Receptor epidermal growth factor. Medical search

A 6-kDa polypeptide growth factor initially discovered in mouse submaxillary glands. Human epidermal growth factor was originally isolated from urine based on its ability to inhibit gastric secretion and called urogastrone. Epidermal growth factor exerts a wide variety of biological effects including the promotion of proliferation and differentiation of mesenchymal and EPITHELIAL CELLS. It is synthesized as a transmembrane protein which can be cleaved to release a soluble active form.

A cell surface receptor involved in regulation of cell growth and differentiation. It is specific for EPIDERMAL GROWTH FACTOR and EGF-related peptides including TRANSFORMING GROWTH FACTOR ALPHA; AMPHIREGULIN; and HEPARIN-BINDING EGF-LIKE GROWTH FACTOR. The binding of ligand to the receptor causes activation of its intrinsic tyrosine kinase activity and rapid internalization of the receptor-ligand complex into the cell.

An EPIDERMAL GROWTH FACTOR related protein that is found in a variety of tissues including EPITHELIUM, and maternal DECIDUA. It is synthesized as a transmembrane protein which can be cleaved to release a soluble active form which binds to the EGF RECEPTOR.

Hormonally active polypeptides that can induce the transformed phenotype when added to normal, non-transformed cells. They have been found in culture fluids from retrovirally transformed cells and in tumor-derived cells as well as in non-neoplastic sources. Their transforming activities are due to the simultaneous action of two otherwise unrelated factors, TRANSFORMING GROWTH FACTOR ALPHA and TRANSFORMING GROWTH FACTOR BETA.

The intracellular transfer of information (biological activation/inhibition) through a signal pathway. In each signal transduction system, an activation/inhibition signal from a biologically active molecule (hormone, neurotransmitter) is mediated via the coupling of a receptor/enzyme to a second messenger system or to an ion channel. Signal transduction plays an important role in activating cellular functions, cell differentiation, and cell proliferation. Examples of signal transduction systems are the GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID-postsynaptic receptor-calcium ion channel system, the receptor-mediated T-cell activation pathway, and the receptor-mediated activation of phospholipases. Those coupled to membrane depolarization or intracellular release of calcium include the receptor-mediated activation of cytotoxic functions in granulocytes and the synaptic potentiation of protein kinase activation. Some signal transduction pathways may be part of larger signal transduction pathways; for example, protein kinase activation is part of the platelet activation signal pathway.

The introduction of a phosphoryl group into a compound through the formation of an ester bond between the compound and a phosphorus moiety.

The original member of the family of endothelial cell growth factors referred to as VASCULAR ENDOTHELIAL GROWTH FACTORS. Vascular endothelial growth factor-A was originally isolated from tumor cells and referred to as "tumor angiogenesis factor" and "vascular permeability factor". Although expressed at high levels in certain tumor-derived cells it is produced by a wide variety of cell types. In addition to stimulating vascular growth and vascular permeability it may play a role in stimulating VASODILATION via NITRIC OXIDE-dependent pathways. Alternative splicing of the mRNA for vascular endothelial growth factor A results in several isoforms of the protein being produced.

Signal molecules that are involved in the control of cell growth and differentiation.

A single-chain polypeptide growth factor that plays a significant role in the process of WOUND HEALING and is a potent inducer of PHYSIOLOGIC ANGIOGENESIS. Several different forms of the human protein exist ranging from 18-24 kDa in size due to the use of alternative start sites within the fgf-2 gene. It has a 55 percent amino acid residue identity to FIBROBLAST GROWTH FACTOR 1 and has potent heparin-binding activity. The growth factor is an extremely potent inducer of DNA synthesis in a variety of cell types from mesoderm and neuroectoderm lineages. It was originally named basic fibroblast growth factor based upon its chemical properties and to distinguish it from acidic fibroblast growth factor (FIBROBLAST GROWTH FACTOR 1).

A cell surface protein-tyrosine kinase receptor that is overexpressed in a variety of ADENOCARCINOMAS. It has extensive homology to and heterodimerizes with the EGF RECEPTOR, the ERBB-3 RECEPTOR, and the ERBB-4 RECEPTOR. Activation of the erbB-2 receptor occurs through heterodimer formation with a ligand-bound erbB receptor family member.

Mitogenic peptide growth hormone carried in the alpha-granules of platelets. It is released when platelets adhere to traumatized tissues. Connective tissue cells near the traumatized region respond by initiating the process of replication.

A factor synthesized in a wide variety of tissues. It acts synergistically with TGF-alpha in inducing phenotypic transformation and can also act as a negative autocrine growth factor. TGF-beta has a potential role in embryonal development, cellular differentiation, hormone secretion, and immune function. TGF-beta is found mostly as homodimer forms of separate gene products TGF-beta1, TGF-beta2 or TGF-beta3. Heterodimers composed of TGF-beta1 and 2 (TGF-beta1.2) or of TGF-beta2 and 3 (TGF-beta2.3) have been isolated. The TGF-beta proteins are synthesized as precursor proteins.

The fission of a CELL. It includes CYTOKINESIS, when the CYTOPLASM of a cell is divided, and CELL NUCLEUS DIVISION.

Established cell cultures that have the potential to propagate indefinitely.

Cells propagated in vitro in special media conducive to their growth. Cultured cells are used to study developmental, morphologic, metabolic, physiologic, and genetic processes, among others.

A family of small polypeptide growth factors that share several common features including a strong affinity for HEPARIN, and a central barrel-shaped core region of 140 amino acids that is highly homologous between family members. Although originally studied as proteins that stimulate the growth of fibroblasts this distinction is no longer a requirement for membership in the fibroblast growth factor family.

A well-characterized basic peptide believed to be secreted by the liver and to circulate in the blood. It has growth-regulating, insulin-like, and mitogenic activities. This growth factor has a major, but not absolute, dependence on GROWTH HORMONE. It is believed to be mainly active in adults in contrast to INSULIN-LIKE GROWTH FACTOR II, which is a major fetal growth factor.

A family of synthetic protein tyrosine kinase inhibitors. They selectively inhibit receptor autophosphorylation and are used to study receptor function.

A cell line derived from cultured tumor cells.

Multifunctional growth factor which regulates both cell growth and cell motility. It exerts a strong mitogenic effect on hepatocytes and primary epithelial cells. Its receptor is PROTO-ONCOGENE PROTEINS C-MET.

Regulatory proteins and peptides that are signaling molecules involved in the process of PARACRINE COMMUNICATION. They are generally considered factors that are expressed by one cell and are responded to by receptors on another nearby cell. They are distinguished from HORMONES in that their actions are local rather than distal.

RNA sequences that serve as templates for protein synthesis. Bacterial mRNAs are generally primary transcripts in that they do not require post-transcriptional processing. Eukaryotic mRNA is synthesized in the nucleus and must be exported to the cytoplasm for translation. Most eukaryotic mRNAs have a sequence of polyadenylic acid at the 3' end, referred to as the poly(A) tail. The function of this tail is not known for certain, but it may play a role in the export of mature mRNA from the nucleus as well as in helping stabilize some mRNA molecules by retarding their degradation in the cytoplasm.

Factors which enhance the growth potentialities of sensory and sympathetic nerve cells.

These growth factors are soluble mitogens secreted by a variety of organs. The factors are a mixture of two single chain polypeptides which have affinity to heparin. Their molecular weight are organ and species dependent. They have mitogenic and chemotactic effects and can stimulate endothelial cells to grow and synthesize DNA. The factors are related to both the basic and acidic FIBROBLAST GROWTH FACTORS but have different amino acid sequences.

Cells grown in vitro from neoplastic tissue. If they can be established as a TUMOR CELL LINE, they can be propagated in cell culture indefinitely.

Protein kinases that catalyze the PHOSPHORYLATION of TYROSINE residues in proteins with ATP or other nucleotides as phosphate donors.

Agents that inhibit PROTEIN KINASES.

Substances that inhibit or prevent the proliferation of NEOPLASMS.

Histochemical localization of immunoreactive substances using labeled antibodies as reagents.

Conversion of an inactive form of an enzyme to one possessing metabolic activity. It includes 1, activation by ions (activators); 2, activation by cofactors (coenzymes); and 3, conversion of an enzyme precursor (proenzyme or zymogen) to an active enzyme.

A family of angiogenic proteins that are closely-related to VASCULAR ENDOTHELIAL GROWTH FACTOR A. They play an important role in the growth and differentiation of vascular as well as lymphatic endothelial cells.

Antibodies from non-human species whose protein sequences have been modified to make them nearly identical with human antibodies. If the constant region and part of the variable region are replaced, they are called humanized. If only the constant region is modified they are called chimeric. INN names for humanized antibodies end in -zumab.

Tumors or cancer of the human BREAST.

Descriptions of specific amino acid, carbohydrate, or nucleotide sequences which have appeared in the published literature and/or are deposited in and maintained by databanks such as GENBANK, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), National Biomedical Research Foundation (NBRF), or other sequence repositories.

Tumors or cancer of the LUNG.

The proto-oncogene c-erbB-1 codes for the epidermal growth factor receptor. Its name originates from the viral homolog v-erbB which was isolated from an avian erythroblastosis virus (AEV) where it was contained as a fragment of the chicken c-ErbB-1 gene lacking the amino-terminal ligand-binding domain. Overexpression of erbB-1 genes occurs in a wide range of tumors, commonly squamous carcinomas of various sites and less commonly adenocarcinomas. The human c-erbB-1 gene is located in the chromosomal region 7p14 and 7p12.

All of the processes involved in increasing CELL NUMBER including CELL DIVISION.

A non-essential amino acid. In animals it is synthesized from PHENYLALANINE. It is also the precursor of EPINEPHRINE; THYROID HORMONES; and melanin.

Cell surface receptors that bind growth or trophic factors with high affinity, triggering intracellular responses which influence the growth, differentiation, or survival of cells.

Antibodies produced by a single clone of cells.

NERVE GROWTH FACTOR is the first of a series of neurotrophic factors that were found to influence the growth and differentiation of sympathetic and sensory neurons. It is comprised of alpha, beta, and gamma subunits. The beta subunit is responsible for its growth stimulating activity.

The uptake of naked or purified DNA by CELLS, usually meaning the process as it occurs in eukaryotic cells. It is analogous to bacterial transformation (TRANSFORMATION, BACTERIAL) and both are routinely employed in GENE TRANSFER TECHNIQUES.

Specific receptors on cell membranes that react with PLATELET-DERIVED GROWTH FACTOR, its analogs, or antagonists. The alpha PDGF receptor (RECEPTOR, PLATELET-DERIVED GROWTH FACTOR ALPHA) and the beta PDGF receptor (RECEPTOR, PLATELET-DERIVED GROWTH FACTOR BETA) are the two principle types of PDGF receptors. Activation of the protein-tyrosine kinase activity of the receptors occurs by ligand-induced dimerization or heterodimerization of PDGF receptor types.

Identification of proteins or peptides that have been electrophoretically separated by blot transferring from the electrophoresis gel to strips of nitrocellulose paper, followed by labeling with antibody probes.

Any detectable and heritable change in the genetic material that causes a change in the GENOTYPE and which is transmitted to daughter cells and to succeeding generations.

Cell surface proteins that bind signalling molecules external to the cell with high affinity and convert this extracellular event into one or more intracellular signals that alter the behavior of the target cell (From Alberts, Molecular Biology of the Cell, 2nd ed, pp693-5). Cell surface receptors, unlike enzymes, do not chemically alter their ligands.

Products of proto-oncogenes. Normally they do not have oncogenic or transforming properties, but are involved in the regulation or differentiation of cell growth. They often have protein kinase activity.

Specific molecular sites or structures on cell membranes that react with FIBROBLAST GROWTH FACTORS (both the basic and acidic forms), their analogs, or their antagonists to elicit or to inhibit the specific response of the cell to these factors. These receptors frequently possess tyrosine kinase activity.

A superfamily of PROTEIN-SERINE-THREONINE KINASES that are activated by diverse stimuli via protein kinase cascades. They are the final components of the cascades, activated by phosphorylation by MITOGEN-ACTIVATED PROTEIN KINASE KINASES, which in turn are activated by mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase kinases (MAP KINASE KINASE KINASES).

A cell surface protein-tyrosine kinase receptor that is specific for NEUREGULINS. It has extensive homology to and can heterodimerize with the EGF RECEPTOR and the ERBB-2 RECEPTOR. Overexpression of the erbB-3 receptor is associated with TUMORIGENESIS.

Mutant mice homozygous for the recessive gene "nude" which fail to develop a thymus. They are useful in tumor studies and studies on immune responses.

The order of amino acids as they occur in a polypeptide chain. This is referred to as the primary structure of proteins. It is of fundamental importance in determining PROTEIN CONFORMATION.

A carcinoma derived from stratified SQUAMOUS EPITHELIAL CELLS. It may also occur in sites where glandular or columnar epithelium is normally present. (From Stedman, 25th ed)

Connective tissue cells which secrete an extracellular matrix rich in collagen and other macromolecules.

A subtype of transforming growth factor beta that is synthesized by a wide variety of cells. It is synthesized as a precursor molecule that is cleaved to form mature TGF-beta 1 and TGF-beta1 latency-associated peptide. The association of the cleavage products results in the formation a latent protein which must be activated to bind its receptor. Defects in the gene that encodes TGF-beta1 are the cause of CAMURATI-ENGELMANN SYNDROME.

The rate dynamics in chemical or physical systems.

A class of cellular receptors that have an intrinsic PROTEIN-TYROSINE KINASE activity.

Proteins prepared by recombinant DNA technology.

A 17-kDa single-chain polypeptide growth factor that plays a significant role in the process of WOUND HEALING and is a potent inducer of PHYSIOLOGIC ANGIOGENESIS. It binds to HEPARIN, which potentiates its biological activity and protects it from proteolysis. The growth factor is an extremely potent inducer of DNA synthesis in a variety of cell types from mesoderm and neuroectoderm lineages, and also has chemotactic and mitogenic activities. It was originally named acidic fibroblast growth factor based upon its chemical properties and to distinguish it from basic fibroblast growth factor (FIBROBLAST GROWTH FACTOR 2).

Phosphotransferases that catalyzes the conversion of 1-phosphatidylinositol to 1-phosphatidylinositol 3-phosphate. Many members of this enzyme class are involved in RECEPTOR MEDIATED SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION and regulation of vesicular transport with the cell. Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases have been classified both according to their substrate specificity and their mode of action within the cell.

Compounds or agents that combine with an enzyme in such a manner as to prevent the normal substrate-enzyme combination and the catalytic reaction.

A well-characterized neutral peptide believed to be secreted by the LIVER and to circulate in the BLOOD. It has growth-regulating, insulin-like and mitogenic activities. The growth factor has a major, but not absolute, dependence on SOMATOTROPIN. It is believed to be a major fetal growth factor in contrast to INSULIN-LIKE GROWTH FACTOR I, which is a major growth factor in adults.

The relationship between the dose of an administered drug and the response of the organism to the drug.

A protein-serine-threonine kinase that is activated by PHOSPHORYLATION in response to GROWTH FACTORS or INSULIN. It plays a major role in cell metabolism, growth, and survival as a core component of SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION. Three isoforms have been described in mammalian cells.

Cell lines whose original growing procedure consisted being transferred (T) every 3 days and plated at 300,000 cells per plate (J Cell Biol 17:299-313, 1963). Lines have been developed using several different strains of mice. Tissues are usually fibroblasts derived from mouse embryos but other types and sources have been developed as well. The 3T3 lines are valuable in vitro host systems for oncogenic virus transformation studies, since 3T3 cells possess a high sensitivity to CONTACT INHIBITION.

The process in which substances, either endogenous or exogenous, bind to proteins, peptides, enzymes, protein precursors, or allied compounds. Specific protein-binding measures are often used as assays in diagnostic assessments.

The movement of cells from one location to another. Distinguish from CYTOKINESIS which is the process of dividing the CYTOPLASM of a cell.

An intracellular signaling system involving the MAP kinase cascades (three-membered protein kinase cascades). Various upstream activators, which act in response to extracellular stimuli, trigger the cascades by activating the first member of a cascade, MAP KINASE KINASE KINASES; (MAPKKKs). Activated MAPKKKs phosphorylate MITOGEN-ACTIVATED PROTEIN KINASE KINASES which in turn phosphorylate the MITOGEN-ACTIVATED PROTEIN KINASES; (MAPKs). The MAPKs then act on various downstream targets to affect gene expression. In mammals, there are several distinct MAP kinase pathways including the ERK (extracellular signal-regulated kinase) pathway, the SAPK/JNK (stress-activated protein kinase/c-jun kinase) pathway, and the p38 kinase pathway. There is some sharing of components among the pathways depending on which stimulus originates activation of the cascade.

An amino acid that occurs in endogenous proteins. Tyrosine phosphorylation and dephosphorylation plays a role in cellular signal transduction and possibly in cell growth control and carcinogenesis.

A heterogeneous aggregate of at least three distinct histological types of lung cancer, including SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMA; ADENOCARCINOMA; and LARGE CELL CARCINOMA. They are dealt with collectively because of their shared treatment strategy.

A family of closely related RECEPTOR PROTEIN-TYROSINE KINASES that bind vascular endothelial growth factors. They share a cluster of seven extracellular Ig-like domains which are important for ligand binding. They are highly expressed in vascular endothelial cells and are critical for the physiological and pathological growth, development and maintenance of blood and lymphatic vessels.

A fibroblast growth factor that is a specific mitogen for EPITHELIAL CELLS. It binds a complex of HEPARAN SULFATE and FIBROBLAST GROWTH FACTOR RECEPTOR 2B.

The sequence of PURINES and PYRIMIDINES in nucleic acids and polynucleotides. It is also called nucleotide sequence.

A 44-kDa extracellular signal-regulated MAP kinase that may play a role the initiation and regulation of MEIOSIS; MITOSIS; and postmitotic functions in differentiated cells. It phosphorylates a number of TRANSCRIPTION FACTORS; and MICROTUBULE-ASSOCIATED PROTEINS.

Cells that line the inner and outer surfaces of the body by forming cellular layers (EPITHELIUM) or masses. Epithelial cells lining the SKIN; the MOUTH; the NOSE; and the ANAL CANAL derive from ectoderm; those lining the RESPIRATORY SYSTEM and the DIGESTIVE SYSTEM derive from endoderm; others (CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM and LYMPHATIC SYSTEM) derive from mesoderm. Epithelial cells can be classified mainly by cell shape and function into squamous, glandular and transitional epithelial cells.

Any of the processes by which nuclear, cytoplasmic, or intercellular factors influence the differential control of gene action in neoplastic tissue.

A negative regulatory effect on physiological processes at the molecular, cellular, or systemic level. At the molecular level, the major regulatory sites include membrane receptors, genes (GENE EXPRESSION REGULATION), mRNAs (RNA, MESSENGER), and proteins.

A mitogen-activated protein kinase subfamily that is widely expressed and plays a role in regulation of MEIOSIS; MITOSIS; and post mitotic functions in differentiated cells. The extracellular signal regulated MAP kinases are regulated by a broad variety of CELL SURFACE RECEPTORS and can be activated by certain CARCINOGENS.

A molecule that binds to another molecule, used especially to refer to a small molecule that binds specifically to a larger molecule, e.g., an antigen binding to an antibody, a hormone or neurotransmitter binding to a receptor, or a substrate or allosteric effector binding to an enzyme. Ligands are also molecules that donate or accept a pair of electrons to form a coordinate covalent bond with the central metal atom of a coordination complex. (From Dorland, 27th ed)

Elements of limited time intervals, contributing to particular results or situations.

A proline-directed serine/threonine protein kinase which mediates signal transduction from the cell surface to the nucleus. Activation of the enzyme by phosphorylation leads to its translocation into the nucleus where it acts upon specific transcription factors. p40 MAPK and p41 MAPK are isoforms.

Small, monomeric GTP-binding proteins encoded by ras genes (GENES, RAS). The protooncogene-derived protein, PROTO-ONCOGENE PROTEIN P21(RAS), plays a role in normal cellular growth, differentiation and development. The oncogene-derived protein (ONCOGENE PROTEIN P21(RAS)) can play a role in aberrant cellular regulation during neoplastic cell transformation (CELL TRANSFORMATION, NEOPLASTIC). This enzyme was formerly listed as EC 3.6.1.47.

Any of the processes by which nuclear, cytoplasmic, or intercellular factors influence the differential control (induction or repression) of gene action at the level of transcription or translation.

One of the mechanisms by which CELL DEATH occurs (compare with NECROSIS and AUTOPHAGOCYTOSIS). Apoptosis is the mechanism responsible for the physiological deletion of cells and appears to be intrinsically programmed. It is characterized by distinctive morphologic changes in the nucleus and cytoplasm, chromatin cleavage at regularly spaced sites, and the endonucleolytic cleavage of genomic DNA; (DNA FRAGMENTATION); at internucleosomal sites. This mode of cell death serves as a balance to mitosis in regulating the size of animal tissues and in mediating pathologic processes associated with tumor growth.

The phenotypic manifestation of a gene or genes by the processes of GENETIC TRANSCRIPTION and GENETIC TRANSLATION.

A variation of the PCR technique in which cDNA is made from RNA via reverse transcription. The resultant cDNA is then amplified using standard PCR protocols.

Soluble protein factors generated by activated lymphocytes that affect other cells, primarily those involved in cellular immunity.

A PROTEIN-TYROSINE KINASE family that was originally identified by homology to the Rous sarcoma virus ONCOGENE PROTEIN PP60(V-SRC). They interact with a variety of cell-surface receptors and participate in intracellular signal transduction pathways. Oncogenic forms of src-family kinases can occur through altered regulation or expression of the endogenous protein and by virally encoded src (v-src) genes.

Substances that stimulate mitosis and lymphocyte transformation. They include not only substances associated with LECTINS, but also substances from streptococci (associated with streptolysin S) and from strains of alpha-toxin-producing staphylococci. (Stedman, 25th ed)

Progressive restriction of the developmental potential and increasing specialization of function that leads to the formation of specialized cells, tissues, and organs.

Epidermal cells which synthesize keratin and undergo characteristic changes as they move upward from the basal layers of the epidermis to the cornified (horny) layer of the skin. Successive stages of differentiation of the keratinocytes forming the epidermal layers are basal cell, spinous or prickle cell, and the granular cell.

A 200-230-kDa tyrosine kinase receptor for vascular endothelial growth factors found primarily in endothelial and hematopoietic cells and their precursors. VEGFR-2 is important for vascular and hematopoietic development, and mediates almost all endothelial cell responses to VEGF.

Recombinant proteins produced by the GENETIC TRANSLATION of fused genes formed by the combination of NUCLEIC ACID REGULATORY SEQUENCES of one or more genes with the protein coding sequences of one or more genes.

A malignant epithelial tumor with a glandular organization.

Molecular products metabolized and secreted by neoplastic tissue and characterized biochemically in cells or body fluids. They are indicators of tumor stage and grade as well as useful for monitoring responses to treatment and predicting recurrence. Many chemical groups are represented including hormones, antigens, amino and nucleic acids, enzymes, polyamines, and specific cell membrane proteins and lipids.

Proto-oncogene proteins that negatively regulate RECEPTOR PROTEIN-TYROSINE KINASE signaling. It is a UBIQUITIN-PROTEIN LIGASE and the cellular homologue of ONCOGENE PROTEIN V-CBL.

Members of the class of compounds composed of AMINO ACIDS joined together by peptide bonds between adjacent amino acids into linear, branched or cyclical structures. OLIGOPEPTIDES are composed of approximately 2-12 amino acids. Polypeptides are composed of approximately 13 or more amino acids. PROTEINS are linear polypeptides that are normally synthesized on RIBOSOMES.

The lipid- and protein-containing, selectively permeable membrane that surrounds the cytoplasm in prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells.

Cellular uptake of extracellular materials within membrane-limited vacuoles or microvesicles. ENDOSOMES play a central role in endocytosis.

A fibroblast growth factor receptor that is found in two isoforms. One receptor isoform is found in the MESENCHYME and is activated by FIBROBLAST GROWTH FACTOR 2. A second isoform of fibroblast growth factor receptor 2 is found mainly in EPITHELIAL CELLS and is activated by FIBROBLAST GROWTH FACTOR 7 and FIBROBLAST GROWTH FACTOR 10. Mutation of the gene for fibroblast growth factor receptor 2 can result in craniosynostotic syndromes (e.g., APERT SYNDROME; and CROUZON SYNDROME).

Cell changes manifested by escape from control mechanisms, increased growth potential, alterations in the cell surface, karyotypic abnormalities, morphological and biochemical deviations from the norm, and other attributes conferring the ability to invade, metastasize, and kill.

A deoxyribonucleotide polymer that is the primary genetic material of all cells. Eukaryotic and prokaryotic organisms normally contain DNA in a double-stranded state, yet several important biological processes transiently involve single-stranded regions. DNA, which consists of a polysugar-phosphate backbone possessing projections of purines (adenine and guanine) and pyrimidines (thymine and cytosine), forms a double helix that is held together by hydrogen bonds between these purines and pyrimidines (adenine to thymine and guanine to cytosine).

A signal transducing adaptor protein that links extracellular signals to the MAP KINASE SIGNALING SYSTEM. Grb2 associates with activated EPIDERMAL GROWTH FACTOR RECEPTOR and PLATELET-DERIVED GROWTH FACTOR RECEPTORS via its SH2 DOMAIN. It also binds to and translocates the SON OF SEVENLESS PROTEINS through its SH3 DOMAINS to activate PROTO-ONCOGENE PROTEIN P21(RAS).

A phorbol ester found in CROTON OIL with very effective tumor promoting activity. It stimulates the synthesis of both DNA and RNA.

A protein-tyrosine kinase receptor that is closely related in structure to the INSULIN RECEPTOR. Although commonly referred to as the IGF-I receptor, it binds both IGF-I and IGF-II with high affinity. It is comprised of a tetramer of two alpha and two beta subunits which are derived from cleavage of a single precursor protein. The beta subunit contains an intrinsic tyrosine kinase domain.

Resistance or diminished response of a neoplasm to an antineoplastic agent in humans, animals, or cell or tissue cultures.

A fibroblast growth factor receptor with specificity for FIBROBLAST GROWTH FACTORS; HEPARAN SULFATE PROTEOGLYCAN; and NEURONAL CELL ADHESION MOLECULES. Several variants of the receptor exist due to multiple ALTERNATIVE SPLICING of its mRNA. Fibroblast growth factor receptor 1 is a tyrosine kinase that transmits signals through the MAP KINASE SIGNALING SYSTEM.

A broad category of carrier proteins that play a role in SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION. They generally contain several modular domains, each of which having its own binding activity, and act by forming complexes with other intracellular-signaling molecules. Signal-transducing adaptor proteins lack enzyme activity, however their activity can be modulated by other signal-transducing enzymes

Serologic tests in which a positive reaction manifested by visible CHEMICAL PRECIPITATION occurs when a soluble ANTIGEN reacts with its precipitins, i.e., ANTIBODIES that can form a precipitate.

A positive regulatory effect on physiological processes at the molecular, cellular, or systemic level. At the molecular level, the major regulatory sites include membrane receptors, genes (GENE EXPRESSION REGULATION), mRNAs (RNA, MESSENGER), and proteins.

Insulin-like polypeptides made by the liver and some fibroblasts and released into the blood when stimulated by SOMATOTROPIN. They cause sulfate incorporation into collagen, RNA, and DNA synthesis, which are prerequisites to cell division and growth of the organism.

The span of viability of a cell characterized by the capacity to perform certain functions such as metabolism, growth, reproduction, some form of responsiveness, and adaptability.

Small double-stranded, non-protein coding RNAs (21-31 nucleotides) involved in GENE SILENCING functions, especially RNA INTERFERENCE (RNAi). Endogenously, siRNAs are generated from dsRNAs (RNA, DOUBLE-STRANDED) by the same ribonuclease, Dicer, that generates miRNAs (MICRORNAS). The perfect match of the siRNAs' antisense strand to their target RNAs mediates RNAi by siRNA-guided RNA cleavage. siRNAs fall into different classes including trans-acting siRNA (tasiRNA), repeat-associated RNA (rasiRNA), small-scan RNA (scnRNA), and Piwi protein-interacting RNA (piRNA) and have different specific gene silencing functions.

Restoration of integrity to traumatized tissue.

Cell surface protein-tyrosine kinase receptors for HEPATOCYTE GROWTH FACTOR. They consist of an extracellular alpha chain which is disulfide-linked to the transmembrane beta chain. The cytoplasmic portion contains the catalytic domain and sites critical for the regulation of kinase activity. Mutations of the gene for PROTO-ONCOGENE PROTEINS C-MET are associated with papillary renal carcinoma and other neoplasia.

A pathologic process consisting of the proliferation of blood vessels in abnormal tissues or in abnormal positions.

A fibroblast growth factor that is a mitogen for KERATINOCYTES. It activates FIBROBLAST GROWTH FACTOR RECEPTOR 2B and is involved in LUNG and limb development.

A group of enzymes that catalyzes the phosphorylation of serine or threonine residues in proteins, with ATP or other nucleotides as phosphate donors.

Theoretical representations that simulate the behavior or activity of biological processes or diseases. For disease models in living animals, DISEASE MODELS, ANIMAL is available. Biological models include the use of mathematical equations, computers, and other electronic equipment.

A selective increase in the number of copies of a gene coding for a specific protein without a proportional increase in other genes. It occurs naturally via the excision of a copy of the repeating sequence from the chromosome and its extrachromosomal replication in a plasmid, or via the production of an RNA transcript of the entire repeating sequence of ribosomal RNA followed by the reverse transcription of the molecule to produce an additional copy of the original DNA sequence. Laboratory techniques have been introduced for inducing disproportional replication by unequal crossing over, uptake of DNA from lysed cells, or generation of extrachromosomal sequences from rolling circle replication.

Cell-surface proteins that bind transforming growth factor beta and trigger changes influencing the behavior of cells. Two types of transforming growth factor receptors have been recognized. They differ in affinity for different members of the transforming growth factor beta family and in cellular mechanisms of action.

The action of a drug in promoting or enhancing the effectiveness of another drug.

Transforming proteins encoded by erbB oncogenes from the avian erythroblastosis virus. The protein is a truncated form of the EGF receptor (RECEPTOR, EPIDERMAL GROWTH FACTOR) whose kinase domain is constitutively activated by deletion of the ligand-binding domain.

Immunologic method used for detecting or quantifying immunoreactive substances. The substance is identified by first immobilizing it by blotting onto a membrane and then tagging it with labeled antibodies.

An serine-threonine protein kinase that requires the presence of physiological concentrations of CALCIUM and membrane PHOSPHOLIPIDS. The additional presence of DIACYLGLYCEROLS markedly increases its sensitivity to both calcium and phospholipids. The sensitivity of the enzyme can also be increased by PHORBOL ESTERS and it is believed that protein kinase C is the receptor protein of tumor-promoting phorbol esters.

A 180-kDa VEGF receptor found primarily in endothelial cells that is essential for vasculogenesis and vascular maintenance. It is also known as Flt-1 (fms-like tyrosine kinase receptor-1). A soluble, alternatively spliced isoform of the receptor may serve as a binding protein that regulates the availability of various ligands for VEGF receptor binding and signal transduction.

In vivo methods of screening investigative anticancer drugs, biologic response modifiers or radiotherapies. Human tumor tissue or cells are transplanted into mice or rats followed by tumor treatment regimens. A variety of outcomes are monitored to assess antitumor effectiveness.

The level of protein structure in which combinations of secondary protein structures (alpha helices, beta sheets, loop regions, and motifs) pack together to form folded shapes called domains. Disulfide bridges between cysteines in two different parts of the polypeptide chain along with other interactions between the chains play a role in the formation and stabilization of tertiary structure. Small proteins usually consist of only one domain but larger proteins may contain a number of domains connected by segments of polypeptide chain which lack regular secondary structure.

A CCN protein family member that regulates a variety of extracellular functions including CELL ADHESION; CELL MIGRATION; and EXTRACELLULAR MATRIX synthesis. It is found in hypertrophic CHONDROCYTES where it may play a role in CHONDROGENESIS and endochondral ossification.

CELL LINES derived from the CV-1 cell line by transformation with a replication origin defective mutant of SV40 VIRUS, which codes for wild type large T antigen (ANTIGENS, POLYOMAVIRUS TRANSFORMING). They are used for transfection and cloning. (The CV-1 cell line was derived from the kidney of an adult male African green monkey (CERCOPITHECUS AETHIOPS).)

A PDGF receptor that binds specifically to the PDGF-B chain. It contains a protein-tyrosine kinase activity that is involved in SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION.

Linear POLYPEPTIDES that are synthesized on RIBOSOMES and may be further modified, crosslinked, cleaved, or assembled into complex proteins with several subunits. The specific sequence of AMINO ACIDS determines the shape the polypeptide will take, during PROTEIN FOLDING, and the function of the protein.

Processes that stimulate the GENETIC TRANSCRIPTION of a gene or set of genes.

A family of peptides originally found as factors that stimulate the phosphorylation of the erbB-2 receptor (RECEPTORS, ERBB-2). Multiple variant forms of NEUREGULINS occur due to alternative splicing of their mRNAs. The NEUREGULINS include products from the three known genes (NGR1; NGR2 and NGR3).

One or more layers of EPITHELIAL CELLS, supported by the basal lamina, which covers the inner or outer surfaces of the body.

A CELL LINE derived from a PHEOCHROMOCYTOMA of the rat ADRENAL MEDULLA. PC12 cells stop dividing and undergo terminal differentiation when treated with NERVE GROWTH FACTOR, making the line a useful model system for NERVE CELL differentiation.

Cytoplasmic proteins that bind estrogens and migrate to the nucleus where they regulate DNA transcription. Evaluation of the state of estrogen receptors in breast cancer patients has become clinically important.

Soft tissue tumors or cancer arising from the mucosal surfaces of the LIP; oral cavity; PHARYNX; LARYNX; and cervical esophagus. Other sites included are the NOSE and PARANASAL SINUSES; SALIVARY GLANDS; THYROID GLAND and PARATHYROID GLANDS; and MELANOMA and non-melanoma skin cancers of the head and neck. (from Holland et al., Cancer Medicine, 4th ed, p1651)

Proteins which are found in membranes including cellular and intracellular membranes. They consist of two types, peripheral and integral proteins. They include most membrane-associated enzymes, antigenic proteins, transport proteins, and drug, hormone, and lectin receptors.

Cell surface receptors that bind NERVE GROWTH FACTOR; (NGF) and a NGF-related family of neurotrophic factors that includes neurotrophins, BRAIN-DERIVED NEUROTROPHIC FACTOR and CILIARY NEUROTROPHIC FACTOR.

The biosynthesis of RNA carried out on a template of DNA. The biosynthesis of DNA from an RNA template is called REVERSE TRANSCRIPTION.

A malignant form of astrocytoma histologically characterized by pleomorphism of cells, nuclear atypia, microhemorrhage, and necrosis. They may arise in any region of the central nervous system, with a predilection for the cerebral hemispheres, basal ganglia, and commissural pathways. Clinical presentation most frequently occurs in the fifth or sixth decade of life with focal neurologic signs or seizures.

Detection of RNA that has been electrophoretically separated and immobilized by blotting on nitrocellulose or other type of paper or nylon membrane followed by hybridization with labeled NUCLEIC ACID PROBES.

CULTURE MEDIA free of serum proteins but including the minimal essential substances required for cell growth. This type of medium avoids the presence of extraneous substances that may affect cell proliferation or unwanted activation of cells.

Conjugated protein-carbohydrate compounds including mucins, mucoid, and amyloid glycoproteins.

A CALMODULIN-dependent enzyme that catalyzes the phosphorylation of proteins. This enzyme is also sometimes dependent on CALCIUM. A wide range of proteins can act as acceptor, including VIMENTIN; SYNAPSINS; GLYCOGEN SYNTHASE; MYOSIN LIGHT CHAINS; and the MICROTUBULE-ASSOCIATED PROTEINS. (From Enzyme Nomenclature, 1992, p277)

Ability of neoplasms to infiltrate and actively destroy surrounding tissue.

The parts of a macromolecule that directly participate in its specific combination with another molecule.

Specific proteins found in or on cells of progesterone target tissues that specifically combine with progesterone. The cytosol progesterone-receptor complex then associates with the nucleic acids to initiate protein synthesis. There are two kinds of progesterone receptors, A and B. Both are induced by estrogen and have short half-lives.

A family of enzymes that catalyze the conversion of ATP and a protein to ADP and a phosphoprotein.

A family of signaling adaptor proteins that contain SRC HOMOLOGY DOMAINS. Many members of this family are involved in transmitting signals from CELL SURFACE RECEPTORS to MITOGEN-ACTIVATED PROTEIN KINASES.

Experimental transplantation of neoplasms in laboratory animals for research purposes.

Transplantation between animals of different species.

Proteins whose abnormal expression (gain or loss) are associated with the development, growth, or progression of NEOPLASMS. Some neoplasm proteins are tumor antigens (ANTIGENS, NEOPLASM), i.e. they induce an immune reaction to their tumor. Many neoplasm proteins have been characterized and are used as tumor markers (BIOMARKERS, TUMOR) when they are detectable in cells and body fluids as monitors for the presence or growth of tumors. Abnormal expression of ONCOGENE PROTEINS is involved in neoplastic transformation, whereas the loss of expression of TUMOR SUPPRESSOR PROTEINS is involved with the loss of growth control and progression of the neoplasm.

Family of retrovirus-associated DNA sequences (ras) originally isolated from Harvey (H-ras, Ha-ras, rasH) and Kirsten (K-ras, Ki-ras, rasK) murine sarcoma viruses. Ras genes are widely conserved among animal species and sequences corresponding to both H-ras and K-ras genes have been detected in human, avian, murine, and non-vertebrate genomes. The closely related N-ras gene has been detected in human neuroblastoma and sarcoma cell lines. All genes of the family have a similar exon-intron structure and each encodes a p21 protein.

Organic compounds containing the -CN radical. The concept is distinguished from CYANIDES, which denotes inorganic salts of HYDROGEN CYANIDE.

The erbB-2 gene is a proto-oncogene that codes for the erbB-2 receptor (RECEPTOR, ERBB-2), a protein with structural features similar to the epidermal growth factor receptor. Its name originates from the viral oncogene homolog (v-erbB) which is a truncated form of the chicken erbB gene found in the avian erythroblastosis virus. Overexpression and amplification of the gene is associated with a significant number of adenocarcinomas. The human c-erbB-2 gene is located at 17q21.2.

Cytoplasmic vesicles formed when COATED VESICLES shed their CLATHRIN coat. Endosomes internalize macromolecules bound by receptors on the cell surface.

Benign and malignant central nervous system neoplasms derived from glial cells (i.e., astrocytes, oligodendrocytes, and ependymocytes). Astrocytes may give rise to astrocytomas (ASTROCYTOMA) or glioblastoma multiforme (see GLIOBLASTOMA). Oligodendrocytes give rise to oligodendrogliomas (OLIGODENDROGLIOMA) and ependymocytes may undergo transformation to become EPENDYMOMA; CHOROID PLEXUS NEOPLASMS; or colloid cysts of the third ventricle. (From Escourolle et al., Manual of Basic Neuropathology, 2nd ed, p21)

Neoplasms of the intracranial components of the central nervous system, including the cerebral hemispheres, basal ganglia, hypothalamus, thalamus, brain stem, and cerebellum. Brain neoplasms are subdivided into primary (originating from brain tissue) and secondary (i.e., metastatic) forms. Primary neoplasms are subdivided into benign and malignant forms. In general, brain tumors may also be classified by age of onset, histologic type, or presenting location in the brain.

A strain of albino rat used widely for experimental purposes because of its calmness and ease of handling. It was developed by the Sprague-Dawley Animal Company.

The simultaneous or sequential binding of multiple cell surface receptors to different ligands resulting in coordinated stimulation or suppression of signal transduction.

A peptide factor originally identified by its ability to stimulate the phosphorylation the erbB-2 receptor (RECEPTOR, ERBB-2). It is a ligand for the erbB-3 receptor (RECEPTOR, ERBB-3) and the erbB-4 receptor. Variant forms of NEUREGULIN-1 occur through alternative splicing of its mRNA.

Eukaryotic cell line obtained in a quiescent or stationary phase which undergoes conversion to a state of unregulated growth in culture, resembling an in vitro tumor. It occurs spontaneously or through interaction with viruses, oncogenes, radiation, or drugs/chemicals.

A ubiquitously expressed raf kinase subclass that plays an important role in SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION. The c-raf Kinases are MAP kinase kinase kinases that have specificity for MAP KINASE KINASE 1 and MAP KINASE KINASE 2.

A subclass of phospholipases that hydrolyze the phosphoester bond found in the third position of GLYCEROPHOSPHOLIPIDS. Although the singular term phospholipase C specifically refers to an enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of PHOSPHATIDYLCHOLINE (EC 3.1.4.3), it is commonly used in the literature to refer to broad variety of enzymes that specifically catalyze the hydrolysis of PHOSPHATIDYLINOSITOLS.

Membrane-associated tyrosine-specific kinases encoded by the c-src genes. They have an important role in cellular growth control. Truncation of carboxy-terminal residues in pp60(c-src) leads to PP60(V-SRC) which has the ability to transform cells. This kinase pp60 c-src should not be confused with csk, also known as c-src kinase.

Short sequences (generally about 10 base pairs) of DNA that are complementary to sequences of messenger RNA and allow reverse transcriptases to start copying the adjacent sequences of mRNA. Primers are used extensively in genetic and molecular biology techniques.

New abnormal growth of tissue. Malignant neoplasms show a greater degree of anaplasia and have the properties of invasion and metastasis, compared to benign neoplasms.

A subfamily in the family MURIDAE, comprising the hamsters. Four of the more common genera are Cricetus, CRICETULUS; MESOCRICETUS; and PHODOPUS.

An enzyme group that specifically dephosphorylates phosphotyrosyl residues in selected proteins. Together with PROTEIN-TYROSINE KINASE, it regulates tyrosine phosphorylation and dephosphorylation in cellular signal transduction and may play a role in cell growth control and carcinogenesis.

A serine-threonine protein kinase family whose members are components in protein kinase cascades activated by diverse stimuli. These MAPK kinases phosphorylate MITOGEN-ACTIVATED PROTEIN KINASES and are themselves phosphorylated by MAP KINASE KINASE KINASES. JNK kinases (also known as SAPK kinases) are a subfamily.

A type of IN SITU HYBRIDIZATION in which target sequences are stained with fluorescent dye so their location and size can be determined using fluorescence microscopy. This staining is sufficiently distinct that the hybridization signal can be seen both in metaphase spreads and in interphase nuclei.

A prediction of the probable outcome of a disease based on a individual's condition and the usual course of the disease as seen in similar situations.

A 51-amino acid pancreatic hormone that plays a major role in the regulation of glucose metabolism, directly by suppressing endogenous glucose production (GLYCOGENOLYSIS; GLUCONEOGENESIS) and indirectly by suppressing GLUCAGON secretion and LIPOLYSIS. Native insulin is a globular protein comprised of a zinc-coordinated hexamer. Each insulin monomer containing two chains, A (21 residues) and B (30 residues), linked by two disulfide bonds. Insulin is used as a drug to control insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (DIABETES MELLITUS, TYPE 1).

The outer covering of the body that protects it from the environment. It is composed of the DERMIS and the EPIDERMIS.

The transfer of a neoplasm from one organ or part of the body to another remote from the primary site.

A malignant neoplasm made up of epithelial cells tending to infiltrate the surrounding tissues and give rise to metastases. It is a histological type of neoplasm but is often wrongly used as a synonym for "cancer." (From Dorland, 27th ed)

A family of soluble proteins that bind insulin-like growth factors and modulate their biological actions at the cellular level. (Int J Gynaecol Obstet 1992;39(1):3-9)

DNA sequences which are recognized (directly or indirectly) and bound by a DNA-dependent RNA polymerase during the initiation of transcription. Highly conserved sequences within the promoter include the Pribnow box in bacteria and the TATA BOX in eukaryotes.

A phosphoinositide phospholipase C subtype that is primarily regulated by PROTEIN-TYROSINE KINASES. It is structurally related to PHOSPHOLIPASE C DELTA with the addition of SRC HOMOLOGY DOMAINS and pleckstrin homology domains located between two halves of the CATALYTIC DOMAIN.

A family of membrane-anchored glycoproteins that contain a disintegrin and metalloprotease domain. They are responsible for the proteolytic cleavage of many transmembrane proteins and the release of their extracellular domain.

The development of new BLOOD VESSELS during the restoration of BLOOD CIRCULATION during the healing process.

Immunologic techniques based on the use of: (1) enzyme-antibody conjugates; (2) enzyme-antigen conjugates; (3) antienzyme antibody followed by its homologous enzyme; or (4) enzyme-antienzyme complexes. These are used histologically for visualizing or labeling tissue specimens.

The sum of the weight of all the atoms in a molecule.

Microscopy of specimens stained with fluorescent dye (usually fluorescein isothiocyanate) or of naturally fluorescent materials, which emit light when exposed to ultraviolet or blue light. Immunofluorescence microscopy utilizes antibodies that are labeled with fluorescent dye.

Proteins which bind to DNA. The family includes proteins which bind to both double- and single-stranded DNA and also includes specific DNA binding proteins in serum which can be used as markers for malignant diseases.

Adherence of cells to surfaces or to other cells.

Biochemical identification of mutational changes in a nucleotide sequence.

A technique that localizes specific nucleic acid sequences within intact chromosomes, eukaryotic cells, or bacterial cells through the use of specific nucleic acid-labeled probes.

One of two salivary glands in the neck, located in the space bound by the two bellies of the digastric muscle and the angle of the mandible. It discharges through the submandibular duct. The secretory units are predominantly serous although a few mucous alveoli, some with serous demilunes, occur. (Stedman, 25th ed)

The process of moving proteins from one cellular compartment (including extracellular) to another by various sorting and transport mechanisms such as gated transport, protein translocation, and vesicular transport.

Cellular DNA-binding proteins encoded by the sis gene (GENES, SIS). c-sis proteins make up the B chain of PLATELET-DERIVED GROWTH FACTOR. Overexpression of c-sis causes tumorigenesis.

The use of two or more chemicals simultaneously or sequentially in the drug therapy of neoplasms. The drugs need not be in the same dosage form.

The aggregation of soluble ANTIGENS with ANTIBODIES, alone or with antibody binding factors such as ANTI-ANTIBODIES or STAPHYLOCOCCAL PROTEIN A, into complexes large enough to fall out of solution.

The complex series of phenomena, occurring between the end of one CELL DIVISION and the end of the next, by which cellular material is duplicated and then divided between two daughter cells. The cell cycle includes INTERPHASE, which includes G0 PHASE; G1 PHASE; S PHASE; and G2 PHASE, and CELL DIVISION PHASE.

A gene silencing phenomenon whereby specific dsRNAs (RNA, DOUBLE-STRANDED) trigger the degradation of homologous mRNA (RNA, MESSENGER). The specific dsRNAs are processed into SMALL INTERFERING RNA (siRNA) which serves as a guide for cleavage of the homologous mRNA in the RNA-INDUCED SILENCING COMPLEX. DNA METHYLATION may also be triggered during this process.

A class of proteins involved in the transport of molecules via TRANSPORT VESICLES. They perform functions such as binding to the cell membrane, capturing cargo molecules and promoting the assembly of CLATHRIN. The majority of adaptor proteins exist as multi-subunit complexes, however monomeric varieties have also been found.

Immune responses to all ErbB family receptors detectable in serum of cancer patients. (1/11134)

Employing NIH3T3 transfectants with individual human ErbB receptor coding sequences as recombinant antigen sources, we detected by immunoblot analysis specific immunoreactivity against all four ErbB receptors among 13 of 41 sera obtained from patients with different types of epithelial malignancies. Overall, serum positivity was most frequently directed against ErbB2 followed by EGFR, ErbB3 and ErbB4. Specificity patterns comprised tumor patients with unique serum reactivity against ErbB2 or ErbB4. Moreover, approximately half of the positive sera exhibited concomitant reactivity with multiple ErbB receptors including EGFR and ErbB2, EGFR and ErbB4, ErbB2 and ErbB3 or EGFR, ErbB2 and ErbB3. Serum reactivity was confirmed for the respective ErbB receptors expressed by human tumor cells and corroborated on receptor-specific immunoprecipitates. Positive sera contained ErbB-specific antibodies of the IgG isotype. Representative immunohistochemical analysis of tumor tissues suggested overexpression of ErbB receptors for which serum antibodies were detectable in five of six patients. These findings implicate multiple ErbB receptors including ErbB3 and ErbB4 in addition to EGFR and ErbB2 in primary human cancer. Heterogeneity of natural ErbB-specific responses in cancer patients warrants their evaluation in light of immunotherapeutic approaches targeting these receptors. (+info)

Growth inhibition of breast cancer cells by Grb2 downregulation is correlated with inactivation of mitogen-activated protein kinase in EGFR, but not in ErbB2, cells. (2/11134)

Increased breast cancer growth has been associated with increased expression of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and ErbB2 receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs). Upon activation, RTKs may transmit their oncogenic signals by binding to the growth factor receptor bound protein-2 (Grb2), which in turn binds to SOS and activates the Ras/Raf/MEK/mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase pathway. Grb2 is important for the transformation of fibroblasts by EGFR and ErbB2; however, whether Grb2 is also important for the proliferation of breast cancer cells expressing these RTKs is unclear. We have used liposomes to deliver nuclease-resistant antisense oligodeoxynucleotides (oligos) specific for the GRB2 mRNA to breast cancer cells. Grb2 protein downregulation could inhibit breast cancer cell growth; the degree of growth inhibition was dependent upon the activation and/or endogenous levels of the RTKs. Grb2 inhibition led to MAP kinase inactivation in EGFR, but not in ErbB2, breast cancer cells, suggesting that different pathways might be used by EGFR and ErbB2 to regulate breast cancer growth. (+info)

The Gab1 PH domain is required for localization of Gab1 at sites of cell-cell contact and epithelial morphogenesis downstream from the met receptor tyrosine kinase. (3/11134)

Stimulation of the hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) receptor tyrosine kinase, Met, induces mitogenesis, motility, invasion, and branching tubulogenesis of epithelial and endothelial cell lines in culture. We have previously shown that Gab1 is the major phosphorylated protein following stimulation of the Met receptor in epithelial cells that undergo a morphogenic program in response to HGF. Gab1 is a member of the family of IRS-1-like multisubstrate docking proteins and, like IRS-1, contains an amino-terminal pleckstrin homology domain, in addition to multiple tyrosine residues that are potential binding sites for proteins that contain SH2 or PTB domains. Following stimulation of epithelial cells with HGF, Gab1 associates with phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase and the tyrosine phosphatase SHP2. Met receptor mutants that are impaired in their association with Gab1 fail to induce branching tubulogenesis. Overexpression of Gab1 rescues the Met-dependent tubulogenic response in these cell lines. The ability of Gab1 to promote tubulogenesis is dependent on its pleckstrin homology domain. Whereas the wild-type Gab1 protein is localized to areas of cell-cell contact, a Gab1 protein lacking the pleckstrin homology domain is localized predominantly in the cytoplasm. Localization of Gab1 to areas of cell-cell contact is inhibited by LY294002, demonstrating that phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase activity is required. These data show that Gab1 is an important mediator of branching tubulogenesis downstream from the Met receptor and identify phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase and the Gab1 pleckstrin homology domain as crucial for subcellular localization of Gab1 and biological responses. (+info)

Differential expression and translocation of protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B-related proteins in ME-180 tumor cells expressing apoptotic sensitivity and resistance to tumor necrosis factor: potential interaction with epidermal growth factor receptor. (4/11134)

Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-induced apoptosis can be inhibited by overexpression of specific tyrosine kinases or activation of tyrosine kinase cascades, suggesting potential antagonism between apoptotic and tyrosine kinase signaling processes. In this report, the effects of TNF on EGF receptor tyrosine phosphorylation in ME-180 cell variants selected for apoptotic sensitivity (Sen) or resistance (Res) to TNF, previously shown to differentially express EGFr, were examined. Prior to the onset of apoptosis, TNF caused a significant reduction in the level of EGFr tyrosine phosphorylation in Sen cells but mediated only limited suppression of EGFr tyrosine phosphorylation in apoptotically resistant Res cells. In vitro incubation of cellular membranes with TNF derived from Sen cells stimulated a resident protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTP) activity which was able to dephosphorylate EGFr or tyrosine phosphopeptides mimicking an EGFr autophosphorylation site. In membrane preparations, PTPIB complexed with tyrosine phosphorylated EGFr and this association was disrupted by TNF through an apparent stimulation of PTP activity and turnover of phosphotyrosine. Intrinsic enzymatic activity of PTP1B was 2-3-fold higher in Sen versus Res cell lysates and a family of PTP1B-related proteins with altered C-termini was found to be highly expressed in Sen cells but absent or expressed at reduced levels in Res cells. Cytoplasmic extracts of Sen cells contained PTP1B-like proteins and TNF incubation resulted in the time dependent accumulation of PTP1B-like proteins in Sen cells but did not effect these proteins in Res cells. Together, these results suggest that specific changes in expression and subcellular distribution of phosphotyrosine modulatory proteins may play a role in conveying intrinsic apoptotic sensitivity to TNF in some tumor cell types. (+info)

An intramembrane modulator of the ErbB2 receptor tyrosine kinase that potentiates neuregulin signaling. (5/11134)

The ErbB2 receptor tyrosine kinase plays a critical role in a variety of developmental processes, and its aberrant activation may contribute to the progression of some breast and ovarian tumors. ASGP2, a transmembrane glycoprotein found on the surface of the highly metastatic ascites 13762 rat mammary adenocarcinoma cell line, is constitutively associated with ErbB2 in these cells and in mammary tissue from pregnant rats. Expression studies indicate that ASGP2 interacts directly and specifically with ErbB2 through one of its epidermal growth factor-like domains and that the co-expression of the two proteins in the same cell dramatically facilitates their direct stable interaction. Ectopic expression of ASGP2 in human melanoma tumor cells potentiates the response of endogenous ErbB2 to the neuregulin-1 growth factor. These observations point to a novel intramembrane mechanism for the modulation of receptor tyrosine kinase activity. (+info)

Transforming growth factor-alpha acting at the epidermal growth factor receptor reduces infarct volume after permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion in rats. (6/11134)

Transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF-alpha) is a ligand for the epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor (EGFR), and is more abundant than EGF in the brain. The authors studied whether administration of exogenous TGF-alpha into the brain can protect neurons against ischemia in a model of permanent middle cerebral artery (MCA) occlusion in the rat, and whether any effect of TGF-alpha was mediated by EGFR by administering 4,5-dianilinophthalimide (DAPH), a protein-tyrosine kinase inhibitor with high selectivity for EGFR. Rats received either TGF-alpha (10 or 25 ng), DAPH (100 ng), DAPH plus TGF-alpha (25 ng), or vehicle in the ipsilateral first ventricle. Drugs were administered twice: 30 minutes before and 30 minutes after MCA occlusion, and infarct volume was evaluated 24 hours later. Transforming growth factor-alpha at the dose of 25 ng caused a statistically significant reduction of infarct volume (60%) in relation to ischemic rats administered vehicle. This reduction was no longer seen when TGF-alpha was administered in combination with DAPH. The present results show that TGF-alpha can protect neurons from ischemic damage, and that this effect is mediated by EGFR. It is suggested that activation of EGFR-mediated intracellular signalling pathways contributes to the survival of neural cells susceptible to ischemic injury. (+info)

Elevation of the epidermal growth factor receptor and dependent signaling in human papillomavirus-infected laryngeal papillomas. (7/11134)

Laryngeal papillomas are benign tumors caused by human papillomaviruses types 6 and 11. This study addressed alterations in levels of signal transduction from the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) in papillomas and cultured papilloma cells compared to normal tissue and cells. Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) was activated to a greater extent, phosphotyrosine was more abundant, and EGFR was overexpressed in laryngeal papillomas compared to normal laryngeal epithelium by Western blot analysis. The EGFR was 3 times more abundant in cultured papilloma cells than in normal laryngeal cells by Scatchard analysis and Western blot, without gene amplification or an increase in steady-state levels of mRNA. Following stimulation with EGF, a significant portion of the EGFR was recycled to the surface in papilloma cells, whereas in normal cells, it was not. Tyrosine kinase activity and activation of MAPK was more responsive to epidermal growth factor stimulation in papilloma cells than in uninfected primary laryngeal cells. PD153035, a specific inhibitor of the EGFR, and an EGFR-specific antibody that blocks ligand binding completely abrogated basal MAPK activation by endogenous ligands in laryngeal papilloma cells. These results demonstrated that infection of laryngeal epithelium by low-risk human papillomaviruses elevates the EGFR by posttranslational mechanisms, increasing its responsiveness to ligand-mediated activation. They also showed that MAPK activation in laryngeal papillomas depends upon ligand-mediated EGFR stimulation. (+info)

Anti-epidermal growth factor receptor antibody C225 inhibits angiogenesis in human transitional cell carcinoma growing orthotopically in nude mice. (8/11134)

Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) regulates the growth and progression of human transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) of the bladder. We have shown that therapy targeting EGFR inhibited the growth of human TCC established orthotopically in nude mice. The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether EGFR-directed therapy affects angiogenesis associated with the growth and metastasis of human TCC. We determined the cytostatic effect and the effect on production of angiogenic factors after in vitro treatment of the human TCC cell line 253J B-V with MAb C225, a chimerized monoclonal anti-EGFR antibody. The 253J B-V cells were implanted orthotopically into athymic nude mice, and established tumors (4 weeks) were treated with i.p. MAb C225. Expression of the angiogenic factors vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), interleukin-8 (IL-8), and basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) was evaluated by immunohistochemistry and in situ mRNA hybridization analyses and correlated with microvessel density evaluated after immunohistochemical staining with anti-CD31. In vitro treatment with MAb C225 inhibited mRNA and protein production of VEGF, IL-8, and bFGF by 253J B-V cells in a dose-dependent manner. MAb C225 therapy of nude mice with established TCCs growing orthotopically resulted in inhibition of growth and metastasis compared with controls (P <0.0005). VEGF, IL-8, and bFGF expression was significantly lower in treated tumors than in controls. The down-regulation of these angiogenic factors preceded the involution of blood vessels. These studies indicate that therapy with anti-EGFR MAb C225 has a significant antitumor effect mediated, in part, by inhibition of angiogenesis. (+info)

"Signalling by the type 1 insulin-like growth factor receptor: interplay with the epidermal growth factor receptor". Growth ... "Epidermal growth factor induces rapid, reversible aggregation of the purified epidermal growth factor receptor". Biochemistry. ... The epidermal growth factor receptor is a member of the ErbB family of receptors, a subfamily of four closely related receptor ... "Bi-directional signaling between gastrointestinal peptide hormone receptors and epidermal growth factor receptor". Growth ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epidermal_growth_factor_receptor

... has been shown to interact with epidermal growth factor receptor. Recombinant human epidermal growth ... Polypeptide growth factors include: EGF acts by binding with high affinity to epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) on the ... Epidermal growth factor (EGF) is a protein that stimulates cell growth and differentiation by binding to its receptor, EGFR. ... Dreux AC, Lamb DJ, Modjtahedi H, Ferns GA (May 2006). "The epidermal growth factor receptors and their family of ligands: their ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epidermal_growth_factor

... epidermal growth factor; EGFR, epidermal growth factor receptor; MoAbs, monoclonal antibodies; VEGF, vascular endothelial ... factor for BPA in skin of 2.5. A relative biological effectiveness (RBE) or CBE factor of 3.2 has been used in all tissues for ... growth factor. The major challenge in the development of boron delivery agents has been the requirement for selective tumor ... The RBE factor is used to compare the biologic effectiveness of different types of ionizing radiation. The high-LET components ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neutron_capture_therapy_of_cancer

Herbst RS (2004). "Review of epidermal growth factor receptor biology". International Journal of Radiation Oncology, Biology, ... Epidermal growth factor (EGF) Various enzymes; most notably: α-amylase (EC3.2.1.1), or ptyalin, secreted by the acinar cells of ... Saliva limits the growth of bacterial pathogens and is a major factor in sustaining systemic and oral health through the ... Researchers at the University of Florida at Gainesville have discovered a protein called nerve growth factor (NGF) in the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saliva

Vertebrate hepatocyte growth factor-regulated tyrosine kinase substrate (HRS). Mammalian epidermal growth factor receptor ... Mammalian epidermal growth factor receptor substrate EPS15R. Drosophila melanogaster (Fruit fly) liquid facets (lqf), an epsin ... substrate 15 (EPS15), which is involved in cell growth regulation. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ubiquitin-interacting_motif

October 2003). "Aldosterone stimulates epidermal growth factor receptor expression". J. Biol. Chem. 278 (44): 43060-66. doi: ... and also by epidermal growth factor (EGF), which is a target of the signaling pathway activated by aldosterone Reduced ... Many of these remodelling effects seem to be mediated by transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta), which is a common ... Binding to beta-1 receptors in the myocardium increases the heart rate and makes contractions more forceful in an attempt to ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pathophysiology_of_heart_failure

Herbst RS (2004). "Review of epidermal growth factor receptor biology". International Journal of Radiation Oncology, Biology, ... Effects of EGF Epidermal growth factor (EGF) results in cellular proliferation, differentiation, and survival. EGF is a low- ... Stomach as nutrition sensor The human stomach can "taste" sodium glutamate using glutamate receptors and this information is ... The stomach can also sense, independently of tongue and oral taste receptors, glucose, carbohydrates, proteins, and fats. This ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stomach

... growth factor receptor antibodies which are inhibitors of epidermal growth factor binding and antagonists of epidermal growth ... Identification of high affinity receptors for epidermal growth factor by an anti-receptor monoclonal antibody. Proc Natl Acad ... "Targeting the epidermal growth factor receptor for cancer therapy". Journal of Clinical Oncology. Retrieved March 2, 2011. " ... "Epidermal growth factor receptor family and chemosensitization". Journal of the National Cancer Institute. Archived from the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Mendelsohn_(doctor)

... including epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR; ERBB1), epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2; ERBB2), vascular ... June 2007). "Inhibition of the T790M gatekeeper mutant of the epidermal growth factor receptor by EXEL-7647". Clinical Cancer ... June 2007). "Inhibition of the T790M gatekeeper mutant of the epidermal growth factor receptor by EXEL-7647". Clinical Cancer ... endothelial growth factor receptor (VEGFR), and ephrin B4 (EphB4). The drug activity was initially studied in non-small cell ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tesevatinib

... and interaction partners of epidermal growth factor receptor signaling after stimulation by epidermal growth factor using ... "Crystal structure of a truncated epidermal growth factor receptor extracellular domain bound to transforming growth factor α". ... "Crystal structure of a truncated epidermal growth factor receptor extracellular domain bound to transforming growth factor ... There are 11 growth factors that activate ErbB receptors. The ability ('+') or inability ('-') of each growth factor to ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ErbB

"Sprouty2 attenuates epidermal growth factor receptor ubiquitylation and endocytosis, and consequently enhances Ras/ERK ... "Ligand-induced ubiquitination of the epidermal growth factor receptor involves the interaction of the c-Cbl RING finger and ... "cbl-b inhibits epidermal growth factor receptor signaling". Oncogene. 18 (10): 1855-66. doi:10.1038/sj.onc.1202499. PMID ... "Identification of c-Cbl as a new ligase for insulin-like growth factor-I receptor with distinct roles from Mdm2 in receptor ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CBL_(gene)

September 2006). "Assessment of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) expression in primary colorectal carcinomas and their ... Harari PM (December 2004). "Epidermal growth factor receptor inhibition strategies in oncology". Endocrine-Related Cancer. 11 ( ... estrogens and progesterone receptor (ER & PR) staining are used both diagnostically (breast and gyn tumors) as well as ... The presence of hormone receptors can be used to determine if a tumor is potentially responsive to antihormonal therapy. One of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immunohistochemistry

EPH receptor A2, ETV6, Epidermal growth factor receptor, Erythropoietin receptor, FRS2, Fas ligand, GAB1, GAB2, Glycoprotein ... The protein encoded by this gene binds receptors such as the epidermal growth factor receptor and contains one SH2 domain and ... Grb2 is best known for its ability to link the epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase to the activation of Ras and ... Liu YF, Deth RC, Devys D (March 1997). "SH3 domain-dependent association of huntingtin with epidermal growth factor receptor ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GRB2

Beyond this, exons 2-6 code the ligand binding region; 7-14 code the epidermal growth factor (EGF) domain; 15 codes the ... There are three "growth factor" repeats; A, B and C. A and B are closely linked while C is separated by the YWTD repeat region ... Description of LDL receptor pathway at the Brown - Goldstein Laboratory webpage LDL+Receptor at the US National Library of ... This precludes the movement of the receptor from the ER to the Golgi, and leads to degradation of the receptor protein. Class 3 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LDL_receptor

2002). "Sprouty2 attenuates epidermal growth factor receptor ubiquitylation and endocytosis, and consequently enhances Ras/ERK ... 1999). "Cbl-b inhibits epidermal growth factor receptor signaling". Oncogene. 18 (10): 1855-66. doi:10.1038/sj.onc.1202499. ... CBLC has been shown to interact with FYN and Epidermal growth factor receptor. GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000142273 - ... 2002). "C-Cbl is involved in Met signaling in B cells and mediates hepatocyte growth factor-induced receptor ubiquitination". J ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CBLC

It binds to the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). The US FDA approved necitumumab under the brand name Portrazza for use ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Necitumumab

CBLB has been shown to interact with: CRKL, Epidermal growth factor receptor, Grb2, NEDD4, PIK3R1, and SH3KBP1. GRCh38: Ensembl ... 2001). "Cbl-b-dependent coordinated degradation of the epidermal growth factor receptor signaling complex". J. Biol. Chem. 276 ... 1999). "cbl-b inhibits epidermal growth factor receptor signaling". Oncogene. 18 (10): 1855-66. doi:10.1038/sj.onc.1202499. ... "cbl-b inhibits epidermal growth factor receptor signaling". Oncogene. 18 (10): 1855-66. doi:10.1038/sj.onc.1202499. PMID ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CBLB_(gene)

"Heterogeneity of epidermal growth factor receptor signalling networks in glioblastoma". Nature Reviews Cancer. 15 (5): 302-310 ... "Oncogene Amplification in Growth Factor Signaling Pathways Renders Cancers Dependent on Membrane Lipid Remodeling". Cell ... "EGFR mutation-induced alternative splicing of Max contributes to growth of glycolytic tumors in brain cancer". Cell Metabolism ... including alterations in glucose and lipid metabolism that drive tumor growth, progression and drug resistance. These studies, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_Mischel

Argos is a secreted protein that is an inhibitor of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) pathway in Drosophila ... Klein DE, Nappi VM, Reeves GT, Shvartsman SY, Lemmon MA (August 2004). "Argos inhibits epidermal growth factor receptor ... Argos binds the epidermal growth factor domain of Spitz, preventing interaction between Spitz and EGFR. Argos does not directly ... receptor. EGFR inhibitor Freeman M, Klämbt C, Goodman CS, Rubin GM (June 1992). "The argos gene encodes a diffusible factor ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argos_(EGFR_Inhibitor)

Sakaguchi K, Okabayashi Y, Kasuga M (2001). "Shc mediates ligand-induced internalization of epidermal growth factor receptors ... Rotem-Yehudar R, Galperin E, Horowitz M (2001). "Association of insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor with EHD1 and SNAP29". J ... 1999). "A beta-turn endocytic code is required for optimal internalization of the growth hormone receptor but not for alpha- ... 2001). "Identification of a motif in the carboxyl terminus of CXCR2 that is involved in adaptin 2 binding and receptor ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adaptor-related_protein_complex_2,_alpha_1

... the epidermal growth factor receptor, the neurotrophin receptor, and the insulin receptors. All growth factor receptors are ... A growth factor receptor is a receptor that binds to a growth factor. Growth factor receptors are the first stop in cells where ... Epidermal growth factor receptors are involved heavily with oncogene activity. Once growth factors bind to their receptor, a ... Growth factors, which are ligands that bind to the receptor are the initial step to activating the growth factor receptors and ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Growth_factor_receptor

Riely GJ, Politi KA, Miller VA, Pao W (December 2006). "Update on epidermal growth factor receptor mutations in non-small cell ... Shigematsu H, Gazdar AF (January 2006). "Somatic mutations of epidermal growth factor receptor signaling pathway in lung ... "Epidermal growth factor receptor mutations in small cell lung cancer". Clinical Cancer Research. 14 (19): 6092-6. doi:10.1158/ ... "Epidermal growth factor receptor mutation status and clinicopathological features of combined small cell carcinoma with ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Targeted_therapy_of_lung_cancer

Epidermal growth factor receptor kinase substrate 8 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the EPS8 gene. This gene encodes ... "Entrez Gene: EPS8 epidermal growth factor receptor pathway substrate 8". Offenhäuser N, Borgonovo A, Disanza A, Romano P, ... a substrate for the epidermal growth factor receptor kinase, enhances EGF-dependent mitogenic signals". EMBO J. 12 (10): 3799- ... Highly similar proteins in other organisms are involved in the transduction of signals from Ras to Rac and growth factor- ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/EPS8

1995). "Pachydermoperiostosis, study of epidermal growth factor and steroid receptors". Br J Dermatol. 133 (1): 128-133. doi: ... platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) and epidermal growth factor (EGF). It has not been described yet what role these ... such as Von Willebrand factor and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). These substances could also have a role in PDP ... 2000). "Vascular endothelial growth factor and hypertrophic osteoarthropathy". Clin Exp Rheumatol. 18 (1): 57-62. PMID 10728444 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pachydermoperiostosis

"EGFR epidermal growth factor receptor [Homo sapiens (Human)] - Gene - NCBI". Ellington N, Park JY, King K, Josephs S, Rakheja D ... The EGFR gene which codes for the production of the epidermal growth factor receptor protein is located at band 11.2 on the ... Articles with short description, Short description matches Wikidata, Dermal and subcutaneous growths, Connective and soft ... a growth of cells which is uncoordinated with that of the normal surrounding tissue and persists in growing abnormally even if ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fibrous_hamartoma_of_infancy

Epidermal growth factor receptor substrate 15 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the EPS15 gene. This gene encodes a ... "Entrez Gene: EPS15 epidermal growth factor receptor pathway substrate 15". "Salmonella infection data for Eps15". Wellcome ... "Parallel dimers and anti-parallel tetramers formed by epidermal growth factor receptor pathway substrate clone 15". J. Biol. ... The protein is present at clathrin-coated pits and is involved in receptor-mediated endocytosis of EGF. Notably, this gene is ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/EPS15

... which then inhibits the epidermal growth factor receptor pathway. Over-expression of epidermal growth factor receptors ... and the epidermal growth factor receptor inhibits dimerization of the receptor and binding of secreted spitz to the receptor". ... Spitz binds to and regulates the epidermal growth factor receptor. EGFR exists as a dimer, and two Spitz proteins bind to the ... Spitz is a protein in fruit flies which is the major activator of Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR). Spitz is produced as ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spitz_(protein)

Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is constitutively bound to TLR9. It can be activated by CpG Oligodeoxynucleotides such ... Toll-like receptor 9 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the TLR9 gene. TLR9 has also been designated as CD289 (cluster ... TLR9 also controls the release of IgA and IFN-a in SLE, and loss of the receptor leads to higher levels of both molecules. In ... Omiya S, Omori Y, Taneike M, Protti A, Yamaguchi O, Akira S, Shah AM, Nishida K, Otsu K (December 2016). "Toll-like receptor 9 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toll-like_receptor_9

Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is another validated target in NSCLC. Additionally, the T790M "gatekeeper" mutation is ... Brigatinib acts as both an anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) inhibitor.[medical ... Receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors, Aminopyrimidines, Takeda Pharmaceutical Company brands, Orphan drugs). ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brigatinib

Cancer growth blockers at the Cancer Research UK website. Status of Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Antagonists in the Biology ... Growth factor receptor inhibitors (growth factor inhibitors, growth factor receptor blockers, growth factor blockers, growth ... They interfere with binding of the growth factor to the corresponding growth factor receptors, impeding cell growth and are ... factor receptor antagonists, growth factor antagonists) are drugs that target the growth factor receptors of cells. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Growth_factor_receptor_inhibitor

Overexpression of Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2 (HER2), also known as erbB2, is correlated with a worse prognosis ... Biscardi JS, Belsches AP, Parsons SJ (April 1998). "Characterization of human epidermal growth factor receptor and c-Src ... Most studies have looked at the receptor tyrosine kinases and examples of these are platelet derived growth factor receptor ( ... PDGFR) pathway and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). Src contains at least three flexible protein domains, which, in ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proto-oncogene_tyrosine-protein_kinase_Src

Known substrates of RHBDL2 include thrombomodulin and epidermal growth factor; profiling of the substrate repertoire of RHBDL2 ... Adrain C, Strisovsky K, Zettl M, Hu L, Lemberg MK, Freeman M (May 2011). "Mammalian EGF receptor activation by the rhomboid ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhomboid-related_protein_2

Epidermal growth factor receptor kinase substrate 8-like protein 1 is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the EPS8L1 gene. ... This gene encodes a protein that is related to epidermal growth factor receptor pathway substrate 8 (EPS8), a substrate for the ... epidermal growth factor receptor. The function of this protein is unknown. Several alternatively spliced transcript variants ... 2004). "The eps8 Family of Proteins Links Growth Factor Stimulation to Actin Reorganization Generating Functional Redundancy in ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/EPS8L1

Gampel A, Parker PJ, Mellor H (September 1999). "Regulation of epidermal growth factor receptor traffic by the small GTPase ... represses the transcription of the transforming growth factor beta type II receptor by a mechanism involving activator protein ... Arthur WT, Ellerbroek SM, Der CJ, Burridge K, Wennerberg K (November 2002). "XPLN, a guanine nucleotide exchange factor for ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RHOB

It is mainly used to treat cases of NSCLC that harbour mutations in the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) gene. It is on ... and epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) kinases. Afatinib is not only active against EGFR mutations targeted by first ... Phase II results for breast cancer that over-expresses the protein human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (Her2-positive ... afatinib is a protein kinase inhibitor that also irreversibly inhibits human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (Her2) ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Afatinib

The epidermal receptors are tactile in function. They are also concerned with changes in temperature and respond to chemical ... One of the most important environmental factors is pH, but earthworms vary in their preferences. Most favour neutral to ... Several common earthworm species are mostly parthenogenetic, meaning that growth and development of embryos happens without ... Each receptor shows a slightly elevated cuticle which covers a group of tall, slender and columnar receptor cells. These cells ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earthworm

Accordingly, gene expression by degradation of transcription factors, such as p53, c-jun, c-Fos, NF-κB, c-Myc, HIF-1α, MATα2, ... Cell Growth & Differentiation. 12 (1): 29-37. PMID 11205743. Sheehy AM, Gaddis NC, Choi JD, Malim MH (Aug 2002). "Isolation of ... STAT3, sterol-regulated element-binding proteins and androgen receptors are all controlled by the UPS and thus involved in the ... "Microsequences of 145 proteins recorded in the two-dimensional gel protein database of normal human epidermal keratinocytes". ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PSMB3

Overexpression of this protein delays lysosomal degradation of the epidermal growth factor receptor. Because of its ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SNX13

CRK (gene) has been shown to interact with: BCAR1, Cbl gene, Dock180, EPS15, Epidermal growth factor receptor, Grb2, IRS4, ... Karas M, Koval AP, Zick Y, LeRoith D (2001). "The insulin-like growth factor I receptor-induced interaction of insulin receptor ... "Phosphorylation of CrkII adaptor protein at tyrosine 221 by epidermal growth factor receptor". J. Biol. Chem. 273 (27): 17186- ... "The beta-subunit of the hepatocyte growth factor/scatter factor (HGF/SF) receptor phosphorylates and associates with CrkII: ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adapter_molecule_crk

"Microfluidics-assisted fluorescence in situ hybridization for advantageous human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 assessment ... Fluorescent signal strength depends on many factors such as probe labeling efficiency, the type of probe, and the type of dye. ... Analysis in Budding Yeast Vegetative Growth and Meiosis". Journal of Visualized Experiments (135). doi:10.3791/57774. PMC ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fluorescence_in_situ_hybridization

The University of Oxford approved his Doctor of Philosophy thesis titled "Growth promoting and growth inhibiting factors in ... His first publication on the subject was "Sheets of Pure Epidermal Epithelium from Human Skin", which was published in Nature ... "Evolution of neurotransmitter receptor systems". Progress in Neurobiology. 30 (2-3): 105-169. doi:10.1016/0301-0082(88)90004-4 ... Medawar, Peter Brian (1941). Growth promoting and growth inhibiting factors in normal and abnormal development. bodleian.ox.ac. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter_Medawar

Miki K, Eddy EM (Apr 2002). "Tumor necrosis factor receptor 1 is an ATPase regulated by silencer of death domain". Molecular ... and cell growth and differentiation. Hsc70 is known to localize to the cytoplasm and lysosome, where it participates in ... "Microsequences of 145 proteins recorded in the two-dimensional gel protein database of normal human epidermal keratinocytes". ... Nunes SL, Calderwood SK (Aug 1995). "Heat shock factor-1 and the heat shock cognate 70 protein associate in high molecular ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HSPA8

Recent studies demonstrated the involvement of growth factors, such as epidermal growth factor (EGF) and neurotensin in the 5- ... "DU-145 and PC-3 human prostate cancer cell lines express androgen receptor: implications for the androgen receptor functions ... AGR2 and growth factor GDF15 as well as a number of other genes. Changes in these pathways and genes may facilitate increased ... the PI3k/Akt signaling cascade in conjunction with the transforming growth factor beta/SMAD signaling cascade that also protect ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prostate_cancer

Chang CJ, Chao JC (April 2002). "Effect of human milk and epidermal growth factor on growth of human intestinal Caco-2 cells". ... "Induction of the rat prodynorphin gene through Gs-coupled receptors may involve phosphorylation-dependent derepression and ... "The AP-1 transcription factor regulates breast cancer cell growth via cyclins and E2F factors". Oncogene. 27 (3): 366-77. doi: ... The growth factors TGF alpha, TGF beta, and IL2 have all been shown to stimulate c-Fos, and thereby stimulate cellular ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AP-1_transcription_factor

... epidermal growth factor - epidermal growth factor receptor - epidiorite - epigenetics - epinephrine - equine gonadotropin - ... transforming growth factor - transforming growth factor alpha - transforming growth factor beta - transforming growth factor ... fc receptor - feedback inhibition - fermentation - fetal protein - fibroblast growth factor - fibroblast growth factor receptor ... nerve growth factor - nerve growth factor receptor - nerve tissue protein - nerve tissue protein S 100 - nervous system - ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Index_of_biochemistry_articles

"Down-regulation of Epidermal Growth Factor Receptors by Nerve Growth Factor in PC12 Cells Is p140trk-, Ras-, and Src-dependent ... "Transcriptional Down-regulation of Epidermal Growth Factor (EGF) Receptors by Nerve Growth Factor (NGF) in PC12 Cells". Journal ... "Transcriptional Down-regulation of Epidermal Growth Factor (EGF) Receptors by Nerve Growth Factor (NGF) in PC12 Cells". Journal ... Lazarovici, Philip; Fink, Donald (August 1999). "Heterologous Upregulation of Nerve Growth Factor-TrkA Receptors in PC12 Cells ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philip_Lazarovici

"Regulation of FOXC1 stability and transcriptional activity by an epidermal growth factor-activated mitogen-activated protein ... Topical beta-adrenergic receptor antagonists, such as timolol, levobunolol, and betaxolol, decrease aqueous humor production by ... Simha A, Aziz K, Braganza A, Abraham L, Samuel P, Lindsley KB (February 2020). "Anti-vascular endothelial growth factor for ... Risk factors for glaucoma include increasing age, high pressure in the eye, a family history of glaucoma, and use of steroid ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glaucoma

This same unbounded growth is a feature of cancerous growth. Embryonic stem cells express telomerase, which allows them to ... Antigen receptors on CTL can bind to a 9-10 amino acid chain that is presented by the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) as ... Thus, telomere shortening does not appear to be a major factor in the aging of the differentiated cells of brain or skeletal ... but also in epidermal cells, in activated T cell and B cell lymphocytes, as well as in certain adult stem cells, but in the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telomerase

... of Lapatinib Plus Capecitabine Versus Trastuzumab Plus Capecitabine in Patients With Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2- ... of Lapatinib Plus Capecitabine Versus Trastuzumab Plus Capecitabine in Patients With Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2- ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xavier_Pivot

Other well-known mitogenic growth factors include platelet derived growth factor (PDGF) and epidermal growth factor (EGF). ... transforming growth factor (TGF-𝝱). TGF-𝝱 works by binding to cell-surface receptors and activating the Smad gene regulatory ... This is not true for all growth factors, as some growth factors instead appear to cause mitogenic effects like growth ... Some growth factors, such as vascular endothelial growth factor, are also capable of directly acting as mitogens, causing ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mitogen

... epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition in bladder cancer cells and reverses resistance to epidermal growth factor receptor ... overexpression of miR-200b resulted in a decrease of endometriotic cell motility and invasive growth, associated with ZEB1 and ... "Conserved MicroRNA miR-8/miR-200 and its target USH/FOG2 control growth by regulating PI3K". Cell. 139 (6): 1096-108. doi: ... "Regulation of miR-200 family microRNAs and ZEB transcription factors in ovarian cancer: evidence supporting a mesothelial-to- ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mir-200

Epidermal growth factor receptor Pathway Transforming growth factor beta receptor pathway Tumor necrosis factor alpha pathway ... The following immune signaling pathways are hosted by Netpath: B cell receptor pathway T cell receptor pathway Interleukin-1 ... pathway Inhibitor of DNA binding pathway Hedgehog pathway Notch pathway Wnt pathway Androgen receptor pathway Kit receptor ... and also a catalogue of genes which are differentially regulated upon activation of specific ligand mediated receptor pathways ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NetPath

Nimotuzumab is an inhibitor of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), which is over-expressed in many cancers. Nimotuzumab is ... There are other factors beside the embargo explaining the lack of imports, in particular Cuba's lack of hard currency. Those ... They perform a neighborhood health diagnosis biannually where community risk factors are evaluated to focus priorities for ... "The two determining factors underlying the crisis are well known. One is the dissolution of the Soviet Union and the socialist ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Healthcare_in_Cuba

Simultaneously, they upregulate cell-surface receptors that act as co-receptors in T-cell activation such as CD80 (B7.1), CD86 ... Pérez-Torres, A; Millán-Aldaco DA; Rondán-Zárate A (May-June 1995). "Epidermal Langerhans cells in the terrestrial turtle, ... Treatment of these monocytes with interleukin 4 (IL-4) and granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) leads to ... which are immune cells that can also suppress tumor growth. In experimental models, dendritic cells have also been shown to ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dendritic_cell

Epidermal growth factor receptor amplification and whole 1p/19q codeletion are mutually exclusive and predictive of completely ... In contrast to LOH on 17p, the prognostic impact of 9pCNN-LOH was independent of established risk factors such as 7/7q, 5q, or ... LOH for these chromosomal regions can now be used as an independent prognostic factor together with disease stage to target ... Loss of heterozygosity for chromosomes 1p and 16q is an adverse prognostic factor in favorable-histology Wilms tumor: a report ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virtual_karyotype

... may refer to: Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), a transmembrane receptor protein in humans Estimated glomerular ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/EGFR

This slide show highlights some of the cutaneous side effects related to the use of epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitors ... This slide show highlights some of the cutaneous side effects related to the use of epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitors ... Li T, Perez-Soler R. (2009). Skin toxicities associated with epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitors. Target Oncol., Apr;4( ... 2006). Dermatologic side effects associated with the epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitors. J Am Acad Dermatol., Oct;55(4 ...

https://www.cancernetwork.com/view/epidermal-growth-factor-receptor-inhibitor-cutaneous-side-effects

The current findings suggested that EGFR expression correlates with poor prognostic factors and may be used to predict patient ... Expression of epidermal growth factor receptor in esophageal and esophagogastric junction adenocarcinomas: association with ... In patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma, increased epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) expression has been ... Conclusions: The current findings suggested that EGFR expression correlates with poor prognostic factors and may be used to ...

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17211865/?dopt=Abstract

Chinese Medicine Prolongs Progression-Free Survival and Enhances Therapeutic Effects in Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor ... Retrospective Study to Identify Risk Factors for Severe Disease and Mortality Using the Modified Early Warn... Med Sci Monit In ... A Prospective Questionnaire-Based Study to Evaluate Factors Affecting the Decision to Receive COVID-19 Vacc... Med Sci Monit In ... Retrospective Evaluation of Hematological and Clinical Factors Associated with 30-Day Mortality in 170 Pati... Med Sci Monit In ...

https://medscimonit.com/abstract/index/idArt/917251

A frequent genetic alteration seen in approximately 40% of GBM cases is the amplification of Epidermal growth factor receptor ( ... This study aims to come to a conclusion on the prognostic capabilities of Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) amplification ... EGFR). EGFR is part of a family of tyrosine kinase receptors that have been shown to be important in cell growth and ... This meta-analysis indicates that EGFR amplification is not an independent prognostic factor in GBM patients. Grant - None ...

https://nsuworks.nova.edu/hcard/2020/day1/77/

EGFR, epidermal growth factor receptor.. We identified 83 cases of metastatic NSCLC harboring an EGFR mutation (Table 1) in our ... Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor-Mutant Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer and Choroidal Metastases: Long-Term Outcome and Response to ... EGFR, epidermal growth factor receptor; IHC, immunohistochemistry; TKI, tyrosine kinase inhibitor; SCLC, small cell lung cancer ... Although previously reported, little is known about choroidal metastasis in Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR)-mutant Non- ...

https://www.researchsquare.com/article/rs-49164/v3

Ang KK, Berkey BA, Tu X, Zhang HZ, Katz R, Hammond EH, Fu KK and Milas L: Impact of epidermal growth factor receptor expression ... Inhibition of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) signaling has emerged as a novel therapeutic strategy for the treatment ... Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR/ErbB1/HER1) overexpression is found in the majority of oral squamous cell carcinoma ( ... Loss of epidermal growth factor receptor expression in oral squamous cell carcinoma is associated with invasiveness and ...

https://www.spandidos-publications.com/10.3892/ol.2015.3833?text=fulltext

... have specific plasmamembrane receptors for both epidermal growth factor (EGF) and nerve growth factor (NGF). These growth ... Epidermal growth factor-receptor interaction in rat pheochromocytoma (PC12) and human epidermoid A431 cells: Biochemical and ... Epidermal growth factor-receptor interaction in rat pheochromocytoma (PC12) and human epidermoid A431 cells: Biochemical and ... EGF-receptor interaction in PC12 cells was characterized biochemically by ¹²⁵I-EGF binding studies. EGF binding was ...

https://dspace.library.uu.nl/handle/1874/24641

Suppression of an Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor-hyperproducing Tumor by an Immunotoxin Conjugate of Gelonin and a Monoclonal ... Norifumi Hirota, Masakazu Ueda, Soji Ozawa, Osahiko Abe, Nobuyoshi Shimizu; Suppression of an Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor- ... hyperproducing Tumor by an Immunotoxin Conjugate of Gelonin and a Monoclonal Anti-Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Antibody1. ... that recognizes the human epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor with gelonin, a ribosome-inactivating protein. This B4G7- ...

https://aacrjournals.org/cancerres/article/49/24_Part_1/7106/494517/Suppression-of-an-Epidermal-Growth-Factor-Receptor?searchresult=1

Of The T790M Mutation In Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Patients After Resistance To First-Line Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor ... Association Of Initial Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors Treatment And EGFR Exon 19 Deletion With ... Insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor/epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) heterodimerization and resistance to epidermal ... patients with epidermal growth factor receptor-mutant non-small-cell lung cancer treated with epidermal growth factor receptor ...

https://eurekamag.com/research/069/598/069598867.php

Biopsies from new metastases revealed development of epidermal growth factor receptor and V-Ki-ras2 Kirsten rat sarcoma viral ... which upon emergence of crizotinib resistance acquired 2 new somatic mutations in the epidermal growth factor receptor and V-Ki ... presumably because heterogeneous tumor clones utilize epidermal growth factor receptor and/or V-Ki-ras2 Kirsten rat sarcoma ... lymphoma kinase-positive non-small cell lung carcinoma patient with concomitant occurrence of epidermal growth factor receptor ...

https://bmcresnotes.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1756-0500-6-489/figures/5

... contributes to head and neck cancer growth and resistance to EGFR targeting. ... Mutant epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFRvIII) contributes to head and neck cancer growth and resistance to EGFR targeting ... PURPOSE: Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is overexpressed in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) where ... EGFRvIII-expressing cells and vector-transfected controls were compared for growth rates in vitro and in vivo as well as ...

https://scholars.duke.edu/display/pub675354

The significance of epidermal growth factor receptor and survivin expression in bladder cancer tissue and urine cytology of ... Objective: To assess whether epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and survivin immunostaining of tumour cells in urinary ... The significance of epidermal growth factor receptor and survivin expression in bladder cancer tissue and urine cytology of ...

http://sro.sussex.ac.uk/id/eprint/56012/

... human epidermal growth factor 2 negative (HER2-) metastatic breast cancer (MBC) within a large regional cancer centre, as a ... Study aimed to characterise treatment and outcomes for patients with hormone receptor positive (HR+), ... Phase III randomized study of Ribociclib and Fulvestrant in hormone receptor-positive, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 ... Real-world patterns of endocrine therapy for metastatic hormone-receptor-positive (HR+)/human epidermal growth factor receptor- ...

https://bmccancer.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12885-020-6527-y

... of patients with human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-positive metastatic breast cancer (MBC). A substantive ... Lapatinib plus Capecitabine versus Trastuzumab plus Capecitabine in the Treatment of Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2- ... Lapatinib plus Capecitabine versus Trastuzumab plus Capecitabine in the Treatment of Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2- ... of patients with human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-positive metastatic breast cancer (MBC). A substantive ...

https://www.ndph.ox.ac.uk/publications/1117177

Synthesis and evaluation of 2,7-diamino-thiazolo[4,5-d] pyrimidine analogues as anti-tumor epidermal growth factor receptor ( ... Synthesis and evaluation of 2,7-diamino-thiazolo[4,5-d] pyrimidine analogues as anti-tumor epidermal growth factor receptor ( ... Synthesis and evaluation of 2,7-diamino-thiazolo[4,5-d] pyrimidine analogues as anti-tumor epidermal growth factor receptor ( ... Synthesis and evaluation of 2,7-diamino-thiazolo[4,5-d] pyrimidine analogues as anti-tumor epidermal growth factor receptor ( ...

https://jhu.pure.elsevier.com/en/publications/synthesis-and-evaluation-of-27-diamino-thiazolo45-d-pyrimidine-an-4

Home Tags Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor variant III. Tag: Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor variant III. ...

https://www.oncozine.com/tag/epidermal-growth-factor-receptor-variant-iii/

Efficacy of anti-epidermal growth factor receptor agents in patients with RAS wild-type metastatic colorectal cancer ≥ 70 years ... Efficacy of anti-epidermal growth factor receptor agents in patients with RAS wild-type metastatic colorectal cancer ≥ 70 years ... Efficacy of anti-epidermal growth factor receptor agents in patients with RAS wild-type metastatic colorectal cancer ≥ 70 years ... Efficacy of anti-epidermal growth factor receptor agents in patients with RAS wild-type metastatic colorectal cancer ≥ 70 years ...

https://mayoclinic.pure.elsevier.com/en/publications/efficacy-of-anti-epidermal-growth-factor-receptor-agents-in-patie

"Epidermal growth factor receptor-mediated motility in fibroblasts",. abstract = "Cell motility is induced by many growth ... Epidermal growth factor receptor-mediated motility in fibroblasts. In: Microscopy Research and Technique. 1998 ; Vol. 43, No. 5 ... Epidermal growth factor receptor-mediated motility in fibroblasts. Alan Wells, Kiran Gupta, Philip Chang, Scott Swindle, Angela ... Epidermal growth factor receptor-mediated motility in fibroblasts. Microscopy Research and Technique. 1998 Dec 1;43(5):395-411 ...

https://okayama.pure.elsevier.com/en/publications/epidermal-growth-factor-receptor-mediated-motility-in-fibroblasts

... is the most extensively studied receptor tyrosine kinase with approximately 70,000 publications. ... The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGF R), also known ERBB1 or HER1, ... Most Studied Receptor Tyrosine Kinase The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGF R), also known ERBB1 or HER1, is the most ... The seven ligands are epidermal growth factor (EGF), transforming growth factor alpha (TGF-α), heparin-binding EGF-like growth ...

https://www.bio-rad-antibodies.com/epidermal-growth-factor-receptor.html

Erratum: The hydrolysis of cell surface glycosphingolipids by endoglycoceramidase reduces epidermal growth factor receptor ... Erratum : The hydrolysis of cell surface glycosphingolipids by endoglycoceramidase reduces epidermal growth factor receptor ... Erratum : The hydrolysis of cell surface glycosphingolipids by endoglycoceramidase reduces epidermal growth factor receptor ... T2 - The hydrolysis of cell surface glycosphingolipids by endoglycoceramidase reduces epidermal growth factor receptor ...

https://kyushu-u.pure.elsevier.com/en/publications/erratum-the-hydrolysis-of-cell-surface-glycosphingolipids-by-endo

Immunolocalization of basic fibroblast growth factor, fibroblast growth factor receptor-2, epidermal growth factor receptor and ... Immunolocalization of basic fibroblast growth factor, fibroblast growth factor receptor-2, epidermal growth factor receptor and ... Immunolocalization of basic fibroblast growth factor, fibroblast growth factor receptor-2, epidermal growth factor receptor and ... Immunolocalization of basic fibroblast growth factor, fibroblast growth factor receptor-2, epidermal growth factor receptor and ...

https://ohsu.pure.elsevier.com/en/publications/immunolocalization-of-basic-fibroblast-growth-factor-fibroblast-g-2

Detection of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) gene mutations is essential in deciding therapeutic strategy in non-small ... Detection of epidermal growth factor receptor gene T790M mutation in cytology samples using the cobas® EGFR mutation test. ... Detection of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) gene mutations is essential in deciding therapeutic strategy in non-small ...

https://www.researcher-app.com/paper/39264

Wilken, J. A., Baron, A. T., & Maihle, N. J. (2011). The epidermal growth factor receptor conundrum. Cancer, 117(11), 2358-2360 ... title = "The epidermal growth factor receptor conundrum",. author = "Wilken, {Jason A.} and Baron, {Andre T.} and Maihle, {Nita ... Wilken, Jason A. ; Baron, Andre T. ; Maihle, Nita J. / The epidermal growth factor receptor conundrum. In: Cancer. 2011 ; Vol. ... Wilken, JA, Baron, AT & Maihle, NJ 2011, The epidermal growth factor receptor conundrum, Cancer, vol. 117, no. 11, pp. 2358- ...

https://augusta.pure.elsevier.com/en/publications/the-epidermal-growth-factor-receptor-conundrum

Critical to LH-induced ovulation is the induction of epidermal growth factor (EGF)-like growth factors and transactivation of ... Critical to LH-induced ovulation is the induction of epidermal growth factor (EGF)-like growth factors and transactivation of ... Critical to LH-induced ovulation is the induction of epidermal growth factor (EGF)-like growth factors and transactivation of ... Critical to LH-induced ovulation is the induction of epidermal growth factor (EGF)-like growth factors and transactivation of ...

https://moh-it.pure.elsevier.com/en/publications/luteinizing-hormone-signaling-in-preovulatory-follicles-involves-

Purpose: Mutation of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) gene has been reported to be present in non-small cell lung cancer ... 深入研究「The impact of sex and smoking status on the mutational spectrum of epidermal growth factor receptor gene in non-small cell ... The impact of sex and smoking status on the mutational spectrum of epidermal growth factor receptor gene in non-small cell lung ... The impact of sex and smoking status on the mutational spectrum of epidermal growth factor receptor gene in non-small cell lung ...

https://tmu.pure.elsevier.com/zh/publications/the-impact-of-sex-and-smoking-status-on-the-mutational-spectrum-o

TIL, tumor infiltrating lymphocyte; HER2, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2; HR, hormone receptor; TLS, tertiary ... human epidermal growth factor receptor 2; HR, hormone receptor; TILs, tumor infiltrating lymphocytes; TLS, tertiary lymphoid ... The Expression of c-erbB-2 Oncoprotein and Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor ( EGFR ) in Breast Cancer Patients in Korea 1994 ; ... Here,we evaluated TILs and MxA expression in human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-positive breast cancers. ...

https://www.e-crt.org/journal/view.php?number=2598

Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2), a member of epidermal growth factor receptor family, is a transmembrane ... human epidermal growth factor receptor 2). Click here to view. Table 1: Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 expression ... human epidermal growth factor receptor 2, stage. How to cite this article:. Ahuja S, Arora VK. Evaluation of human epidermal ... Table 3: Correlation of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 expression with tumor grade. Click here to view. ...

https://jmgims.co.in/article.asp?issn=0971-9903

Epidermal growth factor receptor 2 immunoexpression in gastric cells of domestic cats with H. heilmannii infection. ... Início Epidermal growth factor receptor 2 immunoexpression in gastric cells of domestic cats with H. heilmannii infection ... Epidermal growth factor receptor 2 immunoexpression in gastric cells of domestic cats with H. heilmannii infection ...

https://pesquisadores.uff.br/academic-production/epidermal-growth-factor-receptor-2-immunoexpression-gastric-cells-domestic-cats

"Absence of epidermal growth factor receptor mutations in cervical cancer",. abstract = "Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR ... Absence of epidermal growth factor receptor mutations in cervical cancer. H. Arias-Pulido, N. Joste, A. Chavez, C. Y. Muller, D ... Absence of epidermal growth factor receptor mutations in cervical cancer. / Arias-Pulido, H.; Joste, N.; Chavez, A. et al. ... Absence of epidermal growth factor receptor mutations in cervical cancer. In: International Journal of Gynecological Cancer. ...

https://einstein.pure.elsevier.com/en/publications/absence-of-epidermal-growth-factor-receptor-mutations-in-cervical-2

Classification and management of skin, hair, nail and mucosal side-effects of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) inhibitors. (cancernetwork.com)
In patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma, increased epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) expression has been associated with a worse prognosis. (nih.gov)
The current findings suggested that EGFR expression correlates with poor prognostic factors and may be used to predict patient outcomes. (nih.gov)
Michael Ivan, MD, Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Miami, Miami, FL Objective - This study aims to come to a conclusion on the prognostic capabilities of Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) amplification in glioblastoma patients through a meta-analysis. (nova.edu)
A frequent genetic alteration seen in approximately 40% of GBM cases is the amplification of Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). (nova.edu)
EGFR is part of a family of tyrosine kinase receptors that have been shown to be important in cell growth and proliferation. (nova.edu)
Conclusion - This meta-analysis indicates that EGFR amplification is not an independent prognostic factor in GBM patients. (nova.edu)
Although previously reported, little is known about choroidal metastasis in Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR)-mutant Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). (researchsquare.com)
Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) accounts for 80% of all lung cancer cases, with mutation of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) found in 10-15% in Caucasian patients. (researchsquare.com)
Inhibition of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) signaling has emerged as a novel therapeutic strategy for the treatment of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). (spandidos-publications.com)
Transforming growth factor‑β induced low‑grade invasive cells to undergo an epithelial‑mesenchymal transition (EMT)‑associated gene switch, which resulted in low levels of EGFR expression. (spandidos-publications.com)
Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR/ErbB1/HER1) overexpression is found in the majority of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) tumors, and associations have been made between increased expression levels and an aggressive phenotype, poor prognosis and resistance to anticancer therapy ( 1 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
The present study analyzed the relationship between clinical features and the T790M mutation in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients resistant to epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors (EGFR-TKIs) treatment. (eurekamag.com)
Mutant epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFRvIII) contributes to head and neck cancer growth and resistance to EGFR targeting. (duke.edu)
PURPOSE: Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is overexpressed in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) where expression levels correlate with decreased survival. (duke.edu)
The present study was undertaken to determine the incidence of EGFRvIII expression in HNSCC and the biological consequences of EGFRvIII on tumor growth in response to EGFR targeting. (duke.edu)
EGFRvIII-expressing cells and vector-transfected controls were compared for growth rates in vitro and in vivo as well as chemotherapy-induced apoptosis and the consequences of EGFR inhibition using the chimeric monoclonal antibody C225/cetuximab/Erbitux. (duke.edu)
CONCLUSIONS: EGFRvIII is expressed in HNSCC where it contributes to enhanced growth and resistance to targeting wild-type EGFR. (duke.edu)
Objective: To assess whether epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and survivin immunostaining of tumour cells in urinary cytology and tissue of patients with bladder cancer has a prognostic significance. (sussex.ac.uk)
We investigated the efficacy and safety of adding anti-epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) agents to doublet chemotherapy (DC) in older patients. (elsevier.com)
Methods: Patients with RAS wild-type (WT) metastatic CRC (mCRC) receiving first-line DC + anti-EGFR (n = 1191) or DC alone (n = 729) from seven trials in the Aide de Recherche en Cancerologie Digestive database were included. (elsevier.com)
We have focused on the mechanisms by which the EGF receptor (EGFR) actuates fibroblast cell motility in an attempt to define this integrated process in one system. (elsevier.com)
Detection of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) gene mutations is essential in deciding therapeutic strategy in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients at initial diagnosis. (researcher-app.com)
Critical to LH-induced ovulation is the induction of epidermal growth factor (EGF)-like growth factors and transactivation of EGF receptor (EGFR) signaling. (elsevier.com)
LH-induced EGFR phosphorylation was sensitive to AG1478, an EGFR kinase inhibitor, and to inhibitors of matrix metalloproteases GM6001 and TNFα protease inhibitor-1 (TAPI-1), suggesting the involvement of EGF-like growth factor shedding. (elsevier.com)
Purpose: Mutation of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) gene has been reported to be present in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and significantly associated with female sex and never-smoking status. (elsevier.com)
Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is overexpressed in the majority of cervical cancers (CCs). (elsevier.com)
Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) gene overexpression occurs in nearly 50% of cases of glioblastoma. (who.int)
To gain insight into the mechanisms which control the mitogenic response to epidermal growth factor (EGF), we have partially purified and characterized several intracellular proteins which are phosphorylated on tyrosine residues following activation of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). (ox.ac.uk)
Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) gene mutation, especially in exons 18 to 21, is an important predictor of the response rate of lung adenocarcinoma to tyrosine kinase inhibitors. (iranpath.org)
The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is not one of them. (aacr.org)
Diagram of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). (aacr.org)
Therefore, we have attempted to utilize systemic nymphal RNA interference (nyRNAi) to knockdown expression of insulin signaling components including Insulin receptor (InR), Insulin receptor substrate (chico), Phosphatase and tensin homologue (Pten), Target of rapamycin (Tor), RPS6-p70-protein kinase (S6k), Forkhead box O (FoxO) and Epidermal growth factor receptor (Egfr) and observed the effects on body size in the Gryllus bimaculatus cricket. (elsevier.com)
The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is an important determinant of radioresponse, whose elevated expression and activity frequently correlates with radioresistance in several cancers, including non-small cell lung carcinoma (NSCLC). (elsevier.com)
In three representative NSCLC cell lines, we show that, unlike wild-type (WT) EGFR, receptors with common oncogenic TKD mutations, L858R or ΔE746-E750, are defective in radiation-induced translocation to the nucleus and fail to bind the catalytic and regulatory subunits of the DNA-dependent protein kinase (DNA-PK), a key enzyme in the nonhomologous end-joining repair pathway. (elsevier.com)
The main purpose of this study is to evaluate the safety, tolerability, and pharmacokinetics (PK) of Lazertinib when given orally to participants with epidermal growth factor receptor single activating mutation positive ( EGFR m+) locally advanced or metastatic Non Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC). (survivornet.com)
Lazertinib is an oral, highly potent, mutant-selective and irreversible epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) Tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKIs) targets both the T790M mutation and activating EGFR mutations while sparing wild type-EGFR. (survivornet.com)
The EGFR gene provides instructions for making a receptor protein called the epidermal growth factor receptor, which spans the cell membrane so that one end of the protein remains inside the cell and the other end projects from the outer surface of the cell. (medlineplus.gov)
Lung cancers with EGFR gene mutations tend to respond to treatments that specifically target the overactive epidermal growth factor receptor protein that allows cancer cells to constantly grow and divide. (medlineplus.gov)
The EGFR family: not so prototypical receptor tyrosine kinases. (medlineplus.gov)
Preparation and characterization of humanized nanobodies targeting the dimer interface of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). (bvsalud.org)
Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) is an effective target for the treatment of many epithelial cancers . (bvsalud.org)
Purified EGFR dimer Nb77 could specifically bind to the surface of EGFR-overexpressing A431â ¯ cells in a dose -dependent and ligand -dependent manner, and this nanobody could effectively inhibit the growth of the tumour cells , with an inhibition rate similar to that of the monoclonal antibody EGFR dimer 5G9, which also targets the dimer interface of EGFR. (bvsalud.org)
5. Vinante F, Rigo A. H eparin-binding EGFR/diphtheria toxin receptor in normal and neoplastic hematopoiesis . (ajbm.net)
Namely, plakophilin-2 (PKP2) associates with the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and enhances its ligand-dependent and ligand-independent activity. (harvard.edu)
Epidermal growth factor receptor- tyrosine kinase inhibitor (EGFR-TKI) is an effective treatment for advanced nonsmall-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and has been reported as a potent radiation sensitizer. (lww.com)
No risk factor for the development of RRP was identified except that patients in whom EGFR-TKI was initiated within 90 days after the completion of radiotherapy had significantly higher rates of RRP than those of patients who began receiving EGFR-TKI treatment after 90 days (21% vs. 2.1%, p = 0.005). (lww.com)
Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) phosphorylation and activation has been identified as one important mediator of inflammatory cytokine release from these cells. (cdc.gov)
Meningiomas also frequently have extra copies of the platelet-derived growth factor (PDFGR) and epidermal growth factor receptors (EGFR), which may contribute to the growth of these tumors. (abta.org)
It blocks a protein called epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). (hpgeneric.com)
Gefitinib acts by inhibiting epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) signal transduction pathways. (hpgeneric.com)
Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) being the most promising marker has potentially offered new methods to prognosticate and plays an essential role in early diagnosis and treatment apart from tumor, node and metastasis staging which has been used till now. (jomfp.in)
Therefore, this study has been undertaken to evaluate the expression of EGFR in HNSCC cases, according to the new scoring system and find its association with various pathological prognostic factors. (jomfp.in)
High EGFR expression suggests uncontrolled growth which depicts that EGFR upregulation may be an early event during HNSCC carcinogenesis. (jomfp.in)
The T790M secondary mutation of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) gene accounts for 50% to 60% of cases of resistance to the first-generation EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) gefitinib and erlotinib. (oncotarget.com)
Immunohistochemical expression of p63, epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and notch-1 in radicular cysts, dentigerous cysts and keratocystic odontogenic tumors. (bvsalud.org)
Acquired T790M mutation is the commonest cause of resistance for advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mutant patients who had progressed after first line EGFR TKI (tyrosine kinase inhibitor). (femtopath.com)
Moreover, it is now well appreciated that many of the same driver mutations found in tumors, such as mutated epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) are often found in people who will never go on to develop lung cancer. (themarkfoundation.org)
In this ASPIRE award, Charles Swanton and his team will test the hypothesis that while oncogenic EGFR mutations can and do occur in normal tissue, they are not sufficient for cancer growth alone. (themarkfoundation.org)

Ninety cases of hormone receptor (HR)+/HER2+ tumors and 78 cases of HR-/HER2+ tumors were included. (e-crt.org)
In a male breast cancer series, 99% of the tumors were estrogen receptor positive, 82% were progesterone receptor positive, 9% were HER2 positive, and 0.3% were triple negative. (cancer.gov)
We provide an overview of the powerful capability of liquid biopsy techniques applied to blood and fluid and we focus on the technological advancement of circulant biomolecular factors in OM NSCLC pathology, starting from apparently simpler models such as oncogene addicted tumors to evaluate themselves in the light of treatment with immune-checkpoint inhibitors. (medscape.com)
Since the first observations on growth and the metastatic spreading of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), it has been clear that some tumors remained confined and indolent in few organs for a long time. (medscape.com)
Since not all tumors show coexpression to the same extent, other factors must be involved in the activation of this pathway as well. (ru.nl)
This essential process occurs universally in solid tumors secondary to expansion of the cancer mass and subsequent growth away from the existing blood supply. (jnccn.org)
Aside from its anticoagulant action, heparin binds to various growth factors, cytokines, and extracellular proteins and consequently is able to affect migration of cancer cells and angiogenesis in tumors. (hindawi.com)

Study aimed to characterise treatment and outcomes for patients with hormone receptor positive (HR+), human epidermal growth factor 2 negative (HER2-) metastatic breast cancer (MBC) within a large regional cancer centre, as a benchmark for evaluating real-world impact of novel therapies. (biomedcentral.com)
Here,we evaluated TILs and MxA expression in human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-positive breast cancers. (e-crt.org)
The prognostic significance of TILs has been determined in breast cancers, particularly human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-positive breast cancers and triple-negative breast cancers [ 1 ]. (e-crt.org)
In the adjuvant setting, a high level of TILs is associated with better response to trastuzumab, and an abundant number of TILs is an independent prognostic factor in HER2-positive breast cancer [ 3 ]. (e-crt.org)
Overexpression of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) in breast and gastric cancer is associated with poor prognosis. (jmgims.co.in)
Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2), a member of epidermal growth factor receptor family, is a transmembrane receptor tyrosine kinase. (jmgims.co.in)
If the presence of tumor is confirmed, estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor, and human epidermal growth factor type 2 (HER2) expression/amplification should be evaluated. (cancer.gov)
Tumor size, lymph node involvement, and grade are anatomical prognostic factors, while estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor, and HER2 status are predictive of response to therapy. (cancer.gov)
Epidermal growth factor receptor or HER2 deregulation has been observed in brain metastatic tissue but had not been observed in primary lung carcinoma. (elsevier.com)
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: To review the most recent developments in the treatment of human epidermal growth factor receptor type 2 (HER2)-positive breast cancer with novel HER2-targeting agents and combinations that have significantly improved clinical outcomes. (wustl.edu)
The HER2 receptor pathway drives breast cancer growth and aggressiveness, and HER2-targeted agents can improve survival in early and advanced disease. (wustl.edu)
As part of the collaboration, the two companies will evaluate the combination of Syndax's entinostat, an oral, small molecule, class I HDAC inhibitor, and Genentech's programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) blocking antibody, atezolizumab (TECENTRIQ), in patients with second-line hormone receptor positive, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 negative (HR+, HER2-) metastatic breast cancer. (contractpharma.com)
Hormone receptor-positive (HR+) human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-negative (HER2-) endocrine-resistant metastatic breast cancer is treated with sequential single-agent chemotherapy with poor outcomes. (medscape.com)
In HER2-positive breast cancer, increased quantities of a protein known as HER2 that promotes cell growth are present on the surface of the tumour cells. (bigagainstbreastcancer.org)
Most breast cancer targeted therapies use the clinically available drug, Herceptin, which targets the human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) present on common breast cancer tumour cells. (edu.au)
Adding Kisqali to Femara as a first treatment for advanced-stage hormone-receptor-positive HER2-negative breast cancer in postmenopausal women improved overall survival by more than 1 year. (vsyl.net)
Adding the targeted therapy Kisqali (chemical name: ribociclib) to the hormonal therapy Femara (chemical name: letrozole) as a first treatment for advanced-stage hormone-receptor-positive HER2-negative breast cancer in postmenopausal women improved overall survival by more than 1 year, according to the latest results from the MONALEESA-2 study. (vsyl.net)
Kisqali is used in combination with an aromatase inhibitor, a type of hormonal therapy, to treat advanced-stage or metastatic hormone-receptor-positive HER2-negative breast cancer that hasn't been treated with hormonal therapy yet in premenopausal, perimenopausal, and postmenopausal women. (vsyl.net)
Kisqali also is used in combination with the hormonal therapy Faslodex (chemical name: fulvestrant) to treat advanced-stage or metastatic hormone-receptor-positive HER2-negative breast cancer that hasn't been treated with hormonal therapy yet or has grown while being treated with a different hormonal therapy in postmenopausal women. (vsyl.net)
The MONALEESA-2 study included 668 postmenopausal women diagnosed with advanced-stage hormone-receptor-positive HER2-negative breast cancer. (vsyl.net)
eISSN: 2288-5943Ultrasonography 2016;35:281-288 During the last 15 years, traditional breast cancer classifications based on histopathology have been reorganized into the luminal A, luminal B, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2), and basal-like subtypes based on gene expression profiling. (2medicalcare.com)
Chemotherapy in patients with hormone receptor-positive, HER2-negative advanced breast cancer. (medscape.com)
Phase I study of elacestrant (RAD1901), a novel selective estrogen receptor degrader, in ER-positive, HER2-negative advanced breast cancer. (medscape.com)

Tumor promoters block tyrosine-specific phosphorylation of the epidermal growth factor receptor. (uchicago.edu)
Friedman B, Frackelton AR, Ross AH, Connors JM, Fujiki H, Sugimura T, Rosner MR. Tumor promoters block tyrosine-specific phosphorylation of the epidermal growth factor receptor. (uchicago.edu)
Biphasic changes in airway epithelial cell EGF receptor binding and phosphorylation induced by components of hogbarn dust. (cdc.gov)

Most patients had positive estrogen and progesterone receptors. (who.int)
This narrative review provides an update on the impact of vitamin D on hormone receptors, notably estrogen receptor subunits, and gives insights on possible therapeutic interventions to overcome breast cancer. (qualitycounts.com)
This means that less estrogen is available to stimulate the growth of hormone-receptor-positive breast cancer cells. (vsyl.net)
In collaboration with the South African and Namibian national cancer registries, researchers at the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) have conducted the largest scale study to date to examine subtypes of breast cancer in Africa, defined by estrogen, progesterone and, uniquely, human epidermal growth factor-2 receptor status. (who.int)

Furthermore, EGFRvIII-transfected HNSCC cells showed decreased apoptosis in response to cisplatin and decreased growth inhibition following treatment with C225 compared with vector-transfected control cells. (duke.edu)
Epidermal growth factor receptor inhibition is an excellent target for the treating lung, colon, pancreatic and head and neck cancers. (baxkyardgardener.com)

This slide show highlights some of the cutaneous side effects related to the use of epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitors (EGFRI). (cancernetwork.com)
Clinical signs, pathophysiology and management of skin toxicity during therapy with epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitors. (cancernetwork.com)
Cetuximab-associated elongation of the eyelashes: case report and review of eyelash trichomegaly secondary to epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitors. (cancernetwork.com)
Skin toxicities associated with epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitors. (cancernetwork.com)
2006). Dermatologic side effects associated with the epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitors. (cancernetwork.com)
During tumor-associated angiogenesis, the balance of angiogenesis stimulators and inhibitors is tipped in favor of angiogenesis by hypoxia-inducible factor-1 gene expression [ 2 ]. (hindawi.com)

10. Goffin JR, Zbuk K. Epidermal growth factor receptor: pathway, therapies, and pipeline . (ajbm.net)
c-Src-dependent activation of the epidermal growth factor receptor and mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway by arsenic. (cdc.gov)
Curcumol inhibits breast cancer growth via NCL/ERα36 and the PI3K/AKT pathway - Food Funct 2022 Dec 20 - 'Breast cancer (BC) is the most common malignancy worldwide. (qualitycounts.com)
He presented the concepts of 'vertical growth factor pathway blockade' and 'horizontal pathway blockade' as being important approaches to targeting multiple signalling pathways. (biomedcentral.com)

Although the downstream mechanism of Notch signalling has been extensively studied, the details of its ligand-mediated receptor activation are not clearly understood. (iisc.ac.in)
Although the role of Notch ELRs EGF (epidermal growth factor)-like-repeats] 11-12 in ligand binding is known, recent studies have suggested interactions within different ELRs of the Notch receptor whose significance remains to be understood. (iisc.ac.in)
Furthermore, the antibodies against ELRs 21-30 inhibited ligand binding to the full-length Notch1 and subsequent receptor activation, with the antibodies against ELRs 25-26 being the most effective. (iisc.ac.in)
Thus, using specific antibodies against various domains of the Notch1 receptor, we demonstrate that, although ELRs 11-12 are the principal ligand-binding site, the ELRs 25-26 serve as a secondary binding site and play an important role in receptor activation. (iisc.ac.in)
The binding of a ligand to epidermal growth factor receptor allows the receptor to attach to another nearby epidermal growth factor receptor protein (dimerize), turning on (activating) the receptor complex. (medlineplus.gov)
These gene changes result in a receptor protein that is constantly turned on (constitutively activated), even when it is not bound to a ligand. (medlineplus.gov)
The new N-terminal peptide is a cryptic ligand for the receptor. (musc.edu)

An immunotoxin was made by conjugating a murine monoclonal antibody (B4G7) that recognizes the human epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor with gelonin, a ribosome-inactivating protein. (aacrjournals.org)
A phase I trial was conducted to evaluate the safety, tumour and normal tissue localization, pharmacokinetics and radiation dosimetry of Tc-hR3, a humanized monoclonal antibody directed towards the epidermal growth factor receptor, in 12 patients with recurrent or metastatic epithelial malignancies. (ox.ac.uk)
12. Su X, Lacouture ME, Jia Y, Wu S. Risk of high-grade skin rash in cancer patients treated with cetuximab-an antibody against epidermal growth factor receptor: systemic review and meta-analysis . (ajbm.net)

Genome-wide approaches to epidermal function include short interfering RNA-based genetic screens in cultured human epidermal cells 8 and RNA interference-mediated gene knockdown via in utero microinjection of lentiviral vectors 9 . (nature.com)
Asbestos induces nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kappa B) DNA-binding activity and NF-kappa B-dependent gene expression in tracheal epithelial cells. (cdc.gov)

On discovering new evidence about oestrogen receptor-1 (ESR1) mutations inducing resistance to AIs, the trial was amended to include cohort 2 (C2), in which patients were randomised 1:1 between palbociclib plus fulvestrant and capecitabine. (icr.ac.uk)
This may be partly explained by exposure to air pollution, another risk factor for lung cancer, but recent studies have failed to detect signatures of pollution-induced mutations in non-smokers with lung cancer. (themarkfoundation.org)
The team posits that tissue and cells with such mutations must also be triggered in some way by carcinogenic environmental factors to promote remodeling of the cellular microenvironment which activates tumor formation. (themarkfoundation.org)

Additionally, a high level of TILs was a prognostic factor for breast cancer, whereas the level of MxA expression had no prognostic value. (e-crt.org)
Cancer is characterized by uncontrolled growth and division of a cell, with extension beyond the normally limiting basement membrane and through the boundaries of normal cells. (medscape.com)
6] These events lead the cancer cell to escape normal cell growth and control mechanisms, to avoid system control mechanisms (ie, immunologic surveillance), and to establish a nutrient supply. (medscape.com)
Among the risk factors for the development of head and neck cancer are alcohol and tobacco abuse, viral infection, and sun exposure. (medscape.com)
16 ] Breast cancer in men is almost always hormone receptor positive. (cancer.gov)
Additional genetic, environmental, and lifestyle factors contribute to a person's cancer risk. (medlineplus.gov)
It would be a valuable resource for cardiologists, oncologists, internists, and pediatricians caring for patients with cancer who have cardiovascular risk factors, as well as for cardio-oncology researchers. (elsevier.com)
Palbociclib in combination with endocrine therapy versus capecitabine in hormonal receptor-positive, human epidermal growth factor 2-negative, aromatase inhibitor-resistant metastatic breast cancer: a phase III randomised controlled trial-PEARL. (icr.ac.uk)
Background Palbociclib plus endocrine therapy (ET) is the standard treatment for hormone receptor-positive and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-negative, metastatic breast cancer (MBC). (icr.ac.uk)
Demographic and pathology characteristics, cancer stage at diagnosis and presence of receptors were extracted and ana- lysed. (who.int)
Breast cancer is the most frequent cancer among wom- but not in limited-resource settings with weak health en worldwide, affecting 2.1 million women annually and systems (4) . (who.int)
evaluation of the effectiveness of screening campaigns, Implementation of screening programmes in high- particularly as the stage of cancer at presentation is one income countries was followed by a decrease in advanced of the most important prognostic factors of survival (10) . (who.int)
This article focuses on the use of targeted therapies in cervical cancer, specifically evaluating antiangiogenesis and endothelial growth factor receptor-related treatments. (jnccn.org)
As with all types aims to regroup all the available information on GC of cancer, GC presents at specific metastasis sites, with in this region, discuss the clinicopathological and liver, peritoneal surface and distant lymph nodes being epidemiological factors and compare them with data the most frequent ( 2,5 ). (who.int)
Demographic and pathology characteristics, cancer stage at diagnosis and presence of receptors were extracted and analysed. (who.int)
This gap in knowledge prevents a precise evaluation of the effectiveness of screening campaigns, particularly as the stage of cancer at presentation is one of the most important prognostic factors of survival (10). (who.int)
Thus, the International Agency for Research against Cancer has acknowledged HPV as a risk factor for OSCC, in addition to smoking and alcohol consumption. (cdc.gov)
HPV infection, with dominance of HPV16 infection, has therefore been acknowledged by the International Agency for Research against Cancer as a risk factor for OSCC ( 10 ). (cdc.gov)
Guidelines provided by groups such as the American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO), the National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN), and the European Society of Medical Oncology (ESMO) recommend the use of clinical and pathological factors, including results of genomic tests, to establish patient risk of breast cancer recurrence and to guide treatment. (rgare.com)
Predicts risk for postmenopausal women of distant recurrence of early-stage hormone receptor positive breast cancer with up to three positive lymph nodes within 10 years of diagnosis and after five years of hormone therapy. (rgare.com)
Breast cancer survival rates have increased, and the number of deaths associated with this disease is steadily declining, largely due to factors such as earlier detection, a new personalized approach to treatment and a better understanding of the disease. (middlesexhealth.org)
Researchers have identified hormonal, lifestyle and environmental factors that may increase your risk of breast cancer. (middlesexhealth.org)
But it's not clear why some people who have no risk factors develop cancer, yet other people with risk factors never do. (middlesexhealth.org)
A breast cancer risk factor is anything that makes it more likely you'll get breast cancer. (middlesexhealth.org)
But having one or even several breast cancer risk factors doesn't necessarily mean you'll develop breast cancer. (middlesexhealth.org)
Many women who develop breast cancer have no known risk factors other than simply being women. (middlesexhealth.org)
This protein is involved in growth and spread of the cancer cells. (hpgeneric.com)
This presentation will review the incidence, assessment strategies, and treatment strategies for epidermal growth factor receptor positive non-small cell lung cancer. (advocateaurorahealth.org)
Vitamin D: an essential adjuvant therapeutic agent in breast cancer - J Int Med Res 2022 Jul - 'Low serum levels of vitamin D have been reported as a risk factor for breast cancer. (qualitycounts.com)
Several studies have observed a possible modulatory effect of vitamin D or its analogues on the expression of different hormone receptors in breast cancer and increased sensitivity to tamoxifen. (qualitycounts.com)
Uneétude descriptive, transversale portant sur les patientes traitées en radiothérapie à l'Hôpital Général de Douala pour cancer du col de l'utérus a été réalisée d'octobre 2020 à janvier 2021.Résultats. (bvsalud.org)
Despite methodological differences, findings evidence that although IBC presents particular features (lower survival rate and worse prognostics than most types of breast cancer), very few studies examine its epidemiology and specific risk factors in depth and use any other therapeutic approaches than those commonly used for other breast cancer subtypes. (bvsalud.org)
However, this receptor is not present on the surface of the triple negative cancer tumour cells. (edu.au)
Since 2011, the St. Gallen an immunomodulatory (IM) subtype, a mesenchymal (M) subtype, a International Expert Consensus panel has used the subtype-based mesenchymal stem-like subtype, and a luminal androgen receptor recommendation for systemic therapies for breast cancer. (2medicalcare.com)
Although smoking is a major risk factor in developing lung cancer, in people who have never smoked, lung cancer is still the 7 th most prevalent cancer worldwide. (themarkfoundation.org)
These results complicate the model that chemical carcinogens cause cancer solely by mutating cancer-driving genes, and suggest that they may have other effects which promote tumor formation and growth. (themarkfoundation.org)
Understanding how environmental factors can trigger cancer in the absence of a mutagenic signature may provide alternative therapeutic approaches and novel risk factors for cancer prevention, diagnosis, and treatments. (themarkfoundation.org)
Fulvestrant 500 mg versus anastrozole 1 mg for hormone receptor-positive advanced breast cancer (FALCON): an international, randomised, double-blind, phase 3 trial. (medscape.com)
Phase III randomized study of ribociclib and fulvestrant in hormone receptor-positive, human epidermal growth factor 2-negative advanced breast cancer: MONALEESA-3. (medscape.com)
Everolimus in postmenopausal hormone-receptor-positive advanced breast cancer. (medscape.com)
The effect of abemaciclib plus fulvestrant on overall survival in hormone receptor positive, ERBB2-negative breast cancer that progressed on endocrine therapy- MONARCH 2: a randomized clinical trial. (medscape.com)
Alpelisib for PIK3CA-mutated, hormone receptor-positive advanced breast cancer. (medscape.com)
The study included more than 12 000 histologically confirmed breast cancer patients and benefited from multiracial populations as well as routine at-diagnosis receptor determination. (who.int)
Racial comparison of receptor-defined breast cancer in Southern African women: subtype prevalence and age-incidence analysis of nationwide cancer registry data. (who.int)

PubMed MEDLINE and Cochrane Library databases, factors are less detailed, although some genetic profiles, retrieving all the articles published from December 1971 such as the E-cadherin, IL-1B , mutation, are known to to March 2022. (who.int)

The spectrum of treatments extends from systemic therapies to local treatments, such as radiotherapy and intravitreal injection of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor. (researchsquare.com)

In Drosophila melanogaster, the insulin/insulin-like growth factor (I/IGF) and target of rapamycin (TOR) signaling pathways play important roles in this process. (elsevier.com)

EGF R is a transmembrane receptor consisting of a large extracellular region, a single transmembrane domain and an intracellular region. (bio-rad-antibodies.com)

He reviewed the mechanisms of action of oestrogen through the oestrogen receptor (ER) and the complexity of these interactions. (biomedcentral.com)

Of the 50 mutants with an epidermal phenotype, 9 map to human genetic conditions with skin abnormalities. (nature.com)
2011) Purinergic P2Y2 receptors mediate rapid Ca2+ mobilization, membrane hyperpolarization and nitric oxide production in human vascular endothelial cells. (jenabioscience.com)
1995) Cloning, expression, and chromosomal localization of human uridine nucleotide receptors. (jenabioscience.com)
In particular, trials with AIs and epidermal growth factor receptor/HER-2 (human epidermal growth factor-2) targeted therapy appear to offer substantial potential for progress. (biomedcentral.com)
Ductal Carcinoma of no special type (IDC-NST) in the left breast, hormone receptors and HER-2 (human epidermal growth factor receptor-type 2) negative, Ki67 60%, clinical stage IA. (bvsalud.org)

The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGF R), also known ERBB1 or HER1, is the most extensively studied receptor tyrosine kinase with approximately 70,000 publications. (bio-rad-antibodies.com)
HER1 in humans) is the cell-surface receptor for members of the epidermal growth factor family (EGF-family) of extracellular protein ligands. (ajbm.net)

While growth factor-driven dimerization of receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) is a simple and intuitive mechanism of activating RTKs, K.-I. Arimoto et al. (harvard.edu)

This study was performed to determine if bFGF and its receptor are expressed in pterygia tissues. (elsevier.com)

Indeed, among clinical factors, metachronous versus synchronous metastases, N-stage, and adenocarcinoma histology may stratify the risk of progressive disease and death. (medscape.com)

abstract = "Cell motility is induced by many growth factors acting through cognate receptors with intrinsic tyrosine kinase activity (RPTK). (elsevier.com)

The present study was performed to investigate the effect of N-desulfated heparin on basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) expression, tumor angiogenesis and metastasis of gastric carcinoma. (hindawi.com)
Recent studies have showed that angiogenesis plays a crucial role in tumor growth and metastasis. (hindawi.com)

Slide 3: Scalp alopecia--Patients on EGFRIs can develop either increased or decreased hair growth, depending on the anatomic site evaluated. (cancernetwork.com)
Slide 5: Facial hypertrichosis--Patients on EGFRIs can develop either increased or decreased hair growth, depending on the anatomic site evaluated. (cancernetwork.com)
Pathologic assessment of depth of invasion and lymph node status are the primary prognostic factors in these patients. (nih.gov)
Future studies to determine the sensitivity and specificity of imaging with Tc-hR3 in a larger group of patients with pre-selection for epidermal growth factor receptor positivity are planned. (ox.ac.uk)
The detection of increased amounts of the extracellular domain of the epidermal growth factor receptor in serum during carcinogenesis in asbestos is patients. (cdc.gov)
Il s'agit d'une étude transversale, monocentrique et descriptive, durant 12 mois, incluant les patients âgés d'au moins 18 ans admis en réanimation polyvalente pour un sepsis ou choc septique. (bvsalud.org)

Epidemiological elements were collect- ed, especially tumour attributes, risk factors and population characteristics, in addition to some therapeutic strategies. (who.int)

As a result, signaling pathways within the cell are triggered that promote cell growth and division (proliferation) and cell survival. (medlineplus.gov)

2009). Increased risk of high-grade dermatologic toxicities with radiation plus epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitor therapy. (cancernetwork.com)

2009). A case report of inflammatory nonscarring alopecia associated with the epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitor erlotinib. (cancernetwork.com)

Its principal role is to supply the retina and part of the optic nerve with oxygen and nutrients, thereby forming a vascular avenue to the sequestered tumor and a favorable environment for tumor growth. (researchsquare.com)
Angiogenesis is essential for tumor growth beyond a few millimeters in diameter because of the tumor's requirement for a network of blood vessels to deliver oxygen and nutrients and to remove waste products of metabolism. (hindawi.com)
The most described genetic alteration is the loss of chromosome 22, normally involved in suppressing tumor growth. (abta.org)

The conjugate was tested in nude mice and shown to be capable of suppressing the growth of an EGF receptor-hyperproducing squamous carcinoma cell (A431) solid tumor. (aacrjournals.org)

Cetuximab is an epidermal growth factor receptor binding FAB. (supplierlist.com)

This positioning allows the receptor to attach (bind) to other proteins, called ligands, outside the cell and to receive signals that help the cell respond to its environment. (medlineplus.gov)
A family of proteins that are related to epidermal growth factor. (bvsalud.org)
This consensus sequence is commonly referred to EGF motif and is considered essential for binding of the proteins to ERB RECEPTORS. (bvsalud.org)

The EGF-R results suggest that transforming growth factor-α or epidermal growth factor could also contribute to the epithelial cell proliferation in pterygia. (elsevier.com)
2011) Distinct activation of epidermal growth factor receptor by UTP contributes to epithelial cell wound repair. (jenabioscience.com)

AIMS: The involvement of various growth factors, growth factor receptors and proliferative markers in the molecular pathogenesis of astrocytic neoplasms are being studied extensively. (who.int)

Drugs used in chemotherapy, such as doxorubicin hydrochloride, cyclophosphamide, paclitaxel, and carboplatin, work in different ways to stop the growth of tumor cells, either by killing the cells, by stopping them from dividing, or by stopping them from spreading. (clinicaltrialsgps.com)

Pheochromocytoma cells (clone PC12) have specific plasmamembrane receptors for both epidermal growth factor (EGF) and nerve growth factor (NGF). (uu.nl)
EGF-receptor interaction in PC12 cells was characterized biochemically by ¹²⁵I-EGF binding studies. (uu.nl)
This B4G7-gelonin conjugate was shown to be specifically cytotoxic for EGF receptor-hyperproducing cells. (aacrjournals.org)
These findings suggest that bFGF may contribute to the cellular proliferation in pterygia and mast cells are a source of this growth factor. (elsevier.com)
By blocking these signals, it inhibits the growth and multiplication of the cells. (hpgeneric.com)

Development Growth and Differentiation , 53 (7), 857-869. (elsevier.com)

Plasma kallikrein promotes epidermal growth factor receptor transactivation and signaling in vascular smooth muscle through direct activation of protease-activated receptors. (musc.edu)

Basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) is a potent mitogenic peptide for a variety of cell types. (elsevier.com)
Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF-2) are the main factors promoting angiogenesis [ 7 , 8 ]. (hindawi.com)

However, most of the links between receptor activation and the biophysical processes of cell motility remain undeciphered. (elsevier.com)
We postulate that for any given growth factor some of the pathways/processes will be actively signaled and rate-limiting, while others will be permissive due to background low-level activation. (elsevier.com)
Plakophilin-2 promotes activation of epidermal growth factor receptor. (harvard.edu)
The mechanisms of resistance were considered in terms of inherent hormone insensitivity, nonendocrine growth signalling, ER activation/hypersensitivity and inefficient/compromised therapy. (biomedcentral.com)

However, MxA was not a prognostic factor. (e-crt.org)
[ 4 ] In clinical practice, genotyping to identify oligometastatic-NSCLC (OM-NSCLC) is not feasible, and the diagnosis of a clinical oligometastatic status per se is a prognostic factor. (medscape.com)

Epidermal growth factor receptor binds to at least seven different ligands. (medlineplus.gov)

The complexity of this malignancy has evolved, with environmental and genetic factors and treatment strategies being more studied. (who.int)
The field of pharmacogenetics/genomics addresses the genetic factors of the host and has the goal of identifying the right drug at the right dose for the right patient. (biomedcentral.com)

We optimize immunolabelling of tail epidermal wholemounts to allow systematic annotation of hair follicle, sebaceous gland and interfollicular epidermal abnormalities using ontology terms from the Mammalian Phenotype Ontology. (nature.com)

Ligands and receptors fit together like keys into locks. (medlineplus.gov)

Anatomy22

Organisms7

Diseases18

Chemicals and Drugs126

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment32

Phenomena and Processes51

Disciplines and Occupations1

Information Science3

Health Care1

Immune responses to all ErbB family receptors detectable in serum of cancer patients. (1/11134)

Growth inhibition of breast cancer cells by Grb2 downregulation is correlated with inactivation of mitogen-activated protein kinase in EGFR, but not in ErbB2, cells. (2/11134)

The Gab1 PH domain is required for localization of Gab1 at sites of cell-cell contact and epithelial morphogenesis downstream from the met receptor tyrosine kinase. (3/11134)

Differential expression and translocation of protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B-related proteins in ME-180 tumor cells expressing apoptotic sensitivity and resistance to tumor necrosis factor: potential interaction with epidermal growth factor receptor. (4/11134)

An intramembrane modulator of the ErbB2 receptor tyrosine kinase that potentiates neuregulin signaling. (5/11134)

Transforming growth factor-alpha acting at the epidermal growth factor receptor reduces infarct volume after permanent middle cerebral artery occlusion in rats. (6/11134)

Elevation of the epidermal growth factor receptor and dependent signaling in human papillomavirus-infected laryngeal papillomas. (7/11134)

Anti-epidermal growth factor receptor antibody C225 inhibits angiogenesis in human transitional cell carcinoma growing orthotopically in nude mice. (8/11134)

Epidermal Growth Factor

Receptor, Epidermal Growth Factor

Transforming Growth Factor alpha

Quinazolines

Transforming Growth Factors

Signal Transduction

Phosphorylation

Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A

Growth Substances

Fibroblast Growth Factor 2

Receptor, erbB-2

Platelet-Derived Growth Factor

Transforming Growth Factor beta

Cell Division

Cell Line

Cells, Cultured

Fibroblast Growth Factors

Insulin-Like Growth Factor I

Tyrphostins

Cell Line, Tumor

Hepatocyte Growth Factor

Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins

RNA, Messenger

Nerve Growth Factors

Endothelial Growth Factors

Tumor Cells, Cultured

Protein-Tyrosine Kinases

Protein Kinase Inhibitors

Antineoplastic Agents

Immunohistochemistry

Enzyme Activation

Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors

Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized

Breast Neoplasms

Molecular Sequence Data

Lung Neoplasms

Genes, erbB-1

Cell Proliferation

Tyrosine

Receptors, Growth Factor

Antibodies, Monoclonal

Nerve Growth Factor

Transfection

Receptors, Platelet-Derived Growth Factor

Blotting, Western

Mutation

Receptors, Cell Surface

Proto-Oncogene Proteins

Receptors, Fibroblast Growth Factor

Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases

Receptor, erbB-3

Mice, Nude

Amino Acid Sequence

Carcinoma, Squamous Cell

Fibroblasts

Transforming Growth Factor beta1

Kinetics

Receptor Protein-Tyrosine Kinases

Recombinant Proteins

Fibroblast Growth Factor 1

Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases

Enzyme Inhibitors

Insulin-Like Growth Factor II

Dose-Response Relationship, Drug

Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt

3T3 Cells

Protein Binding

Cell Movement

MAP Kinase Signaling System

Phosphotyrosine

Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung

Receptors, Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor

Fibroblast Growth Factor 7

Base Sequence

Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 3

Epithelial Cells

Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic

Down-Regulation

Extracellular Signal-Regulated MAP Kinases

Ligands