AnatomyOrganismsDiseasesChemicals and DrugsAnalytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and EquipmentPhenomena and ProcessesDisciplines and OccupationsTechnology, Industry, AgricultureInformation ScienceNamed GroupsHealth CareGeographicals
RheiformesEnzymesDatabases, ProteinStruthioniformesPalaeognathaeInternetDatabases, FactualNucleic Acid Amplification TechniquesEncyclopedias as TopicGene AmplificationPolymerase Chain ReactionSensitivity and SpecificityBase SequenceMolecular Sequence DataLactaseLactose IntoleranceStarchAmylasesIntestine, SmallLactoseFoodDNA-Directed DNA PolymeraseProtein ConformationKineticsDNA Polymerase IDeoxyribonucleotidesModels, MolecularFungal PolysaccharidesWolfram SyndromeBioreactorsSewageWaste Disposal, FluidEnzyme InhibitorsNitrificationLegislation, VeterinarySubstrate SpecificityAmino Acid SequenceBinding SitesCatalysisHydrogen PeroxideCatalaseWaterOxygenNetherlandsResearchResearch PersonnelResearch Support as TopicBiomedical ResearchResearch DesignPharmacies
Rheiformes: An order of large, long-necked, long-legged, flightless birds, found in South America. Known as rheas, they are sometimes called American ostriches, though they are in a separate order from true OSTRICHES.Enzymes: Biological molecules that possess catalytic activity. They may occur naturally or be synthetically created. Enzymes are usually proteins, however CATALYTIC RNA and CATALYTIC DNA molecules have also been identified.Databases, Protein: Databases containing information about PROTEINS such as AMINO ACID SEQUENCE; PROTEIN CONFORMATION; and other properties.Struthioniformes: An order of flightless birds comprising the ostriches, which naturally inhabit open, low rainfall areas of Africa.Palaeognathae: A superorder of large, mostly flightless birds, named for their distinctive PALATE morphology. It includes the orders Apterygiformes, Casuriiformes, Dinornithiformes, RHEIFORMES; STRUTHIONIFORMES and Tinamiformes.Internet: A loose confederation of computer communication networks around the world. The networks that make up the Internet are connected through several backbone networks. The Internet grew out of the US Government ARPAnet project and was designed to facilitate information exchange.Databases, Factual: Extensive collections, reputedly complete, of facts and data garnered from material of a specialized subject area and made available for analysis and application. The collection can be automated by various contemporary methods for retrieval. The concept should be differentiated from DATABASES, BIBLIOGRAPHIC which is restricted to collections of bibliographic references.Nucleic Acid Amplification Techniques: Laboratory techniques that involve the in-vitro synthesis of many copies of DNA or RNA from one original template.Encyclopedias as Topic: Works containing information articles on subjects in every field of knowledge, usually arranged in alphabetical order, or a similar work limited to a special field or subject. (From The ALA Glossary of Library and Information Science, 1983)Gene Amplification: A selective increase in the number of copies of a gene coding for a specific protein without a proportional increase in other genes. It occurs naturally via the excision of a copy of the repeating sequence from the chromosome and its extrachromosomal replication in a plasmid, or via the production of an RNA transcript of the entire repeating sequence of ribosomal RNA followed by the reverse transcription of the molecule to produce an additional copy of the original DNA sequence. Laboratory techniques have been introduced for inducing disproportional replication by unequal crossing over, uptake of DNA from lysed cells, or generation of extrachromosomal sequences from rolling circle replication.Polymerase Chain Reaction: In vitro method for producing large amounts of specific DNA or RNA fragments of defined length and sequence from small amounts of short oligonucleotide flanking sequences (primers). The essential steps include thermal denaturation of the double-stranded target molecules, annealing of the primers to their complementary sequences, and extension of the annealed primers by enzymatic synthesis with DNA polymerase. The reaction is efficient, specific, and extremely sensitive. Uses for the reaction include disease diagnosis, detection of difficult-to-isolate pathogens, mutation analysis, genetic testing, DNA sequencing, and analyzing evolutionary relationships.Sensitivity and Specificity: Binary classification measures to assess test results. Sensitivity or recall rate is the proportion of true positives. Specificity is the probability of correctly determining the absence of a condition. (From Last, Dictionary of Epidemiology, 2d ed)Base Sequence: The sequence of PURINES and PYRIMIDINES in nucleic acids and polynucleotides. It is also called nucleotide sequence.Molecular Sequence Data: Descriptions of specific amino acid, carbohydrate, or nucleotide sequences which have appeared in the published literature and/or are deposited in and maintained by databanks such as GENBANK, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), National Biomedical Research Foundation (NBRF), or other sequence repositories.Lactase: An enzyme which catalyzes the hydrolysis of LACTOSE to D-GALACTOSE and D-GLUCOSE. Defects in the enzyme cause LACTOSE INTOLERANCE.Lactose Intolerance: The condition resulting from the absence or deficiency of LACTASE in the MUCOSA cells of the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT, and the inability to break down LACTOSE in milk for ABSORPTION. Bacterial fermentation of the unabsorbed lactose leads to symptoms that range from a mild indigestion (DYSPEPSIA) to severe DIARRHEA. Lactose intolerance may be an inborn error or acquired.Starch: Any of a group of polysaccharides of the general formula (C6-H10-O5)n, composed of a long-chain polymer of glucose in the form of amylose and amylopectin. It is the chief storage form of energy reserve (carbohydrates) in plants.Amylases: A group of amylolytic enzymes that cleave starch, glycogen, and related alpha-1,4-glucans. (Stedman, 25th ed) EC 3.2.1.-.Intestine, Small: The portion of the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT between the PYLORUS of the STOMACH and the ILEOCECAL VALVE of the LARGE INTESTINE. It is divisible into three portions: the DUODENUM, the JEJUNUM, and the ILEUM.Lactose: A disaccharide of GLUCOSE and GALACTOSE in human and cow milk. It is used in pharmacy for tablets, in medicine as a nutrient, and in industry.Food: Any substances taken in by the body that provide nourishment.DNA-Directed DNA Polymerase: DNA-dependent DNA polymerases found in bacteria, animal and plant cells. During the replication process, these enzymes catalyze the addition of deoxyribonucleotide residues to the end of a DNA strand in the presence of DNA as template-primer. They also possess exonuclease activity and therefore function in DNA repair.Protein Conformation: The characteristic 3-dimensional shape of a protein, including the secondary, supersecondary (motifs), tertiary (domains) and quaternary structure of the peptide chain. PROTEIN STRUCTURE, QUATERNARY describes the conformation assumed by multimeric proteins (aggregates of more than one polypeptide chain).Kinetics: The rate dynamics in chemical or physical systems.DNA Polymerase I: A DNA-dependent DNA polymerase characterized in prokaryotes and may be present in higher organisms. It has both 3'-5' and 5'-3' exonuclease activity, but cannot use native double-stranded DNA as template-primer. It is not inhibited by sulfhydryl reagents and is active in both DNA synthesis and repair. EC 2.7.7.7.Deoxyribonucleotides: A purine or pyrimidine base bonded to a DEOXYRIBOSE containing a bond to a phosphate group.Models, Molecular: Models used experimentally or theoretically to study molecular shape, electronic properties, or interactions; includes analogous molecules, computer-generated graphics, and mechanical structures.Fungal Polysaccharides: Cell wall components constituting a polysaccharide core found in fungi. They may act as antigens or structural substrates.Wolfram Syndrome: A hereditary condition characterized by multiple symptoms including those of DIABETES INSIPIDUS; DIABETES MELLITUS; OPTIC ATROPHY; and DEAFNESS. This syndrome is also known as DIDMOAD (first letter of each word) and is usually associated with VASOPRESSIN deficiency. It is caused by mutations in gene WFS1 encoding wolframin, a 100-kDa transmembrane protein.Bioreactors: Tools or devices for generating products using the synthetic or chemical conversion capacity of a biological system. They can be classical fermentors, cell culture perfusion systems, or enzyme bioreactors. For production of proteins or enzymes, recombinant microorganisms such as bacteria, mammalian cells, or insect or plant cells are usually chosen.Sewage: Refuse liquid or waste matter carried off by sewers.Waste Disposal, Fluid: The discarding or destroying of liquid waste products or their transformation into something useful or innocuous.Enzyme Inhibitors: Compounds or agents that combine with an enzyme in such a manner as to prevent the normal substrate-enzyme combination and the catalytic reaction.Nitrification: A process facilitated by specialized bacteria involving the oxidation of ammonium to nitrite and nitrate.Legislation, Veterinary: Laws and regulations, pertaining to the field of veterinary medicine, proposed for enactment or enacted by a legislative body.Substrate Specificity: A characteristic feature of enzyme activity in relation to the kind of substrate on which the enzyme or catalytic molecule reacts.Amino Acid Sequence: The order of amino acids as they occur in a polypeptide chain. This is referred to as the primary structure of proteins. It is of fundamental importance in determining PROTEIN CONFORMATION.Binding Sites: The parts of a macromolecule that directly participate in its specific combination with another molecule.Catalysis: The facilitation of a chemical reaction by material (catalyst) that is not consumed by the reaction.Hydrogen Peroxide: A strong oxidizing agent used in aqueous solution as a ripening agent, bleach, and topical anti-infective. It is relatively unstable and solutions deteriorate over time unless stabilized by the addition of acetanilide or similar organic materials.Catalase: An oxidoreductase that catalyzes the conversion of HYDROGEN PEROXIDE to water and oxygen. It is present in many animal cells. A deficiency of this enzyme results in ACATALASIA.Water: A clear, odorless, tasteless liquid that is essential for most animal and plant life and is an excellent solvent for many substances. The chemical formula is hydrogen oxide (H2O). (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)Oxygen: An element with atomic symbol O, atomic number 8, and atomic weight [15.99903; 15.99977]. It is the most abundant element on earth and essential for respiration.Netherlands: Country located in EUROPE. It is bordered by the NORTH SEA, BELGIUM, and GERMANY. Constituent areas are Aruba, Curacao, Sint Maarten, formerly included in the NETHERLANDS ANTILLES.Research: Critical and exhaustive investigation or experimentation, having for its aim the discovery of new facts and their correct interpretation, the revision of accepted conclusions, theories, or laws in the light of newly discovered facts, or the practical application of such new or revised conclusions, theories, or laws. (Webster, 3d ed)Research Personnel: Those individuals engaged in research.Research Support as Topic: Financial support of research activities.Biomedical Research: Research that involves the application of the natural sciences, especially biology and physiology, to medicine.Research Design: A plan for collecting and utilizing data so that desired information can be obtained with sufficient precision or so that an hypothesis can be tested properly.Pharmacies: Facilities for the preparation and dispensing of drugs.
AnatomyOrganismsDiseasesChemicals and DrugsAnalytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and EquipmentPhenomena and ProcessesDisciplines and OccupationsTechnology, Industry, AgricultureInformation ScienceNamed GroupsHealth CareGeographicals
RheiformesEnzymesDatabases, ProteinStruthioniformesPalaeognathaeInternetDatabases, FactualNucleic Acid Amplification TechniquesEncyclopedias as TopicGene AmplificationPolymerase Chain ReactionSensitivity and SpecificityBase SequenceMolecular Sequence DataLactaseLactose IntoleranceStarchAmylasesIntestine, SmallLactoseFoodDNA-Directed DNA PolymeraseProtein ConformationKineticsDNA Polymerase IDeoxyribonucleotidesModels, MolecularFungal PolysaccharidesWolfram SyndromeBioreactorsSewageWaste Disposal, FluidEnzyme InhibitorsNitrificationLegislation, VeterinarySubstrate SpecificityAmino Acid SequenceBinding SitesCatalysisHydrogen PeroxideCatalaseWaterOxygenNetherlandsResearchResearch PersonnelResearch Support as TopicBiomedical ResearchResearch DesignPharmacies
BiochemistryBiochemistry
Virtually every reaction in a living cell requires an enzyme to lower the activation energy of the reaction. These molecules ... Knowles JR (1980). "Enzyme-catalyzed phosphoryl transfer reactions". Annu. Rev. Biochem. 49: 877-919. doi:10.1146/annurev.bi. ... By lowering the activation energy, the enzyme speeds up that reaction by a rate of 1011 or more; a reaction that would normally ... The enzyme itself is not used up in the process, and is free to catalyze the same reaction with a new set of substrates. Using ...
Flavin-containing monooxygenaseFlavin-containing monooxygenase
Redox reactions and their enzymes". Chemistry & Biodiversity. 4 (3): 257-405. doi:10.1002/cbdv.200790032. Badieyan S, Bach RD, ... This reaction requires an oxygen, an NADPH cofactor, and an FAD prosthetic group. FMOs share several structural features, such ... Due to the low dissociation constant of the NADP+-enzyme complex, NADP+ is released by the end of the cycle and the enzyme ... However, a key difference between the two enzymes lies in how they proceed to oxidize their respective substrates; CYP enzymes ...
Biological thermodynamicsBiological thermodynamics
"Reactions and Enzymes". On-Line Biology Book. Estrella Mountain Community College. Haynie, Donald T. (2001). Biological ... Likewise, if ∆G is positive, the reaction is nonspontaneous. Chemical reactions can be "coupled" together if they share ... Therefore, an unfavorable reaction (positive ∆G1) can be driven by a second, highly favorable reaction (negative ∆G2 where the ... The ∆G value of the coupled reaction is -1.8 kcal/mole, indicating that the reaction will occur spontaneously. This principle ...
PhosphorylationPhosphorylation
This reaction occurs due to the enzyme hexokinase, an enzyme that helps phosphorylate many six-membered ring structures. ... Biological thermodynamics of energy-requiring reactions *Phosphorylation of Na+/K+-ATPase during the transport of sodium (Na+) ... Mediates enzyme inhibition *Phosphorylation of the enzyme GSK-3 by AKT (Protein kinase B) as part of the insulin signaling ... Phosphorylation initiates the reaction in step 1 of the preparatory step[27] (first half of glycolysis), and initiates step 6 ...
BiocatalysisBiocatalysis
List of enzymes Industrial enzymes Anthonsen, Thorlief (2000). "Reactions Catalyzed by Enzymes". In Adlercreutz, Patrick; ... Similarity between enzymatic reactions (EC) can be calculated by using bond changes, reaction centres or substructure metrics ( ... Immobilized enzymes demonstrate very high stability and re-usability and can be used to conduct reactions in continuous mode in ... Furthermore, the enzymes act under mild conditions, which minimizes problems of undesired side-reactions such as decomposition ...
TransferaseTransferase
Mechanistically, an enzyme that catalyzed the following reaction would be a transferase: X g r o u p + Y → t r a n s f e r a s ... Transferases are involved in myriad reactions in the cell. Three examples of these reactions are the activity of coenzyme A ( ... This enzyme is a component of MoCo biosynthesis in Escherichia coli. The reaction it catalyzes is as follows: adenylyl- ... Prior to the realization that individual enzymes were capable of such a task, it was believed that two or more enzymes enacted ...
Cofactor (biochemistry)Cofactor (biochemistry)
Wimmer MJ, Rose IA (1978). "Mechanisms of enzyme-catalyzed group transfer reactions". Annual Review of Biochemistry. 47: 1031- ... Each class of group-transfer reaction is carried out by a particular cofactor, which is the substrate for a set of enzymes that ... Both of them have the same function, which is to facilitate the reaction of enzymes and protein. Additionally, some sources ... Some enzymes or enzyme complexes require several cofactors. For example, the multienzyme complex pyruvate dehydrogenase[6] at ...
Nucleic acid metabolismNucleic acid metabolism
Both synthesis and degradation reactions require enzymes to facilitate the event. Defects or deficiencies in these enzymes can ... The reaction to remove this -OH is catalyzed by ribonucleotide reductase. This enzyme converts NDPs (nucleoside-diphosphate) to ... This reaction requires the enzyme adenine phosphoribosyltransferase. Free guanine is salvaged in the same way except it ... the enzyme that catalyzes the reversible reaction of producing guanine from GMP. This is a sex-linked congenital defect that ...
MetalloproteinMetalloprotein
... group of enzymes increase the rate of reaction to near the diffusion-limited rate.[32] The key to the action of these enzymes ... which explains its function in trans-methylation reactions, such as the reaction carried out by methionine synthase. ... The enzyme nitrogenase is one of the few enzymes that can catalyze the process. The enzyme occurs in Rhizobium bacteria. There ... Cytochrome P450 enzymes perform the function of inserting an oxygen atom into a C−H bond, an oxidation reaction.[17][18] ...
NNKNNK
These enzymes catalyze hydroxylation reactions. Beside the CYP family NNK can also be activated by metabolic genes, like ... This reaction can be done by two pathways namely by α-methylhydoxylation or by α-methylenehydroxylation. Both pathways produce ... The activation of NNK is done by enzymes of the cytochrome pigment (CYP) multigene family. ...
3-oxoacid CoA-transferase3-oxoacid CoA-transferase
Kinetics and exchange reactions". J. Biol. Chem. 242: 3468-3480. Lynen F, Ochoa S (1953). "Enzymes of fatty acid metabolism". ... In enzymology, a 3-oxoacid CoA-transferase (EC 2.8.3.5) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction succinyl-CoA + a 3- ... This enzyme belongs to the family of transferases, specifically the CoA-transferases. The systematic name of this enzyme class ... This enzyme participates in 3 metabolic pathways: synthesis and degradation of ketone bodies, valine, leucine and isoleucine ...
PeptidoglycanPeptidoglycan
In the reaction, the hydroxyl group of the GlcNAc will attach to the MurNAc in the glycan, which will displace the lipid-PP ... Cross-linking between amino acids in different linear amino sugar chains occurs with the help of the enzyme DD-transpeptidase ... Each of these reactions requires the energy source ATP.[7] This is all referred to as Stage one. ... Also in this reaction, the C3 hydroxyl group will remove a phosphate from the alpha carbon of phosphoenolpyruvate. This creates ...
Histidine decarboxylaseHistidine decarboxylase
"Reaction specificity in pyridoxal phosphate enzymes". Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics. Highlight issue on Enzyme ... targets and inhibits the H1 histamine receptor to relieve symptoms of allergic reactions. Inhibitors of histidine decarboxylase ... The enzyme employs a pyridoxal 5'-phosphate (PLP) cofactor, in similarity to many amino acid decarboxylases. Eukaryotes, as ... Histidine initiates the reaction by displacing lysine 305 and forming a aldimine with PLP. Then, histidine's carboxyl group ...
Vitamin B6Vitamin B6
These enzymes catalyze reactions in the catabolism of methionine. Part of this pathway (the reaction catalyzed by cystathionase ... Its active form, pyridoxal 5′-phosphate, serves as a coenzyme in some 100 enzyme reactions in amino acid, glucose, and lipid ... PLP aids in the synthesis of hemoglobin, by serving as a coenzyme for the enzyme ALA synthase.[6] It also binds to two sites on ... In this reaction, serine is decarboxylated and combined with palmitoyl-CoA to form sphinganine, which is combined with a fatty ...
Cytochrome P450Cytochrome P450
Depending on the substrate and enzyme involved, P450 enzymes can catalyze any of a wide variety of reactions. A hypothetical ... The most common reaction catalyzed by cytochromes P450 is a monooxygenase reaction, e.g., insertion of one atom of oxygen into ... Meunier B, de Visser SP, Shaik S (September 2004). "Mechanism of oxidation reactions catalyzed by cytochrome p450 enzymes". ... Genes encoding CYP enzymes, and the enzymes themselves, are designated with the root symbol CYP for the superfamily, followed ...
HemeHeme
The reaction is catalyzed by the enzyme UDP-glucuronosyltransferase.[citation needed] bilirubin UDP-glucuronosyltransferase ... In peroxidase reactions, the porphyrin molecule also serves as an electron source. In the transportation or detection of ... The rate-limiting enzyme responsible for this reaction, ALA synthase, is negatively regulated by glucose and heme concentration ... In the second reaction, biliverdin is converted to bilirubin by biliverdin reductase (BVR):[citation needed] ...
Amino acid synthesisAmino acid synthesis
The enzyme involved in this reaction is an aminotransferase. α-ketoacid + glutamate ⇄ amino acid + α-ketoglutarate. Glutamate ... Reactions beginning with either one or two molecules of pyruvate lead to the synthesis of alanine, valine, and leucine. ... In E. coli citrate synthase, the enzyme involved in the condensation reaction initiating the Citric Acid Cycle is strongly ... At high concentrations this enzyme will be inactive and serine will not be produced. At low concentrations of serine the enzyme ...
Tryptophan synthaseTryptophan synthase
As such, the channel is essential for enzyme complex function. α subunit reaction: The α subunit catalyzes the formation of ... Huang X, Holden HM, Raushel FM (2001). "Channeling of Substrates and Intermediates in Enzyme-Catalyzes Reactions". Annu Rev ... See image 2. β subunit reaction: The β subunit catalyzes the β-replacement reaction in which indole and serine condense to form ... As such, this enzyme has been studied extensively and is the subject of great interest. Dunn MF, Niks D, Ngo H, Barends TR, ...
OrganismOrganism
Enzymes, which catalyze all of the reactions of metabolism. *Structural proteins, such as tubulin, or collagen ... LUCA's biochemistry was replete with FeS clusters and radical reaction mechanisms. Its cofactors reveal dependence upon ... Use of enzymes and other proteins coded by DNA genes and made via messenger RNA intermediates and ribosomes. ... Although viruses have a few enzymes and molecules characteristic of living organisms, they have no metabolism of their own; ...
Acid catalysisAcid catalysis
Many enzymes operate by acid-catalysis. Acid catalysis is mainly used for organic chemical reactions. Many acids can function ... in the acid catalysed aldol reaction. In general acid catalysis all species capable of donating protons contribute to reaction ... Typical reactions catalyzed by proton transfer are esterfications and aldol reactions. In these reactions the conjugate acid of ... Enzymes catalyze reactions using general-acid and general-base catalysis. Busca, Guido "Acid Catalysts in Industrial ...
Tay-Sachs diseaseTay-Sachs disease
Enzymes are protein catalysts for chemical reactions; as catalysts, they speed up reactions without being used up in the ... so only small enzyme quantities are required to carry out a reaction. Someone homozygous for a nonfunctional mutation in the ... Total hexosaminidase enzyme activity is decreased in individuals with Tay-Sachs as is the percentage of hexosaminidase A. After ... In 1969, Shintaro Okada and John S. O'Brien showed that Tay-Sachs disease was caused by an enzyme defect; he also proved that ...
KEGGKEGG
... REACTION for chemical reactions, and KEGG ENZYME for reactions in the enzyme nomenclature. Currently, there are additional ... chemical compounds and glycans REACTION, RPAIR, RCLASS - chemical reactions ENZYME - enzyme nomenclature Health information ... A set of enzyme genes in the genome will identify enzyme relation networks when superimposed on the KEGG pathway maps, which in ... Goto S, Nishioka T, Kanehisa M (1999). "LIGAND database for enzymes, compounds and reactions". Nucleic Acids Res. 27 (1): 377-9 ...
Bioorganometallic chemistryBioorganometallic chemistry
B12 is shorthand for a collection of related enzymes which effect numerous reactions involving the making and breaking of C-C ... Carbon monoxide dehydrogenase (CODH) catalyzes the water gas shift reaction which provides CO for the biosynthesis of ... Several bioorganometallic enzymes carry out reactions involving carbon monoxide. ... Methylmercury is a particularly infamous case, this cation is produced by the action of vitamin B12-related enzymes on mercury ...
AcetylcholinesteraseAcetylcholinesterase
The hydrolysis reaction of the carboxyl ester leads to the formation of an acyl-enzyme and free choline. Then, the acyl-enzyme ... Bazelyansky M, Robey E, Kirsch JF (1986). "Fractional diffusion-limited component of reactions catalyzed by ... ISBN 978-0-07-160405-5. Quinn DM (1987). "Acetylcholinesterase: enzyme structure, reaction dynamics, and virtual transition ... It is an enzyme that catalyzes the breakdown of acetylcholine and of some other choline esters that function as ...
1-Lysophosphatidylcholine1-Lysophosphatidylcholine
"Homo sapiens Reaction: 3.1.1.5". "KEGG ENZYME: 3.1.1.5". KEGG: Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes. Van Den Bosch, H.; Van ... compounds and reactions. Retrieved 2012-01-10. Sugimoto, H.; Yamashita, S. (May 1999). "Characterization of the transacylase ... Two enzymes are known to catalyze this reaction. LRAT-like protein (RLP-1; a product of the gene HRASLS5), catalyzes transfer ... In the human, an example of such a transacylation reaction is that catalyzed by the enzyme LRAT that converts an all-trans ...
EbolaEbola
... detecting the viral RNA by polymerase chain reaction (PCR)[6][23] and detecting proteins by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay ( ... reactions to the 1976 Ebola outbreak in Zaire.[236][237] ... elevated levels of the liver enzymes alanine aminotransferase ( ...
AnatomyOrganismsDiseasesChemicals and DrugsAnalytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and EquipmentPhenomena and ProcessesDisciplines and OccupationsTechnology, Industry, AgricultureInformation ScienceNamed GroupsHealth CareGeographicals
RheiformesEnzymesDatabases, ProteinStruthioniformesPalaeognathaeInternetDatabases, FactualNucleic Acid Amplification TechniquesEncyclopedias as TopicGene AmplificationPolymerase Chain ReactionSensitivity and SpecificityBase SequenceMolecular Sequence DataLactaseLactose IntoleranceStarchAmylasesIntestine, SmallLactoseFoodDNA-Directed DNA PolymeraseProtein ConformationKineticsDNA Polymerase IDeoxyribonucleotidesModels, MolecularFungal PolysaccharidesWolfram SyndromeBioreactorsSewageWaste Disposal, FluidEnzyme InhibitorsNitrificationLegislation, VeterinarySubstrate SpecificityAmino Acid SequenceBinding SitesCatalysisHydrogen PeroxideCatalaseWaterOxygenNetherlandsResearchResearch PersonnelResearch Support as TopicBiomedical ResearchResearch DesignPharmacies
The All-in-One Guide to Lactose IntoleranceThe All-in-One Guide to Lactose Intolerance
At the same time, it affects the hormonal and enzyme balance, meaning the digestive system doesnt get the enzymes needed. ... On the other hand, a dairy allergy is an allergic reaction to dairy products. Some of the symptoms can be the same, but an ... Theyre common in allergic reactions and usually due to being allergic to the proteins in dairy products. You should always ... Your body continues to struggle to create the enzymes.. There are some people who find that they can take a small amount of ...
positivehealthwellness.com
Application of Electrochemical Biosensor Based on DNA Structure and Nucleic Acid Amplification Technique in Detection of Tumor...Application of Electrochemical Biosensor Based on DNA Structure and Nucleic Acid Amplification Technique in Detection of Tumor...
... of biosensor has triggered a revolution in many fields.It is an analytical device that uses biological or biochemical reactions ... such as enzymes,light,chemical reactions,etc.,and can be slowed down or even stopped due to the presence of the original ... we designed cascade reaction-driven DNA walker to solve the above problems,and applied it to a novelbiosensor for the detect of ... based enzyme cleaving for fast walk to construct a novel electrochemical biosensor for simultaneously ultrasensitive detection ...
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Lactose IntoleranceLactose Intolerance
Well, because there is no lactase enzyme, the lactose present in milk cannot be digested so it goes in its intact form to the ... That is, someone who experiences an allergic reaction from consuming cows milk can also experience symptoms of red rashes on ... Little can have various reactions after drinking milk. For example, bloating, colic, diarrhea or even constipation or ... What is the lactase enzyme? This is an element in the small intestine that works to break lactose into energy, for the body ...
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Lactose Intolerance Symptoms: 6 Signs You May Have ItLactose Intolerance Symptoms: 6 Signs You May Have It
Really intense reactions to lactose may produce the urge to vomit.. Vomiting is always an unpleasant experience, but it is a ... Depending on your bodys reaction to lactose, it may choose to speed the milk products through your system as quickly as ... Congenital or developmental intolerance presents when a child is born with no activity of lactase, the enzyme needed to digest ... healthy reaction; your body develops to rid itself of problems. If lactose is leading to vomiting, it is most definitely a ...
healthliving.today
Asymmetric Stetter reactions catalyzed by thiamine diphosphate-dependent enzymes | SpringerLinkAsymmetric Stetter reactions catalyzed by thiamine diphosphate-dependent enzymes | SpringerLink
The intermolecular asymmetric Stetter reaction is an almost unexplored transformation for biocatalysts. Previously reported ... dependent PigD from Serratia marcescens is the first enzyme identified to catalyze the Stetter reaction of α,β-unsaturated ... SeAAS and HapD catalyze intermolecular Stetter reactions in vitro with high enantioselectivity. The enzymes possess a ... Moreover, PigD, SeAAS, and HapD are also able to catalyze asymmetric carbon-carbon bond formation reactions of aldehydes and α- ...
link.springer.com
IntEnz - Integrated Enzyme Database / Curation Requests / #14 Assign bidirectional reactions instead of undefinedIntEnz - Integrated Enzyme Database / Curation Requests / #14 Assign bidirectional reactions instead of undefined
... enzymes will have assigned a reaction which occurs in both directions at the same time. ... Currently, most of the Rhea reactions assigned to an enzyme entry have undefined direction (UN).. It has been requested that, ... Once the Rhea reactions have been normalised - very very soon -, i.e. they share all of their attributes except for Rhea ID, ... IntEnz - Integrated Enzyme Database. Brought to you by: adekker2, mkvenkatesh, mtbl-ebi ...
sourceforge.net
CHAPTER 2.4 CHEMICAL REACTIONS AND ENZYMES by Lisa Boulden on PreziCHAPTER 2.4 CHEMICAL REACTIONS AND ENZYMES by Lisa Boulden on Prezi
Part of an enzymes name is usually derived from the reaction it catalyzes.. ENZYME SUBSTRATE COMPLEX. For a chemical reaction ... ENZYMES. What role do enzymes play in living things and what affects their function?. Enzymes speed up chemical reactions that ... Transcript of CHAPTER 2.4 CHEMICAL REACTIONS AND ENZYMES. 2.4 CHEMICAL REACTIONS AND ENZYMES. Living things are made up of ... Such a site reduces the energy needed for reaction.. The reactants of enzyme-catalyzed reactions are known as substrates. The ...
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PhD Theses of Enzyme Reactions and Bio-Separations - WURPhD Theses of Enzyme Reactions and Bio-Separations - WUR
PhD Theses of Enzyme Reactions and Bio-Separations. Here is an overview of recent PhD Theses:. Reaction and separation ... Effective use of enzyme microreactors : thermal, kinetic and ethical guidelines. Swarts, J.W. (2009) Abstract ; Full text. ... Enzyme immobilization on graft copolymers. Mohy Eldin, M.S. (1999) Abstract ; Full text ... Oligosaccharide production with thermophilic enzymes. Bruins, M.E. (2003) Abstract ; Full Text ...
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Interplay between Two Periodic Enzyme Reactions as a Source for Complex Oscillatory Behaviour | SpringerLinkInterplay between Two Periodic Enzyme Reactions as a Source for Complex Oscillatory Behaviour | SpringerLink
A single autocatalytic enzyme reaction operating far from equilibrium has been recognized as a major mechanism responsible for ... A single autocatalytic enzyme reaction operating far from equilibrium has been recognized as a major mechanism responsible for ... Decroly O. (1987) Interplay between Two Periodic Enzyme Reactions as a Source for Complex Oscillatory Behaviour. In: Degn H., ... Interplay between Two Periodic Enzyme Reactions as a Source for Complex Oscillatory Behaviour. ...
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Quantum Tunnelling in Enzyme-Catalysed Reactions : Roderick E. Hubbard : 9780854041220Quantum Tunnelling in Enzyme-Catalysed Reactions : Roderick E. Hubbard : 9780854041220
Quantum Tunnelling in Enzyme-Catalysed Reactions by Roderick E. Hubbard, 9780854041220, available at Book Depository with free ... The Powell-Bruice Tunneling Model Reaction; Enzymic Tunneling in Alcohol Dehydrogenases; Model Reactions and the Catalytic ... Model Reactions and MCM Catalytic Power; The Roles of Theory in the Comparison of Model and Enzymic Reactions; Model Reactions ... The Strengths and Weaknesses of Model Reactions for the Assessment of Tunneling in Enzymic Reactions; Model Reactions for ...
bookdepository.com
Nicking enzyme amplification reaction - WikipediaNicking enzyme amplification reaction - Wikipedia
... to PCR is that production of nonspecific amplification products is a common issue with isothermal amplification reactions. The ... Nicking Enzyme Amplification Reaction (NEAR) is a method for in vitro DNA amplification like the polymerase chain reaction (PCR ... The ability of several of these enzymes to catalyze isothermal DNA amplification was disclosed but not claimed in the patents ... issued for the enzymes themselves. Polymerase chain reaction Biosensors 2013, 3, 18-43; doi:10.3390/bios3010018 Biochemistry. ...
en.wikipedia.org
Engineering the P450 enzyme to perform new reactionsEngineering the P450 enzyme to perform new reactions
But what if you want an enzyme to do an entirely different job-one that it would never have to do in a cell? ... ... Enzymes, the micro machines in our cells, can evolve to perform new tasks when confronted with novel situations. ... In this report, the team sought to train a previously identified bacterial P450 mutant to perform a chemical reaction of ... Engineered cytochrome P450 enzymes can perform chemical reactions valuable to the pharmaceutical community. Credit: Frances H. ...
phys.org
Why did you add BSA into all the restriction enzyme reaction buffers? | NEBWhy did you add BSA into all the restriction enzyme reaction buffers? | NEB
NEB has included BSA in all its restriction enzyme buffers, eliminating the need to add it as a separate step. ... This makes digestion reactions simpler, set-up time even faster, and decreases the number of tubes to store.. ... FAQ: Why did you add BSA into all the restriction enzyme reaction buffers?. As an added convenience for our customers, NEB has ... Home FAQs Why did you add BSA into all the restriction enzyme reaction buffers? ...
neb.com
Common Enzyme in Skin Care Products Can Induce Allergic ReactionCommon Enzyme in Skin Care Products Can Induce Allergic Reaction
... a common enzyme used in cosmetic products, a strong allergic reaction is possible. ... When humans or animals come in contact with papain, strong allergic reactions of the skin can be the result, as scientists from ... These immunoglobulins are the cause of the allergic reaction toward the enzyme. ... There even are enzyme-based shampoos for house pets to clean the fur and make it easier to brush. ...
skininc.com
Science Project Factors affecting the enzymes reaction ratesScience Project Factors affecting the enzyme's reaction rates
Because of the importance of enzyme activity in different chemical and biochemical reactions, it is important to know the ... How does enzyme concentration affect the rate of a reaction involving a specific enzyme as a catalyst? ... One role of enzymes in our body is digesting different foods. For example Lactase is the enzyme in the small intestine that ... You will need to perform a chemical reaction involving enzymes and measure the rate of production. ...
scienceproject.com
Label-free optical detection of single enzyme-reactant reactions and associated conformational changes | Science AdvancesLabel-free optical detection of single enzyme-reactant reactions and associated conformational changes | Science Advances
and J. Weng Interaction of gold nanoparticles with Pfu DNA polymerase and effect on polymerase chain reaction. IET ... However, detecting the enzyme-reactant interactions and associated conformational changes of the enzyme on a single-molecule ... Label-free optical detection of single enzyme-reactant reactions and associated conformational changes ... Label-free optical detection of single enzyme-reactant reactions and associated conformational changes ...
advances.sciencemag.org
Effects of Enzymes on Chemical Reaction RatesEffects of Enzymes on Chemical Reaction Rates
Enzymes increases the rates of chemical reactions by providing a reaction pathway with a transition state free energy barrier ... Enzymes increases the rates of chemical reactions by providing a reaction pathway with a transition state free energy barrier ... the catalyze enzyme coupling or linking the reaction can be resolute. In this analyse, the catalyzed enzyme must be in excess ... An enzyme activity is often articulated by the initial rate (V0) of the reaction been catalyzed. V0 are µmol min-1; and can ...
ukessays.com
Reaction pattern of human anti-Mycoplasma pneumoniae antibodies in enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays and immunoblotting. |...Reaction pattern of human anti-Mycoplasma pneumoniae antibodies in enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays and immunoblotting. |...
IgG blots revealed, up to 7 years, only very few reactions with a 168-kilodalton protein, but in higher age groups a ... Reaction pattern of human anti-Mycoplasma pneumoniae antibodies in enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays and immunoblotting.. E ... Reaction pattern of human anti-Mycoplasma pneumoniae antibodies in enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays and immunoblotting. ... Reaction pattern of human anti-Mycoplasma pneumoniae antibodies in enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays and immunoblotting. ...
jcm.asm.org
The Chemistry of Life: carbon, chemistry, en, enzymes, life, of, reactions, science | Glogster EDU - Interactive multimedia...The Chemistry of Life: carbon, chemistry, en, enzymes, life, of, reactions, science | Glogster EDU - Interactive multimedia...
... enzymes, life, of, reactions, science , Glogster EDU - Interactive multimedia posters ... Process involves reactants, which originally enter reaction, and products, which are the result. ... Enzymes. Enzymes act a a biological catalyst. Naturally speeds up reactions. Reactants that act with enzymes are called ... Chemical Reactions. In chemical reactions, chemical bonds are broken and built. Sometimes, energy is needed to make it react, ...
edu.glogster.com
ENZO: A Web Tool for Derivation and Evaluation of Kinetic Models of Enzyme Catalyzed ReactionsENZO: A Web Tool for Derivation and Evaluation of Kinetic Models of Enzyme Catalyzed Reactions
ENZO allows rapid evaluation of rival reaction schemes and can be used for routine tests in enzyme kinetics. It is freely ... ENZO automatically generates the corresponding differential equations from a stipulated enzyme reaction scheme. These ... a graphical interface for building kinetic models of enzyme catalyzed reactions. ... Enzyme kinetics Is the Subject Area "Enzyme kinetics" applicable to this article? Yes. No. ...
journals.plos.org
Inhibition of Enzyme Reactions in Continuous Stirred-Tank Reactor and Batch Reactor - Wolfram Demonstrations ProjectInhibition of Enzyme Reactions in Continuous Stirred-Tank Reactor and Batch Reactor - Wolfram Demonstrations Project
... of inhibition competitive uncompetitive noncompetitivemixed and reaction with no inhibitor are compared for an enzyme reaction ... Inhibitors decrease the rates that enzymes bind to substrates and convert them to products Three types ... Inhibition of Enzyme Reactions in Continuous Stirred-Tank Reactor and Batch Reactor. ... In noncompetitive inhibition, the inhibitor attacks the enzyme to form an enzyme-inhibitor complex or it attacks the enzyme- ...
demonstrations.wolfram.com
Frontiers | UDP-Sugar Producing Pyrophosphorylases: Distinct and Essential Enzymes With Overlapping Substrate Specificities,...Frontiers | UDP-Sugar Producing Pyrophosphorylases: Distinct and Essential Enzymes With Overlapping Substrate Specificities,...
This constitutes a problem when studying exact in vivo roles of the enzymes using classical reverse genetics approaches. Thus, ... This constitutes a problem when studying exact in vivo roles of the enzymes using classical reverse genetics approaches. Thus ... Substrate specificities of these enzymes are discussed, along with structure-function relationships, based on their crystal ... Substrate specificities of these enzymes are discussed, along with structure-function relationships, based on their crystal ...
frontiersin.org
Complete hydrolysis of 25 mM ethyl acetate in an enzyme esterase catalyzed reactionComplete hydrolysis of 25 mM ethyl acetate in an enzyme esterase catalyzed reaction
Okay so if i have two enzyme catalyzed reactions: 1) delta g of the ES = -22kJ/mol 2) delta g od the ES = 42 kJ/mol Is this ... An enzyme-catalyzed reaction is carried out in a 50-mL solution containing 0.1 M TRIS buffer. The pH of the reaction mixture at ... At body temperature (37C), K of an enzyme-catalyzed reaction is 2.3x10^14 times greater than k of the uncatalyzed reaction. ... Complete hydrolysis of 25 mM ethyl acetate in an enzyme (i.e., esterase)-catalyzed reaction is carried out in a 40 mM NaCl ...
jiskha.com
Sandwalk: On the Evolution of New Enzymes: Completely Different Enzymes Can Catalyze Similar ReactionsSandwalk: On the Evolution of New Enzymes: Completely Different Enzymes Can Catalyze Similar Reactions
There are many possible ways of catalyzing a given metabolic reaction. What we see today is the "lucky winner"-the one enzyme ... In many cases, new enzymes evolve from primitive enzymes that catalyzed similar reactions [see The Evolution of Enzymes from ... On the Evolution of New Enzymes: Completely Different Enzymes Can Catalyze Similar Reactions ... Together, these two enzymes catalyze these reactions.. A recent paper by Zhang and Bryant (2011) reports on the discovery of ...
sandwalk.blogspot.com
What Factors affect the rate of enzyme reaction - A-Level Science - Marked by Teachers.comWhat Factors affect the rate of enzyme reaction - A-Level Science - Marked by Teachers.com
This enzyme is known to have one of the highest reactions out of all; every second, one molecule of catalase is able to ... In a catalysed enzyme reaction, molecules named substrates fit into the active site and form an enzyme-substrate complex, a ... Factors That Affect the Rate of an Enzyme Reaction. The enzyme substrate complex goes through a transition stage where it is ... Investigating which factors affect the rate of enzyme reaction Introduction to practical: Enzymes are proteins that are able to ...
markedbyteachers.com
AnatomyOrganismsDiseasesChemicals and DrugsAnalytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and EquipmentPhenomena and ProcessesDisciplines and OccupationsTechnology, Industry, AgricultureInformation ScienceNamed GroupsHealth CareGeographicals
RheiformesEnzymesDatabases, ProteinStruthioniformesPalaeognathaeInternetDatabases, FactualNucleic Acid Amplification TechniquesEncyclopedias as TopicGene AmplificationPolymerase Chain ReactionSensitivity and SpecificityBase SequenceMolecular Sequence DataLactaseLactose IntoleranceStarchAmylasesIntestine, SmallLactoseFoodDNA-Directed DNA PolymeraseProtein ConformationKineticsDNA Polymerase IDeoxyribonucleotidesModels, MolecularFungal PolysaccharidesWolfram SyndromeBioreactorsSewageWaste Disposal, FluidEnzyme InhibitorsNitrificationLegislation, VeterinarySubstrate SpecificityAmino Acid SequenceBinding SitesCatalysisHydrogen PeroxideCatalaseWaterOxygenNetherlandsResearchResearch PersonnelResearch Support as TopicBiomedical ResearchResearch DesignPharmacies
Lactase enzymeLactoseAllergicMilkAffectsKineticsSubstratesLiving organismsCatalysisMichaelis-MentenReactantsCatalaseSynthesisCatalystCatalyseTemperatureCatalyticBiocatalystsBinds with the enzymeSpecific enzymeDecompositionExample of enzyme evolutionInhibitorsCatalyzesPolymersAffect the enzyme activityMoleculeRole of enzymesEquilibriumHydrolysisGlobularEnzymatic reactionsSubstrate concentrationKineticOrganicDigests starchStarchIncreasesCatalysesConcentration of substrateBiochemical reactionProtein enzymesHydrogenActivityAcidsCOMPLEXRestriction enzymeArtificial enzymesRateInhibitorConcentrationsConstantsEscherichia
Lactase enzyme3
Lactose1
Allergic2
Milk1
Affects1
Kinetics15
Substrates17
Living organisms9
Catalysis2
Michaelis-Menten5
Reactants6
Catalase9
Synthesis12
  • Nucleotide sugars are the key precursors for all glycosylation reactions and are required both for oligo- and polysaccharides synthesis and protein and lipid glycosylation. (frontiersin.org)
  • The method was applied to amine transaminase (ATA) catalyzed reactions intensifying process development for chiral amine synthesis. (lu.se)
  • Publications] Hirosato Ebiike: 'Enzyme-Catalyzed Synthesis of Biologically Active (S)-Nilvadipine' Heterocyles. (nii.ac.jp)
  • Publications] Eisaku Mizuguchi: 'An Enzyme-catalyzed Synthesis of Natural α-Tocopherol' Tetrahedron : Asymmetry. (nii.ac.jp)
  • Studies into the biosynthesis of these metabolites have revealed that the producing Streptomyces bacteria perform elegant chemical reactions that are difficult to accomplish by conventional organic synthesis. (pnas.org)
  • In addition, enzymes are often chemospecific, regiospecific and/or enantiospecific, enabling the synthesis of products with well-defined or stereospecific structures [ 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 ]. (mdpi.com)
  • A stereoselective three-enzyme cascade for synthesis of diasteromerically pure γ-oxyfunctionalized α-amino acids was developed. (frontiersin.org)
  • Please note that the volume needed for each reagent is based on a final cDNA Synthesis and Template Switching reaction volume of 10 μl. (neb.com)
  • Microwaves devices designed specifically for chemical synthesis thus make things easier for industrial and academic chemists alike.1 So, this technique becomes a widely accepted energy source for performing chemical reactions. (bartleby.com)
  • Although microwave synthesis is relatively a modern technique, the first synthetic application was reported in 1971.2 However, considerable attention in the field was observed in 1986 when significant rate acceleration was achieved for reactions carried out in a conventional microwave oven.3 This success aroused scientist to develop more advanced microwave devices designed for chemical synthesis. (bartleby.com)
  • Since then microwave is getting more common technique in organic synthesis and solution phase chemistry.4,5,6 Organic reactions such as esterification, etherification, hydrolysis, substitution reactions and Diels-Alder reactions have been studied in the microwave oven and relevant examples can be found in the literature. (bartleby.com)
  • Different chemical reactions are used in combinations during chemical synthesis in order to obtain a desired product. (wikipedia.org)
Catalyst19
Catalyse4
Temperature18
Catalytic5
  • DiRocco D, Rovis T (2011) Catalytic asymmetric intermolecular Stetter reaction of enals with nitroalkenes: enhancement of catalytic efficiency through bifunctional additives. (springer.com)
  • The side effects caused by Salidomide drug promoted scientists to investigate the selective synthetic methods and catalytic asymmetric reactions because that only its one enantiomer caused physical deformity. (nii.ac.jp)
  • We report ab initio and DFT calculations highlighting the specific influence of ion complexation, including Mg2+, identified as a key catalytic component on radical stability and reaction control in 7-carboxy-7-deazaguanine synthase (QueE). (nottingham.ac.uk)
  • 2.) A substrate is converted to a product by the catalytic action of an enzyme. (scribd.com)
  • The data presented here provide a glimpse into the evolutionary trajectory of functional DHFR through its protein sequence space that lead to the diverged binding and catalytic properties of the E. coli and human enzymes. (pnas.org)
Biocatalysts2
Binds with the enzyme3
Specific enzyme2
Decomposition3
Example of enzyme evolution2
  • The most recent and most clear cut example of enzyme evolution is the rise of bioremediating enzymes in the past 60 years. (wikipedia.org)
  • Our findings significantly expand the repertoire of reactions reported for this important protein family and provide an illustrative example of enzyme evolution. (pnas.org)
Inhibitors3
  • Background Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs) are among the most frequently prescribed groups of medications. (springer.com)
  • In prescription databases, switching from Angiotensin Converting Enzyme Inhibitors to Angiotensin Receptor Blockers is the best indicator for the ACEI-induced adverse drug reactions. (springer.com)
  • These include: the docking site, possible interactions with metal ions and viral DNA, the amino acids involved in binding, the role of drug resistance mutations, and the conformations assumed by the inhibitors in complex with the enzyme. (biomedcentral.com)
Catalyzes3
Polymers1
Affect the enzyme activity2
Molecule3
Role of enzymes1
Equilibrium6
Hydrolysis1
  • Complete hydrolysis of 25 mM ethyl acetate in an enzyme esterase catalyzed reaction is carried out in a 40 mM NaCl solution buffered by 0.2 M Tris-Cl, pH 9.1. (jiskha.com)
Globular1
  • In their globular structure, one or more polypeptide chains twist and fold, bringing together a small number of amino acids to form the active site, or the location on the enzyme where the substrate binds and the reaction takes place. (writework.com)
Enzymatic reactions2
  • Another advantage is the mild conditions under which many enzymatic reactions can be done, often leading to products with less color or odor, and reduced levels of undesirable by-products. (mdpi.com)
  • thus many enzymatic reactions with relatively low yields can still be useful. (mdpi.com)
Substrate concentration1
Kinetic7
  • Effective use of enzyme microreactors : thermal, kinetic and ethical guidelines. (wur.nl)
  • It covers computational, kinetic and structural analysis of tunnelling and the synergy in combining these methods (with a major focus on H-tunneling reactions in enzyme systems). (bookdepository.com)
  • Enzyme- and ruthenium-catalyzed dynamic kinetic asymmetric transformation (DYKAT) of bicyclic diols to their diacetates was highly enantio- and diastereoselective to give the corresponding diacetates in high yield with high enantioselectivity (99.9 % ee ). (diva-portal.org)
  • This kinetic model of glycogenolysis, coupled to creatine kinase and adenylate kinase, simulated published experiments made with a cell-free enzyme mixture to reconstitute the network and to synthesize PCr and lactate in vitro. (cellml.org)
  • Using the enzyme kinetic and thermodynamic data in the literature, the simulations required minimal adjustments of parameters to describe the data. (cellml.org)
  • These results show that incorporation of appropriate physical chemistry of the reactions with accurate kinetic modeling gives a reasonable simulation of experimental data and is necessary for a physically correct representation of the metabolic network. (cellml.org)
  • Knowledge of the enzyme kinetic constants allows us to gain a better understanding of the enzymes and processes that take place in human metabolism. (news-medical.net)
Organic3
  • In the system without addition of any mediator, the degradation of PFOA up to 24% over 12 weeks of reaction was observed indicating that soil organic matter could serve as mediator. (uga.edu)
  • Oxidation reactions are widely used in the production of organic chemicals, but they often form wasteful byproducts. (epa.gov)
  • The item "Organic Chemistry of Enzyme-Catalyzed Reactions by Richard B. Silverman" is in sale since Thursday, November 8, 2018. (neworganicchemistry.com)
Digests starch2
Starch2
  • Consider the reaction in which a complex carbohydrate, such as starch, is broken down in the body to produce the simpler sugars known as sucrose. (encyclopedia.com)
  • The compound present at the beginning of the reaction (starch) is known as the reactant. (encyclopedia.com)
Increases4
Catalyses2
Concentration of substrate1
Biochemical reaction1
  • As a consequence, every biochemical reaction in the cytoplasm has an associated proton stoichiometry that is generally noninteger- and pH-dependent. (cellml.org)
Protein enzymes2
Hydrogen3
Activity13
Acids1
  • What's the probability of stringing together just the right amino acids by chance in order to get a new enzyme? (blogspot.com)
COMPLEX3
Restriction enzyme3
  • Why did you add BSA into all the restriction enzyme reaction buffers? (neb.com)
  • As an added convenience for our customers, NEB has included BSA in all its restriction enzyme buffers, eliminating the need to add it as a separate step. (neb.com)
  • The plasmid is generated in a single tube by cutting modular components with the restriction enzyme SapI, which are then "trapped" in a fixed order by ligation to generate the targeting vector. (genetics.org)
Artificial enzymes2
  • This method relies on the high affinity of the protein streptavidin for the vitamin biotin, where compounds bound to biotin can be introduced into the protein to generate artificial enzymes. (unibas.ch)
  • Scientists have spent decades trying to create artificial enzymes capable of cranking out important chemicals and fuels at an industrial scale with performance rivaling their natural counterparts. (labmanager.com)
Rate10
Inhibitor3
Concentrations2
Constants1
  • Leonor Michaelis and Maud Menten introduced a mathematical illustration to describe the action of enzymes with two constants, V max and K m . (news-medical.net)
Escherichia1