Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve
Branches of the vagus (tenth cranial) nerve. The recurrent laryngeal nerves originate more caudally than the superior laryngeal nerves and follow different paths on the right and left sides. They carry efferents to all muscles of the larynx except the cricothyroid and carry sensory and autonomic fibers to the laryngeal, pharyngeal, tracheal, and cardiac regions.
Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve Injuries
Laryngeal Nerves
Branches of the VAGUS NERVE. The superior laryngeal nerves originate near the nodose ganglion and separate into external branches, which supply motor fibers to the cricothyroid muscles, and internal branches, which carry sensory fibers. The RECURRENT LARYNGEAL NERVE originates more caudally and carries efferents to all muscles of the larynx except the cricothyroid. The laryngeal nerves and their various branches also carry sensory and autonomic fibers to the laryngeal, pharyngeal, tracheal, and cardiac regions.
Vocal Cord Paralysis
Laryngeal Muscles
Larynx
Laryngoscopy
Vocal Cords
A pair of cone-shaped elastic mucous membrane projecting from the laryngeal wall and forming a narrow slit between them. Each contains a thickened free edge (vocal ligament) extending from the THYROID CARTILAGE to the ARYTENOID CARTILAGE, and a VOCAL MUSCLE that shortens or relaxes the vocal cord to control sound production.
Cranial Nerve Injuries
Phrenic Nerve
Voice Disorders
Laryngeal Cartilages
Arytenoid Cartilage
Video-Assisted Surgery
Monitoring, Intraoperative
Vagotomy
Para-Aortic Bodies
Small masses of chromaffin cells found near the SYMPATHETIC GANGLIA along the ABDOMINAL AORTA, beginning cranial to the superior mesenteric artery (MESENTERIC ARTERY, SUPERIOR) or renal arteries and extending to the level of the aortic bifurcation or just beyond. They are also called the organs of Zuckerkandl and sometimes called aortic bodies (not to be confused with AORTIC BODIES in the THORAX). The para-aortic bodies are the dominant source of CATECHOLAMINES in the FETUS and normally regress after BIRTH.
Hypoparathyroidism
A condition caused by a deficiency of PARATHYROID HORMONE (or PTH). It is characterized by HYPOCALCEMIA and hyperphosphatemia. Hypocalcemia leads to TETANY. The acquired form is due to removal or injuries to the PARATHYROID GLANDS. The congenital form is due to mutations of genes, such as TBX1; (see DIGEORGE SYNDROME); CASR encoding CALCIUM-SENSING RECEPTOR; or PTH encoding parathyroid hormone.
Respiration
The act of breathing with the LUNGS, consisting of INHALATION, or the taking into the lungs of the ambient air, and of EXHALATION, or the expelling of the modified air which contains more CARBON DIOXIDE than the air taken in (Blakiston's Gould Medical Dictionary, 4th ed.). This does not include tissue respiration (= OXYGEN CONSUMPTION) or cell respiration (= CELL RESPIRATION).
Cats
The domestic cat, Felis catus, of the carnivore family FELIDAE, comprising over 30 different breeds. The domestic cat is descended primarily from the wild cat of Africa and extreme southwestern Asia. Though probably present in towns in Palestine as long ago as 7000 years, actual domestication occurred in Egypt about 4000 years ago. (From Walker's Mammals of the World, 6th ed, p801)
Intraoperative Complications
Postoperative Complications
Vagus Nerve
The 10th cranial nerve. The vagus is a mixed nerve which contains somatic afferents (from skin in back of the ear and the external auditory meatus), visceral afferents (from the pharynx, larynx, thorax, and abdomen), parasympathetic efferents (to the thorax and abdomen), and efferents to striated muscle (of the larynx and pharynx).
Sciatic Nerve
A nerve which originates in the lumbar and sacral spinal cord (L4 to S3) and supplies motor and sensory innervation to the lower extremity. The sciatic nerve, which is the main continuation of the sacral plexus, is the largest nerve in the body. It has two major branches, the TIBIAL NERVE and the PERONEAL NERVE.
Esophagus
Carcinoma, Papillary
Electromyography
Deglutition
Electronic Mail
Messages between computer users via COMPUTER COMMUNICATION NETWORKS. This feature duplicates most of the features of paper mail, such as forwarding, multiple copies, and attachments of images and other file types, but with a speed advantage. The term also refers to an individual message sent in this way.
Editorial Policies
Authorship
Postal Service
Internet
Phonation
Muscular Atrophy
Carcinoma, Bronchogenic
Traction
The pull on a limb or a part thereof. Skin traction (indirect traction) is applied by using a bandage to pull on the skin and fascia where light traction is required. Skeletal traction (direct traction), however, uses pins or wires inserted through bone and is attached to weights, pulleys, and ropes. (From Blauvelt & Nelson, A Manual of Orthopaedic Terminology, 5th ed)
Diagnostic Techniques and Procedures
Atrophy of the posterior cricoarytenoid muscle as an indicator of recurrent laryngeal nerve palsy. (1/68)
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The posterior cricoarytenoid (PCA) muscle is one of the intrinsic muscles of the larynx innervated by the recurrent laryngeal nerve. As such, recurrent laryngeal nerve palsy should not only result in paralysis of the true vocal cord or thyroarytenoid muscle but also in a similar change in the PCA muscle. The ability of CT and MR imaging to depict denervation atrophy in the PCA muscle in patients with recurrent laryngeal nerve palsy was evaluated. METHODS: Two investigators reviewed the CT and/or MR studies of 20 patients with a clinical history of vocal cord paralysis. The appearance of the PCA muscle was given a rating of 0, 1, 2, 3, or 4, with 0 being definitely normal and 4 being definitely abnormal or atrophic. Each study was also reviewed for the presence or absence of other features of vocal cord paralysis: thyroarytenoid muscle atrophy, anteromedial deviation of the arytenoid cartilage, an enlarged piriform sinus and laryngeal ventricle, and a paramedian cord. RESULTS: Atrophy of the PCA muscle was shown unequivocally in 65% of the cases and was most likely present in an additional 20%. The frequency with which other features of vocal cord paralysis were seen was as follows: thyroarytenoid atrophy, 95%; anteromedial deviation of the arytenoid cartilage, 70%; enlarged piriform sinus, 100%; enlarged laryngeal ventricle, 90%; and a paramedian cord, 100%. CONCLUSION: Atrophy of the PCA muscle may be commonly documented on CT and MR studies in patients with recurrent laryngeal nerve palsy and vocal cord paralysis, and therefore should be part of the constellation of imaging features of vocal cord paralysis. This finding is particularly useful when other imaging findings of vocal cord paralysis are absent or equivocal. (+info)Quantitative analysis of the anatomy of the epineurium of the canine recurrent laryngeal nerve. (2/68)
The purpose of this investigation was to determine the amount of epineurium surrounding the recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) compared with a limb nerve, that to flexor hallicus longus (NFHL). Nerve samples were obtained from 10 adult dogs and studied using scanning electron microscopy and light microscopy to measure the relative proportion of epineurium and the relative proportions of adipose and collagenous tissue comprising the epineurium in both nerves. Significantly greater relative epineurial cross-sectional areas and adipose content were found in the RLN than in the NFHL. Based on observations on noncranial peripheral nerves, the findings indicate that the RLN is better protected against deformational forces associated with compression than stretching forces. The RLN may not be structured well for successful reinnervation after injury. The patterns observed for adipose tissue in RLN epineurial tissue appeared unique compared with those previously reported in peripheral nerves. The primary role associated with adipose tissue is to 'package' the nerve for protection. The RLN is considered to be a vital nerve in the body, as are other cranial nerves. The large proportions of adipose tissue in the epineurium may relate to the importance of protecting this nerve from injury. (+info)Synchronized fast rhythms in inspiratory and expiratory nerve discharges during fictive vocalization. (3/68)
In precollicular decerebrate and paralyzed cats, respiratory nerve activities were recorded during fictive vocalization (FV), which consisted of a distinctive pattern of 1) decreased inspiratory (I) and expiratory (E) phase durations, 2) marked increase of phrenic activity and moderate changes of recurrent laryngeal (RL) and superior laryngeal (SL) I activities, and 3) massive recruitment of laryngeal and abdominal (ABD; lumbar) E activities. FV was produced by electrical stimulation (100 Hz) in the midbrain periaqueductal gray (PAG) or its putative descending pathways in the ventrolateral pons (VLP). Spectral and correlation analyses revealed three types of effect on fast rhythms during FV. 1) I activities: the coherent high-frequency oscillations in I (I-HFO, 60-90 Hz) present in phrenic and RL discharges during the control state did not change qualitatively, but there was an increase of power and a moderate increase (4-10 Hz) of frequency. Sometimes a distinct relatively weak stimulus-locked rhythm appeared. 2) RL and SL activities during E: in recruited discharges, a prominent intrinsic rhythm (coherent E-HFOs at 50-70 Hz) appeared; sometimes a distinct relatively strong stimulus-locked rhythm appeared. 3) ABD activities during E: this recruited activity had no intrinsic rhythm but had an evoked oscillation locked to the stimulus frequency. Thus FV is characterized by 1) appearance of prominent coherent intrinsic rhythms in RL and SL E discharges, which presumably arise as a result of excitation and increased interactions in laryngeal networks; 2) modification of intrinsic rhythmic interactions in inspiratory networks; and 3) evoked rhythms in augmenting-E neuron networks without occurrence of intrinsic rhythms. (+info)Nonrecurrent laryngeal nerve during carotid artery surgery: case report and literature review. (4/68)
The anomalous position of a nonrecurrent inferior laryngeal nerve predisposes it to injury during surgery in the neck. We present the case of a patient who underwent a carotid endarterectomy in which a rare left nonrecurrent laryngeal nerve was found intraoperatively. This abnormality, which occurs much less often on the left than the right side of the neck, should be familiar to vascular surgeons. Historical, embryologic, and surgical significance of this anomaly is addressed. (+info)Left vocal cord paralysis associated with long-standing patent ductus arteriosus. (5/68)
SUMMARY: Left vocal cord paralysis in association with patent ductus arteriosus is unusual. We report a patient with long-standing patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) in whom CT studies obtained before and after paralysis developed showed an interval increase in size of the pulmonary trunk. The pathogenesis of left vocal cord paralysis in association with long-standing PDA is discussed. (+info)Relationship between the recurrent laryngeal nerve and the inferior thyroid artery: a study in corpses. (6/68)
The anatomical relationship between the recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) and the inferior thyroid artery (ITA) was studied in 76 embalmed corpses, 8 females and 68 males. In both sexes, the RLN lay more frequently between branches of the ITA.; it was found in this position in 47.3% of male corpses and 42.8% of female ones. On the right, RLN was found between branches of the ITA in 49.3% of the cases, anterior to it in 38.04%, and posterior in 11.26%. On the left, the RLN lay between branches of the ITA in 44.45%, posterior to the ITA in 37.05%, and anterior to it in 18.05% of the cases. In 62.68% of the cases, the relationship found on one side did not occur again on the opposite side. There was a significant difference (p<0.05) in the distribution of the 3 types of relationships between the RLN and the ITA, on the right and on the left. Racial variations could contribute to an explanation of the differences observed by authors of different countries in the relationship between the RLN and the ITA. (+info)Use of the laryngeal mask airway in thyroid and parathyroid surgery as an aid to the identification and preservation of the recurrent laryngeal nerves. (7/68)
A prospective study was carried out in patients undergoing thyroid and parathyroid surgery using a laryngeal mask airway (LMA) and electrical nerve stimulation to identify the recurrent laryngeal nerves. A total of 150 consecutive patients undergoing thyroid and parathyroid surgery by a single surgeon were assessed for suitability of anaesthesia via the LMA. Peroperatively, a fibre-optic laryngoscope was passed through the LMA to enable the anaesthetist to visualise the vocal cords while adduction of the cords was elicited by applying a nerve stimulator in the operative field. In all, 144 patients were selected for anaesthesia via the LMA. Fibre-optic laryngoscopy and nerve stimulation were performed in 64 patients (42.7%). The trachea was deviated in 51 (34.0%) and narrowed in 33 (22.0%). The recurrent laryngeal nerves were identified in all patients. There were no cases of vocal cord dysfunction resulting from surgery. The LMA can be safely used for thyroid and parathyroid surgery even in the presence of a deviated or narrowed trachea. It can assist in identification and preservation of the recurrent laryngeal nerve and is, therefore, of benefit to both patient and surgeon. (+info)Selective suppression of late laryngeal adductor responses by N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor blockade in the cat. (8/68)
Laryngeal adductor responses to afferent stimulation play a key role in airway protection. Although vital for protection during cough and swallow, these responses also must be centrally controlled to prevent airway obstruction by laryngospasm during prolonged stimulation. Our purpose was to determine the role of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors in modulating early R1 responses (at 9 ms) and/or later more prolonged R2 responses (at 36 ms) during electrical stimulation of the laryngeal afferent fibers contained in the internal branch of the superior laryngeal nerve in the cat. The percent occurrence, amplitude, and conditioning of muscle responses to single superior laryngeal nerve (SLN) stimuli presented in pairs at interstimulus intervals of 250 ms were measured in three experiments: 1) animals that had ketamine as anesthetic premedication were compared with those who did not, when both were maintained under alpha-chloralose anesthesia. 2) The effects of administering ketamine in one group of animals were compared with increasing the depth of alpha-chloralose anesthesia without NMDA receptor blockade in another group of animals. 3) The effects of dextromethorphan (without anesthetic effects) were examined in another group of animals. In the first experiment, the occurrence of R2 responses were reduced from 95% in animals without ketamine premedication to 25% in animals with ketamine premedication (P = 0.015). No differences occurred in the occurrence, amplitude, latency, or conditioning effects on R1 responses between these groups. In the second experiment, the occurrence of R2 responses was reduced from 96 to 79% after an increase in the depth of anesthesia with alpha-chloralose in contrast with reductions in R2 occurrence from 98 to 19% following the administration of ketamine to induce NMDA receptor blockade along with increased anesthesia (P = 0.025). In the third experiment, R2 occurrence was reduced from 89 to 27% (P = 0.017) with administration of dextromethorphan while R1 response occurrence and amplitude did not change. In each of these experiments, NMDA receptor blockade did not have significant effects on cardiac or respiratory rates in any of the animals. The results demonstrate that NMDA receptors play an essential role in long latency R2 laryngeal responses to laryngeal afferent stimulation. On the other hand, early R1 laryngeal adductor responses are likely to involve non-NMDA receptor activation. (+info)
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Remote delivery of rAAV-GFP to the rat brainstem through the recurrent laryngeal nerve. - Semantic Scholar
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Ortner's syndrome
Due to compression of the recurrent laryngeal nerve, it can cause the hoarseness of the voice, which can also be a sign of ... The definition of Ortner's syndrome has since then expanded to encompass all possible causes of left recurrent laryngeal nerve ... Aortic dissection More commonly affects the right recurrent laryngeal nerve as the most common type of aortic dissection is ... Norbert Ortner in 1897 after he observed left recurrent laryngeal nerve palsy (LRLN) in three patients with left atrial ...
Posterior cricoarytenoid muscle
The posterior cricoarytenoid muscles are innervated by the recurrent laryngeal nerve, a branch of the vagus nerve (CN X). The ... Posterior cricoarytenoid muscle Posterior cricoarytenoid muscle Posterior cricoarytenoid muscle Recurrent laryngeal nerve ... Recurrent laryngeal nerve injury. Stockholm. ISBN 978-91-7409-123-6. The Arytenoid Cartilages - a clinical overview. 2002, Dr. ... Paralysis of the posterior cricoarytenoid muscles may lead to asphyxiation as they are the only laryngeal muscles to open the ...
Larynx
Injury to one of the recurrent laryngeal nerves produces hoarseness, if both are damaged the voice may or may not be preserved ... by the superior laryngeal nerve. Injury to the external laryngeal nerve causes weakened phonation because the vocal folds ... Bilateral injury to the recurrent laryngeal nerve would cause this condition. It is also worth noting that all muscles are ... 214-215, 336 Hydman, Jonas (2008). Recurrent laryngeal nerve injury. Stockholm. p. 8. ISBN 978-91-7409-123-6. Laitman, J.T.; ...
Carotid sheath
the vagus nerve. part of the recurrent laryngeal nerve. the deep cervical lymph nodes. The carotid artery lies medial to the ... In the upper part, the carotid sheath also contains the glossopharyngeal nerve (IX), the accessory nerve (XI), and the ... Hypoglossal nerve, cervical plexus, and their branches. Muscles of the pharynx, viewed from behind, together with the ... hypoglossal nerve (XII), which pierce the fascia of the carotid sheath. The ansa cervicalis is embedded in the anterior wall of ...
Spasmodic dysphonia
Recurrent laryngeal nerve resection involves removing a section of the recurrent laryngeal nerve. Recurrent laryngeal nerve ... Surgical approaches include recurrent laryngeal nerve resection, selective laryngeal adductor denervation-reinnervation (SLAD-R ... Dedo, Herbert H. (1976). "Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve Section for Spastic Dysphonia". Annals of Otology, Rhinology & Laryngology ... efforts to treat the condition were published in 1976 by Herbert Dedo and involved cutting of the recurrent laryngeal nerve. ...
Thyroplasty
Recurrent laryngeal nerve paralysis with lateralized arytenoid. Non-rotating aarytenoid. Medial vocal cord fixation. Arytenoid ... Unilateral superior laryngeal nerve weakness. The main aim of this combination is relaxation and increased mass of one vocal ... There is increase in average phonation time (from 4.6 seconds to 15 seconds). It provides static change to the laryngeal ... Previous history of radiation therapy to the larynx for treatment of laryngeal and hypolaryngeal cancers. Poor abduction of the ...
Vocal cord paresis
Physicians may also use the term recurrent laryngeal nerve paralysis. Additionally, superior laryngeal nerve damage (SLN) can ... also known as recurrent laryngeal nerve paralysis or vocal fold paralysis, is an injury to one or both recurrent laryngeal ... These conditions result from continuous damage to the laryngeal nerves and often lead to vocal disability. Recurrent laryngeal ... The larynx EMG can, within limits, provide a prognosis of the development of a recurrent laryngeal nerve paralysis. Patients ...
Marta Lamas
"The non-recurrent laryngeal nerve: An anatomical 'trap'". Revista Portuguesa de Endocrinologia, Diabetes e Metabolismo. 9 (1): ...
Galen
He did this through tying off the recurrent laryngeal nerve. He used the same method to tie off the ureters to prove his ... The squealing pig experiment was when Galen would cut open a pig, and while it was squealing he would cut the nerve, or vocal ... He was also able to describe the nerves that emerge from the spine, which is integral to his research about the nervous system ... He worked with pigs and studied their neuroanatomy by severing different nerves either totally or partially to see how it ...
James Samuel Risien Russell
"V. The abductor and adductor fibres of the recurrent laryngeal nerve". Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. 51 (308-314 ... Russell, J. S. R. (23 October 1897). "An Experimental Investigation of the Cervical and Thoracic Nerve Roots in Relation to the ... An experimental investigation of the nerve roots which enter into the formation of the brachial plexus of the dog". ...
Inferior thyroid artery
The relationship between the recurrent laryngeal nerve and inferior thyroid artery is highly variable.[1] The recurrent ... Anatomy photo:32:06-0100 at the SUNY Downstate Medical Center - "Larynx: Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve and Inferior Laryngeal ... Yalçin B (February 2006). "Anatomic configurations of the recurrent laryngeal nerve and inferior thyroid artery". Surgery. 139 ... Yalçin B (February 2006). "Anatomic configurations of the recurrent laryngeal nerve and inferior thyroid artery". Surgery. 139 ...
Giraffe
... the left recurrent laryngeal nerve is longer than the right; in the giraffe it is over 30 cm (12 in) longer. These nerves are ... then branches off into the recurrent laryngeal nerve which passes back up the neck to the larynx. Thus, these nerve cells have ... Wedel, M. J. (2012). "A monument of inefficiency: the presumed course of the recurrent laryngeal nerve in sauropod dinosaurs" ( ... Each nerve cell in this path begins in the brainstem and passes down the neck along the vagus nerve, ...
Ventral slot
Attention is paid on any deep nerve structures as the recurrent laryngeal nerve. The goal is to expose the affected disc and ... "The foramen is probed with a nerve hook to ensure that the nerve is free". To decompress a longer part of the cervical canal a ... Alternatively, if only a single nerve root is affected it is also possible to release the compressed nerve root via a ... The ventral slot technique is a procedure that allows the surgeon to reach and decompress the spinal cord and associated nerve ...
History of neurology and neurosurgery
One particular discovery he made was of the importance of the recurrent laryngeal nerves. Originally, he cut through them ... Later Golgi and Cajal stained the ramifying branches of nerve cells; these could only touch, or synapse. The brain now had ... It includes detailed images depicting the ventricles, cranial nerves, pituitary gland, meninges, structures of the eye, the ... Luigi Galvani (1737-1798) demonstrated that electrical stimulation of nerve produced muscle contraction, and the competing work ...
Aortopulmonary space
It contains the ligamentum arteriosum, the recurrent laryngeal nerve, lymph nodes, and fatty tissue. The space is bounded ...
Thyroid cancer
The tumor infiltrates into infrahyoid muscles, trachea, oesophagus, recurrent laryngeal nerve, carotid sheath, etc. The tumor ... present are pain in the anterior region of the neck and changes in voice due to an involvement of the recurrent laryngeal nerve ...
Thyroidectomy
Laryngeal nerve injury in about 1% of patients, in particular the recurrent laryngeal nerve: Unilateral damage results in a ... Recurrent Laryngeal nerve injury may occur during the ligature of the inferior thyroid artery. Hypoparathyroidism temporary ( ... in the vicinity of the recurrent laryngeal nerve entry point and the superior parathyroid gland. Total thyroidectomy - Entire ... Bilateral damage presents as laryngeal obstruction after surgery and can be a surgical emergency: an emergency tracheostomy may ...
Common carotid artery
At the lower part of the neck, on the right side of the body, the right recurrent laryngeal nerve crosses obliquely behind the ... left recurrent laryngeal nerve, and thoracic duct. To its right side below is the brachiocephalic trunk, and above, the trachea ... the inferior thyroid artery and recurrent laryngeal nerve being interposed; higher up, with the larynx and pharynx. Lateral to ... Sometimes the descending branch of the hypoglossal nerve is contained within the sheath. The superior thyroid vein crosses the ...
Bernie Worrell
Tumor has grown and Recurrent laryngeal nerve is pressing on vocal cord, paralyzing it. Treatment starts Tuesday to (hopefully ...
Graves' disease
Its risks are injury of the recurrent laryngeal nerve, hypoparathyroidism (due to removal of the parathyroid glands), hematoma ... Reportedly, a 1% incidence exists of permanent recurrent laryngeal nerve paralysis after complete thyroidectomy.[26] Removal of ... Pressure on the optic nerve behind the globe can lead to visual field defects and vision loss, as well. Prolonged untreated ... Class 6: Sight loss (due to optic nerve involvement). Typically the natural history of TAO follows Rundle's curve, which ...
Pharyngeal pouch (embryology)
Nerve supply is by the recurrent laryngeal nerve. Pharyngeal arch (often called branchial arch although this is more ... The main nerve supply to the derivatives of this pouch is Cranial Nerve IX, glossopharyngeal nerve. Derivatives include: ... Nerve supplying these derivatives is Superior laryngeal nerve. Rudimentary structure, becomes part of the fourth pouch ... Contributes the middle ear, palatine tonsils, supplied by the facial nerve. The third pouch possesses Dorsal and Ventral wings ...
Subclavian artery
Medial to it are the esophagus, trachea, thoracic duct, and left recurrent laryngeal nerve. Lateral to it are the left pleura ... Behind, it is in relation with the esophagus, thoracic duct, left recurrent laryngeal nerve, inferior cervical ganglion of the ... The right recurrent laryngeal nerve winds around the lower and back part of the vessel. The first part of the left subclavian ... It is in relation, in front, with the vagus nerve, the cardiac nerves, and the phrenic nerves, which lie parallel with it, the ...
Jonathan E. Aviv
Transcutaneous electrical stimulation of the recurrent laryngeal nerve: a method of controlling vocal cord position. ...
2012 in archosaur paleontology
Mathew J. Wedel (2012). "A monument of inefficiency: the presumed course of the recurrent laryngeal nerve in sauropod dinosaurs ... The study on the presumed course of the recurrent laryngeal nerve in sauropod dinosaurs is published by Mathew J. Wedel (2012 ...
Interrupted aortic arch
Other early complications include damage to the left recurrent laryngeal nerve and the phrenic nerve. Late complications ...
Lung cancer
Invasion of the mediastinum, heart, great vessels, trachea, carina, recurrent laryngeal nerve, esophagus, or vertebra. ... Invasion into the chest wall, diaphragm, phrenic nerve, mediastinal pleura or parietal pericardium. ...
Central pattern generator
... recurrent laryngeal nerve branches that innervate the thyroarytenoid muscle during the last stage of expiration; (3) the ... The rhythmicity of these nerves is classically viewed as originating from a single rhythm generator. In this model, phasing is ... The phases of the respiratory CPG are characterized by the rhythmic activity of: (1) the phrenic nerve during inspiration; (2) ... Grélot L, Barillot JC, Bianchi AL (1989). "Pharyngeal motoneurones: respiratory-related activity and responses to laryngeal ...
Aortic arch
A branch of the vagus nerve, the recurrent laryngeal nerve, passes underneath the arch of aorta. The nerve is seen here. This ... Innervated by barometric nerve terminals, the aortic arch is responsible for sensing changes in the dilation of the vascular ...
Tracheotomy
... recurrent laryngeal nerve injury, and tube displacement. Delayed complications include tracheal-innominate artery fistula, ...
Sam Wyche
His left Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve was severed during the procedure, leaving his voice consistently hoarse and scratchy. From ...
Angioedema
There may also be slightly decreased sensation in the affected areas due to compression of the nerves. Urticaria (hives) may ... "A 68-Year-Old Woman With Recurrent Abdominal Pain, Nausea, and Vomiting". MedScape. Archived from the original on 22 October ... "Laryngeal edema and death from asphyxiation after tooth extraction in four patients with hereditary angioedema". J Am Dent ... Patients with HAE can also have recurrent episodes (often called "attacks") of abdominal pain, usually accompanied by intense ...
Hemiparesis
Drugs are also given to individuals who have recurrent seizures, which may be a separate but related problem after brain injury ... Iatrogenic: local anaesthetic injections given intra-arterially rapidly, instead of given in a nerve branch. ... laryngeal paralysis. *Paraplegia. *Brunnstrom Approach. *Paresis. References[edit]. *^ a b c d Detailed article about ... "Deterioration of Hemiparesis after Recurrent Stroke in the Unaffected Hemisphere: Three Further Cases with Possible ...
Thymus
Symptoms are sometimes confused with bronchitis or a strong cough because the tumour presses on the recurrent laryngeal nerve. ... The nerves supplying the thymus arise from the vagus nerve and the cervical sympathetic chain. Branches from the phrenic nerves ... Although present, the exact role of the nerve supply of the thymus is little understood. The two lobes differ slightly in size ...
Thyroidectomy
Laryngeal nerve injury in about 1% of patients, in particular the recurrent laryngeal nerve: Unilateral damage results in a ... Recurrent Laryngeal nerve injury may occur during the ligature of the inferior thyroid artery. ... in the vicinity of the recurrent laryngeal nerve entry point and the superior parathyroid gland. ... Bilateral damage presents as laryngeal obstruction after surgery and can be a surgical emergency: an emergency tracheostomy may ...
Aorta
The left vagus nerve, which passes anterior to the aortic arch, gives off a major branch, the recurrent laryngeal nerve, which ... Between the aortic arch and the pulmonary trunk is a network of autonomic nerve fibers, the cardiac plexus or aortic plexus. ... The aorta consists of a heterogeneous mixture of smooth muscle, nerves, intimal cells, endothelial cells, fibroblast-like cells ...
Nervus peroneus communis
... recurrent laryngeal, Alderman's nervus) , XI accessorius , XII hypoglossus ... Nervus peroneus communis (Nervus fibularis communis, nervus popliteus externus, nervus peroneus) er en nerve med tykkelse av ca ... halvparten av nervus tibialis som avgår fra dorsale grener av fjerde og femte lumbale og første og andre sakrale nerve. ... Den tredje (rekurrente) artikulære nerve avgår ved delingsstedet for peroneus communis, hvor den går oppad sammen med arteria ...
Trachea
... and to its sides on its back surface run the recurrent laryngeal nerves in the upper trachea, and the vagus nerves in the lower ... and a tendency to get recurrent respiratory tract infections.[21] ...
Blood vessel
It also contains nerves that supply the vessel as well as nutrient capillaries (vasa vasorum) in the larger blood vessels. ... ACA (anterior communicating, Recurrent artery of Heubner, Orbitofrontal artery). *MCA (anterolateral central, Prefrontal artery ...
Central retinal artery
The central retinal artery supplies all the nerve fibers that form the optic nerve, which carries the visual information to the ... ACA (anterior communicating, Recurrent artery of Heubner, Orbitofrontal artery). *MCA (anterolateral central, Prefrontal artery ... The central retinal artery (retinal artery) branches off the ophthalmic artery, running inferior to the optic nerve within its ... It pierces the eyeball close to the optic nerve, sending branches over the internal surface of the retina, and these terminal ...
Arterial tree
ACA (anterior communicating, Recurrent artery of Heubner, Orbitofrontal artery). *MCA (anterolateral central, Prefrontal artery ... Accompanying artery of ischiadic nerve. *Uterine artery (females) / deferential artery (males) *Vaginal artery (sometimes) ... Superior laryngeal artery. *Cricothyroid artery. *Ascending pharyngeal artery. *Lingual artery. *Facial artery *cervical * ...
Lingual artery
... while the lingual nerve (not pictured) passes superior to it (for a comparison, the hypoglossal nerve, pictured, passes ... ACA (anterior communicating, Recurrent artery of Heubner, Orbitofrontal artery). *MCA (anterolateral central, Prefrontal artery ... It lies on the lateral side of the genioglossus, the main large extrinsic tongue muscle, accompanied by the lingual nerve. ... It then curves downward and forward, forming a loop which is crossed by the hypoglossal nerve, and passing beneath the ...
Kalsitonin bahasa Indonesia, ensiklopedia bebas
Hirsch PF, Gauthier GF, Munson PL (August 1963). "Thyroid hypocalcemic principle and recurrent laryngeal nerve injury as ...
Arytenoid muscle
superior laryngeal artery. Nerve. recurrent laryngeal branch of the vagus. Actions. approximate the arytenoid cartilages (close ...
Meningeal branch of vagus nerve
The meningeal branch of vagus nerve (dural branch) is a recurrent filament given off from the jugular ganglion; it is ... Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Meningeal_branch_of_vagus_nerve&oldid=657028818" ...
Nervus vagus
... recurrent laryngeal, Alderman's nervus) , XI accessorius , XII hypoglossus ... Nervus vagus (oversatt: «den vidvankende nerve») er synonym med den tiende hjernenerven og kalles også «vagusnerven», « ... innvollsnerven» og «den vidvankende nerve». Vagusnerven følger de store blodårene i halsen, går gjennom brysthulen og til ...
Wikipedia:WikiProject Medicine/Cochrane/Cochrane Review List/Musculoskeletal, Oral, Skin and Sensory
Radiotherapy versus open surgery versus endolaryngeal surgery (with or without laser) for early laryngeal squamous cell cancer ... Psychological therapies (remotely delivered) for the management of chronic and recurrent pain in children and adolescents PMID ... Infraorbital nerve block for postoperative pain following cleft lip repair in children PMID 27074283 https://doi.org/10.1002/ ... Interventions for acute otitis externa PMID 20091565 https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD004740.pub2 Interventions for recurrent ...
Cough reflex
The glottis closes (muscles innervated by recurrent laryngeal nerve) and the vocal cords contract to shut the larynx. ... impulses travel via the internal laryngeal nerve, a branch of the superior laryngeal nerve which stems from the vagus nerve (CN ... Diaphragm (innervated by phrenic nerve) and external intercostal muscles (innervated by segmental intercostal nerves) contract ... This reflex may also be impaired by damage to the internal branch of the superior laryngeal nerve which relays the afferent ...
Basilar artery
ACA (anterior communicating, Recurrent artery of Heubner, Orbitofrontal artery). *MCA (anterolateral central, Prefrontal artery ... the union of the two vertebral arteries at the junction between the medulla oblongata and the pons between the abducens nerves ...
Ophthalmic artery
The ophthalmic artery can also pass superiorly to the optic nerve in a minority of cases.[1] In the posterior third of the cone ... ACA (anterior communicating, Recurrent artery of Heubner, Orbitofrontal artery). *MCA (anterolateral central, Prefrontal artery ... The supraorbital artery branches from the OA as it passes over the optic nerve. The supraorbital artery passes anteriorly along ... About 12.5mm (0.5 inch) posterior to the globe, the central retinal artery turns superiorly and penetrates the optic nerve, ...
Giraffe
... the left recurrent laryngeal nerve is longer than the right; in the giraffe it is over 30 cm (12 in) longer. These nerves are ... then branches off into the recurrent laryngeal nerve which passes back up the neck to the larynx. Thus, these nerve cells have ... the presumed course of the recurrent laryngeal nerve in sauropod dinosaurs" (PDF). Acta Palaeontologica Polonica. 57 (2): 251- ... Each nerve cell in this path begins in the brainstem and passes down the neck along the vagus nerve, ...
Brachial plexus block
... the phrenic nerve and recurrent laryngeal nerve. Depending on the circumstances, alternatives to brachial plexus block may ... If the musculocutaneous nerve is missed, it may be necessary to block this nerve separately. This can be accomplished by using ... The brachial plexus is most compact at the level of the trunks formed by the C5-T1 nerve roots, so nerve block at this level ... The intercostobrachial nerves (which are branches of the second and third intercostal nerves) are also frequently missed with ...
Spinal trigeminal nucleus
In addition to the trigeminal nerve (CN V), the facial (CN VII), glossopharyngeal (CN IX), and vagus nerves (CN X) also convey ... Recurrent laryngeal. *Superior cervical cardiac. Thorax. *Inferior cardiac. *Pulmonary. *Vagal trunks *anterior ... The cranial nerve nuclei schematically represented; dorsal view. Motor nuclei in red; sensory in blue. (Trigeminal nerve nuclei ... Thus the spinal trigeminal nucleus receives input from cranial nerves V, VII, IX, and X. ...
Gastroesophageal reflux disease
An obsolete treatment is vagotomy ("highly selective vagotomy"), the surgical removal of vagus nerve branches that innervate ... which causes respiratory and laryngeal signs and symptoms, is called laryngopharyngeal reflux (LPR) or "extraesophageal reflux ... and a lower incidence of recurrent reflux.[57] ...
Polyneuropathy in dogs and cats
... and femoral nerve, tibial nerve, radial nerve, trigeminal nerve, or recurrent laryngeal nerve paralysis. Hypertrophic ... Polyneuropathy indicates that multiple nerves are involved, unlike mononeuropathy. Polyneuropathy usually involves motor nerve ... Spinal muscular atrophy occurs in cats and dogs, and is caused by the death of nerve cells in the spinal cord. This progressive ... It is caused in part by prolonged hyperglycemia (high blood sugar) and results in dysfunction of one or both tibial nerves and ...
Anterior superior alveolar arteries
ACA (anterior communicating, Recurrent artery of Heubner, Orbitofrontal artery). *MCA (anterolateral central, Prefrontal artery ... For nerve, see Anterior superior alveolar nerve.. Anterior superior alveolar arteries. Details. ...
Cranial nerves
... the recurrent laryngeal nerve.[1] ... The terminal nerves (0), olfactory nerves (I) and optic nerves ... Cranial nerve mnemonics. References[edit]. *^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y Vilensky, Joel; Robertson, ... the optic nerve (II), oculomotor nerve (III), trochlear nerve (IV), trigeminal nerve (V), abducens nerve (VI), facial nerve ( ... VII), vestibulocochlear nerve (VIII), glossopharyngeal nerve (IX), vagus nerve (X), accessory nerve (XI), and hypoglossal nerve ...
Superficial temporal artery
An estimate of the path of the nerve in the soft tissue of the temporal frontal branch using landmarks by Pitanguy. He ... ACA (anterior communicating, Recurrent artery of Heubner, Orbitofrontal artery). *MCA (anterolateral central, Prefrontal artery ... it is crossed by the temporal and zygomatic branches of the facial nerve and one or two veins, and is accompanied by the ... auriculotemporal nerve, which lies immediately behind it. The superficial temporal artery joins (anastomoses) with (among ...
Coarctation of the aorta
Two complications specific to this surgery are Left recurrent nerve palsy and chylothorax, as the recurrent laryngeal nerve and ...
Post-thyroidectomy Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve Palsy | The BMJ
The Recurrent and Superior Laryngeal Nerves | SpringerLink
This textbook is designed to deliver a comprehensive up-to-date review of all aspects of recurrent laryngeal nerve and superior ... laryngeal nerve anatomy including surgically important anatomy, key st ... relationship of the nerve and the inferior thyroid artery and the non-recurrent recurrent laryngeal nerve. A new classification ... Micro-neuroanatomy of the Vagus, Superior Laryngeal, and Recurrent Laryngeal Nerves Noah P. Parker, Rita Patel, Stacey L. Halum ...
Recurrent laryngeal nerve - Wikipedia
The recurrent laryngeal nerves are the nerves of the sixth pharyngeal arch. The existence of the recurrent laryngeal nerve was ... and the recurrent laryngeal nerves run up to the larynx. The vagus nerves, from which the recurrent laryngeal nerves branch, ... Arches 4 and 6 produce the laryngeal cartilages. The nerve of the sixth arch becomes the recurrent laryngeal nerve. The nerve ... The recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) is a branch of the vagus nerve (cranial nerve X) that supplies all the intrinsic muscles of ...
The Right Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve by WED 2D on Prezi
The Normal Anatomy of the Right Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve (RRLN).. Case 4: Damage to the Right Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve ... Changes to Normal Phonation due to Right Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve Damage. Damage to the right recurrent laryngeal nerve causes ... Figure 2: Right lateral view of the superior and recurrent laryngeal nerves. From Laryngeal nerve anatomy by Yau, A, 2013 ... The RRLN branches off the Vagus Nerve (Seikel, King, & Drumwright, 2010).. The recurrent laryngeal nerve has two sections: the ...
Intraoperative Monitoring of the Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve in Thyroid Surgery | SpringerLink
Background Recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) palsy ranks among the leading reasons for medicolegal litigation of surgeons because ... Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve Palsy Vocal Cord Function Permanent Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve Palsy ... Echeverri A, Flexon PB (1998) Electrophysiologic nerve stimulation for identifying the recurrent laryngeal nerve in thyroid ... Recurrent laryngeal nerve identification and assessment during thyroid surgery: laryngeal palpation. World J Surg 28:755-760 ...
Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve Injury from birth trauma
Surgical management of the compromised recurrent laryngeal nerve in thyroid cancer. - PubMed - NCBI
Surgical management of the compromised recurrent laryngeal nerve in thyroid cancer.. Russell MD1, Kamani D2, Randolph GW3. ... Surgical management of thyroid cancer requires careful consideration of the recurrent laryngeal nerve and its impact on glottic ... Management of the compromised recurrent laryngeal nerve is a complex task, requiring synthesis of multiple elements. The ... bilateral surgery; neuromonitoring; recurrent laryngeal nerve; thyroid cancer; thyroidectomy; vocal cord paralysis ...
Two Cases of Enlarged Zuckerkandl's Tubercle of the Thyroid Displacing the Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve Laterally
A. N. Hisham and M. R. Lukman, "Recurrent laryngeal nerve in thyroid surgery: a critical appraisal," ANZ Journal of Surgery, ... ZT has a relation with the recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN). RLN lateral to ZT is an uncommon occurrence. This paper presents ... J. W. Serpell, "New operative surgical concept of two fascial layers enveloping the recurrent laryngeal nerve," Annals of ... The inferior thyroid arteries and the recurrent laryngeal nerves were identified with usual lateral approach. A left ZT was ...
Visualization Versus Intraoperative Neuromonitoring of the Recurrent Laryngeal Nerves in Thyroid Surgery - Tabular View -...
the incidence of the recurrent laryngeal nerve injury [ Time Frame: on 2nd postoperative day and than at 1, 2, 4, 6 and 12 ... Visualization Versus Intraoperative Neuromonitoring of the Recurrent Laryngeal Nerves in Thyroid Surgery. This study has been ... Intraoperative monitoring of the recurrent laryngeal nerve in thyroid surgery. World J Surg. 2008 Jul;32(7):1358-66. doi: ... Some recent studies have shown that intraoperative neuromonitoring (IONM) can aid the recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) ...
Migration and Differentiation of Neural Progenitor Cells after Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve Avulsion in Rats
... after recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) avulsion. All of the animals received a CM-DiI injection in the left lateral ventricle. ... Recurrent laryngeal nerve palsy after thyroidectomy with routine identification of the recurrent laryngeal nerve. Surgery 137: ... Recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) injury is one of the severe complications induced by thyroid surgery. The incidences of ... Zhao W, Xu W, Yang WW (2014) Neuroregeneration in the Nucleus Ambiguus After Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve Avulsion in Rats. Ann ...
Recurrent laryngeal nerve paralysis: Current concepts and treatment: Part III--Surgical options. - Free Online Library
Recurrent laryngeal nerve paralysis: Current concepts and treatment: Part III--Surgical options. by Ear, Nose and Throat ... nerve+paralysis%3a+Current+concepts+and+treatment%3a...-a070379132,/a,. Citations: *MLA style: "Recurrent laryngeal nerve ... nerve+paralysis%3a+Current+concepts+and+treatment%3a...-a070379132. *APA style: Recurrent laryngeal nerve paralysis: Current ... S.v. Recurrent laryngeal nerve paralysis: Current concepts and treatment: Part III--Surgical options.." Retrieved Aug 13 2020 ...
Improvement in phonation after reconstruction of the recurrent laryngeal nerve in patients with thyroid cancer invading the...
We report vocal improvement after reconstruction of the recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) in patients with nerve resection, ... Improvement in phonation after reconstruction of the recurrent laryngeal nerve in patients with thyroid cancer invading the ... Direct anastomosis, free nerve grafting, or anastomosis to the ansa cervicalis or the vagus nerves with the RLN were performed ... nerve.. Miyauchi A1, Inoue H, Tomoda C, Fukushima M, Kihara M, Higashiyama T, Takamura Y, Ito Y, Kobayashi K, Miya A. ...
Primary Repair Versus No Repair for Transected Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve | Springer for Research & Development
Recurrent laryngeal nerve palsy after thyroidectomy with routine identification of the recurrent laryngeal nerve. Surgery. 2005 ... Laryngeal approach to the recurrent laryngeal nerve involved by thyroid cancer at the ligament of Berry. Surgery. 2012;152:57- ... Laryngeal reinnervation with nerve-nerve anastomosis versus laryngeal framework surgery alone: a comparison of safety. ... Chou F, Su C, Jeng S, Hsu K, Lu K. Neurorrhaphy of the recurrent laryngeal nerve. J Am Coll Surg. 2003;197:52-7.CrossRefPubMed ...
Malignant Thymomaof Reticulum-Cell Type With Pressure on the Left Lung, Trachea, Esophagus, Left Phrenic and Left Recurrent...
Atrophy of the Posterior Cricoarytenoid Muscle as an Indicator of Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve Palsy | American Journal of...
... it is not innervated by the recurrent laryngeal nerve but rather by the external branch of the superior laryngeal nerve. This ... muscle is one of the intrinsic muscles of the larynx innervated by the recurrent laryngeal nerve. As such, recurrent laryngeal ... This muscle is innervated by the recurrent laryngeal nerve branch of the vagus nerve, the same nerve that innervates the ... Paralysis may be due to intrinsic lesions of the recurrent laryngeal nerve or vagus nerve, extrinsic lesions that compress and ...
Intraoperative neuromonitoring versus visual nerve identification for prevention of recurrent laryngeal nerve injury in adults...
Intraoperative neuromonitoring versus visual nerve identification for prevention of recurrent laryngeal nerve injury in adults ... versus visual nerve identification for prevention of recurrent laryngeal nerve injury in adults undergoing thyroid surgery. ... Intraoperative neuromonitoring versus visual nerve identification for prevention of recurrent laryngeal nerve injury in adults ... Laryngeal mask airway versus endotracheal tube for percutaneous dilatational tracheostomy in critically ill adult patients ...
A Case of Tapia's Syndrome: Iatrogenic Hypoglossal and Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve Palsy (P5.271) | Neurology
... a rare iatrogenic complication during intubation involving the hypoglossal nerve and recurrent laryngeal nerve. BACKGROUND: ... A Case of Tapias Syndrome: Iatrogenic Hypoglossal and Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve Palsy (P5.271). Jared Noroozi, Brij Singh ... CONCLUSION: This case highlights hypoglossal and recurrent laryngeal nerve palsy occurring without direct transection during ... A Case of Tapias Syndrome: Iatrogenic Hypoglossal and Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve Palsy (P5.271) ...
Recurrent laryngeal nerve monitoring during esophagectomy and mediastinal lymph node dissection - Zurich Open Repository and...
Gelpke, H; Grieder, F; Decurtins, M; Cadosch, D (2010). Recurrent laryngeal nerve monitoring during esophagectomy and ... BACKGROUND: Patients who undergo surgery to the esophagus and lungs are in jeopardy of recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) damage ... BACKGROUND: Patients who undergo surgery to the esophagus and lungs are in jeopardy of recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) damage ... The correct functioning of the nerve monitoring system was tested directly at the vagus nerve. Diagnosis of postoperative RLN ...
Left recurrent laryngeal nerve palsy secondary to an aortic aneurysm (Ortner's syndrome) | The British Journal of Cardiology
Left recurrent laryngeal nerve palsy secondary to an aortic aneurysm (Ortners syndrome). January 2004Br J Cardiol 2004;11:69- ... In patients presenting with persistent hoarseness due to left recurrent laryngeal nerve (LRLN) palsy and an abnormal left hilum ... In each case, the LRLN palsy was in fact due to direct compression of the nerve by an aortic aneurysm. ...
Recurrent laryngeal nerve | definition of recurrent laryngeal nerve by Medical dictionary
What is recurrent laryngeal nerve? Meaning of recurrent laryngeal nerve medical term. What does recurrent laryngeal nerve mean? ... Looking for online definition of recurrent laryngeal nerve in the Medical Dictionary? recurrent laryngeal nerve explanation ... recurrent laryngeal nerve. Also found in: Acronyms, Wikipedia. re·cur·rent la·ryn·ge·al nerve. [TA] a branch of the vagus nerve ... and esophageal branches and terminates as the inferior laryngeal nerve. recurrent laryngeal nerve. a branch of the vagus nerve ...
Right Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve Shows Greater Stimulation in Spine Surgery; May Indicate Greater Risk - ENTtoday
... researchers have shown in a study intended to promote greater understanding and prevention of damage to the recurrent nerve ... PHOENIX-The right recurrent laryngeal nerve showed greater stimulation than the left during anterior cervical spine surgery on ... Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve Monitoring No Better Than ID Alone. * Intraoperative Nerve Monitoring Is Highly Effective in ... Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve Monitoring No Better Than ID Alone. *Intraoperative Nerve Monitoring Is Highly Effective in ...
Bergen Open Research Archive: EMG changes during continuous intraoperative neuromonitoring with sustained recurrent laryngeal...
Purpose: Traction is the most common cause of injury to the recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) in endocrine neck surgery. The ... EMG changes during continuous intraoperative neuromonitoring with sustained recurrent laryngeal nerve traction in a porcine ... Results: In 29 nerves at risk (NAR), BL amplitude and latency values were 1098 ± 418 (586-2255) μV (mean ± SD (range)) (right ... In only 11 (38 %) of 29 nerves, the amplitude recovered to more than 50 % of BL. Conclusions: Latency increase may be the first ...
Responses of Recurrent Laryngeal, Hypoglossal, and Phrenic Nerves to Increasing Depths of Anesthesia with Halothane or...
Responses of Recurrent Laryngeal, Hypoglossal, and Phrenic Nerves to Increasing Depths of Anesthesia with Halothane or ... Responses of Recurrent Laryngeal, Hypoglossal, and Phrenic Nerves to Increasing Depths of Anesthesia with Halothane or ... Responses of Recurrent Laryngeal, Hypoglossal, and Phrenic Nerves to Increasing Depths of Anesthesia with Halothane or ... Responses of Recurrent Laryngeal, Hypoglossal, and Phrenic Nerves to Increasing Depths of Anesthesia with Halothane or ...
Bleeding, Dysphagia, Dysphonia, Dysarthria, Severe Sore Throat, and Possible Recurrent Laryngeal, Hypoglossal, and Lingual...
... and Possible Recurrent Laryngeal, Hypoglossal, and Lingual Nerve Injury Associated with Routine Laryngeal Mask Airway ... and Possible Recurrent Laryngeal, Hypoglossal, and Lingual Nerve Injury Associated with Routine Laryngeal Mask Airway ... and Possible Recurrent Laryngeal, Hypoglossal, and Lingual Nerve Injury Associated with Routine Laryngeal Mask Airway ... and Possible Recurrent Laryngeal, Hypoglossal, and Lingual Nerve Injury Associated with Routine Laryngeal Mask Airway ...
Non recurrent laryngeal nerve with right aberrant subclavian artery in recurrent case of papillary carcinoma of thyroid: an...
A nonrecurrent laryngeal nerve is a rare anatomical variant and a routine preoperative imaging studies are not indicated. NRLN ... Non recurrent laryngeal nerve with right aberrant subclavian artery in recurrent case of papillary carcinoma of thyroid: an ... A nonrecurrent laryngeal nerve(NRLN) is a rare anatomical variant and a routine preoperative imaging studies are not indicated ... Conclusion: Accurate knowledge of frequent variations of the nerve along with the non recurrent variant reduces the risk of ...
JCDR -
Combined Left Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve and Phrenic Nerve Palsy: A Rare Presentation of Thoracic Aortic Aneurysm
Combined Left Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve and Phrenic Nerve Palsy: A Rare Presentation of Thoracic Aortic Aneurysm TD01-TD02 ... Hoarseness due to left Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve (RLN) paralysis caused by identifiable cardiovascular disease has been ... Very rarely, thoracic aortic aneurysm can cause Phrenic Nerve (PN) palsy causing hemidiaphragm paralysis. But, aortic aneurysm ...
JCDR -
Effect of Dissection of the Recurrent Laryngeal Nerves on Parathyroid Insufficiency during Total Thyroidectomy...
Does recurrent laryngeal nerve lymph node metastasis really affect the prognosis in node-positive patients with squamous cell...
Recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) lymph node metastasis used to be shown a predictor for poor prognosis in esophageal squamous ... recurrent laryngeal nerve, T: trachea. (c) Left upper mediastinal field. RLN: (left) recurrent laryngeal nerve, AA: aotic arch ... Recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) lymph node is located at the cervical base continuous to the upper mediastinum, which is one of ... Recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) lymph node metastasis used to be shown a predictor for poor prognosis in esophageal squamous ...
Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve
The Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve originates in the head, passes down into the chest and loops around the aorta before returning to ... de novo rewire that would cut out the useless intervening nerve length.. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recurrent_laryngeal_nerve ... This animal nerve is interesting because of its circuitous route to its destination. It originates in the head, passes down ... In humans, this adds a few superfluous inches, but in giraffes, the nerve must travel the entire length of the neck, before ...
Recurrent laryngeal nerve
... a very long nerve that originates in the brainstem. After the recurrent laryngeal nerve leaves the vagus nerve, it goes down ... into the chest and then loops back up ( recurs ) to supply nerves to… ... One of the best known branches of the vagus nerve, ... Recurrent laryngeal nerve - Nerve: Recurrent laryngeal nerve ... Laryngeal nerve - The Laryngeal nerve, or Galen s nerve, is a nerve originating from the vagus nerve. It comprises two branches ...
Vagus nerveThyroidectomyPalsyParalysisLarynxSurgeryAnatomyDissectionPharyngealSurgicalNeckRLNsComplicationsLaryngoscopyAbstractHypoglossalParathyroidCervicalIONMLoops around the aortaHoarsenessEsophagealPhrenicCranial nervesElectrodeThoraxNonrecurrent Inferior LarynInferior laryngeal nervesBranchesMask airwayTransectionSuperior laryngealPassesAnatomicalMusclesTrachealInnervatesPosteriorEsophagusEndoscopicThyroid cancerArteriesInjuriesAortic
Vagus nerve46
- The recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) is a branch of the vagus nerve (cranial nerve X) that supplies all the intrinsic muscles of the larynx, with the exception of the cricothyroid muscles. (wikipedia.org)
- Fibers cross over to and join the vagus nerve in the jugular foramen. (wikipedia.org)
- Parasympathetic fibers to segments of the trachea and esophagus in the neck originate in the dorsal nucleus of the vagus nerve. (wikipedia.org)
- In roughly 1 out of every 100-200 people, the right inferior laryngeal nerve is nonrecurrent, branching off the vagus nerve around the level of the cricoid cartilage. (wikipedia.org)
- This muscle is innervated by the recurrent laryngeal nerve branch of the vagus nerve, the same nerve that innervates the thyroarytenoid muscle, which accounts for the bulk of the true vocal cord. (ajnr.org)
- The correct functioning of the nerve monitoring system was tested directly at the vagus nerve. (uzh.ch)
- a branch of the vagus nerve in mammals which loops round the DUCTUS ARTERIOSUS and then goes forward along the trachea. (thefreedictionary.com)
- One of two offshoots of the vagus nerve that connect to the larynx. (thefreedictionary.com)
- One of the best known branches of the vagus nerve, a very long nerve that originates in the brainstem. (enacademic.com)
- After the recurrent laryngeal nerve leaves the vagus nerve, it goes down into the chest and then loops back up ("recurs") to supply nerves to the larynx (the voice box ). (enacademic.com)
- Laryngeal nerve - The Laryngeal nerve, or Galen s nerve, is a nerve originating from the vagus nerve. (enacademic.com)
- Laryngeal nerve palsy - Paralysis of the larynx (voice box) caused by damage to the recurrent laryngeal nerve or its parent nerve, the vagus nerve, which originates in the brainstem and runs down to the colon. (enacademic.com)
- Paralysis, laryngeal nerve - Paralysis of the recurrent laryngeal nerve, a branch of the vagus nerve (a long and important nerve that originates in the brainstem and runs down to the colon). (enacademic.com)
- The recurrent laryngeal nerve is a branch of the vagus nerve (CN X) . Running within the endoneurium, it innervates the laryngeal muscles in the neck and pick up sensory information from the larynx, which is where vocal cords are. (blogspot.com)
- originating in the brainstem, the left recurrent laryngeal nerve branches off the vagus nerve and travels down into the thorax (chest) to loop around under the arch of the aorta artery , then it goes back up to supply the larynx. (blogspot.com)
- The recurrent laryngeal nerve is a branch of the vagus nerve (the tenth cranial nerve ) that supplies motor function and sensation to the larynx (voice box). (wikia.org)
- It branches from the vagus nerve in the chest cavity before it loops around the aorta and then back up to the larynx. (eternalvigilance.me)
- However, the current technique for CIONM, in which a stimulating probe is placed on the vagus nerve, has not been widely adopted because of concerns regarding its invasiveness and safety. (henryford.com)
- During the routine dissection of an adult male cadaver, the entire left recurrent laryngeal nerve after branching from the left vagus nerve was noted to travel medial to the ligamentum arteriosum. (utmb.edu)
- The recurrent laryngeal nerve is part of the vagus nerve which travels from the brain to the larynx, sending signals about how we speak (or bark, or whatever). (tutsplus.com)
- Palatal movements were normal thereby excluding the possibility of injury to the rest of the vagus nerve and confirming an isolated injury to the recurrent laryngeal nerve. (biomedcentral.com)
- The vagus nerve is the longest cranial nerve. (medscape.com)
- The vagus nerve exits from the medulla oblongata in the groove between the olive and the inferior cerebellar peduncle. (medscape.com)
- The vagus nerve is joined by the cranial root of the accessory nerve (cranial nerve XI), just below the inferior ganglion. (medscape.com)
- Course of the vagus nerve. (medscape.com)
- The vagus nerve descends vertically within the carotid sheath posterolateral to the internal and common carotid arteries and medial to the internal jugular vein (IJV) at the root of the neck. (medscape.com)
- It then inclines behind the hilum of the right lung and courses medially toward the esophagus to form the esophageal plexus with the left vagus nerve. (medscape.com)
- Diagram of the vagus nerve demonstrating the different branches. (medscape.com)
- It courses behind the root of the left lung and then deviates medially and downwards to reach the esophagus and form the esophageal plexus by joining the opposite (right) vagus nerve. (medscape.com)
- Similarly, the posterior gastric nerve is formed mainly from the right vagus but contains fibers from the left vagus nerve. (medscape.com)
- During dissection of the right lobe, the right ILN which has nonrecurrent course arising directly from cervical vagus nerve is identified and fully isolated until its laryngeal entry. (hindawi.com)
- The nerve is fully isolated from its originating point on the vagus nerve until its laryngeal entry. (hindawi.com)
- The auricular branch of the vagus nerve is a sensory nerve emerging from the superior ganglion of the vagus nerve, joined by branches from the glossopharyngeal (CN IX) and facial nerves, and innervating the lower part of the tympanic membrane and the floor of the external auditory canal. (tabers.com)
- Continuous vagal nerve monitoring (C-IONM) has been used as a means to monitor for the earliest signs of RLN injury, but has been reported to cause complications related to the dissection of the vagus nerve, circumferential placement of the electrode around the vagus nerve, traction injury to the vagus nerve, and unpopularity with its feasibility ( 4 , 5 ). (amegroups.com)
- ICD-10-PCS code 00XL4ZQ for Transfer Abducens Nerve to Vagus Nerve, Percutaneous Endoscopic Approach is a medical classification as listed by CMS under Central Nervous System and Cranial Nerves range. (aapc.com)
- The superior laryngeal nerve is a branch of the vagus nerve. (wikipedia.org)
- It arises from the middle of the inferior ganglion of vagus nerve and in its course receives a branch from the superior cervical ganglion of the sympathetic nervous system. (wikipedia.org)
- In (b)(6) 2005, i had a vagus nerve stimulator implanted for treatment resistant depression by a dr (b)(6) at (b)(6) medical center in (b)(6). (fda.gov)
- Two months later, another vagus nerve stimulator was implanted by the same surgeon, who damaged my recurrent laryngeal nerve, leaving me unable to speak for a year. (fda.gov)
- And i will file another report concerning severe sleep apnea caused by the second vagus nerve stimulator (which i cured in (b)(6) 2013 by having to demand that the neurologist adjusting the settings on the device turn it off, after suffering significant sleep apnea even on a bipap machine. (fda.gov)
- Vns had no effect on my depression at the time, but the second vagus nerve stimulator nearly caused me to commit suicide because it was causing sleep apnea with an apnea hypoxia index of 47. (fda.gov)
- On (b)(6) 2006, i had a second vagus nerve stimulator implanted for treatment-resistant depression after the first one had to be removed in (b)(6) 2006, because the surgeon infected me with (b)(6) while the first stimulator was implanted (i have submitted a report concerning that adverse event already). (fda.gov)
- The settings on the vagus nerve stimulator as of (b)(6) 2011 were: parameters output current (ma): 1. (fda.gov)
- On that date, i brought several studies to my neurologist's office that proved indisputably that vagus nerve stimulation causes severe sleep apnea, severe exacerbation of depression and cardiac arrest during sleep. (fda.gov)
- I weighed approximately (b)(6) pounds in (b)(6) 2011, as opposed to my weight listed in two other reports related to implantation of this device and a prior implantation of a vagus nerve stimulator. (fda.gov)
- Perhaps the most memorable scene involved the dissection of the recurrent laryngeal nerve: the branch of the vagus nerve that travels from the brain to the larynx. (scienceblogs.com)
Thyroidectomy26
- This textbook is designed to deliver a comprehensive up-to-date review of all aspects of recurrent laryngeal nerve and superior laryngeal nerve anatomy including surgically important anatomy, key strategic surgical maneuvers, state-of-the-art neural monitoring, preservation of recurrent and superior laryngeal nerves during thyroidectomy and surgical management. (springer.com)
- Lahey FH (1938) Routine dissection and demonstration of the recurrent laryngeal nerve in subtotal thyroidectomy. (springer.com)
- Riddell VH (1956) Injury to recurrent laryngeal nerves during thyroidectomy-a comparison between the results of identification and non-identification in 1022 nerves exposed to risk. (springer.com)
- An enlarged ZT (grade 3) displacing RLN may increase injury risk to the nerve during total thyroidectomy. (hindawi.com)
- In 1938, Lahey from Boston reported a significantly lower incidence of RLN injuries following thyroidectomy with dissection and visualization of the nerves as compared to operations without nerve identification. (clinicaltrials.gov)
- Recurrent laryngeal nerve palsy after thyroidectomy with routine identification of the recurrent laryngeal nerve. (springer.com)
- Outcome with immediate direct anastomosis of recurrent laryngeal nerves injured during thyroidectomy. (springer.com)
- Lee SW, Park KN, Oh SK, Jung C, Mok J, Kim C. Long-term efficacy of primary intraoperative recurrent laryngeal nerve reinnervation in the management of thyroidectomy-related unilateral vocal fold paralysis. (springer.com)
- Recurrent laryngeal nerve injury and preservation in thyroidectomy. (thefreedictionary.com)
- To study the risk of hypocalcaemia due to recurrent laryngeal nerves (RLNs) dissection during total thyroidectomy for benign multinodular goitre (MNG). (jcdr.net)
- Objectives: We aim to evaluate the rates of recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) injury after thyroidectomy and to put forward the factors influencing the risk of RLN injury during thyroid surgery. (gazi.edu.tr)
- The present study aimed to determine the voice outcomes before and after the administration of voice therapy in patients who suffered an injury to the recurrent laryngeal nerve after undergoing thyroidectomy. (ac.ir)
- The sample consisted of 26 patients (2 males and 24 females) aged between 18 and 80 years (m=55±12) who experienced injury to the recurrent laryngeal nerve following thyroidectomy that was used to treat a thyroid gland disease. (ac.ir)
- Laryngeal symptoms are known to often accompany thyroidectomy procedures. (ac.ir)
- Laryngeal vocal and endoscopic alterations after thyroidectomy under local anesthesia and hypnosedation. (ac.ir)
- Objective: To study factors related to recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) paralysis, a major complication of thyroidectomy. (mahidol.ac.th)
- OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS: Continuous intraoperative nerve monitoring (CIONM) during thyroidectomy is promising technology that may reduce the incidence of recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) injuries. (henryford.com)
- Introduction: The objective of the study was to assess the mechanism of recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) injury during video-assisted thyroidectomy (VAT). (elsevier.com)
- Introduction: The aim of this study was to assess the complication rates of total thyroidectomy in a regional hospital setting in Denmark for permanent hypoparathyroidism, recurrent laryngeal nerve palsy and post-operative bleeding. (ugeskriftet.dk)
- Background: The aetiology of recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) neurapraxia is unclear in most RLN palsies post-thyroidectomy. (monash.edu)
- Intraoperative laryngeal nerve monitoring during thyroidectomy. (medscape.com)
- What is the role of intraoperative nerve monitoring in thyroidectomy? (medscape.com)
- Choby et al describes normative values for in-situ nerve stimulation pre and post thyroidectomy. (medscape.com)
- This can have an impact on surgical management of patients undergoing total thyroidectomy for a benign condition, should one nerve not stimulate well during the case. (medscape.com)
- Exclusive real-time monitoring during recurrent laryngeal nerve dissection in conventional monitored thyroidectomy. (amegroups.com)
- published a novel and provocative article in Kaohsiung Journal of Medical Sciences entitled " Exclusive real-time monitoring during recurrent laryngeal nerve dissection in conventional monitored thyroidectomy ", that examines the benefits of intraoperative nerve monitoring during thyroidectomy with a new potential to continuously monitor the recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) with minimal risk. (amegroups.com)
Palsy37
- Recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) palsy ranks among the leading reasons for medicolegal litigation of surgeons because of its attendant reduction in quality of life. (springer.com)
- Recurrent laryngeal nerve palsy rates (RLNPR) varied widely after thyroid surgery, ranging from 0%-7.1% for transient RLN palsy to 0%-11% for permanent RLN palsy. (springer.com)
- Recuurent laryngeal nerve palsy rates tended to be lower with IONM than without it, but this difference was not statistically significant. (springer.com)
- Jatzko GR, Lisborg PH, Müller MG et al (1994) Recurrent nerve palsy after thyroid operations-principal nerve identification and a literature review. (springer.com)
- But even in the most experienced hands RLN palsy occurs occasionally, with an average frequency below 1% of nerves at risk due to variability in RLNs anatomy and difficulties in nerve identification by visual or palpation control in challenging conditions (e.g. advanced thyroid malignancy or reoperative thyroid surgery). (clinicaltrials.gov)
- As such, recurrent laryngeal nerve palsy should not only result in paralysis of the true vocal cord or thyroarytenoid muscle but also in a similar change in the PCA muscle. (ajnr.org)
- The ability of CT and MR imaging to depict denervation atrophy in the PCA muscle in patients with recurrent laryngeal nerve palsy was evaluated. (ajnr.org)
- Atrophy of the PCA muscle may be commonly documented on CT and MR studies in patients with recurrent laryngeal nerve palsy and vocal cord paralysis, and therefore should be part of the constellation of imaging features of vocal cord paralysis. (ajnr.org)
- BACKGROUND: Iatrogenic hypoglossal nerve palsy and Tapia Syndrome occurring during intubation with the use of a laryngeal mask airway (LMA) cuff have rarely been reported in literature. (neurology.org)
- CONCLUSION: This case highlights hypoglossal and recurrent laryngeal nerve palsy occurring without direct transection during surgery, a potentially preventable complication with careful attention to reducing compression of the lateral tongue base and larynx during intubation. (neurology.org)
- In patients presenting with persistent hoarseness due to left recurrent laryngeal nerve (LRLN) palsy and an abnormal left hilum on chest radiographs, a major cause is bronchogenic carcinoma. (bjcardio.co.uk)
- In each case, the LRLN palsy was in fact due to direct compression of the nerve by an aortic aneurysm. (bjcardio.co.uk)
- Such injury results in temporary or permanent recurrent laryngeal nerve palsy (RLNP), which manifests as hoarseness in unilateral injury or life-threatening acute airway obstruction in bilateral injury. (thefreedictionary.com)
- Very rarely, thoracic aortic aneurysm can cause Phrenic Nerve (PN) palsy causing hemidiaphragm paralysis. (jcdr.net)
- Damage to this nerve can result in a temporary or permanent palsy, which is associated with vocal cord paresis or paralysis. (nih.gov)
- Damage to the recurrent laryngeal nerve causes laryngeal palsy - paralysis of the larynx - on the affected side and can result from diseases inside the chest such as a tumor or an aneurysm of the arch of the aorta. (enacademic.com)
- Recurrent laryngeal nerve palsy is rare and has not been reported in association with a foreign body in the thoracic oesophagus. (biomedcentral.com)
- Delayed diagnosis led to a recurrent laryngeal nerve palsy, which persisted despite successful surgical removal of the foreign body. (biomedcentral.com)
- Recurrent laryngeal nerve palsy may indicate impending perforation and should prompt urgent evaluation and treatment. (biomedcentral.com)
- We report a case of an impacted dental plate in the thoracic oesophagus presenting with recurrent laryngeal nerve palsy that was safely removed by thoracotomy one year after ingestion. (biomedcentral.com)
- Repeat flexible laryngoscopy demonstrated left recurrent laryngeal nerve palsy and he was referred for urgent computed tomography of the neck and chest. (biomedcentral.com)
- At follow up, his swallowing had returned to normal, but he had a persistent hoarse voice due to recurrent laryngeal nerve palsy, for which he has been referred for injection laryngoplasty. (biomedcentral.com)
- Conclusions: RLN palsy still occurs with routine endoscopic identification of the nerve, even combined with LNM. (elsevier.com)
- Conclusion: The incidence of recurrent laryngeal nerve palsy was similar to that reported in other published studies. (ugeskriftet.dk)
- The main causes of concern in thyroid surgery are chronic hypoparathyroidism and recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) palsy. (ugeskriftet.dk)
- They also note that nerve monitoring does not reduce the rate of RLN palsy. (medscape.com)
- The timing of the events and the computed tomography scan results strongly support the conclusion that the left recurrent laryngeal nerve was injured during insertion of the Hickman line, resulting in a left adductor vocal cord palsy. (biomedcentral.com)
- Several studies have documented that routine identification of the RLN with IONM has decreased the rates of permanent RLN palsy It is not designed to visualize the recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN), but to allow intra-operative assessment of RLN function as well as to establish a prognosis in patients developing RLN paralysis. (clinicaltrials.gov)
- Main outcome measures Presence of two permanent major complications (recurrent laryngeal nerve palsy or hypoparathyroidism), six months after thyroid surgery. (bmj.com)
- Overall rates of recurrent laryngeal nerve palsy and hypoparathyroidism were 2.08% (95% confidence interval 1.53% to 2.67%) and 2.69% (2.10% to 3.31%), respectively. (bmj.com)
- In a multivariate analysis, 20 years or more of practice was associated with increased probability of both recurrent laryngeal nerve palsy (odds ratio 3.06 (1.07 to 8.80), P=0.04) and hypoparathyroidism (7.56 (1.79 to 31.99), P=0.01). (bmj.com)
- A superior laryngeal nerve palsy changes the pitch of the voice and causes an inability to make explosive sounds due to paralysis of the cricothyroid muscle. (wikipedia.org)
- Ortner's syndrome is a rare cardiovocal syndrome and refers to recurrent laryngeal nerve palsy from cardiovascular disease. (wikipedia.org)
- This correlation between hoarseness of voice and cardiac anatomic pathology was first described by Dr. Norbert Ortner in 1897 after he observed left recurrent laryngeal nerve palsy (LRLN) in three patients with left atrial enlargement secondary to mitral valve stenosis. (wikipedia.org)
- The definition of Ortner's syndrome has since then expanded to encompass all possible causes of left recurrent laryngeal nerve palsy with cardiac etiologies. (wikipedia.org)
- Due to its low frequency of occurrence, more common causes of hoarseness should be considered when suspecting left recurrent laryngeal nerve palsy (LRLN). (wikipedia.org)
- Recurrent nerve palsy in patient with mitral stenosis. (wikipedia.org)
Paralysis19
- Damage to the right recurrent laryngeal nerve causes changes to normal phonation as a result of unilateral paralysis to the vocal fold, in this case the right vocal fold (Benumof, & Hagberg, 2007). (prezi.com)
- Dralle H, Sekulla C, Haerting J et al (2004) Risk factors of paralysis and functional outcome after recurrent laryngeal nerve monitoring in thyroid surgery. (springer.com)
- Recurrent laryngeal nerve paralysis: Current concepts and treatment: Part III--Surgical options. (thefreelibrary.com)
- Hartl DM, Travagli J, Leboulleux S, Baudin E, Brasnu DF, Schlumberger M. Current concepts in the management of unilateral recurrent laryngeal nerve paralysis after thyroid surgery. (springer.com)
- Each study was also reviewed for the presence or absence of other features of vocal cord paralysis: thyroarytenoid muscle atrophy, anteromedial deviation of the arytenoid cartilage, an enlarged piriform sinus and laryngeal ventricle, and a paramedian cord. (ajnr.org)
- The imaging features of vocal cord paralysis include atrophy of the thyroarytenoid muscle, anteromedial deviation of the arytenoid cartilage, enlarged laryngeal ventricle, enlarged piriform sinus, and a paramedian vocal cord (1-3) . (ajnr.org)
- We, as otolaryngologists, care about anterior cervical spine surgery because the most common complication is temporary or permanent recurrent largyngeal nerve paralysis, or paresis, recorded in the literature, anywhere from 1 to 24 percent, Dr. Bellapianta said. (enttoday.org)
- Hoarseness due to left Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve (RLN) paralysis caused by identifiable cardiovascular disease has been described as Ortner's syndrome or Cardiovocal syndrome. (jcdr.net)
- Galen is said to have first described the clinical syndrome of recurrent laryngeal nerve paralysis. (wikia.org)
- Vocal fold paralysis may be bilateral or unilateral and is typically caused by nerve involvement of the recurrent laryngeal nerve and, less commonly, the superior laryngeal nerve. (bbivar.com)
- The location and type of the injury along the nerve pathway will determine the type of paralysis and the resultant voice quality. (bbivar.com)
- Nerve weakness or paralysis. (royalmarsden.nhs.uk)
- This represents a preliminary step in the development of an alternative approach to the patient with bilateral recurrent laryngeal nerve paralysis. (uthscsa.edu)
- The number of two-stage surgeries, the rates of recurrent laryngeal nerve paralysis (RLNP) as well as hypocalcemia, and the long-term survival were assessed. (nih.gov)
- Recurrent laryngeal nerve paralysis (RLNP) is a frequent and serious complication following esophageal cancer surgery. (fujita-hu.ac.jp)
- Recurrent laryngeal nerve paralysis in the presence of a thyromegaly is considered to be caused by a thyroid malignancy unless proven otherwise. (bvsalud.org)
- Recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) paralysis is mainly associated with esophagectomy, and it may result in not only other morbidities, such as aspiration pneumonia, but also in long-term issues. (elsevier.com)
- Here we present a patient with concurrent hypoglossal and recurrent laryngeal nerve paralysis after rhinoplasty. (ac.ir)
- Right hypoglossal nerve paralysis was also detected during physical cranial nerve function tests. (ac.ir)
Larynx14
- The recurrent laryngeal nerves supply sensation to the larynx below the vocal cords, gives cardiac branches to the deep cardiac plexus, and branches to the trachea, esophagus and the inferior constrictor muscles. (wikipedia.org)
- The vagus nerves run down into the thorax, and the recurrent laryngeal nerves run up to the larynx. (wikipedia.org)
- Unlike the other nerves supplying the larynx, the right and left RLNs lack bilateral symmetry. (wikipedia.org)
- The posterior cricoarytenoid (PCA) muscle is one of the intrinsic muscles of the larynx innervated by the recurrent laryngeal nerve. (ajnr.org)
- This has been attributed to pressure neuropathy of the nerves during inflation of the endotracheal cuff within the larynx. (neurology.org)
- Eventually, each recurrent laryngeal nerve enters the larynx between the inferior cornu of the thyroid cartilage and the arch of the cricoid, branching after laryngeal penetration in two-thirds of cases. (thefreedictionary.com)
- How difficult would it be to genetically re-engineer a giraffe (or a human) so that the recurrent laryngeal nerve passes directly from the brain to the larynx? (eternalvigilance.me)
- In human beings this nerve now travels from the brain, down the neck, into the chest and around the aortic arch, before heading back up the neck to the larynx. (tutsplus.com)
- In addition to extralaryngeal branching and nonrecurrent laryngeal nerves, an unreported variation was identified in 44 RLNs (1.04%) at their entries into the larynx. (elsevier.com)
- The recurrent laryngeal nerve gets its name from the fact that it loops below the aorta on its way to the intrinsic muscles of the larynx. (wikipedia.org)
- The left recurrent laryngeal nerve passes under and around the aorta on its way to the larynx, whereas the right recurrent laryngeal nerve passes under and around the subclavian artery. (wikipedia.org)
- It descends to the thyrohyoid membrane, piercing it in company with the superior laryngeal artery, and is distributed to the mucous membrane of the larynx. (wikipedia.org)
- Above the vocal folds the sensory innervation of the larynx is via the internal laryngeal nerve. (wikipedia.org)
- The inferior laryngeal artery climbs the trachea to the back part of the larynx under cover of the inferior pharyngeal constrictor muscle . (wikipedia.org)
Surgery45
- Case 4: Damage to the Right Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve resulting from Thoracic Outlet Syndrome (TOS) Surgery. (prezi.com)
- Lamade W, Renz K, Willeke F et al (1999) Effect of training on the incidence of nerve damage in thyroid surgery. (springer.com)
- Hermann M, Alk G, Roka R et al (2002) Laryngeal recurrent nerve injury in surgery for benign thyroid diseases. (springer.com)
- Intraoperative neuromonitoring information has significant implications for surgical management of the injured or invaded recurrent laryngeal nerve and informs strategy with respect to staging of bilateral surgery. (nih.gov)
- Some recent studies have shown that intraoperative neuromonitoring (IONM) can aid the recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) identification during thyroid surgery. (clinicaltrials.gov)
- Apart from hypoparathyroidism, dysfunction of the recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) is the most common complication following thyroid surgery. (clinicaltrials.gov)
- Recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) injury is one of the severe complications induced by thyroid surgery. (plos.org)
- In high vagal nerve resection (in skull base surgery, for example), symptoms are often severe and chances of spontaneous recovery are extremely low. (thefreelibrary.com)
- Lynch J, Parameswaran R. Management of unilateral recurrent laryngeal nerve injury after thyroid surgery: a review. (springer.com)
- Sanuki T, Yumuto E, Minoda R, Kodama N. The role of immediate recurrent laryngeal nerve reconstruction for thyroid cancer surgery. (springer.com)
- To assess the effects of intraoperative neuromonitoring (IONM) versus visual nerve identification for prevention of recurrent laryngeal nerve injury in adults undergoing thyroid surgery. (cochrane.org)
- Cirocchi R, D'Andrea V, Arezzo A, Abraha I, Passera R, Avenia N, Randolph J, Barczyñski M. Intraoperative neuromonitoring versus visual nerve identification for prevention of recurrent laryngeal nerve injury in adults undergoing thyroid surgery. (cochrane.org)
- Patients who had IONM during the procedure (n = 1481) were compared with patients who underwent surgery with nerve visualization alone (n = 1075). (ovid.com)
- BACKGROUND: Patients who undergo surgery to the esophagus and lungs are in jeopardy of recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) damage during the procedure. (uzh.ch)
- Serpell, "Role of intra-operative neural monitoring of the recurrent laryngeal nerve during thyroid surgery," ANZ Journal of Surgery, vol. (thefreedictionary.com)
- PHOENIX-The right recurrent laryngeal nerve showed greater stimulation than the left during anterior cervical spine surgery on 40 patients, researchers have shown in a study intended to promote greater understanding and prevention of damage to the recurrent nerve during the procedure. (enttoday.org)
- Researchers at Albany Medical Center in New York said the findings indicate that the right recurrent laryngeal nerve might be at a higher risk of injury during the surgery. (enttoday.org)
- The right recurrent laryngeal nerve does show greater stimulation during the surgery, said Karen Bellapianta, MD, who presented the findings at the 130th Annual Meeting of the American Laryngological Association, conducted as part of the Combined Otolaryngology Spring Meeting. (enttoday.org)
- Purpose: Traction is the most common cause of injury to the recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) in endocrine neck surgery. (uib.no)
- Injuries to the recurrent inferior laryngeal nerve (RILN) remain one of the major post-operative complications after thyroid and parathyroid surgery. (nih.gov)
- Visual identification of the RILN is a common procedure to prevent nerve injury during thyroid and parathyroid surgery. (nih.gov)
- Recently, intraoperative neuromonitoring (IONM) has been introduced in order to facilitate the localisation of the nerves and to prevent their injury during surgery. (nih.gov)
- We included randomised controlled trials (RCTs) comparing IONM nerve identification plus visual nerve identification versus visual nerve identification alone for prevention of RILN injury in adults undergoing thyroid surgery DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: Two review authors independently screened titles and abstracts for relevance. (nih.gov)
- The nerve is best known for its importance in thyroid surgery, as it runs immediately posterior to this gland. (blogspot.com)
- The right recurrent laryngeal nerve is more susceptible to damage during thyroid surgery due to its relatively medial location. (wikia.org)
- If 'bruised', the nerve does not work properly after surgery but recovers and returns to normal during the subsequent few days or weeks. (royalmarsden.nhs.uk)
- Visual identification of recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) is considered as a gold standard of RLN preservation during thyroid surgery. (kjhno.org)
- The value of neurostimulation and intraoperative nerve monitoring of inferior laryngeal nerve in thyroid surgery. (medscape.com)
- Choby G, Hollenbeak CS, Johnson S, Goldenberg D. Surface electrode recurrent laryngeal nerve monitoring during thyroid surgery: normative values. (medscape.com)
- Although strong anatomic knowledge is a prerequisite to any surgery, the use of intraoperative nerve monitoring allows for an intraoperative assessment of nerve function prior to removing the gland, immediately after removing the gland, and just prior to closure of the surgical site. (medscape.com)
- This case report illustrates an unusual example of iatrogenic injury to the recurrent laryngeal nerve, an injury that is usually associated with thyroid, parathyroid, aortic, oesophageal or carotid endarterectomy surgery. (biomedcentral.com)
- Objectives: We aimed to highlight a new anatomical variation of the recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN), and to emphasize its implications for thyroid surgery. (elsevier.com)
- Intra operative Nerve Monitoring ( IONM ) is rapidly becoming the standard of care for thyroid surgery to prevent injury to the recurrent laryngeal nerve. (clinicaltrials.gov)
- Early laryngeal cancer can be treatment by laser surgery or radiotherapy, intermediate and advanced laryngeal carcinoma mainly surgical treatment. (bioportfolio.com)
- The intention of this study is to compare the performance of the single-use I-gel laryngeal mask with the classic laryngeal mask in 50 patients with a BMI>25 during elective surgery. (bioportfolio.com)
- As the inferior (or recurrent) laryngeal nerve (ILN or RLN) is the most important structure in terms of complication, anatomic variations of the nerve may threat the safety of the thyroid surgery. (hindawi.com)
- With more than 155 peer-reviewed publications, Dr. Randolph has focused the bulk of his research on recurrent laryngeal nerve anatomy, preservation, and monitoring during thyroid cancer surgery, with a concentration on the importance of laryngeal exams, the recognition of lymph node metastasis, and revision cancer surgery. (massgeneral.org)
- A clear operative view of the middle and lower mediastinum is possible in prone position during video-assisted thorocoscopic surgery of esophagus (VATS-E), but the working space in the upper mediastinum is limited and lymph node dissection along the left recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) is difficult in this position. (amegroups.com)
- The use of recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) monitoring may provide added reassurance during performance of thyroid surgery, however, its superiority over nerve visualization alone has not been conclusively proven. (multilearning.com)
- Continuous intraoperative neuromonitoring (CIONM) of the RLN during thyroid surgery allows the surgeon to assess impending neurophysiologic injury to the nerve by measuring amplitude and latency changes which may be able to predict impending vocal fold weakness without evidence of RLN injury anatomically ( 1 ). (amegroups.com)
- You Do Spine Surgery and Don't Monitor Nerves? (spine-health.com)
- Indeed, most spine and neuro surgeons don't realize how much nerve irritation there is in spine surgery. (spine-health.com)
- When the surgery calls for significant nerve manipulation, particularly cervical or cranial, the data is just unequivocal. (spine-health.com)
- Allen's own data from roughly 40,000 cases (collected by his group) points to a clear advantage to those surgeons who use nerve monitoring during surgery. (spine-health.com)
- Over the past twenty years, team members of the Mass General Center for Laryngeal Surgery & Voice Rehabilitation have designed, developed and perfected many surgical procedures now currently in use to enhance the treatment of benign and malignant laryngeal and pharyngeal disease. (massgeneral.org)
Anatomy7
- The book is visually oriented with color illustrations and photomicrographs embracing all aspects of recurrent laryngeal nerve anatomy including branching patterns, relationship of the nerve and the inferior thyroid artery and the non-recurrent recurrent laryngeal nerve. (springer.com)
- The Normal Anatomy of the Right Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve (RRLN). (prezi.com)
- Revisited anatomy of the recurrent laryngeal nerves. (prezi.com)
- We performed a necropsy in an Indian rhinoceros, recapitulating Owen's dissection and display what appear to be the initial identification of the recurrent laryngeal nerve in situ and the anatomy and histology of the largest rhinoceros parathyroid glands yet identified. (paperity.org)
- The study was done to see the relationship of recurrent laryngeal nerves with corresponding inferior thyroid artery with the aim to increase the knowledge regarding variational anatomy in our population . (bvsalud.org)
- The aim of the study is to assess the efficiency and limitations of ultrasound in detecting and characterizing laryngeal anatomy and study of some laryngeal disorders and their ultrasonogr. (bioportfolio.com)
- Anatomy Images Normal Adult Thyroid weighs 20-25g Components Two Lateral lobes Isthmus centrally connects the lobes Near structures Recurrent laryngeal nerve s IV. (tripdatabase.com)
Dissection7
- Intraoperative neuromonitoring (IONM) has been introduced to verify RLN function integrity and may be a helpful adjunct in nerve dissection. (ovid.com)
- The technology of IONM is safe and reliable, and this technique is an important adjunct in nerve dissection and functional neural integrity. (ovid.com)
- Sixty samples were collected as block dissection of thyroid gland along with the surrounding structures containing the supplying vessels and adjacent nerves from 48 male and 12 female cadavers of different age groups and fixed in 10% formol - saline solution . (bvsalud.org)
- Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma has a predilection for frequent metastasis to the recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) lymph node on both sides comparing with esophageal adenocarcinoma ( 2 ), which is a vital yet difficult lymph node dissection point ( 3 ). (amegroups.com)
- The pros and cons to real-time nerve monitoring during recurrent laryngeal nerve dissection: an analysis of the data. (amegroups.com)
- Correctly performed, intraoperative monitoring of nerves can guide the surgeon through dissection. (spine-health.com)
- Aortic dissection More commonly affects the right recurrent laryngeal nerve as the most common type of aortic dissection is type A (Figure 2). (wikipedia.org)
Pharyngeal4
- The recurrent laryngeal nerves are the nerves of the sixth pharyngeal arch. (wikipedia.org)
- The somatic motor fibers that innervate the laryngeal and pharyngeal muscles are located in the nucleus ambiguus and emerge from the medulla in the cranial root of the accessory nerve. (wikipedia.org)
- The external laryngeal nerve gives branches to pharyngeal plexus and the superior portion of the inferior pharyngeal constrictor, and communicates with the superior cardiac nerve behind the common carotid artery. (wikipedia.org)
- The branches of the inferior thyroid artery are the inferior laryngeal, the oesophageal, the tracheal, the ascending cervical and the pharyngeal arteries. (wikipedia.org)
Surgical8
- Surgical management of the compromised recurrent laryngeal nerve in thyroid cancer. (nih.gov)
- Surgical management of thyroid cancer requires careful consideration of the recurrent laryngeal nerve and its impact on glottic function. (nih.gov)
- Preoperative clinical evaluation including preoperative laryngoscopy and assessment of recurrent laryngeal nerve risk is essential to formulating a surgical plan and providing appropriate patient counseling. (nih.gov)
- RESULTS: During the surgical procedures, we monitored a nerve signal in all 12 patients. (uzh.ch)
- All patients were followed up for three months to observe adverse reactions, including surgical site infection, recurrent laryngeal nerve injury, parathyroid crisis, hematomas and hoarseness. (thefreedictionary.com)
- Although seemingly rare, cardiothoracic surgeons must consider variations of the left recurrent laryngeal nerve during surgical procedures in the region of the ligamentum arteriosum in order to minimize potential postoperative complications. (utmb.edu)
- This study evaluated the potential for continuous RLN monitoring by monitoring the most proximal portion of the exposed RLN in the surgical field in 208 nerves at risk. (amegroups.com)
- Mass General's Voice Center Research Laboratories are designed to develop novel technologies, biomaterials, devices, and surgical tools for advancing the diagnosis, management and treatment of laryngeal diseases and pathologies that affect voice. (massgeneral.org)
Neck6
- The vagus nerves, from which the recurrent laryngeal nerves branch, exit the skull at the jugular foramen and travel within the carotid sheath alongside the carotid arteries through the neck. (wikipedia.org)
- In humans, this adds a few superfluous inches, but in giraffes, the nerve must travel the entire length of the neck, before turning around and coming back to where it almost started! (infosnacks.com)
- It is referred to as "recurrent" because the branches of the nerve innervate the laryngeal muscles in the neck through a rather circuitous route: they descend down into the thorax before rising up between the trachea and esophagus to reach the neck. (wikia.org)
- Similar problems may also be due to invasion of the nerve by a tumor or after trauma to the neck. (wikia.org)
- Over the course of evolution, as the neck extended and the heart became lower in the body, the laryngeal nerve was caught on the wrong side of the heart. (eternalvigilance.me)
- No mass was demonstrated along the course of the vagus, or recurrent laryngeal nerve, in the neck, or in the superior mediastinum. (biomedcentral.com)
RLNs2
- RLNs were explored at anticipated crossing point of the nerves and the arteries. (hindawi.com)
- The identified RLNs were followed towards their laryngeal entry points. (hindawi.com)
Complications1
- Neurological injuries to the cervical plexus, brachial plexus, vagus, phrenic and recurrent laryngeal nerves are recognized complications of central venous line insertion. (biomedcentral.com)
Laryngoscopy4
- Nerve damage can be assessed by laryngoscopy, during which a stroboscopic light confirms the absence of movement in the affected side of the vocal cords. (blogspot.com)
- Clinical diagnosis of voice pathologies is performed by analyzing audio, color, shape, and vibration patterns of the laryngeal recordings which are taken with medical imaging devices such as video-laryngostroboscope, direct laryngoscopy, and high-speed videoendoscopes. (bioportfolio.com)
- Introduction: Injury to cranial nerves IX, X, and XII is a known complication of laryngoscopy and intubation. (ac.ir)
- Once suspected, performing a laryngoscopy is the first step in identifying damage to the left recurrent laryngeal nerve. (wikipedia.org)
Abstract2
- abstract = "Two cases of a right non-recurrent laryngeal nerve were encountered during the performance of 992 thyroid operations. (elsevier.com)
- abstract = "Variation in the course of the left recurrent laryngeal nerve is seemingly very rare. (utmb.edu)
Hypoglossal2
- OBJECTIVE: We are reporting a case of Tapia's syndrome, a rare iatrogenic complication during intubation involving the hypoglossal nerve and recurrent laryngeal nerve. (neurology.org)
- Hypoglossal and recurrent laryngeal nerve function was completely recovered after 5 and 7 months, respectively, and no complication was remained. (ac.ir)
Parathyroid1
- This appears to be the first display of the rhinoceros recurrent laryngeal nerve in situ, and the parathyroid glands are the largest yet identified in the rhinoceros. (paperity.org)
Cervical2
- The Anatomic Approach, Hoppenfeld and de Boer wrote that the recurrent laryngeal nerve is the most important structure at risk during the [anterior cervical] approach. (enttoday.org)
- The right recurrent laryngeal nerve, identified and photographed in situ for the first time in the rhinoceros, was deep to the inferior thyroid artery and was traced throughout its cervical course. (paperity.org)
IONM10
- As a risk minimization tool, intraoperative nerve monitoring (IONM) has been introduced to verify RLN function integrity intraoperatively. (springer.com)
- These rates did not differ much from those reported for visual nerve identification without the use of IONM. (springer.com)
- Six studies with more than 100 nerves at risk (NAR) each evaluated RLNPR by contrasting IONM with visual nerve identification only. (springer.com)
- Apart from navigating the surgeon through challenging anatomies, IONM may lend itself as a routine adjunct to the gold standard of visual nerve identification. (springer.com)
- IONM permits nerve identification using an electrode, where, in order to measure the nerve response, the electric field is converted to an acoustic signal. (nih.gov)
- Results from this systematic review and meta-analysis indicate that there is currently no conclusive evidence for the superiority or inferiority of IONM over visual nerve identification only on any of the outcomes measured. (nih.gov)
- Considering various nerve injury mechanism, we suggest that using both I-ONM and C-IONM together is more effective method in preventing nerve damage than using I-IONM alone. (kjhno.org)
- Intra Operative Nerve Monitoring ( IONM) is rapidly becoming a standard of care in many institutions across the country. (clinicaltrials.gov)
- Complete functionality of the IONM depends on near total laryngeal relaxation and reflex suppression without the use of neuromuscular blocking agents (NMBAs). (clinicaltrials.gov)
- Where the IONM signal is absent or abnormal, 30-45% of the patients will develop vocal cord dysfunction postoperatively The successful deployment and data analysis from the IONM depends upon the complete laryngeal relaxation and reflex suppression. (clinicaltrials.gov)
Loops around the aorta1
- As the recurrent laryngeal nerve loops around the aorta or subclavian artery, it gives off several cardiac filaments to the deep part of the cardiac plexus. (blogspot.com)
Hoarseness1
- Due to compression of the recurrent laryngeal nerve, it can cause the hoarseness of the voice, which can also be a sign of mitral stenosis. (wikipedia.org)
Esophageal5
- it supplies cardiac, tracheal, and esophageal branches and terminates as the inferior laryngeal nerve. (thefreedictionary.com)
- Recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) lymph node metastasis used to be shown a predictor for poor prognosis in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. (biomedcentral.com)
- Laryngeal and esophageal trauma. (medlineplus.gov)
- The anterior and posterior gastric nerves are then formed from the esophageal plexus. (medscape.com)
- The left ILN has usual recurrent course in the trachea-esophageal groove. (hindawi.com)
Phrenic2
- It descends on the left side of the aortic arch, which separates it from the left pleura, and travels behind the phrenic nerve. (medscape.com)
- Activities of phrenic (Phr) and recurrent laryngeal nerves (RLN) were recorded in response to the alpha 2 agonists clonidine (0.5-3.0 microgram.kg-1 i.v.) or guanabenz (7.0-20.0 micrograms.kg-1 i.v.) in ten chloralose-anesthetized goats. (mcw.edu)
Cranial nerves1
- The remainder of the cranial nerves and neurologic exam was unremarkable. (neurology.org)
Electrode2
- Intraoperative, noninvasive RLN identification and monitoring was performed unilaterally (n = 8) or bilaterally (n = 4) using a handheld stimulator and a laryngeal surface electrode. (uzh.ch)
- Methods: Sixteen Norwegian Landrace pigs were anesthetized and intubated with a tracheal tube with a stick-on laryngeal electrode. (uib.no)
Thorax1
- It's often used as an example of biological evolution's lack of foresight: the nerve originally served the gills of our fish ancestors, but - over many years - as the aorta retracted into the thorax, the nerve was dragged along with it. (infosnacks.com)
Nonrecurrent Inferior Laryn1
- A left nonrecurrent inferior laryngeal nerve is even more uncommon, requiring the aortic arch be on the right side, accompanied by an arterial variant which prevents the nerve from being drawn into the chest by the left subclavian. (wikipedia.org)
Inferior laryngeal nerves1
- Why does adduction instead of abduction of the vocal cords follow section of the inferior laryngeal nerves? (jamanetwork.com)
Branches9
- In this study, in majority of the cases the recurrent laryngeal nerves were found in their usual location that is posterior to the terminal branches of inferior thyroid artery on the left side and anterior to that artery on the right side. (bvsalud.org)
- It was important to note that, on both sides recurrent laryngeal nerves were also frequently found to pass in between the terminal branches of inferior thyroid artery . (bvsalud.org)
- The aortic arch has been cut across and turned somewhat to the left to expose branches of the left recurrent laryngeal nerve. (stanford.edu)
- The anterior superior alveolar nerves, branches of the infraorbital nerve (from CN V2), run in canals in the anterior wall of the maxillary sinus and innervate the upper incisors, canines, premolars, and often part of the first molar. (tabers.com)
- The inferior alveolar nerve (from CN V3) runs in the mandibular canal, giving off branches to the lower teeth and gingivae as it passes. (tabers.com)
- Recurrentlaryngeal nerve (RLN) is related to ITA at lower pole of thyroid and RLN may lie either posterior, anterior orintermingled with terminal branches of ITA. (who.int)
- The superior laryngeal nerve consists of two branches: the internal laryngeal nerve (sensory), which supplies sensory fibers to the laryngeal mucosa, and the external laryngeal nerve (motor), which innervates the cricothyroid muscle. (wikipedia.org)
- The superior laryngeal nerve descends, by the side of the pharynx, behind the internal carotid artery, and divides into two branches -the external laryngeal nerve and the internal laryngeal nerve. (wikipedia.org)
- Below the vocal folds it is by way of branches of the recurrent laryngeal nerve. (wikipedia.org)
Mask airway1
- This trial determines the feasibility of Laryngeal Mask Airway Gastro (Laryngeal Mask Airway) when used on patients who are undergoing endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography for pa. (bioportfolio.com)
Transection1
- Electromyographic and histologic evolution of the recurrent laryngeal nerve from transection and anastomosis to mature reinnervation. (semanticscholar.org)
Superior laryngeal9
- The nerve of the fourth arch gives rise to the superior laryngeal nerve. (wikipedia.org)
- In about four people out of five, there is a connecting branch between the inferior laryngeal nerve, a branch of the RLN, and the internal laryngeal nerve, a branch of the superior laryngeal nerve. (wikipedia.org)
- The nerve splits into anterior and posterior rami before supplying muscles in the voice box - it supplies all laryngeal muscles except for the cricothyroid , which is innervated by the external branch of the superior laryngeal nerve . (wikia.org)
- Injury to the recurrent and/or superior laryngeal nerve. (royalmarsden.nhs.uk)
- The external branch of the superior laryngeal nerve travels close to the vessels feeding the thyroid gland. (royalmarsden.nhs.uk)
- The cricothyroid muscles are innervated by the superior laryngeal nerve. (wikipedia.org)
- By comparison with the recurrent laryngeal nerves, the superior laryngeal nerve takes a more direct route on the way to the cricothyroid muscles. (wikipedia.org)
- Damage to the superior laryngeal nerve leaves the vocal cord abducted and poses an aspiration risk. (wikipedia.org)
- It is accompanied by the recurrent nerve , and supplies the muscles and mucous membrane of this part, anastomosing with the branch from the opposite side, and with the superior laryngeal branch of the superior thyroid artery . (wikipedia.org)
Passes3
- In its abnormal non-recurrent course the nerve passes transversely from under the carotid sheat hand takes a position which is at right-angles to the normal recurrent laryngeal nerve. (elsevier.com)
- We hypothesize that this rare variation may occur, if the left recurrent laryngeal nerve passes inferior to the fifth rather than the sixth aortic arch during embryological development. (utmb.edu)
- [1] The recurrent laryngeal nerve passes upward generally behind, but occasionally in front of, the inferior thyroid artery. (wikipedia.org)
Anatomical7
- Background/objectives: A nonrecurrent laryngeal nerve is a rare anatomical variant and a routine preoperative imaging studies are not indicated. (alliedacademies.org)
- A nonrecurrent laryngeal nerve(NRLN) is a rare anatomical variant and a routine preoperative imaging studies are not indicated. (alliedacademies.org)
- Berry's ligament and the inferior thyroid artery as reliable anatomical landmarks for the recurrent laryngeal nerve. (tripdatabase.com)
- Direct trauma from needle cannulation, in view of the close anatomical relationship of the left recurrent laryngeal nerve with the left subclavian vessels. (biomedcentral.com)
- Anatomical and embryological variations of the inferior laryngeal nerve (ILN), of the thyroid gland itself and unusual relations between ILN and the gland threaten operation security are discussed. (hindawi.com)
- The coincidence of non-recurrent ILN pointed by a ZT is rare anatomical and embryological feature of this case. (hindawi.com)
- The anatomical course of the nerve also increases its susceptibility to injury and many variations have been documented in the literature. (elsevier.com)
Muscles4
- The posterior cricoarytenoid muscles, the only muscles that can open the vocal folds, are innervated by this nerve. (wikipedia.org)
- The posterior auricular nerve is a motor branch of the facial nerve (CN VII) that innervates the posterior and intrinsic auricular muscles. (tabers.com)
- All intrinsic laryngeal muscles except the cricothyroids are innervated by the recurrent laryngeal nerve. (wikipedia.org)
- However, there is no discernible effect on the timing of neural impulses to the muscles these two nerves serve. (wikipedia.org)
Tracheal1
- However the laryngo tracheal reflexes need to be adequately suppressed to permit proper utilization of intra operative nerve monitoring. (clinicaltrials.gov)
Innervates1
- Sometimes there is a middle superior alveolar nerve that innervates the premolars and first molar. (tabers.com)
Posterior3
- Recurrent laryngeal nerve - Nerve: Recurrent laryngeal nerve POSTERIOR VIEW: The tracheobronchial lymph glands (I. and E. Recurrent nerves visible at top. (enacademic.com)
- The posterior superior alveolar nerves (also from CN V2) innervate the rest of the upper molars. (tabers.com)
- They employed epidural measurement of somatosensory evoked potentials (SEPs) in response to stimulation of the posterior tibial nerve. (spine-health.com)
Esophagus4
- After branching, the nerves typically ascend in a groove at the junction of the trachea and esophagus. (wikipedia.org)
- In one patient with lower esophagus carcinoma, a nerve signal could be detected only on one side. (uzh.ch)
- Does recurrent laryngeal nerve lymph node metastasis really affect the prognosis in node-positive patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the middle thoracic esophagus? (biomedcentral.com)
- Among these patients, 26 patients with R1 (microscopic residual disease) or R2 (macroscopic residual disease) resections, 48 patients receiving preoperative therapy (chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy), 8 patients with histories of gastric cancer, 5 patients with synchronous cancers (gastric cancer or laryngeal cancer) and 4 patients with non-squamous cell carcinoma of the middle thoracic esophagus were excluded. (biomedcentral.com)
Endoscopic1
- Inducible laryngeal obstruction: Endoscopic quantitative analysis of glottic aperture. (bioportfolio.com)
Thyroid cancer4
- Improvement in phonation after reconstruction of the recurrent laryngeal nerve in patients with thyroid cancer invading the nerve. (nih.gov)
- Direct anastomosis, free nerve grafting, or anastomosis to the ansa cervicalis or the vagus nerves with the RLN were performed in 7, 14, 65, and 2 patients with thyroid cancer invading the RLN, respectively. (nih.gov)
- The role of ansa-to-recurrent-laryngeal nerve anastomosis in operations for thyroid cancer. (springer.com)
- Miyauchi A, Yokozawa T, Kobayashi K, Hirai K, Matsuzuka F, Kuma K. Opposite ansa cervicalis to recurrent laryngeal nerve anastomosis to restore phonation in patients with advanced thyroid cancer. (springer.com)
Arteries3
- The arteries of the fourth arch, which project between the nerves of the fourth and sixth arches, become the left-sided arch of the aorta and the right subclavian artery. (wikipedia.org)
- During growth, these arteries descend into their ultimate positions in the chest, creating the elongated recurrent paths. (wikipedia.org)
- The inferior thyroid arteries and the recurrent laryngeal nerves were identified with usual lateral approach. (hindawi.com)
Injuries2
- A previous study suggests that NPCs in the ependymal layer can be activated and induced to migrate to the site of damage following peripheral nerve injuries [11] . (plos.org)
- Laryngeal nerve injuries were classified into type 1 injury (segmental) and 2 (diffuse). (elsevier.com)
Aortic3
- The right and left nerves are not symmetrical, with the left nerve looping under the aortic arch, and the right nerve looping under the right subclavian artery then traveling upwards. (wikipedia.org)
- The recurrent laryngeal nerves branch off the vagus, the left at the aortic arch, and the right at the right subclavian artery. (wikipedia.org)
- When considering cardiovocal syndrome, the most common historical cause is a dilated left atrium due to mitral stenosis, but other causes, including pulmonary hypertension, thoracic aortic aneurysms, an enlarged pulmonary artery and aberrant subclavian artery syndrome have been reported compressing the nerve. (wikipedia.org)