Recombination, Genetic
Crossing Over, Genetic
The reciprocal exchange of segments at corresponding positions along pairs of homologous CHROMOSOMES by symmetrical breakage and crosswise rejoining forming cross-over sites (HOLLIDAY JUNCTIONS) that are resolved during CHROMOSOME SEGREGATION. Crossing-over typically occurs during MEIOSIS but it may also occur in the absence of meiosis, for example, with bacterial chromosomes, organelle chromosomes, or somatic cell nuclear chromosomes.
Rad52 DNA Repair and Recombination Protein
V(D)J Recombination
Base Sequence
Meiosis
Molecular Sequence Data
Descriptions of specific amino acid, carbohydrate, or nucleotide sequences which have appeared in the published literature and/or are deposited in and maintained by databanks such as GENBANK, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), National Biomedical Research Foundation (NBRF), or other sequence repositories.
Integrases
DNA Repair
The reconstruction of a continuous two-stranded DNA molecule without mismatch from a molecule which contained damaged regions. The major repair mechanisms are excision repair, in which defective regions in one strand are excised and resynthesized using the complementary base pairing information in the intact strand; photoreactivation repair, in which the lethal and mutagenic effects of ultraviolet light are eliminated; and post-replication repair, in which the primary lesions are not repaired, but the gaps in one daughter duplex are filled in by incorporation of portions of the other (undamaged) daughter duplex. Excision repair and post-replication repair are sometimes referred to as "dark repair" because they do not require light.
Models, Genetic
Rad51 Recombinase
Gene Conversion
The asymmetrical segregation of genes during replication which leads to the production of non-reciprocal recombinant strands and the apparent conversion of one allele into another. Thus, e.g., the meiotic products of an Aa individual may be AAAa or aaaA instead of AAaa, i.e., the A allele has been converted into the a allele or vice versa.
Mutation
DNA Nucleotidyltransferases
Chromosome Mapping
VDJ Recombinases
Plasmids
DNA Breaks, Double-Stranded
DNA-Binding Proteins
Evolution, Molecular
Immunoglobulin Class Switching
Gene rearrangement of the B-lymphocyte which results in a substitution in the type of heavy-chain constant region that is expressed. This allows the effector response to change while the antigen binding specificity (variable region) remains the same. The majority of class switching occurs by a DNA recombination event but it also can take place at the level of RNA processing.
Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Rec A Recombinases
A family of recombinases initially identified in BACTERIA. They catalyze the ATP-driven exchange of DNA strands in GENETIC RECOMBINATION. The product of the reaction consists of a duplex and a displaced single-stranded loop, which has the shape of the letter D and is therefore called a D-loop structure.
Alleles
Attachment Sites, Microbiological
Chromosomes, Fungal
Escherichia coli
A species of gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic, rod-shaped bacteria (GRAM-NEGATIVE FACULTATIVELY ANAEROBIC RODS) commonly found in the lower part of the intestine of warm-blooded animals. It is usually nonpathogenic, but some strains are known to produce DIARRHEA and pyogenic infections. Pathogenic strains (virotypes) are classified by their specific pathogenic mechanisms such as toxins (ENTEROTOXIGENIC ESCHERICHIA COLI), etc.
DNA
A deoxyribonucleotide polymer that is the primary genetic material of all cells. Eukaryotic and prokaryotic organisms normally contain DNA in a double-stranded state, yet several important biological processes transiently involve single-stranded regions. DNA, which consists of a polysugar-phosphate backbone possessing projections of purines (adenine and guanine) and pyrimidines (thymine and cytosine), forms a double helix that is held together by hydrogen bonds between these purines and pyrimidines (adenine to thymine and guanine to cytosine).
Sequence Analysis, DNA
DNA Helicases
Proteins that catalyze the unwinding of duplex DNA during replication by binding cooperatively to single-stranded regions of DNA or to short regions of duplex DNA that are undergoing transient opening. In addition DNA helicases are DNA-dependent ATPases that harness the free energy of ATP hydrolysis to translocate DNA strands.
Immunoglobulin Joining Region
A segment of the immunoglobulin heavy chains, encoded by the IMMUNOGLOBULIN HEAVY CHAIN GENES in the J segment where, during the maturation of B-LYMPHOCYTES; the gene segment for the variable region upstream is joined to a constant region gene segment downstream. The exact position of joining of the two gene segments is variable and contributes to ANTIBODY DIVERSITY. It is distinguished from the IMMUNOGLOBULIN J CHAINS; a separate polypeptide that serves as a linkage piece in polymeric IGA or IGM.
DNA Damage
Injuries to DNA that introduce deviations from its normal, intact structure and which may, if left unrepaired, result in a MUTATION or a block of DNA REPLICATION. These deviations may be caused by physical or chemical agents and occur by natural or unnatural, introduced circumstances. They include the introduction of illegitimate bases during replication or by deamination or other modification of bases; the loss of a base from the DNA backbone leaving an abasic site; single-strand breaks; double strand breaks; and intrastrand (PYRIMIDINE DIMERS) or interstrand crosslinking. Damage can often be repaired (DNA REPAIR). If the damage is extensive, it can induce APOPTOSIS.
Genetic Markers
Crosses, Genetic
Genes, RAG-1
Exodeoxyribonucleases
Genetic Linkage
Gene Rearrangement
Immunoglobulin Switch Region
A site located in the INTRONS at the 5' end of each constant region segment of a immunoglobulin heavy-chain gene where recombination (or rearrangement) occur during IMMUNOGLOBULIN CLASS SWITCHING. Ig switch regions are found on genes encoding all five classes (IMMUNOGLOBULIN ISOTYPES) of IMMUNOGLOBULIN HEAVY CHAINS.
Chromosomes
Repetitive Sequences, Nucleic Acid
Sequences of DNA or RNA that occur in multiple copies. There are several types: INTERSPERSED REPETITIVE SEQUENCES are copies of transposable elements (DNA TRANSPOSABLE ELEMENTS or RETROELEMENTS) dispersed throughout the genome. TERMINAL REPEAT SEQUENCES flank both ends of another sequence, for example, the long terminal repeats (LTRs) on RETROVIRUSES. Variations may be direct repeats, those occurring in the same direction, or inverted repeats, those opposite to each other in direction. TANDEM REPEAT SEQUENCES are copies which lie adjacent to each other, direct or inverted (INVERTED REPEAT SEQUENCES).
Gene Targeting
Bacteriophage lambda
Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid
Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins
Exodeoxyribonuclease V
Synaptonemal Complex
Restriction Mapping
Recombinational DNA Repair
DNA, Single-Stranded
DNA, Cruciform
Endodeoxyribonucleases
Selection, Genetic
DNA Transposable Elements
Discrete segments of DNA which can excise and reintegrate to another site in the genome. Most are inactive, i.e., have not been found to exist outside the integrated state. DNA transposable elements include bacterial IS (insertion sequence) elements, Tn elements, the maize controlling elements Ac and Ds, Drosophila P, gypsy, and pogo elements, the human Tigger elements and the Tc and mariner elements which are found throughout the animal kingdom.
Cloning, Molecular
Blotting, Southern
Gene Deletion
Amino Acid Sequence
Chromosome Inversion
Gene Rearrangement, B-Lymphocyte
Polymerase Chain Reaction
In vitro method for producing large amounts of specific DNA or RNA fragments of defined length and sequence from small amounts of short oligonucleotide flanking sequences (primers). The essential steps include thermal denaturation of the double-stranded target molecules, annealing of the primers to their complementary sequences, and extension of the annealed primers by enzymatic synthesis with DNA polymerase. The reaction is efficient, specific, and extremely sensitive. Uses for the reaction include disease diagnosis, detection of difficult-to-isolate pathogens, mutation analysis, genetic testing, DNA sequencing, and analyzing evolutionary relationships.
Genotype
Nucleic Acid Heteroduplexes
Double-stranded nucleic acid molecules (DNA-DNA or DNA-RNA) which contain regions of nucleotide mismatches (non-complementary). In vivo, these heteroduplexes can result from mutation or genetic recombination; in vitro, they are formed by nucleic acid hybridization. Electron microscopic analysis of the resulting heteroduplexes facilitates the mapping of regions of base sequence homology of nucleic acids.
Chromosomes, Bacterial
Sister Chromatid Exchange
An exchange of segments between the sister chromatids of a chromosome, either between the sister chromatids of a meiotic tetrad or between the sister chromatids of a duplicated somatic chromosome. Its frequency is increased by ultraviolet and ionizing radiation and other mutagenic agents and is particularly high in BLOOM SYNDROME.
Diploidy
Endonucleases
RecQ Helicases
A family of structurally-related DNA helicases that play an essential role in the maintenance of genome integrity. RecQ helicases were originally discovered in E COLI and are highly conserved across both prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms. Genetic mutations that result in loss of RecQ helicase activity gives rise to disorders that are associated with CANCER predisposition and premature aging.
Haploidy
DNA Repair Enzymes
Genomic Instability
Phenotype
Genetic Vectors
DNA molecules capable of autonomous replication within a host cell and into which other DNA sequences can be inserted and thus amplified. Many are derived from PLASMIDS; BACTERIOPHAGES; or VIRUSES. They are used for transporting foreign genes into recipient cells. Genetic vectors possess a functional replicator site and contain GENETIC MARKERS to facilitate their selective recognition.
Transformation, Genetic
Nuclear Proteins
DNA Primers
Sequence Alignment
The arrangement of two or more amino acid or base sequences from an organism or organisms in such a way as to align areas of the sequences sharing common properties. The degree of relatedness or homology between the sequences is predicted computationally or statistically based on weights assigned to the elements aligned between the sequences. This in turn can serve as a potential indicator of the genetic relatedness between the organisms.
DNA, Recombinant
Genes, Immunoglobulin
Genes encoding the different subunits of the IMMUNOGLOBULINS, for example the IMMUNOGLOBULIN LIGHT CHAIN GENES and the IMMUNOGLOBULIN HEAVY CHAIN GENES. The heavy and light immunoglobulin genes are present as gene segments in the germline cells. The completed genes are created when the segments are shuffled and assembled (B-LYMPHOCYTE GENE REARRANGEMENT) during B-LYMPHOCYTE maturation. The gene segments of the human light and heavy chain germline genes are symbolized V (variable), J (joining) and C (constant). The heavy chain germline genes have an additional segment D (diversity).
Mutagenesis, Insertional
Mutagenesis where the mutation is caused by the introduction of foreign DNA sequences into a gene or extragenic sequence. This may occur spontaneously in vivo or be experimentally induced in vivo or in vitro. Proviral DNA insertions into or adjacent to a cellular proto-oncogene can interrupt GENETIC TRANSLATION of the coding sequences or interfere with recognition of regulatory elements and cause unregulated expression of the proto-oncogene resulting in tumor formation.
Immunoglobulin Variable Region
That region of the immunoglobulin molecule that varies in its amino acid sequence and composition, and comprises the binding site for a specific antigen. It is located at the N-terminus of the Fab fragment of the immunoglobulin. It includes hypervariable regions (COMPLEMENTARITY DETERMINING REGIONS) and framework regions.
Mutagenesis
Haplotypes
Nucleic Acid Conformation
Chromosome Breakage
Linkage Disequilibrium
Genetics, Population
Deoxyribonucleases, Type II Site-Specific
Enzyme systems containing a single subunit and requiring only magnesium for endonucleolytic activity. The corresponding modification methylases are separate enzymes. The systems recognize specific short DNA sequences and cleave either within, or at a short specific distance from, the recognition sequence to give specific double-stranded fragments with terminal 5'-phosphates. Enzymes from different microorganisms with the same specificity are called isoschizomers. EC 3.1.21.4.
Ultraviolet Rays
That portion of the electromagnetic spectrum immediately below the visible range and extending into the x-ray frequencies. The longer wavelengths (near-UV or biotic or vital rays) are necessary for the endogenous synthesis of vitamin D and are also called antirachitic rays; the shorter, ionizing wavelengths (far-UV or abiotic or extravital rays) are viricidal, bactericidal, mutagenic, and carcinogenic and are used as disinfectants.
Transposases
Enzymes that recombine DNA segments by a process which involves the formation of a synapse between two DNA helices, the cleavage of single strands from each DNA helix and the ligation of a DNA strand from one DNA helix to the other. The resulting DNA structure is called a Holliday junction which can be resolved by DNA REPLICATION or by HOLLIDAY JUNCTION RESOLVASES.
B-Lymphocytes
Biological Evolution
Mitosis
Methyl Methanesulfonate
Immunoglobulin Heavy Chains
Schizosaccharomyces
Bacteriophage P1
Telomere
VDJ Exons
Nondisjunction, Genetic
Genetic Engineering
Polymorphism, Genetic
The regular and simultaneous occurrence in a single interbreeding population of two or more discontinuous genotypes. The concept includes differences in genotypes ranging in size from a single nucleotide site (POLYMORPHISM, SINGLE NUCLEOTIDE) to large nucleotide sequences visible at a chromosomal level.
Genetic Complementation Test
Cytidine Deaminase
Genome
Sequence Homology
DNA Topoisomerases
Enzymes that regulate the topology of DNA by actions such as breaking, relaxing, passing, and rejoining strands of DNA in cells. These enzymes are important components of the DNA replication system. They are classified by their substrate specificities. DNA TOPOISOMERASE I enzymes act on a single strand of DNA. DNA TOPOISOMERASE II enzymes act on double strands of DNA.
Genes
DNA Restriction Enzymes
Enzymes that are part of the restriction-modification systems. They catalyze the endonucleolytic cleavage of DNA sequences which lack the species-specific methylation pattern in the host cell's DNA. Cleavage yields random or specific double-stranded fragments with terminal 5'-phosphates. The function of restriction enzymes is to destroy any foreign DNA that invades the host cell. Most have been studied in bacterial systems, but a few have been found in eukaryotic organisms. They are also used as tools for the systematic dissection and mapping of chromosomes, in the determination of base sequences of DNAs, and have made it possible to splice and recombine genes from one organism into the genome of another. EC 3.21.1.
Heterozygote
Holliday Junction Resolvases
Chromosomes, Plant
Cell Cycle Proteins
Proteins that control the CELL DIVISION CYCLE. This family of proteins includes a wide variety of classes, including CYCLIN-DEPENDENT KINASES, mitogen-activated kinases, CYCLINS, and PHOSPHOPROTEIN PHOSPHATASES as well as their putative substrates such as chromatin-associated proteins, CYTOSKELETAL PROTEINS, and TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS.
Multigene Family
A set of genes descended by duplication and variation from some ancestral gene. Such genes may be clustered together on the same chromosome or dispersed on different chromosomes. Examples of multigene families include those that encode the hemoglobins, immunoglobulins, histocompatibility antigens, actins, tubulins, keratins, collagens, heat shock proteins, salivary glue proteins, chorion proteins, cuticle proteins, yolk proteins, and phaseolins, as well as histones, ribosomal RNA, and transfer RNA genes. The latter three are examples of reiterated genes, where hundreds of identical genes are present in a tandem array. (King & Stanfield, A Dictionary of Genetics, 4th ed)
Species Specificity
The restriction of a characteristic behavior, anatomical structure or physical system, such as immune response; metabolic response, or gene or gene variant to the members of one species. It refers to that property which differentiates one species from another but it is also used for phylogenetic levels higher or lower than the species.
Epistasis, Genetic
A form of gene interaction whereby the expression of one gene interferes with or masks the expression of a different gene or genes. Genes whose expression interferes with or masks the effects of other genes are said to be epistatic to the effected genes. Genes whose expression is affected (blocked or masked) are hypostatic to the interfering genes.
Immunoglobulin mu-Chains
X Chromosome
Pedigree
DNA End-Joining Repair
Transformation, Bacterial
Genetic Techniques
Adenosine Triphosphatases
Pachytene Stage
Replication Protein A
Gene Rearrangement, T-Lymphocyte
Schizosaccharomyces pombe Proteins
DNA, Circular
Any of the covalently closed DNA molecules found in bacteria, many viruses, mitochondria, plastids, and plasmids. Small, polydisperse circular DNA's have also been observed in a number of eukaryotic organisms and are suggested to have homology with chromosomal DNA and the capacity to be inserted into, and excised from, chromosomal DNA. It is a fragment of DNA formed by a process of looping out and deletion, containing a constant region of the mu heavy chain and the 3'-part of the mu switch region. Circular DNA is a normal product of rearrangement among gene segments encoding the variable regions of immunoglobulin light and heavy chains, as well as the T-cell receptor. (Riger et al., Glossary of Genetics, 5th ed & Segen, Dictionary of Modern Medicine, 1992)
Conjugation, Genetic
A parasexual process in BACTERIA; ALGAE; FUNGI; and ciliate EUKARYOTA for achieving exchange of chromosome material during fusion of two cells. In bacteria, this is a uni-directional transfer of genetic material; in protozoa it is a bi-directional exchange. In algae and fungi, it is a form of sexual reproduction, with the union of male and female gametes.
Antibody Diversity
The phenomenon of immense variability characteristic of ANTIBODIES. It enables the IMMUNE SYSTEM to react specifically against the essentially unlimited kinds of ANTIGENS it encounters. Antibody diversity is accounted for by three main theories: (1) the Germ Line Theory, which holds that each antibody-producing cell has genes coding for all possible antibody specificities, but expresses only the one stimulated by antigen; (2) the Somatic Mutation Theory, which holds that antibody-producing cells contain only a few genes, which produce antibody diversity by mutation; and (3) the Gene Rearrangement Theory, which holds that antibody diversity is generated by the rearrangement of IMMUNOGLOBULIN VARIABLE REGION gene segments during the differentiation of the ANTIBODY-PRODUCING CELLS.
Genes, Switch
Gene Rearrangement, B-Lymphocyte, Heavy Chain
Chromatids
Either of the two longitudinally adjacent threads formed when a eukaryotic chromosome replicates prior to mitosis. The chromatids are held together at the centromere. Sister chromatids are derived from the same chromosome. (Singleton & Sainsbury, Dictionary of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, 2d ed)
Immunoglobulin Constant Regions
The domains of the immunoglobulin molecules that are invariable in their amino acid sequence within any class or subclass of immunoglobulin. They confer biological as well as structural functions to immunoglobulins. One each on both the light chains and the heavy chains comprises the C-terminus half of the IMMUNOGLOBULIN FAB FRAGMENT and two or three of them make up the rest of the heavy chains (all of the IMMUNOGLOBULIN FC FRAGMENT)
Genes, Mating Type, Fungal
Transcription, Genetic
DNA Topoisomerases, Type I
DNA TOPOISOMERASES that catalyze ATP-independent breakage of one of the two strands of DNA, passage of the unbroken strand through the break, and rejoining of the broken strand. DNA Topoisomerases, Type I enzymes reduce the topological stress in the DNA structure by relaxing the superhelical turns and knotted rings in the DNA helix.
Homeodomain Proteins
Somatic Hypermutation, Immunoglobulin
Translocation, Genetic
Chromosomes, Mammalian
Centromere
Drosophila melanogaster
Immunoglobulin gamma-Chains
Heavy chains of IMMUNOGLOBULIN G having a molecular weight of approximately 51 kDa. They contain about 450 amino acid residues arranged in four domains and an oligosaccharide component covalently bound to the Fc fragment constant region. The gamma heavy chain subclasses (for example, gamma 1, gamma 2a, and gamma 2b) of the IMMUNOGLOBULIN G isotype subclasses (IgG1, IgG2A, and IgG2B) resemble each other more closely than the heavy chains of the other IMMUNOGLOBULIN ISOTYPES.
Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length
Spermatocytes
Meiotic Prophase I
Chromosomes, Artificial, Bacterial
Sequence Homology, Amino Acid
Mice, Transgenic
Gamma Rays
Penetrating, high-energy electromagnetic radiation emitted from atomic nuclei during NUCLEAR DECAY. The range of wavelengths of emitted radiation is between 0.1 - 100 pm which overlaps the shorter, more energetic hard X-RAYS wavelengths. The distinction between gamma rays and X-rays is based on their radiation source.
Microsatellite Repeats
Prophase
DNA-Activated Protein Kinase
Binding Sites
Gene Rearrangement, B-Lymphocyte, Light Chain
Physical Chromosome Mapping
Mapping of the linear order of genes on a chromosome with units indicating their distances by using methods other than genetic recombination. These methods include nucleotide sequencing, overlapping deletions in polytene chromosomes, and electron micrography of heteroduplex DNA. (From King & Stansfield, A Dictionary of Genetics, 5th ed)
Immunoglobulin kappa-Chains
Sex Chromosomes
The homologous chromosomes that are dissimilar in the heterogametic sex. There are the X CHROMOSOME, the Y CHROMOSOME, and the W, Z chromosomes (in animals in which the female is the heterogametic sex (the silkworm moth Bombyx mori, for example)). In such cases the W chromosome is the female-determining and the male is ZZ. (From King & Stansfield, A Dictionary of Genetics, 4th ed)
Protein Binding
Lysogeny
The phenomenon by which a temperate phage incorporates itself into the DNA of a bacterial host, establishing a kind of symbiotic relation between PROPHAGE and bacterium which results in the perpetuation of the prophage in all the descendants of the bacterium. Upon induction (VIRUS ACTIVATION) by various agents, such as ultraviolet radiation, the phage is released, which then becomes virulent and lyses the bacterium.
Genome, Human
Immunoglobulin J-Chains
A 15 kD "joining" peptide that forms one of the linkages between monomers of IMMUNOGLOBULIN A or IMMUNOGLOBULIN M in the formation of polymeric immunoglobulins. There is one J chain per one IgA dimer or one IgM pentamer. It is also involved in binding the polymeric immunoglobulins to POLYMERIC IMMUNOGLOBULIN RECEPTOR which is necessary for their transcytosis to the lumen. It is distinguished from the IMMUNOGLOBULIN JOINING REGION which is part of the IMMUNOGLOBULIN VARIABLE REGION of the immunoglobulin light and heavy chains.
Mice, Knockout
Strains of mice in which certain GENES of their GENOMES have been disrupted, or "knocked-out". To produce knockouts, using RECOMBINANT DNA technology, the normal DNA sequence of the gene being studied is altered to prevent synthesis of a normal gene product. Cloned cells in which this DNA alteration is successful are then injected into mouse EMBRYOS to produce chimeric mice. The chimeric mice are then bred to yield a strain in which all the cells of the mouse contain the disrupted gene. Knockout mice are used as EXPERIMENTAL ANIMAL MODELS for diseases (DISEASE MODELS, ANIMAL) and to clarify the functions of the genes.
Transfection
Lod Score
Chromosomes, Human
Genetic Loci
Specific regions that are mapped within a GENOME. Genetic loci are usually identified with a shorthand notation that indicates the chromosome number and the position of a specific band along the P or Q arm of the chromosome where they are found. For example the locus 6p21 is found within band 21 of the P-arm of CHROMOSOME 6. Many well known genetic loci are also known by common names that are associated with a genetic function or HEREDITARY DISEASE.
Different regulation of the p53 core domain activities 3'-to-5' exonuclease and sequence-specific DNA binding. (1/18933)
In this study we further characterized the 3'-5' exonuclease activity intrinsic to wild-type p53. We showed that this activity, like sequence-specific DNA binding, is mediated by the p53 core domain. Truncation of the C-terminal 30 amino acids of the p53 molecule enhanced the p53 exonuclease activity by at least 10-fold, indicating that this activity, like sequence-specific DNA binding, is negatively regulated by the C-terminal basic regulatory domain of p53. However, treatments which activated sequence-specific DNA binding of p53, like binding of the monoclonal antibody PAb421, which recognizes a C-terminal epitope on p53, or a higher phosphorylation status, strongly inhibited the p53 exonuclease activity. This suggests that at least on full-length p53, sequence-specific DNA binding and exonuclease activities are subject to different and seemingly opposing regulatory mechanisms. Following up the recent discovery in our laboratory that p53 recognizes and binds with high affinity to three-stranded DNA substrates mimicking early recombination intermediates (C. Dudenhoeffer, G. Rohaly, K. Will, W. Deppert, and L. Wiesmueller, Mol. Cell. Biol. 18:5332-5342), we asked whether such substrates might be degraded by the p53 exonuclease. Addition of Mg2+ ions to the binding assay indeed started the p53 exonuclease and promoted rapid degradation of the bound, but not of the unbound, substrate, indicating that specifically recognized targets can be subjected to exonucleolytic degradation by p53 under defined conditions. (+info)Evolutionary relationships of pathogenic clones of Vibrio cholerae by sequence analysis of four housekeeping genes. (2/18933)
Studies of the Vibrio cholerae population, using molecular typing techniques, have shown the existence of several pathogenic clones, mainly sixth-pandemic, seventh-pandemic, and U.S. Gulf Coast clones. However, the relationship of the pathogenic clones to environmental V. cholerae isolates remains unclear. A previous study to determine the phylogeny of V. cholerae by sequencing the asd (aspartate semialdehyde dehydrogenase) gene of V. cholerae showed that the sixth-pandemic, seventh-pandemic, and U.S. Gulf Coast clones had very different asd sequences which fell into separate lineages in the V. cholerae population. As gene trees drawn from a single gene may not reflect the true topology of the population, we sequenced the mdh (malate dehydrogenase) and hlyA (hemolysin A) genes from representatives of environmental and clinical isolates of V. cholerae and found that the mdh and hlyA sequences from the three pathogenic clones were identical, except for the previously reported 11-bp deletion in hlyA in the sixth-pandemic clone. Identical sequences were obtained, despite average nucleotide differences in the mdh and hlyA genes of 1.52 and 3.25%, respectively, among all the isolates, suggesting that the three pathogenic clones are closely related. To extend these observations, segments of the recA and dnaE genes were sequenced from a selection of the pathogenic isolates, where the sequences were either identical or substantially different between the clones. The results show that the three pathogenic clones are very closely related and that there has been a high level of recombination in their evolution. (+info)Insertion of excised IgH switch sequences causes overexpression of cyclin D1 in a myeloma tumor cell. (3/18933)
Oncogenes are often dysregulated in B cell tumors as a result of a reciprocal translocation involving an immunoglobulin locus. The translocations are caused by errors in two developmentally regulated DNA recombination processes: V(D)J and IgH switch recombination. Both processes share the property of joining discontinuous sequences from one chromosome and releasing intervening sequences as circles that are lost from progeny cells. Here we show that these intervening sequences may instead insert in the genome and that during productive IgH mu-epsilon switch recombination in U266 myeloma tumor cells, a portion of the excised IgH switch intervening sequences containing the 3' alpha-1 enhancer has inserted on chromosome 11q13, resulting in overexpression of the adjacent cyclin D1 oncogene. (+info)The L1 major capsid protein of human papillomavirus type 11 recombinant virus-like particles interacts with heparin and cell-surface glycosaminoglycans on human keratinocytes. (4/18933)
The L1 major capsid protein of human papillomavirus (HPV) type 11, a 55-kDa polypeptide, forms particulate structures resembling native virus with an average particle diameter of 50-60 nm when expressed in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. We show in this report that these virus-like particles (VLPs) interact with heparin and with cell-surface glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) resembling heparin on keratinocytes and Chinese hamster ovary cells. The binding of VLPs to heparin is shown to exhibit an affinity comparable to that of other identified heparin-binding proteins. Immobilized heparin chromatography and surface plasmon resonance were used to show that this interaction can be specifically inhibited by free heparin and dextran sulfate and that the effectiveness of the inhibitor is related to its molecular weight and charge density. Sequence comparison of nine human L1 types revealed a conserved region of the carboxyl terminus containing clustered basic amino acids that bear resemblance to proposed heparin-binding motifs in unrelated proteins. Specific enzymatic cleavage of this region eliminated binding to both immobilized heparin and human keratinocyte (HaCaT) cells. Removal of heparan sulfate GAGs on keratinocytes by treatment with heparinase or heparitinase resulted in an 80-90% reduction of VLP binding, whereas treatment of cells with laminin, a substrate for alpha6 integrin receptors, provided minimal inhibition. Cells treated with chlorate or substituted beta-D-xylosides, resulting in undersulfation or secretion of GAG chains, also showed a reduced affinity for VLPs. Similarly, binding of VLPs to a Chinese hamster ovary cell mutant deficient in GAG synthesis was shown to be only 10% that observed for wild type cells. This report establishes for the first time that the carboxyl-terminal portion of HPV L1 interacts with heparin, and that this region appears to be crucial for interaction with the cell surface. (+info)Viral gene delivery selectively restores feeding and prevents lethality of dopamine-deficient mice. (5/18933)
Dopamine-deficient mice (DA-/- ), lacking tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) in dopaminergic neurons, become hypoactive and aphagic and die by 4 weeks of age. They are rescued by daily treatment with L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (L-DOPA); each dose restores dopamine (DA) and feeding for less than 24 hr. Recombinant adeno-associated viruses expressing human TH or GTP cyclohydrolase 1 (GTPCH1) were injected into the striatum of DA-/- mice. Bilateral coinjection of both viruses restored feeding behavior for several months. However, locomotor activity and coordination were partially improved. A virus expressing only TH was less effective, and one expressing GTPCH1 alone was ineffective. TH immunoreactivity and DA were detected in the ventral striatum and adjacent posterior regions of rescued mice, suggesting that these regions mediate a critical DA-dependent aspect of feeding behavior. (+info)Locus specificity of polymorphic alleles and evolution by a birth-and-death process in mammalian MHC genes. (6/18933)
We have conducted an extensive phylogenetic analysis of polymorphic alleles from human and mouse major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I and class II genes. The phylogenetic tree obtained for 212 complete human class I allele sequences (HLA-A, -B, and -C) has shown that all alleles from the same locus form a single cluster, which is highly supported by bootstrap values, except for one HLA-B allele (HLA-B*7301). Mouse MHC class I loci did not show locus-specific clusters of polymorphic alleles. This was considered to be because of either interlocus genetic exchange or the confusing designation of loci in different haplotypes at the present time. The locus specificity of polymorphic alleles was also observed in human and mouse MHC class II loci. It was therefore concluded that interlocus recombination or gene conversion is not very important for generating MHC diversity, with a possible exception of mouse class I loci. According to the phylogenetic trees of complete coding sequences, we classified human MHC class I (HLA-A, -B, and -C) and class II (DRB1) alleles into three to five major allelic lineages (groups), which were monophyletic with high bootstrap values. Most of these allelic groups remained unchanged even in phylogenetic trees based on individual exons, though this does not exclude the possibility of intralocus recombination involving short DNA segments. These results, together with the previous observation that MHC loci are subject to frequent duplication and deletion, as well as to balancing selection, indicate that MHC evolution in mammals is in agreement with the birth-and-death model of evolution, rather than with the model of concerted evolution. (+info)Mitotic recombination in the heterochromatin of the sex chromosomes of Drosophila melanogaster. (7/18933)
The frequency of spontaneous and X-ray-induced mitotic recombination involving the Y chromosome has been studied in individuals with a marked Y chromosome arm and different XY compound chromosomes. The genotypes used include X chromosomes with different amounts of X heterochromatin and either or both arms of the Y chromosome attached to either side of the centromere. Individuals with two Y chromosomes have also been studied. The results show that the bulk of mitotic recombination takes place between homologous regions. (+info)The prokaryotic beta-recombinase catalyzes site-specific recombination in mammalian cells. (8/18933)
The development of new strategies for the in vivo modification of eukaryotic genomes has become an important objective of current research. Site-specific recombination has proven useful, as it allows controlled manipulation of murine, plant, and yeast genomes. Here we provide the first evidence that the prokaryotic site-specific recombinase (beta-recombinase), which catalyzes only intramolecular recombination, is active in eukaryotic environments. beta-Recombinase, encoded by the beta gene of the Gram-positive broad host range plasmid pSM19035, has been functionally expressed in eukaryotic cell lines, demonstrating high avidity for the nuclear compartment and forming a clear speckled pattern when assayed by indirect immunofluorescence. In simian COS-1 cells, transient beta-recombinase expression promoted deletion of a DNA fragment lying between two directly oriented specific recognition/crossing over sequences (six sites) located as an extrachromosomal DNA substrate. The same result was obtained in a recombination-dependent lacZ activation system tested in a cell line that stably expresses the beta-recombinase protein. In stable NIH/3T3 clones bearing different number of copies of the target sequences integrated at distinct chromosomal locations, transient beta-recombinase expression also promoted deletion of the intervening DNA, independently of the insertion position of the target sequences. The utility of this new recombination tool for the manipulation of eukaryotic genomes, used either alone or in combination with the other recombination systems currently in use, is discussed. (+info)
Viruses | Free Full-Text | Insights into the Functions of a Prophage Recombination Directionality Factor | HTML
Temporal linkage between early and late meiotic recombination enzymes in yeast and electron microscope localization of late...
Imprinted Chromosomal Regions of the Human Genome Have Unusually High Recombination Rates | Genetics
RECOMBINATIONAL CLONING USING NUCLEIC ACIDS HAVING RECOMBINATION SITES - Patent application
The effects of translocations on recombination frequency in Caenorhabditis elegans. | Genetics
PLOS Genetics: Genetic Analysis of Genome-Scale Recombination Rate Evolution in House Mice
Alleles of the homologous recombination gene, RAD59, identify multiple responses to disrupted DNA replication in Saccharomyces...
Bacterial Recombination - BACTERIAL RECOMBINATION Purposes A Vaccine production(subunit type B Production of proteins(growth...
Drosophila, interchromosomal recombination │ Jeulin
Classical Genetics Meets Next-Generation Sequencing: Uncovering a Genome-Wide Recombination Map in | proLékaře.cz
Recombination Hotspots Flank the Cryptococcus Mating-Type Locus: Implications for the Evolution of a Fungal Sex Chromosome
Recombination hotspot - Wikipedia
Characterization of recombination features and the genetic basis in multiple cattle breeds | BMC Genomics | Full Text
Genes | Free Full-Text | The Balance between Recombination Enzymes and Accessory Replicative Helicases in Facilitating Genome...
Multiple loci contribute to genome-wide recombination levels in male mice, Mammalian Genome | 10.1007/s00335-010-9303-5 |...
An efficient recombination system for chromosome engineering in Escherichia coli | PNAS
Landmark deCODE Study Links Recombination Rate with Fertility: A Mechanism for Increasing Human Diversity | deCODE genetics
Molecular characterization of meiotic recombination across the 140-kb multigenic a1-sh2 interval of maize | PNAS
ζ<sup>-/-</sup>thalassemic mice are affected by two modifying loci and display unanticipated somatic recombination leading to...
Unbiased homeologous recombination during pneumococcal transformation allows for multiple chromosomal integration events
The Evolution of Recombination Landscapes and Mechanisms in Drosophila in Light of Intragenomic Conflict
ASMscience | Recombination in the Evo
genetic recombination in bacteria ppt
RNA Recombination Enhances Adaptability and Is Required for Virus Spread and Virulence. | Laboratoire de Biologie...
Chromatin-mediated regulators of meiotic recombination revealed by proteomics of a recombination hotspot | Epigenetics &...
Genetic recombination - Wikipedia
Test of the double-strand-break repair model of recombination in Xenopus laevis oocytes. | Molecular and Cellular Biology
Mitotic sectored colonies: evidence of heteroduplex DNA formation during direct repeat recombination. - Semantic Scholar
MGM Thomas D. Petes, PhD
British Library EThOS: Orf protein modulates phage and bacterial pathways of genetic recombination
Host recombination is dependent on the degree of parasitism | Proceedings of the Royal Society of London B: Biological Sciences
Recombination rate variation in closely related species
The Times Microbial: RecQs Role in Illegitimate Recombination
Permalien vers The structure of HIV-1 genomic RNA in the gp120 gene determines a recombination hot spot in vivo
British Library EThOS: Investigating the molecular mechanisms of meiotic recombination
How many words made out of Nonrecombinant | Anagram Finder
Genome-wide inference of ancestral recombination graphs
Detecting recombination in evolving nucleotide sequences
Guidelines for Identifying Homologous Recombination Events in Influenza A Virus - pdf descargar
Mutations in Conserved Regions of the Predicted RAG2 Kelch Repeats Block Initiation of V(D)J Recombination and Result in...
Recombination raises during meiosis to market genetic exchange and generate recombinant - Genomics Proteomics and Bioinformatics
Info on Bionet.molbio.recombination
Prevention of DNA Rereplication Through a Meiotic Recombination Checkpoint Response | G3: Genes | Genomes | Genetics
Predicting knot and catenane type of products of site-specific recombination on twist knot substrates<...
RadB acts in homologous recombination in the archaeon Haloferax volcanii, consistent with a role as recombination mediator -...
Nonreciprocal recombination | definition of nonreciprocal recombination by Medical dictionary
Negative interference | Article about negative interference by The Free Dictionary
Cre-Lox Recombination
PRDM9 points the zinc finger at meiotic recombination hotspots : Sussex Research Online
A Genetic Map and Recombination Parameters of the Human Malaria Parasite Plasmodium falciparum | Science
Recombination hotspots and population structure in Plasmodium falciparum. - Oxford Big Data Institute
Effects of Adeno-Associated Virus DNA Hairpin Structure on Recombination | Journal of Virology
The relation between recombination rate and patterns of molecular evolution and variation in Drosophila melanogaster<...
Leicester Research Archive: DNA diversity and meiotic crossover distribution in the Xp/Yp pseudoautosomal region
Genome-wide high-resolution mapping of UV-induced mitotic recombination events in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.
Homologous Recombination Deficiency (HRD) Score Predicts Response to Platinum-Containing Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy in Patients...
Separation of Recombination and SOS Response in RecA Suggests LexA Interaction Sites | proLékaře.cz
Genetic recombination in field populations of Plasmodium falciparum - Enlighten: Publications
p53 null Fluorescent Yellow Direct Repeat (FYDR) mice have normal levels of homologous recombination
A set of vectors for introduction of antibiotic resistance genes by in vitro Cre-mediated recombination | BMC Research Notes |...
Nanostructuring Multilayer Hyperbolic Metamaterials for Ultrafast and Bright Green InGaN Quantum Wells.
Weakly Deleterious Mutations and Low Rates of Recombination Limit the Impact of Natural Selection on Bacterial Genomes (Journal...
Response to RAG-Mediated V(D)J Cleavage by NBS1 and γ-H2AX | Science
What drives recombination hotspots to repeat DNA in humans? - Oxford Big Data Institute
The ERCC1/XPF endonuclease is required for completion of homologous recombination at DNA replication forks stalled by inter...
Publications
Cellular Analyses of the RAD51-related Homologous Recombination Repair Proteins - OpenThesis
Generation of Food-Grade Recombinant Lactic Acid Bacterium Strains by Site-Specific Recombination
Bacterial phylogenetic reconstruction from whole genomes is robust to recombination but demographic inference is not. -...
Nuclear dynamics of the Set1C subunit Spp1 prepares meiotic recombination sites for break formation<...
Novel FRT recombination sites and methods of use - Pioneer Hi-Bred International, Inc.
RAD54, a significant homologous recombination proteins, is an associate from the - Discovery of Small-Molecule Inhibitors of...
The IncP-1 plasmid backbone adapts to different host bacterial species and evolves through homologous recombination.
The role of homologous recombination proteins in vertebrate DNA replication | Department of Oncology
Branch migration
"Genetic Recombination , Learn Science at Scitable". www.nature.com. Retrieved 2015-11-13. Yamada, Kazuhiro; Ariyoshi, Mariko; ... Branch migration is the second step of genetic recombination, following the exchange of two single strands of DNA between two ... Homologous recombination appears to be an important adaptation in hyperthermophiles, such as S. acidocaldarius, for efficiently ... Based on this evidence it appears that Saci-0814 is employed in homologous recombination in S. acidocaldarius and functions as ...
Tetrad (meiosis)
Synthetic genetic array Saccharomyces cerevisiae Ascus Homologous recombination Genetic recombination Ascospore Perkins, D.D. ( ... Genetic Recombination. New York: Wiley; 1982. ISBN 978-0471102052 Yeast Protocols: Methods in Cell and Molecular Biology, Ivor ... These studies have proven central to understanding the mechanism of meiotic recombination, which in turn is a key to ... The use of tetrads in fine-structure genetic analysis is described in the articles Neurospora crassa and Gene conversion. ...
Neurospora crassa
Analysis of genetic recombination is facilitated by the ordered arrangement of the products of meiosis in Neurospora ascospores ... 1982). Genetic Recombination. Wiley, New York ISBN 978-0471102052 Leslie JF, Raju NB (December 1985). "Recessive mutations from ... An understanding of recombination is relevant to several fundamental biologic problems, such the role of recombination and ... of the molecular mechanism of recombination is discussed in the Wikipedia articles Gene conversion and Genetic recombination. ...
Sordaria fimicola
Genetic Recombination. New York: Wiley ISBN 978-0471102052 Wikimedia Commons has media related to Sordaria fimicola. (Articles ... particularly the analysis of the molecular mechanism of genetic recombination. When a wild type (+) strain is mated with a ... The natural habitat of the three species of Sordaria that have been the principal subjects in genetic studies is dung of ... These species share a number of characteristics that are advantageous for genetic studies. They all have a short life cycle, ...
Zygotic induction
Lederberg J (1955). "Genetic recombination in bacteria". Science. 122 (3176): 920. Bibcode:1955Sci...122..920L. doi:10.1126/ ... Wollman EL, Jacob F, Hayes W (1956). "Conjugation and genetic recombination in Escherichia coli K-12". Cold Spring Harbor ... In analogy with fertilization and meiosis of higher organisms, he proposed that all of the genetic material was transferred but ... If mating terminated before the prophage was transferred, phage was not produced, and recombination proceeded in the zygote. ...
Mitomycin C
Induced meiotic recombination". Mutation Research. 12 (3): 269-279. doi:10.1016/0027-5107(71)90015-7. PMID 5563942. Bernstein H ... Schewe MJ, Suzuki DT, Erasmus U (July 1971). "The genetic effects of mitomycin C in Drosophila melanogaster. II. ... Exposure of the fruitfly Drosophila melanogaster to mitomycin C increases recombination during meiosis, a key stage of the ... a condition necessary for the process of natural transformation that transfers DNA and promotes recombination between cells. ...
Mitomycins
Induced meiotic recombination". Mutat. Res. 12 (3): 269-79. doi:10.1016/0027-5107(71)90015-7. PMID 5563942. Bleuyard JY, ... Schewe MJ, Suzuki DT, Erasmus U (July 1971). "The genetic effects of mitomycin C in Drosophila melanogaster. II. ... In the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster, exposure to mitomycin C increases recombination during meiosis, a key stage of the ... In the plant Arabidopsis thaliana, mutant strains defective in genes necessary for recombination during meiosis and mitosis are ...
Recombinase
... s are genetic recombination enzymes. DNA recombinases are widely used in multicellular organisms to manipulate the ... Dmc1 function appears to be limited to meiotic recombination. Like Rad51, Dmc1 is homologous to bacterial RecA. Some DNA ... Modification of genetic information, Molecular biology, All stub articles, Genetics stubs). ... Cre recombinase Hin recombinase Tre recombinase FLP recombinase Recombinases have a central role in homologous recombination in ...
Homologous chromosome
This recombination of genes allows for the introduction of new allele pairings and genetic variation. Genetic variation among ... Genetic crossing-over, a type of recombination, occurs during the pachytene stage of prophase I. In addition, another type of ... This proved interchromosomal genetic recombination. Homologous chromosomes are chromosomes which contain the same genes in the ... They allow for the recombination and random segregation of genetic material from the mother and father into new cells. Meiosis ...
Synthesis-dependent strand annealing
Whitehouse, HLK (1982). Genetic Recombination: understanding the mechanisms. Wiley. p. 321 & Table 38. ISBN 978-0471102052. ... Formosa T, Alberts BM (December 1986). "DNA synthesis dependent on genetic recombination: characterization of a reaction ... Similarly, S. cerevisiae Sgs1, an ortholog of BLM, appears to be a central regulator of most of the recombination events that ... Data based on tetrad analysis from several species of fungi show that only a minority (on average about 34%) of recombination ...
Complete linkage
This process is known as genetic recombination. The rate of recombination of two discrete loci corresponds to their physical ... "7.3: Linkage Reduces Recombination Frequency". Biology LibreTexts. 2016-06-03. Retrieved 2021-08-28. "Genetic Recombination and ... daughter cells have the greatest amount of genetic diversity. (Click Here for a video tutorial explaining genetic recombination ... "Genetic Recombination and Gene Mapping , Learn Science at Scitable". www.nature.com. Retrieved 2016-04-10. Palhares, Alessandra ...
Western carp gudgeon
Meiosis ordinarily involves genetic recombination. However, male and female hybrids of Australian carp gudgeons (Hypseleotris) ... are fertile, but practice asexual reproduction and display uniparental chromosomal elimination without genetic recombination. ... However, recent genetic research suggests that the carp gudgeons are a cryptic species complex composed of at least four ...
Gene transfer agent
Marrs B (March 1974). "Genetic recombination in Rhodopseudomonas capsulata". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of ... If the sequences are not identical this will produce a cell with a new genetic combination. However, if the incoming DNA is not ... Most of the RcGTA structural genes are encoded in a ~ 15 kb genetic cluster on the bacterial chromosome. However, other genes ... One alternative explanation is that GTA genes persist because GTAs are genetic parasites that spread infectiously to new cells ...
Rhodobacter capsulatus
Marrs B (March 1974). "Genetic recombination in Rhodopseudomonas capsulata". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of ... Lang AS, Beatty JT (January 2000). "Genetic analysis of a bacterial genetic exchange element: the gene transfer agent of ... The genetic material had a high GC content at 66.6%. R. capsulatus contains all of the genes necessary to produce all 20 amino ... A small filterable agent was soon identified as the source of this genetic exchange. When a mutant strain that over-produced ...
Chromosome segregation
... genetic recombination usually occurs. Some of the recombination events occur by crossing over (involving physical exchange ... CO recombination may also be initiated by external sources of DNA damage such as X-irradiation, or internal sources. There is ... This is because, at the end of meiotic prophase I, CO recombination provides a physical link that holds homologous chromosome ... Sonntag Brown M, Lim E, Chen C, Nishant KT, Alani E (2013). "Genetic analysis of mlh3 mutations reveals interactions between ...
Meiosis
Because of recombination, an individual chromatid can consist of a new combination of maternal and paternal genetic information ... Then each set of homologs pair with each other and exchange genetic information by homologous recombination often leading to ... During this time, homologous chromosomes pair with each other and undergo genetic recombination, a programmed process in which ... 244-45 Cohen PE, Pollack SE, Pollard JW (June 2006). "Genetic analysis of chromosome pairing, recombination, and cell cycle ...
Background selection
... where regions of low recombination in the genome exhibit low levels of genetic variation. Hudson and Kaplan showed that the ... The genetic basis for evolutionary change. Columbia Univ. Press, New York, NY. Hudson, Richard R. and Norman L. Kaplan. 1995. ... In areas of high recombination, neutral loci are more likely to 'escape' the effects of nearby selection and be retained in the ... The name emphasizes the fact that the genetic background, or genomic environment, of a neutral mutation has a significant ...
Matthew Meselson
In collaboration with Jean Weigle, Meselson then applied the density gradient method to studies of genetic recombination in the ... Meselson, M.; Weigle, J. (1961). "Chromosome Breakage Accompanying Genetic Recombination in Bacteriophage". Proceedings of the ... genetic recombination, and aging. Many of his past students are notable biologists, including Nobel Laureate Sidney Altman, as ... "A General Model for Genetic Recombination". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA. 72 (1): 358-361. Bibcode: ...
Cell division
In S phase, the chromosomes are replicated in order for the genetic content to be maintained. During G2, the cell undergoes the ... Keeney S (2001). Mechanism and control of meiotic recombination initiation. Current Topics in Developmental Biology. Vol. 52. ... Griffiths AJ (2012). Introduction to genetic analysis (10th ed.). New York: W.H. Freeman and Co. ISBN 9781429229432. OCLC ... Prokaryotes (bacteria and archaea) usually undergo a vegetative cell division known as binary fission, where their genetic ...
Coronaviridae
Genetic recombination can occur when at least two viral genomes are present in the same infected host cell. RNA recombination ... Recombination can determine genetic variability within a CoV species, the capability of a CoV species to jump from one host to ... Epidemiology, Genetic Recombination, and Pathogenesis of Coronaviruses. Trends Microbiol. 2016 Jun;24(6):490-502. DOI: 10.1016/ ... The exact mechanism of recombination in CoVs is not known, but likely involves template switching during genome replication. ...
Karen Mossman
As many coronaviruses exist in nature, their genetic recombination can result in the formation of novel viruses, making targets ... Genetic Recombination, and Pathogenesis of Coronaviruses". Trends in Microbiology. 24 (6): 490-502. doi:10.1016/j.tim.2016.03. ...
RNA-based evolution
In addition to mutation, RNA virus evolution is also facilitated by genetic recombination. Genetic recombination can occur when ... a form of genetic recombination. Recombination also occurs in the Coronaviridae ((+)ssRNA) (e.g. SARS). Recombination in RNA ... June 2016). "Epidemiology, Genetic Recombination, and Pathogenesis of Coronaviruses". Trends in Microbiology. 24 (6): 490-502. ... RNA is also believed to have been the genetic material of the first life on Earth. The role of RNA in the origin of life is ...
Coronavirus
Recombination - The replicase-transcriptase complex is also capable of genetic recombination when at least two viral genomes ... Su S, Wong G, Shi W, Liu J, Lai AC, Zhou J, Liu W, Bi Y, Gao GF (June 2016). "Epidemiology, Genetic Recombination, and ... RNA recombination appears to be a major driving force in determining genetic variability within a coronavirus species, the ... August 2013). "Genetic characterization of Betacoronavirus lineage C viruses in bats reveals marked sequence divergence in the ...
Murine coronavirus
Genetic recombination can occur when at least two RNA viral genomes are present in the same infected host cell. RNA-RNA ... June 2016). "Epidemiology, Genetic Recombination, and Pathogenesis of Coronaviruses". Trends in Microbiology. 24 (6): 490-502. ... The mechanism of recombination appears to involve template switching during viral genome replication, a process referred to as ... In vivo RNA-RNA recombination of coronavirus in mouse brain. J Virol. 1988 May;62(5):1810-3. PMID 2833625 Su S, Wong G, Shi W, ...
RNA virus
Numerous RNA viruses are capable of genetic recombination when at least two viral genomes are present in the same host cell. ... June 2016). "Epidemiology, Genetic Recombination, and Pathogenesis of Coronaviruses". Trends in Microbiology. 24 (6): 490-502. ... Recombination in RNA viruses appears to be an adaptation for coping with genome damage. Recombination can occur infrequently ... a form of recombination. Recombination also occurs in the Reoviridae (dsRNA), e.g. reovirus; Orthomyxoviridae ((-)ssRNA), e.g. ...
Grete Kellenberger-Gujer
... (1919-2011) was a Swiss molecular biologist known for her discoveries on genetic recombination and ... Meselson, M.; Weigle, J. J. (1961-06-15). "Chromosome brekage accompanying genetic recombination in bacteriophage". Proceedings ... She was a pioneer in the genetic analysis of bacteriophages and contributed to the early development of molecular biology. ... From 1971-1975, she worked with Douglas Berg, with whom she shared an interest in genetic analysis of bacteriophages and ...
Phycomyces
Eslava AP, Alvarez MI, Burke PV, Delbrück M (July 1975). "Genetic recombination in sexual crosses of phycomyces". Genetics. 80 ...
Muller's ratchet
In sexual populations, the process of genetic recombination allows the genomes of the offspring to be different from the ... Evolution of sexual reproduction Genetic hitchhiking Hill-Robertson effect Muller HJ (1932). "Some genetic aspects of sex". ... This results in an eventual accumulation of mutations known as genetic load. In theory, the genetic load carried by asexual ... Recombination in the early sexual lineages may have provided a means for coping with genome damage. Muller's ratchet under such ...
RuvABC
Kowalczykowski SC (2000). "Initiation of genetic recombination and recombination-dependent replication". Trends Biochem. Sci. ... Eggleston AK, Mitchell AH, and West SC (1997). "In Vitro Reconstitution of the Late Steps of Genetic Recombination in E. coli ... RuvABC (Recombination UV) is a complex of three proteins that mediate branch migration and resolve the Holliday junction ... "Molecular views of recombination proteins and their control". Nat. Rev. Mol. Cell Biol. 4 (6): 435-45. doi:10.1038/nrm1127. ...
Genome instability
"Genetic control of intrachromosomal recombination in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. I. Isolation and genetic characterization of ... V, D, J recombination can ensure millions of unique B-cell receptors; however, random repair by NHEJ introduces variation which ... Losing genetic stability will favour tumor development, because it favours the generation of mutants that can be selected by ... Genome instability (also genetic instability or genomic instability) refers to a high frequency of mutations within the genome ...
Cell-mediated immunity
CD4+ TH1 Cells It has been found in both mice and humans that the signature cytokines for these cells is interferon gamma and lymphotoxin alpha. The main cytokine for differentiation into TH1 cells is IL-12 which is produced by dendritic cells in response to the activation of pattern recognition receptors. T-bet is a distinctive transcription factor of TH1 cells. TH1 cells are also characterized by the expression of chemokine receptors which allow their movement to sites of inflammation. The main chemokine receptors on these cells are CXCR3A and CCR5. Epithelial cells and keratinocytes are able to recruit TH1 cells to sights of infection by releasing the chemokines CXCL9, CXCL10 and CXCL11 in response to interferon gamma. Additionally, interferon gamma secreted by these cells seems to be important in downregulating tight junctions in the epithelial barrier.[4] CD8+ TC1 Cells These cells generally produce interferon gamma. Interferon gamma and IL-12 promote differentiation toward TC1 cells. T-bet ...
Protein-protein interaction
... in the same gene were often isolated and mapped in a linear order on the basis of recombination frequencies to form a genetic ... suppressive genetic interaction, additive genetic interaction, physical association, and other associations.[74] ... similar to metabolic or genetic/epigenetic networks - that empower the current knowledge on biochemical cascades and molecular ... "A map of directional genetic interactions in a metazoan cell". eLife. 4. doi:10.7554/eLife.05464. PMC 4384530. PMID 25748138 ...
Species
Genetic variability arises from mutations and recombination, while organisms themselves are mobile, leading to geographical ... Genetic speciesEdit. A genetic species as defined by Robert Baker and Robert Bradley is a set of genetically isolated ... Masters, J. C.; Spencer, H. G. (1989). "Why We Need a New Genetic Species Concept". Systematic Zoology. 38 (3): 270-279. doi: ... This is similar to Mayr's Biological Species Concept, but stresses genetic rather than reproductive isolation.[45] In the 21st ...
Adaptive immune system
Second, V(D)J recombination randomly selects one variable (V), one diversity (D), and one joining (J) region for genetic ... To generate each unique antigen receptor, these genes have undergone a process called V(D)J recombination, or combinatorial ... First, somatic hypermutation is a process of accelerated random genetic mutations in the antibody-coding genes, which allows ... This mechanism allows a small number of genetic segments to generate a vast number of different antigen receptors, which are ...
Alternative splicing - Simple English Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Alternative splicing (the re-combination of different exons) is a major source of genetic diversity in eukaryotes. One ... Many human genetic disorders come from splicing variants.[4] Abnormal splicing variants may also contribute to the development ...
ജീവപരിണാമം - വിക്കിപീഡിയ
Radding C (1982). "Homologous pairing and strand exchange in genetic recombination". Annu. Rev. Genet. 16 (1): 405-37. doi: ... Sprague G (1991). "Genetic exchange between kingdoms". Curr. Opin. Genet. Dev. 1 (4): 530-3. doi:10.1016/S0959-437X(05)80203-5 ... Orr H (2005). "The genetic theory of adaptation: a brief history". Nat. Rev. Genet. 6 (2): 119-27. doi:10.1038/nrg1523. PMID ... Peters AD, Otto SP (2003). "Liberating genetic variance through sex". BioEssays. 25 (6): 533-7. doi:10.1002/bies.10291. PMID ...
Deoksiribonukleinska kislina - Wikipedija, prosta enciklopedija
Chapter 27: DNA Replication, Recombination, and Repair *↑ Alberts B; Johnson A; Lewis J; Raff M; Roberts K; Walter P (2002). ... "Bacterial gene transfer by natural genetic transformation in the environment". Microbiol. Rev. 58 (3): 563-602. PMC 372978 ... Chapter 5: DNA Replication, Repair, and Recombination *↑ Tani, Katsuji; Nasu, Masao (2010). "Roles of Extracellular DNA in ...
Oncogenomics
Before BRAF, the genetic mechanism of melanoma development was unknown and therefore prognosis for patients was poor.[71] ... synthetically lethal with deficiencies in BRCA1 and PALB2 in addition to BRCA2 through RAD51-mediated homologous recombination" ... Cooper DN, Youssoufian H (February 1988). "The CpG dinucleotide and human genetic disease". Hum. Genet. 78 (2): 151-5. doi: ... Cancer is a genetic disease caused by accumulation of DNA mutations and epigenetic alterations leading to unrestrained cell ...
List of Nobel Prize winners in Physiology or Medicine - Simple English Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
1958 - Joshua Lederberg, United States, for finding out how genetic recombination works in bacteria (transduction (genetics)).[ ... 1983 - Barbara McClintock, United States, for her discovery of mobile genetic elements[74] ... for their finding the genetic controls of organ development and programmed cell death.[93][94] ... for their understanding of the genetic code and its role in protein synthesis.[59] ...
Thymus
Autoimmune polyendocrine syndrome type 1, is a rare genetic autoimmune syndrome that results from a genetic defect of the ... These distinct receptors are formed by process of V(D)J recombination gene rearrangement stimulated by RAG1 and RAG2 genes.[13] ... Immunodeficiency can be profound.[9] Loss of the thymus at an early age through genetic mutation (as in DiGeorge syndrome, ... Genetic analysis including karyotyping may reveal specific abnormalities that may influence prognosis or treatment, such as the ...
Ultraviolet
Margulis, Lynn & Sagan, Dorion (1986). Origins of Sex: Three Billion Years of Genetic Recombination (book). 1. Yale University ... UVB causes thymine base pairs next to each other in genetic sequences to bond together into thymine dimers, a disruption in the ... This leads to frameshifting during genetic replication and protein synthesis, usually killing the cell. Before formation of the ... The few that survived had developed enzymes that monitored the genetic material and removed thymine dimers by nucleotide ...
অণুজীববিজ্ঞান - উইকিপিডিয়া
অণুজীবের সবচাইতে আকর্ষণীয় বৈশিষ্ট্য হল এদের অনেক বৈশিষ্ট্য বংশাণুগত পুনঃসংযোজন (জেনেটিক রিকম্বিনেশন, Genetic Recombination) ...
DNA repair
Wei Q, Li L, Chen D (2007). DNA Repair, Genetic Instability, and Cancer. World Scientific. ISBN 978-981-270-014-8. .. [page ... In the final step, there is crossover by means of RecA-dependent homologous recombination.[35] ... Experimental animals with genetic deficiencies in DNA repair often show decreased life span and increased cancer incidence.[15] ... Such alterations are thought to occur early in progression to cancer and to be a likely cause of the genetic instability ...
Birkonbinazio genetiko, entziklopedia askea.
Multimedia: Genetic recombination. "https://eu.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Birkonbinazio_genetiko&oldid=7894724"(e)tik ...
Mutation
... s can involve the duplication of large sections of DNA, usually through genetic recombination.[9] These duplications ... Loss of heterozygosity: loss of one allele, either by a deletion or a genetic recombination event, in an organism that ... and the evolution of sex and genetic recombination.[63] DFE can also be tracked by tracking the skewness of the distribution of ... See also: Genetic disorder. If a mutation is present in a germ cell, it can give rise to offspring that carries the mutation in ...
Feline immunodeficiency virus
Genetic analysis indicates lower genetic diversity of FIV in the domestic cat compared to wild Felidae species, higher ... where it is reverse transcribed and integrated into the cellular genome through nonhomologous recombination. Once integrated ... Among these subtypes, genetic sequences are mostly conserved; however, wide-ranging genetic differences exist between species ... On the contrary, env, vif, orfa, and rev are the least conserved and exhibit the most genetic diversity among FIV strains.[27] ...
Rotifer - Simple English Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Cytological and molecular genetic studies show that bdelloids evolved from a common ancestor which lost sexual recombination ( ... bdelloid rotifers do engage in genetic (DNA) transfer within a species or clade. The method used is not known at present. ...
Antibody
This combination is called V(D)J recombination discussed below.[43]. V(D)J recombinationEdit. Further information: V(D)J ... Several complex genetic mechanisms have evolved that allow vertebrate B cells to generate a diverse pool of antibodies from a ... Somatic recombination of immunoglobulins, also known as V(D)J recombination, involves the generation of a unique immunoglobulin ... RAG proteins play an important role with V(D)J recombination in cutting DNA at a particular region.[44] Without the presence of ...
Ultimate fate of the universe
Photon epoch (Big Bang nucleosynthesis, Matter domination, Recombination). *Dark ages *Habitable epoch ... Genetic erosion. *Genetic pollution. Others. *Biodiversity loss *Decline in amphibian populations. *Decline in insect ...
Deletion (genetics)
In genetics, a deletion (also called gene deletion, deficiency, or deletion mutation) (sign: Δ) is a mutation (a genetic ... Members of the RAD52 Epistasis Group Contribute to Mitochondrial Homologous Recombination and Double-Strand Break Repair in ... Deletions are responsible for an array of genetic disorders, including some cases of male infertility, two thirds of cases of ... Deletions can be caused by errors in chromosomal crossover during meiosis, which causes several serious genetic diseases. ...
করোনাভাইরাস - উইকিপিডিয়া
"Prevalence and genetic diversity analysis of human coronaviruses among cross-border children"। Virology Journal (ইংরেজি ভাষায় ... OC43 reveals evolution of different genotypes over time and recent emergence of a novel genotype due to natural recombination" ... "Genetic characterization of Betacoronavirus lineage C viruses in bats reveals marked sequence divergence in the spike protein ...
Norovirus
In addition, a recombination hotspot exists at the ORF1-ORF2 (VP1) junction. Viral replication is cytoplasmic. Entry into the ... Vinjé J, Green J, Lewis DC, Gallimore CI, Brown DW, Koopmans MP (2000). "Genetic polymorphism across regions of the three open ... which can be further divided into different genetic clusters or genotypes. Noroviruses commonly isolated in cases of acute ... rapid and large-scale detection of recombination events among different evolutionary lineages of viral genomes". BMC ...
Sex determination in Silene
When recombination does occur in XY chromosomes, it is confined to the tips of the chromosome, leaving most of the genetic ... Recombination generally occurs only when two X chromosomes (XX) pair during female meiosis. Contrastingly, recombination is ... For example, there are two genetic variations that can lead to male sterility in S. latifolia: if it possesses two Y ... they have the potential to increase or decrease in size due to mutation and recombination. In the case of Silene, the pair of ...
Genome size
This process seems to be dominated by genetic drift resulting from small population size, low recombination rates, and high ... As much as 90% of the genetic material can be lost when a species makes the evolutionary transition from a free-living to an ... Evidence of the deletion of the function of repair and recombination is the loss of the gene recA, gene involved in the ... Wernegreen, J. J.; Moran, N. A. (1999-01-01). "Evidence for genetic drift in endosymbionts (Buchnera): analyses of protein- ...
Sulfolobus
also showed that UV-irradiation increased the frequency of recombination due to genetic exchange in S. acidocaldarius. Frols et ... Recombination rates exceeded those of uninduced cultures by up to three orders of magnitude. Wood et al. ... Thus it is thought that the ups system in combination with homologous recombination provide a DNA damage response which rescues ... It was proposed that Saci-1497 and Saci-1500 function in an homologous recombination-based DNA repair mechanism that uses ...
ABL (gene)
"Genetic and epigenetic silencing of microRNA-203 enhances ABL1 and BCR-ABL1 oncogene expression". Cancer Cell. 13 (6): 496-506 ... "Radiation-induced assembly of Rad51 and Rad52 recombination complex requires ATM and c-Abl". J. Biol. Chem. 274 (18): 12748-52 ...
Klaus Schulten
Another was that the virus coat, the protein capsid, is dependent upon the genetic material in the RNA core of the particle and ... "Magnetic field dependence of the geminate recombination of radical ion pairs in polar solvents". Zeitschrift für Physikalische ... This suggests that the genetic material must already be present before the virus can build its coat when reproducing. Such ...
Mitochondrial DNA
Once, there was thought to be a positive feedback loop at work (a 'Vicious Cycle'); as mitochondrial DNA accumulates genetic ... Unlike nuclear DNA, which is inherited from both parents and in which genes are rearranged in the process of recombination, ... Entities subject to uniparental inheritance and with little to no recombination may be expected to be subject to Muller's ... The rapid mutation rate (in animals) makes mtDNA useful for assessing genetic relationships of individuals or groups within a ...
Pardis Sabeti
The effects of natural selection and recombination on genetic diversity in humans : an investigation of Plasmodium falciparum ... Genetic Road Map Drawn for Tracing Route To Common Diseases Video. Profile: Pardis Sabeti. NOVA scienceNOW, 07.02.2008. ... Sabeti developed a family of statistical tests for positive selection that look for common genetic variants found on unusually ...
Congenital mirror movement disorder
That is, the severity of clinical signs and symptoms does not correlate with the type of genetic variant. Mutations in the ... RAD51 maintains genome integrity by repairing DNA double-strand breaks through homologous recombination. RAD51 heterozygous ... Experiments in mice also support the claim that CMM disorder is associated with genetic mutations in DCC. Kanga mice, lacking ... Congenital mirror movement disorder (CMM disorder) is a rare genetic neurological disorder which is characterized by mirrored ...
Genetic Recombination - Scientific American
Chromosomes trade parts in a recombination process whose molecular intricacies are now being unraveled ... Before an organism reproduces it often reshuffles its genetic information. ... Genetic Recombination. Before an organism reproduces it often reshuffles its genetic information. Chromosomes trade parts in a ...
Genetic Recombination and Cryptosporidium hominis Virulent Subtype IbA10G2 - Volume 19, Number 10-October 2013 - Emerging...
A recombination test showed only limited genetic recombination at the gp60 locus. Thus, the high level of LD and limited ... This finding suggested a mixture of ancestral genetic elements and genetic recombination in virulent subtype IbA10G2. This ... We identified by linkage disequilibrium and recombination analyses only limited genetic recombination, which occurred ... Genetic recombination was believed to be rare or nonexistent in C. hominis (17,25,28-30). However, the small number of markers ...
Genetic analysis based on mitotic recombination - Enlighten Publications
Pontecorvo, G. and Kafer, E. (1958) Genetic analysis based on mitotic recombination. Advances in Genetics, 9, pp. 71-104. (doi ... This chapter illustrates that formal genetic analysis by means of mitotic recombination is perfectly feasible. It leads to the ... mitotic recombination is the only means available so far toward formal genetic analysis and breeding for scientific or applied ... In aspergillus nidulans, which has a sexual cycle and in which the results of genetic analysis based on meiosis are available, ...
The advantage of recombination when selection is acting at many genetic Loci - NASA/ADS
Given recombination, if the average frequency of the favored alleles at the various selected loci is equal to p, then the ... Consequently, recombination acts to unblock the adaptive response to multi-locus selection in finite populations. Using ... In the absence of recombination, however, selection will be limited to the highest-fitness genotypes that are already present ... In this paper, we revisit the classic Fisher-Muller models of recombination, taking into account the abundant standing ...
loxP recombination site | Bacteriophage P1 (Phage P1) | BCH-GENE-SCBD-103069 | Genetic element | Biosafety Clearing-House
Cre-Lox recombination - Wikipedia [ English. ] * Site-specific DNA recombination in mammalian cells by the Cre recombinase of ... The result of recombination depends on the orientation of the loxP sites. For two lox sites on the same chromosome arm, ... When cells that have loxP sites in their genome express Cre, a recombination event can occur between the loxP sites. The double ... If loxP sites are on different chromosomes it is possible for translocation events to be catalysed by Cre induced recombination ...
Do genetic recombination and gene density shape the pattern of DNA elimination in rice long terminal repeat retrotransposons?
... ... we investigated the distribution and structural variation of LTR-RTs in relation to the rates of local genetic recombination ( ... In flowering plants, the accumulation of small deletions through unequal homologous recombination (UR) and illegitimate ... recombination (IR) is proposed to be the major process counteracting genome expansion, which is caused primarily by the ...
Genetic differentiation and intrinsic genomic features explain variation in recombination hotspots among cocoa tree populations...
... we establish a number of possible correlates of recombination hotspots that help explain general patterns of recombination in ... statistically associated to higher recombination rates in domesticated Criollo. We generated fine-scale recombination maps for ... Mean recombination rates in range between 2.5 and 8.6 cM/Mb for most populations of T. cacao with the exception of the ... We use this map to elucidate the dynamics of recombination rates in distinct populations of the same species, one of which is ...
Balancing selection and recombination as evolutionary forces caused population genetic variations in golden pheasant MHC class...
Frequent recombination events resulted in at least 9 recombinant IA2 alleles, in accordance with the intermingling pattern of ... Moreover, the recombination events detected between the genes and the intermingled phylogenetic pattern indicate that ... The natural barrier of the Yangtze River and heterogeneous balancing selection might help shape the NYR-SYR genetic structure ... Allele frequency analysis across 2 IA loci showed low levels of genetic differentiation among populations on small geographic ...
Questioning the evidence for genetic recombination in the 1918 "Spanish flu" virus. - Oxford Big Data Institute
Genetic Recombination of Bacteria | Biology Discussion
Genetic Recombination of Bacteria (With Diagram). Article Shared by The following points highlight the three main processes ... Genetic Recombination of Bacteria: 3 Processes. Article Shared by The following points highlight the three main processes ... involved in the genetic recombination of bacteria. The processes are: 1. Conjugation 2. Transformation 3. Transduction. Process ... involved in the genetic recombination of bacteria. The processes are: 1. Conjugation 2. Transformation 3. Transduction. Process ...
Paper: "Genetic variation in recombination rate in the pig" | On unicorns and genes
Our paper on genetic variation in recombination in the pig just came out the other week. I posted about it already when it was ... Can one breed for increased recombination to improve genetic gain?. Not really. Because recombination breaks up linkage ... Paper: "Genetic variation in recombination rate in the pig". Publicerat i english, genetik av mrtnj ... higher recombination rate could reveal genetic variation for selection and improve genetic gain. However, previous studies ...
The influence of mutation, recombination, population history, and selection on patterns of genetic diversity in Neisseria...
Which Three Processes Are Methods of Genetic Recombination - AviationBrief.com
Which Three Processes Are Methods of Genetic Recombination ... Which Three Processes Are Methods of Genetic Recombination. How ... Which Three Processes Are Methods of Genetic Recombination August 18, 2022. admin 65 Views ... Although mutual, genetic recombination is a highly circuitous process. It involves the alignment of two. homologous DNA. ... recombination. involves the exchange of genetic material either between multiple chromosomes or between unlike regions of the ...
Structural and biochemical aspects of homologous genetic (DNA) recombination<...
Kurumizaka H, Mikawa T, Hikiba J, Shibata T. Structural and biochemical aspects of homologous genetic (DNA) recombination. ... Structural and biochemical aspects of homologous genetic (DNA) recombination. In: Seikagaku. 2008 ; Vol. 80, No. 6. pp. 511-520 ... Structural and biochemical aspects of homologous genetic (DNA) recombination. Hitoshi Kurumizaka*, Tsutomu Mikawa, Juri Hikiba ... Structural and biochemical aspects of homologous genetic (DNA) recombination. / Kurumizaka, Hitoshi; Mikawa, Tsutomu; Hikiba, ...
Comparative genomic analysis reveals occurrence of genetic recombination in virulent Cryptosporidium hominis subtypes and...
The sequence similarity among specimens of the two dominant outbreak subtypes and genetic recombination in chromosome 6, ... Comparative genomic analysis reveals occurrence of genetic recombination in virulent Cryptosporidium hominis subtypes and ... Comparative genomic analysis reveals occurrence of genetic recombination in virulent Cryptosporidium hominis subtypes and ... Title : Comparative genomic analysis reveals occurrence of genetic recombination in virulent Cryptosporidium hominis subtypes ...
Table 1 - Genetic Recombination and Cryptosporidium hominis Virulent Subtype IbA10G2 - Volume 19, Number 10-October 2013 -...
genetic recombination in bacteria pdf
Genetic recombination (also known as genetic reshuffling) is the exchange of genetic material between different organisms which ... genetic recombination growth genetic recombination in bacteria pdf prototrophs: synthesize all nutrients... In microorganism ( ... Genetic Analysis of Recombination in Bacteria 358 Isolating Rec" Mutants of E. coli 358 Other Recombination Genes 362 Gene ... Very seldomseparated by genetic recombination is, why it is also important for producing genetic diversity in bacterial.! These ...
Applying Public Health Strategies to Primary Immunodeficiency Diseases:
A Potential Approach to Genetic Disorders
... or a defect in the recombination-activating gene (RAG). The genetic defect has not been identified for certain forms of SCID. ... Evaluation of Genetic Tests. In 1999, the National Institutes of Health (NIH)-U.S. Department of Energy Task Force on Genetic ... Genetic Tests and PI Diseases. Advances in molecular biology and genetic technology have facilitated localization of disease ... genetic testing examining a sample of blood or other body fluid or tissue for biochemical, chromosomal, or genetic markers that ...
Recombination Between Endogenous and Exogenous Simian Virus 40 Genes. II. Biochemical Evidence for Genetic Exchange - Wikidata
Recombination Between Endogenous and Exogenous Simian Virus 40 Genes. II. Biochemical Evidence for Genetic Exchange (English) ... Recombination Between Endogenous and Exogenous Simian Virus 40 Genes. II. Biochemical Evidence for Genetic Exchange. scientific ... Recombination between endogenous and exogenous simian virus 40 genes. I. Rescue of a simian virus 40 temperature-sensitive ... Genetic recombinants and heterozygotes derived from endogenous and exogenous avian RNA tumor viruses ...
Evidence for new theory of genetic recombination - EnviroAura
New findings suggest an explanation for the century-old mystery of how chromosome recombination is regulated during sexual ... Evidence for new theory of genetic recombination. Leave a Comment / Environmental News ... New findings suggest an explanation for the century-old mystery of how chromosome recombination is regulated during sexual ...
RAD51 gene: MedlinePlus Genetics
recombination protein A. Additional Information & Resources. Tests Listed in the Genetic Testing Registry. *Tests of RAD51 ... Health Conditions Related to Genetic Changes. Congenital mirror movement disorder. At least four RAD51 gene mutations have been ... Insights into DNA recombination from the structure of a RAD51-BRCA2 complex. Nature. 2002 Nov 21;420(6913):287-93. doi: 10.1038 ... By helping repair DNA, these three proteins play a role in maintaining the stability of a cells genetic information. ...
1 Expert In "Genetic recombination" • University of Guelph Media Guide
Genetic recombination instead sexual breeding for the AspergiIlus nidulans - Shemeza Clouds
Genetic recombination instead sexual breeding for the AspergiIlus nidulans. By John McKay , May 9, 2022. 0 Comments ... and results from genetic crossings (see Chapter 3). forty-two. Kafer, Age. (1977). Meiotic and mitotic recombination ... 1. Introduction Genetic analysis is certainly limited by several fungus, especially those that would be without difficulty sex ... Swart, K., P. J. Van der Vondervoort, C. F. B. Witteveen,J. Visser (1990). Genetic localization out of a few family genes ...
Genetic transformation of Nicotiana africana Merxm. with plasmids containing lox recombination sites
... Shcherbak N.L., ... Shcherbak N.L., Belokurova V.B., Komarnitski I.K., Kuchuk N.V. Genetic transformation of Nicotiana africana Merxm. with ... An efficient genetic transformation method for african tobacco Nicotiana africana Merxm. has been established. African tobacco ... plasmids containing lox recombination sites, Tsitol Genet., 2004, vol. 38, no. 4, pp. 3-8.. ...
Mus81/Mms4 endonuclease and Sgs1 helicase collaborate to ensure proper recombination intermediate metabolism during meiosis
We show that mutants lacking both enzymes have profound defects in meiotic recombination intermediate metabolism and crossove … ... and indirect studies implicate homologous recombination gone awry as the cause of death. ... Promoter Regions, Genetic / genetics * RecQ Helicases / genetics * RecQ Helicases / metabolism* * Recombination, Genetic / ... Recombination intermediates (joint molecules, JMs) accumulate in these cells, many with structures that are infrequent in wild- ...
recombination - BioEngineering
Japanese Institute Selects Aspera's Server to Support Genetic Data Transfer | GenomeWeb
Thermo Fisher Introduces Homologous Recombination Deficiency Score for Cancer Profiling Assay Premium ... Survey Sees Genetic Literacy on the Rise, Though Further Education Needed Survey participants appear to have higher genetic ... Japanese Institute Selects Asperas Server to Support Genetic Data Transfer May 05, 2012 ...
American Trypanosomiasis Chagas Disease - 2nd Edition
An integrated map of genetic variation from 1,092 human genomes | Nature
... the 1000 Genomes Project aims to build a resource to help to understand the genetic contribution to disease. Here we describe ... By characterizing the geographic and functional spectrum of human genetic variation, ... Analysis of archaic human haplotypes suggests that 5hmC acts as an epigenetic guide for NCO recombination *Bernett Lee ... Recent efforts to map human genetic variation by sequencing exomes1 and whole genomes2,3,4 have characterized the vast majority ...
Euphresco DROP - Detecting Genetic Introgression: High Levels of Intersubspecific Recombination Found in Xylella fastidiosa in...
Detecting Genetic Introgression: High Levels of Intersubspecific Recombination Found in Xylella fastidiosa in Brazil. EUPHRESCO ... 2012): Detecting Genetic Introgression: High Levels of Intersubspecific Recombination Found in Xylella fastidiosa in Brazil. ... only recently after it gained genetic variation via intersubspecific recombination, facilitating a switch from native hosts. A ... plum leaf scald homologous recombination clonal diversity united-states sao-paulo strains sequence bacteria ...
GenesMeiosisMutationChromosomesLociChromosomeMeiotic recombinationDiversityGenomicFine-scale recombinationIncreased recombination ratesGenomesVariation in recombinationModels of recombinationAbsence of recombinationLinkagePopulationsAutosomalMale recombinationHigher recombinationMitotic recombinationAllelesHotspotsAnalysesPathwaysMolecularVirusesVariabilityGenome-wideEukaryotesOccurConjugation2021MarkersDonorFrequencyBRCAOccursTranspositionProteinShuffling genetic variationNonhomologousHeterogeneityUndergoSpeciesPhylogeneticVirulenceTransformationGenotypesEvolution2020PathwayGenomicsProteinsVirulentOrganismPolymorphismEvolutionary forcesMus81HeterozygositySequencePhenotypicGene conversionDifferentiationVivoRobustness
Genes15
- Here, we screened for polymorphisms in exons 2 and 3 of the IA1 and IA2 genes in 12 golden pheasant populations across the Chinese mainland to characterize their genetic variation levels, to understand the effects of historical positive selection and recombination in shaping class I diversity, and to investigate the genetic structure of wild golden pheasant populations. (biomedcentral.com)
- Moreover, the recombination events detected between the genes and the intermingled phylogenetic pattern indicate that interlocus recombination accounts for much of the allelic variation in IA2 . (biomedcentral.com)
- In several other vertebrates, part of that individual variation in recombination rate (in the gametes passed on by that individual) is genetic, and associated with regions close to known meiosis-genes. (onunicornsandgenes.blog)
- We did not find the hits that they found, and they did not find the hits we found, or any previously known candidate genes for recombination. (onunicornsandgenes.blog)
- In this instance, the issue of recombination is to ensure that each gamete includes both maternally and paternally derived genetic information, such that the resulting offspring will inherit genes from all four of its grandparents, thereby acquiring a maximum amount of genetic diversity. (aviationbrief.com)
- Both these genes arelocated within the chromosome W. In the same generation the recessive sex gene was identified withinthe chromosome Z. Objective 7 Genetic recombinationGenetic recombination involves involves combining DNA from 2 different sources into a single molecule. (nordic-athletics.org)
- Genetic Analysis of Recombination in Bacteria 358 Isolating Rec" Mutants of E. coli 358 Other Recombination Genes 362 Gene Conversion and Other Manifestations of Heteroduplex Formation during Recombination 364 SUMMARY 366 QUESTIONS FOR THOUGHT 367 PROBLEMS 367 SUGGESTED READING 368 CHAPTER 11 DNA Repair and Mutagenesis 369 Evidence for DNA Repair 370 Specific … The total nitrogen quantity was determined throughKjeldahl method. (nordic-athletics.org)
- In bacterial genetics, the probability that recombination did not occur between genes is usually determined. (nordic-athletics.org)
- Recombination Between Endogenous and Exogenous Simian Virus 40 Genes. (wikidata.org)
- Genetic localization out of a few family genes impacting glucose oxidase profile inside Aspergillur niger. (shemezaclouds.com)
- Although natural crossover recombination modifier loci have been detected in plants, causal genes have remained. (researchgate.net)
- Recombination or crossing-over produces new combinations of genes due to interchange of corresponding segments between nonsister chromatids of homologous chromosomes, thus, it is an important evolutionary factor. (who.int)
- We found that strains of tetracycline-resistant sequence type 468 GBS have acquired virulence genes from a putative clonal complex 17 GBS donor by recombination. (cdc.gov)
- Simon Boulton added, 'Many cancer cells lose the ability to use homologous recombination, such as when BRCA genes involved in homologous recombination become mutated, and become reliant on repair functions provided by POLQ. (takethehealth.com)
- Tightly linked genes show low recombination. (bankofbiology.com)
Meiosis10
- In aspergillus nidulans, which has a sexual cycle and in which the results of genetic analysis based on meiosis are available, mitotic mapping has been compared with, and helped by, meiotic mapping. (gla.ac.uk)
- Recombination between chromosomes during meiosis leads to shuffling of genetic material between chromosomes, creating new combinations of alleles. (onunicornsandgenes.blog)
- It is believed that recombination in meiosis serves to reshuffle genetic material from both parents to increase genetic variation in the progeny. (researchgate.net)
- During meiosis, homologous chromosomes undergo crossover recombination, which creates genetic diversity and balances homolog segregation. (researchgate.net)
- During meiosis homologous chromosomes undergo crossover recombination. (researchgate.net)
- At the heart of meiosis is crossover recombination, i.e., reciprocal exchange of chromosome fragments between parental genomes. (researchgate.net)
- Surprisingly, in most eukaryotes, including plants, several recombination pathways that can result in crossover event operate in parallel during meiosis. (researchgate.net)
- Genetic recombination is a process of crossover between chromosomes during MEIOSIS (meiosis = a very specialized cell division that creates eggs and sperm for reproduction). (thegeneticgenealogist.com)
- Further, the presence of chiasmata during meiosis in males at a frequency capable of accounting for the observed recombination frequency extends evidence for meiotic origin of recombination in males of D. ananassae. (who.int)
- Results: We demonstrate that recombination is extremely suppressed during meiosis in Sd. (elsevier.com)
Mutation5
- Documenting the role of novel mutation versus homologous recombination in bacterial evolution, and especially in the invasion of new hosts, is central to understanding the long-term dynamics of pathogenic bacteria. (euphresco.net)
- X-linked ichthyosis is a genetic disorder caused by a mutation in the enzyme steroid sulfatase (STS). (medscape.com)
- Mutation and recombination are primarily responsible for generating the genetic variability in natural populations of microorganisms, plant and animal species including humans. (who.int)
- The mutation for adult polycystic kidney disease (APKD) has previously been localised to chromosome 16 by the demonstration of genetic linkage with the loci for the alpha-chain of haemoglobin and phosphoglycolate phosphatase. (ox.ac.uk)
- Coronaviruses are single-stranded RNA viruses with some unique characteristics such as the possession of a very large nucleic acid, high infidelity of the RNA-dependent polymerase, and high rate of mutation and recombination in the genome. (bvsalud.org)
Chromosomes11
- If loxP sites are on different chromosomes it is possible for translocation events to be catalysed by Cre induced recombination. (cbd.int)
- Illustrating that, here is a figure from the paper showing how recombination rate varies along the chromosomes of the pig genome. (onunicornsandgenes.blog)
- Female recombination rate is higher than male recombination rate on most chromosomes, and in particular in regions of higher recombination rate in the middle of certain chromosomes. (onunicornsandgenes.blog)
- DNA recombination involves the exchange of genetic material either between multiple chromosomes or between unlike regions of the aforementioned chromosome. (aviationbrief.com)
- The part of recombination during the inheritance of chromosomes was first demonstrated through experiments with maize. (aviationbrief.com)
- Specifically, in 1931, Barbara McClintock and Harriet Creighton obtained bear witness for recombination by physically tracking an unusual knob structure inside certain maize chromosomes through multiple genetic crosses. (aviationbrief.com)
- Breaks in DNA can be caused by natural and medical radiation or other environmental exposures, and also occur when chromosomes exchange genetic material in preparation for cell division. (medlineplus.gov)
- instead, a few pieces are traded between nonsister chromosomes in a process called RECOMBINATION. (thegeneticgenealogist.com)
- Genetic maps of the homoeologous group-2 chromosomes were constructed, comprising 114 loci in wheat and 34 loci in rye. (usda.gov)
- ATR also regulates loading of recombinases RAD51 and DMC1 to DSBs and recombination focus dynamics on synapsed and asynapsed chromosomes. (figshare.com)
- Background: Intermixing of genomes through meiotic reassortment and recombination of homologous chromosomes is a unifying theme of sexual reproduction in eukaryotic organisms and is considered crucial for their adaptive evolution. (elsevier.com)
Loci6
- We conducted sequence analyses of 32 genetic loci of 53 C. hominis specimens isolated from a longitudinally followed cohort of children living in a small community. (cdc.gov)
- Given recombination, if the average frequency of the favored alleles at the various selected loci is equal to p, then the expected number of favorable alleles per chromosome will be equal to pL, where L is the number of loci. (harvard.edu)
- Using additional sequencing around these loci, we established that the seven randomly chosen MLST targets contained seven regions of introgression totaling 2,172 bp of 4,161 bp (52%), only 409 bp (10%) of which were detected by other recombination tests. (euphresco.net)
- Clustering of loci in the centromeric regions of the maps, resulting from the concentration of recombination events in the distal chromosomal regions, is observed in wheat and rye, but not in barley. (usda.gov)
- Furthermore, loci for which homoeoloci can be detected in rye and barley tend to lie in the centromeric regions of the maps, while non-homoeologous and wheat-specific loci tend to be more evenly distributed over the genetic maps. (usda.gov)
- These studies were carried out, however, on only nine families so that the possibility remained that mutations at other genetic loci might produce the disease. (ox.ac.uk)
Chromosome7
- We find a similar sex difference, with higher recombination in females on all autosomes except chromosome 1 and 13, and a stronger association with GC content in females. (onunicornsandgenes.blog)
- New findings suggest an explanation for the century-old mystery of how chromosome recombination is regulated during sexual reproduction. (enviroaura.in)
- These results indicate that Sgs1 and Mus81/Mms4 collaborate to direct meiotic recombination toward interhomolog interactions that promote proper chromosome segregation, and also indicate that Mus81/Mms4 promotes JM resolution in vivo. (nih.gov)
- Identification of a locus which shows no genetic recombination with the autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease gene on chromosome 16. (ox.ac.uk)
- It has twice the genetic material but it is still one chromosome. (khanacademy.org)
- Such genetic heterogeneity of linkage would invalidate the general use of chromosome 16 markers for the purposes of detection of the disease, and complicate the characterisation of APKD at the molecular level. (ox.ac.uk)
- Sep 22, 2022 Telomere vesicles retained the Rad51 recombination factor that enabled telomere fusion with T-cell chromosome ends lengthening them by an average of 3,000 base pairs. (hilfenetzwerk-cic.de)
Meiotic recombination4
- We show that mutants lacking both enzymes have profound defects in meiotic recombination intermediate metabolism and crossover (CO) formation. (nih.gov)
- Another research area which has been recently established in my lab is genetic control of meiotic recombination in plants. (researchgate.net)
- ludwigii has followed a unique evolutionary trajectory that possibly derives fitness benefits from the combination of frequent mating between products of the same meiotic event with the extreme suppression of meiotic recombination. (elsevier.com)
- This life style ensures preservation of heterozygosity throughout its genome and may enable the species to adapt to its environment and survive with only minimal levels of rare meiotic recombination. (elsevier.com)
Diversity10
- Despite this, nucleotide diversity and population-scaled recombination are positively correlated in eukaryote genomes. (researchgate.net)
- These resources will support ongoing oak genetic improvement efforts and provide insights into the evolution of Quercus and current standing species diversity. (botanyconference.org)
- Low genetic diversity may be an Achilles heel of SARS-CoV-2. (cdc.gov)
- In a bi-parental population, only the polymorphisms between the two parents can be queried, whereas in a GWA population the number of polymorphisms is determined by the genetic diversity of the entire germplasm panel. (biomedcentral.com)
- Little is known about the extent of the genetic diversity and its structuring patterns in protist species living in lakes. (edu.au)
- Here, we have investigated the genetic diversity patterns within five dinoflagellate species (Peridinium aciculiferum, Peridinium cinctum, Peridiniopsis borgei, Polarella glacialis, Scrippsiella aff. (edu.au)
- In addition, our study shows that protists with identical ITS sequences can harbor considerable amounts of genetic diversity. (edu.au)
- We used WGS analysis of 3 ST468 isolates recovered from neonates in Minnesota to test the hypothesis that recombination is a main driver of genetic diversity among serotype IV GBS. (cdc.gov)
- The introduction of diversity into the genetic make-up of cancer cells makes it more likely that harmful characteristics will arise. (takethehealth.com)
- They exhibit considerable genetic and host diversity, causing diseases of gastrointestinal and respiratory system in a wide range of vertebrate hosts including humans. (bvsalud.org)
Genomic5
- and reasons for emergence of virulent subtypes are poorly understood because of availability of only limited genomic sequence data and lack of robust cultivation systems and genetic manipulation tools ( 13 ). (cdc.gov)
- A variety of genomic features have been identified as being associated with regions of high recombination. (biomedcentral.com)
- iv) an outlook for genetic control in infectious diseases, with special emphasis on the concept of molecular networks that will provide a structure to the huge amount of genomic data. (scielo.br)
- A strong AT bias of spontaneous mutations and the absence of recombination are likely responsible for its unusually low genomic GC level. (elsevier.com)
- Genomic features and classification of homologous recombination deficient pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. (researchtopractice.com)
Fine-scale recombination4
- To understand the role of recombination generating and maintaining haplotypic variation in a population, we can construct fine-scale recombination maps. (biomedcentral.com)
- Here we present a fine-scale recombination map for ten populations of Theobroma cacao - a non-model, long-lived, woody crop. (biomedcentral.com)
- We generated fine-scale recombination maps for ten populations of Theobroma cacao and used them to understand what processes are associated with population-level variation in this species. (biomedcentral.com)
- As this study used pedigrees and SNP chips with much coarser density than this, we cannot say much about the fine-scale recombination landscape. (onunicornsandgenes.blog)
Increased recombination rates1
- Our results provide support to the hypothesis of increased recombination rates in domesticated plants (Criollo population). (biomedcentral.com)
Genomes4
- By characterizing the geographic and functional spectrum of human genetic variation, the 1000 Genomes Project aims to build a resource to help to understand the genetic contribution to disease. (nature.com)
- Recent efforts to map human genetic variation by sequencing exomes 1 and whole genomes 2 , 3 , 4 have characterized the vast majority of common single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and many structural variants across the genome. (nature.com)
- Reproductive strategies such as sexual reproduction and recombination that involve the shuffling of parental genomes for the production of offspring are ubiquitous in nature. (semanticscholar.org)
- Using these five genomes and genotyping by sequencing of additional pseudo-F 2 population members, this experimental design enables the exploration of the recombination and inheritance patterns of this variation. (botanyconference.org)
Variation in recombination1
- Our paper on genetic variation in recombination in the pig just came out the other week. (onunicornsandgenes.blog)
Models of recombination1
- In this paper, we revisit the classic Fisher-Muller models of recombination, taking into account the abundant standing variation that is commonly seen in natural populations. (harvard.edu)
Absence of recombination1
- In the absence of recombination, however, selection will be limited to the highest-fitness genotypes that are already present in the initial population. (harvard.edu)
Linkage8
- We identified by linkage disequilibrium and recombination analyses only limited genetic recombination, which occurred exclusively within the 60-kDa glycoprotein gene subtype IbA10G2, a predominant subtype for outbreaks in industrialized nations and a virulent subtype in the study community. (cdc.gov)
- Genetic studies ofAsperg'llus niger: separation of chlorate opposition mutants their include in mitotic mapping and proof to own a 8th linkage category. (shemezaclouds.com)
- Finally, SNP rs224108 on 10q21.2 showed high significance for AD in joint analysis of GWAS and replication study ( P meta = 4.55 × 10 −9 , OR = 1.21), and was confirmed as an independent genetic marker by Linkage disequilibrium calculation and conditional logistic regression analysis. (frontiersin.org)
- A study of genetic linkage heterogeneity in adult polycystic kidney disease. (ox.ac.uk)
- No evidence was found to suggest heterogeneity of genetic linkage between alpha-globin and the APKD locus in this population. (ox.ac.uk)
- The genome-wide association (GWA) approach represents an alternative to biparental linkage mapping for determining the genetic basis of trait variation. (biomedcentral.com)
- The genome-wide association (GWA) approach represents an alternative to biparental linkage mapping for the determination of the genetic basis of traits [ 12 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
- The major advantages of GWA over biparental linkage mapping lie in the much wider variability in phenotype and genotype made accessible, a history of multiple rounds of recombination in many different lineages and the inclusion of germplasm of direct relevance to crop improvement. (biomedcentral.com)
Populations16
- Consequently, recombination acts to unblock the adaptive response to multi-locus selection in finite populations. (harvard.edu)
- We use this map to elucidate the dynamics of recombination rates in distinct populations of the same species, one of which is domesticated. (biomedcentral.com)
- Mean recombination rates in range between 2.5 and 8.6 cM/Mb for most populations of T. cacao with the exception of the domesticated Criollo (525 cM/Mb) and Guianna, a more recently established population (46.5 cM/Mb). (biomedcentral.com)
- We found little overlap in the location of hotspots of recombination across populations. (biomedcentral.com)
- We propose a testable mechanistic hypothesis for the change in recombination rate in domesticated populations in the form of mutations to a previously identified recombination-suppressing protein. (biomedcentral.com)
- In this paper, we estimated recombination rates in nine genotyped pedigree populations of pigs, and used that to perform genome-wide association studies of recombination rate. (onunicornsandgenes.blog)
- Fig 6 from the paper, showing genome-wide association results for eight of the populations (one had too few individuals with recombination rate estimates after filtering for GWAS). (onunicornsandgenes.blog)
- Different populations, where recombinations are estimated independently, also have similar recombination landscapes. (onunicornsandgenes.blog)
- Significance The majority of eukaryotes reproduce sexually, creating genetic variation within populations. (researchgate.net)
- In some cases, our analyses suggested the presence of different genetically homogeneous subgroups (genetic populations) within the same water body. (edu.au)
- Thus, it appears that different genetic populations can coexist within the same lake despite the likely occurrence of recombination that tends to homogenize the gene pool. (edu.au)
- Adaptation requires genetic variation, but founder populations are generally genetically depleted. (wurmlab.com)
- Low genetic and phenotypic variation is common in founder populations, where only one or a few genotypes are isolated from a source population. (wurmlab.com)
- In spite of strong genetic bottlenecks, even single colonies with few reproductive individuals suffice to establish stable populations. (wurmlab.com)
- We find clear phenotypic differences between the populations and strong correlation between accumulations of TEs ('TE islands') and genetic variation. (wurmlab.com)
- Our results suggest that TE islands might function as spring wells for genetic diversification in founder populations of this invasive species. (wurmlab.com)
Autosomal6
- The heritability of autosomal recombination rate was around 0.07 in females, 0.05 in males. (onunicornsandgenes.blog)
- Autosomal dominant is a pattern of inheritance characteristic of some genetic disorders. (genome.gov)
- Huntington's disease is an example of an autosomal dominant genetic disorder. (genome.gov)
- Autosomal recessive is a pattern of inheritance characteristic of some genetic disorders. (genome.gov)
- Sickle cell anemia is an example of an autosomal recessive genetic disorder. (genome.gov)
- FA is primarily an autosomal recessive genetic disorder. (wikipedia.org)
Male recombination3
- therefore, the overall female:male recombination ratio is 0.82:1. (usda.gov)
- Singh Bashisth N.. Drosophila ananassae: a species characterized by spontaneous male recombination in appreciable frequency. (who.int)
- This unusual phenomenon in D. ananassae is influenced by various genetic factors as well as it shows strain variation as far as frequency of male recombination is concerned. (who.int)
Higher recombination1
- We find mutations in FIGL-1, a protein shown to downregulate cross-over frequency in Arabidopsis, statistically associated to higher recombination rates in domesticated Criollo. (biomedcentral.com)
Mitotic recombination5
- Pontecorvo, G. and Kafer, E. (1958) Genetic analysis based on mitotic recombination. (gla.ac.uk)
- This chapter illustrates that formal genetic analysis by means of mitotic recombination is perfectly feasible. (gla.ac.uk)
- But in other similar organisms, such as aspergillus niger, in which a sexual cycle is unknown, mitotic recombination is the only means available so far toward formal genetic analysis and breeding for scientific or applied purposes. (gla.ac.uk)
- 1977). Meiotic and mitotic recombination inAspergirrus nidulans and its particular chromosomal aberrations. (shemezaclouds.com)
- Hereditary data according to mitotic recombination. (shemezaclouds.com)
Alleles2
- Frequent recombination events resulted in at least 9 recombinant IA2 alleles, in accordance with the intermingling pattern of the phylogenetic tree. (biomedcentral.com)
- Under such conditions, reduced effective population size (Ne) should decrease selection efficiency and increase genetic drift, resulting in only weak selection against mildly deleterious alleles which can thus accumulate 2 . (wurmlab.com)
Hotspots6
- Finally, we establish a number of possible correlates of recombination hotspots that help explain general patterns of recombination in this species. (biomedcentral.com)
- The importance of recombination hotspots lies in their ability to shuffle genetic variation at higher rates than the rest of the genome, profoundly impacting the dynamics of selection for or against specific mutations [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
- In this study, we focus on locally defined recombination hotspots, requiring that their recombination rate be unusually high when compared to neighboring regions. (biomedcentral.com)
- How about recombination hotspots and PRDM9? (onunicornsandgenes.blog)
- At a very fine scale, most recombination tends to occur in hotspots of around a few kilobasepairs. (onunicornsandgenes.blog)
- 2012 ) found a positive correlation between counts of the PRDM9 DNA-binding motif and recombination rate, which is biologically plausible, as more PRDM9 motifs should mean more hotspots. (onunicornsandgenes.blog)
Analyses2
- Based on MCMC phylogenetic analysis, SimPlot recombination analyses, and intragroup genetic distance, the isolate 007N full-length genome is unique compared to other reported D/E recombinants in Africa. (cdc.gov)
- Although the species has retained an intact meiotic gene repertoire, genetic and population analyses suggest the exceptionally rare occurrence of meiotic crossovers in its genome. (elsevier.com)
Pathways2
- The basic steps of recombination can occur in two pathways, according to whether the initial intermission is single or double stranded. (aviationbrief.com)
- Homologous recombination in bacteria was originally discovered as a process that not only exchanges genetic material but also provides one of the major pathways of DNA-damage repair. (nordic-athletics.org)
Molecular2
- As part of a collaborative effort to employ molecular genetic technologies in striped bass breeding programs, nearly 500 microsatellite markers were previously developed from repeat-enriched libraries. (usda.gov)
- These results are discussed in terms of the molecular mechanism of transformational recombination. (cdc.gov)
Viruses2
- Two new studies of RNA viruses are discussed and two new theories suggested that recombination has been favored by selection because of the nature of epistatic interactions are discussed. (semanticscholar.org)
- Antigenic shifts are probably due to genetic recombination (an exchange of a gene segment) between influenza A viruses that affect humans and/or animals. (cdc.gov)
Variability2
- The exponential growth of genome sequence information has induced a shift from conventional culture-based to genome-based vaccinology, and allows the tackling of challenges in vaccine development due to pathogen genetic variability. (scielo.br)
- Novel variants generated by recombination between different HBV genotypes have been documented worldwide and represent an important element of genetic variability with possible clinical implications. (cdc.gov)
Genome-wide1
- 2021 ) published a genome-wide association study of recombination rate in the pig. (onunicornsandgenes.blog)
Eukaryotes1
- Every bit in eukaryotes, recombination likewise plays important roles in Dna repair and replication in prokaryotic organisms. (aviationbrief.com)
Occur3
- When cells that have loxP sites in their genome express Cre, a recombination event can occur between the loxP sites. (cbd.int)
- Genetic recombination has been shown to occur in Pseudomonas aeruginosa. (nordic-athletics.org)
- The mutations occur as a consequence of the cell's DNA repair machinery, over which the genetic engineer has no control. (gmwatch.org)
Conjugation1
- Conjugation: In this process, the exchange of genetic mate-rial takes place through a conjugation tube between the two cells of bacteria. (biologydiscussion.com)
20211
- Genetic Programming and Evolvable Machines, 22(4):573-605, 2021. (upenn.edu)
Markers6
- We conducted a comparative population genetic analysis of virulent C. homini s subtype IbA10G2 in children living in a periurban community in Lima, Peru, by multilocus sequence typing (MLST) of 32 genetic markers. (cdc.gov)
- For two genetic markers on the same DNA molecule, the closer two genetic markers are to each other, the more often they will be coinherited. (nordic-athletics.org)
- Three additional probes have now been mapped within an existing array of genetic markers flanking this locus. (ox.ac.uk)
- Genetic maps which reveal the relationships of markers and traits as they are inherited throughout generations are useful to develop modern approaches to improve the efficiency of animal breeding. (usda.gov)
- These changes and markers of genetic instability are driven by a failure of DNA repair systems and cell cycle regulation. (frontiersin.org)
- Genetic grouping of SARS-CoV-2 coronavirus sequences using informative subtype markers for pandemic spread visualization. (cdc.gov)
Donor1
- In these cases, a sister chromatid serves as the donor of missing fabric via recombination followed past DNA synthesis. (aviationbrief.com)
Frequency2
- Different regimes of recombination can strongly influence how efficient selection is at purging deleterious mutations and increasing the frequency of beneficial mutations in the population [ 1 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
- Recombination occurs at very low rate in all these species except for D. ananassae, which shows spontaneous male crossing over in appreciable frequency, which is meiotic in origin. (who.int)
BRCA5
- In 2019, the USPSTF issued updated guidelines on risk assessment, genetic counseling, and genetic testing for BRCA -related cancer in women. (medscape.com)
- Women with a positive screening result should receive genetic counseling, with further BRCA testing if warranted. (medscape.com)
- Women without a family history associated with an increased risk for mutations should not receive routine risk assessment, genetic counseling, or BRCA testing. (medscape.com)
- Without head-to-head comparative data, testing for the presence of BRCA mutations and homologous recombination-deficient (HRD) status remain the optimal ways to select between the PARP inhibitors olaparib (Lynparza), niraparib (Zejula), or rucaparib (Rubraca) for maintenance treatment of patients with ovarian cancer, according to Bobbie J. Rimel, MD. (onclive.com)
- Olaparib monotherapy for previously treated pancreatic cancer with DNA damage repair genetic alterations other than germline BRCA variants: Findings from 2 phase 2 nonrandomized clinical trials. (researchtopractice.com)
Occurs4
- Recombination too occurs in prokaryotic cells, and information technology has been especially well characterized in E. coli . (aviationbrief.com)
- Interestingly, recombination occurs in females of D. melanogaster but not in males. (who.int)
- Recombination between genotypes occurs in regions where multiple genotypes co-circulate and facilitates diversification within individuals and in the general population. (cdc.gov)
- Homologous recombination occurs frequently in GBS and can involve vast areas of the genome in some lineages ( 8 , 9 ). (cdc.gov)
Transposition1
- TEs play a particularly vital role in genome evolution 9 and recurringly generate adaptive phenotypes 10,11,12,13 primarily through (retro-)transposition 14 , and secondarily through ectopic recombination and aberrant transposition 15 . (wurmlab.com)
Protein2
- This process, known as transformational recombination, is dependent in part on the mmsA gene, which encodes a protein having a sequence that is 40% identical to that of the Escherichia coli RecG protein, a junction-specific DNA helicase believed to be involved in the branch migration of recombinational intermediates. (cdc.gov)
- The human bone morphogenet ic protein (rhBMP) developed by genetic engineering, was isolated by Urist, in 1965, and it is considered a substance capable of inducing differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells into osteoblasts, the cells that are responsible for the synthesis of bone matrix. (bvsalud.org)
Shuffling genetic variation1
- Recombination plays an important evolutionary role by breaking up haplotypes and shuffling genetic variation. (biomedcentral.com)
Nonhomologous1
- Various cases of nonhomologous recombination do exist, however. (aviationbrief.com)
Heterogeneity2
- There is likely a genetic and biochemical heterogeneity of X-linked ichthyosis. (medscape.com)
- Expanded genome-wide comparisons give novel insights into population structure and genetic heterogeneity of Leishmania tropica complex. (cdc.gov)
Undergo1
- Meiotic cells undergo genetic exchange between homologs through programmed DNA double-strand break (DSB) formation, recombination and synapsis. (figshare.com)
Species3
- Genetic improvement of this species through selective breeding will facilitate progress towards production efficiency. (usda.gov)
- Depletion of genetic variation is detrimental to species evolution and adaptation 1 . (wurmlab.com)
- At the same time, the combination of prolonged inbreeding with severe genetic bottlenecks strongly reduces Ne in this species. (wurmlab.com)
Phylogenetic1
- A consensus sequence was extracted from the NGS data and underwent phylogenetic analysis to determine genotype, as well as the recombination pattern. (cdc.gov)
Virulence1
- Genetic determinants for virulence of Cryptosporidium spp. (cdc.gov)
Transformation3
- Genetic transformation of Nicotiana africana Merxm. (cytgen.com)
- An efficient genetic transformation method for african tobacco Nicotiana africana Merxm. (cytgen.com)
- Shcherbak N.L., Belokurova V.B., Komarnitski I.K., Kuchuk N.V. Genetic transformation of Nicotiana africana Merxm. (cytgen.com)
Genotypes2
- But as the allele frequencies rise in response to selection the missing genotypes will be generated by recombination. (harvard.edu)
- 1. Some genetic abnormalities, their genotypes and features are distributed in columns A, B and C respectively. (bankofbiology.com)
Evolution3
- We show that the generation of new genotypic combinations through recombination is an important component of adaptive evolution based on multi-locus selection. (harvard.edu)
- Upon such genetic variations, elemental forces of evolution such as natural selection, random genetic drift and migration operate to bring about micro-evolutionary changes. (who.int)
- ludwigii as an excellent natural forum for the study of genome evolution and recombination rates. (elsevier.com)
20202
Pathway1
- Double-strand DNA breaks in bacteria are repaired by the RecBCD pathway of homologous recombination. (nordic-athletics.org)
Genomics1
- Additionally, recent advances in immunogenetics and genomics should help in the understanding of the influence of genetic factors on the interindividual and interpopulation variations in immune responses to vaccines, and could be useful for developing new vaccine strategies. (scielo.br)
Proteins2
- By helping repair DNA, these three proteins play a role in maintaining the stability of a cell's genetic information. (medlineplus.gov)
- FA is the result of a genetic defect in a cluster of proteins responsible for DNA repair via homologous recombination . (wikipedia.org)
Virulent1
- Intensive transmission of virulent subtype IbA10G2 in the study area might have resulted in genetic recombination with other subtypes. (cdc.gov)
Organism2
- Before an organism reproduces it often reshuffles its genetic information. (scientificamerican.com)
- Regulation must start from consideration of the genetic engineering process used to create the gene-edited organism ("process-based regulation"), so that regulators know where things can go wrong and what to look for. (gmwatch.org)
Polymorphism2
Evolutionary forces1
- Genetic recombination is an important source of genome-wide genetic variation fundamental for evolutionary forces like selection and genetic drift to act. (biomedcentral.com)
Mus811
- Budding yeast lacking the Sgs1 helicase and the Mus81/Mms4 endonuclease are inviable, and indirect studies implicate homologous recombination gone awry as the cause of death. (nih.gov)
Heterozygosity1
- To investigate interactions between heterozygosity and recombination we crossed Arabidopsi. (researchgate.net)
Sequence5
- We present the analysis of the genome sequence of MYXV SG33 vaccine strain, which confirms the presence of a large right-end deletion and shows evidence of a field recombination between a wild-type and a vaccine strain. (cdc.gov)
- A codon is a DNA or RNA sequence of three nucleotides (a trinucleotide) that forms a unit of genetic information encoding a particular amino acid. (genome.gov)
- A significant amount of similarity was identified by comparing the striped bass genetic map with the genome sequence of a model fish, the three-spined stickleback. (usda.gov)
- Genome sequence-based curation of PubMLST data challenges interspecies recombination in the Burkholderia cepacia complex. (cdc.gov)
- Genome analysis that identified recombination in sequence type (ST) 468 strains of group B Streptococcus . (cdc.gov)
Phenotypic1
- The major advantages of GWA lie in being able to sample a much wider range of the phenotypic and genotypic variation present, in being able to exploit multiple rounds of historical recombination in many different lineages and to include multiple accessions of direct relevance to crop improvement. (biomedcentral.com)
Gene conversion2
- Recombination in bacteria is analogous to gene conversion rather than crossing over in sexually repro-ducing organisms (McVean et al. (nordic-athletics.org)
- MHC class II ß exon 2 variation in pardalotes (Pardalotidae) is shaped by selection, recombination and gene conversion. (raoulmulder.org)
Differentiation1
- however, significant genetic differentiation was observed between pheasants from the northern and southern regions of the Yangtze River. (biomedcentral.com)
Vivo1
- Furthermore, our data strongly suggest that the virus isolate from which SG33 is derived results from an in vivo recombination between a wild-type South America (Lausanne) strain and a California MSD-derived strain. (cdc.gov)
Robustness1
- Using an artificial gene network model, this work finds that recombination between gene networks imposes selection for genetic robustness, and that negative epistasis evolves as a by-product of this selection. (semanticscholar.org)
