AnatomyOrganismsDiseasesChemicals and DrugsAnalytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and EquipmentPsychiatry and PsychologyPhenomena and ProcessesDisciplines and OccupationsHealth Care
Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB1Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB2Receptors, CannabinoidCannabinoidsCannabinoid Receptor ModulatorsPyrazolesCannabinoid Receptor AgonistsDronabinolEndocannabinoidsPiperidinesCyclohexanolsBenzoxazinesPolyunsaturated AlkamidesCannabinoid Receptor AntagonistsNaphthalenesReceptors, DrugArachidonic AcidsMorpholinesGlyceridesBornanesCannabidiolDrug Inverse AgonismAmidohydrolasesCannabinolMonoacylglycerol LipasesCannabisAnalgesicsDose-Response Relationship, DrugRats, Sprague-DawleyHallucinogensCroton OilCarbamatesBehavior, AnimalTRPV Cation ChannelsSelf AdministrationGuanosine 5'-O-(3-Thiotriphosphate)PyransRats, WistarIndolesAnalgesics, Non-NarcoticCapsaicinCatalepsyMice, Inbred C57BLLigandsConditioning, OperantMice, KnockoutAnisolesMice, Inbred ICRNeuronsBrainHyperalgesiaReceptors, Opioid, muHeroinHypothermiaPeriaqueductal GrayRadioligand AssayDrug ToleranceInjections, IntraperitonealPsychotropic DrugsPainHippocampusSynaptic TransmissionMotor ActivityAlkanesulfonatesCorpus StriatumGastrointestinal MotilityEthanolaminesCalcium Channel BlockersDrug InteractionsCHO CellsPyrrolidinonesSubstance Withdrawal SyndromeSignal TransductionReinforcement (Psychology)Disease Models, AnimalNucleus AccumbensPalmitic AcidsEnkephalin, Ala(2)-MePhe(4)-Gly(5)-CocaineRewardEatingReceptors, PresynapticNeuralgiaAdenosine A2 Receptor AntagonistsPain MeasurementReceptor, Adenosine A2APain ThresholdAmygdalagamma-Aminobutyric AcidInhibitory Postsynaptic PotentialsMorphineCricetinaeTime FactorsElectric StimulationAnalysis of VarianceFeeding BehaviorReceptors, G-Protein-CoupledBenzamidesReinforcement ScheduleCricetulus
Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB1
A subclass of cannabinoid receptor found primarily on central and peripheral NEURONS where it may play a role modulating NEUROTRANSMITTER release.
Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB2
A subclass of cannabinoid receptor found primarily on immune cells where it may play a role modulating release of CYTOKINES.
Receptors, Cannabinoid
A class of G-protein-coupled receptors that are specific for CANNABINOIDS such as those derived from CANNABIS. They also bind a structurally distinct class of endogenous factors referred to as ENDOCANNABINOIDS. The receptor class may play a role in modulating the release of signaling molecules such as NEUROTRANSMITTERS and CYTOKINES.
Cannabinoids
Compounds having the cannabinoid structure. They were originally extracted from Cannabis sativa L. The most pharmacologically active constituents are TETRAHYDROCANNABINOL; CANNABINOL; and CANNABIDIOL.
Cannabinoid Receptor Modulators
Compounds that interact with and modulate the activity of CANNABINOID RECEPTORS.
Pyrazoles
Azoles of two nitrogens at the 1,2 positions, next to each other, in contrast with IMIDAZOLES in which they are at the 1,3 positions.
Cannabinoid Receptor Agonists
Compounds that interact with and stimulate the activity of CANNABINOID RECEPTORS.
Dronabinol
A psychoactive compound extracted from the resin of Cannabis sativa (marihuana, hashish). The isomer delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) is considered the most active form, producing characteristic mood and perceptual changes associated with this compound.
Endocannabinoids
Fatty acid derivatives that have specificity for CANNABINOID RECEPTORS. They are structurally distinct from CANNABINOIDS and were originally discovered as a group of endogenous CANNABINOID RECEPTOR AGONISTS.
Piperidines
A family of hexahydropyridines.
Cyclohexanols
Monohydroxy derivatives of cyclohexanes that contain the general formula R-C6H11O. They have a camphorlike odor and are used in making soaps, insecticides, germicides, dry cleaning, and plasticizers.
Benzoxazines
OXAZINES with a fused BENZENE ring.
Polyunsaturated Alkamides
Amides composed of unsaturated aliphatic FATTY ACIDS linked with AMINES by an amide bond. They are most prominent in ASTERACEAE; PIPERACEAE; and RUTACEAE; and also found in ARISTOLOCHIACEAE; BRASSICACEAE; CONVOLVULACEAE; EUPHORBIACEAE; MENISPERMACEAE; POACEAE; and SOLANACEAE. They are recognized by their pungent taste and for causing numbing and salivation.
Cannabinoid Receptor Antagonists
Compounds that inhibit or block the activity of CANNABINOID RECEPTORS.
Naphthalenes
Two-ring crystalline hydrocarbons isolated from coal tar. They are used as intermediates in chemical synthesis, as insect repellents, fungicides, lubricants, preservatives, and, formerly, as topical antiseptics.
Receptors, Drug
Proteins that bind specific drugs with high affinity and trigger intracellular changes influencing the behavior of cells. Drug receptors are generally thought to be receptors for some endogenous substance not otherwise specified.
Arachidonic Acids
Morpholines
Glycerides
GLYCEROL esterified with FATTY ACIDS.
Bornanes
Cannabidiol
Compound isolated from Cannabis sativa extract.
Drug Inverse Agonism
Phenomena and pharmaceutics of compounds that bind to the same receptor binding-site as an agonist (DRUG AGONISM) for that receptor but exerts the opposite pharmacological effect.
Amidohydrolases
Cannabinol
A physiologically inactive constituent of Cannabis sativa L.
Monoacylglycerol Lipases
An enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of glycerol monoesters of long-chain fatty acids EC 3.1.1.23.
Cannabis
The plant genus in the Cannabaceae plant family, Urticales order, Hamamelidae subclass. The flowering tops are called many slang terms including pot, marijuana, hashish, bhang, and ganja. The stem is an important source of hemp fiber.
Analgesics
Compounds capable of relieving pain without the loss of CONSCIOUSNESS.
Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
The relationship between the dose of an administered drug and the response of the organism to the drug.
Rats, Sprague-Dawley
A strain of albino rat used widely for experimental purposes because of its calmness and ease of handling. It was developed by the Sprague-Dawley Animal Company.
Hallucinogens
Drugs capable of inducing illusions, hallucinations, delusions, paranoid ideations, and other alterations of mood and thinking. Despite the name, the feature that distinguishes these agents from other classes of drugs is their capacity to induce states of altered perception, thought, and feeling that are not experienced otherwise.
Croton Oil
Viscous, nauseating oil obtained from the shrub Croton tiglium (Euphorbaceae). It is a vesicant and skin irritant used as pharmacologic standard for skin inflammation and allergy and causes skin cancer. It was formerly used as an emetic and cathartic with frequent mortality.
Carbamates
Derivatives of carbamic acid, H2NC(=O)OH. Included under this heading are N-substituted and O-substituted carbamic acids. In general carbamate esters are referred to as urethanes, and polymers that include repeating units of carbamate are referred to as POLYURETHANES. Note however that polyurethanes are derived from the polymerization of ISOCYANATES and the singular term URETHANE refers to the ethyl ester of carbamic acid.
Behavior, Animal
The observable response an animal makes to any situation.
TRPV Cation Channels
A subgroup of TRP cation channels named after vanilloid receptor. They are very sensitive to TEMPERATURE and hot spicy food and CAPSAICIN. They have the TRP domain and ANKYRIN repeats. Selectivity for CALCIUM over SODIUM ranges from 3 to 100 fold.
Self Administration
Administration of a drug or chemical by the individual under the direction of a physician. It includes administration clinically or experimentally, by human or animal.
Guanosine 5'-O-(3-Thiotriphosphate)
Guanosine 5'-(trihydrogen diphosphate), monoanhydride with phosphorothioic acid. A stable GTP analog which enjoys a variety of physiological actions such as stimulation of guanine nucleotide-binding proteins, phosphoinositide hydrolysis, cyclic AMP accumulation, and activation of specific proto-oncogenes.
Pyrans
Rats, Wistar
A strain of albino rat developed at the Wistar Institute that has spread widely at other institutions. This has markedly diluted the original strain.
Indoles
Benzopyrroles with the nitrogen at the number one carbon adjacent to the benzyl portion, in contrast to ISOINDOLES which have the nitrogen away from the six-membered ring.
Analgesics, Non-Narcotic
A subclass of analgesic agents that typically do not bind to OPIOID RECEPTORS and are not addictive. Many non-narcotic analgesics are offered as NONPRESCRIPTION DRUGS.
Capsaicin
An alkylamide found in CAPSICUM that acts at TRPV CATION CHANNELS.
Catalepsy
A condition characterized by inactivity, decreased responsiveness to stimuli, and a tendency to maintain an immobile posture. The limbs tend to remain in whatever position they are placed (waxy flexibility). Catalepsy may be associated with PSYCHOTIC DISORDERS (e.g., SCHIZOPHRENIA, CATATONIC), nervous system drug toxicity, and other conditions.
Mice, Inbred C57BL
Ligands
A molecule that binds to another molecule, used especially to refer to a small molecule that binds specifically to a larger molecule, e.g., an antigen binding to an antibody, a hormone or neurotransmitter binding to a receptor, or a substrate or allosteric effector binding to an enzyme. Ligands are also molecules that donate or accept a pair of electrons to form a coordinate covalent bond with the central metal atom of a coordination complex. (From Dorland, 27th ed)
Conditioning, Operant
Learning situations in which the sequence responses of the subject are instrumental in producing reinforcement. When the correct response occurs, which involves the selection from among a repertoire of responses, the subject is immediately reinforced.
Mice, Knockout
Strains of mice in which certain GENES of their GENOMES have been disrupted, or "knocked-out". To produce knockouts, using RECOMBINANT DNA technology, the normal DNA sequence of the gene being studied is altered to prevent synthesis of a normal gene product. Cloned cells in which this DNA alteration is successful are then injected into mouse EMBRYOS to produce chimeric mice. The chimeric mice are then bred to yield a strain in which all the cells of the mouse contain the disrupted gene. Knockout mice are used as EXPERIMENTAL ANIMAL MODELS for diseases (DISEASE MODELS, ANIMAL) and to clarify the functions of the genes.
Anisoles
A group of compounds that are derivatives of methoxybenzene and contain the general formula R-C7H7O.
Mice, Inbred ICR
Neurons
The basic cellular units of nervous tissue. Each neuron consists of a body, an axon, and dendrites. Their purpose is to receive, conduct, and transmit impulses in the NERVOUS SYSTEM.
Brain
The part of CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM that is contained within the skull (CRANIUM). Arising from the NEURAL TUBE, the embryonic brain is comprised of three major parts including PROSENCEPHALON (the forebrain); MESENCEPHALON (the midbrain); and RHOMBENCEPHALON (the hindbrain). The developed brain consists of CEREBRUM; CEREBELLUM; and other structures in the BRAIN STEM.
Hyperalgesia
An increased sensation of pain or discomfort produced by mimimally noxious stimuli due to damage to soft tissue containing NOCICEPTORS or injury to a peripheral nerve.
Receptors, Opioid, mu
A class of opioid receptors recognized by its pharmacological profile. Mu opioid receptors bind, in decreasing order of affinity, endorphins, dynorphins, met-enkephalin, and leu-enkephalin. They have also been shown to be molecular receptors for morphine.
Heroin
A narcotic analgesic that may be habit-forming. It is a controlled substance (opium derivative) listed in the U.S. Code of Federal Regulations, Title 21 Parts 329.1, 1308.11 (1987). Sale is forbidden in the United States by Federal statute. (Merck Index, 11th ed)
Hypothermia
Lower than normal body temperature, especially in warm-blooded animals.
Periaqueductal Gray
Central gray matter surrounding the CEREBRAL AQUEDUCT in the MESENCEPHALON. Physiologically it is probably involved in RAGE reactions, the LORDOSIS REFLEX; FEEDING responses, bladder tonus, and pain.
Radioligand Assay
Quantitative determination of receptor (binding) proteins in body fluids or tissue using radioactively labeled binding reagents (e.g., antibodies, intracellular receptors, plasma binders).
Drug Tolerance
Progressive diminution of the susceptibility of a human or animal to the effects of a drug, resulting from its continued administration. It should be differentiated from DRUG RESISTANCE wherein an organism, disease, or tissue fails to respond to the intended effectiveness of a chemical or drug. It should also be differentiated from MAXIMUM TOLERATED DOSE and NO-OBSERVED-ADVERSE-EFFECT LEVEL.
Injections, Intraperitoneal
Forceful administration into the peritoneal cavity of liquid medication, nutrient, or other fluid through a hollow needle piercing the abdominal wall.
Psychotropic Drugs
A loosely defined grouping of drugs that have effects on psychological function. Here the psychotropic agents include the antidepressive agents, hallucinogens, and tranquilizing agents (including the antipsychotics and anti-anxiety agents).
Pain
An unpleasant sensation induced by noxious stimuli which are detected by NERVE ENDINGS of NOCICEPTIVE NEURONS.
Hippocampus
A curved elevation of GRAY MATTER extending the entire length of the floor of the TEMPORAL HORN of the LATERAL VENTRICLE (see also TEMPORAL LOBE). The hippocampus proper, subiculum, and DENTATE GYRUS constitute the hippocampal formation. Sometimes authors include the ENTORHINAL CORTEX in the hippocampal formation.
Synaptic Transmission
The communication from a NEURON to a target (neuron, muscle, or secretory cell) across a SYNAPSE. In chemical synaptic transmission, the presynaptic neuron releases a NEUROTRANSMITTER that diffuses across the synaptic cleft and binds to specific synaptic receptors, activating them. The activated receptors modulate specific ion channels and/or second-messenger systems in the postsynaptic cell. In electrical synaptic transmission, electrical signals are communicated as an ionic current flow across ELECTRICAL SYNAPSES.
Motor Activity
The physical activity of a human or an animal as a behavioral phenomenon.
Alkanesulfonates
Organic esters or salts of sulfonic acid derivatives containing an aliphatic hydrocarbon radical.
Corpus Striatum
Striped GRAY MATTER and WHITE MATTER consisting of the NEOSTRIATUM and paleostriatum (GLOBUS PALLIDUS). It is located in front of and lateral to the THALAMUS in each cerebral hemisphere. The gray substance is made up of the CAUDATE NUCLEUS and the lentiform nucleus (the latter consisting of the GLOBUS PALLIDUS and PUTAMEN). The WHITE MATTER is the INTERNAL CAPSULE.
Gastrointestinal Motility
The motor activity of the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT.
Ethanolamines
AMINO ALCOHOLS containing the ETHANOLAMINE; (-NH2CH2CHOH) group and its derivatives.
Calcium Channel Blockers
A class of drugs that act by selective inhibition of calcium influx through cellular membranes.
Drug Interactions
The action of a drug that may affect the activity, metabolism, or toxicity of another drug.
CHO Cells
CELL LINE derived from the ovary of the Chinese hamster, Cricetulus griseus (CRICETULUS). The species is a favorite for cytogenetic studies because of its small chromosome number. The cell line has provided model systems for the study of genetic alterations in cultured mammalian cells.
Pyrrolidinones
A group of compounds that are derivatives of oxo-pyrrolidines. A member of this group is 2-oxo pyrrolidine, which is an intermediate in the manufacture of polyvinylpyrrolidone. (From Merck Index, 11th ed)
Substance Withdrawal Syndrome
Physiological and psychological symptoms associated with withdrawal from the use of a drug after prolonged administration or habituation. The concept includes withdrawal from smoking or drinking, as well as withdrawal from an administered drug.
Signal Transduction
The intracellular transfer of information (biological activation/inhibition) through a signal pathway. In each signal transduction system, an activation/inhibition signal from a biologically active molecule (hormone, neurotransmitter) is mediated via the coupling of a receptor/enzyme to a second messenger system or to an ion channel. Signal transduction plays an important role in activating cellular functions, cell differentiation, and cell proliferation. Examples of signal transduction systems are the GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID-postsynaptic receptor-calcium ion channel system, the receptor-mediated T-cell activation pathway, and the receptor-mediated activation of phospholipases. Those coupled to membrane depolarization or intracellular release of calcium include the receptor-mediated activation of cytotoxic functions in granulocytes and the synaptic potentiation of protein kinase activation. Some signal transduction pathways may be part of larger signal transduction pathways; for example, protein kinase activation is part of the platelet activation signal pathway.
Reinforcement (Psychology)
The strengthening of a conditioned response.
Disease Models, Animal
Naturally occurring or experimentally induced animal diseases with pathological processes sufficiently similar to those of human diseases. They are used as study models for human diseases.
Nucleus Accumbens
Collection of pleomorphic cells in the caudal part of the anterior horn of the LATERAL VENTRICLE, in the region of the OLFACTORY TUBERCLE, lying between the head of the CAUDATE NUCLEUS and the ANTERIOR PERFORATED SUBSTANCE. It is part of the so-called VENTRAL STRIATUM, a composite structure considered part of the BASAL GANGLIA.
Palmitic Acids
A group of 16-carbon fatty acids that contain no double bonds.
Enkephalin, Ala(2)-MePhe(4)-Gly(5)-
An enkephalin analog that selectively binds to the MU OPIOID RECEPTOR. It is used as a model for drug permeability experiments.
Cocaine
An alkaloid ester extracted from the leaves of plants including coca. It is a local anesthetic and vasoconstrictor and is clinically used for that purpose, particularly in the eye, ear, nose, and throat. It also has powerful central nervous system effects similar to the amphetamines and is a drug of abuse. Cocaine, like amphetamines, acts by multiple mechanisms on brain catecholaminergic neurons; the mechanism of its reinforcing effects is thought to involve inhibition of dopamine uptake.
Reward
An object or a situation that can serve to reinforce a response, to satisfy a motive, or to afford pleasure.
Eating
The consumption of edible substances.
Receptors, Presynaptic
Neurotransmitter receptors located on or near presynaptic terminals or varicosities. Presynaptic receptors which bind transmitter molecules released by the terminal itself are termed AUTORECEPTORS.
Neuralgia
Intense or aching pain that occurs along the course or distribution of a peripheral or cranial nerve.
Adenosine A2 Receptor Antagonists
Compounds that selectively bind to and block the activation of ADENOSINE A2 RECEPTORS.
Pain Measurement
Scales, questionnaires, tests, and other methods used to assess pain severity and duration in patients or experimental animals to aid in diagnosis, therapy, and physiological studies.
Receptor, Adenosine A2A
A subclass of adenosine A2 receptors found in LEUKOCYTES, the SPLEEN, the THYMUS and a variety of other tissues. It is generally considered to be a receptor for ADENOSINE that couples to the GS, STIMULATORY G-PROTEIN.
Pain Threshold
Amount of stimulation required before the sensation of pain is experienced.
Amygdala
Almond-shaped group of basal nuclei anterior to the INFERIOR HORN OF THE LATERAL VENTRICLE of the TEMPORAL LOBE. The amygdala is part of the limbic system.
gamma-Aminobutyric Acid
The most common inhibitory neurotransmitter in the central nervous system.
Inhibitory Postsynaptic Potentials
Hyperpolarization of membrane potentials at the SYNAPTIC MEMBRANES of target neurons during NEUROTRANSMISSION. They are local changes which diminish responsiveness to excitatory signals.
Morphine
The principal alkaloid in opium and the prototype opiate analgesic and narcotic. Morphine has widespread effects in the central nervous system and on smooth muscle.
Cricetinae
A subfamily in the family MURIDAE, comprising the hamsters. Four of the more common genera are Cricetus, CRICETULUS; MESOCRICETUS; and PHODOPUS.
Time Factors
Elements of limited time intervals, contributing to particular results or situations.
Electric Stimulation
Use of electric potential or currents to elicit biological responses.
Analysis of Variance
A statistical technique that isolates and assesses the contributions of categorical independent variables to variation in the mean of a continuous dependent variable.
Feeding Behavior
Behavioral responses or sequences associated with eating including modes of feeding, rhythmic patterns of eating, and time intervals.
Receptors, G-Protein-Coupled
The largest family of cell surface receptors involved in SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION. They share a common structure and signal through HETEROTRIMERIC G-PROTEINS.
Benzamides
BENZOIC ACID amides.
Reinforcement Schedule
A schedule prescribing when the subject is to be reinforced or rewarded in terms of temporal interval in psychological experiments. The schedule may be continuous or intermittent.
Cricetulus
A genus of the family Muridae consisting of eleven species. C. migratorius, the grey or Armenian hamster, and C. griseus, the Chinese hamster, are the two species used in biomedical research.
Cerebellum
The part of brain that lies behind the BRAIN STEM in the posterior base of skull (CRANIAL FOSSA, POSTERIOR). It is also known as the "little brain" with convolutions similar to those of CEREBRAL CORTEX, inner white matter, and deep cerebellar nuclei. Its function is to coordinate voluntary movements, maintain balance, and learn motor skills.
Presynaptic Terminals
The distal terminations of axons which are specialized for the release of neurotransmitters. Also included are varicosities along the course of axons which have similar specializations and also release transmitters. Presynaptic terminals in both the central and peripheral nervous systems are included.
Cyclic AMP
An adenine nucleotide containing one phosphate group which is esterified to both the 3'- and 5'-positions of the sugar moiety. It is a second messenger and a key intracellular regulator, functioning as a mediator of activity for a number of hormones, including epinephrine, glucagon, and ACTH.
Receptors, Dopamine D2
A subfamily of G-PROTEIN-COUPLED RECEPTORS that bind the neurotransmitter DOPAMINE and modulate its effects. D2-class receptor genes contain INTRONS, and the receptors inhibit ADENYLYL CYCLASES.
Marijuana Abuse
The excessive use of marijuana with associated psychological symptoms and impairment in social or occupational functioning.
Rats, Long-Evans
An outbred strain of rats developed in 1915 by crossing several Wistar Institute white females with a wild gray male. Inbred strains have been derived from this original outbred strain, including Long-Evans cinnamon rats (RATS, INBRED LEC) and Otsuka-Long-Evans-Tokushima Fatty rats (RATS, INBRED OLETF), which are models for Wilson's disease and non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus, respectively.
Patch-Clamp Techniques
An electrophysiologic technique for studying cells, cell membranes, and occasionally isolated organelles. All patch-clamp methods rely on a very high-resistance seal between a micropipette and a membrane; the seal is usually attained by gentle suction. The four most common variants include on-cell patch, inside-out patch, outside-out patch, and whole-cell clamp. Patch-clamp methods are commonly used to voltage clamp, that is control the voltage across the membrane and measure current flow, but current-clamp methods, in which the current is controlled and the voltage is measured, are also used.
Inflammation
A pathological process characterized by injury or destruction of tissues caused by a variety of cytologic and chemical reactions. It is usually manifested by typical signs of pain, heat, redness, swelling, and loss of function.
Excitatory Postsynaptic Potentials
Depolarization of membrane potentials at the SYNAPTIC MEMBRANES of target neurons during neurotransmission. Excitatory postsynaptic potentials can singly or in summation reach the trigger threshold for ACTION POTENTIALS.
Conditioning (Psychology)
A general term referring to the learning of some particular response.
Neural Inhibition
The function of opposing or restraining the excitation of neurons or their target excitable cells.
Analgesics, Opioid
Compounds with activity like OPIATE ALKALOIDS, acting at OPIOID RECEPTORS. Properties include induction of ANALGESIA or NARCOSIS.
Prefrontal Cortex
The rostral part of the frontal lobe, bounded by the inferior precentral fissure in humans, which receives projection fibers from the MEDIODORSAL NUCLEUS OF THE THALAMUS. The prefrontal cortex receives afferent fibers from numerous structures of the DIENCEPHALON; MESENCEPHALON; and LIMBIC SYSTEM as well as cortical afferents of visual, auditory, and somatic origin.
Peripheral Nervous System Diseases
Diseases of the peripheral nerves external to the brain and spinal cord, which includes diseases of the nerve roots, ganglia, plexi, autonomic nerves, sensory nerves, and motor nerves.
Cells, Cultured
Cells propagated in vitro in special media conducive to their growth. Cultured cells are used to study developmental, morphologic, metabolic, physiologic, and genetic processes, among others.
Ileum
The distal and narrowest portion of the SMALL INTESTINE, between the JEJUNUM and the ILEOCECAL VALVE of the LARGE INTESTINE.
Enzyme Inhibitors
Compounds or agents that combine with an enzyme in such a manner as to prevent the normal substrate-enzyme combination and the catalytic reaction.
Glutamic Acid
A non-essential amino acid naturally occurring in the L-form. Glutamic acid is the most common excitatory neurotransmitter in the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM.
Immunohistochemistry
Histochemical localization of immunoreactive substances using labeled antibodies as reagents.
RNA, Messenger
RNA sequences that serve as templates for protein synthesis. Bacterial mRNAs are generally primary transcripts in that they do not require post-transcriptional processing. Eukaryotic mRNA is synthesized in the nucleus and must be exported to the cytoplasm for translation. Most eukaryotic mRNAs have a sequence of polyadenylic acid at the 3' end, referred to as the poly(A) tail. The function of this tail is not known for certain, but it may play a role in the export of mature mRNA from the nucleus as well as in helping stabilize some mRNA molecules by retarding their degradation in the cytoplasm.
Cerebral Cortex
The thin layer of GRAY MATTER on the surface of the CEREBRAL HEMISPHERES that develops from the TELENCEPHALON and folds into gyri and sulchi. It reaches its highest development in humans and is responsible for intellectual faculties and higher mental functions.
HEK293 Cells
A cell line generated from human embryonic kidney cells that were transformed with human adenovirus type 5.
Cell Line
Established cell cultures that have the potential to propagate indefinitely.
Marijuana Smoking
Inhaling and exhaling the smoke from CANNABIS.
Xanthines
Purine bases found in body tissues and fluids and in some plants.
Protein Binding
The process in which substances, either endogenous or exogenous, bind to proteins, peptides, enzymes, protein precursors, or allied compounds. Specific protein-binding measures are often used as assays in diagnostic assessments.
Receptors, Metabotropic Glutamate
Cell surface proteins that bind glutamate and act through G-proteins to influence second messenger systems. Several types of metabotropic glutamate receptors have been cloned. They differ in pharmacology, distribution, and mechanisms of action.

A critical role for the cannabinoid CB1 receptors in alcohol dependence and stress-stimulated ethanol drinking. (1/1474)

Although many people drink alcohol regularly, only some become addicted. Several studies have shown that genetic and environmental factors contribute to individual differences in the vulnerability to the effects of alcohol (Nestler, 2000; Kreek, 2001; Crabbe, 2002). Among the environmental factors, stress is perhaps the most important trigger for relapse after a period of abstinence (Koob and Nestler, 1997; Piazza and Le Moal, 1998; Koob and Le Moal, 2001; Weiss et al., 2001). Here we show that ethanol withdrawal symptoms were completely absent in cannabinoid CB1 receptor-deficient mice, although acute effects of ethanol and ethanol tolerance and preference were basically normal. Furthermore, foot-shock stress had no affect on alcohol preference in Cnr1-/- mice, although it induced a dramatic increase in Cnr1+/+ animals. These results reveal a critical role for the CB1 receptor in clinically important aspects of alcohol dependence and provide a rationale for the use of CB1 receptor antagonists in the treatment of alcohol addiction.  (+info)

Cannabinoid CB(1) receptor-mediated inhibition of hippocampal acetylcholine release is preserved in aged mice. (2/1474)

1. The cannabinoid CB(1) receptor inverse agonist/antagonist SR 141716 increases acetylcholine release in rodent hippocampus and improves memory in some experimental paradigms. Since drugs like SR 141716 may represent a novel class of cognition-enhancing drugs, we wanted to check whether the function of the CB(1) receptor is preserved during ageing. 2. Hippocampal and striatal slices from 2- to 3- and 24- to 28-month-old C57BL/6J mice were preincubated with [(3)H]-choline or [(3)H]-noradrenaline ([(3)H]-NA) and superfused. 3. The cannabinoid receptor agonist WIN 55212-2 inhibited, and SR 141716 facilitated, the electrically (3 Hz) evoked tritium overflow in hippocampal slices (preincubated with [(3)H]-choline) from young and aged mice to the same extent. The evoked overflow per se was less by 33% in slices from aged animals. 4. WIN 55212-2 and SR 141716 did not affect, but the muscarinic receptor agonist oxotremorine inhibited, the evoked (3 Hz) overflow in striatal slices (preincubated with [(3)H]-choline) from young and aged mice to the same extent. The evoked overflow per se tended to be less in slices from aged animals. 5. The evoked (0.3 Hz) overflow in hippocampal slices (preincubated with [(3)H]-NA) was not affected by WIN 55212-2 and SR 141716, but was inhibited by histamine (via H(3) receptors) in slices from young mice and, to a somewhat less extent, in slices from aged mice. The evoked overflow per se did not differ between age groups. 6. In conclusion, the function of the CB(1) receptor involved in the tonic inhibition of hippocampal acetylcholine release is preserved in aged mice.  (+info)

A3 adenosine and CB1 receptors activate a PKC-sensitive Cl- current in human nonpigmented ciliary epithelial cells via a G beta gamma-coupled MAPK signaling pathway. (3/1474)

(1) We examined A3 adenosine and CB1 cannabinoid receptor-coupled signaling pathways regulating Cl(-) current in a human nonpigmented ciliary epithelial (NPCE) cell line. (2) Whole-cell patch-clamp recordings demonstrated that the A3 receptor agonist, IB-MECA, activates an outwardly rectifying Cl(-)current (I(Cl,Aden)) in NPCE cells, which was inhibited by the adenosine receptor antagonist, CGS-15943 or by the protein kinase C (PKC) activator, phorbol 12,13 dibutyrate (PDBu). (3) Treatment of NPCE cells with pertussis-toxin (PTX), or transfection with the COOH-terminus of beta-adrenergic receptor kinase (ct-betaARK), inhibited I(Cl,Aden). The phosphatidyl inositol 3-kinase (PI3K) inhibitor, wortmannin, had no effect on I(Cl,Aden); however, the mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase (MEK) inhibitor, PD98059, inhibited I(Cl,Aden). (4) Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction experiments and immunocytochemistry confirmed mRNA and protein expression for the CB1 receptor in NPCE cells, and the CB1 receptor agonist, Win 55,212-2, activated a PDBu-sensitive Cl(-) current (I(Cl,Win)). (5) Transfection of NPCE cells with the human CB1 (hCB1) receptor, increased I(Cl,Win), consistent with increased receptor expression, and I(Cl,Win) in hCB1 receptor-transfected cells was decreased after application of a CB1 receptor inverse agonist, SR 141716. (6) Constitutive activity for CB1 receptors was not significant in NPCE cells as transfection with hCB1 receptors did not increase basal Cl(-) current, nor was basal current inhibited by SR 141716. (7) I(Cl,Win) was inhibited by PTX preincubation, by transfection with ct-betaARK and by the MEK inhibitor, PD98059, but unaffected by the PI3K inhibitor, wortmannin. (8) We conclude that both A3 and CB1 receptors activate a PKC-sensitive Cl(-) current in human NPCE cells via a G(i/o)/Gbetagamma signaling pathway, in a manner independent of PI3K but involving MAPK.  (+info)

Reduction of human monocytic cell neurotoxicity and cytokine secretion by ligands of the cannabinoid-type CB2 receptor. (4/1474)

1 Two cannabinoid receptors, CB1 and CB2, have been identified. The CB1 receptor is preferentially expressed in brain, and the CB2 receptor in cells of leukocyte lineage. We identified the mRNA for the CB1 receptor in human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells, and the mRNA and protein for the CB2 receptor in human microglia and THP-1 cells. 2 Delta(9)-and Delta(8)-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) were toxic when added directly to SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells. The toxicity of Delta(9)- THC was inhibited by the CB1 receptor antagonist SR141716A but not by the CB2 receptor antagonist SR144528. The endogenous ligand anandamide was also toxic, and this toxicity was enhanced by inhibitors of its enzymatic hydrolysis. 3 The selective CB2 receptor ligands JWH-015 and indomethacin morpholinylamide (BML-190), when added to THP-1 cells before stimulation with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and IFN-gamma, reduced the toxicity of their culture supernatants to SH-SY5Y cells. JWH-015 was more effective against neurotoxicity of human microglia than THP-1 cells. The antineurotoxic activity of JWH-015 was blocked by the selective CB2 receptor antagonist SR144528, but not by the CB1 receptor antagonist SR141716A. This activity of JWH-015 was synergistic with that of the 5-lipoxygenase (5-LOX) inhibitor REV 5901. 4 Cannabinoids inhibited secretion of IL-1beta and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) by stimulated THP-1 cells, but these effects could not be directly correlated with their antineurotoxic activity. 5 Specific CB2 receptor ligands could be useful anti-inflammatory agents, while avoiding the neurotoxic and psychoactive effects of CB1 receptor ligands such as Delta(9)-THC.  (+info)

Cannabinoid1 receptor in the dorsal vagal complex modulates lower oesophageal sphincter relaxation in ferrets. (5/1474)

Delta9-tetrahydrocannabinol (delta9-THC) is an effective anti-emetic; however, other potential gastrointestinal therapeutic effects of delta9-THC are less well-known. Here, we report a role of delta9-THC in a vago-vagal reflex that can result in gastro-oesophageal reflux, that is, gastric distension-evoked lower oesophageal sphincter (LOS) relaxation. Oesophageal, LOS and gastric pressures were measured using a miniaturized, manometric assembly in decerebrate, unanaesthetized ferrets.Gastric distension (30 ml) evoked LOS relaxation (70 +/- 8% decrease from baseline). Delta9-THC administered systemically (0.2 mg kg-1, iv.) or directly to the dorsal hindbrain surface (0.002 mg),significantly attenuated the nadir of the gastric distention-evoked LOS relaxation, and time to reach maximal response. Similar increases to maximal effect were observed after treatment with the cannabinoid receptor agonist WIN 55,212-2 (0.2 mg kg-1 iv.). The effect of systemic delta9-THC on gastric distention-evoked LOS relaxation was reversed by a selective cannabinoid1 (CBI) receptor antagonist, SR141617A (1 mg kg-1 i.v.). Since this reflex is vagally mediated, we used a CB1 receptor antiserum and immunocytochemistry to determine its distribution in ferret vagal circuitry. CBI receptor staining was present in cell bodies within the area postrema, nucleus tractus solitarius (NTS) and nodose ganglion. Intense terminal-like staining was noted within the NTS and dorsal motor vagal nucleus (DMN). Neither nodose ganglionectomy nor vagotomy altered the CB1 receptor terminal-like staining in the dorsal vagal complex. Retrogradely labelled gastric- or LOS-projecting DMN neurones did not express CBI receptors within their soma. Therefore, CBI receptor staining in the NTS and DMN is not due to primary vagal afferents or preganglionic neurones. These novel findings suggest that delta9-THC can modulate reflex LOS function and that the most likely site of action is via the CBI receptor within the NTS. This effect of delta9-THC may have implications in treatment of gastro-oesophageal reflux and other upper gut disorders.  (+info)

Cannabinoid receptor type 1 modulates excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmission in mouse colon. (6/1474)

The effects of cannabinoid receptor agonists and antagonists on smooth muscle resting membrane potentials and on membrane potentials following electrical neuronal stimulation in a myenteric neuron/smooth muscle preparation of wild-type and cannabinoid receptor type 1 (CB1)-deficient mice were investigated in vitro. Double staining for CB1 and nitric oxide synthase (neuronal) was performed to identify the myenteric CB1-expressing neurons. Focal electrical stimulation of the myenteric plexus induced a fast (f) excitatory junction potential (EJP) followed by a fast and a slow (s) inhibitory junction potential (IJP). Treatment of wild-type mice with the endogenous CB1 receptor agonist anandamide reduced EJP while not affecting fIJP and sIJP. EJP was significantly higher in CB1-deficient mice than in wild-type littermate controls, and anandamide induced no effects in CB1-deficient mice. N-arachidonoyl ethanolamide (anandamide), R-[2,3-dihydro-5-methyl-3-(4-morpholinylmethyl)pyrrolo[1,2,3,-de]- 1,4-benzoxazin-6-yl]-1-naphtalenylmethanone, a synthetic CB1 receptor agonist, nearly abolished EJP and significantly reduced the fIJP in wild-type mice. N-piperidino-5-(4-chlorophenyl)-1-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-4-methyl-3-pyrazole-caroxa mide (SR141716A), a CB1-specific receptor antagonist, was able to reverse the agonist effects induced in wild-type mice. SR141716A, when given alone, significantly increased EJP in wild-type mice without affecting IJP in wild-type and EJP in CB1-deficient mice. Interestingly, SR141716A reduced fIJP in CB1-deficient mice. In the mouse colon, nitrergic myenteric neurons do not express CB1, implying that CB1 is expressed in cholinergic neurons, which is in line with the functional data. Finally, excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmission in the mouse colon is modulated by activation of CB1 receptors. The significant increase in EJP in CB1-deficient mice strongly suggests a physiological involvement of CB1 in excitatory cholinergic neurotransmission.  (+info)

Toxicological and structural features of organophosphorus and organosulfur cannabinoid CB1 receptor ligands. (7/1474)

Potent cannabinoid CB1 receptor ligands include anandamide [N-(2-hydroxyethyl)arachidonamide], Delta9-tetrahydrocannabinol, and 3H-CP 55,940 at the agonist site and selected organophosphorus esters (including some pesticides) and organosulfur compounds at a proposed closely coupled "nucleophilic" site. This study considers the toxicological and structural features of alkylfluorophosphonates, benzodioxaphosphorin oxides, alkanesulfonyl fluorides, and analogs acting at the nucleophilic site. Binding at the agonist site, using3H-CP 55,940 in assays with mouse brain membranes, is inhibited byO-isopropyl dodecylfluorophosphonate (compound 2), dodecanesulfonyl fluoride (compound 14) and dodecylbenzodioxaphosphorin oxide with IC50 values of 2-11 nM. Compounds 2 and 14 are also effectivein vivo, with 84% inhibition of mouse brain CB1 binding 4 h after intraperitoneal dosage at 30 mg/kg. Compound 14-inhibited CB1 in mouse brain requires about 3-4 days for recovery of 50% activity, suggesting covalent derivatization. Delayed toxicity (mortality in 0.3-5 days) from compounds 2, 14, and octanesulfonyl fluoride (18) is more closely associated with in vivo inhibition of brain neuropathy target esterase-lysophospholipase (NTE-LysoPLA) than with that of CB1 or acetylcholinesterase. NTE-LysoPLA inhibited by sulfonyl fluorides 14 and 18 cannot "age," a proposed requirement for NTE phosphorylated by organophosphorus-delayed neurotoxicants. Several octane- and dodecanesulfonamides with N-(2-hydroxyethyl) and other substituents based on anandamide give depressed mobility and recumbent posture in mice, but the effects do not correlate with potency for CB1 inhibition in vitro. Specific toxicological responses are not clearly associated with organophosphorus- or organosulfur-induced inhibition of the proposed CB1 nucleophilic site in mouse brain. On the other hand, the most potent CB1 inhibitors examined here are also NTE-LysoPLA inhibitors and cause delayed toxicity in mice.  (+info)

The cannabinoid system and immune modulation. (8/1474)

Studies on the effects of marijuana smoking have evolved into the discovery and description of the endocannabinoid system. To date, this system is composed of two receptors, CB1 and CB2, and endogenous ligands including anandamide, 2-arachidonoyl glycerol, and others. CB1 receptors and ligands are found in the brain as well as immune and other peripheral tissues. Conversely, CB2 receptors and ligands are found primarily in the periphery, especially in immune cells. Cannabinoid receptors are G protein-coupled receptors, and they have been linked to signaling pathways and gene activities in common with this receptor family. In addition, cannabinoids have been shown to modulate a variety of immune cell functions in humans and animals and more recently, have been shown to modulate T helper cell development, chemotaxis, and tumor development. Many of these drug effects occur through cannabinoid receptor signaling mechanisms and the modulation of cytokines and other gene products. It appears the immunocannabinoid system is involved in regulating the brain-immune axis and might be exploited in future therapies for chronic diseases and immune deficiency.  (+info)

Cannabinoid receptor type 2 - WikipediaCannabinoid receptor type 2 - Wikipedia
The cannabinoid receptor type 2, abbreviated as CB2, is a G protein-coupled receptor from the cannabinoid receptor family that in humans is encoded by the CNR2 gene. It is closely related to the cannabinoid receptor type 1, which is largely responsible for the efficacy of endocannabinoid-mediated presynaptic-inhibition, the psychoactive properties of tetrahydrocannabinol, the active agent in cannabis, and other phytocannabinoids (plant cannabinoids). The principal endogenous ligand for the CB2 receptor is 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG). CB2 was cloned in 1993 by a research group from Cambridge looking for a second cannabinoid receptor that could explain the pharmacological properties of tetrahydrocannabinol. The receptor was identified among cDNAs based on its similarity in amino-acid sequence to the cannabinoid receptor type 1 (CB1) receptor, discovered in 1990. The discovery of this receptor helped provide a molecular explanation for the established effects of cannabinoids on the immune system. ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cannabinoid_receptor_type_2
Characterization of a novel and selective cannabinoid CB1 receptor inverse agonist, Imidazole 24b, in rodents. - Science...Characterization of a novel and selective cannabinoid CB1 receptor inverse agonist, Imidazole 24b, in rodents. - Science...
We document in vitro and in vivo effects of a novel, selective cannabinoid CB(1) receptor inverse agonist, Imidazole 24b (5-(4-chlorophenyl)-N-cyclohexyl-4-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-1-methyl-imidazole-2-carboxamide). The in vitro binding affinity of Imidazole 24b for recombinant human and rat CB(1) receptor is 4 and 10 nM, respectively. Imidazole 24b binds to human cannabinoid CB(2) receptor with an affinity of 297 nM; in vitro, it is a receptor inverse agonist at both cannabinoid CB(1) and CB(2) receptors as it causes a further increase of forskolin-induced cAMP increase. Oral administration of Imidazole 24b blocked CP-55940-induced hypothermia, demonstrating cannabinoid CB(1) receptor antagonist efficacy in vivo. Using ex vivo autoradiography, Imidazole 24b resulted in dose-dependent increases in brain cannabinoid CB(1) receptor occupancy (RO) at 2h post-dosing in rats, indicating that approximately 50% receptor occupancy is sufficient for attenuation of receptor agonist-induced hypothermia. ...
https://www.scienceexchange.com/publications/11720
The Cannabinoid CB1 Receptor Antagonist Rimonabant Stimulates 2-Deoxyglucose Uptake in Skeletal Muscle Cells by Regulating the...The Cannabinoid CB1 Receptor Antagonist Rimonabant Stimulates 2-Deoxyglucose Uptake in Skeletal Muscle Cells by Regulating the...
The endocannabinoid system regulates food intake, energy, and glucose metabolism at both central and peripheral levels. We have investigated the mechanism by which it may control glucose uptake in skeletal muscle cells. Detectable levels of the cannabinoid receptor type 1 (CB1) were revealed in L6 cells. Exposure of differentiated L6 myotubes to the CB1 antagonist rimonabant (SR141716) selectively increased 2-deoxyglucose uptake (2-DG) in a time- and dose-dependent manner. A similar effect was induced by genetic silencing of CB1 by small interfering RNA. Protein expression profiling revealed that both the regulatory p85 and the catalytic p110 subunits of the phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K) were increased by SR141716. No significant change in the cellular content of other known molecules regulating PI3K was observed. However, phosphoinositide-dependent kinase-1, Akt/protein kinase B, and protein kinase Cζ activities were rapidly induced after SR141716 treatment of L6 cells in a ...
https://molpharm.aspetjournals.org/content/74/6/1678.abstract
Frontiers | Cannabinoid type-1 receptor signaling in central serotonergic neurons regulates anxiety-like behavior and...Frontiers | Cannabinoid type-1 receptor signaling in central serotonergic neurons regulates anxiety-like behavior and...
The endocannabinoid system possesses neuromodulatory functions by influencing the release of various neurotransmitters, including γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and glutamate. A functional interaction between endocannabinoids and the serotonergic system has already been suggested. Previously, we showed that cannabinoid type 1 (CB1) receptor mRNA and protein are localized in serotonergic neurons of the raphe nuclei, implying that the endocannabinoid system can modulate serotonergic functions. In order to substantiate the physiological role of the CB1 receptor in serotonergic neurons of the raphe nuclei, we generated serotonergic (5-HT) neuron-specific CB1 receptor-deficient mice, using the Cre/loxP system with a tamoxifen-inducible Cre recombinase under the control of the regulatory sequences of the tryptophan hydroxylase 2 gene (TPH2-CreERT2), thus, restricting the recombination to 5-HT neurons of the central nervous system. Applying several different behavioral paradigms, we revealed that mice lacking the
https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnbeh.2015.00235/full
Latest Progress in the Identification of Novel Synthetic Ligands for the Cannabinoid CB2 Receptor | BenthamScienceLatest Progress in the Identification of Novel Synthetic Ligands for the Cannabinoid CB2 Receptor | BenthamScience
Title:Latest Progress in the Identification of Novel Synthetic Ligands for the Cannabinoid CB2 Receptor. VOLUME: 14 ISSUE: 5. Author(s):Shuang Han, Jiong-Jiong Chen and Jian-Zhong Chen. Affiliation:College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, 866 Yuhangtang Rd, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, P. R. China.. Keywords:Cannabinoid receptors, CB2, GPCRs, selective ligand, structure-activity relationship.. Abstract:Cannabinoid receptors, belonging to the superfamily of G-protein coupled receptors, play a major role in pathophysiology of a wide range of disparate diseases. Cannabinoid CB2 receptor, which mainly locates in peripheral tissues, represents as a promising drug target for the treatment of pain, osteoporosis, liver disorders, and so on without serious CNS side effects. In the past decades, the identification and optimization of selective ligands for the CB2 receptor has been a major objective in drug discovery. In the present review, we describe recent advances in the development of ...
http://www.eurekaselect.com/121839/article
1,5-diaryl-pyrazoles as cannabinoid receptor neutral antagonists useful as therapeutic agents<...1,5-diaryl-pyrazoles as cannabinoid receptor neutral antagonists useful as therapeutic agents<...
TY - PAT. T1 - 1,5-diaryl-pyrazoles as cannabinoid receptor neutral antagonists useful as therapeutic agents. AU - Greig, Iain Robert. AU - Ross, Ruth Alexandra. AU - Pertwee, Roger Guy. PY - 2008/8/21. Y1 - 2008/8/21. N2 - The present invention pertains to cannabinoid (CB) receptor neutral antagonists, and especially CB1 neutral antagonists, and including, for example, certain 1,5-di-aryl-pyrazole compounds. The present invention also pertains to the use of such compounds in the treatment of diseases and disorders that are ameliorated by treatment with a neutral antagonist of the cannabinoid type 1 (CB1) receptor, for example: an eating disorder; obesity; a disease or disorder characterised by an addiction component; addiction; withdrawal; smoking addiction; smoking withdrawal; drug addiction; drug withdrawal; smoking cessation therapy; a bone disease or disorder; osteoporosis, Pagets disease of bone; bone related cancer; a disease or disorder with an inflammatory or autoimmune component; ...
https://abdn.pure.elsevier.com/en/publications/15-diaryl-pyrazoles-as-cannabinoid-receptor-neutral-antagonists-u
Insights Into the Function of Opioid Receptors From Molecular Dynamics Simulations of Available Crystal Structures - PubMedInsights Into the Function of Opioid Receptors From Molecular Dynamics Simulations of Available Crystal Structures - PubMed
This article is part of a themed section on Emerging Areas of Opioid Pharmacology. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v175.14/issuetoc.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28266020/
Molecular level studies on the cannabinoid receptor type 1 (CB1): biased signaling and MD simulations, UNCG NC DOCKS (North...
Abstract: The endocannabinoid system has been historically targeted for medicinal purposes through the use of cannabis. Two cannabinoid receptors, CB1 and CB2, have been identified as the mediators of the biological effects of the main psychoactive component in Cannabis sativa; delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol. The CB1 receptor is a class A G-protein coupled receptor (GPCR), and is the most abundant neuro-modulatory receptor in the CNS. With its location at presynaptic termini, it regulates the function of other receptors, including the dopamine, serotonin, GABA, opioid and glutamate receptors. Many potential therapeutic applications targeting the CB1 receptor are under investigation. However, the unformed knowledge in drug-receptor interactions at the molecular level, and in the CB1 receptor signaling properties, has hampered the transition of many synthesized CB1 receptor agonists and antagonists to clinical use. In the studies to be presented, computational and mutational methods are employed to ...
https://libres.uncg.edu/ir/uncg/listing.aspx?id=23115
Brain Cannabinoid CB2 Receptor in Schizophrenia<...Brain Cannabinoid CB2 Receptor in Schizophrenia<...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Brain Cannabinoid CB2 Receptor in Schizophrenia. AU - Ishiguro, Hiroki. AU - Horiuchi, Yasue. AU - Ishikawa, Maya. AU - Koga, Minori. AU - Imai, Keiko. AU - Suzuki, Yoshimi. AU - Morikawa, Miyuki. AU - Inada, Toshiya. AU - Watanabe, Yuichiro. AU - Takahashi, Makoto. AU - Someya, Toshiyuki. AU - Ujike, Hiroshi. AU - Iwata, Nakao. AU - Ozaki, Norio. AU - Onaivi, Emmanuel S.. AU - Kunugi, Hiroshi. AU - Sasaki, Tsukasa. AU - Itokawa, Masanari. AU - Arai, Makoto. AU - Niizato, Kazuhiro. AU - Iritani, Shyuji. AU - Naka, Izumi. AU - Ohashi, Jun. AU - Kakita, Akiyoshi. AU - Takahashi, Hitoshi. AU - Nawa, Hiroyuki. AU - Arinami, Tadao. PY - 2010/5/15. Y1 - 2010/5/15. N2 - Background: Neural endocannabinoid function appears to be involved in schizophrenia. Two endocannabinoid receptors, CB1 and CB2, are found in the brain and elsewhere in the body. We investigated roles of CB2 in schizophrenia. Materials and Methods: An association study was performed between tag single nucleotide ...
https://pure.fujita-hu.ac.jp/en/publications/brain-cannabinoid-cb2-receptor-in-schizophrenia
CB1 cannabinoid receptor induction in experimental stroke<...
TY - JOUR. T1 - CB1 cannabinoid receptor induction in experimental stroke. AU - Jin, Kun Lin. AU - Mao, Xiao Ou. AU - Goldsmith, Paul C.. AU - Greenberg, David A.. PY - 2000. Y1 - 2000. N2 - Cannabinoids protect cortical neurons from ischemic injury by interacting with CB1 receptors. Because a variety of neuroprotective genes are induced in cerebral ischemia, we examined the effect of experimental stroke, produced by 20 minutes of middle cerebral artery occlusion in rats, on CB1 receptor expression. Western blotting and immunohistochemistry showed that CB1 expression on neurons was increased in the arterial boundary zone of the cortical mantle, beginning by 2 hours and persisting for 72 hours or more after ischemia. These findings are consistent with a neuroprotective role for endogenous cannabinoid signaling pathways and with a potential therapeutic role in stroke for drugs that activate CB1 receptors.. AB - Cannabinoids protect cortical neurons from ischemic injury by interacting with CB1 ...
https://experts.unthsc.edu/en/publications/cb1-cannabinoid-receptor-induction-in-experimental-stroke
Functional expression of cell surface cannabinoid CB(1) receptors on presynaptic inhibitory terminals in cultured rat...Functional expression of cell surface cannabinoid CB(1) receptors on presynaptic inhibitory terminals in cultured rat...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Functional expression of cell surface cannabinoid CB(1) receptors on presynaptic inhibitory terminals in cultured rat hippocampal neurons. AU - Irving, A J. AU - Coutts, Angela Alice. AU - Harvey, J. AU - Rae, M G. AU - Mackie, K. AU - Bewick, Guy Smith. AU - Pertwee, Roger Guy. PY - 2000/6. Y1 - 2000/6. N2 - At present, little is known about the mechanisms by which cannabinoids exert their effects on the central nervous system. In this study, fluorescence imaging and electrophysiological techniques were used to investigate the functional relationship between cell surface cannabinoid type 1 (CB(1)) receptors and GABAergic synaptic transmission in cultured hippocampal neurons. CB(1) receptors were labelled on living neurons using a polyclonal antibody directed against the N-terminal 77 amino acid residues of the rat cloned CB(1) receptor. Highly punctate CB(1) receptor labelling was observed on fine axons and at axonal growth cones, with little somatic labelling. The majority of ...
https://abdn.pure.elsevier.com/en/publications/functional-expression-of-cell-surface-cannabinoid-cb1-receptors-o-2
Ligand-based virtual screening identifies a family of selective cannabinoid receptor 2 agonists - Immunology
© 2014 The Authors. The cannabinoid receptor 2 (CB2R) has been linked with the regulation of inflammation, and selective receptor activation has been proposed as a target for the treatment of a range of inflammatory diseases such as atherosclerosis and arthritis. In order to identify selective CB2R agonists with appropriate physicochemical and ADME properties for future evaluation in vivo, we first performed a ligand-based virtual screen. Subsequent medicinal chemistry optimisation studies led to the identification of a new class of selective CB2R agonists. Several examples showed high levels of activity (EC50 <200nM) and binding affinity (K i <200nM) for the CB2R, and no detectable activity at the CB1R. The most promising example, DIAS2, also showed favourable in vitro metabolic stability and absorption properties along with a clean selectivity profile when evaluated against a panel of GPCRs and kinases.
https://www.immunology.ox.ac.uk/publications/500641
Xpert search results for Industry perspectives in media branding and pXpert search results for Industry perspectives in media branding and p
Mediterranean Yearbook (Med) is a full-text scholarly ejournal. The bulk of the articles here are not relevant to the arts and humanities, but there are occasional themed sections on cultural and media issues. Of particular note is the themed section The Role of the Media in the Mediterranean (four articles in the 2003/2004 issue). Other articles of interest include: Summer Festivals in Morocco: International Influence and a Factor of Social Cohesion; The Influence of Arab Information C ...
https://www.nottingham.ac.uk/xpert/scoreresults.php?keywords=Industry%20perspectives%20in%20media%20branding%20and%20p&start=10400&end=10420
Cannabinoid Modulation of Reinforcement Maintained by Stimulation of t by Jason WiebelhausCannabinoid Modulation of Reinforcement Maintained by Stimulation of t by Jason Wiebelhaus
Cannabinoid agonists, including marijuana containing delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), are found rewarding by humans. In addition to human self-reports and experimental studies that show marijuana is rewarding, contributions from preclinical studies also have implicated cannabinoid receptors in reward-motivated behavior. One way to assess these preclinical effects of cannabinoids is intracranial self-stimulation (ICSS), where an animal performs a response to receive electrical stimulation of a specific brain area or circuit known to be involved in reward. Drugs of abuse, such as psychomotor stimulants, facilitate responding for ICSS. While a few studies have shown facilitating effects of cannabinoids in rats, several have shown the opposite effect, and no studies so far have evaluated cannabinoids in mouse ICSS. Furthermore there are no studies evaluating specific inhibitors of endocannabinoid catabolic enzymes in ICSS in any species. In these studies we assessed the cannabinoid agonist THC, as well
https://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/555/
All Natural: The Rise of Cannabinoid Medicine - Pharmaceutical TechnologyAll Natural: The Rise of Cannabinoid Medicine - Pharmaceutical Technology
With Sativex approved in a number of countries and expected to find approval in many more in the coming months, the concept of cannabinoid medicine has been proved as more than a kooky herbal remedy. The Sativex approval has validated the platform; it says you can make a medicine out of these materials and in this way. So big pharma have said, Fine, thats great; now we understand. I think that you will find a lot more interest in the cannabinoid system now that Sativex has been approved.. So what is the current state of cannabinoid research? As the head of one of the worlds leading cannabinoid research groups, Guy is well-positioned to comment. One of his fundamental tasks is to debunk the myths and preconceptions about this emerging area of science. We have to take more care to provide far more fundamental data than if wed just invented a molecule and said, Look, this is what it does, please accept it. So there is an education process. And its very cultural, very different throughout ...
http://www.pharmaceutical-technology.com/features/feature105046/
Association between cannabinoid CB1 receptor expression and Akt signalling in prostate cancerAssociation between cannabinoid CB1 receptor expression and Akt signalling in prostate cancer
Background: In prostate cancer, tumour expression of cannabinoid CB1 receptors is associated with a poor prognosis. One explanation for this association comes from experiments with transfected astrocytoma cells, where a high CB receptor expression recruits the Akt signalling survival pathway. In the present study, we have investigated the association between CB1 receptor expression and the Akt pathway in a well-characterised prostate cancer tissue microarray.. Methodology/Principal Findings: Phosphorylated Akt immunoreactivity (pAkt-IR) scores were available in the database. CB1 receptor immunoreactivity (CB1IR) was rescored from previously published data using the same scale as pAkt-IR. There was a highly significant correlation between CB1IR and pAkt-IR. Further, cases with high expression levels of both biomarkers were much more likely to have a more severe form of the disease at diagnosis than those with low expression levels. The two biomarkers had additive effects, rather than an ...
http://www.diva-portal.org/smash/record.jsf?pid=diva2:645296
Cannabinoids | Panaxia - Medical Cannabis DivisionCannabinoids | Panaxia - Medical Cannabis Division
Cannabinoids bind the cannabinoid receptors CB1 and CB2, expressed both in the central nervous system as well as in the periphery. The affinity to the receptors varies between the cannabinoid and while some may bind CB1 or CB2, others have the affinity to bind both. Furthermore, some of the cannabinoids act as agonists to the receptor while others exert antagonistic effects. The endogenous ligands of the receptors (endocannabinoids) are lipophilic signaling molecules, similar to the phytocannabinoids.. CB receptors are G-coupled receptors leading to decreased levels of cyclic AMP and thus to an inhibitory effect. They have been shown to possess a role in various physiological and pathological processes. Thus, the endocannabinoid system participate in neurotransmission, neurogenesis, modulation of insulin metabolism, proliferation and immune system modulation. However, it has been shown that cannabinoids exert some of their effects via a non CB receptor dependent mechanism.. ...
http://www.panaxia.co.il/cannabis/scientific-and-clinical-data/scientific-literature/
Male and Female Rats Differ in Brain Cannabinoid CB1 Receptor Density and Function and in Behavioural Traits Predisposing to...Male and Female Rats Differ in Brain Cannabinoid CB1 Receptor Density and Function and in Behavioural Traits Predisposing to...
Title:Male and Female Rats Differ in Brain Cannabinoid CB1 Receptor Density and Function and in Behavioural Traits Predisposing to Drug Addiction: Effect of Ovarian Hormones. VOLUME: 20 ISSUE: 13. Author(s):Maria Paola Castelli, Paola Fadda, Angelo Casu, Maria Sabrina Spano, Alberto Casti, Walter Fratta and Liana Fattore. Affiliation:CNR National Research Council of Italy, Neuroscience Institute - Cagliari, @ Department of Biomedical Sciences, Division of Neuroscience and Clinical Pharmacology, University of Cagliari, Cittadella Universitaria di Monserrato, 09042 Monserrato (Cagliari), Italy.. Keywords:Sex difference, ovariectomy, oestrogen, CB1 receptor and [35S]GTPγS binding, locomotor activity, social interaction, anxiety, prepulse inhibition.. Abstract:Sex-dependent differences are frequently observed in the biological and behavioural effects of substances of abuse, including cannabis. We recently demonstrated a modulating effect of sex and oestrous cycle on cannabinoid-taking and seeking ...
http://www.eurekaselect.com/111830/article
The Chemist | Journal of the American Institute of ChemistsThe Chemist | Journal of the American Institute of Chemists
Contributions from chemistry to the area of life sciences are enormous. Chemicals in natural or synthetic forms have been used in health and clinical areas as long as history can be traced, and advancements in humanitys understanding of the chemical nature of making and breaking bonds have contributed to unprecedented developments in clinical chemistry. A section in this issue of The Chemist is dedicated to the theme Clinical Chemistry edited by Dr. Margot Hall. Dr. Hall was kind enough to solicit manuscripts for this themed section, as well as doing all the hard work associated with the process of editing it. For a summary of the manuscripts in this section, I encourage you to read the guest editorial by Dr. Hall in this issue of the journal. In addition to the themed section on Clinical Chemistry, there are contributions from others. Bethany Davis describes a thought provoking way to encourage the participation of girls in chemistry through exploring the chemistry of makeup. She was invited ...
http://www.theaic.org/pub_thechemist_journals/Vol-87-No-2/Vol-87-No2-Editorial.html
The Chemist | Journal of the American Institute of ChemistsThe Chemist | Journal of the American Institute of Chemists
A section in this issue of The Chemist is dedicated to the theme Clinical Chemistry edited by Dr. Margot Hall. Dr. Hall was kind enough to solicit manuscripts for this themed section, as well as doing all the hard work associated with the process of editing it. For a summary of the manuscripts in this section, I encourage you to read the guest editorial by Dr. Hall in this issue of the journal. In addition to the themed section on Clinical Chemistry, there are contributions from others. Bethany Davis describes a thought provoking way to encourage the participation of girls in chemistry through exploring the chemistry of makeup. She was invited to write this piece in The Chemist based upon her well-known outreach efforts to promote chemistry among girls in schools and colleges. Encouraging the participation of women in general in the sciences is a national priority. On the other topics, Leah Eller presents a review of the book Organic Structure Analysis (second edition), and Kenneth Abate ...
http://www.theaic.org/pub_thechemist_journals/Vol-87-No-2/Vol-87-No-2.html
Acetaminophen is a synthetic cannabinoid - Research ChemicalsAcetaminophen is a synthetic cannabinoid - Research Chemicals
Tylenol/Acetaminophen is a synthetic cannabinoid Its in reality a cannabinoid prodrug. After a few metabolic steps, it reaches the talent and combines with arachidonic acid to shape AM404. Now AM404 is surely a hell of a cannabinoid, and is idea to be responsible for most, if not all of the…
http://www.inquirychemical.com/acetaminophen-is-a-synthetic-cannabinoid/
Peripherally restricted, Dual Target cannabinoid CB1R/ inducible NO synthase (iNOS) inhibitors with improved safety and anti...Peripherally restricted, Dual Target cannabinoid CB1R/ inducible NO synthase (iNOS) inhibitors with improved safety and anti...
Liver fibrosis, a major contributor to liver-related mortality with lack of effective treatment. It is associated with increased activity of the CB1R system, and the CB1R antagonist rimonabant mitigates fibrosis in animal models. However, the antifibrotic efficacy is low, and neuropsychiatric side effects halted its therapeutic development. Liver fibrosis is also associated with increased activity of iNOS, and iNOS inhibitors have been shown to mitigate liver fibrosis. In order to improve the safety and antifibrotic efficacy of CB1R antagonism, we have developed highly potent, orally bioavailable hybrid CB1R antagonists that are behaviorally inactive due to low brain penetrance, and have additional activity as iNOS inhibitors. We have tested the antifibrotic efficacy of the compound in a liver fibrosis induced by bile-duct ligation (BDL). (-)-MRI1867 (CB1R antagonist/iNOS inhibitor) selectively block peripheral CB1R (Ki 2.5 nM) due to its low brain penetrance. (-)-MRI1867 directly inhibits iNOS ...
https://researchfestival.nih.gov/2015/posters/peripherally-restricted-dual-target-cannabinoid-cb1r-inducible-no-synthase
The neutral cannabinoid CB₁ receptor antagonist AM4113 regulates body weight through changes in energy intake in the rat.
The aim of this study was to determine if the neutral cannabinoid CB₁ receptor antagonist, AM4113, regulates body weight in the rat via changes in food intake. We confirmed that the AM4113-induced reduction in food intake is mediated by CB₁ recep
http://www.biomedsearch.com/nih/neutral-cannabinoid-CB1-receptor-antagonist/21056053.html
ResearchResearch
Cannabinoid-1 receptors (CB1R) exist primarily on central and peripheral neurons, where activation of these receptors is associated with regulation of neurotransmitter release.. Cannabinoid-2 receptors (CB2R) are found mainly on immune cells and in selected areas of the nervous system. Drugs targeting these receptors have been demonstrated to have anti-inflammatory actions.. Cannabinoid receptors, endocannabinoids and biosynthetic and degradative enzymes for these endogenous ligands form the endocannabinoid sytem. This important biological system is upregulated during sepsis, suggesting that drugs that modulate the endocannabinoid system may represent a therapeutic target in the treatment of local and systemic inflammation associated with sepsis.. However, to date, experimental studies involving CB1R and CB2R ligands in models of sepsis have been contradictory and it is unclear whether cannabinoids mediate pro- or anti- inflammatory actions, or what the contribution of individual cannabinoid ...
https://medicine.dal.ca/departments/department-sites/anesthesia/research/microcirculation/research.html
Export of Sinkers, Needles and Other Articles Used in Forming Stitches from FinlandExport of Sinkers, Needles and Other Articles Used in Forming Stitches from Finland
In 2017, Export of Sinkers, Needles and Other Articles Used in Forming Stitches from Finland was 5072 US Dollars. Discover more data with NationMaster!
https://www.nationmaster.com/nmx/timeseries/finland-export-of-sinkers-needles-and-other-articles-used-in-forming-stitches
brain endothelial cells Archives - The Cannabis Advisorybrain endothelial cells Archives - The Cannabis Advisory
ABSTRACT: Previous studies have shown that modulation of the receptor-mediated cannabinoid system during neuroinflammation can produce potent neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory effects. However in this context, little is known about how selective activation of the cannabinoid type-2 receptor (CB2R) affects the activated state of the brain endothelium and blood brain ... Continue Reading ...
https://www.thecannabisadvisory.com/tag/brain-endothelial-cells/
Cannabinoid/Terpene Profile - Synergistic Technologies AssociatesCannabinoid/Terpene Profile - Synergistic Technologies Associates
Cannabinoid/Terpene Profile. Cannabinoid profiling during the growing stage enables the identification of plants that might have unique cannabinoid profiles of interest. These plants can provide growers with differentiated products and a competitive advantage in the market. Performing an analysis of compounds like cannabidiolic acid (CBDA) while a plant is still growing provides useful information for the optimization of growing conditions. Terpene profiling is also important as terpenes are primarily responsible for the taste and smell of cannabis. A terpene profile will provide further data in developing differentiated strains or products with optimum organoleptic qualities.. ...
https://synergistictechassociates.com/testing/cannabinoid-terpene-profile/
Effects of the cannabinoid CB1 receptor antagonist SR141716A on the behavior of pigeons and rats | SpringerLinkEffects of the cannabinoid CB1 receptor antagonist SR141716A on the behavior of pigeons and rats | SpringerLink
SR141716A (Sanofi Recherche), a pyrazole derivative with high affinity for rat and human CB1 cannabinoid receptors, has recently been reported to reverse biochemical, physiological and behavioral effe
https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2FBF02247436
Rimonabant: A Cannabinoid Receptor Type 1 Blocker for Management of Multiple Cardiometabolic Risk Factors | JACC: Journal of...Rimonabant: A Cannabinoid Receptor Type 1 Blocker for Management of Multiple Cardiometabolic Risk Factors | JACC: Journal of...
Cannabinoids have long been known to have potent psychotropic actions, but their wide-ranging effects on the cardiovascular system are just beginning to be unraveled.. In anesthetized rat models, intravenously administered anandamide produces a triphasic hemodynamic response (28): a brief period of vagally mediated bradycardia and hypotension, followed by a transitory pressor reaction, and a relatively prolonged vasodepressor response. The latter is the dominant effect of anandamide in animal models, and it results from CB1-mediated inhibition of norepinephrine release from presynaptic nerve terminals (29). In humans, acute administration of the cannabinoids produces vasodilation and tachycardia with a variable net effect on systemic blood pressure (30), but long-term use of THC results in CB1-mediated hypotension and bradycardia (31,32).. Although CB1receptors are mostly expressed on the neuronal terminals, there is evidence showing that other cell types express these receptors and participate ...
http://www.onlinejacc.org/content/47/10/1919
Molecular-interaction and signaling profiles of AM3677, a novel covalent agonist selective for the cannabinoid 1 receptorMolecular-interaction and signaling profiles of AM3677, a novel covalent agonist selective for the cannabinoid 1 receptor
The cannabinoid 1 receptor (CB1R) is one of the most abundant G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) in the central nervous system. CB1R involvement in multiple physiological processes, especially neurotransmitter release and synaptic function, has made this GPCR a prime drug discovery target, and pharmacological CB1R activation has been demonstrated to be a tenable therapeutic modality. Accordingly, the design and profiling of novel, drug-like CB1R modulators to inform the receptors ligand-interaction landscape and molecular pharmacology constitute a prime contemporary research focus. For this purpose, we report utilization of AM3677, a designer endocannabinoid (anandamide) analogue derivatized with a reactive electrophilic isothiocyanate functionality, as a covalent, CB1R-selective chemical probe. The data demonstrate that reaction of AM3677 with a cysteine residue in transmembrane helix 6 of human CB1R (hCB1R), C6.47(355), is a key feature of AM3677s ligand-binding motif. Pharmacologically, ...
https://vivo.scripps.edu/display/e2n259603
October 2019 - OilyCadre
The limited effectiveness of current therapies against Alzheimers disease (AD) highlights the need for intensifying research efforts devoted to developing new agents for preventing or retarding the disease process. During the last few years, targeting the endogenous cannabinoid system has emerged as a potential therapeutic approach to treat Alzheimer. The endocannabinoid system is composed by a number of cannabinoid receptors, including the well-characterized CB1 and CB2 receptors, with their endogenous ligands and the enzymes related to the synthesis and degradation of these endocannabinoid compounds. ...
https://oilycadre.com/blog/2019/10/
reagents-immunoassay-rapid-test-drug-of-abuse-cannabinoidmetabolite
Definition : Immunoassay reagents intended to perform qualitative analyses on a body fluid sample (typically urine) to detect cannabinoid levels and/or cannabinoid metabolite levels in a short period of time, typically several minutes.. Entry Terms : Metabolite Determination Reagents, Cannabinoid, Rapid Test , Marijuana Rapid Test Determination Reagents , Marijuana Determination Reagents , Hashish Rapid Test Determination Reagents , Hashish Determination Reagents , Cannabinoid Determination Reagents , Cannabinoid Metabolite Reagents, Rapid Test , Cannabinoid Determination Reagents, Rapid Test , Reagents, Immunoassay, Rapid Test, Drug-of-Abuse, Cannabinoid/Metabolite. UMDC code : 20118 ...
http://productguide.ophthalmologymanagement.com/term/5834/reagents-immunoassay-rapid-test-drug-of-abuse-cannabinoidmetabolite
Could AM6545, a peripheral CB antagonist have therapeutic potential? | NeurobitesCould AM6545, a peripheral CB antagonist have therapeutic potential? | Neurobites
Not too long ago, a drug called rimonabant seemed to be just such a magic bullet. Rimonabant blocked the receptors in the body that are sensitive to cannabinoids like THC. There are two known varieties of cannabinoid receptors, by the way, CB1 and CB2, though they stand among other multi-purpose receptors that are sensitive to…
https://neurobites.wordpress.com/2011/11/07/could-am6545-a-peripheral-cb-antagonist-have-therapeutic-potential/
2018-2019 Undergraduate Awardee: Wesley Corey - FABBS2018-2019 Undergraduate Awardee: Wesley Corey - FABBS
α-Pinene is a monoterpene found in conifers and believed to enhance memory (Perry et al., 2000). α-Pinene did alter neurotransmission, but like limonene, it did reduced CB1 signaling (F(6,84)=3.198, P=0.0071).. Discussion. Terpenoids are cannabinoid-associated terpenes that are continuing to find their way into consumer interests due to their often-claimed therapeutic benefits, though there is little understanding of their actual effects on cannabinoid signaling. We tested several of the more widely promoted terpenes: myrcene, linalool, limonene, α-pinene, and nerolidol in a well-characterized neuronal model that utilizes endogenous cannabinoid signaling. Our chief findings are that most terpenoids either had no effect, or a modest inhibitory effect on cannabinoid signaling at 1μM. The exception was nerolidol, which had dual, opposing effects. Nerolidol reduced cannabinoid signaling, likely by inhibiting endocannabinoid synthesis, but also enhanced maximal CB1 signaling. This suggests that ...
https://fabbs.org/honoring-our-scientists/research-excellence-awards/undergraduate/2019-wesley-corey/
Synthesis and pharmacology of a hybrid cannabinoid | RTISynthesis and pharmacology of a hybrid cannabinoid | RTI
A pentacyclic hybrid cannabinoid (4) has been synthesized, which combines structural elements of traditional cannabinoids and cannabmimetic indoles. Cannabinoid 4 contains a 1-pentylindole structure fused to the 2,3-positions of the partially reduced hydroxydibenzopyran system of THC. The successful approach to 4 employed 9-benzoyl-5,7-dimethoxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydrocarbazole (17) as the starting material.
https://www.rti.org/publication/synthesis-and-pharmacology-hybrid-cannabinoid
cb750 alternator upgrade
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http://www.theasueclub.com/um88vs/cb750-alternator-upgrade-a01ffe
PostpartumPostpartum
To get a free copy of An Easy Guide to Breastfeeding for African American Women, visit http://www.womenshealth.gov/pub/BF.AA.pdf.. National Breastfeeding Hotline 1-800-994-9662 (Available 9 a.m. - 6 p.m. M-F, EST). African American Breastfeeding Alliance 1-877-532-8535. International Board Certified Lactation Consultant-To find an IBCLC near you, visit http://www.ilca.org. La Leche League International 1-800-LA LECHE or 1-847-519-7730 or visit http://www.lalecheleague.org. La Leche League International has trained mothers who have breastfed their own babies known as La Leche League Leaders. These women are available to answer any and all questions about breastfeeding. The local La Leche League contact information for Memphis, TN is: LLL of Memphis East Melanie 901-324-8215. LLL of Germantown Emily 901-685-8832. Phone Help from LLL: Anne 901-251-9036 - phone help only LLL of Memphis East meets on the first Thursday of each month at 10:30 a.m. at the St. Johns Episcopal Church - Family Life ...
http://amaxx.us/Postpartum
themed cocktails | Toot Sweetsthemed cocktails | Toot Sweets
A premium White rum, a refreshing locally hand-made lime & mint lemonade, lots of ice cubes, some fresh mint and a dash of sugar syrup.. We had sourced a local popcorn maker who provided us with a large bag of salted popcorn and a large bag of sweet popcorn. To keep with the theme we found some great red and white circus themed paper bags and on arrival we bagged up all the popcorn for the bar and left these in large baskets so guests could help themselves. As the client had requested bags of sweets for the guests a trip to the local sweet shop resulted in a great selection of retro sweets which we bagged up and again placed in large baskets on the bartop.. Welcome drinks of champagne were poured out as guests arrived so it was fresh, cold and sparkling. Lee had requested we buy the Veuve Clicquot Champagne to serve guests and we provided Sparkling Elderflower for those who were non-drinkers and / or driving.. Staff dressed up in circus themed outfits including Sarah who had gone above and ...
http://thetootsweetsvan.co.uk/tag/themed-cocktails/
Photodissociation and reaction dynamics PCCP themed collection now online and free to access - PCCP BlogPhotodissociation and reaction dynamics PCCP themed collection now online and free to access - PCCP Blog
We are delighted to announce that the Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics (PCCP) themed collection Photodissociation and reaction dynamics is now online and free to access until 1 October 2019.. Guest-edited by Andrew Orr-Ewing (University of Bristol), this themed issue highlights the latest research in the fundamental mechanisms of photochemical and chemical reactions in the gas and liquid phases, featuring both experimental and theoretical studies. ...
https://blogs.rsc.org/cp/2019/07/22/photodissociation-and-reaction-dynamics-pccp-themed-collection-now-online-and-free-to-access/
Themed Collection now online - Catalysis in Flow Chemistry - Catalysis Science & Technology BlogThemed Collection now online - Catalysis in Flow Chemistry - Catalysis Science & Technology Blog
The themed issue, Catalysis in Flow Chemistry, guest-edited by Steven Ley (University of Cambridge), features key contributions on the use of catalysis in flow chemistry applications. This important developing area of science encompasses homogeneous, heterogeneous and enigmatic systems, with an emphasis on using continuous flow based technologies.. Read the full themed collection here. ...
http://blogs.rsc.org/cy/2016/08/03/themed-collection-now-online-catalysis-in-flow-chemistry/
Tamoxifen-inducible genetic inactivation of cannabinoid | Open-iTamoxifen-inducible genetic inactivation of cannabinoid | Open-i
Tamoxifen-inducible genetic inactivation of cannabinoid type 1 (CB1) receptor in TPH2-positive neurons. (A) Schematic illustrations of CB1fl/fl allele before (a
https://openi.nlm.nih.gov/detailedresult.php?img=PMC4558975_fnbeh-09-00235-g0001&req=4
Deletion Of CB2 Cannabinoid Receptor Induces Schizophrenia-Related Behaviors In Mice | 420 Magazine ®Deletion Of CB2 Cannabinoid Receptor Induces Schizophrenia-Related Behaviors In Mice | 420 Magazine ®
Abstract The possible role of the CB2 receptor (CB2r) in psychiatric disorders has been considered. Several animal models use knockout (KO) mice that...
https://www.420magazine.com/community/threads/deletion-of-cb2-cannabinoid-receptor-induces-schizophrenia-related-behaviors-in-mice.181928/
THCv: All About This Obscure Cannabinoid | GanjapreneurTHCv: All About This Obscure Cannabinoid | Ganjapreneur
THCV is a cannabinoid that has garnered much attention for its ability to suppress appetite. The obscure compound is explored and explained in this post.
https://www.ganjapreneur.com/what-is-thcv/
4-cyano-1-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-5-(4-methoxyphenyl)-N-(piperidin-1-yl)-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxamide Summary Report | CureHunter4-cyano-1-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-5-(4-methoxyphenyl)-N-(piperidin-1-yl)-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxamide Summary Report | CureHunter
4-cyano-1-(2,4-dichlorophenyl)-5-(4-methoxyphenyl)-N-(piperidin-1-yl)-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxamide: a CB1 cannabinoid receptor radioligand for PET imaging
http://www.curehunter.com/public/keywordSummaryC515663-4-cyano-1--2-4-dichlorophenyl--5--4-methoxyphenyl--N--piperidin-1-yl--1H-pyrazole-3-carboxamide.do
Corrigendum] Cannabinoid WIN55, 212-2 induces cell cycle arrest and inhibits the proliferation and migration of human BEL7402...Corrigendum] Cannabinoid WIN55, 212-2 induces cell cycle arrest and inhibits the proliferation and migration of human BEL7402...
Mol Med Rep 12: [Related article:] 7963-7970, 2015; DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2015.4477. Following the publication of this article, an interested reader drew to our attention an anomaly associated with the presentation of Fig. 4B. The images captured at the 0 h time point, illustrating the addition of the synthetic cannabinoid, WIN55, 212-2 (WIN), to the BEL7402 hepatocellular carcinoma cells (at concentrations of 5 and 10 µM; upper panels, the centre image and the right image, respectively) were inadvertently selected from the same original image. An error was made during the compilation of this Figure, and an incorrect image was selected for Fig. 4B, the upper right panel (showing the addition of 10 µM WIN). A corrected version of Fig 4 is presented, showing the correct data for Fig. 4B, which pertain to the 0 h time point on addition of 10 µM WIN to the cells. This error did not affect the overall conclusions reported in the present study. We sincerely apologize for this mistake, and thank the ...
https://www.spandidos-publications.com/mmr/13/1/1054
Research programme: anti-inflammatory cannabinoids - Pharmaxis - AdisInsightResearch programme: anti-inflammatory cannabinoids - Pharmaxis - AdisInsight
Pharmaxis in Australia was actively engaged in a research programme focused on developing orally-available, synthetic selective cannabinoid receptor ligands,
http://adisinsight.springer.com/drugs/800021746?error=cookies_not_supported&code=fe6bdcc9-05c2-491d-9a0f-e77f23b80ef9
OTHER ARTICLES NOTED (25 Oct 02 to 17 Jan 03) | Evidence-Based NursingOTHER ARTICLES NOTED (25 Oct 02 to 17 Jan 03) | Evidence-Based Nursing
A list of the journals that are reviewed and the criteria for selecting articles from these journals for inclusion in Evidence-Based Nursing are included in each issue. The following articles passed all criteria but were not abstracted because, in the judgment of the editors, their findings were less widely applicable to nursing practice, the topic was of interest to only a select group of nurse specialists, or the topic was recently addressed in another abstract. ...
http://ebn.bmj.com/content/6/2/e1?related-urls=yes&legid=ebnurs%3B6%2F2%2Fe1
OTHER ARTICLES NOTED (25 Oct 02 to 17 Jan 03) | Evidence-Based NursingOTHER ARTICLES NOTED (25 Oct 02 to 17 Jan 03) | Evidence-Based Nursing
A list of the journals that are reviewed and the criteria for selecting articles from these journals for inclusion in Evidence-Based Nursing are included in each issue. The following articles passed all criteria but were not abstracted because, in the judgment of the editors, their findings were less widely applicable to nursing practice, the topic was of interest to only a select group of nurse specialists, or the topic was recently addressed in another abstract. ...
http://ebn.bmj.com/content/6/2/e1.full
Other ArticlesOther Articles
The Kidney Dialysis Foundation (KDF) is a non-profit charitable organisation that provides subsidised dialysis treatment to needy members of our community.
http://www.kdf.org.sg/education/health-guides/65-other-articles
Chronic activation of cannabinoid receptors in vitro does not compromise mouse islet function | Clinical Science | Portland...Chronic activation of cannabinoid receptors in vitro does not compromise mouse islet function | Clinical Science | Portland...
We have demonstrated previously that mouse and human islets express ECS (endocannabinoid system) elements, and that short-term activation of islet cannabinoid CB1r and CB2r (cannabinoid type 1 and 2 receptors respectively) stimulates insulin secretion in vitro. There is evidence that the ECS is overactive in Type 2 diabetes, impairing glucose homoeostasis, but little is known about whether it is implicated in islet dysfunction. Therefore the aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of chronic exposure of isolated mouse islets to cannabinoid receptor agonists on islet gene expression and function. Quantitative RT-PCR (reverse transcription-PCR) indicated that mRNAs encoding synthesis [NAPE-PLD (N-acyl-phosphatidyl ethanolamide-hydrolysing phospholipase D)] and degradation [FAAH (fatty acid amide hydrolase)] of the endocannabinoid AEA (anandamide) were the most abundant ECS elements in mouse islets, with much lower levels of CB1r, CB2r, DAGL (diacylglycerol lipase) and MAGL ...
https://portlandpress.com/clinsci/article-abstract/124/7/467/69142/Chronic-activation-of-cannabinoid-receptors
Cannabinoid ligand-receptor signaling in the mouse uterus | PNASCannabinoid ligand-receptor signaling in the mouse uterus | PNAS
Using RNA (Northern) blot hybridization and reverse transcription-PCR, we demonstrate that the brain-type cannabinoid receptor (CB1-R) mRNA, but not the spleen-type cannabinoid receptor (CB2-R) mRNA, is expressed in the mouse uterus and that this organ has the capacity to synthesize the putative endogenous cannabinoid ligand, anandamide (arachidonylethanolamide). The psychoactive cannabinoid component of marijuana--delta 9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC)--or anandamide, but not the inactive and nonpsychoactive cannabidiol (CBD), inhibited forskolin-stimulated cyclic AMP formation in the mouse uterus, which was prevented by pertussis toxin pretreatment. These results suggest that uterine CB1-R is coupled to inhibitory guanine nucleotide-binding protein and is biologically active. Autoradiographic studies identified ligand binding sites ([3H]anandamide) in the uterine epithelium and stromal cells, suggesting that these cells are perhaps the targets for cannabinoid action. Scatchard analysis of the ...
https://www.pnas.org/content/92/10/4332
Frontiers | Cannabinoid Receptor Type 1 Expression in the Developing Avian Retina: Morphological and Functional Correlation...Frontiers | Cannabinoid Receptor Type 1 Expression in the Developing Avian Retina: Morphological and Functional Correlation...
The avian retina has been used as a model to study signaling by different neuro- and gliotransmitters. It is unclear how dopaminergic and cannabinoid systems are related in the retina. Here we studied the expression of type 1 and 2 cannabinoid receptors (CB1 and CB2), as well as monoacylglycerol lipase (MAGL), the enzyme that degrades 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG), during retina development. Our data show that CB1 receptor is highly expressed from embryonic day 5 (E5) until post hatched day 7 (PE7), decreasing its levels throughout development. CB1 is densely found in the ganglion cell layer (GCL) and inner plexiform layer (IPL). CB2 receptor was also found from E5 until PE7 with a decrease in its contents from E9 afterwards. CB2 was mainly present in the lamination of the IPL at PE7. MAGL is expressed in all retinal layers, mainly in the IPL and OPL from E9 to PE7 retina. CB1 and CB2 were found both in neurons and glia cells, but MAGL was only expressed in Müller glia. Older retinas (PE7) show CB1
https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fncel.2018.00058/full
Mechanism of Cannabinoid Effects on Long-Term Potentiation and Depression in Hippocampal CA1 Neurons | Journal of NeuroscienceMechanism of Cannabinoid Effects on Long-Term Potentiation and Depression in Hippocampal CA1 Neurons | Journal of Neuroscience
Previous experiments have shown that LTP of field potential recordings in the hippocampus is blocked by cannabinoid receptor activation (Nowicky et al., 1987; Collins et al., 1994, 1995; Terranova et al., 1995). This inhibition could be caused by a direct effect on the protein(s) involved in long-term synaptic plasticity. Activation of cannabinoid receptors has been found to inhibit the production of cAMP via activation of a G-protein to which the receptor is coupled (Bidaut-Russell et al., 1990; Deadwyler et al., 1995). This decrease in cAMP could, in turn, reduce the activity of cAMP-dependent protein kinase, which has been identified as an important modulator of LTP (Brandon et al., 1997). Other direct effects on proteins involved in LTP and LTD are possible. However, cannabinoid receptor-mediated G-protein activation is also known to inhibit release of neurotransmitter in cultured hippocampal neurons (Shen et al., 1996). To determine whether cannabinoid receptor activation inhibits long-term ...
http://www.jneurosci.org/content/19/16/6795.long
Cannabinoid Receptors and AD: Searching Beyond the Simple Story | ALZFORUMCannabinoid Receptors and AD: Searching Beyond the Simple Story | ALZFORUM
In a well-publicized article in the February 23, 2005 issue of the Journal of Neuroscience, researchers from Spain describe changes in cannabinoid receptors in the brains of AD patients, as well as animal behavioral and in-vitro data suggesting that cannabinoid agonists can protect neurons by reducing microglial activation.. The headlines on this study were predictably tantalizing (see, for example, Marijuana May Block Alzheimers), but also misleading. The mass media stories barely dug beyond the papers stated implication that marijuanas active ingredients could stem the progression of neurodegeneration. In reality, however, the story is more complicated and still unfolding. To begin with, two cannabinoid receptors have been identified. CB1 is the major type in brain, expressed by all types of nervous system cells, and apparently responsible for the psychoactive effects of the drug. CB2 is mainly expressed in immune system cells, but also in microglia (Benito et al., 2003), and may mediate ...
https://www.alzforum.org/news/research-news/cannabinoid-receptors-and-ad-searching-beyond-simple-story
Regulation of hippocampal cannabinoid CB1 receptor actions by adenosine A1 receptors and chronic caffeine administration:...Regulation of hippocampal cannabinoid CB1 receptor actions by adenosine A1 receptors and chronic caffeine administration:...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Regulation of hippocampal cannabinoid CB1 receptor actions by adenosine A1 receptors and chronic caffeine administration. T2 - implications for the effects of Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol on spatial memory. AU - Sousa, Vasco C. AU - Assaife-Lopes, Natália. AU - Ribeiro, Joaquim A. AU - Pratt, Judith A. AU - Brett, Ros R. AU - Sebastião, Ana M. PY - 2011. Y1 - 2011. N2 - The cannabinoid CB(1) receptor-mediated modulation of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) release from inhibitory interneurons is important for the integrity of hippocampal-dependent spatial memory. Although adenosine A(1) receptors have a central role in fine-tuning excitatory transmission in the hippocampus, A(1) receptors localized in GABAergic cells do not directly influence GABA release. CB(1) and A(1) receptors are the main targets for the effects of two of the most heavily consumed psychoactive substances worldwide: Δ(9)-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC, a CB(1) receptor agonist) and caffeine (an adenosine receptor ...
https://pureportal.strath.ac.uk/en/publications/regulation-of-hippocampal-cannabinoid-cb1-receptor-actions-by-ade
Download JNP Podcasts - Cannabinoid receptor-mediated modulation of inhibitory inputs to mitral cells in the main olfactory...Download JNP Podcasts - Cannabinoid receptor-mediated modulation of inhibitory inputs to mitral cells in the main olfactory...
What is the role of cannabinoid receptor type 1 (CB1) in olfactory processing? In this podcast, Editor-in-Chief Bill Yates talks with Thomas Heinbockel (Howard University) and Alex Straiker (Indiana University, Bloomington) about their recent study in mice, which revealed that CB1 is involved in the regulation of glomerular activity in the main olfactory bulb (MOB). Listen to learn about the endocannabinoid system, mitral cells, implications for olfactory behavior, and more!. Cannabinoid receptor-mediated modulation of inhibitory inputs to mitral cells in the main olfactory ...
https://www.podbean.com/site/EpisodeDownload/PBBE3675XIGXF
Modulation of CB1 Cannabinoid Receptor Functions after a Long-Term Exposure to Agonist or Inverse Agonist in the Chinese...Modulation of CB1 Cannabinoid Receptor Functions after a Long-Term Exposure to Agonist or Inverse Agonist in the Chinese...
We have investigated the adaptive changes of the human central cannabinoid receptor (CB1) stably expressed in Chinese hamster ovary cells (CHO-CB1), after agonist (CP 55,940) or selective CB1 inverse agonist (SR 141716) treatment. CB1 receptor density and affinity constant as measured by binding assays with both tritiated ligands remained essentially unchanged after varying period exposure of CHO-CB1 cells (from 30 min to 72 hr) to saturating concentrations of CP 55,940 or SR 141716. However, using a C-myc-tagged version of the CB1 receptor, FACS analysis and confocal microscopy studies on CB1 expression indicated that the agonist promoted a disappearance of cell surface receptor although inverse agonist increased its cell surface density. Taken together these results suggest that 1) agonist induces internalization of the receptor into a cellular compartment that would be still accessible to both the hydrophobic ligands CP 55,940 or SR 141716; 2) inverse-agonist promotes externalization of the ...
http://jpet.aspetjournals.org/content/287/3/1038.abstract
Tetrahydrocannabinol - WikipediaTetrahydrocannabinol - Wikipedia
The actions of THC result from its partial agonist activity at the cannabinoid receptor CB1 (Ki = 10 nM[20]), located mainly in the central nervous system, and the CB2 receptor (Ki = 24 nM[20]), mainly expressed in cells of the immune system.[21] The psychoactive effects of THC are primarily mediated by the activation of cannabinoid receptors, which result in a decrease in the concentration of the second messenger molecule cAMP through inhibition of adenylate cyclase.[22]. The presence of these specialized cannabinoid receptors in the brain led researchers to the discovery of endocannabinoids, such as anandamide and 2-arachidonoyl glyceride (2-AG). THC targets receptors in a manner far less selective than endocannabinoid molecules released during retrograde signaling, as the drug has a relatively low cannabinoid receptor efficacy and affinity. In populations of low cannabinoid receptor density, THC may act to antagonize endogenous agonists that possess greater receptor efficacy.[23] THC is a ...
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/THC
Characterisation of the cannabinoid receptor system in synovial tissue and fluid in patients with osteoarthritis and rheumatoid...Characterisation of the cannabinoid receptor system in synovial tissue and fluid in patients with osteoarthritis and rheumatoid...
Cannabis-based medicines have a number of therapeutic indications, including anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects. The endocannabinoid receptor system, including the cannabinoid receptor 1 (CB1) and receptor 2 (CB2) and the endocannabinoids, are implicated in a wide range of physiological and pathophysiological processes. Pre-clinical and clinical studies have demonstrated that cannabis-based drugs have therapeutic potential in inflammatory diseases, including rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and multiple sclerosis. The aim of this study was to determine whether the key elements of the endocannabinoid signalling system, which produces immunosuppression and analgesia, are expressed in the synovia of patients with osteoarthritis (OA) or RA. Thirty-two OA and 13 RA patients undergoing total knee arthroplasty were included in this study. Clinical staging was conducted from x-rays scored according to Kellgren-Lawrence and Larsen scales, and synovitis of synovial biopsies was graded. Endocannabinoid levels were
https://arthritis-research.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/ar2401
Cannabinoid | Article about cannabinoid by The Free DictionaryCannabinoid | Article about cannabinoid by The Free Dictionary
Looking for cannabinoid? Find out information about cannabinoid. Any one of the various chemical constituents of cannabis , that is, the isomeric tetrahydrocannabinols, cannabinol, and cannabidiol Explanation of cannabinoid
http://encyclopedia2.thefreedictionary.com/cannabinoid
The influence of cannabinoids on generic traits of neurodegenerationThe influence of cannabinoids on generic traits of neurodegeneration
In an increasingly ageing population, the incidence of neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimers disease, Parkinsons disease and Huntingtons disease are rising. While the aetiologies of these disorders are different, a number of common mechanisms that underlie their neurodegenerative components have been elucidated; namely neuroinflammation, excitotoxicity, mitochondrial dysfunction and reduced trophic support. Current therapies focus on treatment of the symptoms and attempt to delay the progression of these diseases but there is currently no cure. Modulation of the endogenous cannabinoid system is emerging as a potentially viable option in the treatment of neurodegeneration. Endocannabinoid signalling has been found to be altered in many neurodegenerative disorders. To this end, pharmacological manipulation of the endogenous cannabinoid system, as well as application of phytocannabinoids and synthetic cannabinoids have been investigated. Signalling from the CB1 and CB2 receptors are ...
http://www.cannabismedicinal.com.ar/cannabis-medicinal/investigacion/parkinson/331-the-influence-of-cannabinoids-on-generic-traits-of-neurodegeneration
Cannabinoid Receptor Type 1 - Expression - Brain - Basal Ganglia | Technology Trends
Basal Ganglia. CB1 receptors are expressed throughout the basal ganglia and have well established effects on movement in rodents. As in the hippocampus, these receptors inhibit the release of glutamate or GABA transmitter, resulting in decreased excitation or reduced inhibition based on the cell they are expressed in. Consistent with the variable expression of both excitatory glutamate and inhibitory GABA interneurons in both the basal ganglias direct and indirect motor loops, synthetic cannabinoids are known to influence this system in a dose-dependent triphasic pattern. Decreased locomotor activity is seen at both higher and lower concentrations of applied cannabinoids, while an enhancement of movement may occur upon moderate dosages. However, these dose-dependent effects have been studied predominately in rodents and the physiological basis for this triphasic pattern warrants future research in humans. Effects may vary based on the site of cannabinoid application, input from higher cortical ...
http://www.primidi.com/cannabinoid_receptor_type_1/expression/brain/basal_ganglia
Indol-3-ylcycloalkyl Ketones: Effects of N1 Substituted Indole Side Chain Variations on CB(2) Cannabinoid Receptor Activity -...Indol-3-ylcycloalkyl Ketones: Effects of N1 Substituted Indole Side Chain Variations on CB(2) Cannabinoid Receptor Activity -...
Several 3-acylindoles with high affinity for the CB(2) cannabinoid receptor and selectivity over the CB(1) receptor have been prepared. A variety of 3-acyl substituents were investigated, and the tetramethylcyclopropyl group was found to lead to high affinity CB(2) agonists (5, 16). Substitution at …
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19921781/
An Introduction To Cannabinoid Signaling On The Skin - LA WeeklyAn Introduction To Cannabinoid Signaling On The Skin - LA Weekly
The cannabinoid signaling plays a significant role in controlling the local immune response on the skin. It has been found from research that endocannabinoids and phytocannabinoids modulated immune fluctuations. The homeostatic signaling of the ECS through its receptors CB1 and CB2 helps keep the production and release of pro-inflammatory cytokines and chemokines under control.. Cannabidiol (CBD) positively influences the endocannabinoid system (ECS) through its receptors CB1 and CB2. Due to this, it produces an anti-inflammatory effect when applied topically for cutaneous inflammation. Apart from this, other cannabinoids found in the hemp plant like cannabigerol (CBG), cannabichromene (CBC), CBGV, CBDV, And THCV are also known to produce anti-inflammatory effects when applied to the skin.. Apart from the above-mentioned skincare effects, the high lipid content of cannabidiol products like CBD oil helps to soothe the skin when applied topically. Also, the antioxidants contained in it helps with ...
https://www.laweekly.com/an-introduction-to-cannabinoid-signaling-on-the-skin/
Cannabinoid Complex Review: Boulder Botanicals CBD for Anxiety, Pain - Supplements ScoreCardCannabinoid Complex Review: Boulder Botanicals CBD for Anxiety, Pain - Supplements ScoreCard
Cannabinoid Complex by Boulder Botanicals: Is it legal? How effective is this full spectrum phytocannabinoid formula? How does Cannabinoid Complex work? Is this CBD supplement safe? Read this and more in our full review of Boulder Botanicals Cannabinoid Complex.
http://supplements-score-card.com/cannabinoid-complex-reviews-boulder-botanicals-cbd/
Export of Sinkers, Needles and Other Articles Used in Forming Stitches from PakistanExport of Sinkers, Needles and Other Articles Used in Forming Stitches from Pakistan
In 2018, Export of Sinkers, Needles and Other Articles Used in Forming Stitches from Pakistan was 6794 US Dollars. Discover more data with NationMaster!
https://www.nationmaster.com/nmx/timeseries/pakistan-export-of-sinkers-needles-and-other-articles-used-in-forming-stitches
Modulation of mRNA Expression of Monoacylglycerol Lipase Diacylglycerol Lipase and Cannabinoid Receptor-1 in Mice...
Toxoplasma gondii, an obligate intracellular parasite, infects more than 30% of world's population. This parasite is considered to be neurotropic, and has high tropism for the central nervous system, and potentially induces cryptogenic epilepsy by no clear mechanism. The current study aimed to investigate the alteration of the main components ...
https://ijmcmed.org/browse.php?a_id=1564&sid=1&slc_lang=en
Themed Bedding | Shop Themed Duvet Cover Sets | Terrys FabricsThemed Bedding | Shop Themed Duvet Cover Sets | Terrys Fabrics
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Effect of melilotus extract on lung injury by upregulating the expression of cannabinoid CB2 receptors in septic rats | BMC...Effect of melilotus extract on lung injury by upregulating the expression of cannabinoid CB2 receptors in septic rats | BMC...
M. Suaveolens Ledeb has long been used in China to treat inflammatory infectious diseases. Melilotus is extracted from Melilotus Suaveolens Ledeb and its therapeutic potential is associated with its anti-inflammatory activity. However, the precise mechanisms underlying its effects are unknown. This study was conducted to evaluate the protective effects of melilotus extract in a rat cecal ligation and puncture (CLP)-induced animal model of acute lung injury (ALI). A sepsis model was induced by CLP-like lung inflammation. Two hours prior to CLP administration, the treatment group was administered melilotus extract via oral injection. RT-PCR and Western blotting were used to test the expression of cannabinoid receptor (CB)2, NF-κβ and IκB from single peripheral blood mononuclear cells and lung tissues respectively. Enzyme linked immune sorbent assay was used to detect serum levels of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-6, IL-10, and IL-12. The numbers of neutrophils, lymphocytes,
https://bmccomplementmedtherapies.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1472-6882-14-94/tables/4
Cannabinoid Receptors: CBD1 & CBD2 Receptors | CBD Oil BiologicalCannabinoid Receptors: CBD1 & CBD2 Receptors | CBD Oil Biological
The cannabinoid receptors are cells spread throughout your body and there are at least two types of receptors that work as part of your endocannabinoid
https://www.cbdoil.bio/cannabinoid-receptors/?page&pagename=cannabinoid-receptors&add_to_wishlist=706
Control of glutamate release by complexes of adenosine and cannabinoid receptors | BMC Biology | Full TextControl of glutamate release by complexes of adenosine and cannabinoid receptors | BMC Biology | Full Text
It has been hypothesized that heteromers of adenosine A2A receptors (A2AR) and cannabinoid CB1 receptors (CB1R) localized in glutamatergic nerve terminals mediate the integration of adenosine and endocannabinoid signaling involved in the modulation of striatal excitatory neurotransmission. Previous studies have demonstrated the existence of A2AR-CB1R heteromers in artificial cell systems. A dependence of A2AR signaling for the Gi protein-mediated CB1R signaling was described as one of its main biochemical characteristics. However, recent studies have questioned the localization of functionally significant A2AR-CB1R heteromers in striatal glutamatergic terminals. Using a peptide-interfering approach combined with biophysical and biochemical techniques in mammalian transfected cells and computational modeling, we could establish a tetrameric quaternary structure of the A2AR-CB1R heterotetramer. This quaternary structure was different to the also tetrameric structure of heteromers of A2AR with adenosine A1
https://bmcbiol.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12915-020-0739-0
Just How Cannabinoid Receptors Unlock Relief Of Pain and much more | Maithani Computers
Just How Cannabinoid Receptors Unlock Relief Of Pain and much more Youve heard the narrative that is well-worn Cannabis and cannabinoids are bad for you
http://www.maithanicomputers.com/cbd-oil-rating-net/just-how-cannabinoid-receptors-unlock-relief-of-4/
VBIO Receives DEA Approval for Cannabinoid Pharma Development Facility | Penny Stock ObserverVBIO Receives DEA Approval for Cannabinoid Pharma Development Facility | Penny Stock Observer
Approval of cannaboside pharmaceutical research included review by FDA and California Research Advisory Panel. LOS ANGELES, CA-(Marketwired - Dec 21, 2016) - Vitality Biopharma, Inc. (OTCQB: VBIO) (Vitality Biopharma, Vitality, or the Company), a corporation dedicated to the development of cannabinoid prodrug pharmaceuticals, and to unlocking the power of cannabinoids for the treatment of serious neurological and inflammatory disorders, today announced that it has received approval from both the U.S. Drug Enforcement Agency (DEA) and the State of California Research Advisory Panel which permits the Company to scale up activities at its facilities used for the development of novel cannabinoid pharmaceutical prodrugs.. Vitality has been working with the DEA to ensure adequate on-site measures are in place to prevent diversion of Schedule I controlled substances. As a component of this process, Vitalitys preclinical studies for its proprietary prodrugs of CBD and THC were reviewed and ...
http://www.pennystockobserver.com/vbio-receives-dea-approval-cannabinoid-pharma-development-facility/11502/
MAPS Archives | Surviving MesotheliomaMAPS Archives | Surviving Mesothelioma
The first patient has been treated in the trial of a new drug that might help people suffering from mesothelioma-related weight loss. The drug is a synthetic cannabinoid called ART27.13. A cannabinoid is a compound that acts on the CB1 and CB2 receptors of the endocannabinoid system. There are a number of cannabinoid drugs on the market. But several of them have significant side effects, including effects on the brain. Preclinical data on ART27.13 suggest that it may stimulate the appetite and counter mesothelioma-related weight loss with fewer unwanted side effects. The Cancer Appetite Recovery Study (CAReS) is a Phase I trial to test it in people. The Danger of Mesothelioma-Related Weight Loss Over 60 percent of late-stage cancer patients … Continue reading Mesothelioma-Related Weight Loss: Synthetic Cannabinoid Might Help ». ...
https://survivingmesothelioma.com/tag/maps/
Cannabinoid receptor 2 activation: A means to prevent monocyte-endothelium engagement<...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Cannabinoid receptor 2 activation. T2 - A means to prevent monocyte-endothelium engagement. AU - Buch, Shilpa J.. PY - 2013/11. Y1 - 2013/11. UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=84886695905&partnerID=8YFLogxK. UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=84886695905&partnerID=8YFLogxK. U2 - 10.1016/j.ajpath.2013.08.003. DO - 10.1016/j.ajpath.2013.08.003. M3 - Comment/debate. C2 - 24055258. AN - SCOPUS:84886695905. VL - 183. SP - 1375. EP - 1377. JO - American Journal of Pathology. JF - American Journal of Pathology. SN - 0002-9440. IS - 5. ER - ...
https://experts.nebraska.edu/en/publications/cannabinoid-receptor-2-activation-a-means-to-prevent-monocyte-end
Cannabinoid Receptor I peptide (320-334) (ab45820) ReferencesCannabinoid Receptor I peptide (320-334) (ab45820) References
References for Abcams Cannabinoid Receptor I peptide (320-334) (ab45820). Please let us know if you have used this product in your publication
http://www.abcam.com/cannabinoid-receptor-i-peptide-320-334-ab45820-references.html
Plus itPlus it
The recently cloned CB2 cannabinoid receptor subtype was stably transfected into AtT-20 and Chinese hamster ovary cells to compare the binding and signal transduction properties of this receptor with those of the CB1 receptor subtype. The binding of [3H]CP 55,940 to both CB1 and CB2 was of similar high affinity (2.6 and 3.7 nM, respectively) and saturable. In competitive binding experiments, (-)-delta 9-tetrahydrocannabinol and CP 55,940 were equipotent at the CB1 and CB2 receptors, but WIN 55212-2 and cannabinol bound with higher affinity to the CB2 than the CB1 receptor. HU 210 had a higher affinity for the CB1 receptor. Anandamide, a recently identified endogenous cannabinoid agonist, was essentially equipotent at both receptor subtypes. The structurally related fatty acid ethanolamides dihomo-gamma-linolenylethanolamide and mead ethanolamide also bound with relatively equal affinity to both receptors, but adrenylethanolamide had a higher affinity for the CB1 receptor. The rank order of ...
https://molpharm.aspetjournals.org/content/48/3/443
Cannabinoid Profile (Info Only) | EVIO Labs ISO-17025 Hemp & CBD Product TestingCannabinoid Profile (Info Only) | EVIO Labs ISO-17025 Hemp & CBD Product Testing
Cannabinoid Profile testing Licensed and accredited at both our Portland and Medford locations, EVIO Labs Oregon testing meets or exceeds requirements in the State of Oregon for cannabinoid analysis. Our Oregon locations both currently report on 17 cannabinoids, including THC, THCA, CBD and CBDA.
https://hemptesting.com/product/oregon-hemp-cannabinoid-profile-info-only/
Cannabinoid Benefits - Cannabidiol Vape CBD
I came across the Phoenix Tears and i have read about the Rick Simpson Hemp oil a lot and saw that he could provide me with Hemp medication to my surprise Cannabinoid Benefits the medication was procured and delivered within 48 hours and i have been on treatment for the past 3 months. Am now here to testify that am no more a cancer patient I have experience a total transformation in my health sector with Rick Simpson Hemp oil service. Cannabinoid Benefits for all cancer patient that live in the America and Canada region get your Hemp oil from anonymously Thanks so much to Rick Simpson for providing us with his Cannabis Oil medication that has been successfully used in curing my wife breast cancer which she has been suffering from for past 6years.. We also appreciate your approachability and willingness to speak with my wife before and after she has been cured. hash oil cartridges for e cig Thank you again for helping to create the next generation of medication. We hope to assist you in the ...
http://cannavapecbd.com/cannabinoid-benefits/
Cannabinoid Benefits - Cannabidiol Vape CBD
I came across the Phoenix Tears and i have read about the Rick Simpson Hemp oil a lot and saw that he could provide me with Hemp medication to my surprise Cannabinoid Benefits the medication was procured and delivered within 48 hours and i have been on treatment for the past 3 months. Am now here to testify that am no more a cancer patient I have experience a total transformation in my health sector with Rick Simpson Hemp oil service. Cannabinoid Benefits for all cancer patient that live in the America and Canada region get your Hemp oil from anonymously Thanks so much to Rick Simpson for providing us with his Cannabis Oil medication that has been successfully used in curing my wife breast cancer which she has been suffering from for past 6years.. We also appreciate your approachability and willingness to speak with my wife before and after she has been cured. hash oil cartridges for e cig Thank you again for helping to create the next generation of medication. We hope to assist you in the ...
http://cannavapecbd.com/tag/cannabinoid-benefits/
Accurate Education: Cannabidiol (CBD) - Drug Actions & InteractionsAccurate Education: Cannabidiol (CBD) - Drug Actions & Interactions
Cannabinoids and Opioids. There appears to be a synergistic analgesic (pain-relieving) benefit when cannabinoids are added to opioid treatment for pain in which there is a greater-than-additive benefical effect with the addition of cannabinoids. Studies indicate a trend towards reduced use of opioids when patients taking opioids add cannabinoids to their regimen. It is not uncommon for patients started on cannabinoids to be able to taper down or off opioids.. Interestingly, animal studies suggest that cannabinoids may reduce the development of tolerance to the analgesic benefits of opioids, resulting in less need for opioid dose escalation.. There is no enhancement of cardiorespiratory suppression from opioids with the addition of cannabinoids due to the very low density of cannabinoid (CB) receptors in brainstem cardiorespiratory centers. There does not appear to be any significant interactions with opioids regarding a cannabinoid effect on the metabolism of most opioids. However, there is ...
https://accurateclinic.com/accurate-education-cannabidiol-cbd-drug-actions-interactions/
NOVEL CANNABINOID RECEPTOR 2 (CB2) INVERSE AGONISTS AND THERAPEUTIC POTENTIAL FOR MULTIPLE MYELOMA AND OSTEOPOROSIS BONE...NOVEL CANNABINOID RECEPTOR 2 (CB2) INVERSE AGONISTS AND THERAPEUTIC POTENTIAL FOR MULTIPLE MYELOMA AND OSTEOPOROSIS BONE...
33. The method of claim 32, wherein the CB-2 receptor inverse agonist comprises a compound of ##STR00190## wherein D and D are independently --H, --OH, --ORa, (C1-C6)alkyl or ##STR00191## Ra, Ra, and Ra are independently selected from the group consisting of H, straight or branched chain (C1-C6)alkyl, (C3-C8)cycloalkyl, (C3-C14)aryl, (C3-C14)hetero cyclo alkyl-(C1-C6)alkylene-, (C3-C14)hetero aryl-(C1-C6)alkylene-, or (C3-C14)aryl(C1-C6)alkylene-; A, B and Q are each independently (C1-C6)alkylene, (C2-C6)alkenylene or (C2-C6)alkynylene, e, f and g independently are integers between 0 and 6 inclusive; V, W, X, Y, and Z are each independently a bond, --C(R)2--, --CR--, --NR--, --N--, --O--, --C(O)--, or --S--, wherein no two adjacent members of V, W, X, Y, and Z are simultaneously --O--, --S--, or --NR--; R is H, --OH, --ORa, halogen, (C1-C6)alkyl, (C1-C6)alkoxy, (C1-C6)haloalkoxy, (C1-C6)haloalkyl, (C2-C6)alkenyl, (C2-C6)alkynyl, --NH2, --NH(C1-C6)alkyl, --N[(C1-C6)alkyl]2, ...
http://www.patentsencyclopedia.com/app/20130172388
Rimonabant - DrugBankRimonabant - DrugBank
Rimonabant is an anorectic anti-obesity drug produced and marketed by Sanofi-Aventis. It is an inverse agonist for the cannabinoid receptor CB1. Its main avenue of effect is reduction in appetite. Rimonabant is the first selective CB1 receptor blocker to be approved for use anywhere in the world. Rimonabant is approved in 38 countries including the E.U., Mexico, and Brazil. It was rejected for approval for use in the United States. This decision was made after a U.S. advisory panel recommended the medicine not be approved because it may increase suicidal thinking and depression.
https://www.drugbank.ca/drugs/DB06155
Cannabinoid CB1AequoScreen cell line | PerkinElmer
AequoScreen® Double Transfected Cell Lines: Cannabinoid, CB1 subtype. Human Recombinant, in CHO-K1 host cell. Two vials of cryopreserved cells are shipped per order. A detailed technical dossier includes sequence, culture conditions and pharmacological properties of the recombinant receptor. All cell lines are tested for the absence of mycoplasma. Terms and conditions apply. Some products are not available in some countries. Please inquire at your local sales office for more information.. Features:. ...
https://www-punchout.perkinelmer.com/product/cannabinoid-cb1-aequoscreen-cell-line-es-110-a
LISTSERV 16.0 - SOCNET Archives
To join INSNA, visit http://www.insna.org ***** Guy -- Tom Valente, known by many as Kid Diffusion, is the person youre looking for. Hes the Director of the Master of Public Health Program, Department of Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Southern California. http://www-hsc.usc.edu/~tvalente/ all the best, Bill Guy Hagen wrote: ,***** To join INSNA, visit http://www.insna.org ***** , ,Does anyone know of any academics that are still active in the area of ,diffusion research, regarding networks, innovations, or otherwise? , ,Regards ,Guy , , ,On 11/24/04 11:32 AM, Leon Danon ,[log in to unmask], wrote: , , ,,***** To join INSNA, visit http://www.insna.org ***** ,, ,,Hi, ,, ,,Here are some references that you might find useful and although they do ,,not explicity use the model you mention, they do deal with diffusion of ,,information. ,, ,, ,,Modeling diffusion of innovations in a social network, Phys. Rev. E 66 ,,(2002) 026121. ,, ,,Self-organized evolution in a ...
https://lists.ufl.edu/cgi-bin/wa?A2=ind0412&L=SOCNET&D=0&O=A&P=59366
Tumour Growth in Colorectal Cancer Suppressed by Cannabinoid ReceptorTumour Growth in Colorectal Cancer Suppressed by Cannabinoid Receptor
A new study from the University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Centre has shown that the cannabinoid cell surface receptor CB1 plays a key role in suppressing tumour growth in colorectal
https://www.medindia.net/news/tumour-growth-in-colorectal-cancer-suppressed-by-cannabinoid-receptor-40139-1.htm
Reviews & Giveaways: Monkey-Toes ~ Valentine Giveaway Closed
Monkey-Toes is a playful line of fun animal and insect themed footwear for children. Our original collection of hand-painted sneakers and matching socks is designed with both parents and kids in mind.Monkey-Toes make the everyday activity of putting on shoes and socks more fun by introducing friends for the feet, all while providing quality footwear for children.The Monkey-Toes family consists of five original designs - Buzzy Bees (bumblebee themed), Little Ladies (ladybug themed), Spunky Spiders (spider themed), Leap Frogs (frog themed), and Little Piggies (pig themed ...
http://www.frugalmommyof2girls.com/2009/01/monkey-toes-giveaway.html?showComment=1233411660000
Womens Pendant Animal Themed Lizard Necklaces at NOVICAWomens Pendant Animal Themed Lizard Necklaces at NOVICA
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Detailed Notes on Cannabinoid therapyDetailed Notes on Cannabinoid therapy
In addition to, CB1-D2 receptor heteromers, not long ago Together with the aid of biochemical and biophysical research CB1-CB2 receptor heteromers is documented in nucleus accumbens and globus pallidus [175]. Typical attribute aspect observed with CB1-CB2 receptor heteromers is, CB1 receptor antagonists blocks the result of CB2 receptor agonists and, conversely, CB2 receptor antagonists blocks the result of CB1 receptor agonists As a result demonstrating a bidirectional phenomenon of cross-antagonism [175]. These heteromers may well describe preceding conflicting effects and could serve as therapeutic targets. Modern evidence implies that dopamine modulates the activity of SNpc neurons not just by regular dopamine receptors, but additionally by CB1 receptors, probably by using N-arachidonoyl-dopamine [176]. Besides localization of CB1, the presence and functional purpose of TRPV1 on dopaminergic nigral neurons and their position in modulating synaptic transmission throughout the SNpc have also ...
http://cannabinoid-therapy64062.timeblog.net/3663758/detailed-notes-on-cannabinoid-therapy
AM-905 - WikipediaAM-905 - Wikipedia
AM-905 (part of the AM cannabinoid series) is an analgesic drug which is a cannabinoid agonist. It is conformationally restricted by virtue of the double bond on its side chain, leading an increased affinity for and selectivity between CB1 and CB2 receptors.[1] It is a potent and reasonably selective agonist for the CB1 cannabinoid receptor, with a Ki of 1.2 nM at CB1 and 5.3 nM at CB2.[2] ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AM-905
Characterization of Cannabinoid Receptors - Current ProtocolsCharacterization of Cannabinoid Receptors - Current Protocols
This unit describes the use of cannabinoid radioligands in competitive binding assays for determining affinity parameters (IC50, Ki) of unlabeled compounds at transfected CB1 and CB2 receptors expressed in cell lines
http://www.currentprotocols.com/WileyCDA/CPUnit/refId-ph0126.html?quicktabs_cp=cited
Characterization of Cannabinoid Receptors - Current ProtocolsCharacterization of Cannabinoid Receptors - Current Protocols
This unit describes the use of cannabinoid radioligands in competitive binding assays for determining affinity parameters (IC50, Ki) of unlabeled compounds at transfected CB1 and CB2 receptors expressed in cell lines
http://www.currentprotocols.com/WileyCDA/CPUnit/refId-ph0126.html
Positive Allosteric Modulation of Cannabinoid Receptor Type 1 Suppresses Pathological Pain Without Producing Tolerance or...Positive Allosteric Modulation of Cannabinoid Receptor Type 1 Suppresses Pathological Pain Without Producing Tolerance or...
PRF readers can get free access to a selected Journal of Pain paper each month, thanks to the American Pain Society. Get the free full text of the selection from the December 2017 issue here.. ...
http://painresearchforum.org/papers/85168-positive-allosteric-modulation-cannabinoid-receptor-type-1-suppresses-pathological-pain
2015 December Monthly Meeting
Host: Core A (Dr. Sean Xie group), CVS Conference Room, School of Pharmacy, UPitt. Research Progress Update/Demonstration: Yan Zhang (master student) gave a talk titled as Modeling Simulation on Cannabinoid Receptor CB2 Signaling Pathway via Desensitization and Resensitization Yan Zhang integrated several models, including the previously reported cubic ternary complex (CTC) model with new component updated for the CB2 desensitization and resensitization kinetics.. Dr. Zhiwei Feng (Research Associate) gave a talk titled as Computer Modeling of 3D Structures of Cannabinoid Receptor Subtype CB2 activated through G-protein Coupling Process Dr. Feng presented the work on the influence of agonist and inverse agonist on the inactive and active state of CB2 from conformation to drug discovery. Dr. Feng also talked about the γ-secretase project for identifying the binding pocket with the DruGui program developed by Dr. Bahars group. γ-secretase is a potential target for Alzheimers ...
http://cdar.pharmacy.pitt.edu/2015-december-monthly-meeting/
H-3]SR 141716A : Katalogprodukte : Tritium Labeling : RC TRITEC AG, Teufen AR
Tritium labelled SR 141716A; Tritium labeled SR 141716A; 3H SR 141716A; H-3 SR 141716A; Tritium labelled Rimonabant; Tritium labeled Rimonabant; 3H Rimonabant; H-3 Rimonabant;Tritium labelled 5-(4-Chlorophenyl)-1-(2,4-dichloro-phenyl)-4-methyl-N-(piperidin-1-yl)-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxamide; Tritium labeled 5-(4-Chlorophenyl)-1-(2,4-dichloro-phenyl)-4-methyl-N-(piperidin-1-yl)-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxamide; H-3 5-(4-Chlorophenyl)-1-(2,4-dichloro-phenyl)-4-methyl-N-(piperidin-1-yl)-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxamide; 3H 5-(4-Chlorophenyl)-1-(2,4-dichloro-phenyl)-4-methyl-N-(piperidin-1-yl)-1H-pyrazole-3-carboxamide
https://www.rctritec.com/de/tritium-labeling/katalogprodukte/h-3sr-141716a.html
Synergistic Effect between Maternal Infection and Adolescent Cannabinoid Exposure on Serotonin 5HT1A Receptor Binding in the...Synergistic Effect between Maternal Infection and Adolescent Cannabinoid Exposure on Serotonin 5HT1A Receptor Binding in the...
Infections during pregnancy and adolescent cannabis use have both been identified as environmental risk factors for schizophrenia. We combined these factors in an animal model and looked at their effects, alone and in combination, on serotonin 5HT1A receptor binding (5HT1AR) binding longitudinally from late adolescence to adulthood. Pregnant rats were exposed to the viral mimic poly I:C on embryonic day 15. Adolescent offspring received daily injections of the cannabinoid HU210 for 14 days starting on postnatal day (PND) 35. Hippocampal and cortical 5HT1AR binding was quantified autoradiographically using [3H]8-OH-DPAT, in late adolescent (PND 55), young adult (PND 65) and adult (PND 90) rats. Descendants of poly I:C treated rats showed significant increases of 15?18% in 5HT1AR in the hippocampus (CA1) compared to controls at all developmental ages. Offspring of poly I:C treated rats exposed to HU210 during adolescence exhibited even greater elevations in 5HT1AR (with increases of 44, 29, and ...
http://www.tara.tcd.ie/xmlui/handle/2262/64195
Effects of cannabisEffects of cannabis
There are at least two types of cannabinoid receptors (CB1 and CB2). Most cannabinoids are lipophilic (fat soluble) compounds ... Pertwee RG (January 1997). "Pharmacology of cannabinoid CB1 and CB2 receptors". Pharmacology & Therapeutics. 74 (2): 129-80. ... Cannabinoids produce a "marked depression of motor activity" via activation of neuronal cannabinoid receptors belonging to the ... The binding of cannabinoids to cannabinoid receptors decrease adenylyl cyclase activity, inhibit calcium N channels, and ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Effects_of_cannabis
VoacamineVoacamine
... exhibits cannabinoid CB1 receptor antagonistic activity. There is considerable confusion about the absolute ... "Discovery of indole alkaloids with cannabinoid CB1 receptor antagonistic activity". Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters. ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voacamine
WIN 56,098WIN 56,098
It is a tricyclic aryl derivative that acts as a competitive antagonist at the CB2 cannabinoid receptor. Its activity at CB1 ... WIN 55,212-2 WIN 55,225 Howlett AC, Berglund B, Melvin LS (October 1995). "Cannabinoid Receptor Agonists and Antagonists". ... Cannabinoids, Aminoalkylindoles, WIN compounds, Morpholines, Anthracenes, All stub articles, Cannabinoid stubs). ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WIN_56,098
N-AcylamidesN-Acylamides
Anandamide activates the cannabinoid receptors CB1 and CB2. FAAH knockout mice show increased anandamide levels in vivo and ... an orthologue of vertebrate cannabinoid receptors in the urochordate Ciona intestinalis". Gene. 302 (1-2): 95-101. doi:10.1016/ ... cannabinoid-receptor dependent behaviors including antinociception and anxiolysis. GPR18, GPR55, GPR92 have also been proposed ... An example of this is the lipid signaling system involving transient receptor potential channels (TRP), which interact with N- ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/N-Acylamides
RVD-HpαRVD-Hpα
... of cannabinoid CB1 receptors. It is shown that pepcan-12 opposite acts as a potent CB2 cannabinoid receptor positive allosteric ... which was originally proposed to act as a selective agonist for the CB1 cannabinoid receptor. It is a 12-amino acid polypeptide ... "Hemopressin is an inverse agonist of CB1 cannabinoid receptors". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United ... Recently it was shown that RVD-Hpα (also called Pepcan-12) is a potent negative allosteric modulator at CB1 receptors, together ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RVD-Hpα
LY-320,135LY-320,135
January 1998). "LY320135, a novel cannabinoid CB1 receptor antagonist, unmasks coupling of the CB1 receptor to stimulation of ... LY-320,135 is a drug used in scientific research which acts as a selective antagonist of the cannabinoid receptor CB1. It was ... Pertwee RG (February 2005). "Inverse agonism and neutral antagonism at cannabinoid CB1 receptors". Life Sciences. 76 (12): 1307 ... Cannabinoids, CB1 receptor antagonists, Benzofuran ethers at the benzene ring, Resorcinol ethers, Aromatic ketones, ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LY-320,135
CannabinolCannabinol
... is a mildly psychoactive cannabinoid that binds to the cannabinoid receptors with more selectivity for CB2 over CB1 found in ... CBN acts as a partial agonist at the CB1 receptors, but has a higher affinity to CB2 receptors; however, it has lower ... "Novel cannabinol probes for CB1 and CB2 cannabinoid receptors". Journal of Medicinal Chemistry. 43 (20): 3778-3785. doi:10.1021 ... Both THC and CBN activate the CB1 (Ki = 211.2 nM) and CB2 (Ki = 126.4 nM) receptors. It is metabolised to 11-OH-CBN, which is a ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cannabinol
HemopressinHemopressin
It binds cannabinoid receptors, acting as an inverse agonist at CB1 receptors. Longer forms of hemopressin containing 2-3 ... May 2010). "The peptide hemopressin acts through CB1 cannabinoid receptors to reduce food intake in rats and mice". J. Neurosci ... December 2007). "Hemopressin is an inverse agonist of CB1 cannabinoid receptors". Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 104 (51): 20588 ... is also an agonist at CB1 cannabinoid receptors. Hemopressin is not an endogenous peptide but rather an extraction artefact [ ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hemopressin
DrinabantDrinabant
Cannabinoid receptor antagonist Lange JH, Kruse CG (2008). "Cannabinoid CB1 receptor antagonists in therapeutic and structural ... Reggio, Patricia H. (2009). "Toward the design of cannabinoid CB1 receptor inverse agonists and neutral antagonists". Drug ... Drinabant (INN; AVE-1625) is a drug that acts as a selective CB1 receptor antagonist, which was under investigation varyingly ... Lee HK, Choi EB, Pak CS (2009). "The current status and future perspectives of studies of cannabinoid receptor 1 antagonists as ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drinabant
RimonabantRimonabant
... is an inverse agonist of the cannabinoid CB1 receptor. Originally thought to be selective for the CB1 receptor, ... CB1 receptor antagonists, Chlorobenzenes, Piperidines, Pyrazoles, Withdrawn drugs, Cannabinoids, Mu-opioid receptor antagonists ... Rimonabant is an inverse agonist for the cannabinoid receptor CB1 and was the first drug approved in that class. Rimonabant is ... Pi-Sunyer FX, Aronne LJ, Heshmati HM, Devin J, Rosenstock J (Feb 2006). "Effect of rimonabant, a cannabinoid-1 receptor blocker ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rimonabant
GW-405,833GW-405,833
Clayton N, Marshall FH, Bountra C, O'Shaughnessy CT (April 2002). "CB1 and CB2 cannabinoid receptors are implicated in ... Cannabinoid stubs, Cannabinoids, Aminoalkylindoles, Benzoylindoles, Morpholines, Phenol ethers, Chlorobenzenes, CB2 receptor ... GW-405,833 (L-768,242) is a drug that acts as a potent and selective partial agonist for the cannabinoid receptor subtype CB2, ... Marriott KS, Huffman JW (2008). "Recent advances in the development of selective ligands for the cannabinoid CB(2) receptor". ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GW-405,833
GAT100GAT100
Cannabinoids, CB1 receptor antagonists, Isothiocyanates, All stub articles, Cannabinoid stubs). ... GAT100 is a negative allosteric modulator of the cannabinoid CB1 receptor. Org 27569 PSNCBAM-1 ZCZ-011 Kulkarni PM, Kulkarni AR ... June 2016). "Mapping Cannabinoid 1 Receptor Allosteric Site(s): Critical Molecular Determinant and Signaling Profile of GAT100 ... January 2016). "Novel Electrophilic and Photoaffinity Covalent Probes for Mapping the Cannabinoid 1 Receptor Allosteric Site(s ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GAT100
CannabidiolCannabidiol
... has low affinity for the cannabinoid CB1 and CB2 receptors, although it acts as an antagonist of CB1/CB2 agonists, ... which acts on the cannabinoid receptor type 1 (CB1) as a partial agonist, CBD instead is a negative allosteric modulator of CB1 ... Pertwee RG (January 2008). "The diverse CB1 and CB2 receptor pharmacology of three plant cannabinoids: delta9- ... Cannabidiol may be an antagonist of GPR55, a G protein-coupled receptor and putative cannabinoid receptor that is expressed in ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cannabidiol
NESS-0327NESS-0327
Cannabinoids, CB1 receptor antagonists, Hydrazides, Chloroarenes, Pyrazoles, Piperazines, All stub articles, Cannabinoid stubs) ... July 2003). "Synthesis and characterization of NESS 0327: a novel putative antagonist of the CB1 cannabinoid receptor". The ... August 2002). "Design, synthesis and biological activity of rigid cannabinoid CB1 receptor antagonists". Chemical & ... and more selective for the CB1 receptor over CB2, than the more commonly used ligand rimonabant, with a Ki at CB1 of 350fM (i.e ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NESS-0327
Endocannabinoid enhancerEndocannabinoid enhancer
323-. ISBN 978-981-4287-59-3. Bambico, Francis Rodriguez; Gobbi, Gabriella (2008). "The cannabinoid CB1 receptor and the ... Cannabinoid receptor Synthetic cannabinoid Cannabinoid receptor antagonist George I. Papakostas; Maurizio Fava (2010). ... v t e (Articles with short description, Short description matches Wikidata, Cannabinoids, Endocannabinoids, All stub articles, ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Endocannabinoid_enhancer
List of psychedelic drugsList of psychedelic drugs
"Cannabidiol is a negative allosteric modulator of the cannabinoid CB1 receptor". British Journal of Pharmacology. 172 (20): ... "The pharmacology of cannabinoid receptors and their ligands: an overview". International Journal of Obesity. 30 (S1): S13-S18. ... Cannabis and cannabinoids : pharmacology, toxicology, and therapeutic potential. Grotenhermen, Franjo., Russo, Ethan. New York ... κ-opioid receptor agonist), the active constituent of Salvia divinorum sage Salvinorin B methoxymethyl ether†, a semi-synthetic ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_psychedelic_drugs
N-AcylethanolamineN-Acylethanolamine
... is an endogenous agonist of the cannabinoid receptors (CB1 and CB2), and the physiological ligand for the cannabinoid CB2 ... and the CB1 receptor binding remain similarly reduced after 2-4 weeks of abstinence, suggests an involvement of CB1 receptors ... Activation of CB1 cannabinoid receptors in NAc, are necessary and sufficient to express the rewarding properties of social ... The cannabinoid type 1 receptors (CB1) and their endogenous ligands, the endocannabinoids, present in peripheral organs, such ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/N-Acylethanolamine
KIAA2013KIAA2013
This system is made up of cannabinoid receptors 1 and 2 (CB1 and CB2) as well as the various ligands and enzymes that interact ... Both cannabinoid receptors are labeled as class A G-Protein Coupled Receptors, and CB2 is highly expressed within the human ... Oyagawa CR, Grimsey NL (2021-01-01). Shukla AK (ed.). "Cannabinoid receptor CB1 and CB2 interacting proteins: Techniques, ... 2019). "Systematic Affinity Purification Coupled to Mass Spectrometry Identified p62 as Part of the Cannabinoid Receptor CB2 ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/KIAA2013
2-Arachidonoylglycerol2-Arachidonoylglycerol
January 1999). "Evidence that the cannabinoid CB1 receptor is a 2-arachidonoylglycerol receptor. Structure-activity ... an endogenous agonist of the CB1 receptor and the primary endogenous ligand for the CB2 receptor. It is an ester formed from ... "Analysis of cannabinoid receptor binding and mRNA expression and endogenous cannabinoid contents in the developing rat brain ... CB1 receptor agonists, Glycine receptor antagonists, Glycerol esters, Arachidonyl compounds). ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2-Arachidonoylglycerol
Delta-8-TetrahydrocannabinolDelta-8-Tetrahydrocannabinol
It is a partial agonist of CB1 and CB2 cannabinoid receptors with about half the potency of ∆9-THC in most but not all measures ... This may be because it binds differently to CB1, the cannabinoid receptor that regulates much of THC's mind-altering effect.[ ... 8-THC has been reported to have a Ki value of 44 ± 12 nM at the CB1 receptor and 44 ± 17 nM at the CB2 receptor. These values ... Pertwee RG (January 2008). "The diverse CB1 and CB2 receptor pharmacology of three plant cannabinoids: delta9- ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Delta-8-Tetrahydrocannabinol
MetamizoleMetamizole
Despite this, studies in animals have found that the CB1 cannabinoid receptor is not involved in the analgesia induced by ... Elmas P, Ulugol A (November 2013). "Involvement of cannabinoid CB1 receptors in the antinociceptive effect of dipyrone". ... The result is a pair of cannabinoid and NSAID arachidonic acid conjugates[clarification needed] (although not in the strict ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metamizole
AM-251 (drug)AM-251 (drug)
AM-251 is an inverse agonist at the CB1 cannabinoid receptor. AM-251 is structurally very close to rimonabant; both are ... CB1 receptor antagonists, Piperidines, Pyrazoles, Hydrazides, Iodoarenes, Chloroarenes, AM cannabinoids, Pyrazolecarboxamides, ... Discovery and development of Cannabinoid Receptor 1 Antagonists Lan R, Liu Q, Fan P, Lin S, Fernando SR, McCallion D, et al. ( ... The resulting compound exhibits slightly better binding affinity for the CB1 receptor (with a Ki value of 7.5 nM) than ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AM-251_(drug)
AM-694AM-694
It is used in scientific research for mapping the distribution of CB1 receptors. AM-694 is an agonist for cannabinoid receptors ... a CB1 cannabinoid receptor ligand". Journal of Labelled Compounds and Radiopharmaceuticals. 46 (9): 799-804. doi:10.1002/jlcr. ... is a designer drug that acts as a potent and selective agonist for the cannabinoid receptor CB1. ... AM-679 AM-1235 AM-2201 AM-2232 AM-2233 FUBIMINA JWH-018 List of AM cannabinoids List of JWH cannabinoids THJ-2201 Willis PG, ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AM-694
ZCZ-011ZCZ-011
December 2015). "A Cannabinoid CB1 Receptor-Positive Allosteric Modulator Reduces Neuropathic Pain in the Mouse with No ... ZCZ-011 is a positive allosteric modulator of the cannabinoid CB1 receptor. GAT100 Org 27569 PSNCBAM-1 Poklis JL, Clay DJ, ... June 2015). "HPLC-MS-MS Determination of ZCZ-011, A Novel Pharmacological Tool for Investigation of the Cannabinoid Receptor in ... Cannabinoids, Tryptamines, All stub articles, Cannabinoid stubs). ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ZCZ-011
PTI-1PTI-1
March 2011). "Discovery of potent and orally bioavailable heterocycle-based cannabinoid CB1 receptor agonists". Bioorganic & ... heterocycle derivatives as agonists of the cannabinoid CB1 receptor.", issued 20 April 2010, assigned to Organon NV US 7763732 ... PTI-1 (SGT-48) is an indole-based synthetic cannabinoid. It is one of few synthetic cannabinoids containing a thiazole group ... Cannabinoids, Designer drugs, Diethylamino compounds, All stub articles, Cannabinoid stubs). ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PTI-1
HeteromerHeteromer
... cannabinoid CB1 / dopamine D2 heteromers, and even CB1/A2A/D2 heterotrimers where three different receptors have come together ... "Antagonistic cannabinoid CB1/dopamine D2 receptor interactions in striatal CB1/D2 heteromers. A combined neurochemical and ... A2A and cannabinoid CB1 receptors form functional heteromeric complexes that mediate the motor effects of cannabinoids". ... "Receptor-receptor interactions within receptor mosaics. Impact on neuropsychopharmacology". Brain Research Reviews. 58 (2): 415 ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heteromer
LBP-1 (drug)LBP-1 (drug)
It acts as a potent and selective cannabinoid receptor agonist, with high potency at both the CB1 and CB2 receptors, but low ... March 2011). "Discovery of potent and orally bioavailable heterocycle-based cannabinoid CB1 receptor agonists". Bioorganic & ... April 2012). "Low brain penetrant CB1 receptor agonists for the treatment of neuropathic pain". Bioorganic & Medicinal ... heterocyclic derivatives as agonists of the CB1 receptor. Discovery of a clinical candidate". Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LBP-1_(drug)
2-Arachidonyl glyceryl ether2-Arachidonyl glyceryl ether
... and Raphael Mechoulam found the endogenous agonist of the cannabinoid receptor type 1 (CB1) in 2000. The discovery was 100 gram ... 3 μM at the Cannabinoid receptor type 1 and the peripheral cannabinoid receptors. The presence of 2-AGE in body tissue is ... 2-AGE binds with a Ki of 21 nM to the CB1 receptor and 480 nM to the CB2 receptor. It shows agonistic behaviour on both ... an endogenous agonist of the cannabinoid CB1 receptor". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 98 (7): 3662-3665. ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2-Arachidonyl_glyceryl_ether
PSNCBAM-1PSNCBAM-1
Cannabinoids, CB1 receptor antagonists, Aminopyridines, All stub articles, Cannabinoid stubs). ... PSNCBAM-1 is a negative allosteric modulator of the cannabinoid CB1 receptor. GAT100 Org 27569 ZCZ-011 German N, Decker AM, ... a novel allosteric antagonist at cannabinoid CB1 receptors with hypophagic effects in rats". British Journal of Pharmacology. ... "Diarylureas as Allosteric Modulators of the Cannabinoid CB1 Receptor: Structure-Activity Relationship Studies on 1-(4- ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PSNCBAM-1
PTI-2PTI-2
March 2011). "Discovery of potent and orally bioavailable heterocycle-based cannabinoid CB1 receptor agonists". Bioorganic & ... heterocycle derivatives as agonists of the cannabinoid CB1 receptor.", issued 20 April 2010, assigned to Organon NV US 7763732 ... PTI-2 (SGT-49) is an indole-based synthetic cannabinoid. It is one of few synthetic cannabinoids containing a thiazole group ... Cannabinoids, Designer drugs, Isopropyl compounds, Ethers, All stub articles, Cannabinoid stubs). ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PTI-2
PregnenolonePregnenolone
Receptor/signaling modulators. GABA receptor modulators. GABAA receptor positive modulators. Ionotropic glutamate receptor ... Cannabinoid receptor modulators. Receptor. .mw-parser-output .nobold{font-weight:normal}. (ligands). ... CB1 receptor antagonists. *Glycine receptor agonists. *Ketones. *Neurosteroids. *Pregnane X receptor agonists ... Nuclear receptor activity[edit]. Pregnenolone has been found to act as an agonist of the pregnane X receptor.[13] ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pregnenolone
AnandamidAnandamid
Isolation and structure of a brain constituent that binds to the cannabinoid receptor". Science 258 (5090): 1946-9. DOI:10.1126 ... Otkriće anandamida potiče iz CB1 i CB2 istraživanja, kaja su delom bila zasnovana na stanovištu da mora da postoji prirodna ( ... Mechoulam R, Fride E (1995). „The unpaved road to the endogenous brain cannabinoid ligands, the anandamides". u: Pertwee RG. ... Ti distinktni efekti su posredovani prvenstveno CB1 kanabinoidnim receptorima u centralnom nervnom sistemu, i CB2 kanabinoidnim ...
https://sh.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anandamid
TaranabantTaranabant
... (codenamed MK-0364) is a cannabinoid receptor type 1 (CB1) inverse agonist that was investigated as a potential ... 2007). "Substituted acyclic sulfonamides as human cannabinoid-1 receptor inverse agonists". Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry ... Jun 2007). "Antiobesity efficacy of a novel cannabinoid-1 receptor inverse agonist, N-[(1S,2S)-3-(4-chlorophenyl)-2-(3- ... Others: 2-PG (directly potentiates activity of 2-AG at CB1 receptor) ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taranabant
TetrahydrocannabiphorolTetrahydrocannabiphorol
CB1 receptor agonists. *Phytocannabinoids. *Benzochromenes. *Cannabinoid stubs. Hidden categories: *Articles needing additional ... 8] JWH-091 has approximately double the binding affinity at the CB1 receptor (22nM ± 3.9nM) in comparison to Delta-9-THC (40.7 ... The Δ8 isomer is also known as a synthetic cannabinoid under the code name JWH-091,[6][7] It's unconfirmed whether or not Delta ... "THCp and CBDp, Newly Discovered, Extremely Potent Cannabinoids". 29 June 2020.. *^ Adams R, Loewe S, Jelinek C, Wolff H (July ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tetrahydrocannabiphorol
AnandamideAnandamide
... the complex is further directed to the cannabinoid receptor (CB1) and out.[36] ... These distinct effects are mediated primarily by CB1 cannabinoid receptors in the central nervous system, and CB2 cannabinoid ... it participates in the body's endocannabinoid system by binding to cannabinoid receptors, the same receptors that the ... Both the CB1 and CB2 receptors (the bonding site of anandamide) seem to play a role in the identification of positive and ...
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anandamide
GuineesineGuineesine
In addition, the analgesic and catatonic effects were reversed by the cannabinoid receptor type 1 (CB1) inverse agonist ... "Small Molecules from Nature Targeting G-Protein Coupled Cannabinoid Receptors: Potential Leads for Drug Discovery and ... This causes an increase in the activity of the two neurotransmitters which are classified as endogenous cannabinoids. ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guineesine
N-Arachidonoyl dopamineN-Arachidonoyl dopamine
... (NADA) is an endocannabinoid that acts as an agonist of the CB1 receptor and the transient receptor ... cannabinoid-receptor ligands and inhibitors of anandamide inactivation with cannabimimetic activity in vitro and in vivo". The ... NADA was first described as a putative endocannabinoid (agonist for the CB1 receptor) in 2000 and was subsequently identified ... In mice, NADA was shown to induce the tetrad of physiological paradigms associated with cannabinoids: hypothermia, hypo- ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/N-Arachidonoyl_dopamine
JWH-424JWH-424
JWH cannabinoids, Bromoarenes, Designer drugs, CB1 receptor agonists, All stub articles, Cannabinoid stubs). ... JWH-424 is a drug from the naphthoylindole family, which acts as a cannabinoid agonist at both the CB1 and CB2 receptors, but ... In the United States, all CB1 receptor agonists of the 3-(1-naphthoyl)indole class such as JWH-424 are Schedule I Controlled ... However the 1-propyl homologues in this series showed much lower affinity at both receptors, reflecting a generally reduced ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/JWH-424
XLR-12XLR-12
... with a Ki of 0.09 nM and 167x selectivity over the related CB1 receptor, however it still retains appreciable affinity for CB1 ... cannabinoid receptor activity". Journal of Medicinal Chemistry. 53 (1): 295-315. doi:10.1021/jm901214q. PMID 19921781. A ... "3-Cycloalkylcarbonyl indoles as cannabinoid receptor ligands", published 2006-06-29, assigned to Abbott Laboratories Frost JM, ... Cannabinoids, Designer drugs, Tetramethylcyclopropanoylindoles, All stub articles, Cannabinoid stubs). ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/XLR-12
GPR55GPR55
This profile as a distinct non-CB1/CB2 receptor which responds to a variety of both endogenous and exogenous cannabinoid ... "Entrez Gene: GPR55 G protein-coupled receptor 55". Brown AJ (Nov 2007). "Novel cannabinoid receptors". British Journal of ... "The orphan receptor GPR55 is a novel cannabinoid receptor". British Journal of Pharmacology. 152 (7): 1092-101. doi:10.1038/sj. ... Later it was identified by an in silico screen as a putative cannabinoid receptor because of a similar amino acid sequence in ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GPR55
JWH-015JWH-015
JWH cannabinoids, Designer drugs, CB1 receptor agonists, CB2 receptor agonists). ... Its affinity for CB2 receptors is 13.8 nM, while its affinity for CB1 is 383 nM, meaning that it binds almost 28 times more ... In the United States, all CB1 receptor agonists of the 3-(1-naphthoyl)indole class such as JWH-015 are Schedule I Controlled ... Ghosh S, Preet A, Groopman JE, Ganju RK (July 2006). "Cannabinoid receptor CB2 modulates the CXCL12/CXCR4-mediated chemotaxis ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/JWH-015
CannabigerolCannabigerol
... has affinity and activity at CB1 and CB2 cannabinoid receptors in vitro. It appears to be unique among cannabinoid ... Alpha-2 adrenergic receptor agonists, Phytocannabinoids, CB1 receptor antagonists, Resorcinols, Terpeno-phenolic compounds). ... Couch DG, Maudslay H, Doleman B, Lund JN, O'Sullivan SE (March 2018). "The Use of Cannabinoids in Colitis: A Systematic Review ... Cascio MG, Gauson LA, Stevenson LA, Ross RA, Pertwee RG (January 2010). "Evidence that the plant cannabinoid cannabigerol is a ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cannabigerol
ParahexylParahexyl
... produces effects typical of other cannabinoid receptor agonists in animals. It has a somewhat higher oral ... Bow EW, Rimoldi JM (2016). "The Structure-Function Relationships of Classical Cannabinoids: CB1/CB2 Modulation". Perspectives ... the Δ8 and Δ9 isomers are both known to be cannabinoid receptor agonists, and Δ8-parahexyl has the code number JWH-124, while ... but as there has been no research published using parahexyl since the discovery of the CB1 receptor, this has not been ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parahexyl
RCS-8RCS-8
... all CB1 receptor agonists of the 3-phenylacetylindole class such as RCS-8 are Schedule I Controlled Substances. ... RCS-8 (also known as 1-(2-cyclohexylethyl)-3-(2-methoxyphenylacetyl)indole, SR-18, and BTM-8) is a synthetic cannabinoid that ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RCS-8
CHM-081CHM-081
CB1 receptor agonists, CB2 receptor agonists, Cyclohexyl compounds, Methoxy compounds, All stub articles, Nervous system drug ... CHM-081 (SGT-4) is a recreational designer drug which is classed as a synthetic cannabinoid. It is from the naphthoylindole ... AB-CHMINACA CHM-018 Org 28611 Edmunds R, Locos O, Brown D, Reynolds D (2013). "Identification of the synthetic cannabinoid (1-( ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CHM-081
Raymond C. StevensRaymond C. Stevens
2016: The marijuana receptor-human Cannabinoid receptor type 1 (CB1) and the human C-C chemokine receptor type 2 (CCR2) 2017: ... the human cannabinoid receptor CB2, the human neurokinin 1 receptor, and the melatonin receptors MT1 and MT2 2020:The human ... 2013: Serotonin receptors 5-HT1B and 5-HT2B, the second HIV co-receptor, C-C chemokine receptor type 5 (CCR5) and the first ... In 2010, the structures of the human chemokine CXCR4 receptor (HIV co-receptor), the human dopamine D3 receptor and the human ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raymond_C._Stevens
Cannabis use and traumaCannabis use and trauma
Pertwee RG (January 2008). "The diverse CB1 and CB2 receptor pharmacology of three plant cannabinoids: delta9- ... "Distribution of CB1 cannabinoid receptors in the amygdala and their role in the control of GABAergic transmission". The Journal ... December 2019). "Cannabinoids for the treatment of mental disorders and symptoms of mental disorders: a systematic review and ... Braida D, Limonta V, Malabarba L, Zani A, Sala M (January 2007). "5-HT1A receptors are involved in the anxiolytic effect of ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cannabis_use_and_trauma
Methoxy arachidonyl fluorophosphonateMethoxy arachidonyl fluorophosphonate
... evidence against constitutive activity of rat brain adenosine A1 and cannabinoid CB1 receptors". Br. J. Pharmacol. 140 (8): ... In addition, it binds to the CB1 receptor in rat brain membrane preparations (IC50 = 20 nM), but does not appear to agonize or ... Cannabinoid properties of methylfluorophosphonate analogs. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 2000 Sep;294(3):1209-18. PMID 10945879 v t e v ... antagonize the receptor, though some related derivatives do show cannabinoid-like properties. DIFP - diisopropyl ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Methoxy_arachidonyl_fluorophosphonate
JWH-176JWH-176
... is an analgesic drug which acts as a cannabinoid receptor agonist. Its binding affinity at the CB1 receptor is 26.0 nM ... JWH cannabinoids, 1-Naphthyl compounds, Indenes, Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, CB1 receptor agonists). ... In the United States, CB1 receptor agonists of the 1-(1-naphthylmethylene)indene class such as JWH-176 and JWH-171 are Schedule ... "Cannabinoids". Handbook of Experimental Pharmacology. Vol. 168. Springer. p. 269. ISBN 3-540-22565-X. Huffman JW, Padgett LW ( ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/JWH-176
AB-PICAAB-PICA
... is a potent agonist for the CB1 receptor (EC50 = 12 nM) and CB2 receptor (EC50 = 12 nM). 5F-AB-PINACA 5F-ADB 5F-AMB 5F- ... Cannabinoids, Designer drugs, Indolecarboxamides, All stub articles, Cannabinoid stubs). ... September 2015). "Pharmacology of Indole and Indazole Synthetic Cannabinoid Designer Drugs AB-FUBINACA, ADB-FUBINACA, AB-PINACA ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AB-PICA
JWH-133JWH-133
... is a potent selective CB2 receptor agonist with a Ki of 3.4nM and selectivity of around 200x for CB2 over CB1 receptors. It was ... Additionally, cannabinoids at this receptor completely abolish neurotoxicity related to microglia activation in rat models.[ ... Bow EW, Rimoldi JM (28 June 2016). "The Structure-Function Relationships of Classical Cannabinoids: CB1/CB2 Modulation". ... binding 677nM at Cb1 and 3.4nM at CB2 while 3-(1',1'-Dimethylbutyl)-delta-8-THC itself binds 65nM at CB1. Structurally the only ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/JWH-133
O-823O-823
It is described as a mixed agonist/antagonist at the cannabinoid receptor CB1, meaning that it acts as an antagonist when co- ... Griffin G, Wray EJ, Martin BR, Abood ME (October 1999). "Cannabinoid agonists and antagonists discriminated by receptor binding ... April 1999). "An investigation into the structural determinants of cannabinoid receptor ligand efficacy". British Journal of ... Cannabinoids, Benzochromenes, Phenols, Alkyne derivatives, Nitriles, All stub articles, Cannabinoid stubs). ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/O-823
Lipid signalingLipid signaling
The endogenous cannabinoids, or endocannabinoids, are endogenous lipids that activate cannabinoid receptors. The first such ... Anandamide activates both the CB1 receptor, found primarily in the central nervous system, and the CB2 receptor which is found ... the only identified receptors for S1P are the high-affinity G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), also known as S1P receptors ( ... 2-AG can also activate both cannabinoid receptors and is inactivated by monoacylglycerol lipase. It is present at approximately ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lipid_signaling
5F-JWH-3985F-JWH-398
CB1 receptor agonists, CB2 receptor agonists, Chloroarenes, All stub articles, Nervous system drug stubs). ... is a recreational designer drug which is classed as a synthetic cannabinoid. It is from the naphthoylindole family, and ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/5F-JWH-398
Apparent deathApparent death
Griebel, G.; Stemmelin, J.; Scatton, B. (2005). "Effects of the cannabinoid CB1 receptor antagonist rimonabant in models of ... Donatti, A.F.; Leite-Panissi, C.R.A. (2011). "Activation of corticotropin-releasing factor receptors from the basolateral or ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apparent_death
THJ-018THJ-018
... acts as a full agonist with a binding affinity of 5.84 nM at CB1 and 4.57 nM at CB2 cannabinoid receptors. THJ-018 is ... Cannabinoids, Designer drugs, Naphthoylindazoles, All stub articles, Cannabinoid stubs). ... THJ-018 (SGT-17) is a synthetic cannabinoid that is the indazole analogue of JWH-018 and has been sold online as a designer ... Hess C, Schoeder CT, Pillaiyar T, Madea B, Müller CE (2016). "Pharmacological evaluation of synthetic cannabinoids identified ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/THJ-018
JWH-365JWH-365
CB1 receptor agonists, CB2 receptor agonists, Designer drugs, Naphthoylpyrroles, All stub articles, Cannabinoid stubs). ... receptors, with a strong (~5x) selectivity for the CB2 receptor over the CB1 receptor. JWH-365 was first synthesized in 2006 by ... new high affinity ligands for the cannabinoid CB1 and CB2 receptors". Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters. 16 (20): 5432-5 ... List of JWH cannabinoids Synthetic cannabinoid Huffman JW, Padgett LW, Isherwood ML, Wiley JL, Martin BR (October 2006). "1- ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/JWH-365
GW-842,166XGW-842,166X
... is a drug which acts as a potent and selective cannabinoid CB2 receptor agonist, with a novel chemical structure ... but without cannabis-like behavioural effects due to its extremely low affinity for the CB1 receptor. GSK brought this compound ... Cannabinoids, Trifluoromethyl compounds, Aminopyrimidines, Chlorobenzenes, All stub articles, Cannabinoid stubs). ... a selective CB2 receptor agonist for the treatment of inflammatory pain". Journal of Medicinal Chemistry. 50 (11): 2597-600. ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GW-842,166X
Exploring the Ligand Efficacy of Cannabinoid Receptor 1 (CB1) using Molecular Dynamics Simulations | Scientific ReportsExploring the Ligand Efficacy of Cannabinoid Receptor 1 (CB1) using Molecular Dynamics Simulations | Scientific Reports
Distinct efficacy profiles showed different therapeutic effects on CB1 dependent on three classes of ligands: agonists, ... method was applied to analyze the binding free energy decompositions of the CB1-ligand complexes. With these two methods, we ... simulations to identify the dynamic behaviors of inactive and active conformations of CB1 structures with the ligands. In ... CB1) is a promising therapeutic target for a variety of disorders. ...
https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-018-31749-z?error=cookies_not_supported&code=2168e437-07e7-4716-8387-4723b9e6d136
Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB1 | Harvard Catalyst Profiles | Harvard CatalystReceptor, Cannabinoid, CB1 | Harvard Catalyst Profiles | Harvard Catalyst
Cannabinoid, CB1" by people in Harvard Catalyst Profiles by year, and whether "Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB1" was a major or minor ... "Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB1" is a descriptor in the National Library of Medicines controlled vocabulary thesaurus, MeSH ( ... Below are the most recent publications written about "Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB1" by people in Profiles. ... Below are MeSH descriptors whose meaning is more general than "Receptor, Cannabinoid, CB1". ...
https://connects.catalyst.harvard.edu/Profiles/display/Concept/Receptor,%20Cannabinoid,%20CB1
A Study of an Active-State CB1 Receptor Model and Synthetic Cannabinoid Interactions | American Academy of Forensic SciencesA Study of an Active-State CB1 Receptor Model and Synthetic Cannabinoid Interactions | American Academy of Forensic Sciences
Spencer, Caroline, Oxford MS; Pettus, Kelsey L., University MS; Pandey, Pankaj, University MS; Doerksen, Robert J., University MS; Godfrey, Murrell, University ...
https://www.aafs.org/research/study-active-state-cb1-receptor-model-and-synthetic-cannabinoid-interactions
Erowid.org: Erowid Reference 6199 : CB1 cannabinoid receptors and on-demand defense against excitotoxicity : Marsicano G,...Erowid.org: Erowid Reference 6199 : CB1 cannabinoid receptors and on-demand defense against excitotoxicity : Marsicano G,...
Lutz B CB1 cannabinoid receptors and on-demand defense against excitotoxicity Science 2003 302(5642):84-8 ... "CB1 cannabinoid receptors and on-demand defense against excitotoxicity" Science. 2003 Oct 3;302(5642):84-8. ... We generated conditional mutant mice that lack expression of the cannabinoid receptor type 1 in principal forebrain neurons but ... The endogenous cannabinoid system thus provides on-demand protection against acute excitotoxicity in central nervous system ...
https://www.erowid.org/references/refs_view.php?ID=6199&S=Mann_H&SField=Author
Allosteric Interactions Between the Type 1 (CB1) and Type 2 (CB2) Cannabinoid Receptors Modify β-Arrestin2 RecruitmentAllosteric Interactions Between the Type 1 (CB1) and Type 2 (CB2) Cannabinoid Receptors Modify β-Arrestin2 Recruitment
Type 1 (CB1) and Type 2 (CB2) Cannabinoid receptors form heteromers with unique pharmacology compared to CB1 or CB2 alone. We ... Allosteric Interactions Between the Type 1 (CB1) and Type 2 (CB2) Cannabinoid Receptors Modify β-Arrestin2 Recruitment. ... Antagonism of CB1 or CB2 increased CP 55,940-induced β-arrestin2 recruitment to the heteromer partner. Thus, the CB1/CB2 ... CP 55,940 agonism in cells expressing CB1 and CB2 resulted in ~25% less β-arrestin2 recruitment to both CB1 and CB2, and these ...
https://dalspace.library.dal.ca/xmlui/handle/10222/80644
SLV330, a cannabinoid CB1 receptor antagonist, ameliorates deficits in the T-maze, object recognition and Social Recognition...
SLV330, a cannabinoid CB1 receptor antagonist, ameliorates deficits in the T-maze, object recognition and Social Recognition ... SLV330, a cannabinoid CB1 receptor antagonist, ameliorates deficits in the T-maze, object recognition and Social Recognition ... title = "SLV330, a cannabinoid CB1 receptor antagonist, ameliorates deficits in the T-maze, object recognition and Social ... SLV330, a cannabinoid CB1 receptor antagonist, ameliorates deficits in the T-maze, object recognition and Social Recognition ...
https://cris.maastrichtuniversity.nl/en/publications/slv330-a-cannabinoid-cb1-receptor-antagonist-ameliorates-deficits
Plasma membrane and lysosomal localization of CB1 cannabinoid receptor are dependent on lipid rafts and regulated by anandamide...
... that the type-1 cannabinoid receptor (CB1R), which belongs to the family of G-protein-coupled receptors, is expressed on the ... also impairs DRM-association of the receptor suggesting that the membrane distribution of the receptor is dependent on rafts ... However, a substantial proportion of the receptor is present in lysosomes. We found that CB1R is associated with cholesterol- ... of sucrose density gradients suggesting that CB1 raft-association is cholesterol dependent. Interestingly binding of the ...
https://hal-pasteur.archives-ouvertes.fr/pasteur-00167016
Cannabinoid CB1 receptor deficiency increases contextual fear memory under highly aversive conditions and long-term...Cannabinoid CB1 receptor deficiency increases contextual fear memory under highly aversive conditions and long-term...
The cannabinoid receptor type 1 (CB1) is abundantly expressed in the central. nervous system where it negatively controls the ... Cannabinoid CB1 receptor deficiency increases contextual fear memory under highly. aversive conditions and long-term ... Cannabinoid CB1 receptor deficiency increases contextual fear memory under highly aversive conditions and long-term ... Cannabinoid CB1 receptor deficiency increases contextual fear memory under highly aversive conditions and long-term ...
https://www.bordeaux-neurocampus.fr/article/cannabinoid-cb1-receptor-deficiency-increases-contextual-fear-memory-under-highly-aversive-conditions-and-long-term-potentiation-in-vivo/
Cannabinoid receptor CB1 mediates baseline and activity-induced survival of new neurons in adult hippocampal neurogenesis |...Cannabinoid receptor CB1 mediates baseline and activity-induced survival of new neurons in adult hippocampal neurogenesis |...
In addition we used cannabinoid receptor 1 (CB1) deficient mice and treatment with CB1 antagonist AM251 in Nestin-GFP-reporter ... which could be related to CB1 receptor mediated signaling in Doublecortin (DCX)-expressing intermediate progenitor cells. CB1 ... We found the neurogenic effect of CBD to be dependent on the CB1 receptor, which is expressed over the whole dentate gyrus. ... We found that in the absence of CB1 receptors, cell proliferation was increased and neuronal differentiation reduced, ...
https://biosignaling.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1478-811X-8-12
Efficacy and Safety of the CB1 Cannabinoid Receptor Blocker Rimonabant
One new agent in development is rimonabant, a selective cannabinoid type 1 (CB1) receptor blocker and the first member of a new ... Cite this: Efficacy and Safety of the CB1 Cannabinoid Receptor Blocker Rimonabant: Pooled Analysis of the RIO Program - ... Efficacy and Safety of the CB1 Cannabinoid Receptor Blocker Rimonabant: Pooled Analysis of the RIO Program ...
https://www.staging.medscape.com/viewarticle/570170
Differential expression of the neuronal CB1 cannabinoid receptor in the hippocampus of male Ts65Dn Down syndrome mouse model -...Differential expression of the neuronal CB1 cannabinoid receptor in the hippocampus of male Ts65Dn Down syndrome mouse model -...
Differential expression of the neuronal CB1 cannabinoid receptor in the hippocampus of male Ts65Dn Down syndrome mouse model ... Differential expression of the neuronal CB1 cannabinoid receptor in the hippocampus of male Ts65Dn Down syndrome mouse model. ...
https://hal-cnrs.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-03795570
CB1 & CB2 + GPR55? Another receptor for cannabinoids? | Marijuana Drug FactsCB1 & CB2 + GPR55? Another receptor for cannabinoids? | Marijuana Drug Facts
Is there a Third Cannabinoid Receptor?. We have long known about the two cannabinoid receptors: CB1 and CB2. Now there is ... The GPR55 receptor - the 55th in the series of G-protein-coupled receptors that also include CB1 and CB2 - is found in the ... GPR55 can explain some of the effects observed that are not mediated by the canonical cannabinoid receptors Cb1 and Cb2. To ... "orphan receptor" GPR55 - meaning its function had not yet been determined - as a "novel cannabinoid receptor." In the years ...
http://www.marijuanadrugfacts.com/marijuana-research/marijuana-science/cb1-cb2-gpr55-another-receptor-for-cannabinoids
Minutes of the 159th Meeting of the NATIONAL ADVISORY COUNCIL ON ALCOHOL ABUSE AND ALCOHOLISM | National Institute on Alcohol...Minutes of the 159th Meeting of the NATIONAL ADVISORY COUNCIL ON ALCOHOL ABUSE AND ALCOHOLISM | National Institute on Alcohol...
THC produces effects via partial agonism of the cannabinoid type 1 (CB1) receptor. The CB1 receptor is activated by the ... The CB1 receptor blockade reduced the number of sleep spindles when CB1 inverse agonist AM281 was injected; the CB1 full ... There are very few CB1 receptors in the thalamus itself, but there are many in the reticular neurons. In the future, LIN plans ... There are a robust set of pharmacological tools to look at the CB1 receptor, including potent agonists and inverse agonists/ ...
https://www.niaaa.nih.gov/about-niaaa/our-work/advisory-council/agenda-minutes/advisory-council-meeting-minutes/minutes-159th-meeting-national-advisory-council-alcohol-abuse-and
Cannabinoid receptor 1 binding activity and quantitative analysis of Cannabis sativa L. smoke and vaporCannabinoid receptor 1 binding activity and quantitative analysis of Cannabis sativa L. smoke and vapor
Cannabis vapor and smoke was tested for cannabinoid receptor 1 (CB1) binding activity and compared to pure Delta(9)- ... Cannabinoid receptor 1 binding activity and quantitative analysis of Cannabis sativa L. smoke and vapor Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) ... Cannabinoids plus other components such as terpenoids and pyrolytic by-products were identified and quantified in all samples. ... There was no statistically significant difference between CB1 binding of pure Delta(9)-THC compared to cannabis smoke and vapor ...
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20118579/
A novel allosteric modulator of the cannabinoid CB1 receptor ameliorates hyperdopaminergia endophenotypes in rodent models<...A novel allosteric modulator of the cannabinoid CB1 receptor ameliorates hyperdopaminergia endophenotypes in rodent models<...
A novel allosteric modulator of the cannabinoid CB1 receptor ameliorates hyperdopaminergia endophenotypes in rodent models. ... Dive into the research topics of A novel allosteric modulator of the cannabinoid CB1 receptor ameliorates hyperdopaminergia ... A novel allosteric modulator of the cannabinoid CB1 receptor ameliorates hyperdopaminergia endophenotypes in rodent models. / ... A novel allosteric modulator of the cannabinoid CB1 receptor ameliorates hyperdopaminergia endophenotypes in rodent models. In ...
https://abdn.pure.elsevier.com/en/publications/a-novel-allosteric-modulator-of-the-cannabinoid-cb1-receptor-amel
C&P#32: pain pain pain + where are your CB1 receptors? + your cannabinoids, your hormone cycle & you
For the orphaned GPR119 receptor (a receptor that might one day be officially designated as a cannabinoid receptor), it may be ... C&P#32: pain pain pain + where are your CB1 receptors? + your cannabinoids, your hormone cycle & you. MD & MO go legal + FDA ... Using computer modeling to analyze single-point mutations in a CB1 receptor. Evaluating Allosteric Perturbations in Cannabinoid ... CBG interacts with an adrenaline receptor (α-2 adrenoceptor) & a serotonin receptor (5-HT1A Receptor) as well as modulating the ...
https://www.cannabinoidsandthepeople.whitewhalecreations.com/p/c-and-p32-pain-pain-pain-where-are
Neurological Aspects of THC as a Treatment for Generalized Anxiety | Semantic ScholarNeurological Aspects of THC as a Treatment for Generalized Anxiety | Semantic Scholar
An Update on Non-CB1, Non-CB2 Cannabinoid Related G-Protein-Coupled Receptors. *P. Morales, P. Reggio ... Cannabinoid Receptors and the Endocannabinoid System: Signaling and Function in the Central Nervous System. *Shenglong Zou, U. ... Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol is a full agonist at CB1 receptors on GABA neuron axon terminals in the hippocampus. *N. Laaris, C. ... Insight is provided into the non- CB1, non-CB2 cannabinoid-related GPCRs that have been reported thus far to consider the ...
https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Neurological-Aspects-of-THC-as-a-Treatment-for-Kelly/855d62109462b20c1606eb76ec479d1fc258d372?p2df
The endocannabinoid system in migraine: from bench to pharma... : Current Opinion in NeurologyThe endocannabinoid system in migraine: from bench to pharma... : Current Opinion in Neurology
Allosteric modulators of the CB1 cannabinoid receptor: a structural update review. Cannabis Cannabinoid Res 2016; 1:22.. ... Cannabinoid (CB1) receptor activation inhibits trigeminovascular neurons. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2007; 320:64-71.. * Cited Here ... CB1 and CB2 cannabinoid receptor agonists induce peripheral antinociception by activation of the endogenous noradrenergic ... Cannabidiol is a negative allosteric modulator of the cannabinoid CB1 receptor. Br J Pharmacol 2015; 172:4790-4805.. ...
https://journals.lww.com/co-neurology/fulltext/2019/06000/The_endocannabinoid_system_in_migraine__from_bench.13.aspx
Neuropathology of Drug Addictions and Substance Misuse Volume 1 - 1st EditionNeuropathology of Drug Addictions and Substance Misuse Volume 1 - 1st Edition
Cannabis, Endocannabinoid CB1 Receptors, and the Neuropathology of Vision*Introduction. *Psychophysical Effects of Cannabinoids ... Role of Lipid Rafts and the Underlying Filamentous-Actin Cytoskeleton in Cannabinoid Receptor 1 Signaling*Cannabinoid Receptor ... Critical Role of Cannabinoid CB1 Receptors in Nicotine Reward and Addiction*Introduction ... Cannabis, Cannabinoid Receptors, and Stress-Induced Excitotoxicity*Introduction. *Endocannabinoid System and Stress: A ...
https://www.elsevier.com/books/neuropathology-of-drug-addictions-and-substance-misuse-volume-1/preedy/978-0-12-800213-1
Does the cannabinoid dronabinol reduce central pain in multiple sclerosis? Randomised double blind placebo controlled crossover...
Cannabinoids reduce hyperalgesia and inflammation via interaction with peripheral CB1 receptors. Pain 1998;75: 111-9. ... Actions of cannabinoid receptor ligands on rat cultured sensory neurones: implications for antinociception. Neuropharmacology ... Analgesic effect of the cannabinoid analogue nabilone is not mediated by opioid receptors. Lancet 1999;353: 560. ... The role of central and peripheral cannabinoid1 receptors in the antihyperalgesic activity of cannabinoids in a model of ...
https://www.bmj.com/content/329/7460/253.short
JCI - Hepatic CB1 receptor is required for development of diet-induced steatosis, dyslipidemia, and insulin and leptin...JCI - Hepatic CB1 receptor is required for development of diet-induced steatosis, dyslipidemia, and insulin and leptin...
Increased mortality, hypoactivity, and hypoalgesia in cannabinoid CB1 receptor knockout mice. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. ... Effects of the cannabinoid CB1 receptor antagonist SR141716 on oxygen consumption and soleus muscle glucose uptake in Lep(ob)/ ... CB1 cannabinoid receptor knockout in mice leads to leanness, resistance to diet-induced obesity and enhanced leptin sensitivity ... The cannabinoid CB1 receptor antagonist SR141716A (Rimonabant) enhances the metabolic benefits of long-term treatment with ...
https://www.jci.org/articles/view/34827
Research chemicals articles or hydrospace engineering
JWH-018 binds to both cannabinoid receptors the CB1. Posted on January 28, 2020. , By admin , No comments ... JWH-018 binds to both cannabinoid receptors the CB1. *Hexen is a psychoactive drug that was used previously for medicinal ... JWH-018 has effects like tetrahydrocannabinol (THC). Description JWH-018 binds to both cannabinoid receptors the […] ... Ethylphenidate is a synthetic cannabinoid of the class piperidine. *Cannabinoids for Chronic Pain - Igor Spigelman, PhD , UCLA ...
http://hs-eng.com
THC vs. CBD: Whats the Difference?THC vs. CBD: What's the Difference?
THC binds with the cannabinoid 1 (CB1) receptors in the brain. It produces a high or a sense of euphoria. This high may be ... CBD binds very weakly, if at all, to CB1 receptors. CBD needs THC to bind to the CB1 receptor and, in turn, can help reduce ... This allows them to interact with your cannabinoid receptors.. The interaction affects the release of neurotransmitters in your ... Cannabis (marijuana) and cannabinoids: What you need to know. (2019). nccih.nih.gov/health/cannabis-marijuana-and-cannabinoids- ...
https://www.healthline.com/health/cbd-vs-thc%23:~:text=Despite%2520their%2520similar%2520chemical%2520structures,anxiety%252C%2520depression%252C%2520and%2520seizures.
AM694 | C20H19FINO | ChemSpiderAM694 | C20H19FINO | ChemSpider
It is a se; lective agonist for the CB1 ca nnabinoid receptor; Ki values for the CB1 and CB2 receptors are 0.08 and 1.44 nM, ... cannabinoid receptor; Ki values for the CB,smallsub,1,/smallsub, and CB,smallsub,2,/smallsub, receptors are 0.08 and 1.44 nM, ...
http://www.chemspider.com/Chemical-Structure.8064843.html
Models & Methods </span>Models & Methods </span>
New natural ligands of cannabinoid receptors CB1 and/or CB2. HUMAN STUDIES:. *Observational studies in selected cohorts of ... Conditional KO mice for components of the endogenous cannabinoid system in either peripheral nociceptive neurons or central ...
https://www.upf.edu/web/neuropain/models-methods
cannabis News Research Tags Articles - Page 2 of 16 - Neuroscience Newscannabis News Research Tags Articles - Page 2 of 16 - Neuroscience News
Researchers report amnesia caused by cannabinoids relies on the activation of the CB1 receptor in mitochondria in the ... People with the specific genotype of the Cannabinoid receptor 1 gene may be more prone to cannabis use disorder. Researchers ... Cannabinoid Medications Make Pain Feel Less Unpleasant and More Tolerable. A new study reveals cannabinoid medications may not ... Cannabinoids are Easier on the Brain Than Booze. A new study reveals long term alcohol use is much more damaging to the brain ...
https://neurosciencenews.com/neuroscience-terms/cannabis/page/2/?filtered=atoz
Cannabidiol (CBD): MedlinePlus suplementosCannabidiol (CBD): MedlinePlus suplementos
The diverse CB1 and CB2 receptor pharmacology of three plant cannabinoids: delta9-tetrahydrocannabinol, cannabidiol and delat9- ... Cannabidiol inhibitory effect on marble-burying behavior: involvement of CB1 receptors. Behav Pharmacol 2010;21:353-8. View ... Med Cannabis Cannabinoids. 2018 Jun;1:65-72. *Xu DH, Cullen BD, Tang M, Fang Y. The Effectiveness of Topical Cannabidiol Oil in ... Cannabis Cannabinoid Res 2021. View abstract.. *Kaufmann R, Aqua K, Lombardo J, Lee M. Observed Impact of Long-term Consumption ...
https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/druginfo/natural/1439.html
Endocannabinoids And Obese Diabetic Patients | 420 MagazineEndocannabinoids And Obese Diabetic Patients | 420 Magazine
... composed of G-protein-coupled cannabinoid receptors of type 1 and 2 (CB1 and CB2), of endogenous ligands for such receptors, ... 2-AG: 2-arachidonoylglycerol; AEA: anandamide; BMI: body mass index; CB1: cannabinoid receptor type 1; EC: endocannabinoid; ECS ... where they stimulate lipogenesis via cannabinoid CB1 receptors and are under the negative control of leptin and insulin. ... particularly as AEA is known to interact also with non-cannabinoid receptors, including transient receptor potential vanilloid ...
https://www.420magazine.com/community/threads/endocannabinoids-and-obese-diabetic-patients.147407/
The potential benefit of the placebo effect in sham-controlled trials: implications for risk-benefit assessments and informed...The potential benefit of the placebo effect in sham-controlled trials: implications for risk-benefit assessments and informed...
Nonopioid placebo analgesia is mediated by CB1 cannabinoid receptors. Nat Med 2011;17:1228-30. ...
https://jme.bmj.com/content/39/11/703
10 Best CBD Companies to Buy From in 2022: Honest Reviews & Guide | Observer10 Best CBD Companies to Buy From in 2022: Honest Reviews & Guide | Observer
It stimulates the nervous systems CB2 receptors, which modulate inflammation. Unlike CB1 receptors, CB2 receptors do not cause ... CBD is just one of the 100+ cannabinoids found in hemp and marijuana. Other cannabinoids found in small amounts are ... It stimulates the nervous systems CB2 receptors, which modulate inflammation. Unlike CB1 receptors, CB2 receptors do not cause ... Instead, CBD acts as an inverse agonist at this receptor, making it harder for your CB1 receptors to bind with THC. As a result ...
https://observer.com/2022/10/10-best-cbd-companies-to-buy-from-in-2022-honest-reviews-complete-guide/
EndocannabinoidsPsychoactiveLigandsCannabidiolAgonistBindsAntagonistsAnandamideNeuronsTherapeuticAntagonistNeuronalHuman endocannabinoid systemTetrahydrocannabinolModulateHippocampusDensity of cannabinoid receptorsDistribution of cannabinoid receptorsStimulateSynthetic cannabinoidExogenous cannabinoidsHempPotentInteractsCompoundsAnti-inflammatoryMetabolismTerpenesProteinsNeurotransmittersRimonabantSelectiveActivatesCB1RPharmacologyCannabis plantsStimulatesRegulatesTHCVBrainRegulateEndocannabinoid receptorAgonistsAbundantFoundEfficacyHigh cannabinoidRare cannabinoidMinor CannabinoidsVarious cannabinoidsDifferent cannabinoids2021ProducesCalled the endocannabinoidDronabinolGPCRsBindAnticancer drugsDopamineDelta-9-THCBody's endocannabinoidMarijuanaImmune systemEffectsDeficiencyStimulationAbstractMiceNeurotransmitter
Endocannabinoids14
  • The endocannabinoid system (eCBs) encompasses the endocannabinoids, their synthetic and degradative enzymes, and cannabinoid (CB) receptors. (elsevier.com)
  • Evidence is summarized that there are certain central and peripheral disorders in which increases take place in the release of endocannabinoids onto their receptors and/or in the density or coupling efficiency of these receptors and that this upregulation is protective in some disorders but can have undesirable consequences in others. (semanticscholar.org)
  • The identification of its main active psychoactive ingredients led to the discovery of the cannabinoid receptors and their endogenous agonists, the endocannabinoids. (lww.com)
  • The endocannabinoids, anandamide and 2-AG, are produced by adipocytes, where they stimulate lipogenesis via cannabinoid CB1 receptors and are under the negative control of leptin and insulin. (420magazine.com)
  • The endocannabinoid system (ECS), composed of G-protein-coupled cannabinoid receptors of type 1 and 2 (CB1 and CB2), of endogenous ligands for such receptors, the endocannabinoids arachidonoylethanolamide (anandamide, AEA) and 2-arachidonoylglycerol (2-AG), and of enzymes catalysing endocannabinoid biosynthesis and degradation, is a key player in the control of metabolism at both central and peripheral levels [1]. (420magazine.com)
  • In the hypothalamus, endocannabinoids acting at CB1 receptors modulate the circuitries involved in food intake and are under the negative control of leptin [2]. (420magazine.com)
  • Aims: Recently, the endocannabinoid system emerged as a pivotal regulator of food intake, ingestive behavior and energy metabolism, acting through CB1 and its endogenous ligands, the endocannabinoids. (endocrine-abstracts.org)
  • There is a theory that cannabinoids from cannabis can fill the void left by a lack of endocannabinoids. (hightimes.com)
  • Cannabinoids are typically divided into two categories: phytocannabinoids (those produced by plants) and endocannabinoids (those naturally occurring in humans). (herbaldispatch.com)
  • It is composed of cannabinoid receptors and endocannabinoids, which interact with each other to regulate various physiological processes such as appetite, mood, and pain sensation. (herbaldispatch.com)
  • The endocannabinoid system works through the synergistic actions of cannabinoid receptors, endocannabinoids made by the body, and enzymes. (camillacastro.us)
  • Humans and animals alike naturally synthesize endocannabinoids, chemical compounds that activate the same receptors as delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), the active component of marijuana ( Cannabis sativa ). (medscape.com)
  • Once the receptors are activated, they end up being endocannabinoids and the plant cannabinoids in cannabis and hemp. (scotchcigars.com)
  • In the event the outbound signs and symptoms remain, antipsychotic Your endocannabinoid routine, which commonly be inclined regarding epileptogenesis, has 2 G-proteins bundled receptors (cannabinoid model 1 CB1 not to mention cannabinoid variety 2 CB2) and a pair of endogenously synthesized, lipid-signaling endocannabinoids (anandamide N-arachidonyl ethanolamide and even 2-arachidonoyl glycerol 2-AG) that may content that will CB1 as well as CB2. (davidslandscapeconstruction.ca)
Psychoactive12
  • CBD needs THC to bind to the CB1 receptor and, in turn, can help reduce some of the unwanted psychoactive effects of THC, such as euphoria or sedation. (healthline.com)
  • Unlike THC, CBD and other cannabinoids do not have psychoactive properties. (laweekly.com)
  • The psychoactive chemical, delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) was isolated in the mid-1960s while other aspects of the endocannabinoid system [cannabinoid receptors (CB1 and CB2) and key endogenous cannabinoids (2-arachidonoyl glycerol and anandamide)] were identified over 20 years later. (frontiersin.org)
  • Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) is another well-known cannabinoid that produces the strong psychoactive effects of being "high. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • This may reduce the psychoactive effects of THC and may increase the number of circulating cannabinoids. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • The way the main psychoactive and non-psychoactive cannabinoids impact memory can be beneficial to PTSD patients. (hightimes.com)
  • Of many classes of novel psychoactive substances, synthetic cannabinoids account for the enormous majority which are commonly encountered (Tracy et al. (springeropen.com)
  • The jury's out on whether even large amounts of this cannabinoid can be considered psychoactive - but on its own, and in the low doses found in commercial cannabis products, CBN isn't likely to get you high. (wanawellness.com)
  • Tetrahydrocannabivarin (THCV) is a cannabinoid that, if present in high enough doses, can interact with the body's endocannabinoid receptors to induce psychoactive effects. (sunnyskiescbd.com)
  • However, when combined with four hydrogen atoms, CBD's affinity for CB1 is significantly increased, making the new cannabinoid (H4CBD) more psychoactive. (kannastar.com)
  • THC is the most abundant cannabinoid found in cannabis, and it contains psychoactive properties that give users a "high. (cbdliving.com)
  • When your community grounds a passing hypertensions, the first time to get the effects of same effects to the psychoactive effects is it edible is the most important thought of interacts with something like it, CBG, and CB1. (dropsmobile.com)
Ligands3
  • Distinct efficacy profiles showed different therapeutic effects on CB1 dependent on three classes of ligands: agonists, antagonists, and inverse agonists. (nature.com)
  • To discriminate the distinct efficacy profiles of the ligands, we carried out molecular dynamics (MD) simulations to identify the dynamic behaviors of inactive and active conformations of CB1 structures with the ligands. (nature.com)
  • Our findings shed light on the understanding of different efficacy profiles of ligands by analyzing the structural behaviors of intact CB1 structures and the binding energies of ligands, thereby yielding insights that are useful for the design of new potent CB1 drugs. (nature.com)
Cannabidiol15
  • Cannabidiol (CBD) is the main non-psychotropic compound of the plant cannabis sativa and belongs to the group of exogenous cannabinoids [ 15 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and cannabidiol (CBD) are two of the most recognized cannabinoids, but there are many others that are gaining attention for their potential therapeutic effects. (herbaldispatch.com)
  • If you're reading this article, you've almost certainly heard of the cannabinoid known as CBD, or cannabidiol. (wanawellness.com)
  • Cannabidiol (CBD) is a type of cannabinoid that occurs naturally in cannabis plants. (blosumcbd.com)
  • Cannabidiol (CBD) - One of the four most well-known cannabinoids found in the cannabis plant. (cbdmaxonline.com)
  • Based on a 2011 study titled "Safety and side effects of cannabidiol, a Cannabis sativa constituent" revealed that CBD has a better safety profile than THC and other cannabinoids. (scotchcigars.com)
  • Cannabidiol and other non-habit forming cannabinoids could be used as novel therapeutic agents for the treatment of prostate cancer. (cbdepot.eu)
  • Most non-THC plant cannabinoids e.g. cannabidiol and cannabigerol, seem to be devoid of psychotropic properties. (cbdepot.eu)
  • Our overall findings support the concept that cannabidiol, which lacks psychotropic activity, may possess anti-inflammatory property and down regulates both cannabinoid receptors, PSA, VEGF, IL-6 and IL-8. (cbdepot.eu)
  • Within this group, epilepsy is refractory in up to 40 % of patients, who have shown para el control de síntomas refractarios en a decrease in the frequency of seizures with the concomitant use of cannabidiol and conventional antiepileptics, with mild síndromes convulsivos side effects such as diarrhea and drowsiness. (bvsalud.org)
  • Como parte de las terapias alternativas para el control de síntomas refractarios en enfermedades avanzadas destaca el uso de cannabidiol. (bvsalud.org)
  • 40 % de los pacientes, quienes han demostrado disminución en la frecuencia de convulsiones con el uso concomitante de cannabidiol y antiepilépticos convencionales, con efectos secundarios leves, como diarrea y somnolencia. (bvsalud.org)
  • de determinar el uso del cannabidiol para el control de síntomas neurológicos refractarios en pacientes con síndromes convulsivos y enfermedades neurodegenerativas, se realizó una búsqueda bibliográfica en Pubmed, Scopus y Embase. (bvsalud.org)
  • Los efectos del cannabidiol lo convierten en una alternativa, of the title and research adicional a la terapéutica convencional, para el control de síntomas en trastornos neurológicos, disminuyendo de forma objectives, exhaustive sostenida el número total de episodios con un perfil de seguridad aceptable. (bvsalud.org)
  • Existe limitada información respecto al uso de search of information in cannabidiol en enfermedades neurodegenerativas, por lo que no se ha evidenciado su efectividad. (bvsalud.org)
Agonist5
  • Interestingly binding of the agonist, anandamide (AEA) also impairs DRM-association of the receptor suggesting that the membrane distribution of the receptor is dependent on rafts and is possibly regulated by the agonist binding. (archives-ouvertes.fr)
  • When an agonist binds to CB1 a G protein is activated which, in turn, triggers a cellular response mediated by cAMP and a subsequent internalization mediated by ß-Arrestin. (innoprot.com)
  • In this work, we investigated the effects of CB1 activation/blockade in mouse 3T3-L1 adypocite cells by using WIN55,212, a CB1/CB2 agonist and rimonabant, a specific CB1 antagonist, in different experimental settings such as acute treatment on pre-adipocytes and on mature adipocytes, and chronic treatment during di. (endocrine-abstracts.org)
  • THCV, like Delta-9-THC, can act as an agonist of the body's CB1 endocannabinoid receptor, although the effects of THCV are much weaker than THC. (sunnyskiescbd.com)
  • This chemical is a potent agonist of the CB1 receptor, but whether it is selective. (lds-chem.com)
Binds9
  • THC binds with the cannabinoid 1 (CB1) receptors in the brain. (healthline.com)
  • CBD binds very weakly, if at all, to CB1 receptors. (healthline.com)
  • It also binds to cannabinoid 2 (CB2) receptors located in the brainstem and hippocampus, which has links to memory and emotions. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • When a ligand binds to the CB2 Receptor, it activates a G protein, which internalizes in big and high intensity vesicles. (innoprot.com)
  • When a ligand binds to the CB1, it activates a G protein, which in turn, triggers a cellular response mediated by a second messenger. (innoprot.com)
  • THCV binds with both CB1 and CB2 receptors, which allows it to provide a range of therapeutic benefits. (herbaldispatch.com)
  • When CBD enters the body, it binds with cannabinoid receptors present in the endocannabinoid system (ECS) . (blosumcbd.com)
  • Researchers found that CBD binds with CB1 receptors, 5-HT1A receptors plus other receptors in the brain that modulate anxiety. (blosumcbd.com)
  • CBD works by interacting with the endocannabinoid system (ECS) in the human body in which it binds with CB2 receptors only - delivering the health benefits without any unwanted side effects. (naturecan.ie)
Antagonists4
  • It was synthesized previously to develop a better understanding of the human endocannabinoid system and to determine cannabinoid receptor antagonists that would deficient the undesired powerful effects. (hs-eng.com)
  • CB1 antagonists may reduce body weight and improve metabolic profiles in animals and humans by a double mechanism: at first, they target mesolimbic and hypothalamic nuclei and, thereafter, peripheral organs involved in energy storage and expenditure. (endocrine-abstracts.org)
  • Cannabinoid antagonists may enhance the duration of the pattern of the scallop in mice. (dailysandiegonews.com)
  • The failure of the metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 antagonists falls on the heels of the failure of Arbaclofen’s efficacy in children and adults with autism or FXS. (cdc.gov)
Anandamide4
  • Plasma membrane and lysosomal localization of CB1 cannabinoid receptor are dependent on lipid rafts and regulated by anandamide in human breast cancer cells. (archives-ouvertes.fr)
  • Because THC stimulates our brain's natural cannabinoid receptors (CB1) far more strongly and longer than the endogenous cannabinoid neurotransmitters anandamide and 2-AG, cannabis use throws brain chemistry out of balance temporarily, usually to people's enjoyment. (psychologytoday.com)
  • The lower than normal number of available receptors left anandamide and 2-AG with fewer opportunities to have an impact. (psychologytoday.com)
  • The background of depression is especially affected by the CB1 receptor and endocannabinoid anandamide (2,3). (hamppumaa.fi)
Neurons11
  • A subclass of cannabinoid receptor found primarily on central and peripheral NEURONS where it may play a role modulating NEUROTRANSMITTER release. (harvard.edu)
  • Cannabinoid 1 receptor signaling on GABAergic neurons influences astrocytes in the ageing brain. (harvard.edu)
  • We generated conditional mutant mice that lack expression of the cannabinoid receptor type 1 in principal forebrain neurons but not in adjacent inhibitory interneurons. (erowid.org)
  • The endogenous cannabinoid system thus provides on-demand protection against acute excitotoxicity in central nervous system neurons. (erowid.org)
  • CB1 affected the stages of adult neurogenesis that involve intermediate highly proliferative progenitor cells and the survival and maturation of new neurons. (biomedcentral.com)
  • The receptor "receives the chemical and sends messages to cells such as neurons," according to Robert Sindelar, chief science officer and head of product development at BAS Research - a Berkeley, California-based licensed manufacturer of "white-label" cannabis products. (marijuanadrugfacts.com)
  • Whenever neurons containing CB1 receptors are over-stimulated by THC's stronger and longer activation, a homeostatic response follows in an effort to rebalance the brain. (psychologytoday.com)
  • As a result, neurons immediately react to THC's over-stimulation by reducing the number of CB1 receptors. (psychologytoday.com)
  • By downregulating CB1 receptors, neurons partially regain some balance. (psychologytoday.com)
  • Ethanol induces persistent potentiation of 5-HT receptor-stimulated GABA release at synapses on rat hippocampal CA1 neurons. (neurotree.org)
  • Many structures and processes are involved in the development of a seizure, including neurons, ion channels, receptors, glia, and inhibitory and excitatory synapses. (medscape.com)
Therapeutic10
  • Cannabinoid receptor 1 (CB1) is a promising therapeutic target for a variety of disorders. (nature.com)
  • Thus, CB1 is a promising therapeutic target for a variety of disorders. (nature.com)
  • This receptor, GPR55, may be key to understanding a wide spectrum of therapeutic applications for cannabinoids - and especially CBD. (marijuanadrugfacts.com)
  • Most impressive was a 2015 overview published by Frontiers in Pharmacology, which found that two orphan receptors as well as the "deorphanized" GPR55 "may be promising therapeutic targets, with diverse physiological roles," ranging from gastrointestinal to bone disorders. (marijuanadrugfacts.com)
  • It is believed that the therapeutic significance of cannabinoids is masked by the adverse effects and here alternative strategies are discussed to take therapeutic advantage of cannabinoids. (semanticscholar.org)
  • The aim of the present study was to determine the cannabinoid chemotypes used for therapeutic purposes in Argentina and evaluate whether the cannabinoids present in home-made derivatives are comparable to those in commercially available products. (researchgate.net)
  • Conclusions Our results indicate that despite their considerable variability, home-made preparations as a whole show cannabinoid levels and profiles equivalent to the commercially available products commonly used for medicinal, therapeutic and palliative purposes in Argentina. (researchgate.net)
  • When we consume activated cannabinoids, we can experience the therapeutic benefits of the cannabis plant. (medicalmarijuana411.com)
  • In this guide, we'll explore the different cannabinoids found in cannabis and discuss the potential therapeutic benefits that each one may offer. (herbaldispatch.com)
  • Each cannabinoid has its own unique effects, and understanding how they interact with each other is key to utilizing cannabis for its therapeutic potential. (herbaldispatch.com)
Antagonist3
  • The Δ 9 -tetrahydrocannabivarin (THCV) 21 is a CB1 antagonist that is structurally similar to THC. (nature.com)
  • In addition we used cannabinoid receptor 1 (CB1) deficient mice and treatment with CB1 antagonist AM251 in Nestin-GFP-reporter mice to investigate the role of the CB1 receptor in adult neurogenesis in detail. (biomedcentral.com)
  • It is well known that cannabinoid type 1 receptor (CB1) antagonist drugs may reduce body weight and improve metabolic profiles in obese animals and humans by a double mechanism: at first, targeting mesolimbic and hypothalamic nuclei and, thereafter, peripheral organs involved in energy storage and expenditure. (endocrine-abstracts.org)
Neuronal5
  • Whereas the impact of synthetic cannabinoids on the neuronal progenitor cells has been described, there has been lack of information about the action of plant-derived extracts on neurogenesis. (biomedcentral.com)
  • We found that in the absence of CB1 receptors, cell proliferation was increased and neuronal differentiation reduced, which could be related to CB1 receptor mediated signaling in Doublecortin (DCX)-expressing intermediate progenitor cells. (biomedcentral.com)
  • 2010). Changes in tissue volume, morphology and composition have been reported in neuronal structures rich in cannabinoid receptors, most notably the hippocampus (Matochik et al . (medscape.com)
  • Unlike neuronal tissue, fibre-enriched structures become depleted of cannabinoid (CB) receptors as the rat brain matures. (medscape.com)
  • Local modulation by presynaptic receptors controls neuronal communication and behaviour. (neurotree.org)
Human endocannabinoid system2
  • A scientific study published last year was the latest to focus the research community on the potential of the GPR55 receptor, which is now known to be the third identified receptor in the human endocannabinoid system. (marijuanadrugfacts.com)
  • What CBG vs CBD debate, another noteworthy point is that just like CBD, CBG also attaches to the receptors in the human endocannabinoid system, however it does not have a preference when it comes to attaching to CB1 or CB2 receptors. (naturecan.ie)
Tetrahydrocannabinol5
  • Cannabis vapor and smoke was tested for cannabinoid receptor 1 (CB1) binding activity and compared to pure Delta(9)-tetrahydrocannabinol (Delta(9)-THC). (nih.gov)
  • 28 29 A large multicentre randomised placebo controlled study including 630 multiple sclerosis patients found an improvement in pain after 15 weeks of treatment with cannabinoids (oral δ-9-tetrahydrocannabinol or cannabis extract). (bmj.com)
  • dimethylhexyl)-?8-tetrahydrocannabinol (10), exhibits 52-fold selectivity for this receptor with good (28 nM) affinity. (rti.org)
  • De Giacomo V, Ruehle S, Lutz B, Häring M, Remmers F (2021) Differential glutamatergic and GABAergic contributions to the tetrad effects of Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol revealed by cell-type-specific reconstitution of the CB1 receptor. (unimedizin-mainz.de)
  • The most pharmacologically and toxicologically relevant as well as the most well-understood cannabinoid is tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), Dr. Boothe states. (wunderpetcbd.com)
Modulate3
  • Cannabinoids modulate functions and activity of signaling pathways that have a key role in pain control. (lww.com)
  • Innoprot Green Fluorescent CB2 Cannabinoid Receptor Cell Line allows to assay compounds, or analyze their capability to modulate CB2 activation and the following redistribution process inside the cells. (innoprot.com)
  • Innoprot HiTSeeker CB1 Cell Line allows to assay compounds, or analyze their capability to modulate CB1. (innoprot.com)
Hippocampus3
  • In the present study, the role of CB1 was investigated in three different hippocampus-dependent memory tasks and in in vivo hippocampal synaptic plasticity in knockout (CB1-ko) and wildtype mice. (bordeaux-neurocampus.fr)
  • In conclusion, CB1 deficiency leads to enhanced contextual fear memory and altered synaptic plasticity in the hippocampus, supporting the key role of endocannabinoid signalling in learning and memory, in particular following highly aversive encounters. (bordeaux-neurocampus.fr)
  • Researchers report amnesia caused by cannabinoids relies on the activation of the CB1 receptor in mitochondria in the hippocampus. (neurosciencenews.com)
Density of cannabinoid receptors2
  • 1997). In adulthood, the density of cannabinoid receptors in these fibre-enriched structures has been found to diminish, eventually supplanted by the classical distribution of cannabinoid receptors (Romero et al . (medscape.com)
  • However, the most important activities of the ECS may be in pain control and immunity function as evidenced by the higher density of cannabinoid receptors in those areas. (siciley.com)
Distribution of cannabinoid receptors1
  • This widespread distribution of cannabinoid receptors is the reason why THC produces such powerful physical and psychological effects. (medicalnewstoday.com)
Stimulate4
  • Gabet and Bab's team are building off of studies they have conducted in the past, where they discovered that the cannabinoid receptors within our bodies both stimulate bone formation and prevent bone loss. (medicaldaily.com)
  • Cannabinoids like CBD, CBG, and CBN stimulate our CB1&CB2 receptors to help encourage homeostasis in our bodies In short. (pinterest.ph)
  • Rather, THCV seems to stimulate your CB1 cannabinoid receptors in a way that naturally curbs cravings. (wanawellness.com)
  • CBD does not stimulate the receptors, unlike THC that stimulates the CB1 and CB2 receptors. (scotchcigars.com)
Synthetic cannabinoid5
  • Overview NM-2201 is an effective synthetic cannabinoid that is known as 1-pentyl-3-(1-naphthoyl) indole chemically. (hs-eng.com)
  • Hexen, or Hexen (N-Ethylhexedrone), is a synthetic cannabinoid that is classified as an artificial cathinone. (hs-eng.com)
  • Overview Ethylphenidate is a synthetic cannabinoid of the class piperidine and closely related to methylphenidate. (hs-eng.com)
  • In 2014, the new synthetic cannabinoid, THJ-2201 [(1-(5-fluoropentyl)-1H-indazol-3-yl)(naphthalen-1-yl) methanone], had been found in the USA, Japan, and Russia. (springeropen.com)
  • Indazole-based synthetic cannabinoid, 5-FADB , has been used in the manufacture of designer drugs and sold online as an active ingredient in synthetic cannabis products. (lds-chem.com)
Exogenous cannabinoids1
  • Growing preclinical evidence and initial clinical findings suggest that modulation of the endocannabinoid system, via endogenous or exogenous cannabinoids may be relevant for migraine via multiple mechanisms. (lww.com)
Hemp12
  • Pisupati and colleagues [4] analyzed the nuclear genomic diversity among cannabis varieties, including fiber hemp and seed oil hemp, high cannabinoid drug-types, and feral populations. (lww.com)
  • They found the existence of at least three major groups of diversity with European hemp varieties, with genetic groups having different cannabinoid and terpenoid content. (lww.com)
  • Contains CBD, THC (0.3% or less), other cannabinoids, natural terpenes (hemp plant compounds responsible for flavor and aroma as well as other wellness benefits), flavonoids (hemp plant compounds responsible for pigmentation). (holistapet.com)
  • Cannabinoid, also known as Cannabis Oil or CBD, is a chemical compound which comes from marijuana or hemp. (cbdual.com)
  • Every selection of the cannabis family members creates cannabinoids, consisting of hemp. (hempconspiracy.net)
  • Are the cannabinoids derived from broad-spectrum hemp oil rather than isolate? (wanawellness.com)
  • At the moment, hemp-derived CBD is still the only cannabinoid found in Wana Wellness products. (wanawellness.com)
  • The flower parts of the hemp plant contain a wider variety and higher concentrations of cannabinoids and terpenes than the stalks and stems. (aarti-aunty.com)
  • This broad spectrum CBD product utilizes the whole hemp plant, meaning our CBD vape pens are naturally rich in cannabinoids and, due to our unique blend, it's also rich in amino acids and fatty acids. (aarti-aunty.com)
  • The marijuana, or hemp, plant contains over 450 unique chemicals, the most well-known of which are more than 70 cannabinoids. (wunderpetcbd.com)
  • It is considered a major cannabinoid of hemp. (cbdliving.com)
  • I have a few pounds of receptors to certainly work on our limited sources and Keoni it it reddit can't feel it it to be investigated by American-grown hemp seeds and tests. (dropsmobile.com)
Potent4
  • Improved cyclobutyl nabilone analogs as potent CB1 receptor agonists. (harvard.edu)
  • While research surrounding THCV is still in its infancy, research has shown cannabinoids can have a potent effect on appetite. (sunnyskiescbd.com)
  • THCV also has potent anti-inflammatory properties like many other cannabinoids, including CBD and CBG. (sunnyskiescbd.com)
  • H4CBD is 100x more potent than CBD at your CB1 receptor and has greater anti-inflammatory properties than CBD. (kannastar.com)
Interacts9
  • Because there is a growing body of evidence around the GPR55 receptor, including the 2017 study which discovered the GPR55 receptor's role in treating Dravet syndrome, Sindelar says there is more pressure on the academic community to continue researching the GPR55 receptor as a potential target for epilepsy treatment, especially in terms of how it interacts with CBD. (marijuanadrugfacts.com)
  • The Endocannabinoid System (ECS) interacts with other non-cannabinoid systems, like the endorphin system, the immune system, and the vanilloid system responsible for changing pain from acute to chronic. (pinterest.ph)
  • Learn more about your ECS, how it works inside the body, and how it interacts with cannabinoids like CBD and THC to help improve your overall health and wellbeing. (pinterest.ph)
  • Serotonin interacts with 5-HT1A receptors, which play a significant role in anxiety disorders. (blosumcbd.com)
  • Cannabinoid - Any chemical, natural or synthetic, that interacts with the endocannabinoid system. (cbdmaxonline.com)
  • THC oil interacts with the serotonin receptors in the brain and maintains its balance. (articlesfit.com)
  • CBG interacts directly with both of our CB1 and CB2 cannabinoid receptors within our brain for a more powerful effect on the endocannabinoid system vs CBD. (naturecan.ie)
  • When it comes to CBD vs CBG, you will find that CBG interacts with these very same receptors, making it clear this relatively unknown cannabinoid has the potential to deliver positive impacts on the body in a similar way to CBD. (naturecan.ie)
  • The intracellular (or cytoplasmic ) domain of the receptor interacts with the interior of the cell or organelle, relaying the signal. (ipfs.io)
Compounds9
  • One new agent in development is rimonabant, a selective cannabinoid type 1 (CB1) receptor blocker and the first member of a new class of compounds targeting the endocannabinoid system, which has a key role in the regulation of energy balance and body composition. (medscape.com)
  • All of these compounds showed selectivity for the CB2 receptor and one of them, 1-bromo-1-deoxy-3-(1? (rti.org)
  • 16:46): Synthetic cannabinoids tend to be unsafe compounds that should be avoided. (bmtinfonet.org)
  • Cannabinoids are a class of chemical compounds which act on the cannabinoid receptors in cells which repress neurotransmitter release in a person's brain. (cbdual.com)
  • The stem contains very little THC but a high proportion of CBD and other nonpsychotropic cannabinoids as well as flavonoids, terpenoids and other potentially beneficial compounds, Dr. Boothe says. (wunderpetcbd.com)
  • Cannabinoids are compounds that activate certain nerve receptors in the brain and body. (siciley.com)
  • Additionally, some common edible and medicinal plants contain cannabinoids or cannabinoid-like compounds, which helps to explain their popular uses. (siciley.com)
  • These chemical compounds are known as cannabinoids. (cbdliving.com)
  • Cannabinoid compounds are smoked or vaporized by heating them at a temperature below the point at which combustion occurs, thereby releasing various cannabinoid vapors without burning any plant matter. (newstylereal.com)
Anti-inflammatory2
  • One study in Frontiers in Pharmacology, suggested cannabinoids' anti-inflammatory effect may reduce inflammation too much. (aarti-aunty.com)
  • Cannabinoids, the active components of Cannabis sativa Linnaeus , have received renewed interest in recent years due to their diverse pharmacologic activities such as cell growth inhibition, anti-inflammatory effects and tumor regression, but their use in chemotherapy is limited by their psychotropic activity. (cbdepot.eu)
Metabolism3
  • In addition, CB1 receptors help regulate metabolism and appetite. (cbdmaxonline.com)
  • Cannabinoids of medical significance appear to undergo first-pass metabolism and, as such, the risk of toxicity with inhalant products is much greater than with oral products, Dr. Boothe says. (wunderpetcbd.com)
  • they react with the receptor to induce changes in the metabolism and activity of a cell. (ipfs.io)
Terpenes2
  • Full-spectrum CBD products are as their name suggests: They contain all of the constituents of the plant, including terpenes, essential oils, flavonoids, and over 100 other cannabinoids, in addition to CBD. (peels.com)
  • This is followed by what's called "winterization," which removes the other terpenes and cannabinoids from the plant. (peels.com)
Proteins3
  • Guanine is associated with the G proteins because of how these receptors interact with cells. (marijuanadrugfacts.com)
  • Their work focuses primarily on rhodopsin and the cannabinoid receptor CB1, studying how these proteins interact with their affiliate signaling partners (G-proteins, arrestins and kinases). (ohsu.edu)
  • [2] [3] Many membrane receptors include transmembrane proteins . (ipfs.io)
Neurotransmitters2
  • The cannabinoid receptor type 1 (CB1) is abundantly expressed in the central nervous system where it negatively controls the release of several neurotransmitters. (bordeaux-neurocampus.fr)
  • The receptor class may play a role in modulating the release of signaling molecules such as NEUROTRANSMITTERS and CYTOKINES . (nih.gov)
Rimonabant1
  • Cite this: Efficacy and Safety of the CB1 Cannabinoid Receptor Blocker Rimonabant: Pooled Analysis of the RIO Program - Medscape - Feb 02, 2008. (medscape.com)
Selective2
  • We wanted to determine if the Tango β- arrestin2 luc reporter assay could measure heteromer-dependant allosteric modulation of β-arrestin2 recruitment to CB1 and CB2 following non-selective agonism with CP 55,940 and antagonism using AM251 or AM630. (dal.ca)
  • Thus, the CB1/CB2 heteromer negatively modulates β-arrestin2 recruitment following non-selective agonism, and positively modulates β-arrestin2 recruitment following antagonism with AM251 or AM630. (dal.ca)
Activates4
  • THC attaches itself to cannabin-oid receptors and activates them. (news-medical.net)
  • CBD activates particular receptors like serotonin and adenosine. (scotchcigars.com)
  • When CBD activates the adenosine receptors, it can help relieve anxiety since the adenosine receptors release dopamine. (scotchcigars.com)
  • and kava - a calming medicinal herb with a cannabinoid-like compound that activates cannabinoid receptors in the brain[10]. (siciley.com)
CB1R2
  • In this report we show, by confocal analysis of indirect immunofluorescence, that the type-1 cannabinoid receptor (CB1R), which belongs to the family of G-protein-coupled receptors, is expressed on the plasma membrane in human breast cancer MDA-MB-231 cells. (archives-ouvertes.fr)
  • Here, we investigate the ability of a novel CB1 receptor (CB1R) allosteric modulator, ABM300, to ameliorate these dysregulated behaviors. (elsevier.com)
Pharmacology1
  • Type 1 (CB1) and Type 2 (CB2) Cannabinoid receptors form heteromers with unique pharmacology compared to CB1 or CB2 alone. (dal.ca)
Cannabis plants5
  • CBD is one of over one hundred cannabinoids that occur naturally in cannabis plants. (holistapet.com)
  • Cannabinoids are produced in the flowers and leaves of cannabis plants, with each plant typically containing dozens of different cannabinoids. (herbaldispatch.com)
  • Although there are more than 100 different cannabinoids found in cannabis plants, only a few have been studied in-depth. (herbaldispatch.com)
  • A rare cannabinoid found in cannabis plants, THCV is a cousin of the well-known compound THC. (herbaldispatch.com)
  • It's a cannabinoid, one of a family of molecules that are unique to cannabis plants. (healthmj.com)
Stimulates2
  • When THC stimulates CB1 receptors in the amygdala, cannabinoid tone increases, lowering the bar for any stimulus being imbued with a sense of novelty. (psychologytoday.com)
  • This receptor stimulates appetite, so blocking this can help reduce appetite and decrease hunger signals. (sunnyskiescbd.com)
Regulates1
  • Treatment with Cannabis extract containing high CBD down regulates CB1, CB2, VEGF, PSA, pro-inflammatory cytokines/chemokine IL-6/IL-8. (cbdepot.eu)
THCV3
  • Sometimes referred to as the "skinny cannabinoid," THCV may in fact aid with weight loss. (wanawellness.com)
  • While most cannabinoids increase your appetite, recent studies have indicated that THCV could have the opposite effect. (sunnyskiescbd.com)
  • While researchers are still not fully sure how this occurs, many believe THCV blocks the CB1 receptor. (sunnyskiescbd.com)
Brain22
  • Bone Anabolic Response in the Calvaria Following Mild Traumatic Brain Injury is Mediated by the Cannabinoid-1 Receptor. (harvard.edu)
  • The GPR55 receptor - the 55th in the series of G-protein-coupled receptors that also include CB1 and CB2 - is found in the brain and gastrointestinal tract. (marijuanadrugfacts.com)
  • CBD targets the CB1 and CB2 receptors in the brain to alleviate different medical problems. (laweekly.com)
  • A 2018 review in Surgical Neurology International indicates that CBD may reduce inflammation in the brain by indirectly interacting with CB2 receptors. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • Cannabis use typically begins during adolescence and early adulthood, a period when cannabinoid receptors are still abundant in white matter pathways across the brain. (medscape.com)
  • In particular, cannabinoid receptors have been detected in white matter structures of the foetal and post-natal rat brain, including the corpus callosum, anterior commissure, fornix, stria terminalis and stria medullaris (Romero et al . (medscape.com)
  • More generally, developing white matter may be at greater risk of damage due to its higher concentration of cannabinoid receptors relative to the mature brain, an important consideration given adolescence and young adulthood is the peak time of cannabis initiation. (medscape.com)
  • Understanding THC's interaction with the brain's important natural cannabinoid chemistry and physiology will now make sense of the impact that overly frequent cannabis use has on the brain and mental functioning. (psychologytoday.com)
  • CB1 receptors are found primarily in the brain, while CB2 receptors are found throughout the immune system and other bodily tissues. (herbaldispatch.com)
  • The human brain has specific receptors for cannabinoids: CB1 and CB2. (healthmj.com)
  • While the human brain is a complicated organ the scientific community has not fully mastered however, it has been proven to be in contact with cannabinoids. (dailysandiegonews.com)
  • This is the first research to demonstrate that synthetic cannabinoids could interfere with brain dopamine release. (dailysandiegonews.com)
  • Besides, the body naturally produces cannabinoids used in the brain and throughout the body. (blosumcbd.com)
  • Cannabinoid 1 (CB1) Receptor - CB1 receptors are found primarily in the brain, central nervous system, lungs, liver, and kidneys, as well as on the skin. (cbdmaxonline.com)
  • When CBD is used, it attaches itself to particular receptors in the brain. (scotchcigars.com)
  • When someone takes CBD, it affects the endocannabinoid system composed of receptors found all over the body and brain. (scotchcigars.com)
  • THC plays its role by binding with the CB1 and CB2 receptors in the brain. (articlesfit.com)
  • THC is responsible for most of the psychotropic or behavioral effects of the Cannabis plant, and it acts by binding to the CB-1 receptor in the brain. (wunderpetcbd.com)
  • CBD acts on your brain and body through a network of receptors called the endocannabinoid system (ECS). (siciley.com)
  • Cannabinoids and their receptors throughout the brain and body form an interconnected network called the endocannabinoid system (ECS). (siciley.com)
  • CB1 receptors, which are mostly concentrated in the central nervous system - your brain and spinal cord and mostly in areas of the central nervous system that have to do with processing pain messages from the body[12].CB2 receptors, which are more evenly distributed throughout the body and are especially prevalent in the immune system[12]. (siciley.com)
  • When delta 9 THC is synthesized to create delta 10 THC, it affects how the delta 10 THC product reacts to the CB1 and CB2 receptors in your brain. (cbdliving.com)
Regulate4
  • We'll also provide an overview of the endocannabinoid system, a network of receptors and enzymes that helps regulate many physiological processes in humans. (herbaldispatch.com)
  • These cannabinoid receptors within the human body can help regulate various processes that we experience every day like mood, memory, pain sensation, and appetite. (scotchcigars.com)
  • These receptors regulate important functions in the human body such as appetite, sleep and pain control, among others. (naturecan.ie)
  • Rotation Model: Ligand binding to the extracellular part of the receptor induces the rotation of the receptor's transmembrane region inside the cell membrane, in doing so regulate it's activity inside the cell. (ipfs.io)
Endocannabinoid receptor1
  • Endocannabinoid Receptor - These receptors reside on the surface of a variety of types of cells throughout the body, to trigger a physiological response. (cbdmaxonline.com)
Agonists2
  • Antiemetic Effects of Cannabinoid Agonists in Nonhuman Primates. (harvard.edu)
  • PPARγ agonists, such as the glitazones, used for the treatment of type 2 diabetes (T2D), reduce either adipocyte 2-AG concentrations or CB1 receptor expression levels, or both [3-5]. (420magazine.com)
Abundant1
Found10
  • We found the neurogenic effect of CBD to be dependent on the CB1 receptor, which is expressed over the whole dentate gyrus. (biomedcentral.com)
  • A 2009 study published by PNAS found a role for the GPR55 receptor in regulating osteoclast function - that is to say, bone formation and healing . (marijuanadrugfacts.com)
  • Results The results indicate that the medium-to-low cannabinoid concentration in a significant number of home-made oil samples is similar to that found in commercial products. (researchgate.net)
  • Both CBD and THC cannabinoids, as well as the other cannabinoids found within cannabis, assist the body's Endocannabinoid System (ECS) and can contribute to greater health. (medicalmarijuana411.com)
  • Scientists have found CB-1 receptors signal the deactivation of traumatic memories. (hightimes.com)
  • In particular, the CB1 receptor has been found to play an important role as a mood regulator. (hamppumaa.fi)
  • The body's natural system for taking in the cannabinoids found in cannabis, such as CBD or THC, is called the endocannabinoid system. (shopnaturallife.com)
  • Cannabinoid 2 (CB2) Receptor - CB2 receptors are mainly found on immune cells but are also present in the central nervous system. (cbdmaxonline.com)
  • Also, a 2015 study found that cannabinoids are powerful at bringing down pain levels related to cancer, neuropathy, and other intense and constant pain conditions. (compcaremd.com)
  • The cannabinoids found in the plant vary with the part of the plant. (wunderpetcbd.com)
Efficacy4
  • Cannabinoids have been proposed for the treatment of migraine but their efficacy and tolerability are controversial. (lww.com)
  • In recent years the efficacy of cannabinoids in the treatment of multiple sclerosis symptoms, including pain and spasticity, has been discussed. (bmj.com)
  • 24 - 27 Three randomised studies that evaluated the efficacy of cannabinoids on different neurogenic symptoms, including pain, have recently been published. (bmj.com)
  • The other drug classes mentioned above have much more documented duration of action and efficacy without the systemic cannabinoid adverse effects. (medscape.com)
High cannabinoid1
  • However, extractions from portions of the plant that do not contain high cannabinoid content often contain more than trace amounts of cannabinoids, rendering them subject to DEA regulation as a schedule 1 product. (wunderpetcbd.com)
Rare cannabinoid2
  • So, if pain or stress are the main barriers between you and a good night's rest, CBN just might just be the rare cannabinoid you didn't know you needed! (wanawellness.com)
  • But as the research advances, the potential for new, rare cannabinoid-infused formulations is certainly growing. (wanawellness.com)
Minor Cannabinoids2
  • These letters refer to just a few of the 100+ "rare" or "minor" cannabinoids that occur within the cannabis plant. (wanawellness.com)
  • Plenty is still unclear about the future of minor cannabinoids - including exactly how they should be regulated. (wanawellness.com)
Various cannabinoids2
  • At the core of this research are the various cannabinoids, the active chemicals responsible for cannabis' effects. (herbaldispatch.com)
  • And the best part with vaping is that you can use various cannabinoids and enhance efficiency. (articlesfit.com)
Different cannabinoids2
  • There are over 100 different cannabinoids, each with its own unique effects and properties. (herbaldispatch.com)
  • In simpler words, CBG does not cause a high or addiction, and difference between CBG and THC is that they are both different cannabinoids present in the weed plant. (naturecan.ie)
20211
  • Kodirov SA, Bonni K, Wehrmeister M, Lutz B (2021) Depolarization-initiated endogenous cannabinoid release and underlying retrograde neurotransmission in interneurons of amygdala. (unimedizin-mainz.de)
Produces3
  • Your body already has a cannabinoid system that uses the chemicals your body naturally produces. (laweekly.com)
  • But why does the body have CB1 and CB2 anyway" For two decades it has been known that the human body also produces its own cannabinoids. (news-medical.net)
  • The Cannabinoid Products Canada Farms it Canada try cbd gummies produces a clean, a clean mix of full-spectrum it. (canacoloscabos.com)
Called the endocannabinoid1
  • After absorption into the physical body, CBD tinctures and oils connect to the endogenous cannabinoid program, called the endocannabinoid program also. (camillacastro.us)
Dronabinol1
  • Does the cannabinoid dronabinol reduce central pain in multiple sclerosis? (bmj.com)
GPCRs3
  • Insight is provided into the non- CB1, non-CB2 cannabinoid-related GPCRs that have been reported thus far to consider the physiological relevance of these molecular targets in modulating the ECS. (semanticscholar.org)
  • HiTSeeker are cell lines stably expressing label-free GPCRs, also known as seven-(pass)-transmembrane domain receptors. (innoprot.com)
  • In his laboratory at OHSU, Dr. Farrens (and colleagues) develop and use novel biochemical and physical methods to identify common structural mechanisms involved in the activation and attenuation of G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs). (ohsu.edu)
Bind4
  • CBD does not bind to either CB1 or CB2 receptors. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • According to a 2018 review article , CBD may reduce the ability of THC and other cannabinoids to bind to the CB1 receptor's. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • When contact occurs with a ligand, receptors bind together to form a dimer, a functional compound receptor composed of two structural similar monomers. (ipfs.io)
  • For example, a neurotransmitter , hormone , or atomic ions may each bind to the extracellular domain as a ligand coupled to receptor. (ipfs.io)
Anticancer drugs1
  • Research in animal models suggests the possible use of cannabinoids as anticancer drugs. (medscape.com)
Dopamine1
  • Long-term alcohol consumption alters dorsal striatal dopamine release and regulation by D2 dopamine receptors in rhesus macaques. (neurotree.org)
Delta-9-THC1
  • There was no statistically significant difference between CB1 binding of pure Delta(9)-THC compared to cannabis smoke and vapor at an equivalent concentration of Delta(9)-THC. (nih.gov)
Body's endocannabinoid1
  • CBD may interact with the receptors in your body's endocannabinoid system (ECS), which helps harmonize the nervous system and create a state of homeostasis (or equilibrium) within the body. (peels.com)
Marijuana1
  • The DEA has clarified its regulation of marijuana, noting the products derived from the parts of the plant that have only a trace of cannabinoids are not considered marijuana and thus are not subject to schedule 1 regulation. (wunderpetcbd.com)
Immune system1
  • The ECS has two primary receptors: CB1 and CB2, located in the central nervous system and immune system respectively. (blosumcbd.com)
Effects12
  • Because of the psychotropic effects of some cannabinoids, their clinical use is limited. (biomedcentral.com)
  • ABM300 was characterized in vitro (receptor binding, β-arrestin2 recruitment, ERK1/2 phosphorylation, cAMP inhibition) and in vivo (anxiety-like behaviors, cannabimimetic effects, novel environment exploratory behavior, pre-pulse inhibition, conditioned avoidance response) to assess the effects of the compound in dysregulated behaviors within the transgenic models. (elsevier.com)
  • There are a growing number of reports which correlate synthetic cannabinoids and acute behavioral and physiological effects including acute kidney injury, convulsions, and sudden death. (springeropen.com)
  • Knowing how these cannabinoids interact with each other is key to understanding the effects of cannabis. (herbaldispatch.com)
  • MDMA can block WIN's action by lowering the level of cannabinoid tone and, consequently, increasing the effects of MDMA that reward. (dailysandiegonews.com)
  • CB1 receptors aren't involved in the photoresponse effects of WIN. (dailysandiegonews.com)
  • CONCLUSIONS: These findings underscore the need to further evaluate use-motives as well as the interaction between dietary factors, cannabinoid pharmacokinetics, and subjective drug effects and the interactive effects of oral cannabis products and alcohol in a controlled laboratory setting. (bvsalud.org)
  • To date, cannabinoids have been successfully used in the treatment of nausea and vomiting, two common side effects that accompany chemotherapy in cancer patients. (cbdepot.eu)
  • This cannabinoid appears to retain many of the potentially therapeutically beneficial effects of THC but without the undesirable psychotropic effects. (wunderpetcbd.com)
  • The most significant difference between the two cannabinoids is that THC has intoxicating effects while CBD is non-intoxicating. (siciley.com)
  • Klotho is an enzyme which effects a receptor to recognize the ligand ( FGF23 ). (ipfs.io)
  • In other receptors, the transmembrane domains undergo a conformational change upon binding, which effects intracellular conditions. (ipfs.io)
Deficiency1
  • Cannabinoid CB1 receptor deficiency increases contextual fear memory under highly aversive conditions and long-term potentiation in vivo. (bordeaux-neurocampus.fr)
Stimulation2
  • The phrase "over-stimulated" means only that THC's stimulation of CB1 receptors exceeds normal physiologic levels, leading to greater than normal negative feedback on the neuron 's release of transmitters with each firing. (psychologytoday.com)
  • Fewer receptors reduce the amount of negative feedback produced by cannabinoid stimulation and a more physiologic balance is re-established. (psychologytoday.com)
Abstract1
  • abstract = "Cannabinoid CB(1) receptor (CB(1)R) signaling has been suggested to play an important role in the regulation of memory and cognition. (maastrichtuniversity.nl)
Mice7
  • There was no difference in short-term and long-term social and object recognition memory between CB1-ko and wildtype mice. (bordeaux-neurocampus.fr)
  • In contrast, in background contextual fear conditioning CB1-ko mice showed enhanced freezing levels in the conditioning context and increased generalised contextual fear after a high-intensity conditioning foot shock of 1.5 mA, but not after 0.7 mA. (bordeaux-neurocampus.fr)
  • In in vivo field potential recordings in the dentate gyrus, CB1-ko mice displayed a decreased paired-pulse facilitation of the populations spikes, suggesting an altered inhibitory synaptic drive onto hippocampal granule cells. (bordeaux-neurocampus.fr)
  • This is the first study showing that the relative cannabinoid sensitivity of GABA and glutamate neurotransmission is species‐dependent, and it is hypothesized that WIN‐55,212 reduced anxiety in mice by affecting GABA neurotransmission whereas it increased anxiety in rats via glutamatergic mechanisms. (semanticscholar.org)
  • Mice without CB1 receptors show psychological abnormalities," he explains. (news-medical.net)
  • There are genetically modified strains of mice in which both cannabinoid receptors are dysfunctional. (news-medical.net)
  • However, strains of mice in which the cannabinoid receptors are missing react much more intensely. (news-medical.net)
Neurotransmitter1
  • When THC and CBD are ingested into the body, they activate your CB1 and CB2 receptors, which control the neurotransmitter and central nervous system, therefore regulating pain. (compcaremd.com)
Endocannabinoid signalling and the deteriorating brain | Nature Reviews Neuroscience
Endocannabinoid signalling and the deteriorating brain | Nature Reviews Neuroscience (nature.com)
A Study of an Active-State CB1 Receptor Model and Synthetic Cannabinoid Interactions | American Academy of Forensic Sciences
A Study of an Active-State CB1 Receptor Model and Synthetic Cannabinoid Interactions | American Academy of Forensic Sciences (aafs.org)
The endocannabinoid system in migraine: from bench to pharma... : Current Opinion in Neurology
The endocannabinoid system in migraine: from bench to pharma... : Current Opinion in Neurology (journals.lww.com)
Pharmaceuticals | Free Full-Text | Cannabinoids and Reproduction: A Lasting and Intriguing History
Pharmaceuticals | Free Full-Text | Cannabinoids and Reproduction: A Lasting and Intriguing History (mdpi.com)
Unique treatment potential of cannabidiol for the prevention of relapse to drug use: preclinical proof of principle |...
Unique treatment potential of cannabidiol for the prevention of relapse to drug use: preclinical proof of principle |... (nature.com)
AM694 | C20H19FINO | ChemSpider
AM694 | C20H19FINO | ChemSpider (chemspider.com)
Cannabis News Research Tags Articles - Page 2 of 16 - Neuroscience News
Cannabis News Research Tags Articles - Page 2 of 16 - Neuroscience News (neurosciencenews.com)
Cannabidiol (CBD): MedlinePlus suplementos
Cannabidiol (CBD): MedlinePlus suplementos (medlineplus.gov)
Molecules | Free Full-Text | Cannabidiol Treatment Might Promote Resilience to Cocaine and Methamphetamine Use Disorders: A...
Molecules | Free Full-Text | Cannabidiol Treatment Might Promote Resilience to Cocaine and Methamphetamine Use Disorders: A... (mdpi.com)
Distinct Dendritic Arborization and In Vivo Firing Patterns of Parvalbumin-Expressing Basket Cells in the Hippocampal Area CA3 ...
Distinct Dendritic Arborization and In Vivo Firing Patterns of Parvalbumin-Expressing Basket Cells in the Hippocampal Area CA3 ... (jneurosci.org)
Novel non-stimulants rescue hyperactive phenotype in an adgrl3.1 mutant zebrafish model of ADHD | Neuropsychopharmacology
Novel non-stimulants rescue hyperactive phenotype in an adgrl3.1 mutant zebrafish model of ADHD | Neuropsychopharmacology (nature.com)
Association of cannabis with glutamatergic levels in patients with early psychosis: Evidence for altered volume striatal...
Association of cannabis with glutamatergic levels in patients with early psychosis: Evidence for altered volume striatal... (nature.com)
Are cannabidiol and Delta(9)-tetrahydrocannabivarin negative modulators of the endocannabinoid system? A systematic review -...
Are cannabidiol and Delta(9)-tetrahydrocannabivarin negative modulators of the endocannabinoid system? A systematic review -... (abdn.pure.elsevier.com)
How Cannabis Defeats Itself When Used Too Frequently | Psychology Today Canada
How Cannabis Defeats Itself When Used Too Frequently | Psychology Today Canada (psychologytoday.com)
David M. Lovinger - Publications
David M. Lovinger - Publications (neurotree.org)
JCI - Hepatic CB1 receptor is required for development of diet-induced steatosis, dyslipidemia, and insulin and leptin...
JCI - Hepatic CB1 receptor is required for development of diet-induced steatosis, dyslipidemia, and insulin and leptin... (jci.org)
CB1-Dependent Long-Term Depression in Ventral Tegmental Area GABA Neurons: A Novel Target for Marijuana | Journal of...
CB1-Dependent Long-Term Depression in Ventral Tegmental Area GABA Neurons: A Novel Target for Marijuana | Journal of... (jneurosci.org)
10 Best CBD Companies to Buy From in 2022: Honest Reviews & Guide | Observer
10 Best CBD Companies to Buy From in 2022: Honest Reviews & Guide | Observer (observer.com)
Table of Contents - November 05, 2008, 28 (45) | Journal of Neuroscience
Table of Contents - November 05, 2008, 28 (45) | Journal of Neuroscience (jneurosci.org)
Toronto Research Chemicals
Toronto Research Chemicals (trc-canada.com)
Doctors & Researchers Push Medical Efficacy Forward at 10th IACM | Marijuana Drug Facts
Doctors & Researchers Push Medical Efficacy Forward at 10th IACM | Marijuana Drug Facts (marijuanadrugfacts.com)
Probiotic treatment reduces appetite and glucose level in the zebrafish model | Scientific Reports
Probiotic treatment reduces appetite and glucose level in the zebrafish model | Scientific Reports (nature.com)
Effect of acute physical exercise on motor sequence memory | Scientific Reports
Effect of acute physical exercise on motor sequence memory | Scientific Reports (nature.com)
5‐Lipoxygenase and anandamide hydrolase (FAAH) mediate the antitumor activity of cannabidiol, a non‐psychoactive cannabinoid |...
5‐Lipoxygenase and anandamide hydrolase (FAAH) mediate the antitumor activity of cannabidiol, a non‐psychoactive cannabinoid |... (semanticscholar.org)
Cannabinoid Receptor Archives - Innoprot
Cannabinoid Receptor Archives - Innoprot (innoprot.com)
JCI - Welcome
JCI - Welcome (jci.org)
CBD and Nicotine: Can It Be Taken With Nicotine? - We Be High
CBD and Nicotine: Can It Be Taken With Nicotine? - We Be High (webehigh.com)
Media Hysterics About Supposed Cancer Link Nothing New - NORML
Media Hysterics About Supposed Cancer Link Nothing New - NORML (norml.org)
English
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