Recombinant proteins. Medical search

Proteins prepared by recombinant DNA technology.

Descriptions of specific amino acid, carbohydrate, or nucleotide sequences which have appeared in the published literature and/or are deposited in and maintained by databanks such as GENBANK, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), National Biomedical Research Foundation (NBRF), or other sequence repositories.

The order of amino acids as they occur in a polypeptide chain. This is referred to as the primary structure of proteins. It is of fundamental importance in determining PROTEIN CONFORMATION.

The insertion of recombinant DNA molecules from prokaryotic and/or eukaryotic sources into a replicating vehicle, such as a plasmid or virus vector, and the introduction of the resultant hybrid molecules into recipient cells without altering the viability of those cells.

Recombinant proteins produced by the GENETIC TRANSLATION of fused genes formed by the combination of NUCLEIC ACID REGULATORY SEQUENCES of one or more genes with the protein coding sequences of one or more genes.

A species of gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic, rod-shaped bacteria (GRAM-NEGATIVE FACULTATIVELY ANAEROBIC RODS) commonly found in the lower part of the intestine of warm-blooded animals. It is usually nonpathogenic, but some strains are known to produce DIARRHEA and pyogenic infections. Pathogenic strains (virotypes) are classified by their specific pathogenic mechanisms such as toxins (ENTEROTOXIGENIC ESCHERICHIA COLI), etc.

The sequence of PURINES and PYRIMIDINES in nucleic acids and polynucleotides. It is also called nucleotide sequence.

DNA molecules capable of autonomous replication within a host cell and into which other DNA sequences can be inserted and thus amplified. Many are derived from PLASMIDS; BACTERIOPHAGES; or VIRUSES. They are used for transporting foreign genes into recipient cells. Genetic vectors possess a functional replicator site and contain GENETIC MARKERS to facilitate their selective recognition.

Family of INSECT VIRUSES containing two subfamilies: Eubaculovirinae (occluded baculoviruses) and Nudibaculovirinae (nonoccluded baculoviruses). The Eubaculovirinae, which contain polyhedron-shaped inclusion bodies, have two genera: NUCLEOPOLYHEDROVIRUS and GRANULOVIRUS. Baculovirus vectors are used for expression of foreign genes in insects.

Small synthetic peptides that mimic surface antigens of pathogens and are immunogenic, or vaccines manufactured with the aid of recombinant DNA techniques. The latter vaccines may also be whole viruses whose nucleic acids have been modified.

Biologically active DNA which has been formed by the in vitro joining of segments of DNA from different sources. It includes the recombination joint or edge of a heteroduplex region where two recombining DNA molecules are connected.

Yeast-like ascomycetous fungi of the family Saccharomycetaceae, order SACCHAROMYCETALES isolated from exuded tree sap.

The degree of similarity between sequences of amino acids. This information is useful for the analyzing genetic relatedness of proteins and species.

Single-stranded complementary DNA synthesized from an RNA template by the action of RNA-dependent DNA polymerase. cDNA (i.e., complementary DNA, not circular DNA, not C-DNA) is used in a variety of molecular cloning experiments as well as serving as a specific hybridization probe.

The phenotypic manifestation of a gene or genes by the processes of GENETIC TRANSCRIPTION and GENETIC TRANSLATION.

Established cell cultures that have the potential to propagate indefinitely.

An immunoassay utilizing an antibody labeled with an enzyme marker such as horseradish peroxidase. While either the enzyme or the antibody is bound to an immunosorbent substrate, they both retain their biologic activity; the change in enzyme activity as a result of the enzyme-antibody-antigen reaction is proportional to the concentration of the antigen and can be measured spectrophotometrically or with the naked eye. Many variations of the method have been developed.

A genus of owlet moths of the family Noctuidae. These insects are used in molecular biology studies during all stages of their life cycle.

Extrachromosomal, usually CIRCULAR DNA molecules that are self-replicating and transferable from one organism to another. They are found in a variety of bacterial, archaeal, fungal, algal, and plant species. They are used in GENETIC ENGINEERING as CLONING VECTORS.

Procedures by which protein structure and function are changed or created in vitro by altering existing or synthesizing new structural genes that direct the synthesis of proteins with sought-after properties. Such procedures may include the design of MOLECULAR MODELS of proteins using COMPUTER GRAPHICS or other molecular modeling techniques; site-specific mutagenesis (MUTAGENESIS, SITE-SPECIFIC) of existing genes; and DIRECTED MOLECULAR EVOLUTION techniques to create new genes.

The process in which substances, either endogenous or exogenous, bind to proteins, peptides, enzymes, protein precursors, or allied compounds. Specific protein-binding measures are often used as assays in diagnostic assessments.

Electrophoresis in which a polyacrylamide gel is used as the diffusion medium.

Proteins found in any species of bacterium.

The arrangement of two or more amino acid or base sequences from an organism or organisms in such a way as to align areas of the sequences sharing common properties. The degree of relatedness or homology between the sequences is predicted computationally or statistically based on weights assigned to the elements aligned between the sequences. This in turn can serve as a potential indicator of the genetic relatedness between the organisms.

The rate dynamics in chemical or physical systems.

Body of knowledge related to the use of organisms, cells or cell-derived constituents for the purpose of developing products which are technically, scientifically and clinically useful. Alteration of biologic function at the molecular level (i.e., GENETIC ENGINEERING) is a central focus; laboratory methods used include TRANSFECTION and CLONING technologies, sequence and structure analysis algorithms, computer databases, and gene and protein structure function analysis and prediction.

A characteristic feature of enzyme activity in relation to the kind of substrate on which the enzyme or catalytic molecule reacts.

Short sequences (generally about 10 base pairs) of DNA that are complementary to sequences of messenger RNA and allow reverse transcriptases to start copying the adjacent sequences of mRNA. Primers are used extensively in genetic and molecular biology techniques.

The use of genetic methodologies to improve functional capacities of an organism rather than to treat disease.

Identification of proteins or peptides that have been electrophoretically separated by blot transferring from the electrophoresis gel to strips of nitrocellulose paper, followed by labeling with antibody probes.

Proteins found in any species of protozoan.

The level of protein structure in which combinations of secondary protein structures (alpha helices, beta sheets, loop regions, and motifs) pack together to form folded shapes called domains. Disulfide bridges between cysteines in two different parts of the polypeptide chain along with other interactions between the chains play a role in the formation and stabilization of tertiary structure. Small proteins usually consist of only one domain but larger proteins may contain a number of domains connected by segments of polypeptide chain which lack regular secondary structure.

Any part or derivative of any protozoan that elicits immunity; malaria (Plasmodium) and trypanosome antigens are presently the most frequently encountered.

The parts of a macromolecule that directly participate in its specific combination with another molecule.

Immunoglobulins produced in a response to PROTOZOAN ANTIGENS.

A subfamily in the family MURIDAE, comprising the hamsters. Four of the more common genera are Cricetus, CRICETULUS; MESOCRICETUS; and PHODOPUS.

The uptake of naked or purified DNA by CELLS, usually meaning the process as it occurs in eukaryotic cells. It is analogous to bacterial transformation (TRANSFORMATION, BACTERIAL) and both are routinely employed in GENE TRANSFER TECHNIQUES.

Production of new arrangements of DNA by various mechanisms such as assortment and segregation, CROSSING OVER; GENE CONVERSION; GENETIC TRANSFORMATION; GENETIC CONJUGATION; GENETIC TRANSDUCTION; or mixed infection of viruses.

A chromatographic technique that utilizes the ability of biological molecules to bind to certain ligands specifically and reversibly. It is used in protein biochemistry. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)

The class Insecta, in the phylum ARTHROPODA, whose members are characterized by division into three parts: head, thorax, and abdomen. They are the dominant group of animals on earth; several hundred thousand different kinds having been described. Three orders, HEMIPTERA; DIPTERA; and SIPHONAPTERA; are of medical interest in that they cause disease in humans and animals. (From Borror et al., An Introduction to the Study of Insects, 4th ed, p1)

The major immunoglobulin isotype class in normal human serum. There are several isotype subclasses of IgG, for example, IgG1, IgG2A, and IgG2B.

Genetically engineered MUTAGENESIS at a specific site in the DNA molecule that introduces a base substitution, or an insertion or deletion.

Substances elaborated by bacteria that have antigenic activity.

The species Oryctolagus cuniculus, in the family Leporidae, order LAGOMORPHA. Rabbits are born in burrows, furless, and with eyes and ears closed. In contrast with HARES, rabbits have 22 chromosome pairs.

The chemical or biochemical addition of carbohydrate or glycosyl groups to other chemicals, especially peptides or proteins. Glycosyl transferases are used in this biochemical reaction.

The sum of the weight of all the atoms in a molecule.

Cells propagated in vitro in special media conducive to their growth. Cultured cells are used to study developmental, morphologic, metabolic, physiologic, and genetic processes, among others.

CELL LINE derived from the ovary of the Chinese hamster, Cricetulus griseus (CRICETULUS). The species is a favorite for cytogenetic studies because of its small chromosome number. The cell line has provided model systems for the study of genetic alterations in cultured mammalian cells.

The ability of a substance to be dissolved, i.e. to form a solution with another substance. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 6th ed)

Transport proteins that carry specific substances in the blood or across cell membranes.

Partial proteins formed by partial hydrolysis of complete proteins or generated through PROTEIN ENGINEERING techniques.

The characteristic 3-dimensional shape of a protein, including the secondary, supersecondary (motifs), tertiary (domains) and quaternary structure of the peptide chain. PROTEIN STRUCTURE, QUATERNARY describes the conformation assumed by multimeric proteins (aggregates of more than one polypeptide chain).

A change from planar to elliptic polarization when an initially plane-polarized light wave traverses an optically active medium. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)

In vitro method for producing large amounts of specific DNA or RNA fragments of defined length and sequence from small amounts of short oligonucleotide flanking sequences (primers). The essential steps include thermal denaturation of the double-stranded target molecules, annealing of the primers to their complementary sequences, and extension of the annealed primers by enzymatic synthesis with DNA polymerase. The reaction is efficient, specific, and extremely sensitive. Uses for the reaction include disease diagnosis, detection of difficult-to-isolate pathogens, mutation analysis, genetic testing, DNA sequencing, and analyzing evolutionary relationships.

A multistage process that includes cloning, physical mapping, subcloning, determination of the DNA SEQUENCE, and information analysis.

Directed modification of the gene complement of a living organism by such techniques as altering the DNA, substituting genetic material by means of a virus, transplanting whole nuclei, transplanting cell hybrids, etc.

Any detectable and heritable change in the genetic material that causes a change in the GENOTYPE and which is transmitted to daughter cells and to succeeding generations.

Immunoglobulins produced in response to VIRAL ANTIGENS.

Immunoglobulins produced in a response to BACTERIAL ANTIGENS.

Processes involved in the formation of TERTIARY PROTEIN STRUCTURE.

Diagnostic procedures involving immunoglobulin reactions.

A sequence of successive nucleotide triplets that are read as CODONS specifying AMINO ACIDS and begin with an INITIATOR CODON and end with a stop codon (CODON, TERMINATOR).

Deliberate stimulation of the host's immune response. ACTIVE IMMUNIZATION involves administration of ANTIGENS or IMMUNOLOGIC ADJUVANTS. PASSIVE IMMUNIZATION involves administration of IMMUNE SERA or LYMPHOCYTES or their extracts (e.g., transfer factor, immune RNA) or transplantation of immunocompetent cell producing tissue (thymus or bone marrow).

Sites on an antigen that interact with specific antibodies.

Antibodies produced by a single clone of cells.

A large collection of DNA fragments cloned (CLONING, MOLECULAR) from a given organism, tissue, organ, or cell type. It may contain complete genomic sequences (GENOMIC LIBRARY) or complementary DNA sequences, the latter being formed from messenger RNA and lacking intron sequences.

Cell line derived from SF21 CELLS which are a cell line isolated from primary explants of SPODOPTERA FRUGIPERDA pupal tissue.

Models used experimentally or theoretically to study molecular shape, electronic properties, or interactions; includes analogous molecules, computer-generated graphics, and mechanical structures.

RNA sequences that serve as templates for protein synthesis. Bacterial mRNAs are generally primary transcripts in that they do not require post-transcriptional processing. Eukaryotic mRNA is synthesized in the nucleus and must be exported to the cytoplasm for translation. Most eukaryotic mRNAs have a sequence of polyadenylic acid at the 3' end, referred to as the poly(A) tail. The function of this tail is not known for certain, but it may play a role in the export of mature mRNA from the nucleus as well as in helping stabilize some mRNA molecules by retarding their degradation in the cytoplasm.

Immunologic method used for detecting or quantifying immunoreactive substances. The substance is identified by first immobilizing it by blotting onto a membrane and then tagging it with labeled antibodies.

Domesticated bovine animals of the genus Bos, usually kept on a farm or ranch and used for the production of meat or dairy products or for heavy labor.

Vaccines made from antigens arising from any of the four strains of Plasmodium which cause malaria in humans, or from P. berghei which causes malaria in rodents.

The internal fragments of precursor proteins (INternal proTEINS) that are autocatalytically removed by PROTEIN SPLICING. The flanking fragments (EXTEINS) are ligated forming mature proteins. The nucleic acid sequences coding for inteins are considered to be MOBILE GENETIC ELEMENTS. Inteins are composed of self-splicing domains and an endonuclease domain which plays a role in the spread of the intein's genomic sequence. Mini-inteins are composed of the self-splicing domains only.

Proteins found in plants (flowers, herbs, shrubs, trees, etc.). The concept does not include proteins found in vegetables for which VEGETABLE PROTEINS is available.

The type species of ORTHOPOXVIRUS, related to COWPOX VIRUS, but whose true origin is unknown. It has been used as a live vaccine against SMALLPOX. It is also used as a vector for inserting foreign DNA into animals. Rabbitpox virus is a subspecies of VACCINIA VIRUS.

Protein analogs and derivatives of the Aequorea victoria green fluorescent protein that emit light (FLUORESCENCE) when excited with ULTRAVIOLET RAYS. They are used in REPORTER GENES in doing GENETIC TECHNIQUES. Numerous mutants have been made to emit other colors or be sensitive to pH.

Proteins found in any species of virus.

Serological reactions in which an antiserum against one antigen reacts with a non-identical but closely related antigen.

The relationships of groups of organisms as reflected by their genetic makeup.

A deoxyribonucleotide polymer that is the primary genetic material of all cells. Eukaryotic and prokaryotic organisms normally contain DNA in a double-stranded state, yet several important biological processes transiently involve single-stranded regions. DNA, which consists of a polysugar-phosphate backbone possessing projections of purines (adenine and guanine) and pyrimidines (thymine and cytosine), forms a double helix that is held together by hydrogen bonds between these purines and pyrimidines (adenine to thymine and guanine to cytosine).

Insects of the suborder Heterocera of the order LEPIDOPTERA.

Any part or derivative of a helminth that elicits an immune reaction. The most commonly seen helminth antigens are those of the schistosomes.

Members of the class of compounds composed of AMINO ACIDS joined together by peptide bonds between adjacent amino acids into linear, branched or cyclical structures. OLIGOPEPTIDES are composed of approximately 2-12 amino acids. Polypeptides are composed of approximately 13 or more amino acids. PROTEINS are linear polypeptides that are normally synthesized on RIBOSOMES.

Proteins which are found in membranes including cellular and intracellular membranes. They consist of two types, peripheral and integral proteins. They include most membrane-associated enzymes, antigenic proteins, transport proteins, and drug, hormone, and lectin receptors.

Methods used for studying the interactions of antibodies with specific regions of protein antigens. Important applications of epitope mapping are found within the area of immunochemistry.

A transferase that catalyzes the addition of aliphatic, aromatic, or heterocyclic FREE RADICALS as well as EPOXIDES and arene oxides to GLUTATHIONE. Addition takes place at the SULFUR. It also catalyzes the reduction of polyol nitrate by glutathione to polyol and nitrite.

Conformational transitions of a protein from unfolded states to a more folded state.

The extent to which an enzyme retains its structural conformation or its activity when subjected to storage, isolation, and purification or various other physical or chemical manipulations, including proteolytic enzymes and heat.

Vaccines consisting of one or more antigens that stimulate a strong immune response. They are purified from microorganisms or produced by recombinant DNA techniques, or they can be chemically synthesized peptides.

The functional hereditary units of BACTERIA.

The property of antibodies which enables them to react with some ANTIGENIC DETERMINANTS and not with others. Specificity is dependent on chemical composition, physical forces, and molecular structure at the binding site.

Immunoglobulin molecules having a specific amino acid sequence by virtue of which they interact only with the ANTIGEN (or a very similar shape) that induced their synthesis in cells of the lymphoid series (especially PLASMA CELLS).

Conjugated protein-carbohydrate compounds including mucins, mucoid, and amyloid glycoproteins.

Suspensions of attenuated or killed protozoa administered for the prevention or treatment of infectious protozoan disease.

Proteins obtained from ESCHERICHIA COLI.

The property of objects that determines the direction of heat flow when they are placed in direct thermal contact. The temperature is the energy of microscopic motions (vibrational and translational) of the particles of atoms.

A family of non-enveloped viruses infecting mammals (MASTADENOVIRUS) and birds (AVIADENOVIRUS) or both (ATADENOVIRUS). Infections may be asymptomatic or result in a variety of diseases.

PLANTS, or their progeny, whose GENOME has been altered by GENETIC ENGINEERING.

Suspensions of attenuated or killed viruses administered for the prevention or treatment of infectious viral disease.

Suspensions of attenuated or killed bacteria administered for the prevention or treatment of infectious bacterial disease.

The facilitation of a chemical reaction by material (catalyst) that is not consumed by the reaction.

An analytical method used in determining the identity of a chemical based on its mass using mass analyzers/mass spectrometers.

Substances elaborated by viruses that have antigenic activity.

The normality of a solution with respect to HYDROGEN ions; H+. It is related to acidity measurements in most cases by pH = log 1/2[1/(H+)], where (H+) is the hydrogen ion concentration in gram equivalents per liter of solution. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 6th ed)

An essential amino acid that is required for the production of HISTAMINE.

A genus of the family Muridae consisting of eleven species. C. migratorius, the grey or Armenian hamster, and C. griseus, the Chinese hamster, are the two species used in biomedical research.

The level of protein structure in which regular hydrogen-bond interactions within contiguous stretches of polypeptide chain give rise to alpha helices, beta strands (which align to form beta sheets) or other types of coils. This is the first folding level of protein conformation.

Immunoglobulins produced in a response to HELMINTH ANTIGENS.

A generic term for any circumscribed mass of foreign (e.g., lead or viruses) or metabolically inactive materials (e.g., ceroid or MALLORY BODIES), within the cytoplasm or nucleus of a cell. Inclusion bodies are in cells infected with certain filtrable viruses, observed especially in nerve, epithelial, or endothelial cells. (Stedman, 25th ed)

Use of restriction endonucleases to analyze and generate a physical map of genomes, genes, or other segments of DNA.

The first continuously cultured human malignant CELL LINE, derived from the cervical carcinoma of Henrietta Lacks. These cells are used for VIRUS CULTIVATION and antitumor drug screening assays.

Layers of protein which surround the capsid in animal viruses with tubular nucleocapsids. The envelope consists of an inner layer of lipids and virus specified proteins also called membrane or matrix proteins. The outer layer consists of one or more types of morphological subunits called peplomers which project from the viral envelope; this layer always consists of glycoproteins.

Substances that augment, stimulate, activate, potentiate, or modulate the immune response at either the cellular or humoral level. The classical agents (Freund's adjuvant, BCG, Corynebacterium parvum, et al.) contain bacterial antigens. Some are endogenous (e.g., histamine, interferon, transfer factor, tuftsin, interleukin-1). Their mode of action is either non-specific, resulting in increased immune responsiveness to a wide variety of antigens, or antigen-specific, i.e., affecting a restricted type of immune response to a narrow group of antigens. The therapeutic efficacy of many biological response modifiers is related to their antigen-specific immunoadjuvanticity.

Proteins found in any species of helminth.

Chromatography on non-ionic gels without regard to the mechanism of solute discrimination.

Administration of vaccines to stimulate the host's immune response. This includes any preparation intended for active immunological prophylaxis.

Tools or devices for generating products using the synthetic or chemical conversion capacity of a biological system. They can be classical fermentors, cell culture perfusion systems, or enzyme bioreactors. For production of proteins or enzymes, recombinant microorganisms such as bacteria, mammalian cells, or insect or plant cells are usually chosen.

Liquid chromatographic techniques which feature high inlet pressures, high sensitivity, and high speed.

Glycoproteins found on the membrane or surface of cells.

A plant genus of the family SOLANACEAE. Members contain NICOTINE and other biologically active chemicals; its dried leaves are used for SMOKING.

A species of CERCOPITHECUS containing three subspecies: C. tantalus, C. pygerythrus, and C. sabeus. They are found in the forests and savannah of Africa. The African green monkey (C. pygerythrus) is the natural host of SIMIAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS and is used in AIDS research.

The process by which two molecules of the same chemical composition form a condensation product or polymer.

Proteins isolated from the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria.

The relationship between the chemical structure of a compound and its biological or pharmacological activity. Compounds are often classed together because they have structural characteristics in common including shape, size, stereochemical arrangement, and distribution of functional groups.

Amino acid sequences found in transported proteins that selectively guide the distribution of the proteins to specific cellular compartments.

Biologically functional sequences of DNA chemically synthesized in vitro.

Linear POLYPEPTIDES that are synthesized on RIBOSOMES and may be further modified, crosslinked, cleaved, or assembled into complex proteins with several subunits. The specific sequence of AMINO ACIDS determines the shape the polypeptide will take, during PROTEIN FOLDING, and the function of the protein.

The formation of crystalline substances from solutions or melts. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)

Proteins that form the CAPSID of VIRUSES.

The introduction of functional (usually cloned) GENES into cells. A variety of techniques and naturally occurring processes are used for the gene transfer such as cell hybridization, LIPOSOMES or microcell-mediated gene transfer, ELECTROPORATION, chromosome-mediated gene transfer, TRANSFECTION, and GENETIC TRANSDUCTION. Gene transfer may result in genetically transformed cells and individual organisms.

Elements of limited time intervals, contributing to particular results or situations.

A species of protozoa that is the causal agent of falciparum malaria (MALARIA, FALCIPARUM). It is most prevalent in the tropics and subtropics.

Recombinant DNA vectors encoding antigens administered for the prevention or treatment of disease. The host cells take up the DNA, express the antigen, and present it to the immune system in a manner similar to that which would occur during natural infection. This induces humoral and cellular immune responses against the encoded antigens. The vector is called naked DNA because there is no need for complex formulations or delivery agents; the plasmid is injected in saline or other buffers.

A multistage process that includes the determination of a sequence (protein, carbohydrate, etc.), its fragmentation and analysis, and the interpretation of the resulting sequence information.

Any of various enzymatically catalyzed post-translational modifications of PEPTIDES or PROTEINS in the cell of origin. These modifications include carboxylation; HYDROXYLATION; ACETYLATION; PHOSPHORYLATION; METHYLATION; GLYCOSYLATION; ubiquitination; oxidation; proteolysis; and crosslinking and result in changes in molecular weight and electrophoretic motility.

Binary classification measures to assess test results. Sensitivity or recall rate is the proportion of true positives. Specificity is the probability of correctly determining the absence of a condition. (From Last, Dictionary of Epidemiology, 2d ed)

Structurally related forms of an enzyme. Each isoenzyme has the same mechanism and classification, but differs in its chemical, physical, or immunological characteristics.

The relationship between the dose of an administered drug and the response of the organism to the drug.

Periplasmic proteins that bind MALTOSE and maltodextrin. They take part in the maltose transport system of BACTERIA.

The restriction of a characteristic behavior, anatomical structure or physical system, such as immune response; metabolic response, or gene or gene variant to the members of one species. It refers to that property which differentiates one species from another but it is also used for phylogenetic levels higher or lower than the species.

The major interferon produced by mitogenically or antigenically stimulated LYMPHOCYTES. It is structurally different from TYPE I INTERFERON and its major activity is immunoregulation. It has been implicated in the expression of CLASS II HISTOCOMPATIBILITY ANTIGENS in cells that do not normally produce them, leading to AUTOIMMUNE DISEASES.

The process of cleaving a chemical compound by the addition of a molecule of water.

DNA sequences which are recognized (directly or indirectly) and bound by a DNA-dependent RNA polymerase during the initiation of transcription. Highly conserved sequences within the promoter include the Pribnow box in bacteria and the TATA BOX in eukaryotes.

A form of antibodies consisting only of the variable regions of the heavy and light chains (FV FRAGMENTS), connected by a small linker peptide. They are less immunogenic than complete immunoglobulin and thus have potential therapeutic use.

The introduction of a phosphoryl group into a compound through the formation of an ester bond between the compound and a phosphorus moiety.

A species of the genus SACCHAROMYCES, family Saccharomycetaceae, order Saccharomycetales, known as "baker's" or "brewer's" yeast. The dried form is used as a dietary supplement.

The measurement of infection-blocking titer of ANTISERA by testing a series of dilutions for a given virus-antiserum interaction end-point, which is generally the dilution at which tissue cultures inoculated with the serum-virus mixtures demonstrate cytopathology (CPE) or the dilution at which 50% of test animals injected with serum-virus mixtures show infectivity (ID50) or die (LD50).

Cells grown in vitro from neoplastic tissue. If they can be established as a TUMOR CELL LINE, they can be propagated in cell culture indefinitely.

CELL LINES derived from the CV-1 cell line by transformation with a replication origin defective mutant of SV40 VIRUS, which codes for wild type large T antigen (ANTIGENS, POLYOMAVIRUS TRANSFORMING). They are used for transfection and cloning. (The CV-1 cell line was derived from the kidney of an adult male African green monkey (CERCOPITHECUS AETHIOPS).)

Partial immunoglobulin molecules resulting from selective cleavage by proteolytic enzymes or generated through PROTEIN ENGINEERING techniques.

Techniques and strategies which include the use of coding sequences and other conventional or radical means to transform or modify cells for the purpose of treating or reversing disease conditions.

A mass spectrometric technique that is used for the analysis of large biomolecules. Analyte molecules are embedded in an excess matrix of small organic molecules that show a high resonant absorption at the laser wavelength used. The matrix absorbs the laser energy, thus inducing a soft disintegration of the sample-matrix mixture into free (gas phase) matrix and analyte molecules and molecular ions. In general, only molecular ions of the analyte molecules are produced, and almost no fragmentation occurs. This makes the method well suited for molecular weight determinations and mixture analysis.

A group of enzymes that catalyzes the hydrolysis of terminal, non-reducing beta-D-galactose residues in beta-galactosides. Deficiency of beta-Galactosidase A1 may cause GANGLIOSIDOSIS, GM1.

Chemical groups containing the covalent disulfide bonds -S-S-. The sulfur atoms can be bound to inorganic or organic moieties.

The biosynthesis of RNA carried out on a template of DNA. The biosynthesis of DNA from an RNA template is called REVERSE TRANSCRIPTION.

Glycoprotein hormone, secreted chiefly by the KIDNEY in the adult and the LIVER in the FETUS, that acts on erythroid stem cells of the BONE MARROW to stimulate proliferation and differentiation.

A genus of the family BACULOVIRIDAE, subfamily Eubaculovirinae, characterized by the formation of crystalline, polyhedral occlusion bodies in the host cell nucleus. The type species is Autographa californica nucleopolyhedrovirus.

Organisms whose GENOME has been changed by a GENETIC ENGINEERING technique.

Peptides composed of between two and twelve amino acids.

The space between the inner and outer membranes of a cell that is shared with the cell wall.

The outer protein protective shell of a virus, which protects the viral nucleic acid.

The naturally occurring or experimentally induced replacement of one or more AMINO ACIDS in a protein with another. If a functionally equivalent amino acid is substituted, the protein may retain wild-type activity. Substitution may also diminish, enhance, or eliminate protein function. Experimentally induced substitution is often used to study enzyme activities and binding site properties.

The functional hereditary units of VIRUSES.

A thiol-containing non-essential amino acid that is oxidized to form CYSTINE.

A group of deoxyribonucleotides (up to 12) in which the phosphate residues of each deoxyribonucleotide act as bridges in forming diester linkages between the deoxyribose moieties.

Substances found in PLANTS that have antigenic activity.

A genus of silkworm MOTHS in the family Bombycidae of the order LEPIDOPTERA. The family contains a single species, Bombyx mori from the Greek for silkworm + mulberry tree (on which it feeds). A native of Asia, it is sometimes reared in this country. It has long been raised for its SILK and after centuries of domestication it probably does not exist in nature. It is used extensively in experimental GENETICS. (From Borror et al., An Introduction to the Study of Insects, 4th ed, p519)

A variation of the PCR technique in which cDNA is made from RNA via reverse transcription. The resultant cDNA is then amplified using standard PCR protocols.

A form of fluorescent antibody technique commonly used to detect serum antibodies and immune complexes in tissues and microorganisms in specimens from patients with infectious diseases. The technique involves formation of an antigen-antibody complex which is labeled with fluorescein-conjugated anti-immunoglobulin antibody. (From Bennington, Saunders Dictionary & Encyclopedia of Laboratory Medicine and Technology, 1984)

Common name for the species Gallus gallus, the domestic fowl, in the family Phasianidae, order GALLIFORMES. It is descended from the red jungle fowl of SOUTHEAST ASIA.

Deoxyribonucleic acid that makes up the genetic material of bacteria.

A method (first developed by E.M. Southern) for detection of DNA that has been electrophoretically separated and immobilized by blotting on nitrocellulose or other type of paper or nylon membrane followed by hybridization with labeled NUCLEIC ACID PROBES.

Methods and techniques used to genetically modify cells' biosynthetic product output and develop conditions for growing the cells as BIOREACTORS.

Any of various animals that constitute the family Suidae and comprise stout-bodied, short-legged omnivorous mammals with thick skin, usually covered with coarse bristles, a rather long mobile snout, and small tail. Included are the genera Babyrousa, Phacochoerus (wart hogs), and Sus, the latter containing the domestic pig (see SUS SCROFA).

Proteins which are involved in the phenomenon of light emission in living systems. Included are the "enzymatic" and "non-enzymatic" types of system with or without the presence of oxygen or co-factors.

Deletion of sequences of nucleic acids from the genetic material of an individual.

Deoxyribonucleic acid that makes up the genetic material of viruses.

The process of intracellular viral multiplication, consisting of the synthesis of PROTEINS; NUCLEIC ACIDS; and sometimes LIPIDS, and their assembly into a new infectious particle.

Antigen-type substances that produce immediate hypersensitivity (HYPERSENSITIVITY, IMMEDIATE).

A biosensing technique in which biomolecules capable of binding to specific analytes or ligands are first immobilized on one side of a metallic film. Light is then focused on the opposite side of the film to excite the surface plasmons, that is, the oscillations of free electrons propagating along the film's surface. The refractive index of light reflecting off this surface is measured. When the immobilized biomolecules are bound by their ligands, an alteration in surface plasmons on the opposite side of the film is created which is directly proportional to the change in bound, or adsorbed, mass. Binding is measured by changes in the refractive index. The technique is used to study biomolecular interactions, such as antigen-antibody binding.

Serum that contains antibodies. It is obtained from an animal that has been immunized either by ANTIGEN injection or infection with microorganisms containing the antigen.

Cell-surface components or appendages of bacteria that facilitate adhesion (BACTERIAL ADHESION) to other cells or to inanimate surfaces. Most fimbriae (FIMBRIAE, BACTERIAL) of gram-negative bacteria function as adhesins, but in many cases it is a minor subunit protein at the tip of the fimbriae that is the actual adhesin. In gram-positive bacteria, a protein or polysaccharide surface layer serves as the specific adhesin. What is sometimes called polymeric adhesin (BIOFILMS) is distinct from protein adhesin.

Proteins which bind to DNA. The family includes proteins which bind to both double- and single-stranded DNA and also includes specific DNA binding proteins in serum which can be used as markers for malignant diseases.

Viral proteins that are components of the mature assembled VIRUS PARTICLES. They may include nucleocapsid core proteins (gag proteins), enzymes packaged within the virus particle (pol proteins), and membrane components (env proteins). These do not include the proteins encoded in the VIRAL GENOME that are produced in infected cells but which are not packaged in the mature virus particle,i.e. the so called non-structural proteins (VIRAL NONSTRUCTURAL PROTEINS).

Any of the processes by which cytoplasmic or intercellular factors influence the differential control of gene action in bacteria.

Suspensions of killed or attenuated microorganisms (bacteria, viruses, fungi, protozoa), antigenic proteins, synthetic constructs, or other bio-molecular derivatives, administered for the prevention, amelioration, or treatment of infectious and other diseases.

A surface protein found on Plasmodium species which induces a T-cell response. The antigen is polymorphic, sharing amino acid sequence homology among PLASMODIUM FALCIPARUM; PLASMODIUM CHABAUDI; PLASMODIUM VIVAX; and PLASMODIUM YOELII.

Proteins found in any species of insect.

Suspensions of attenuated or killed fungi administered for the prevention or treatment of infectious fungal disease.

Commonly observed structural components of proteins formed by simple combinations of adjacent secondary structures. A commonly observed structure may be composed of a CONSERVED SEQUENCE which can be represented by a CONSENSUS SEQUENCE.

Analysis of PEPTIDES that are generated from the digestion or fragmentation of a protein or mixture of PROTEINS, by ELECTROPHORESIS; CHROMATOGRAPHY; or MASS SPECTROMETRY. The resulting peptide fingerprints are analyzed for a variety of purposes including the identification of the proteins in a sample, GENETIC POLYMORPHISMS, patterns of gene expression, and patterns diagnostic for diseases.

Change brought about to an organisms genetic composition by unidirectional transfer (TRANSFECTION; TRANSDUCTION, GENETIC; CONJUGATION, GENETIC, etc.) and incorporation of foreign DNA into prokaryotic or eukaryotic cells by recombination of part or all of that DNA into the cell's genome.

The interaction of two or more substrates or ligands with the same binding site. The displacement of one by the other is used in quantitative and selective affinity measurements.

The study of crystal structure using X-RAY DIFFRACTION techniques. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)

Proteins found in any species of fungus.

Any of the processes by which nuclear, cytoplasmic, or intercellular factors influence the differential control (induction or repression) of gene action at the level of transcription or translation.

Detection of RNA that has been electrophoretically separated and immobilized by blotting on nitrocellulose or other type of paper or nylon membrane followed by hybridization with labeled NUCLEIC ACID PROBES.

The reconstitution of a protein's activity following denaturation.

A plant genus of the family BRASSICACEAE that contains ARABIDOPSIS PROTEINS and MADS DOMAIN PROTEINS. The species A. thaliana is used for experiments in classical plant genetics as well as molecular genetic studies in plant physiology, biochemistry, and development.

Apontic binds the translational repressor Bruno and is implicated in regulation of oskar mRNA translation. (1/70987)

The product of the oskar gene directs posterior patterning in the Drosophila oocyte, where it must be deployed specifically at the posterior pole. Proper expression relies on the coordinated localization and translational control of the oskar mRNA. Translational repression prior to localization of the transcript is mediated, in part, by the Bruno protein, which binds to discrete sites in the 3' untranslated region of the oskar mRNA. To begin to understand how Bruno acts in translational repression, we performed a yeast two-hybrid screen to identify Bruno-interacting proteins. One interactor, described here, is the product of the apontic gene. Coimmunoprecipitation experiments lend biochemical support to the idea that Bruno and Apontic proteins physically interact in Drosophila. Genetic experiments using mutants defective in apontic and bruno reveal a functional interaction between these genes. Given this interaction, Apontic is likely to act together with Bruno in translational repression of oskar mRNA. Interestingly, Apontic, like Bruno, is an RNA-binding protein and specifically binds certain regions of the oskar mRNA 3' untranslated region. (+info)

Mechanisms of GDF-5 action during skeletal development. (2/70987)

Mutations in GDF-5, a member of the TGF-beta superfamily, result in the autosomal recessive syndromes brachypod (bp) in mice and Hunter-Thompson and Grebe-type chondrodysplasias in humans. These syndromes are all characterised by the shortening of the appendicular skeleton and loss or abnormal development of some joints. To investigate how GDF-5 controls skeletogenesis, we overexpressed GDF-5 during chick limb development using the retrovirus, RCASBP. This resulted in up to a 37.5% increase in length of the skeletal elements, which was predominantly due to an increase in the number of chondrocytes. By injecting virus at different stages of development, we show that GDF-5 can increase both the size of the early cartilage condensation and the later developing skeletal element. Using in vitro micromass cultures as a model system to study the early steps of chondrogenesis, we show that GDF-5 increases chondrogenesis in a dose-dependent manner. We did not detect changes in proliferation. However, cell suspension cultures showed that GDF-5 might act at these stages by increasing cell adhesion, a critical determinant of early chondrogenesis. In contrast, pulse labelling experiments of GDF-5-infected limbs showed that at later stages of skeletal development GDF-5 can increase proliferation of chondrocytes. Thus, here we show two mechanisms of how GDF-5 may control different stages of skeletogenesis. Finally, our data show that levels of GDF-5 expression/activity are important in controlling the size of skeletal elements and provides a possible explanation for the variation in the severity of skeletal defects resulting from mutations in GDF-5. (+info)

Sonic hedgehog signaling by the patched-smoothened receptor complex. (3/70987)

BACKGROUND: The Hedgehog (Hh) family of secreted proteins is involved in a number of developmental processes as well as in cancer. Genetic and biochemical data suggest that the Sonic hedgehog (Shh) receptor is composed of at least two proteins: the tumor suppressor protein Patched (Ptc) and the seven-transmembrane protein Smoothened (Smo). RESULTS: Using a biochemical assay for activation of the transcription factor Gli, a downstream component of the Hh pathway, we show here that Smo functions as the signaling component of the Shh receptor, and that this activity can be blocked by Ptc. The inhibition of Smo by Ptc can be relieved by the addition of Shh. Furthermore, oncogenic forms of Smo are insensitive to Ptc repression in this assay. Mapping of the Smo domains required for binding to Ptc and for signaling revealed that the Smo-Ptc interaction involves mainly the amino terminus of Smo, and that the third intracellular loop and the seventh transmembrane domain are required for signaling. CONCLUSIONS: These data demonstrate that Smo is the signaling component of a multicomponent Hh receptor complex and that Ptc is a ligand-regulated inhibitor of Smo. Different domains of Smo are involved in Ptc binding and activation of a Gli reporter construct. The latter requires the third intracellular loop and the seventh transmembrane domain of Smo, regions often involved in coupling to G proteins. No changes in the levels of cyclic AMP or calcium associated with such pathways could be detected following receptor activation, however. (+info)

Relaxin is a potent renal vasodilator in conscious rats. (4/70987)

The kidneys and other nonreproductive organs vasodilate during early gestation; however, the "pregnancy hormones" responsible for the profound vasodilation of the renal circulation during pregnancy are unknown. We hypothesized that the ovarian hormone relaxin (RLX) contributes. Therefore, we tested whether the administration of RLX elicits renal vasodilation and hyperfiltration in conscious adult, intact female rats. After several days of treatment with either purified porcine RLX or recombinant human RLX 2 (rhRLX), effective renal plasma flow (ERPF) and glomerular filtration rate (GFR) increased by 20%-40%. Comparable renal vasodilation and hyperfiltration was also observed in ovariectomized rats, suggesting that estrogen and progesterone are unnecessary for the renal response to rhRLX. The nitric oxide synthase inhibitor Nomega-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester completely abrogated the increase in ERPF and GFR elicited by chronic administration of purified porcine RLX. In contrast, the renal vasoconstrictory response to angiotensin II was attenuated by the RLX treatment. Short-term infusion of purified porcine RLX to conscious rats over several hours failed to increase ERPF and GFR. Plasma osmolality was consistently reduced by the chronic administration of both RLX preparations. In conclusion, the renal and osmoregulatory effects of chronic RLX administration to conscious rats resemble the physiological changes of pregnancy in several respects: (a) marked increases in ERPF and GFR with a mediatory role for nitric oxide; (b) attenuation of the renal circulatory response to angiotensin II; and (c) reduction in plasma osmolality. (+info)

Caspase-mediated cleavage of p21Waf1/Cip1 converts cancer cells from growth arrest to undergoing apoptosis. (5/70987)

The cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p21waf1/Cip1 is a downstream effector of the p53-dependent cell growth arrest. We report herein that p21 was cleaved by caspase-3/CPP32 at the site of DHVD112L during the DNA damage-induced apoptosis of cancer cells. The cleaved p21 fragment could no more arrest the cells in G1 phase nor suppress the cells undergoing apoptosis because it failed to bind to the proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and lost its capability to localize in the nucleus. Thus, caspase-3-mediated cleavage and inactivation of p21 protein may convert cancer cells from growth arrest to undergoing apoptosis, leading to the acceleration of chemotherapy-induced apoptotic process in cancer cells. (+info)

Concomitant activation of pathways downstream of Grb2 and PI 3-kinase is required for MET-mediated metastasis. (6/70987)

The Met tyrosine kinase - the HGF receptor - induces cell transformation and metastasis when constitutively activated. Met signaling is mediated by phosphorylation of two carboxy-terminal tyrosines which act as docking sites for a number of SH2-containing molecules. These include Grb2 and p85 which couple the receptor, respectively, with Ras and PI 3-kinase. We previously showed that a Met mutant designed to obtain preferential coupling with Grb2 (Met2xGrb2) is permissive for motility, increases transformation, but - surprisingly - is impaired in causing invasion and metastasis. In this work we used Met mutants optimized for binding either p85 alone (Met2xPI3K) or p85 and Grb2 (MetPI3K/Grb2) to evaluate the relative importance of Ras and PI 3-kinase as downstream effectors of Met. Met2xPI3K was competent in eliciting motility, but not transformation, invasion, or metastasis. Conversely, MetP13K/Grb2 induced motility, transformation, invasion and metastasis as efficiently as wild type Met. Furthermore, the expression of constitutively active PI 3-kinase in cells transformed by the Met2xGrb2 mutant, fully rescued their ability to invade and metastasize. These data point to a central role for PI 3-kinase in Met-mediated invasiveness, and indicate that simultaneous activation of Ras and PI 3-kinase is required to unleash the Met metastatic potential. (+info)

C-myc overexpression and p53 loss cooperate to promote genomic instability. (7/70987)

p53 monitors genomic integrity at the G1 and G2/M cell cycle checkpoints. Cells lacking p53 may show gene amplification as well as the polyploidy or aneuploidy typical of many tumors. The pathways through which this develops, however, are not well defined. We demonstrate here that the combination of p53 inactivation and c-myc overexpression in diploid cells markedly accelerates the spontaneous development of tetraploidy. This is not seen with either N-myc or L-myc. Tetraploidy is accompanied by significantly higher levels of cyclin B and its associated cdc2 kinase activity. Mitotic spindle poisons accelerate the appearance of tetraploidy in cells either lacking functional p53 or overexpressing c-myc whereas the combination is additive. Restoration of p53 function in cells overexpressing c-myc causing rapid apoptosis, indicating that cells yet to become tetraploid have nonetheless suffered irreversible genomic and/or mitotic spindle damage. In the face of normal p53 function, such damage would either be repaired or trigger apoptotis. We propose that loss of p53 and overexpression of c-myc permits the emergence and survival of cells with increasingly severe damage and the eventual development of tetraploidy. (+info)

TIF1gamma, a novel member of the transcriptional intermediary factor 1 family. (8/70987)

We report the cloning and characterization of a novel member of the Transcriptional Intermediary Factor 1 (TIF1) gene family, human TIF1gamma. Similar to TIF1alpha and TIF1beta, the structure of TIF1beta is characterized by multiple domains: RING finger, B boxes, Coiled coil, PHD/TTC, and bromodomain. Although structurally related to TIF1alpha and TIF1beta, TIF1gamma presents several functional differences. In contrast to TIF1alpha, but like TIF1beta, TIF1 does not interact with nuclear receptors in yeast two-hybrid or GST pull-down assays and does not interfere with retinoic acid response in transfected mammalian cells. Whereas TIF1alpha and TIF1beta were previously found to interact with the KRAB silencing domain of KOX1 and with the HP1alpha, MODI (HP1beta) and MOD2 (HP1gamma) heterochromatinic proteins, suggesting that they may participate in a complex involved in heterochromatin-induced gene repression, TIF1gamma does not interact with either the KRAB domain of KOX1 or the HP1 proteins. Nevertheless, TIF1gamma, like TIF1alpha and TIF1beta, exhibits a strong silencing activity when tethered to a promoter. Since deletion of a novel motif unique to the three TIF1 proteins, called TIF1 signature sequence (TSS), abrogates transcriptional repression by TIF1gamma, this motif likely participates in TIF1 dependent repression. (+info)

The prefix "rh" for "recombinant human" appears less and less in the literature. A much larger number of recombinant proteins ... Protein production Gene expression Protein purification Host cell protein Young CL, Britton ZT, Robinson AS (May 2012). " ... For the studies of individual ribosomal proteins, the use of proteins that are produced and purified from recombinant sources ... and characterization of recombinant 60S ribosomal acidic proteins from Saccharomyces cerevisiae". Protein Expression and ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_recombinant_proteins

NGR-hTNF is a recombinant protein derived from the fusion between peptide CNGRCG and human tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα). ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NGR-hTNF_(antitumor_recombinant_protein)

Wingfield PT (April 2015). "Overview of the purification of recombinant proteins". Current Protocols in Protein Science. 80 (1 ... recombinant protein aggregation). For mammalian cells, synthesised proteins were reported to be secreted into chemically ... The baculovirus-insect cell expression system has the ability to express a variety of recombinant proteins at high levels and ... The vaccines contain purified VLP of the major capsid L1 protein produced by recombinant Saccharomyces cerevisiae. It has been ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recombinant_subunit_vaccine

Weissmann, Charles (2001). "Recombinant interferon - the 20th anniversary". In Buckel, Peter (ed.). Recombinant Protein Drugs. ... It is a recombinant form of the protein Interferon alpha-2 that was originally sequenced and produced recombinantly in E. coli ... It was also produced in 1986 in recombinant human form, in the Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology of Havana, Cuba ... but the period of usefulness is limited by the production of antibodies against this foreign protein. Interferon ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interferon_alfa-2b

... s are recombinant proteins. As they are manufactured using recombinant bacterial production processes, the batch-to- ... Affimer proteins display two peptide loops that can all be randomized to bind to desired target proteins, in a similar manner ... Affimers that inhibit protein-protein interactions can be produced with the potential to express these inhibitors in mammalian ... Affimer molecules are small proteins that bind to target proteins with affinity in the nanomolar range. These engineered non- ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Affimer

"Recombinant Human SH2D3A Protein". potassium-channel. Potassium Channel. 1 August 2017. Retrieved 18 September 2017. "SH2D3A ... SH2 domain-containing protein 3A is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SH2D3A gene. The protein may be useful in ... Lu Y, Brush J, Stewart TA (Apr 1999). "NSP1 defines a novel family of adaptor proteins linking integrin and tyrosine kinase ... "The secreted protein discovery initiative (SPDI), a large-scale effort to identify novel human secreted and transmembrane ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SH2D3A

"SURF2 Protein Human Recombinant , Surfeit 2 Antigen , ProSpec". v t e (Articles with short description, Short description ... SURF2 is a protein which in humans is encoded by the SURF2 gene.SURF2 is a member of the surfeit gene family. The SURF2 ... matches Wikidata, Protein pages needing a picture, Genes on human chromosome 9, Human gene pages with Wikidata item, All stub ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SURF2

"Nesfatin-1 Recombinant Protein". Archived from the original on 11 April 2013. Retrieved 21 March 2013. Pan, Weihong; Hsuchou, ... Nesfatin-1 is a polypeptide encoded in the N-terminal region of the protein precursor, Nucleobindin2 (NUCB2). Recombinant human ... nesfatin-1+protein,+rat at the US National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) (Articles with short description ... In addition, the protein stimulated insulin secretion from the pancreatic beta cells of both rats and mice. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nesfatin-1

The applications are increasing because recombinant DNA is very useful in creating proteins that are identical when exposed ... Recombinant Proteins from Plants. Methods in Molecular Biology. Vol. 483. pp. 103-134. doi:10.1007/978-1-59745-407-0_7. ISBN ... stable proteins by capture on commercially produced protein A resins. Production of antibodies in whole transgenic plants, such ... A recombinant DNA is an artificial DNA that is created by combining two or more sequences that would not normally come together ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plantibody

Rosenberg HF (April 1995). "Recombinant human eosinophil cationic protein. Ribonuclease activity is not essential for ... Eosinophil cationic protein (ECP) also known as ribonuclease 3 is a basic protein located in the eosinophil primary matrix. In ... Eosinophil+Cationic+Protein at the US National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) RNASE3+protein,+human at the ... Both proteins possess neurotoxic, helmintho-toxic, and ribonucleo-lytic activities. Eosinophil cationic protein is localized to ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eosinophil_cationic_protein

Characterization of the recombinant proteins". J. Biol. Chem. 276 (20): 17022-9. doi:10.1074/jbc.M100623200. PMID 11279105. ... 2005). "Towards a proteome-scale map of the human protein-protein interaction network". Nature. 437 (7062): 1173-8. Bibcode: ... identification in a genetic screen and effects on catalysis by the recombinant proteins". Adv. Enzyme Regul. 44: 37-49. doi: ... Similarity to an E. coli protein suggests that this enzyme may be a subunit of DNA polymerase III, which does not have ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TREX2

"Recombinant human Cardiotrophin 1 protein (ab9838)". www.abcam.com. Retrieved 2017-08-09. cardiotrophin+1 at the US National ... It is a cardiac hypertrophic factor of 21.5 kDa and a protein member of the IL-6 cytokine family. CT-1 is associated with the ... The protein exerts its cellular effects by interacting with the glycoprotein 130 (gp130)/leukemia inhibitory factor receptor ... v t e (Articles with short description, Short description matches Wikidata, Protein pages needing a picture, Genes on human ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cardiotrophin_1

Gene expression Single-cell protein Protein purification Precision fermentation Host cell protein List of recombinant proteins ... This is followed by selection and screening of recombinant clones. The non-lytic system has been used to give higher protein ... Cregg JM, Cereghino JL, Shi J, Higgins DR (September 2000). "Recombinant protein expression in Pichia pastoris". Molecular ... McCarroll L, King LA (October 1997). "Stable insect cell cultures for recombinant protein production". Current Opinion in ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protein_production

De Schutter, K., Lin, Y., Tiels, P. (2009). "Genome sequence of the recombinant protein production host Pichia pastoris". ... As the protein yield from expression system in a microbe is roughly equal to the product of the proteins produced per cell, ... 2000). "Modeling Pichia pastoris growth on methanol and optimizing the production of a recombinant protein, the heavy‐chain ... As some proteins require chaperonin for proper folding, Pichia is unable to produce a number of proteins, since P. pastoris ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pichia_pastoris

This study on recombinant resilin has led to several years of research on the use of resilin like proteins for several ... In 2005, a recombinant form of the resilin protein of the fly Drosophila melanogaster was synthesized by expressing a part of ... Tjin MS, Low P, Fong E (2014-08-01). "Recombinant elastomeric protein biopolymers: progress and prospects". Polymer Journal. 46 ... elastin: a vertebrate protein Deming T (2012). Peptide-Based Materials. Springer Publishing. Neurath H (1966). The Proteins ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Resilin

... is a recombinant protein subunit. Vaxine began work on a COVID-19 vaccine in January 2020. After developing a number ... COVAX-19 is a recombinant protein-based COVID-19 vaccine developed by South Australian-based biotech company Vaxine. It is ... "recombinant protein-based vaccine". A phase 1 human trial started in June 2020. The phase 1 trial involved 40 participants, 30 ... Placebo-controlled Trial to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of an Adjuvanted Recombinant SARS-CoV-2 Spike (S) Protein Subunit ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVAX-19

Strasser R, Altmann F, Steinkellner H (December 2014). "Controlled glycosylation of plant-produced recombinant proteins". ... A chaperone protein (calnexin/calreticulin) binds to the unfolded or partially folded protein to assist protein folding. The ... The proteins produced in these expression hosts are often not identical to human protein and thus, cause immunogenic reactions ... This initial trimming step is thought to act as a quality control step in the ER to monitor protein folding. Once the protein ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/N-linked_glycosylation

"Coagulation Factor IX (Recombinant), Fc Fusion Protein". Drug Information Portal. U.S. National Library of Medicine. " ... The factor IX protein is composed of four protein domains: the Gla domain, two tandem copies of the EGF domain and a C-terminal ... Deficiency of this protein causes haemophilia B. It was discovered in 1952 after a young boy named Stephen Christmas was found ... A structure of the two EGF domains and the trypsin-like domain was determined for the pig protein. The structure of the Gla ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Factor_IX

The Sanofi-GSK COVID‑19 vaccine is a recombinant protein subunit vaccine containing the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein, which is ... "Study of Recombinant Protein Vaccine with Adjuvant against COVID-19 in Adults 18 Years of Age and Older". pactr.samrc.ac.za. ... It uses a recombinant protein-based technology from Sanofi and GSK's pandemic technology. The companies claimed to be able to ... "Study of Recombinant Protein Vaccine With Adjuvant Against COVID-19 in Adults 18 Years of Age and Older (VAT00002)". ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sanofi–GSK_COVID-19_vaccine

"Integrated continuous production of recombinant therapeutic proteins". Biotechnology and Bioengineering. 109 (12): 3018-3029. ... When purifying antibodies, Protein A is used as affinity matrix. However, periodic counter-current processes can be applied to ... A novel cyclic process for protein A affinity chromatography". Journal of Chromatography A. 1389: 85-95. doi:10.1016/j.chroma. ... "Comparison of batch and continuous multi-column protein A capture processes by optimal design". Biotechnology Journal. 11 (7): ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Periodic_counter-current_chromatography

These proteins must be fermented much like in recombinant protein production, alcohol brewing and the generation of many plant- ... Wingfield, Paul T. (1 April 2015). "Overview of the Purification of Recombinant Proteins". Current Protocols in Protein Science ... Proteins are coded for by specific genes, the genes coding for the protein of interest are synthesized into a plasmid-a closed ... Synthetic kinds of collagen have been produced through recombinant protein production-collagen type II and III, tropoelastin ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cultured_meat

Characterization of cDNAs and recombinant fusion proteins". Eur. J. Biochem. 259 (3): 618-25. doi:10.1046/j.1432-1327.1999. ... Plasminogen-related protein B is a protein that in humans is encoded by the PLGLB2 gene. GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ... v t e (Genes on human chromosome 2, All stub articles, Protein stubs). ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PLGLB2

Gifre L, Arís A, Bach À, Garcia-Fruitós E (March 2017). "Trends in recombinant protein use in animal production". Microbial ... Recombinant phytases are added commonly in agriculture to animal feed of monogastric animals to enhance the feed's nutrient ... β-propeller phytases (BPPs) are a group of enzymes (i.e. protein superfamily) with a round beta-propeller structure. BPPs are ... Chen C, Cheng K, Ko T, Guo R (2015-04-01). "Current Progresses in Phytase Research: Three-Dimensional Structure and Protein ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beta-propeller_phytase

... is a recombinant human coagulation factor VIII, Fc fusion protein (rFVIIIFc). It is produced by recombinant ... "Eloctate (antihemophilic factor- recombinant, fc fusion protein kit". DailyMed. 4 August 2020. Retrieved 3 September 2020. " ... Recombinant proteins, All stub articles, Blood and blood forming organ drug stubs). ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Efmoroctocog_alfa

"Recombinant Human Peptidoglycan Recognition Proteins Reveal Antichlamydial Activity". Infection and Immunity. 84 (7): 2124-2130 ... Peptidoglycan recognition protein Peptidoglycan recognition protein 2 Peptidoglycan recognition protein 3 Peptidoglycan ... peptidoglycan recognition protein 1), PGLYRP2 (peptidoglycan recognition protein 2), PGLYRP3 (peptidoglycan recognition protein ... January 2004). "Peptidoglycan recognition protein tag7 forms a cytotoxic complex with heat shock protein 70 in solution and in ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peptidoglycan_recognition_protein_1

R. S.-C. Su, J. N. Renner, and J. C. Liu, "Synthesis and characterization of recombinant abductin-based proteins," ... The abductin-based protein was cytocompatible, and cells spread slowly when first seeded on the abductin-based protein. A LIVE/ ... Synthesis and Characterization of Recombinant Abductin-Based Proteins. Biomacromolecules, [online] 14(12), pp.4301-4308. U.S. ... after being cultured for two days on the abductin-based protein. Initial cell spreading on the abductin-based protein was ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abductin

doi:10.1016/S0960-9822(03)00176-3. (Protein methods, Recombinant proteins, Cell imaging, Fluorescent proteins). ... It consists of a pH-sensitive form of green fluorescent protein (GFP) fused to the luminal side of a vesicle-associated ... Synapto-pHluorin sometimes consists of yellow fluorescent protein (YFP) to monitor the cytoplasm because its pKa is higher than ... Ashby, Michael C.; Ibaraki, Kyoko; Henley, Jeremy M. (May 2004). "It's green outside: tracking cell surface proteins with pH- ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Synapto-pHluorin

Recombinant and native human PGLYRP2 proteins were then further shown to be identical with the previously identified and ... Peptidoglycan recognition protein Peptidoglycan recognition protein 1 Peptidoglycan recognition protein 3 Peptidoglycan ... peptidoglycan recognition protein 1), PGLYRP2 (peptidoglycan recognition protein 2), PGLYRP3 (peptidoglycan recognition protein ... "Recombinant Human Peptidoglycan Recognition Proteins Reveal Antichlamydial Activity". Infection and Immunity. 84 (7): 2124-2130 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peptidoglycan_recognition_protein_2

The products of pharming are recombinant proteins or their metabolic products. Recombinant proteins are most commonly produced ... Blood, for instance, as of 2012 cannot store high levels of stable recombinant proteins, and biologically active proteins in ... Many proteins of interest are too complex to be made by microbial systems or by protein synthesis. These proteins are currently ... substantially reduce the burden of protein purification in preparing recombinant proteins for medical use. In addition, both ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pharming_(genetics)

Production of heterologous proteins by fed-batch cultures of recombinant microorganisms have been extensively studied. The ... Eds). Recombinant Protein Production with prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. A comparative view on host physiology. 2001, Kluwer ... L. Yee, Harvey W. Blanch: Recombinant protein expression in high cell density fed-batch cultures of Escherichia coli. Bio/ ... Neubauer P, Winter J: Expression and fermentation strategies for recombinant protein production in Escherichia coli. In: Merten ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fed-batch_culture

... is a laboratory technique for the study of protein-protein, protein-peptide, and protein-DNA interactions that ... "Recombinant human Fab fragments neutralize human type 1 immunodeficiency virus in vitro". Proceedings of the National Academy ... a gene encoding a protein of interest is inserted into a phage coat protein gene, causing the phage to "display" the protein on ... characterize small molecules-protein interactions and map protein-protein interactions. Users can use three dimensional ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phage_display

... in combination with inactivated HIV proteins. The novel vaccine consists of a recombinant DNA vaccine co-expressing human GM- ... GeoVax technology approach uses recombinant DNA or recombinant viruses to produce virus-like particles (VLPs) in the person ... The DDMM regimen consists of priming with two doses of the pGA2/JS7 recombinant DNA vaccine and boosting with two doses of VA/ ... HIV62B recombinant MVA vaccine. The MMM regimen consists of priming and boosting with a total of three doses of the recombinant ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GeoVax

Murphy CI, Lennick M, Lehar SM, Beltz GA, Young E (Oct 1990). "Temporal expression of HIV-1 envelope proteins in baculovirus- ... "Assignment of intrachain disulfide bonds and characterization of potential glycosylation sites of the type 1 recombinant human ... Montefiori DC, Robinson WE, Mitchell WM (Dec 1988). "Role of protein N-glycosylation in pathogenesis of human immunodeficiency ... v t e (Genes on human chromosome 15, All stub articles, Protein stubs). ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GANC

... of their proteins, a figure that rises to 95% for humans and mice. Thus we can't exclude protein-sequence evolution as an ... That task was finally undertaken at the end of the 20th century with the arrival of recombinant DNA technology, when biologists ... Most of the changes are in genetic control, not in proteins. 11. Endless Forms Most Beautiful Carroll concludes by revisiting ... which do not code for structural proteins (such as enzymes), control embryonic development. In turn, these regulatory genes ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endless_Forms_Most_Beautiful_(book)

Patented natural, recombinant and clot specific Streptokinase as a vital lifesaving drug. The institute offers Ph.D. jointly ... equipment for protein and DNA analysis, a library with around 64,000 references books, microscopy equipment, and databases for ... protein design and engineering, fermentation science, microbial physiology and genetics, yeast biology, bioinformatics, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Institute_of_Microbial_Technology

The basic scheme for this can be summarized as follows: Vector + DNA Fragment ↓ Recombinant DNA ↓ Replication of recombinant ... Genes involved in controlling cell death encode proteins with three distinct functions: "Killer" proteins are required for a ... After a single recombinant DNA molecule (composed of a vector plus an inserted DNA fragment) is introduced into a host cell, ... Here, DNA fragmentation is a molecular genetic technique that permits researchers to use recombinant DNA technology to prepare ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fragmentation_(cell_biology)

Some viruses can encode proteins that bind to double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) to prevent the activity of RNA-dependent protein ... Patients with recurrent melanomas receive recombinant IFN-α2b. Both hepatitis B and hepatitis C are treated with IFN-α, often ... the E7 protein of Human papillomavirus (HPV), and the B18R protein of vaccinia virus. Reducing IFN-α activity may prevent ... phosphorylates ribosomal protein s6, which is involved in protein synthesis; and phosphorylates a translational repressor ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interferon

... increase in copy number is useful for genetic engineering applications to increase the production yield of recombinant protein ... PFF1 consists of an origin of replication, oriV, an origin of transfer, oriT, a gene coding for plasmid replication proteins, ... 4486-4491 Kolatka K, Witosinska M, Pierechod M, Konieczny I.: "Bacterial partitioning proteins affect the subcellular location ... the TrfA protein, binds to and activates oriV. In Escherichia coli, replication proceeds unidirectionally from oriV after ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RK2_plasmid

There is also a group of tracers that consist of protein products that can be taken up by the cell and transported across the ... Chamberlin NL, Du B, de Lacalle S, Saper CB (May 1998). "Recombinant adeno-associated virus vector: use for transgene ... virus or protein can be locally injected, after which it is allowed to be transported anterogradely. Viral tracers can cross ... green fluorescent protein, lipophylic dyes or radioactively tagged amino acids) into the brain. These molecules are absorbed ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anterograde_tracing

Bio-pharmaceuticals developed by the company include Pichia-derived recombinant human insulin and insulin analogs for diabetes ... matrix proteins, and biosimilars. Biocon's major areas of research now include cancer, diabetes, and other auto-immune diseases ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kiran_Mazumdar-Shaw

This protein localizes to the endoplasmic reticulum and its expression is induced by phenobarbital. The enzyme is known to ... Appiah-Opong R, Commandeur JN, van Vugt-Lussenburg B, Vermeulen NP (June 2007). "Inhibition of human recombinant cytochrome ... The cytochrome P450 proteins are monooxygenases which catalyze many reactions involved in drug metabolism and synthesis of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CYP2B6

"Immunization of Experimental Dogs With Salivary Proteins From Lutzomyia Longipalpis, Using DNA and Recombinant Canarypox Virus ... The strong immune reaction in response to exposure to the salivary protein indicates the protein's potential use in the field ... The strong immune reaction in response to exposure to the salivary protein indicates the protein's potential use in the field ... Blood is rich in proteins, consisting mainly of hemoglobin (Hb), which accounts for approximately 60% of the blood protein ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lutzomyia_longipalpis

Recombinant proteins, All stub articles, Antineoplastic and immunomodulating drug stubs). ... Ancestim is a recombinant methionyl human stem cell factor, branded by Amgen as StemGen. It was developed by Amgen and sold to ... The protein has an amino acid sequence that is identical to the natural sequence predicted from human DNA sequence analysis, ... It is a 166 amino acid protein produced by E. coli bacteria into which a gene has been inserted for soluble human stem cell ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ancestim

... and activator protein 1 signaling pathways". Journal of Immunology. 172 (4): 2341-2351. doi:10.4049/jimmunol.172.4.2341. ISSN ... "An endogenous capsaicin-like substance with high potency at recombinant and native vanilloid VR1 receptors". Proceedings of the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/N-Arachidonoyl_dopamine

These conditions are associated with either defective intracellular protein binding (for the second time) or disturbed ... Proper Assay Conditions to Estimate Enzyme Kinetics with Recombinant UGT1A1". Drug Metabolism and Disposition. 38 (11): 1907- ... or defective intracellular protein binding. In similar fashion, the conjugated hyperbilirubinemia emerges in case the ... impaired biliary excretion of bilirubin glucuronide is due to a mutation in the canalicular multiple drug-resistance protein 2 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bilirubin_glucuronide

Their current goal is expression of orally bioavailable recombinant proteins in tobacco and lettuce chloroplasts. Thomas Alva ... of the total leaf protein. Importantly, the insecticidal protein could be translated from the bacterial AU-rich mRNA, while for ... The Maliga lab characterised plastid promoters in vivo and in vitro, and identified proteins that are parts of the plastid PEP ... "Amplification of a Chimeric Bacillus Gene in Chloroplasts Leads to an Extraordinary Level of an Insecticidal Protein in Tobacco ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pal_Maliga

Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 85:8506-8510 (1988) v-cbl, a new oncogene from a dual-recombinant murine retrovirus that induced early B ... Blood 111: 1946-1950 (2008) Liar, a novel Lyn-binding nuclear/cytoplasmic shuttling protein that influences erythropoietin- ... Nature 507:462-470 (2014) Complementing tissue characterisation by integrating transcriptome profiling from the Human Protein ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter_Klinken

However, this protein is considered a member of the cytochrome P450 superfamily on the basis of sequence similarity rather than ... Stopped-flow kinetic studies with a substrate analog and recombinant TXA synthase revealed that substrate binding occurs in two ... First, there is a fast initial binding to the protein and then a subsequent ligation to the heme iron. In the first step of the ... The cytochrome P450 proteins are monooxygenases that catalyze many reactions involved in drug metabolism and synthesis of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thromboxane-A_synthase

The secreted protein consists of 133`amino acids (mouse Lect2 consists of two varieties a typical 151 amino acid protein and an ... LECT2 in human hepatocytes revealed by immunochemical studies using polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies to a recombinant LECT2 ... The protein was detected in and purified from cultures of Phytohaemagglutinin-activated human T-cell leukemia SKW-3 cells. ... LECT2 protein is widely expressed in vascular tissues, smooth muscle cells, adipocytes, cerebral neurons, apical squamous ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LECT2

Goodpasture antibodies recognize recombinant proteins representing the autoantigen and one of its alternative forms". Eur. J. ... The enzyme belongs to the serine/threonine protein kinase family and to the Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase subfamily ... "KN-93 inhibition of G protein signaling is independent of the ability of Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II to ... Calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase type II beta chain is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the CAMK2B gene. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CAMK2B

The recombinant vaccine against Lyme disease, based on the outer surface protein A (OspA) of B. burgdorferi with aluminum ... Canine Recombinant Lyme, formulated by Merial, generates antibodies against the OspA protein so a tick feeding on a vaccinated ... Within the tick midgut, the Borrelia's outer surface protein A (OspA) binds to the tick receptor for OspA, known as TROSPA. ... After the bacteria migrate from the midgut to the salivary glands, OspC binds to Salp15, a tick salivary protein that appears ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lyme_disease

"Three-dimensional structure of recombinant human muscle fatty acid-binding protein". The Journal of Biological Chemistry. 267 ( ... Heart-type fatty acid binding protein (hFABP) also known as mammary-derived growth inhibitor is a protein that in humans is ... Heart-type Fatty Acid-Binding Protein (H-FABP) is a small cytoplasmic protein (15 kDa) released from cardiac myocytes following ... "A human protein-protein interaction network: a resource for annotating the proteome". Cell. 122 (6): 957-68. doi:10.1016/j.cell ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heart-type_fatty_acid_binding_protein

Appl H, Holzammer T, Dove S, Haen E, Strasser A, Seifert R (February 2012). "Interactions of recombinant human histamine H1R, ... Haemodialysis is not recommended due to the high degree of protein binding with doxepin. ECG monitoring is recommended for ... Doxepin is widely distributed throughout the body and is approximately 80% plasma protein-bound, specifically to albumin and α1 ... Virtanen R, Iisalo E, Irjala K (August 1982). "Protein binding of doxepin and desmethyldoxepin". Acta Pharmacologica et ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doxepin

Proteins called PDZ proteins frequently anchor mGluRs near enough to NMDARs to modulate their activity. It has been suggested ... L-quisqualic acid and recombinant receptors" (subscription required). Zeitschrift für Naturforschung C. 57 (3-4): 348-55. doi: ... They are members of the group C family of G-protein-coupled receptors, or GPCRs. Like all glutamate receptors, mGluRs bind with ... Wang Y, Small DL, Stanimirovic DB, Morley P, Durkin JP (October 1997). "AMPA receptor-mediated regulation of a Gi-protein in ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metabotropic_glutamate_receptor

Secondly, another insert of 20 amino acids in the 10th spectrin repeat, termed SH3i+, contains protein kinase A and protein ... "Mapping the human erythrocyte beta-spectrin dimer initiation site using recombinant peptides and correlation of its phasing ... Herrmann H, Wiche G (1987). "Plectin and IFAP-300K are homologous proteins binding to microtubule-associated proteins 1 and 2 ... Ankyrin repeats of the multidomain Shank protein family interact with the cytoskeletal protein alpha-fodrin". J. Biol. Chem. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SPTAN1

It is thought this may be due to increased synthesis of receptor proteins. Flumazenil was found to be more effective than ... "Chronic treatment with flumazenil enhances binding sites for convulsants at recombinant alpha(1)beta(2)gamma(2S) GABA(A) ... "The role of transcriptional and translational mechanisms in flumazenil-induced up-regulation of recombinant GABA(A) receptors ... "Chronic exposure of cells expressing recombinant GABAA receptors to benzodiazepine antagonist flumazenil enhances the maximum ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flumazenil

A recombinant form of c-Myc called Omomyc in which four residues are mutated has been produced. Omomyc heterodimers with c-Myc ... The protein contains basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) structural motif. This gene is a proto-oncogene and encodes a nuclear ... The encoded protein forms a heterodimer with the related transcription factor MAX. This complex binds to the E box DNA ... MYC proto-oncogene, bHLH transcription factor is a protein that in humans is encoded by the MYC gene which is a member of the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MYC

... quantification and purification of recombinant protein. This patented peptide sequence is composed of eighteen hydrophilic ... This short peptide does not adopt any significant homology to any existing proteins found in nature. This synthetic NE peptide ... and affinity purification of NE fusion proteins (i.e. affinity column). The DNA sequence of NE-tag is as follows: 5' ACC AAA ... This is advantageous to offer stringent specificity to the NE-tagged proteins, which are readily to be detected, quantitated, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NE-tag

... and the electrophoretic mobility of proteins. Somewhat larger families of recombinant inbred strains were generated ... A recombinant inbred strain or recombinant inbred line (RIL) is an organism with chromosomes that incorporate an essentially ... The origins and history of recombinant inbred strains are described by Crow. While the potential utility of recombinant inbred ... Recombinant inbred strains or lines were first developed using inbred strains of mice but are now used to study a wide range of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Recombinant_inbred_strain

Peptides that were translocated into the cell membrane then exert a secondary effect by inhibiting protein synthesis. It is ... "Recombinant expression, synthesis, purification, and solution structure of arenicin". Biochemical and Biophysical Research ... Webarchive template wayback links, Orphaned articles from October 2013, All orphaned articles, Protein pages needing a picture ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arenicin

We express proteins of interest(POIs) in insect cells using recombinant baculovirus. Protein production is performed on a small ... Overexpression of recombinant proteins in any of three systems. E.coli. We provide consultation for all projects and can assist ... Rapid production of recombinant proteins in 5-7 days. *High density cultures of Expi293F cells that result in more expressing ... atc-protein[email protected] Baculovirus and Antibody Production - Karen Moberg. [email protected] Protein Expression Purification - ...

https://www.bcm.edu/research/atc-core-labs/protein-and-monoclonal-antibody-production-core/services/recombinant-protein-expression

Recombinant Staphylococcus aureus Chemotaxis inhibitory protein (chp) from Cusabio. Cat Number: CSB-EP746696SKV. USA, UK & ... Recombinant Staphylococcus aureus Chemotaxis inhibitory protein (chp) , CSB-EP746696SKV. (No reviews yet) Write a Review Write ... Recombinant Staphylococcus aureus Acyl carrier protein (acpP) , CSB-EP015636SKX Cusabio Staphylococcus aureus Recombinants ... Recombinant Staphylococcus aureus Acyl carrier protein (acpP) , CSB-EP015636SKX Cusabio Staphylococcus aureus Recombinants ...

https://joplink.net/recombinant-staphylococcus-aureus-chemotaxis-inhibitory-protein-chp-csb-ep746696skv/?setCurrencyId=1

Konjugiert mit His tag.Bestellen Sie Protein ABIN1458314 online. ... CG5889 Protein, Dmel\\CG5889 Protein, MDH Protein, Mdh Protein ... Recombinant Bacillus subtilis Malate Dehydrogenase Protein exprimiert von Yeast. ... mdh Protein, APH_RS02635 Protein, ANI_1_12134 Protein, AOR_1_26114 Protein, PMI_RS16925 Protein, mdhA Protein, mdh1 Protein ... 0230186 Protein, DDB_0188779 Protein, DDB_0230186 Protein, Malic enzyme b Protein, oxidoreductase, putative Protein, malate ...

https://www.antikoerper-online.de/protein/1458314/Malate+Dehydrogenase+MDH+AA+2-312+protein+His+tag/

... the development of deconstructed virus-based vectors has allowed plants to become a viable platform for recombinant protein ... facilitating the adoption of plant transient expression systems for manufacturing recombinant proteins with a broad range of ... solution to overcome the challenge of transgene delivery into plant cells for large-scale manufacturing of recombinant proteins ... The discussion of agroinfiltration vectors focuses on their applications for producing complex and heteromultimeric proteins ...

https://www.hindawi.com/journals/bmri/2015/932161/

Preparation of Antibodies against Soluble Recombinant Dengue E Proteins Fused with Glutathiones Transferase.. ... 2006)‎. Preparation of Antibodies against Soluble Recombinant Dengue E Proteins Fused with Glutathiones Transferase.. WHO ...

https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/170350

Her4 protein (1131-ER) is manufactured by R&D Systems. Reproducible results in bioactivity assays. Learn More... ... as a carrier protein to our recombinant proteins. Adding a carrier protein enhances protein stability, increases shelf-life, ... Recombinant Proteins. Recombinant Human NRG1-beta 1/HRG1-beta 1 ECD Protein 377-HB ... Reviews for Recombinant Human ErbB4/Her4 Fc Chimera Protein, CF. There are currently no reviews for this product. Be the first ...

https://www.rndsystems.com/products/recombinant-human-erbb4-her4-fc-chimera-protein-cf_1131-er

KIT (c-KIT) is a proto-oncogene and a type 3 transmembrane receptor for MGF (mast cell growth factor, also known as stem cell factor). KIT was first identified as the cellular homolog of the feline sarcoma viral oncogene v-kit. KIT together with its

https://www.thermofisher.com/order/catalog/product/PV6307

Consumption and subsequent exhaustion of coagulation proteins and pl... ... Recombinant Human Activated Protein C. Class Summary. Recombinant human APC inhibits factors Va and VIIIa of the coagulation ... FFP contains coagulation factors, as well as protein C and protein S. It can be administered either via 2 large-bore peripheral ... Compared patterns of antithrombin III, protein C, and protein S deficiencies. Chest. 1992 Mar. 101(3):816-23. [QxMD MEDLINE ...

https://www.medscape.com/answers/199627-154534/what-is-the-basis-for-therapeutic-decisions-in-the-treatment-of-disseminated-intravascular-coagulation-dic

Recombinant Mouse Adiponectin protein is an Escherichia coli Full length protein, , 90% purity, , 1.000 Eu/µg endotoxin level ... SDS-PAGE (4-20%) of Recombinant Mouse Adiponectin: Recombinant Protein loaded under reducing conditions and stained with ... Proteins and Peptides. By product type. Proteomics tools. Agonists, activators, antagonists and inhibitors. Cell lines and ... The Universal Protein Resource (UniProt) in 2010. Nucleic Acids Res. 38:D142-D148 (2010) . ...

https://www.abcam.com/recombinant-mouse-adiponectin-protein-ab285685.html

QuantiLum Recombinant Luciferase is a luciferase expressed from a cloned gene from the North American firefly (Photinus pyralis ... The method of recombinant expression of Coleoptera luciferase is covered by U.S. Patents 5,583,024; 5,674,713; and 5,700,673. ... QuantiLum Recombinant Luciferase is a luciferase expressed from a cloned gene from the North American firefly (Photinus pyralis ...

https://www.fishersci.com/shop/products/promega-quantilum-recombinant-luciferase-2/p-2719379

Purified fluorescent protein mCherry, with N-terminal HIS tag, expressed in E. coli, 250ug ... Video tutorial: Why protein expression host matters * Webinar Video: Overexpression lysate as positive controls for Western ... Protein Sequence (showhide) MVSKGEEDNM AIIKEFMRFK VHMEGSVNGH EFEIEGEGEG RPYEGTQTAK LKVTKGGPLP FAWDILSPQF MYGSKAYVKH PADIPDYLKL ... Purified fluorescent protein mCherry, with N-terminal HIS tag, expressed in E. coli, 250ug ...

https://www.origene.com/catalog/proteins/recombinant-proteins/tp790040/mcherry-escherichia-coli-recombinant-protein

This review focuses on the expression of recombinant protein in the MSG of transgenic silkworms. The recombinant protein ... which is a valuable tool for the mass production of therapeutic and industrially relevant recombinant proteins. As a result of ... By controlling the expressed regions of the recombinant protein gene in the silk gland, we were able to control the ... transgenic silkworms were generated that synthesized recombinant proteins in the silk gland and secreted them into the silk ...

https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Transgenic-silkworms-that-weave-recombinant-into-Tomita/a8fe917885a6b0caa5483f1bca2fb8cf2392d2d9

THBD Human Recombinant produced in Sf9 Baculovirus cells is a single, glycosylated polypeptide chain containing 500 amino acids ... For long term storage it is recommended to add a carrier protein (0.1% HSA or BSA).. Avoid multiple freeze-thaw cycles. ... THBD Human Recombinant produced in Sf9 Baculovirus cells is a single, glycosylated polypeptide chain containing 500 amino acids ... THBD protein solution (0.5mg/ml) contains Phosphate-Buffered Saline (pH 7.4) and 10% glycerol. ...

https://www.prospecbio.com/thbd-human

Recombinant Human MAF1 His Protein. Backed by our 100% Guarantee. ... Recombinant Human MAF1 His Protein Summary. Description. A ... Recombinant human MAF1 protein, fused to His-tag at N-terminus, was expressed in E.coli and purified by using conventional ... Be the first to review our Recombinant Human MAF1 His Protein and receive a gift card or discount.. ... SDS-Page: Recombinant Human MAF1 Protein [NBP1-72440] - 15% SDS-PAGE (3ug) ...

https://www.novusbio.com/products/maf1-protein_nbp1-72440

Dengue Virus IgM Serotyping by ELISA with Recombinant Mutant Envelope Proteins Alexandra Rockstroh, Luisa Barzon, Widuranga ... The antigens in this ELISA were Equad proteins (i.e., envelope protein from each DENV serotype with 4 amino acid changes T76R, ... Dengue Virus IgM Serotyping by ELISA with Recombinant Mutant Envelope Proteins. ...

https://wwwnc.cdc.gov/eid/article/25/1/18-0605-f1

https://extranet.who.int/iris/restricted/handle/10665/170350

We use cookies to analyze our traffic. We share information about your use of our site with our analytics partners who may combine it with other information that youve provided to them or that theyve collected from your use of their services. ...

https://www.immunochemistry.com/collections/recombinant-proteins-il-2

GenScript recombinant protein and rAb services provide high quality recombinant proteins and rAbs for a variety of downstream ... The Recombinant Protein Expression and Cell Line Development Service Handbook The Recombinant Protein Expression and Cell Line ... Antigen protein, Protein standards, Functional proteins Proteins with glycosylation, Assay standards, Secreted form Functional ... Recombinant Protein Expression Service Protein expression is almost universally used by research groups for a variety of ...

https://www.genscript.com/recombinant-protein-services.html?src=leftbar

Recombinant 50S ribosomal protein L4 (rplD). Cat# MBS1000074. Supplier: MyBiosource. Available at Gentaur Genprice in 5 to 7 ... Recombinant 50S ribosomal protein L4 (rplD) MyBiosource Recombinant Proteins MBS1000074 , Recombinant 50S ribosomal protein L4 ... MyBiosource Recombinant Proteins. MBS1000074 , Recombinant 50S ribosomal protein L4 (rplD). Rating Required Select Rating. 1 ... Recombinant 50S ribosomal protein L4 (rplD) , MBS1058598 , MyBiosourceProduct Short Name: [50S ribosomal protein L4 (rplD)] ...

https://biocheminfo.org/mbs1000074-recombinant-50s-ribosomal-protein-l4-rpld/

Complex coacervates based on recombinant mussel adhesive proteins: their characterization and applications H. J. Kim, B. Yang, ... Complex coacervates based on recombinant mussel adhesive proteins: their characterization and applications ... effective underwater adhesive have been made using complex coacervates that are based on recombinant mussel adhesive proteins ( ... Here, this review provides an overview of recombinant MAP-based complex coacervations, with an emphasis on their ...

https://pubs.rsc.org/en/Content/ArticleLanding/2017/SM/C7SM01735A

Protein (GST tag). Spezies: Human. Quelle: Wheat germ. Jetzt Produkt ABIN1316795 bestellen. ... Protein-Typ Recombinant Proteineigenschaft AA 1-168 Spezies Alle Spezies für Pleiotrophin Proteine * Human 8 ... Pleiotrophin (PTN) protein PTN Spezies: Rind (Kuh) Wirt: Escherichia coli (E. coli) Recombinant , 95 % ELISA, IP, SDS, WB ... Pleiotrophin Protein (PTN) (AA 1-168) (GST tag). PTN Spezies: Human Wirt: Wheat germ Recombinant AP, AA, ELISA, WB ...

https://www.antikoerper-online.de/protein/1316795/Pleiotrophin+PTN+AA+1-168+protein+GST+tag/

BTLA Recombinant protein (Cat. No. 91-881) has been validated for use in biological assays. ... Dissolve the lyophilized protein in ddH2O.. *STORAGE CONDITIONS: Lyophilized protein should be stored at -20°C, though stable ... APPLICATION NOTE: This recombinant protein can be used for biological assays. For research use only. ... Reconstituted protein solution can be stored at 4-7°C for 2-7 days.. Aliquots of reconstituted samples are stable at -20°C for ...

https://www.prosci-inc.com/product/btla-recombinant-protein-91-881/

A previous phase I trial indicated that the recombinant COVID-19 vaccine (V-01), which contains a fusion protein (IFN-PADRE-RBD ... Immunogenicity and safety of a recombinant fusion protein vaccine (V-01) against coronavirus disease 2019 in healthy adults: a ...

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34310400/

Recombinant Proteins Viral and Microbial Antigens Echo Virus ... You are here: Proteins , Recombinant Proteins , Viral and ... Recombinant Echo Virus Proteins. Products & Ordering. Echo Virus Antigen PR-BA135VS. recombinant, E. coli ...

https://www.jenabioscience.com/proteins/recombinant-proteins/viral-and-microbial-antigens/echo-virus

Adooq Natural Proteins include: Actin, Aprotinin, Avidin, Bivalirudin, Calpastatin, Cystatin, Filamin, Ferritin, HDL, LDL, LLC ... Thrombin Human Recombinant Catalog No. AP2538. Quick View .category-products .products-list .btn-quickcart { background: white ...

https://www.adooq.com/natural-proteins.html

Recombinant Rat Ccl19 protein, His-tagged can be used for research. ... Purified Recombinant Rat Ccl19 protein, His-tagged from Creative Biomart. ... Home / Products / Recombinant Proteins / Recombinant Rat Ccl19 protein, His-tagged Recombinant Rat Ccl19 protein, His-tagged ... Ccl19-723R Optional Service: Optional requirements on this protein Product Overview :. Recombinant Rat Ccl19 aa. (Asp32~Lys103 ...

https://www.creativebiomart.net/recombinant-rat-ccl19-protein-his-tagged-478758.htm

Recombinant Human Noggin protein (NOG) (Active) from Cusabio. Cat Number: CSB-AP003011HU. USA, UK & Europe Distribution. ... Recombinant Human Noggin protein (NOG) (Active) , CSB-AP003011HU Cusabio Active Proteins Recombinant Human Noggin protein (NOG ... Recombinant Human Noggin protein (NOG) (Active) , CSB-AP003011HU , Cusabio. Protein Description: Full Length of Mature Protein ... Recombinant Human Protein disulfide-isomerase protein (P4HB) (Active) , CSB-AP000091HU Cusabio Active Proteins ...

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Human SYK protein (4594-KS) is manufactured by R&D Systems. Reproducible results in bioactivity assays. Learn More... ... as a carrier protein to our recombinant proteins. Adding a carrier protein enhances protein stability, increases shelf-life, ... Reviews for Recombinant Human Active SYK Protein, CF. There are currently no reviews for this product. Be the first to review ... Have you used Recombinant Human Active SYK Protein, CF?. Submit a review and receive an Amazon gift card.. $25/€18/£15/$25CAN/¥ ...

https://www.rndsystems.com/products/recombinant-human-active-syk-protein-cf_4594-ks

CD2 protein solution (1mg/ml) containing 20mM Tris-HCl buffer (pH8.0), 10% glycerol and 0.4M Urea. ... CD2 Human Recombinant produced in E.Coli is a single, non-glycosylated polypeptide chain containing 209 amino acids (25-209 a.a ... For long term storage, it is recommended to add a carrier protein (0.1% HSA or BSA). Avoid multiple freeze-thaw cycles. ...

https://www.neuromics.com/PR27292

Protein (His tag). Species: Mouse. Source: Insect Cells. Order product ABIN3131204. ... Protein Type Recombinant Protein Characteristics AA 1-1335 Origin Mouse Source Insect Cells Purification tag / Conjugate This ... Protein has not been tested for activity yet. In cases in which it is highly likely that the recombinant protein with the ... The concentration of our recombinant proteins is measured using the absorbance at 280nm. The proteins absorbance will be ...

https://www.antibodies-online.com/protein/3131204/Aldehyde+Oxidase+3+AOX3+AA+1-1335+protein+His+tag/

Peptides and proteins are guaranteed for 3 months from date of receipt. (novusbio.com)

A previous phase I trial indicated that the recombinant COVID-19 vaccine (V-01), which contains a fusion protein (IFN-PADRE-RBD-Fc dimer) as its antigen, is safe and well tolerated, capable of inducing rapid and robust immune responses, and warranted further testing in additional clinical trials. (nih.gov)
One of these proved to be a fatty acid binding protein (FABP) termed Sm14, which subsequently became the basis of the experimental vaccine herein discussed. (frontiersin.org)
These results demonstrate that recombinant DEV expressing the TE and pre-membrane proteins is protective and can serve as a potential candidate vaccine to prevent DTMUV infection in ducks. (pasteur.fr)
Peroxiredoxin is an antigenic protein and vaccine candidate antigen of T. gondii that has not yet been exploited for diagnostic application. (biomedcentral.com)
Huvet Bio Inc. is developing a COVID-19 vaccine being using a sub-unit method with a high safety profile that uses proteins instead of viruses or bacteria. (who.int)
Cellular and humoral immunity to Ebola Zaire glycoprotein and viral vector proteins following immunization with recombinant vesicular stomatitis virus-based Ebola vaccine (rVSVΔG-ZEBOV-GP). (bvsalud.org)
While effective at preventing Zaire ebolavirus (ZEBOV) disease , cellular immunity to ZEBOV and vector-directed immunity elicited by the recombinant vesicular stomatitis virus expressing ZEBOV glycoprotein (rVSVΔG-ZEBOV-GP) vaccine remain poorly understood. (bvsalud.org)
and four, protein subunit vaccine wherein the recombinant proteins of SARS-COV-2 along with an adjuvant (booster) is given as a vaccine. (moneycontrol.com)
The ChAdOx1-S [recombinant] vaccine uses a DNA adenovirus vector to elicit antibodies to the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein. (who.int)

QuantiLum Recombinant Luciferase is a luciferase expressed from a cloned gene from the North American firefly (Photinus pyralis). (fishersci.com)
P25 gene knockout silkworms may become an efficient bioreactor for the production of exogenous proteins and a promising tool for producing various protein-containing silk biomaterials. (semanticscholar.org)
CusabioProtein Description: Full Length of Mature ProteinAlternative Name (s) : Chemokine-like protein TAFA-2,Gene. (joplink.net)
The protein derived from the cloned gene exhibited significant homologies with a family of related polypeptides, which bind hydrophobic ligands, and purified recombinant protein exhibited an affinity to fatty acids. (frontiersin.org)
In addition, the gene encoding human BDNF and processes for obtaining the same are disclosed.A previously-unreported member of the NGF/BDNF family of neurotrophic proteins, NGF-3, has been identified and a portion of the gene encoding for the NGF-3 has been described. (justia.com)
As an alternative, it would be desirable to isolate the human gene for a neurotrophic factor and use that gene as the basis for establishing a recombinant expression system to produce potentially unlimited amounts of the human protein. (justia.com)
IMSEAR at SEARO: Development of immunodetection system for botulinum neurotoxin type B using synthetic gene based recombinant protein. (who.int)
A major focus here is on the development of new aptamer-based biosensors for the monitoring of cell culture processes as well as the design, production and integration of a new lab-on-a-chip system that enables continuous, transient gene transfer into host cells for the flexible production of recombinant proteins. (uni-augsburg.de)
This gene encodes an anti-apoptotic protein, which is a member of the Bcl-2 family. (prosci-inc.com)
The protein encoded by this gene is a 3'-exoribonuclease, with similarity to the RNase D family of 3'-exonucleases. (origene.com)
Within the last two decades, VPM has successfully managed and consulted the development of promising biopharmaceutical candidates, ranging from small molecules, recombinant proteins up to gene-modified live vaccines and ATMPs. (yourerie.com)
COVID-19 can be diagnosed by detection of RNA gene targets (e.g. spike protein (S), an envelope protein (E), nucleocapsid protein (N), RNA-dependent RNA polymerase enzyme, and ORF1 gene) (4-6) either by nucleic acid amplification testing or detection of virus-specific proteins by antigen testing (7,8). (who.int)

Recombinant, E. coli recombinant proteins are genetic recombinations in Escherichia coli, supplied as white sterile powder lyopillized. (gentaur.com)
The microorganism Escherichia coli is usually used for recombinant protein manufacturing. (stevediggle.net)

Insect cells are co-transfected with wild type Autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus DNA (AcNPV) and baculovirus transfer plasmids and isolates recombinant baculoviruses that arise by homologous recombination. (bcm.edu)
Recombinant baculovirus stocks from the transfection or co-transfection are plaque purified by an agarose overlay assay. (bcm.edu)
We titer and amplify chosen positive recombinant baculovirus isolates. (bcm.edu)
We express proteins of interest(POIs) in insect cells using recombinant baculovirus. (bcm.edu)
Please inquire if you are interested in this recombinant protein expressed in E. coli, mammalien cells or by baculovirus infection. (antikoerper-online.de)
While high protein production could be achieved in the baculovirus/silkworm expression system, unintentional protein modification might occur, and therefore protein expression in the transgenic silkworms expression system is preferable from the point-of-view of N-glycosylation of the recombinant protein and evasion of unexpected attack by a protease in B. mori. (semanticscholar.org)
THBD Human Recombinant produced in Sf9 Baculovirus cells is a single, glycosylated polypeptide chain containing 500 amino acids (22-515a.a) and having a molecular mass of 52.6kDa. (prospecbio.com)
Baculovirus/Insect expression system allows for expression of high quality glycosylated proteins that cannot be expressed using E.coli or yeast. (genscript.com)

Preparation of Antibodies against Soluble Recombinant Dengue E Proteins Fused with Glutathione's Transferase. (who.int)
Twenty five years later, recombinant CHO cell culture has emerged as one of the dominant methods for production of recombinant proteins, especially high-dose therapeutic antibodies. (unl.pt)
He led the development of the first licensed, high-density, fed-batch cell culture process, a breakthrough platform technology now used by Genentech and throughout the industry for production of high-dose therapeutic antibodies and other proteins. (unl.pt)
Animal study demonstrated that both recombinant viruses induced measurable anti-DTMUV neutralizing antibodies in ducks. (pasteur.fr)
In this study, recombinant T. gondii peroxiredoxin protein (rTgPrx) was prepared and used in dot-immunogold-silver staining (Dot-IGSS) to detect IgG antibodies in serum from mice and pregnant women. (biomedcentral.com)
IgM and IgG antibodies , IgG -producing memory B cells (MBCs), and T cell reactivity to ZEBOV glycoprotein (ZEBOV-GP), vesicular stomatitis virus - Indiana strain (VSV-I) matrix (M) protein , and VSV-I nucleoprotein (NP) were measured using ELISA , ELISpot , and flow cytometry , respectively. (bvsalud.org)
The cassettes produce scalable results and can purify recombinant proteins or monoclonal antibodies. (pharmtech.com)
Plot of all individual optical density (OD) ratios obtained from recombinant ELISA testing of human serum samples for Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) antibodies, Africa, 2013-2014. (cdc.gov)
CALIXAR's approach allows to preserve the original structure and function of membrane proteins (GPCRs, Ion Channels, Transporters, Receptors, Anchors and Viral Proteins) providing solutions for pharmaceutical industries, biotechnology companies and academic teams to develop conformational antibodies, formulate new vaccines, carry out Structure Based Drug Discovery and/or HTS assays. (calixar.com)
Within the past 2 years, investigational peptide- and recombinant protein-based serologic assays that can more easily differentiate the antibodies to HTLV-I and HTLV-II have been developed (8,9). (cdc.gov)

Proteins prepared by recombinant DNA technology. (bvsalud.org)

IgM endpoint titers of DENV-1, DENV-2, and DENV-4 PCR-positive and NS1 antigen-positive serum samples from residents of dengue endemic countries Vietnam, Sri Lanka, Venezuela, and Brazil, 2013-2018, on DENV 1-4 Equad proteins. (cdc.gov)
Recognizes a single protein of 33-34kDa, identified as the prostate specific antigen (PSA). (novusbio.com)

For proteins that express insolubly, we can provide purification under denaturing condition (e.g. in high concentrations of urea). (bcm.edu)
In the unlikely event that the protein cannot be expressed or purified we do not charge anything (other companies might charge you for any performed steps in the expression process for custom-made proteins, e.g. fees might apply for the expression plasmid, the first expression experiments or purification optimization). (antibodies-online.com)
In a first purification step, the protein is purified from the cleared cell lysate using three different His-tag capture materials: high yield, EDTA resistant, or DTT resistant. (antibodies-online.com)
Protein containing fractions of the best purification are subjected to second purification step through size exclusion chromatography. (antibodies-online.com)
Expression, purification, and characterization of recombinant humanpar" by YAĞMUR ÜNVER, ESABİ BAŞARAN KURBANOĞLU et al. (tubitak.gov.tr)
Reduced glutathione is covalently linked Agarose 4B Microbeads for use in affinity purification of glutathione-S-transferase (GST) and GST-fused proteins. (agscientific.com)
This product provides a one step purification method and permits rapid, mild and highly selective purifications of proteins containing glutathione binding sequences. (agscientific.com)

After selection of a specific recombinant viral isolate, a passage #1 seed stock is expanded to a 500ml volume and the passage #2 viral stock is titered by an agarose overlay plaque assay to determine the virus concentration in pfu/ml. (bcm.edu)
Human IgG antibody Laboratories manufactures the dc biorad protein assay lowrys reagents distributed by Genprice. (pcr-pcr.com)
The Dc Biorad Protein Assay Lowrys reagent is RUO (Research Use Only) to test human serum or cell culture lab samples. (pcr-pcr.com)
Description: A sandwich quantitative ELISA assay kit for detection of Mouse Tubulin Polymerization Promoting Protein (TPPP) in samples from tissue homogenates or other biological fluids. (1elisakits.com)
Description: This is Double-antibody Sandwich Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detection of Human Tubulin Polymerization Promoting Protein (TPPP) in tissue homogenates, cell lysates and other biological fluids. (1elisakits.com)
Description: Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay based on the Double-antibody Sandwich method for detection of Human Tubulin Polymerization Promoting Protein (TPPP) in samples from tissue homogenates, cell lysates and other biological fluids with no significant corss-reactivity with analogues from other species. (1elisakits.com)
Lateral flow assay and ELISA techniques gave consistent results for IgG/IgM antibody measurements towards spike and nucleocapsid proteins, suggesting that both methods can be used to detect COVID-19 where access to molecular test kits is difficult. (who.int)

Optimal operating conditions for both process and genetic variables are determined for producing improved quantity and quality of recombinant protein. (tufts.edu)

OBJECTIVES: To explore the effect of recombinant, human GH on follicular development and oocyte retrieval after gonadotropin stimulation with the addition of GH or placebo to a standard IVF treatment regimen. (arctichealth.org)

There is proof to point that in rodent fashions of CKD, administration of recombinant BMP1-Three will increase renal. (eb2009.org)
The safest approach to modulate the immune or inflammatory pathways and cellular mechanisms is to either enhance or prevent these natural responses by administration of recombinant proteins of immune modulators produced also by the cells in the body. (neuroinflammation.eu)

EUROIMMUN AG, Lübeck, Germany), which is based on the recombinant MERS-CoV spike protein subunit 1 and specifically detects IgG. (cdc.gov)

For a protein with mammalian origin, the activity can be related not only to the primary structure (sequence), but also to the conformation and modifications, while other systems, especially when distantly related, cannot accomplish all the modifications found naturally in mammalian cells. (genscript.com)
A DNA sequence encoding the SARS-CoV-2 (2019-nCoV) Spike RBD (G476S) -His Recombinant Protein (YP_009724390.1) (Arg319-Phe541 (G476S) ) was expressed with a polyhistidine tag at the C-terminus. (proteomecommons.org)

The shelf life is related to many factors, storage state, buffer ingredients, storage temperature and the stability of the protein itself. (joplink.net)
Adding a carrier protein enhances protein stability, increases shelf-life, and allows the recombinant protein to be stored at a more dilute concentration. (rndsystems.com)

The development of recombinant allergens provides reagents that should improve the diagnostic accuracy of tests for latex allergy. (cdc.gov)
Cytoskeleton offers several reagents for live-cell research including fluorescent proteins, cell permeable protein activators and inhibitors, as well as our recent addition of live cell imaging probes. (cytoskeleton.com)

The yeast protein expression system is the most economical and efficient eukaryotic system for secretion and intracellular expression. (antikoerper-online.de)
The yeast protein expression system serve as a eukaryotic system integrate the advantages of the mammalian cell expression system. (antikoerper-online.de)
A protein expressed by yeast system could be modificated such as glycosylation, acylation, phosphorylation and so on to ensure the native protein conformation. (antikoerper-online.de)

Here, this review provides an overview of recombinant MAP-based complex coacervations, with an emphasis on their characterization and the uses of such materials for applications in the fields of biomedicine and tissue engineering. (rsc.org)
cDNA cloning, expression analysis, chromosome localization and characterization of the recombinant protein. (nih.gov)

Introduction: A phase 3b extension study evaluated the long-term safety and efficacy of a recombinant fusion protein-linking coagulation factor IX (FIX) with albumin (rIX-FP) for the routine prophylaxis and on-demand treatment of bleeding in pediatric hemophilia B patients. (tau.ac.il)
However, PLD1 precipitated from cell lysates with immobilized glutathione S-transferase-RalA fusion protein is active. (embl.de)

In the past a series of specific recombinant protein headings were created to distinguish several pharmaceutically-significant protein classes. (bvsalud.org)

For example, Rosetta™ cells are used for protein constructs containing a high number of rare E. coli codons, and Origami™ cells are used to encourage proper disulfide bond formation. (bcm.edu)
Individual recombinant viral isolates are plucked from agarose and used to infect Sf9 insect cells. (bcm.edu)
The infected Sf9 cells (for intracellular proteins) or culture supernatant (for secreted proteins) are provided to the investigator for expression screening and identification of the isolate with the highest level of expression. (bcm.edu)
Crystallography grade MDH Spezies: CHO cells Wirt: Insektenzellen Recombinant >95 % as determined by SDS PAGE, Size Exclusion Chromatography and Western Blot. (antikoerper-online.de)
Recombinant proteins are primarily produced from cultures of mammalian, insect, and bacteria cells. (hindawi.com)
In this paper, we review the recent progress in the methodology of agroinfiltration, a solution to overcome the challenge of transgene delivery into plant cells for large-scale manufacturing of recombinant proteins. (hindawi.com)
MAF1 that is similar to Maf1, a Saccharomyces cerevisiae protein is a protein highly conserved in eukaryotic cells and is localized to the nucleus. (novusbio.com)
Mammalian cells are more complex than bacterial cells and have the most sophisticated protein production capabilities including mechanisms to assist protein folding into the proper conformation like chaperones and modifications (glycosylation, methylation, phosphorylation etc. (genscript.com)
GenScript employs genetically modified CHO and HEK293 cells together with elaborately designed expression vectors to give high yield and quality protein production, which has been proven by hundreds of successful projects. (genscript.com)
Mouse Aox3 Protein (raised in Insect Cells) purified by multi-step, protein-specific process to ensure crystallization grade. (antibodies-online.com)
They are raised in HEK293, CHO, and insect cells to offer you bioactive proteins with the optimal glycosylation profiles. (selectscience.net)
Z102015An IGF-binding protein, IBP-5 is produced by fibroblasts, myoblasts, osteoblasts and vascular smooth muscle cells. (topsan.org)
The protein was produced from HEK293T cells transfected with SCAMP2 cDNA clone. (bosterbio.com)
Neurotrophic factors are natural proteins, found in the nervous system or in non-nerve tissues innervated by the nervous system, whose function is to promote the survival and maintain the phenotypic differentiation of nerve and/or glial cells (Varon and Bunge 1978 Ann. (justia.com)
The research group uses 3D-printed microfluidic systems for the flexible production of recombinant proteins by enhanced transient transfection of mammalian cells. (uni-augsburg.de)
The recombinant cells were grown in a shaking flask containing production medium. (tubitak.gov.tr)
Antibody 4B4-1 interferes with binding of Biotinylated Recombinant CD137-huIg (502-030) to CD137L on Raji cells, but does not block binding of Recombinant CD137L-muCD8 (503-020) to CD137 on surface of stimulated CEM cells. (ancell.com)
It is thus obvious that additional proteins produced by the human cells in these diseases displaying a potential benefit for CNS diseases need to be identified. (neuroinflammation.eu)

One of the proteins, SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein (S Protein), is a glycoprotein that mediates membrane fusion and viral entry, and as such is a crucial COVID-19 target. (selectscience.net)
Find your one-stop-supplier for coronavirus proteins - including full-length Spike Proteins, Spike Subunits and Spike RBD. (selectscience.net)
Recombinant Human ACE2 Protein (mFc Tag) (Active) (Cat#PKSR030509) at 2 μg/mL (100 μL/well) can bind Recombinant 2019-nCoV Spike Protein (RBD, His Tag) (G476S) (Active) (Cat#PKSR030533) , the EC50 of PKSR030533 is 25-60 ng/mL. (proteomecommons.org)
The spike protein is a large type I transmembrane protein containing two subunits, S1 and S2. (proteomecommons.org)
The coronavirus genome encodes a spike protein, an envelope protein, a membrane protein, and a nucleoprotein. (creative-biolabs.com)
Among them, spike protein is the most important surface membrane protein of coronavirus. (creative-biolabs.com)
Passive immunity to porcine epidemic diarrhea virus following immunization of pregnant gilts with a recombinant orf virus vector expressing the spike protein. (harvard.edu)
We report four nanobodies (C5, H3, C1, F2) engineered as homotrimers with pmolar affinity for the receptor binding domain (RBD) of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein. (bvsalud.org)
Cryo Electron Microscopy shows C5 binding results in an all down arrangement of the Spike protein. (bvsalud.org)

Equad proteins are the envelope proteins from DENV with 4 amino acid changes (T76R, Q77E, W101R, and L107R). (cdc.gov)
1. Rockstroh A, Barzon L, Pacenti M, Palù G, Niedrig M, Ulbert S. Recombinant envelope-proteins with mutations in the conserved fusion loop allow specific serological diagnosis of dengue-infections. (cdc.gov)

B- and T-Lymphocyte Attenuator (BTLA) is a single-pass type I membrane protein containing 1 Ig-like V-type (immunoglobulin-like) domain. (prosci-inc.com)
S2 contains basic elements needed for the membrane fusion.The S protein plays key parts in the induction of neutralizing-antibody and T-cell responses, as well as protective immunity. (proteomecommons.org)
One virus, rDEV-TE, expresses the truncated form of the envelope glycoprotein (TE) of duck tembusu virus (DTMUV), and the other virus, rDEV-PrM/TE, expresses both the TE and pre-membrane proteins (PrM). (pasteur.fr)
This recombinant protein (r-Antidote, PRT064445) is catalytically inactive and lacks the membrane-binding γ-carboxyglutamic acid domain of native fXa but retains the ability of native fXa to bind direct fXa inhibitors as well as low molecular weight heparin-activated antithrombin III (ATIII). (nih.gov)
Pall Corp. (East Hills, NY, www.pall.com ) recently unveiled its 'Omega T' series membrane cassettes for biopharmaceutical processing applications involving high protein concentrations. (pharmtech.com)
The screen also supports high mass transfer of proteins and minimizes the gel layer that normally builds up on the membrane. (pharmtech.com)
Starting from native material or recombinant systems, we succeed with all types of membrane proteins: GPCRs, Ions Channels, Transporters, Receptors and Viral Proteins. (calixar.com)
CD137 is a type I membrane protein and a member of the tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily (1,2). (ancell.com)
Arf proteins: the membrane traffic police? (embl.de)
sensitivity to membrane phospholipids--each of these activities has been attributed to Arf proteins. (embl.de)

The antigens in this ELISA were Equad proteins (i.e., envelope protein from each DENV serotype with 4 amino acid changes T76R, Q77E, W101R, and L107R). (cdc.gov)

Recombinant human APC inhibits factors Va and VIIIa of the coagulation cascade. (medscape.com)
NRL is harvested from Hevea brasiliensis trees and ammoniated to prevent coagulation resulting in the hydrolysis of the latex proteins. (cdc.gov)

Please reconstitute protein in deionized sterile water to a concentration of 0.1-1.0 mg/mL.We recommend to add 5-50% of glycerol (final concentration) and aliquot for long-term storage at -20? (joplink.net)
The concentration of our recombinant proteins is measured using the absorbance at 280nm. (antibodies-online.com)
The concentration of the protein is calculated using its specific absorption coefficient. (antibodies-online.com)
The recombinant protein expression was optimized using various concentration of isopropylthiogalactoside (IPTG) induction, further the expression was confirmed by Western blot analysis using anti-His antibody. (who.int)
Results: The recombinant protein was expressed at maximum yield at 4.3 h of post-induction with 0.5 mM IPTG concentration. (who.int)
Abstract: In this work, the design and execution of a mechanistic metabolic model is presented that is capable of simulating extracellular metabolite concentration profiles, particularly cell density and antibody titer, throughout the course of a recombinant protein producing CHO fed-batch culture. (tufts.edu)

Lyophilized protein should be stored at -20°C, though stable at room temperature for 3 weeks. (prosci-inc.com)
Further, this method can be applied under broad buffer, pH and temperature conditions, conferring the potential to apply to other thermal stable proteins. (researchsquare.com)

Structures of Orf Virus Chemokine Binding Protein in Complex with Host Chemokines Reveal Clues to Broad Binding Specificity. (harvard.edu)

TRX, MBP, EGFP) in order to maximize the expression level of the target protein in E. coli. (bcm.edu)
Depending on the nature of the heterologous target protein, we provide and utilize a number of different E. coli host strains to improve expression levels and to maximize the odds of proper folding. (bcm.edu)
We construct recombinant baculoviruses with expression DNA vectors/bacmids provided by the investigator. (bcm.edu)
These new advancements in agroinfiltration greatly enhance the robustness and scalability of transgene delivery in plants, facilitating the adoption of plant transient expression systems for manufacturing recombinant proteins with a broad range of applications. (hindawi.com)
By employing genome editing technology to reduce silk protein expression levels, a silkworm bioreactor expression system could be developed as a highly successful system for producing various valuable heterologous proteins, potentially broadening the applications of the silkworm. (semanticscholar.org)
A novel method to enhance recombinant protein expression in MSGBioreactor, but also a strategy to optimize other bioreactor systems is proposed. (semanticscholar.org)
Protein expression is almost universally used by research groups for a variety of purposes. (genscript.com)
As a leading provider of a comprehensive suite of recombinant protein and antibody services across different expression systems, GenScript seeks to partner with scientists worldwide to accelerate scientific discovery. (genscript.com)
The features of a target protein inform which expression system is best suited for the expression of that protein, and it is important to identify the correct system for protein expression based on these criteria. (genscript.com)
E.coli is one of the most commonly used protein expression systems and protein expression is usually induced using a DNA plasmid expression vector. (genscript.com)
In the case that PTMs are not important in the target protein, E.coli can still be a good choice for even eukaryotic protein expression. (genscript.com)
The main purpose of the present study was to perform the expression in Pichia pastoris X-33 of the human paraoxonase 1 (hPON1) enzyme, which is a mammalian serum protein. (tubitak.gov.tr)
Orthogonal validation of protein expression using IHC by comparison to RNA-seq data of corresponding target in high and low expression tissues. (atlasantibodies.com)

Note that defined pharmaceutical preparations of individual recombinant proteins, e.g., interferon alfa-2a, will be maintained in the supplemental concept record. (bvsalud.org)

A protein expressed by the mammalian cell system is of very high-quality and close to the natural protein. (antikoerper-online.de)
They also have superior machinery for folding mammalian proteins and therefore give the best chance of obtaining soluble protein when a protein of mammalian origin is expressed. (genscript.com)
This is a reason why many researchers believe the activity of mammalian proteins is best when expressed in a mammalian cell. (genscript.com)

Recombinant baculoviruses can also be generated by transfection of bacmid DNA using the Bac-to-Bac system. (bcm.edu)

So far, recombinantly expressed spidroins often form insoluble inclusion bodies (IBs), which will often be dissolved under extremely harsh conditions in a traditional manner, e.g. either 8 mol/L urea or 6 mol/L guanidine hydrochloride, highly risking to poor recovery of bioactive proteins as well as unexpected precipitations during dialysis process. (researchsquare.com)

CD2 Human Recombinant produced in E.Coli is a single, non-glycosylated polypeptide chain containing 209 amino acids (25-209 a.a) and having a molecular mass of 23.8kDa. (neuromics.com)
Equad, envelope protein with 4 amino acid changes. (cdc.gov)
The mutations consist of amino acid substitutions at position 505 in familial cases or 515 in sporadic cases These result in constitutive activation of the thrombopoietin receptor protein. (medscape.com)
Human recombinant protein fragment corresponding to amino acids 1-266 of human PARN (NP_002573) produced in E.coli. (origene.com)
Recombinant Murine IFN- λ2 is a 19.8 kDa protein containing 175 amino acid residues. (peprotech.com)
Most of these mutations change one protein building block (amino acid) in the pyridoxine 5'-phosphate oxidase enzyme, impairing its normal function. (medlineplus.gov)
The ARFs are a family of 21,000 M(r) proteins with biological roles in constitutive secretion and activation of phospholipase D. The structure of ARF-1 complexed to GDP determined from two crystal forms reveals a topology that is similar to that of the protein p21 ras with two differences: an additional amino-terminal helix and an extra beta-strand. (embl.de)
We hypothesize that this lack of detectable signs of disease during infection with BA.4 was due to a small (nine nucleotide) deletion (∆686-694) in the viral genome (ORF1ab) responsible for production of non-structural protein 1 which resulted in the loss of three amino acids (aa 141-143). (bvsalud.org)

Free shipping on inhibitor and protein orders over $500. (adooq.com)
Inhibitor of bone morphogenetic proteins (BMP) signaling which is required for growth and patterning of the neural tube and somite. (joplink.net)
CusabioAlternative Name(s): Ectodermal BMP inhibitor Short name: Ectodin Sclerostin-like protein Uterine. (joplink.net)
The effect of r-Antidote was mediated by reducing plasma anti-fXa activity and the non-protein bound fraction of the fXa inhibitor in plasma. (nih.gov)

If there are concerns about affinity tags or fusion partners interfering with the structure and function of the target protein, we can provide reliable methods for removing affinity tags. (bcm.edu)
Recombinant protein was captured through anti-DDK affinity column followed by conventional chromatography steps. (bosterbio.com)
Recombinant protein was purified under denatured condition using Ni-NTA affinity chromatography. (who.int)
The recombinant protein was purified using Ni-NTA affinity chromatography up to the homogeneity level. (who.int)

Citations will be maintained to the appropriate protein classes and the general heading 'Recombinant Proteins. (bvsalud.org)

The term 'peplomer' is typically used to refer to a grouping of heterologous proteins on the virus surface that function together. (proteomecommons.org)

Of the 5 meningococcal vaccines available in the United States: 3 are conjugate vaccines and 2 are recombinant protein vaccines. (cdc.gov)
Both recombinant protein vaccines are monovalent vaccines. (cdc.gov)
The generic group of ChAdOx1-S [recombinant] vaccines includes AstraZeneca/AZD1222 and SII/Covishield vaccines. (who.int)
WHO SAGE interim recommendations on the AstraZeneca COVID-19 vaccines refer to a generic group of ChAdOx1-S [recombinant] vaccines against COVID-19. (who.int)

Description: Host cell factor 2(HCFC2) is a cytoplasmic protein. (gentaurtop.com)

Antibody was generated against the recombinant protein using alum adjuvant in BALB/c mice and tested for cross reactivity with other serotypes of C. botulinum as well as closely related clostridia. (who.int)

Disclaimer note: The observed molecular weight of the protein may vary from the listed predicted molecular weight due to post translational modifications, post translation cleavages, relative charges, and other experimental factors. (novusbio.com)
In cases in which it is highly likely that the recombinant protein with the default tag will be insoluble our protein lab may suggest a higher molecular weight tag (e.g. (antibodies-online.com)
The predicted molecular weight of Recombinant Mouse gAcrp30 is Mr 16.7 kDa. (leinco.com)
POLR3H Human Recombinant expressed in E.Coli is a single, non-glycosylated polypeptide chain containing 227a.a. (1-204 a.a.) and having a molecular weight of 25.3kDa (Molecular size on SDS-PAGE will appear higher).POLR3H is fused to a 23a.a. (betalifesci.com)
SDS-PAGE and Western blot analysis illustrated that the molecular mass of extracellular hPON1 enzyme produced by the recombinant P. pastoris strain was 59.1 kDa. (tubitak.gov.tr)

The bulk of the amplified 500ml virus stock is stored at 4° C for use in protein production. (bcm.edu)
In recent years, the development of deconstructed virus-based vectors has allowed plants to become a viable platform for recombinant protein production, with advantages in versatility, speed, cost, scalability, and safety over the current production paradigms. (hindawi.com)
The approval of the first plant-derived therapeutic enzyme for Gaucher's disease has demonstrated the promise of plant-based systems for recombinant protein (RP) production [ 1 ]. (hindawi.com)
To utilize this capacity for mass production of useful proteins, transgenic silkworms were generated that synthesized recombinant proteins in the silk gland and secreted them into the silk cocoon. (semanticscholar.org)
Made in Germany - from design to production - by highly experienced protein experts. (antibodies-online.com)
At the time, many viewed recombinant cell culture as a production method of last resort, certainly not one suitable to make a high-dose therapeutic. (unl.pt)
Octapharma AB (OAB) in Stockholm, Sweden, is the site for Nuwiq human recombinant factor VIII (FVIII), production. (bioprocessintl.com)
This invention relates to processes for the production of recombinant members of the human NGF/BDNF family of neurotrophic proteins in biologically active forms. (justia.com)
In addition, this invention discloses processes for identifying previously unreported members of this family of proteins and the subsequent production of these proteins. (justia.com)
Furthermore, the group deals with biocompatibility studies to ensure an ideal environment for cell viability and recombinant protein production. (uni-augsburg.de)
Time-course and dose-response studies have shown subcutaneous, intratracheal, or topical administrations of non-ammoniated latex proteins to induce IgE production. (cdc.gov)
PLP is the active form of vitamin B6 and is necessary for many processes in the body, including protein metabolism and the production of chemicals that transmit signals in the brain (neurotransmitters). (medlineplus.gov)
However, the advent of recombinant protein technology for the production of most pharmaceutical proteins has made this distinction obsolete. (bvsalud.org)

The discussion of agroinfiltration vectors focuses on their applications for producing complex and heteromultimeric proteins and is updated with the development of bridge vectors. (hindawi.com)

THBD protein solution (0.5mg/ml) contains Phosphate-Buffered Saline (pH 7.4) and 10% glycerol. (prospecbio.com)
POLR3H protein solution (0.5mg/ml) containing 20mM Tris-HCl buffer (pH 8.0), 0.1M NaCl, 10% glycerol and 1mM DTT. (betalifesci.com)

Anatomy16

Organisms28

Diseases1

Chemicals and Drugs96

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment51

Phenomena and Processes72

Disciplines and Occupations1

Technology, Industry, Agriculture3

Information Science4

Health Care5

Apontic binds the translational repressor Bruno and is implicated in regulation of oskar mRNA translation. (1/70987)

Mechanisms of GDF-5 action during skeletal development. (2/70987)

Sonic hedgehog signaling by the patched-smoothened receptor complex. (3/70987)

Relaxin is a potent renal vasodilator in conscious rats. (4/70987)

Caspase-mediated cleavage of p21Waf1/Cip1 converts cancer cells from growth arrest to undergoing apoptosis. (5/70987)

Concomitant activation of pathways downstream of Grb2 and PI 3-kinase is required for MET-mediated metastasis. (6/70987)

C-myc overexpression and p53 loss cooperate to promote genomic instability. (7/70987)

TIF1gamma, a novel member of the transcriptional intermediary factor 1 family. (8/70987)

Recombinant Proteins

Molecular Sequence Data

Amino Acid Sequence

Cloning, Molecular

Recombinant Fusion Proteins

Escherichia coli

Base Sequence

Genetic Vectors

Baculoviridae

Vaccines, Synthetic

DNA, Recombinant

Pichia

Sequence Homology, Amino Acid

DNA, Complementary

Gene Expression

Cell Line

Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay

Spodoptera

Plasmids

Protein Engineering

Protein Binding

Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel

Bacterial Proteins

Sequence Alignment

Kinetics

Biotechnology

Substrate Specificity

DNA Primers

Genetic Enhancement

Blotting, Western

Protozoan Proteins

Protein Structure, Tertiary

Antigens, Protozoan

Binding Sites

Antibodies, Protozoan

Cricetinae

Mice, Inbred BALB C

Transfection

Recombination, Genetic

Chromatography, Affinity

Insects

Immunoglobulin G

Mutagenesis, Site-Directed

Antigens, Bacterial

Rabbits

Glycosylation

Molecular Weight

Cells, Cultured

CHO Cells

Solubility

Carrier Proteins

Peptide Fragments

Protein Conformation

Circular Dichroism

Polymerase Chain Reaction

Sequence Analysis, DNA

Genetic Engineering

Mutation

Antibodies, Viral

Antibodies, Bacterial

Protein Folding

Serologic Tests

Open Reading Frames

Immunization

Epitopes

Antibodies, Monoclonal

Gene Library

Sf9 Cells

Models, Molecular

RNA, Messenger

Immunoblotting

Cattle

Malaria Vaccines

Inteins

Plant Proteins

Vaccinia virus

Green Fluorescent Proteins

Viral Proteins

Cross Reactions

Phylogeny