Induction of atherosclerosis in Brown Norway rats by immunization with ovalbumin. (1/65)
A study was carried out to establish an animal model that would be suitable for evaluating the role of the diet in immune cell-mediated atherogenesis. Brown Norway rats were initially treated with hypervitamin D2 for 4 days and then fed on an atherogenic diet for 3 months, during which period the rats were either immunized with ovalubumin plus Al(OH)3 (OVA group) or with Al(OH)3 alone (control group) every 3 weeks. Aortic lesions were mainly composed of foam cells, the lesions evaluated by the intimal thickness of the ascending aorta being more severe in the OVA group than in the control group. The OVA group, in comparison with the control group, showed prominently increased serum levels of OVA-specific IgG and rat chymase, an indicator of mast cell degranulation. The intimal thickness was positively correlated with the level of chymase. Immunization had no effect on the serum lipid levels. These results support the hypothesis that mast cells play a role in the early stage of atherosclerosis and suggest that this animal model could be useful for evaluating the role of the diet in immune-related atherogenesis. (+info)The evaluation of hypersensitivity tests in cattle after foot-and-mouth disease vaccination. (2/65)
The response to passive cutaneous anaphylaxis, dermal hypersensitivity and intravenous provocation tests has been compared in 30, 40, 31 and 24 cattle injected with foot-and-mouth disease vaccine 0, 1, 2 and 3 times respectively, using vaccine components and other substances as test materials. Reaginic antibodies demonstrated by passive cutaneous anaphylaxis in goats, were directed against BHK 21 cell extracts (20), hydroxypropylmethylcellulose (3) and an unidentified vaccine component (3), and distributed in 0, 5, 19 and 75 per cent of the cattle vaccinated 0, 1, 2 and 3 times. None of the animals showed clinical signs of allergy after vaccination. When BHK 21 cell extract was injected intradermally a significant correlation was noted between the development of large weals and the presence of reagins although the size of the weals was not correlated with the reagin titres. In the case of hydroxypropylmethylcellulose a similar trend was evident. The majority of cattle with large dermal weals possessed reagins but the number of reactions was too small for statistical evaluation. Dermal reactions to sodium penicillin, sodium carboxymethylcellulose, saponin and whole vaccine occurred in both unvaccinated and vaccinated cattle but BHK 21 cell lysate and normal bovine serum provoked weals which increased in frequency according to the number of vaccinations experienced. Intravenous hydroxypropylmethylcellulose elicited a response in all the animals previously injected with certain batches of vaccine but cell extract intravenously produced a clinical response in half the tested animals which was uncorrelated with the results of the passive cutaneous anaphylaxis or dermal hypersensitivity tests. (+info)Comparison of the Serodia Treponema pallidum particle agglutination, Captia Syphilis-G, and SpiroTek Reagin II tests with standard test techniques for diagnosis of syphilis. (3/65)
We compared the microhemagglutination assay for Treponema pallidum (MHA-TP), a treponemal test, with two other treponemal tests, the Serodia Treponema pallidum particle agglutination (TP-PA) assay and the Captia Syphilis-G enzyme immunoassay, using 390 clinical serum samples. We also compared two nontreponemal tests, the rapid plasma Reagin (RPR) card test and the SpiroTek Reagin II test. Agreements of the MHA-TP with the TP-PA test and the Syphilis-G test were 97.4 and 97.7%, respectively. There was 89.2% agreement between the RPR and Reagin II tests. The Reagin II test was more apt to be reactive if the treponemal test was also reactive. We conclude that either the Serodia TP-PA test or the Captia Syphilis-G test is an appropriate substitute for the MHA-TP and that the Spirotek Reagin II test could substitute for the RPR test as a screening test. (+info)Whole-blood hemagglutination inhibition test for venereal disease research laboratory (VDRL) antibodies. (4/65)
Nontreponemal antibody tests such as the Venereal Disease Research Laboratory (VDRL) test are carried out on serum and widely used as screening tests for syphilis. The aim of the present study was to develop a screening test for syphilis making use of whole blood and VDRL liposomes. Antibody to human red blood cells was conjugated to VDRL liposomes and reacted with a diluted sample of patient whole blood. A total of 951 samples were tested by the new test and the VDRL tube test. All 49 VDRL samples positive by the VDRL test showed inhibition of hemagglutination in the whole-blood test (sensitivity, 100%). Of 902 samples with negative results by the VDRL test, 901 caused hemagglutination when tested with the liposomes (specificity, 99.9%). The hemagglutination inhibition method tests for syphilis in a simple one-step procedure in which whole blood is added to a tube containing liposomes. The new test has potential for point-of-care testing in developing countries. (+info)Correlation of anaphylactic bronchoconstriction with circulating reaginic antibody level and active cutaneous anaphylaxis in the rat. (5/65)
The interrelationships of anaphylactic bronchoconstriction, active cutaneous anaphylaxis and circulating reaginic antibody level in rats sensitized with Nippostrongylus brasiliensis have been studied. The mean rise in bronchial reactivity during the 5-week sensitization period was correlated with the rise in circulating reaginic antibody level in groups of rats, although weak bronchial reactivity was observed before circulating reagin was demonstrable. In individual animals bronchial reactivity did not significantly correlate with circulating reaginic antibody level or cutaneous reactivity. Bronchial and cutaneous reactivity on challenge may be transferred to non-sensitized rats by passive sensitization with reaginic serum. It is concluded that the ability of a tissue to respond to antigen challenge is multifactorial and may not be reliably predicted from a knowledge of circulating reaginic antibody level or the response of another tissue in the same animal. (+info)The allergens of Schistosoma mansoni. II. Further separation by sephadex G-200 and ion-exchange chromatography. (6/65)
A total of thirty-five antigen fractions were prepared from adult Schistosoma mansoni by extraction into borate-buffered saline, precipitation at pH 4-6, gel-filtration on Sephadex G-100 and G-200, and ion-exchange chromatography on CM- and DEAE-cellulose. The allergic activity of these antigens was assayed by a modified Prausnitz-Kustner (P-K) type reaction in rats. The results showed that the allergen-reagin axis in rat schistosomiasis is a multicomponent system involving molecules of widely different chemical nature and molecular weight, rather than a simple, single antigen-antibody interaction. The significance of these findings to the use of purified antigens for the diagnosis of schistosomiasis in the field is discussed. (+info)Performance of the rapid plasma reagin and the rapid syphilis screening tests in the diagnosis of syphilis in field conditions in rural Africa. (7/65)
OBJECTIVES: To assess the rapid plasma reagin (RPR) test performance in the field and to evaluate a new rapid syphilis test (RST) as a primary screen for syphilis. METHODS: 1325 women of reproductive age from rural communities in the Gambia were tested for syphilis seropositivity using a RPR 18 mm circle card and a RST strip. Within 1 week a repeat RPR and a TPHA test were carried out using standard techniques in the laboratory. RESULTS: Comparing field tests to a diagnosis of "active" syphilis defined as laboratory RPR and TPHA positive, the RPR test was 77.5% sensitive and 94.1% specific; the RST was 75.0% sensitive and 95.2% specific. The RST was easier to use and interpret than the RPR test especially where field conditions were difficult. In this setting with a low prevalence of syphilis in the community (3%), the chance of someone with a positive test being confirmed as having serologically active syphilis was less than 50% for both tests. CONCLUSIONS: The appropriateness of syphilis screening using RPR testing in antenatal clinics and health centres should be questioned if there is a low prevalence in the population, conditions for testing are poor, and resources limited. There is still an urgent need for an appropriate rapid syphilis test for field use. (+info)The VDRL test in a blood transfusion service. (8/65)
A survey has been made of the results of 12 months' VDRL screening in a blood transfusion service. Positive VDRL tests were found on 318 of the 73 350 blood donations collected during 1974. Thirty-four tests confirming specific treponemal infection were found in 24 donors. A battery of confirmatory tests showed the remaining 284 positive VDRL reactions from 235 donors to be biological false positive (BFP) results, and, of these, one-third were considered entirely negative by the reference laboratory. BFP reactions were commoner in female donors than in males, and a higher incidence than expected was observed in younger female donors and older male donors. A marked seasonal incidence was noted, 65% of all BFP tests from the transfusion service being found in the four colder months of May to August. Although some differences exist between the group as a whole and the 36 donors (15.3%) found to have BFP results on more than one occasion during the year, there is little evidence from these studies to suggest that regular blood donation per se is a contributing factor to the finding of a BFP result in VDRL screening. It is probable that the population tested regularly by the blood transfusion service reflects a small but representative sample of the community as a whole. (+info)"Reagin" is an outdated term that was used to describe a type of antibody found in the blood serum of some individuals, particularly those who have had certain infectious diseases or who have allergies. These antibodies were known as "reaginic antibodies" and were characterized by their ability to cause a positive reaction in a test called the "Reagin test" or "Wassermann test."
The Reagin test was developed in the early 20th century and was used as a diagnostic tool for syphilis, a sexually transmitted infection caused by the bacterium Treponema pallidum. The test involved mixing a patient's serum with a suspension of cardiolipin, lecithin, and cholesterol - components derived from heart tissue. If reaginic antibodies were present in the patient's serum, they would bind to the cardiolipin component and form a complex that could be detected through a series of chemical reactions.
However, it was later discovered that reaginic antibodies were not specific to syphilis and could be found in individuals with other infectious diseases or allergies. As a result, the term "reagin" fell out of favor, and the test is no longer used as a diagnostic tool for syphilis. Instead, more specific and accurate tests, such as the Venereal Disease Research Laboratory (VDRL) test and the Treponema pallidum particle agglutination (TP-PA) assay, are now used to diagnose syphilis.
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Tony Reagins - Wikipedia
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Tony Reagins19
- FRIDAY ANGELS ROUNDUP: Torii Hunter Extends Hit Streak, Is Tony Reagins On Vacation? (halosheaven.com)
- Angels general manager Tony Reagins said. (irontontribune.com)
- It's not a likely scenario," Angels GM Tony Reagins said. (scoresreport.com)
- Luckily for the Jays, they were relieved of Wells' albatross contract thanks to Tony Reagins and co. (beyondtheboxscore.com)
- According to Tony Reagins, former Angels GM who was appointed as MLB's senior vice president for youth programs in April , "in our research, what we've found is that the financial barrier is an important barrier to participating. (thebiglead.com)
- I don't know, is he more or less charismatic than, say, Jerry Dipoto or Tony Reagins? (halosheaven.com)
- Dipoto was hired at the end of the 2011 season, taking over for Tony Reagins. (mlbdailydish.com)
- Tony Reagins, a former scout and GM, has been tasked with bumping those numbers in his role as MLB's chief baseball development officer. (wjbf.com)
- In November, MLB hosted the annual meeting for the Buck O'Neil PBSCA at the Commissioner's Office where they heard from representatives central to baseball's efforts in these areas, including, Deputy Commissioner, baseball administration and chief legal officer Dan Halem, chief baseball development officer Tony Reagins, and senior director of the Diversity Pipeline Program Tyrone Brooks. (mlb.com)
- Meet Vernon Wells, Tony Reagins' big offseason move after he swung and missed on getting Carl Crawford and Adrian Beltre this winter. (southsidesox.com)
- A large part of Pride's role will be to encourage continued outreach, participation and equal opportunity in support of MLB's Youth Programs, overseen by Senior Vice President Tony Reagins. (outsports.com)
- He was hired as the White Sox's GM 20 years ago, and during the past two decades, the only other Black GMs hired throughout baseball were Tony Reagins of the Los Angeles Angels, Michael Hill of the Miami Marlins and Dave Stewart of the Arizona Diamondbacks. (suntimes.com)
- Baseball's future in Mexico is a bright one, and this collaborative effort between MLB, USA Baseball and PROBEIS will contribute greatly toward that end," said Tony Reagins , Executive Vice President of Baseball & Softball Development, Major League Baseball. (el-observador.com)
- Tony has talked to a lot of clubs (referring to Angels GM Tony Reagins), and he's talked to Toronto, Obviously, [Halladay] is a name that piques the interest of everyone in baseball. (mlbdailydish.com)
- The moment before all of this, the Angels weren't even in contention, but were done for the season after a rebuilding stage crumbled under the inept general manager Tony Reagins and cheap owner Arte Moreno. (footbasket.com)
- Tony Reagins was promoted. (crashingthepearlygates.com)
- Team USA GM Tony Reagins made the announcement on MLB Central , the morning show which has DeRosa as a co-host. (sportsbooksos.com)
- Somewhere, Tony Reagins wishes he could sign him. (offbasepercentage.com)
- Team USA general manager, Tony Reagins spoke to MLBbro on how he felt about the Black representation at the WBC. (mlbbro.com)
Soncia Reagins-Lilly2
- On Feb. 26, Dean of Students Soncia Reagins-Lilly ruled that no campus rules were violated at the party. (brobible.com)
- Free speech of UT community members is fully protected on campus," wrote Dean of Students Soncia Reagins-Lilly and UT Police Chief David Carter. (evolutionnews.org)
Angels8
- Tony Demetrius Reagins (born March 11, 1967) is a former executive in Major League Baseball for the Los Angeles Angels of Anaheim. (wikipedia.org)
- Reagins served as the general manager of the Angels from 2007 until his 2011 resignation. (wikipedia.org)
- Reagins joined the Angels as an intern in the club's marketing department in 1991, and moved permanently to the team's baseball staff in 1998 as manager of baseball operations. (wikipedia.org)
- Reagins began his career as an intern in Baseball Operations in the Angels' organization 1992. (wikipedia.org)
- As general manager of the Angels, Reagins was quick to make immediate changes to the Angels' roster. (wikipedia.org)
- Reagins' tenure with the Angels has been in contrast to that of Stoneman, whose time as general manager involved relatively few major trades or other transactions. (wikipedia.org)
- After the 2009 season, in which the Angels were the AL West Division Champions, the Angels gave Reagins a contract extension. (wikipedia.org)
- Before the 2011 season, Angels' owner Arte Moreno insisted on acquiring Vernon Wells from the Toronto Blue Jays, and reportedly told Reagins that he would be fired if he did not acquire Wells within 24 hours. (wikipedia.org)
Development1
- As Director of Player Development, Reagins was responsible for overseeing the Angel farm system, with seven affiliates that include a Dominican Summer League club and developmental academy in San Pedro de Macoris, Dominican Republic. (wikipedia.org)
Season2
- During the 2009 season, Reagins and his front office selected Mike Trout with the 25th pick in that year's draft. (wikipedia.org)
- If Barton reagins full mojo over as the season wraps up, he should make an already-dangerous Nuggets team that much more difficult to deal with. (denverstiffs.com)
Team2
- Currently, Reagins maintains his competitive spirit by coaching his son's youth basketball team in New Rochelle, New York. (wikipedia.org)
- Reagins remained with the organization as special assistant to team chairman Dennis Kuhl. (wikipedia.org)
Contract2
- Two days later, Reagins signed free agent outfielder Torii Hunter to a 5-year, $90 million contract. (wikipedia.org)
- Although no details of the contract length was divulged, Reagins described it as 'long-term', adding "there's a comfort level from [owner] Arte Moreno and myself as far as the length of the contract goes. (wikipedia.org)
Antibodies2
- The aim of this paper is to determine the prevalence of anti-HIV, anti-rubella antibodies, syphilis reagins and enteroparasitosis in pregnant women during their pre-natal monitoring at the Basic Health Units in the city of Umuarama (PR) and checking possible social-economic and behavioral associations. (academicjournals.org)
- He says, "Susceptible individuals, sensitized by foreign substances (allergens), develop specific antibodies (reagins) against them and store them in their tissues. (seleneriverpress.com)
DeRosa1
- Reagins said that they picked DeRosa for his leadership and ability to communicate. (sportsbooksos.com)
Trade2
- At the 2008 trade deadline, Reagins dealt first baseman Casey Kotchman to the Atlanta Braves for Mark Teixeira. (wikipedia.org)
- Before the trade deadline comes around, Scioscia and Reagins will probably begin the rebuilding process. (throughthefencebaseball.com)
Player Development1
- As Director of Player Development, Reagins was responsible for overseeing the Angel farm system, with seven affiliates that include a Dominican Summer League club and developmental academy in San Pedro de Macoris, Dominican Republic. (wikipedia.org)
Term1
- Although no details of the contract length was divulged, Reagins described it as 'long-term', adding "there's a comfort level from [owner] Arte Moreno and myself as far as the length of the contract goes. (wikipedia.org)
Million1
- Two days later, Reagins signed free agent outfielder Torii Hunter to a 5-year, $90 million contract. (wikipedia.org)