Hypersensitivity, Delayed: An increased reactivity to specific antigens mediated not by antibodies but by cells.Drug Hypersensitivity: Immunologically mediated adverse reactions to medicinal substances used legally or illegally.Hypersensitivity: Altered reactivity to an antigen, which can result in pathologic reactions upon subsequent exposure to that particular antigen.Alveolitis, Extrinsic Allergic: A common interstitial lung disease caused by hypersensitivity reactions of PULMONARY ALVEOLI after inhalation of and sensitization to environmental antigens of microbial, animal, or chemical sources. The disease is characterized by lymphocytic alveolitis and granulomatous pneumonitis.Dermatitis, Contact: A type of acute or chronic skin reaction in which sensitivity is manifested by reactivity to materials or substances coming in contact with the skin. It may involve allergic or non-allergic mechanisms.Dentin SensitivitySkin Tests: Epicutaneous or intradermal application of a sensitizer for demonstration of either delayed or immediate hypersensitivity. Used in diagnosis of hypersensitivity or as a test for cellular immunity.Hypersensitivity, Immediate: Hypersensitivity reactions which occur within minutes of exposure to challenging antigen due to the release of histamine which follows the antigen-antibody reaction and causes smooth muscle contraction and increased vascular permeability.Dinitrofluorobenzene: Irritants and reagents for labeling terminal amino acid groups.Hyperalgesia: An increased sensation of pain or discomfort produced by mimimally noxious stimuli due to damage to soft tissue containing NOCICEPTORS or injury to a peripheral nerve.Picryl Chloride: A hapten that generates suppressor cells capable of down-regulating the efferent phase of trinitrophenol-specific contact hypersensitivity. (Arthritis Rheum 1991 Feb;34(2):180).Dermatitis, Allergic Contact: A contact dermatitis due to allergic sensitization to various substances. These substances subsequently produce inflammatory reactions in the skin of those who have acquired hypersensitivity to them as a result of prior exposure.Oxazolone: Immunologic adjuvant and sensitizing agent.Food Hypersensitivity: Gastrointestinal disturbances, skin eruptions, or shock due to allergic reactions to allergens in food.Immunity, Cellular: Manifestations of the immune response which are mediated by antigen-sensitized T-lymphocytes via lymphokines or direct cytotoxicity. This takes place in the absence of circulating antibody or where antibody plays a subordinate role.Dentin Desensitizing Agents: Substances which reduce or eliminate dentinal sensitivity or the pain associated with a source of stimulus (such as touch, heat, or cold) at the orifice of exposed dentinal tubules causing the movement of tubular fluid that in turn stimulates tooth nerve receptors.Haptens: Small antigenic determinants capable of eliciting an immune response only when coupled to a carrier. Haptens bind to antibodies but by themselves cannot elicit an antibody response.Cell Migration Inhibition: Phenomenon of cell-mediated immunity measured by in vitro inhibition of the migration or phagocytosis of antigen-stimulated LEUKOCYTES or MACROPHAGES. Specific CELL MIGRATION ASSAYS have been developed to estimate levels of migration inhibitory factors, immune reactivity against tumor-associated antigens, and immunosuppressive effects of infectious microorganisms.Pain Threshold: Amount of stimulation required before the sensation of pain is experienced.Skin: The outer covering of the body that protects it from the environment. It is composed of the DERMIS and the EPIDERMIS.Anaphylaxis: An acute hypersensitivity reaction due to exposure to a previously encountered ANTIGEN. The reaction may include rapidly progressing URTICARIA, respiratory distress, vascular collapse, systemic SHOCK, and death.Intradermal Tests: Skin tests in which the sensitizer is injected.Drug Eruptions: Adverse cutaneous reactions caused by ingestion, parenteral use, or local application of a drug. These may assume various morphologic patterns and produce various types of lesions.Antigens: Substances that are recognized by the immune system and induce an immune reaction.Immunization, Passive: Transfer of immunity from immunized to non-immune host by administration of serum antibodies, or transplantation of lymphocytes (ADOPTIVE TRANSFER).Latex Hypersensitivity: Allergic reaction to products containing processed natural rubber latex such as rubber gloves, condoms, catheters, dental dams, balloons, and sporting equipment. Both T-cell mediated (HYPERSENSITIVITY, DELAYED) and IgE antibody-mediated (HYPERSENSITIVITY, IMMEDIATE) allergic responses are possible. Delayed hypersensitivity results from exposure to antioxidants present in the rubber; immediate hypersensitivity results from exposure to a latex protein.Respiratory Hypersensitivity: A form of hypersensitivity affecting the respiratory tract. It includes ASTHMA and RHINITIS, ALLERGIC, SEASONAL.Immunoglobulin E: An immunoglobulin associated with MAST CELLS. Overexpression has been associated with allergic hypersensitivity (HYPERSENSITIVITY, IMMEDIATE).Visceral Afferents: The sensory fibers innervating the viscera.Mice, Inbred BALB CTuberculin: A protein extracted from boiled culture of tubercle bacilli (MYCOBACTERIUM TUBERCULOSIS). It is used in the tuberculin skin test (TUBERCULIN TEST) for the diagnosis of tuberculosis infection in asymptomatic persons.Mice, Inbred C57BLImmunization: Deliberate stimulation of the host's immune response. ACTIVE IMMUNIZATION involves administration of ANTIGENS or IMMUNOLOGIC ADJUVANTS. PASSIVE IMMUNIZATION involves administration of IMMUNE SERA or LYMPHOCYTES or their extracts (e.g., transfer factor, immune RNA) or transplantation of immunocompetent cell producing tissue (thymus or bone marrow).Guinea Pigs: A common name used for the genus Cavia. The most common species is Cavia porcellus which is the domesticated guinea pig used for pets and biomedical research.Neuralgia: Intense or aching pain that occurs along the course or distribution of a peripheral or cranial nerve.Physical Stimulation: Act of eliciting a response from a person or organism through physical contact.Freund's Adjuvant: An antigen solution emulsified in mineral oil. The complete form is made up of killed, dried mycobacteria, usually M. tuberculosis, suspended in the oil phase. It is effective in stimulating cell-mediated immunity (IMMUNITY, CELLULAR) and potentiates the production of certain IMMUNOGLOBULINS in some animals. The incomplete form does not contain mycobacteria.T-Lymphocytes: Lymphocytes responsible for cell-mediated immunity. Two types have been identified - cytotoxic (T-LYMPHOCYTES, CYTOTOXIC) and helper T-lymphocytes (T-LYMPHOCYTES, HELPER-INDUCER). They are formed when lymphocytes circulate through the THYMUS GLAND and differentiate to thymocytes. When exposed to an antigen, they divide rapidly and produce large numbers of new T cells sensitized to that antigen.Spinal Nerves: The 31 paired peripheral nerves formed by the union of the dorsal and ventral spinal roots from each spinal cord segment. The spinal nerve plexuses and the spinal roots are also included.Dinitrochlorobenzene: A skin irritant that may cause dermatitis of both primary and allergic types. Contact sensitization with DNCB has been used as a measure of cellular immunity. DNCB is also used as a reagent for the detection and determination of pyridine compounds.Erythema: Redness of the skin produced by congestion of the capillaries. This condition may result from a variety of causes.Irritable Bowel Syndrome: A disorder with chronic or recurrent colonic symptoms without a clearcut etiology. This condition is characterized by chronic or recurrent ABDOMINAL PAIN, bloating, MUCUS in FECES, and an erratic disturbance of DEFECATION.Pain Measurement: Scales, questionnaires, tests, and other methods used to assess pain severity and duration in patients or experimental animals to aid in diagnosis, therapy, and physiological studies.Antibody Formation: The production of ANTIBODIES by proliferating and differentiated B-LYMPHOCYTES under stimulation by ANTIGENS.Pain: An unpleasant sensation induced by noxious stimuli which are detected by NERVE ENDINGS of NOCICEPTIVE NEURONS.Spleen: An encapsulated lymphatic organ through which venous blood filters.Allergens: Antigen-type substances that produce immediate hypersensitivity (HYPERSENSITIVITY, IMMEDIATE).Ovalbumin: An albumin obtained from the white of eggs. It is a member of the serpin superfamily.Arthus Reaction: A dermal inflammatory reaction produced under conditions of antibody excess, when a second injection of antigen produces intravascular antigen-antibody complexes which bind complement, causing cell clumping, endothelial damage, and vascular necrosis.Passive Cutaneous Anaphylaxis: An evanescent cutaneous reaction occurring when antibody is injected into a local area on the skin and antigen is subsequently injected intravenously along with a dye. The dye makes the rapidly occurring capillary dilatation and increased vascular permeability readily visible by leakage into the reaction site. PCA is a sensitive reaction for detecting very small quantities of antibodies and is also a method for studying the mechanisms of immediate hypersensitivity.Immune Tolerance: The specific failure of a normally responsive individual to make an immune response to a known antigen. It results from previous contact with the antigen by an immunologically immature individual (fetus or neonate) or by an adult exposed to extreme high-dose or low-dose antigen, or by exposure to radiation, antimetabolites, antilymphocytic serum, etc.Langerhans Cells: Recirculating, dendritic, antigen-presenting cells containing characteristic racket-shaped granules (Birbeck granules). They are found principally in the stratum spinosum of the EPIDERMIS and are rich in Class II MAJOR HISTOCOMPATIBILITY COMPLEX molecules. Langerhans cells were the first dendritic cell to be described and have been a model of study for other dendritic cells (DCs), especially other migrating DCs such as dermal DCs and INTERSTITIAL DENDRITIC CELLS.Disease Models, Animal: Naturally occurring or experimentally induced animal diseases with pathological processes sufficiently similar to those of human diseases. They are used as study models for human diseases.Bird Fancier's Lung: A form of alveolitis or pneumonitis due to an acquired hypersensitivity to inhaled avian antigens, usually proteins in the dust of bird feathers and droppings.BCG Vaccine: An active immunizing agent and a viable avirulent attenuated strain of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, var. bovis, which confers immunity to mycobacterial infections. It is used also in immunotherapy of neoplasms due to its stimulation of antibodies and non-specific immunity.Nociception: Sensing of noxious mechanical, thermal or chemical stimuli by NOCICEPTORS. It is the sensory component of visceral and tissue pain (NOCICEPTIVE PAIN).Lymphocyte Activation: Morphologic alteration of small B LYMPHOCYTES or T LYMPHOCYTES in culture into large blast-like cells able to synthesize DNA and RNA and to divide mitotically. It is induced by INTERLEUKINS; MITOGENS such as PHYTOHEMAGGLUTININS, and by specific ANTIGENS. It may also occur in vivo as in GRAFT REJECTION.Visceral Pain: Pain originating from internal organs (VISCERA) associated with autonomic phenomena (PALLOR; SWEATING; NAUSEA; and VOMITING). It often becomes a REFERRED PAIN.Lymphocytes: White blood cells formed in the body's lymphoid tissue. The nucleus is round or ovoid with coarse, irregularly clumped chromatin while the cytoplasm is typically pale blue with azurophilic (if any) granules. Most lymphocytes can be classified as either T or B (with subpopulations of each), or NATURAL KILLER CELLS.Patch Tests: Skin tests in which the sensitizer is applied to a patch of cotton cloth or gauze held in place for approximately 48-72 hours. It is used for the elicitation of a contact hypersensitivity reaction.Deoxyribonuclease I: An enzyme capable of hydrolyzing highly polymerized DNA by splitting phosphodiester linkages, preferentially adjacent to a pyrimidine nucleotide. This catalyzes endonucleolytic cleavage of DNA yielding 5'-phosphodi- and oligonucleotide end-products. The enzyme has a preference for double-stranded DNA.Mice, Knockout: Strains of mice in which certain GENES of their GENOMES have been disrupted, or "knocked-out". To produce knockouts, using RECOMBINANT DNA technology, the normal DNA sequence of the gene being studied is altered to prevent synthesis of a normal gene product. Cloned cells in which this DNA alteration is successful are then injected into mouse EMBRYOS to produce chimeric mice. The chimeric mice are then bred to yield a strain in which all the cells of the mouse contain the disrupted gene. Knockout mice are used as EXPERIMENTAL ANIMAL MODELS for diseases (DISEASE MODELS, ANIMAL) and to clarify the functions of the genes.Environmental Illness: A polysymptomatic condition believed by clinical ecologists to result from immune dysregulation induced by common foods, allergens, and chemicals, resulting in various physical and mental disorders. The medical community has remained largely skeptical of the existence of this "disease", given the plethora of symptoms attributed to environmental illness, the lack of reproducible laboratory abnormalities, and the use of unproven therapies to treat the condition. (From Segen, Dictionary of Modern Medicine, 1992)Dose-Response Relationship, Immunologic: A specific immune response elicited by a specific dose of an immunologically active substance or cell in an organism, tissue, or cell.Basophils: Granular leukocytes characterized by a relatively pale-staining, lobate nucleus and cytoplasm containing coarse dark-staining granules of variable size and stainable by basic dyes.Saccharopolyspora: A genus of gram-positive bacteria whose spores are round to oval and covered by a sheath.Antigens, Fungal: Substances of fungal origin that have antigenic activity.Farmer's Lung: A form of alveolitis or pneumonitis due to an acquired hypersensitivity to inhaled antigens associated with farm environment. Antigens in the farm dust are commonly from bacteria actinomycetes (SACCHAROPOLYSPORA and THERMOACTINOMYCES), fungi, and animal proteins in the soil, straw, crops, pelts, serum, and excreta.Insect Bites and Stings: Bites and stings inflicted by insects.Rats, Sprague-Dawley: A strain of albino rat used widely for experimental purposes because of its calmness and ease of handling. It was developed by the Sprague-Dawley Animal Company.Ultraviolet Rays: That portion of the electromagnetic spectrum immediately below the visible range and extending into the x-ray frequencies. The longer wavelengths (near-UV or biotic or vital rays) are necessary for the endogenous synthesis of vitamin D and are also called antirachitic rays; the shorter, ionizing wavelengths (far-UV or abiotic or extravital rays) are viricidal, bactericidal, mutagenic, and carcinogenic and are used as disinfectants.Injections, Intradermal: The forcing into the skin of liquid medication, nutrient, or other fluid through a hollow needle, piercing the top skin layer.Nociceptors: Peripheral AFFERENT NEURONS which are sensitive to injuries or pain, usually caused by extreme thermal exposures, mechanical forces, or other noxious stimuli. Their cell bodies reside in the DORSAL ROOT GANGLIA. Their peripheral terminals (NERVE ENDINGS) innervate target tissues and transduce noxious stimuli via axons to the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM.Mast Cells: Granulated cells that are found in almost all tissues, most abundantly in the skin and the gastrointestinal tract. Like the BASOPHILS, mast cells contain large amounts of HISTAMINE and HEPARIN. Unlike basophils, mast cells normally remain in the tissues and do not circulate in the blood. Mast cells, derived from the bone marrow stem cells, are regulated by the STEM CELL FACTOR.Time Factors: Elements of limited time intervals, contributing to particular results or situations.Lymph Nodes: They are oval or bean shaped bodies (1 - 30 mm in diameter) located along the lymphatic system.Peripheral Nerve Injuries: Injuries to the PERIPHERAL NERVES.Mice, Inbred Strains: Genetically identical individuals developed from brother and sister matings which have been carried out for twenty or more generations, or by parent x offspring matings carried out with certain restrictions. All animals within an inbred strain trace back to a common ancestor in the twentieth generation.Urocanic Acid: 4-Imidazoleacrylic acid.Streptodornase and Streptokinase: A mixture of the enzymes (streptokinase and streptodornase) produced by hemolytic streptococci. It is used topically on surface lesions and by instillation in closed body cavities to remove clotted blood or fibrinous or purulent accumulations. It is also used as a skin test antigen in evaluating generalized cell-mediated immunodeficiency. (Dorland, 27th ed) EC 3.-.Mice, Inbred C3HAdjuvants, Immunologic: Substances that augment, stimulate, activate, potentiate, or modulate the immune response at either the cellular or humoral level. The classical agents (Freund's adjuvant, BCG, Corynebacterium parvum, et al.) contain bacterial antigens. Some are endogenous (e.g., histamine, interferon, transfer factor, tuftsin, interleukin-1). Their mode of action is either non-specific, resulting in increased immune responsiveness to a wide variety of antigens, or antigen-specific, i.e., affecting a restricted type of immune response to a narrow group of antigens. The therapeutic efficacy of many biological response modifiers is related to their antigen-specific immunoadjuvanticity.Irritants: Drugs that act locally on cutaneous or mucosal surfaces to produce inflammation; those that cause redness due to hyperemia are rubefacients; those that raise blisters are vesicants and those that penetrate sebaceous glands and cause abscesses are pustulants; tear gases and mustard gases are also irritants.Ear: The hearing and equilibrium system of the body. It consists of three parts: the EXTERNAL EAR, the MIDDLE EAR, and the INNER EAR. Sound waves are transmitted through this organ where vibration is transduced to nerve signals that pass through the ACOUSTIC NERVE to the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM. The inner ear also contains the vestibular organ that maintains equilibrium by transducing signals to the VESTIBULAR NERVE.Trinitrobenzenesulfonic Acid: A reagent that is used to neutralize peptide terminal amino groups.Viscera: Any of the large interior organs in any one of the three great cavities of the body, especially in the abdomen.Spinal Cord: A cylindrical column of tissue that lies within the vertebral canal. It is composed of WHITE MATTER and GRAY MATTER.Exanthema: Diseases in which skin eruptions or rashes are a prominent manifestation. Classically, six such diseases were described with similar rashes; they were numbered in the order in which they were reported. Only the fourth (Duke's disease), fifth (ERYTHEMA INFECTIOSUM), and sixth (EXANTHEMA SUBITUM) numeric designations survive as occasional synonyms in current terminology.Mice, Inbred CBADesensitization, Immunologic: Immunosuppression by the administration of increasing doses of antigen. Though the exact mechanism is not clear, the therapy results in an increase in serum levels of allergen-specific IMMUNOGLOBULIN G, suppression of specific IgE, and an increase in suppressor T-cell activity.Immunosuppression: Deliberate prevention or diminution of the host's immune response. It may be nonspecific as in the administration of immunosuppressive agents (drugs or radiation) or by lymphocyte depletion or may be specific as in desensitization or the simultaneous administration of antigen and immunosuppressive drugs.Ear, External: The outer part of the hearing system of the body. It includes the shell-like EAR AURICLE which collects sound, and the EXTERNAL EAR CANAL, the TYMPANIC MEMBRANE, and the EXTERNAL EAR CARTILAGES.Toothpastes: Dentifrices that are formulated into a paste form. They typically contain abrasives, HUMECTANTS; DETERGENTS; FLAVORING AGENTS; and CARIOSTATIC AGENTS.Antigens, Bacterial: Substances elaborated by bacteria that have antigenic activity.Carbamazepine: An anticonvulsant used to control grand mal and psychomotor or focal seizures. Its mode of action is not fully understood, but some of its actions resemble those of PHENYTOIN; although there is little chemical resemblance between the two compounds, their three-dimensional structure is similar.Urticaria: A vascular reaction of the skin characterized by erythema and wheal formation due to localized increase of vascular permeability. The causative mechanism may be allergy, infection, or stress.Mycobacterium bovis: The bovine variety of the tubercle bacillus. It is called also Mycobacterium tuberculosis var. bovis.Cytokines: Non-antibody proteins secreted by inflammatory leukocytes and some non-leukocytic cells, that act as intercellular mediators. They differ from classical hormones in that they are produced by a number of tissue or cell types rather than by specialized glands. They generally act locally in a paracrine or autocrine rather than endocrine manner.Immunity: Nonsusceptibility to the invasive or pathogenic effects of foreign microorganisms or to the toxic effect of antigenic substances.Injections, Spinal: Introduction of therapeutic agents into the spinal region using a needle and syringe.Milk Hypersensitivity: Allergic reaction to milk (usually cow's milk) or milk products. MILK HYPERSENSITIVITY should be differentiated from LACTOSE INTOLERANCE, an intolerance to milk as a result of congenital deficiency of lactase.Analgesics: Compounds capable of relieving pain without the loss of CONSCIOUSNESS.Stevens-Johnson Syndrome: Rare cutaneous eruption characterized by extensive KERATINOCYTE apoptosis resulting in skin detachment with mucosal involvement. It is often provoked by the use of drugs (e.g., antibiotics and anticonvulsants) or associated with PNEUMONIA, MYCOPLASMA. It is considered a continuum of Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis.Sensory Receptor Cells: Specialized afferent neurons capable of transducing sensory stimuli into NERVE IMPULSES to be transmitted to the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM. Sometimes sensory receptors for external stimuli are called exteroceptors; for internal stimuli are called interoceptors and proprioceptors.Dideoxynucleosides: Nucleosides that have two hydroxy groups removed from the sugar moiety. The majority of these compounds have broad-spectrum antiretroviral activity due to their action as antimetabolites. The nucleosides are phosphorylated intracellularly to their 5'-triphosphates and act as chain-terminating inhibitors of viral reverse transcription.Diphenhydramine: A histamine H1 antagonist used as an antiemetic, antitussive, for dermatoses and pruritus, for hypersensitivity reactions, as a hypnotic, an antiparkinson, and as an ingredient in common cold preparations. It has some undesired antimuscarinic and sedative effects.Fanconi Anemia: Congenital disorder affecting all bone marrow elements, resulting in ANEMIA; LEUKOPENIA; and THROMBOPENIA, and associated with cardiac, renal, and limb malformations as well as dermal pigmentary changes. Spontaneous CHROMOSOME BREAKAGE is a feature of this disease along with predisposition to LEUKEMIA. There are at least 7 complementation groups in Fanconi anemia: FANCA, FANCB, FANCC, FANCD1, FANCD2, FANCE, FANCF, FANCG, and FANCL. (from Online Mendelian Inheritance in Man, http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/entrez/dispomim.cgi?id=227650, August 20, 2004)Inflammation: A pathological process characterized by injury or destruction of tissues caused by a variety of cytologic and chemical reactions. It is usually manifested by typical signs of pain, heat, redness, swelling, and loss of function.Mutation: Any detectable and heritable change in the genetic material that causes a change in the GENOTYPE and which is transmitted to daughter cells and to succeeding generations.Ganglia, Spinal: Sensory ganglia located on the dorsal spinal roots within the vertebral column. The spinal ganglion cells are pseudounipolar. The single primary branch bifurcates sending a peripheral process to carry sensory information from the periphery and a central branch which relays that information to the spinal cord or brain.Hyperesthesia: Increased sensitivity to cutaneous stimulation due to a diminished threshold or an increased response to stimuli.Granuloma: A relatively small nodular inflammatory lesion containing grouped mononuclear phagocytes, caused by infectious and noninfectious agents.Anterior Chamber: The space in the eye, filled with aqueous humor, bounded anteriorly by the cornea and a small portion of the sclera and posteriorly by a small portion of the ciliary body, the iris, and that part of the crystalline lens which presents through the pupil. (Cline et al., Dictionary of Visual Science, 4th ed, p109)Sulfamethoxazole: A bacteriostatic antibacterial agent that interferes with folic acid synthesis in susceptible bacteria. Its broad spectrum of activity has been limited by the development of resistance. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p208)Immunoglobulin G: The major immunoglobulin isotype class in normal human serum. There are several isotype subclasses of IgG, for example, IgG1, IgG2A, and IgG2B.Posterior Horn Cells: Neurons in the SPINAL CORD DORSAL HORN whose cell bodies and processes are confined entirely to the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM. They receive collateral or direct terminations of dorsal root fibers. They send their axons either directly to ANTERIOR HORN CELLS or to the WHITE MATTER ascending and descending longitudinal fibers.Interferon-gamma: The major interferon produced by mitogenically or antigenically stimulated LYMPHOCYTES. It is structurally different from TYPE I INTERFERON and its major activity is immunoregulation. It has been implicated in the expression of CLASS II HISTOCOMPATIBILITY ANTIGENS in cells that do not normally produce them, leading to AUTOIMMUNE DISEASES.Tuberculin Test: One of several skin tests to determine past or present tuberculosis infection. A purified protein derivative of the tubercle bacilli, called tuberculin, is introduced into the skin by scratch, puncture, or interdermal injection.Drug Hypersensitivity Syndrome: Severe drug eruption characterized by high fever, erythematous rash and inflammation of internal organ(s).Macrophages: The relatively long-lived phagocytic cell of mammalian tissues that are derived from blood MONOCYTES. Main types are PERITONEAL MACROPHAGES; ALVEOLAR MACROPHAGES; HISTIOCYTES; KUPFFER CELLS of the liver; and OSTEOCLASTS. They may further differentiate within chronic inflammatory lesions to EPITHELIOID CELLS or may fuse to form FOREIGN BODY GIANT CELLS or LANGHANS GIANT CELLS. (from The Dictionary of Cell Biology, Lackie and Dow, 3rd ed.)Thioxanthenes: Compounds with three aromatic rings in linear arrangement with a SULFUR in the center ring.Edema: Abnormal fluid accumulation in TISSUES or body cavities. Most cases of edema are present under the SKIN in SUBCUTANEOUS TISSUE.T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory: CD4-positive T cells that inhibit immunopathology or autoimmune disease in vivo. They inhibit the immune response by influencing the activity of other cell types. Regulatory T-cells include naturally occurring CD4+CD25+ cells, IL-10 secreting Tr1 cells, and Th3 cells.Cells, Cultured: Cells propagated in vitro in special media conducive to their growth. Cultured cells are used to study developmental, morphologic, metabolic, physiologic, and genetic processes, among others.Dose-Response Relationship, Drug: The relationship between the dose of an administered drug and the response of the organism to the drug.Tooth Wear: Loss of the tooth substance by chemical or mechanical processesMolecular Sequence Data: Descriptions of specific amino acid, carbohydrate, or nucleotide sequences which have appeared in the published literature and/or are deposited in and maintained by databanks such as GENBANK, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), National Biomedical Research Foundation (NBRF), or other sequence repositories.Colon: The segment of LARGE INTESTINE between the CECUM and the RECTUM. It includes the ASCENDING COLON; the TRANSVERSE COLON; the DESCENDING COLON; and the SIGMOID COLON.Behavior, Animal: The observable response an animal makes to any situation.Precipitins: Antibodies which elicit IMMUNOPRECIPITATION when combined with antigen.Touch: Sensation of making physical contact with objects, animate or inanimate. Tactile stimuli are detected by MECHANORECEPTORS in the skin and mucous membranes.Ascitic Fluid: The serous fluid of ASCITES, the accumulation of fluids in the PERITONEAL CAVITY.NitrobenzenesHemocyaninTh2 Cells: Subset of helper-inducer T-lymphocytes which synthesize and secrete the interleukins IL-4, IL-5, IL-6, and IL-10. These cytokines influence B-cell development and antibody production as well as augmenting humoral responses.Rectum: The distal segment of the LARGE INTESTINE, between the SIGMOID COLON and the ANAL CANAL.Cross Reactions: Serological reactions in which an antiserum against one antigen reacts with a non-identical but closely related antigen.TRPV Cation Channels: A subgroup of TRP cation channels named after vanilloid receptor. They are very sensitive to TEMPERATURE and hot spicy food and CAPSAICIN. They have the TRP domain and ANKYRIN repeats. Selectivity for CALCIUM over SODIUM ranges from 3 to 100 fold.Antibodies: Immunoglobulin molecules having a specific amino acid sequence by virtue of which they interact only with the ANTIGEN (or a very similar shape) that induced their synthesis in cells of the lymphoid series (especially PLASMA CELLS).Cyclohexanecarboxylic AcidsPhenotype: The outward appearance of the individual. It is the product of interactions between genes, and between the GENOTYPE and the environment.Fanconi Anemia Complementation Group Proteins: A diverse group of proteins whose genetic MUTATIONS have been associated with the chromosomal instability syndrome FANCONI ANEMIA. Many of these proteins play important roles in protecting CELLS against OXIDATIVE STRESS.DNA Damage: Injuries to DNA that introduce deviations from its normal, intact structure and which may, if left unrepaired, result in a MUTATION or a block of DNA REPLICATION. These deviations may be caused by physical or chemical agents and occur by natural or unnatural, introduced circumstances. They include the introduction of illegitimate bases during replication or by deamination or other modification of bases; the loss of a base from the DNA backbone leaving an abasic site; single-strand breaks; double strand breaks; and intrastrand (PYRIMIDINE DIMERS) or interstrand crosslinking. Damage can often be repaired (DNA REPAIR). If the damage is extensive, it can induce APOPTOSIS.Hot Temperature: Presence of warmth or heat or a temperature notably higher than an accustomed norm.Dermatitis, Occupational: A recurrent contact dermatitis caused by substances found in the work place.Mycobacterium lepraemurium: The etiologic agent of rat leprosy, also known as murine leprosy.Thermosensing: The sensation of cold, heat, coolness, and warmth as detected by THERMORECEPTORS.DNA Repair: The reconstruction of a continuous two-stranded DNA molecule without mismatch from a molecule which contained damaged regions. The major repair mechanisms are excision repair, in which defective regions in one strand are excised and resynthesized using the complementary base pairing information in the intact strand; photoreactivation repair, in which the lethal and mutagenic effects of ultraviolet light are eliminated; and post-replication repair, in which the primary lesions are not repaired, but the gaps in one daughter duplex are filled in by incorporation of portions of the other (undamaged) daughter duplex. Excision repair and post-replication repair are sometimes referred to as "dark repair" because they do not require light.Serum Albumin, Bovine: Serum albumin from cows, commonly used in in vitro biological studies. (From Stedman, 25th ed)Egg Hypersensitivity: Allergic reaction to eggs that is triggered by the immune system.Immunity, Maternally-Acquired: Resistance to a disease-causing agent induced by the introduction of maternal immunity into the fetus by transplacental transfer or into the neonate through colostrum and milk.Dentifrices: Any preparations used for cleansing teeth; they usually contain an abrasive, detergent, binder and flavoring agent and may exist in the form of liquid, paste or powder; may also contain medicaments and caries preventives.Leukocytes: White blood cells. These include granular leukocytes (BASOPHILS; EOSINOPHILS; and NEUTROPHILS) as well as non-granular leukocytes (LYMPHOCYTES and MONOCYTES).Dermatitis: Any inflammation of the skin.Dapsone: A sulfone active against a wide range of bacteria but mainly employed for its actions against MYCOBACTERIUM LEPRAE. Its mechanism of action is probably similar to that of the SULFONAMIDES which involves inhibition of folic acid synthesis in susceptible organisms. It is also used with PYRIMETHAMINE in the treatment of malaria. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p157-8)Leukocyte Count: The number of WHITE BLOOD CELLS per unit volume in venous BLOOD. A differential leukocyte count measures the relative numbers of the different types of white cells.Carrageenan: A water-soluble extractive mixture of sulfated polysaccharides from RED ALGAE. Chief sources are the Irish moss CHONDRUS CRISPUS (Carrageen), and Gigartina stellata. It is used as a stabilizer, for suspending COCOA in chocolate manufacture, and to clarify BEVERAGES.Macrophage Migration-Inhibitory Factors: Proteins released by sensitized LYMPHOCYTES and possibly other cells that inhibit the migration of MACROPHAGES away from the release site. The structure and chemical properties may vary with the species and type of releasing cell.Reflex, Abdominal: Contractions of the abdominal muscles upon stimulation of the skin (superficial abdominal reflex) or tapping neighboring bony structures (deep abdominal reflex). The superficial reflex may be weak or absent, for example, after a stroke, a sign of upper (suprasegmental) motor neuron lesions. (Stedman, 25th ed & Best & Taylor's Physiological Basis of Medical Practice, 12th ed, p1073)Th1 Cells: Subset of helper-inducer T-lymphocytes which synthesize and secrete interleukin-2, gamma-interferon, and interleukin-12. Due to their ability to kill antigen-presenting cells and their lymphokine-mediated effector activity, Th1 cells are associated with vigorous delayed-type hypersensitivity reactions.Peanut Hypersensitivity: Allergic reaction to peanuts that is triggered by the immune system.Dilatation: The act of dilating.Adoptive Transfer: Form of passive immunization where previously sensitized immunologic agents (cells or serum) are transferred to non-immune recipients. When transfer of cells is used as a therapy for the treatment of neoplasms, it is called adoptive immunotherapy (IMMUNOTHERAPY, ADOPTIVE).Administration, Cutaneous: The application of suitable drug dosage forms to the skin for either local or systemic effects.Cyclophosphamide: Precursor of an alkylating nitrogen mustard antineoplastic and immunosuppressive agent that must be activated in the LIVER to form the active aldophosphamide. It has been used in the treatment of LYMPHOMA and LEUKEMIA. Its side effect, ALOPECIA, has been used for defleecing sheep. Cyclophosphamide may also cause sterility, birth defects, mutations, and cancer.Fanconi Anemia Complementation Group C Protein: A Fanconi anemia complementation group protein that regulates the activities of CYTOCHROME P450 REDUCTASE and GLUTATHIONE S-TRANSFERASE. It is found predominately in the CYTOPLASM, but moves to the CELL NUCLEUS in response to FANCE PROTEIN.Interleukin-4: A soluble factor produced by activated T-LYMPHOCYTES that induces the expression of MHC CLASS II GENES and FC RECEPTORS on B-LYMPHOCYTES and causes their proliferation and differentiation. It also acts on T-lymphocytes, MAST CELLS, and several other hematopoietic lineage cells.Sciatic Nerve: A nerve which originates in the lumbar and sacral spinal cord (L4 to S3) and supplies motor and sensory innervation to the lower extremity. The sciatic nerve, which is the main continuation of the sacral plexus, is the largest nerve in the body. It has two major branches, the TIBIAL NERVE and the PERONEAL NERVE.Mustard Plant: Any of several BRASSICA species that are commonly called mustard. Brassica alba is white mustard, B. juncea is brown or Chinese mustard, and B. nigra is black, brown, or red mustard. The plant is grown both for mustard seed from which oil is extracted or used as SPICES, and for its greens used as VEGETABLES or ANIMAL FEED. There is no relationship to MUSTARD COMPOUNDS.Lung: Either of the pair of organs occupying the cavity of the thorax that effect the aeration of the blood.Anti-Allergic Agents: Agents that are used to treat allergic reactions. Most of these drugs act by preventing the release of inflammatory mediators or inhibiting the actions of released mediators on their target cells. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p475)gamma-Globulins: Serum globulins that migrate to the gamma region (most positively charged) upon ELECTROPHORESIS. At one time, gamma-globulins came to be used as a synonym for immunoglobulins since most immunoglobulins are gamma globulins and conversely most gamma globulins are immunoglobulins. But since some immunoglobulins exhibit an alpha or beta electrophoretic mobility, that usage is in decline.Industrial Oils: Oils which are used in industrial or commercial applications.Transient Receptor Potential Channels: A broad group of eukaryotic six-transmembrane cation channels that are classified by sequence homology because their functional involvement with SENSATION is varied. They have only weak voltage sensitivity and ion selectivity. They are named after a DROSOPHILA mutant that displayed transient receptor potentials in response to light. A 25-amino-acid motif containing a TRP box (EWKFAR) just C-terminal to S6 is found in TRPC, TRPV and TRPM subgroups. ANKYRIN repeats are found in TRPC, TRPV & TRPN subgroups. Some are functionally associated with TYROSINE KINASE or TYPE C PHOSPHOLIPASES.Capsaicin: An alkylamide found in CAPSICUM that acts at TRPV CATION CHANNELS.Antibodies, Fungal: Immunoglobulins produced in a response to FUNGAL ANTIGENS.Immunity, Active: Resistance to a disease agent resulting from the production of specific antibodies by the host, either after exposure to the disease or after vaccination.Granuloma, Respiratory Tract: Granulomatous disorders affecting one or more sites in the respiratory tract.Foot: The distal extremity of the leg in vertebrates, consisting of the tarsus (ANKLE); METATARSUS; phalanges; and the soft tissues surrounding these bones.Colonic Diseases, Functional: Chronic or recurrent colonic disorders without an identifiable structural or biochemical explanation. The widely recognized IRRITABLE BOWEL SYNDROME falls into this category.Pain Perception: The process by which PAIN is recognized and interpreted by the brain.Skin Manifestations: Dermatologic disorders attendant upon non-dermatologic disease or injury.Base Sequence: The sequence of PURINES and PYRIMIDINES in nucleic acids and polynucleotides. It is also called nucleotide sequence.Histamine H1 Antagonists: Drugs that selectively bind to but do not activate histamine H1 receptors, thereby blocking the actions of endogenous histamine. Included here are the classical antihistaminics that antagonize or prevent the action of histamine mainly in immediate hypersensitivity. They act in the bronchi, capillaries, and some other smooth muscles, and are used to prevent or allay motion sickness, seasonal rhinitis, and allergic dermatitis and to induce somnolence. The effects of blocking central nervous system H1 receptors are not as well understood.Cryptococcus: A mitosporic Tremellales fungal genus whose species usually have a capsule and do not form pseudomycellium. Teleomorphs include Filobasidiella and Fidobasidium.Conjunctivitis, Allergic: Conjunctivitis due to hypersensitivity to various allergens.Dermatitis, Irritant: A non-allergic contact dermatitis caused by prolonged exposure to irritants and not explained by delayed hypersensitivity mechanisms.Mitomycin: An antineoplastic antibiotic produced by Streptomyces caespitosus. It is one of the bi- or tri-functional ALKYLATING AGENTS causing cross-linking of DNA and inhibition of DNA synthesis.Peripheral Nervous System Diseases: Diseases of the peripheral nerves external to the brain and spinal cord, which includes diseases of the nerve roots, ganglia, plexi, autonomic nerves, sensory nerves, and motor nerves.Antigen-Antibody Reactions: The processes triggered by interactions of ANTIBODIES with their ANTIGENS.Eosinophilia: Abnormal increase of EOSINOPHILS in the blood, tissues or organs.HLA-B Antigens: Class I human histocompatibility (HLA) surface antigens encoded by more than 30 detectable alleles on locus B of the HLA complex, the most polymorphic of all the HLA specificities. Several of these antigens (e.g., HLA-B27, -B7, -B8) are strongly associated with predisposition to rheumatoid and other autoimmune disorders. Like other class I HLA determinants, they are involved in the cellular immune reactivity of cytolytic T lymphocytes.Trinitrobenzenes: Benzene derivatives which are substituted with three nitro groups in any position.Sciatic Neuropathy: Disease or damage involving the SCIATIC NERVE, which divides into the PERONEAL NERVE and TIBIAL NERVE (see also PERONEAL NEUROPATHIES and TIBIAL NEUROPATHY). Clinical manifestations may include SCIATICA or pain localized to the hip, PARESIS or PARALYSIS of posterior thigh muscles and muscles innervated by the peroneal and tibial nerves, and sensory loss involving the lateral and posterior thigh, posterior and lateral leg, and sole of the foot. The sciatic nerve may be affected by trauma; ISCHEMIA; COLLAGEN DISEASES; and other conditions. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p1363)Nut Hypersensitivity: Allergic reaction to tree nuts that is triggered by the immune system.Signal Transduction: The intracellular transfer of information (biological activation/inhibition) through a signal pathway. In each signal transduction system, an activation/inhibition signal from a biologically active molecule (hormone, neurotransmitter) is mediated via the coupling of a receptor/enzyme to a second messenger system or to an ion channel. Signal transduction plays an important role in activating cellular functions, cell differentiation, and cell proliferation. Examples of signal transduction systems are the GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID-postsynaptic receptor-calcium ion channel system, the receptor-mediated T-cell activation pathway, and the receptor-mediated activation of phospholipases. Those coupled to membrane depolarization or intracellular release of calcium include the receptor-mediated activation of cytotoxic functions in granulocytes and the synaptic potentiation of protein kinase activation. Some signal transduction pathways may be part of larger signal transduction pathways; for example, protein kinase activation is part of the platelet activation signal pathway.Multiple Chemical Sensitivity: An acquired disorder characterized by recurrent symptoms, referable to multiple organ systems, occurring in response to demonstrable exposure to many chemically unrelated compounds at doses below those established in the general population to cause harmful effects. (Cullen MR. The worker with multiple chemical sensitivities: an overview. Occup Med 1987;2(4):655-61)Dental Occlusion, Traumatic: An occlusion resulting in overstrain and injury to teeth, periodontal tissue, or other oral structures.Interleukin-10: A cytokine produced by a variety of cell types, including T-LYMPHOCYTES; MONOCYTES; DENDRITIC CELLS; and EPITHELIAL CELLS that exerts a variety of effects on immunoregulation and INFLAMMATION. Interleukin-10 combines with itself to form a homodimeric molecule that is the biologically active form of the protein.Isocyanates: Organic compounds that contain the -NCO radical.Administration, Topical: The application of drug preparations to the surfaces of the body, especially the skin (ADMINISTRATION, CUTANEOUS) or mucous membranes. This method of treatment is used to avoid systemic side effects when high doses are required at a localized area or as an alternative systemic administration route, to avoid hepatic processing for example.
Allergic inflammation"Hypersensitivity Reactions, Delayed". eMedicine. Rothenberg ME; Rothenberg, Marc E. (1998). "Eosinophilia". N. Engl. J. Med. ... Allergic reactions may generally be divided into two components; the early phase reaction, and the late phase reaction. While ... should not be confused with delayed hypersensitivity Type IV allergic reaction (which takes 48-72 hours to develop and is ... The reaction is caused by the release of histamine and mast cell granule proteins by a process called degranulation, as well as ...
... nonspecific hypersensitivity reactions; infectious diseases; and odor and taste sensations. Exposure to poor lighting ...
... and hypersensitivity reactions. When used in large doses, they may cause a strong allergic reaction. Two of the most serious ... The first is the N1 heterocyclic ring, which causes a type I hypersensitivity reaction. The second is the N4 amino nitrogen ... Of note is the observation that patients with HIV have a much higher prevalence, at about 60%. Hypersensitivity reactions are ... The most common manifestations of a hypersensitivity reaction to sulfa drugs are rash and hives. However, there are several ...
Hypersensitivity reactions occur in some patients. This reaction may be more frequent in patients receiving multiple-drug ... Joseph MS (1985). "Hypersensitivity reaction to dapsone. Four case reports". Lepr Rev. 56 (4): 315-20. PMID 4079634. Jamrozik K ... Richardus JH, Smith TC (1989). "Increased incidence in leprosy of hypersensitivity reactions to dapsone after introduction of ... The dapsone hypersensitivity syndrome develops in 0.5-3.6% of persons treated with the drug, and is associated with a mortality ...
January 2005). "Hypersensitivity reactions to fluoroquinolones". Current Allergy and Asthma Reports. 5 (1): 15-21. doi:10.1007/ ... While typical drug side effects reactions are mild to moderate; sometimes serious adverse effects occur. As of 2016, the U.S. ... March 2005). "Neuropsychiatric reactions to drugs: an analysis of spontaneous reports from general practitioners in Italy". ... Quinolones should also not be given to people with a known hypersensitivity to the drug class. The basic pharmacophore, or ...
editor, Mariana C. Castells, (2010). Anaphylaxis and hypersensitivity reactions. New York: Humana Press. p. 223. ISBN 978-1- ... Previous systemic reactions, which are anything more than a local reaction around the site of the sting, are a risk factor for ... Pseudoanaphylaxis or anaphylactoid reactions are a type of anaphylaxis that does not involve an allergic reaction but is due to ... If someone has a reaction to penicillins, his or her risk of a reaction to cephalosporins is greater but still less than one in ...
Penicillin desensitization editor, Mariana C. Castells, (2011). Anaphylaxis and hypersensitivity reactions. New York: Humana ... This is one way to help the body get used to the full dose, and to avoid having the allergic reaction to beef-origin insulin. A ... For example, if a person with diabetes mellitus has a bad allergic reaction to taking a full dose of beef insulin, the person ... In medicine, desensitization is a method to reduce or eliminate an organism's negative reaction to a substance or stimulus. In ...
It is relatively toxic to humans, and many people have allergic reactions to it. See: Hypersensitivity. Physicians sometimes ... Heidary, Noushin; Cohen, David E. (2005). "Hypersensitivity reactions to vaccine components". Dermatitis. 16 (3): 115-20. doi: ... It is a basic compound that is most active with an alkaline reaction. It is also a thermostable compound that is soluble in ...
Some people have hypersensitivity reactions. It was approved in Europe in 2013 and in the US in 2014. Defibrotide is used to ... There is a strong risk of hemorrhage and some people have had hypersensitivity reactions to defibrotide. Common adverse effects ...
Rashes and itching were uncommon in studies (between 0.1 and 1% of people); serious hypersensitivity reactions are rare. ... Serious adverse drug reactions associated with clopidogrel therapy include: Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (incidence: ...
Winkelmann RK, Harris RB (1979). "Lichenoid delayed hypersensitivity reactions in tattoos". J Cutan Pathol. 6 (1): 59-65. doi: ... Allergic reactions to tattoo pigments, while uncommon, are most often seen with red, yellow, and occasionally white. Reactions ... some allergic reactions have been medically documented. No estimate of the overall incidence of allergic reactions to tattoo ... Such reactions are quite rare, however, and some artists will recommend performing a test patch. Because the mercury and Azo- ...
Hypersensitivity reactions have also been described. Under open treatment, little substance reaches the circulation, and the ... This reaction is however not clinically significant. Haberfeld, H, ed. (2017). Austria-Codex (in German). Vienna: ... Side effects are rare and include typical corticoid reactions such as skin atrophy, telangiectasias, stretch marks, and steroid ... Under occlusive therapy, cortisol levels can be decreased because of a feedback reaction via the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal ...
Hypersensitivity reactions to cephalosporins occur rarely. The product does not contain an antimicrobial preservative. To ... Use of the product may result in localised tissue reaction. Tissue lesions are repaired by 15 days after the last ...
"Hypersensitivity reactions to synthetic haemodialysis membranes". Nefrologia : publicacion oficial de la Sociedad Espanola ...
Immediate hypersensitivity). Delayed hypersensitivity reaction usually read after 18-24 hours. The test is positive in about 90 ... Precaution - Being a type I hypersensitivity reaction, anaphylactic reaction tray must be kept ready before carrying out the ... The Casoni test is an immediate hypersensitivity skin test used in the diagnosis of hydatid disease introduced by casoni. The ...
Hypersensitivity reactions are noted in some people. Like selenium sulfide, zinc pyrithione (a zinc complex with two chelating ...
Sublett, J. Wesley; Bernstein, Jonathan A. (2011). "Seminal Plasma Hypersensitivity Reactions: An Updated Review". Mount Sinai ... There is no one protein in semen responsible for the reaction. Symptoms can appear after first intercourse or after subsequent ... Bernstein, Jonathan A. (2011). "Human Seminal Plasma Hypersensitivity: An Under-Recognized Women's Health Issue". Postgraduate ...
KATZ, S. I.; PARKER, DARIEN; TURK, J. L. (11 October 1974). "B-cell suppression of delayed hypersensitivity reactions". Nature ... and it inhibits or suppresses inflammatory reactions mediated by T cells, especially Th1 type immune reactions. This was shown ... transplantation reactions and in anti-tumor immunity. In the 1970s it was noticed that Bregs could suppress immune reaction ... for example in model EAE, CIA or contact hypersensitivity. Likewise, regulatory B cell subsets have also been demonstrated to ...
Primary SU is believed to be a type I hypersensitivity (a mild to severe reaction to an antigen including anaphylaxis) in which ... The first is a hypersensitivity caused by a reaction to photoallergens located only in people with SU; while the second is ... Lugović, Mihić L; Bulat, V; Situm, M; Cavka, V; Krolo, I (October 2008). "Allergic hypersensitivity skin reactions following ... patients with SU have a reaction immediately while patients with lupus erythematosus will have a delayed reaction. Patients who ...
Such hypersensitivity reactions include, but are not limited to, unexplained rash with redness or blistered skin, difficulty ... Griebel, May L. (1998). "Acute Management of Hypersensitivity Reactions and Seizures". Epilepsia. 39: S17-21. doi:10.1111/j. ... Levetiracetam should not be used in people who have previously shown hypersensitivity to levetiracetam or any of the inactive ...
Some patients experience hypersensitivity or allergic reactions. In rare cases, it could turn into severe hypersensitive ... Those who are prone to having a systemic reaction to horse proteins or human blood products are not good candidates for use of ...
Allergic and hypersensitivity reactions are also rare. Acute eczema can be worsened by bamipine ointment. No clinically ...
Dermal hypersensitivity reactions develop in the host. Chronic infestations lead to thickening of the skin by overproduction of ... Irritation of the outer skin by the mite's mouthparts and saliva results in a complex form of cutaneous hypersensitivity and ... In contrast, Psorergates ovis feeding on sheep induces inflammatory and hypersensitive reactions in the epidermis, resulting in ...
Hypersensitivity vasculitis (allergic vasculitis). Usually due to a hypersensitivity reaction to a known drug. Drugs most ... It is considered a form of hypersensitivity vasculitis but is distinguished by prominent deposits of IgA. This is the most ... Presence of 3 or more criteria yielded sensitivity of 87% while less than 2 criteria yielded hypersensitivity vasculitis in 74 ...
"Incidence of intraoperative hypersensitivity reactions: a registry analysis". Anesthesiology. 122: 551-9. doi:10.1097/aln. ...
Even low-risk medications such as antibiotics can have potential to cause life-threatening anaphylactic reactions in a very few ... Electromagnetic hypersensitivity. *Heavy legs. *Leaky gut syndrome. *Multiple chemical sensitivity. *Wilson's temperature ...
Stevens-Johnson Syndrome (SJS) and Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis (TEN) - Dermatologic Disorders - MSD Manual Professional...Stevens-Johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis are severe cutaneous hypersensitivity reactions. Drugs, especially ... in some patients triggers a T-cell-mediated cytotoxic reaction to drug antigens in keratinocytes. CD8+ T cells have been ...
Steven Johnson Syndrome - Pictures, Symptoms, Causes and TreatmentErythema Multiforme is a hypersensitivity reaction, characterized by targetoid lesions, skin eruptions, with or without ... The symptoms of this disease vary in form and reaction from individual to individual. There are four major ways through which ... This disease occurs as a result of allergic reaction to immunologic stimuli such as drugs and infectious agents. Apart from ... Some of the non-contagious symptoms of this disease are: Skin reactions including burning, blistering, peeling, rashes. Fever ...
Multiple Chemical SensitivityAlthough chemical hypersensitivity was more common in women1 it is experienced by both men and women of a variety of ages2 and ... initiates a non-enzymatic reaction of lipid peroxidation resulting in the decomposition of PUFA to form a broad array of ... 12.6% of Americans have reported an unusual hypersensitivity. to common chemical products such as perfumes, fresh paint, ... Additionally, 31.1% of those sampled reported adverse reactions to fragranced products, and 17.6% experienced breathing ...
Serum and BAL macrophage migration inhibitory factor levels in HIV infected Tanzanians with pulmonary tuberculosis or other...Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) activates macrophages, promotes delayed-type hypersensitivity reaction, and ...
Efficacy and Safety Profile for XOLAIR (Omalizumab) in Chronic Idiopathic Urticaria (CIU)Discontinue XOLAIR in patients who experience a severe hypersensitivity reaction. Malignancy Malignant neoplasms were observed ... Injection Site Reactions In adults and adolescents, injection site reactions of any severity occurred at a rate of 45% in ... ADVERSE REACTIONS Indication-Specific Adverse Reactions Asthma: In patients ≥12 years of age, the most commonly observed ... Injection Site Reactions Injection site reactions of any severity occurred during the trials in more XOLAIR-treated patients ( ...
What antibiotics cause sjs - Health NewsBecause SJS is a skin disorder, what is the burn referral criteria? Induced hypersensitivity syndrome, or in any hospital or ... Patients treated with CsA had significantly shorter time to complete re, induced cutaneous reactions in Han Chinese. If you ... Recent advances in the understanding of severe cutaneous adverse reactions".. Eruptive melanocytic nevi, in either case, ...
Hypersensitivity drug reactions differ from drug toxicity reactions in that drug toxicity reactions result from the ... hypersensitivity reactions are idiosyncratic reactions to a drug. Although the term NSAID was introduced to signal a ... NSAID or nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug hypersensitivity reactions encompasses a broad range of allergic or allergic-like ... The classification organizes the hypersensitivity reactions to NSAIDs into the following five categories: 1) NSAIDs-exacerbated ...
Hypersensitivity reactions to systemic glucocorticoids... are rare, although the exact incidence is unknown. These reactions ... Hypersensitivity reactions to systemic glucocorticoids. Author. Rima Rachid, MD. Rima Rachid, MD ... Hypersensitivity reactions to corticosteroids. Clin Rev Allergy Immunol 2014; 47:26.. *Kamm GL, Hagmeyer KO. Allergic-type ... Caduff C, Reinhart WH, Hartmann K, Kuhn M. [Immediate hypersensitivity reactions to parenteral glucocorticoids? Analysis of 14 ...
Delayed Hypersensitivity Reactions: Background, Pathophysiology, Epidemiology... from an immediate hypersensitivity response, which generally appears within 12 minutes of an antigen challenge. ... Delayed hypersensitivity reactions are inflammatory reactions initiated by mononuclear leukocytes. The term delayed is used to ... Delayed hypersensitivity reactions are inflammatory reactions initiated by mononuclear leukocytes. The term delayed is used to ... They are also termed type IV hypersensitivity reactions.. Delayed hypersensitivity is a major mechanism of defense against ...
Hypersensitivity reaction to chemotherapy... : background - Chemotherapy is often used to treat various types of cancer. These ... Hypersensitivity reactions to chemotherapy, although rare, have been reported with most chemotherapy drugs. The reactions occur ... types of allergic reactions. Allergic reactions can be classified into four immunopathologic categories using various ... In some cases, the allergic reaction can be potentially life threatening. The most severe type of allergic reaction, known as ...
Pharmacy | Free Full-Text | Glycopeptide Hypersensitivity and Adverse Reactions... mediated allergic reaction. Although hypersensitivity to glycopeptides is rare, both immune-mediated and delayed reactions have ... We describe the various types of glycopeptide hypersensitivity reactions associated with glycopeptides and lipoglycopeptides, ... Lastly, vancomycin is often used as an alternative treatment for patients with β-lactam hypersensitivity. Common adverse ... including IgE-mediated reactions, RMS, and linear immunoglobulin A bullous dermatosis, as well as describe cross-reactivity ...
Hypersensitivity Reactions Associated with Platinum Antineoplastic Agents: A Systematic ReviewTypes of hypersensitivity reactions, their characteristics, and how they are implicated in platinum agent hypersensitivity. ... and the staff should be experienced in treating hypersensitivity reactions. When a reaction occurs, the infusion should be ... G. M. Shepherd, "Hypersensitivity reactions to chemotherapeutic drugs," Clinical Reviews in Allergy and Immunology, vol. 24, no ... Reactions are thought to be mainly caused by type I IgE-mediated or type IV T-cell-mediated hypersensitivity. Nevertheless, the ...
Antibody-mediated hypersensitivity reaction - definition of antibody-mediated hypersensitivity reaction by The Free Dictionaryantibody-mediated hypersensitivity reaction synonyms, antibody-mediated hypersensitivity reaction pronunciation, antibody- ... mediated hypersensitivity reaction translation, English dictionary definition of antibody-mediated hypersensitivity reaction. n ... Antibody-mediated hypersensitivity reaction - definition of antibody-mediated hypersensitivity reaction by The Free Dictionary ... aldol reaction - a reaction of aldehydes resulting in an aldol. chain reaction - a series of chemical reactions in which the ...
HLA-A*3101 and carbamazepine-induced hypersensitivity reactions in Europeans.... McCormack M., Alfirevic A., Bourgeois S., ... We replicated the associations in samples from 145 subjects with carbamazepine-induced hypersensitivity reactions.The HLA-A* ... Carbamazepine causes various forms of hypersensitivity reactions, ranging from maculopapular exanthema to severe blistering ... The presence of the HLA-A*3101 allele was associated with carbamazepine-induced hypersensitivity reactions among subjects of ...
Update on the evaluation of hypersensitivity reactions to betalactams - Blanca - 2009 - Allergy - Wiley Online LibraryUpdate on the evaluation of hypersensitivity reactions to betalactams. Authors. *. M. Blanca,. * Allergy Service, Carlos Haya ... Hypersensitivity reactions to betalactams (BLs) are classified as immediate or nonimmediate. The former usually appear within 1 ... Approach to the diagnosis of drug hypersensitivity reactions: similarities and differences between Europe and North America, ... Nonimmediate reactions are those occurring more than 1 h after drug-intake, and they can be T-cell mediated. The diagnostic ...
Nutraceuticals for Human Health and Hypersensitivity Reaction: Medicine & Healthcare Book Chapter | IGI GlobalNutraceuticals for Human Health and Hypersensitivity Reaction: 10.4018/978-1-5225-2970-5.ch015: An allergy is an overreaction ... produces allergic reactions, also known as immediate-type hypersensitivity reactions. As much as 20% of the general population ... "Nutraceuticals for Human Health and Hypersensitivity Reaction." Nutraceuticals and Innovative Food Products for Healthy Living ... "Nutraceuticals for Human Health and Hypersensitivity Reaction." In Nutraceuticals and Innovative Food Products for Healthy ...
The purpose of this review is to describe the hypersensitivity reactions to PPI.Recent findingsHypersensitivity reactions to ... The purpose of this review is to describe the hypersensitivity reactions to PPI.Recent findingsHypersensitivity reactions to ... Physicians should be aware of the possible hypersensitivity reactions due to PPI and routine/empirical prescription for PPI ... SummaryA high level of clinical suspicion is critical in the diagnosis of PPI-induced hypersensitivity reactions. ...
Basaglar: A Hypersensitivity Reaction | Clinical DiabetesThank you for your interest in spreading the word about Clinical Diabetes.. NOTE: We only request your email address so that the person you are recommending the page to knows that you wanted them to see it, and that it is not junk mail. We do not capture any email address.. ...
Management of Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Drug-Induced Hypersensitivity ReactionsNonallergic NSAID-Induced Hypersensitivity Reactions. Nonallergic NSAID reactions are allergy-like reactions that are not ... Hypersensitivity Reactions. Allergic NHRs are non-cross-reactive reactions, immunologically mediated based on immunoglobulin E ... reactions and single NSAID-induced delayed reactions (SNIDRs). These reactions differ based on timing (acute or delayed) and ... of all drug-related reactions, placing them second behind antibiotic-associated hypersensitivity reactions.1-4 ...
Search of: Recruiting, Not yet recruiting, Available Studies | Hypersensitivity reactions - Modify Search - ClinicalTrials.govSearch of: Recruiting, Not yet recruiting, Available Studies , Hypersensitivity reactions - Modify Search. Expert Search ...
... Shanker Kundumadam, ... "An Unusual Case of Recurrent Hypersensitivity Reaction Associated with Kounis-Like Acute Coronary Syndrome," Case Reports in ...
ICD-9 Code 713.6 -Arthropathy associated with hypersensitivity reaction- Codify by AAPCICD-9 code 713.6 for Arthropathy associated with hypersensitivity reaction is a medical classification as listed by WHO under ... Arthropathy associated with hypersensitivity reaction (713.6). ICD-9 code 713.6 for Arthropathy associated with ... hypersensitivity reaction is a medical classification as listed by WHO under the range -ARTHROPATHIES AND RELATED DISORDERS ( ...
increased susceptibility to type IV hypersensitivity reaction Mammalian Phenotype Term (MP:0005617)The Mammalian Phenotype (MP) Ontology is a community effort to provide standard terms for annotating phenotypic data. You can use this browser to view terms, definitions, and term relationships in a hierarchical display. Links to summary annotated phenotype data at MGI are provided in Term Detail reports.
Mechanisms for Glucocorticoid Inhibition of Immediate Hypersensitivity Reactions in RatsHomologous passive cutaneous anaphylaxis (PCA) mediated by IgE antibodies and cutaneous reactions caused by histamine, ... The inhibitory mechanisms of immediate hypersensitivity reactions by glucocorticoid (GC) were studied in rats. ... Mechanisms for Glucocorticoid Inhibition of Immediate Hypersensitivity Reactions in Rats Jpn J Pharmacol. 1992 May;59(1):77-87. ... The inhibitory mechanisms of immediate hypersensitivity reactions by glucocorticoid (GC) were studied in rats. Homologous ...
Improving drug safety by locating genetic markers for hypersensitivity reactions | The Medical Journal of AustraliaHypersensitivity reactions come in many guises. Most hypersensitivity reactions have skin manifestations, but this is not ... other reactions such as myalgia with eosinophilia, hepatitis and blood dyscrasias may be hypersensitivity reactions, raising ... Hypersensitivity reactions typically develop in only a small fraction of the exposed population, but most are sufficiently ... There has been at least one instance when an idiosyncratic hypersensitivity reaction resulted in a drug being sidelined for a ...
CytotoxicPruritusSyndromePatientsTypeClinicInfectiousTypes of hypersensitivity reactionsSystemicSevere hypersensitivity reactionsCell-mediatedIncidence of hypersensitivity reactionsSymptomsDiagnosisManagement of hypersensitivitySyndromeAbstractCases of hypersensitivityAbacavirContact hypersensitivityUrticariaCutaneous hypersensitivityCarbamazepine-induced hypersensitivity reactionsReported to cause hypersensitivityOccurAcuteExamples of type I hypersensitiviAutoimmuneClinicalLife-threatening hypersensitiviHistory of hypersensitivity reactionsVitroMechanismsNonsteroidal anti-DrugAntineoplastic AgentsImmune-mediatedCause hypersensitivity reactionsFatal hypersensitivity reactionsHistamineAntigenAntibodyChemotherapy agentsAntibodiesMechanismImmunolDrugsAssays2001
- however, one theory holds that altered drug metabolism (eg, failure to clear reactive metabolites) in some patients triggers a T-cell-mediated cytotoxic reaction to drug antigens in keratinocytes. (msdmanuals.com)
- Diphenhydramine hydrochloride, a histamine H1 antagonist used as an antiemetic, antitussive, for dermatoses and pruritus, for hypersensitivity reactions, as a hypnotic, an antiparkinson, and as an ingredient in common cold preparations. (medchemexpress.com)
- Stevens-Johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis are severe cutaneous hypersensitivity reactions. (msdmanuals.com)
- Induced hypersensitivity syndrome, or in any hospital or medical facility. (lomazy.eu)
- However it is considered that it is a specific type of allergic reaction to medications or infections. (askdrshah.com)
- This is the case of Master P.S (Patient Ref. No. L-6671), a 11 years old male child who was brought to the clinic for complaints of hypersensitivity of the eyes especially to brigh. (askdrshah.com)
- This disease occurs as a result of allergic reaction to immunologic stimuli such as drugs and infectious agents. (primehealthchannel.com)
- Once you have read this section you will be familiar with the 4 main types of hypersensitivity reactions that can be produced by the immune system. (immunopaedia.org.za)
- This topic will review the epidemiology, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, and management of hypersensitivity reactions to systemic glucocorticoids. (uptodate.com)
- Hypersensitivity reactions to systemic glucocorticoids are rare, although the exact incidence is unknown. (uptodate.com)
- These allergic reactions are systemic or localized, as in allergic dermatitis (e.g., hives, wheal and erythema reactions). (dentalcare.com)
- Tissue damage present in autoimmune diseases (e.g., systemic lupus erythematosus), and chronic infectious diseases (e.g., leprosy) can be attributed, in part, to immune complex reactions. (dentalcare.com)
- Serum sickness, serum sickness-like reactions (SSLR), and DRESS (drug rash with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms) fall into this category. (renalandurologynews.com)
- In addition, intradermal skin tests have a small risk for eliciting systemic allergic reactions (mostly mild and transient). (allergycases.org)
- The reaction may be either local or systemic. (immunopaedia.org.za)
- Lethal skin and systemic reactions are mostly commonly linked to non-steroidal anti-inflammatory (NSAID) drugs such as Motrin, Allopurinol, Phenytoin, Carbamazepine, barbiturates, anticonvulsants, and sulfa antibiotics. (searcymasstort.com)
- Major risk factors for hypersensitivity reactions include a previous reaction to an iron infusion, a fast iron infusion rate, multiple drug allergies, severe atopy, and possibly systemic inflammatory diseases. (elsevier.com)
- Seminal fluid hypersensitivity usually is characterized by postcoital vulvovaginal itching, swelling, redness, with or without systemic signs and symptoms. (ingentaconnect.com)
- Particularly, the invention is directed to in vitro assays for diagnosing systemic hypersensitivity reactions, and identifying agents causing these reactions. (patentsencyclopedia.com)
- The term cutaneous basophil hypersensitivity (CBH) initially referred to a systemic but evanescent pattern of delayed-onset reactivity in guinea pigs sensitized to protein antigens administered without mycobacterial adjuvants (Richerson et al . (springer.com)
- Hypersensitivity vasculitis may look like systemic, necrotizing vasculitis , which can affect blood vessels throughout the body and not just in the skin. (medlineplus.gov)
- hypersensitivity reaction is a systemic illness with systemic symptoms plus two of the following symptoms: rash, fever, nausea, vomiting or diarrhea . (thebody.com)
- We show here that a single systemic dose of R-848, a ligand for TLR7, potently enhanced hapten sensitization during the induction of contact hypersensitivity (CHS). (bloodjournal.org)
- 19 However, studies on the systemic effect of imidazoquinolines are rare and have so far not addressed effector functions of specific immune reactions, which would be the ultimate target of therapy with these compounds. (bloodjournal.org)
- Systemic reactions were infrequent and reported with higher incidence in the mepolizumab group compared to placebo. (gsk.com)
- The incidence of severe hypersensitivity reactions (grades 3 to 5) was 1:4,583, corresponding to 2 (95% CI, 2 to 3) cases per 10,000 operations. (asahq.org)
- The incidence of severe hypersensitivity reactions was similar to previous reports. (asahq.org)
- A delay in diagnosis of hypersensitivity can result in Ziagen being continued or re-introduced, leading to more severe hypersensitivity reactions, including life-threatening hypotension and death. (vidyya.com)
- Severe hypersensitivity reactions due to these drugs are rare and there is little published experience to guide their management. (msf.org)
- 5 of 7 patients with a remote history of hypersensitivity reactions became skin test-positive, and the authors concluded that such patients were at risk of developing more severe hypersensitivity reactions (Hesterberg PE, et al. (theoncologypharmacist.com)
- Eight to 12 dilution steps are usually required, with more dilution steps needed in patients who present with severe hypersensitivity reactions. (theoncologypharmacist.com)
- Nonimmediate reactions are those occurring more than 1 h after drug-intake, and they can be T-cell mediated. (wiley.com)
- Carbamazepine (CBZ) causes life-threating T-cell-mediated hypersensitivity reactions, including serious cutaneous adverse reactions (SCARs) and drug-induced liver injury (CBZ-DILI). (diva-portal.org)
- Cell-mediated reactions are initiated by T-lymphocytes and mediated by effector T-cells and macrophages. (dentalcare.com)
- What immune system hypersensitivities are antibody mediated, what are cell-mediated? (brainscape.com)
- Another form of type 2 hypersensitivity is called Antibody Dependent Cell Mediated Cytotoxicity (ADCC). (immunopaedia.org.za)
- Metal hypersensitivity is a cell-mediated immune response that can lead to various diseases, including the granulomatous lung disease called Chronic Beryllium Disease. (nationaljewish.org)
- While IgE-mediated, type I hypersensitivity to corticosteroids remains exceedingly rare, the prevalence of T cell-mediated type IV hypersensitivity exemplified by allergic contact dermatitis has approached 5% in some studies. (lww.com)
- Their extensive use over the last decade has led to a significant increase in the incidence of hypersensitivity reactions, which are defined as unforeseen reactions whose signs and symptoms cannot be explained by the known toxicity of these drugs. (hindawi.com)
- Extensive use of platinum compounds in chemotherapy during the last decade has led to a significant increase in the incidence of hypersensitivity reactions (Table 1 ). (hindawi.com)
- The overall incidence of hypersensitivity reactions experienced during the first or second cycle of paclitaxel chemotherapy decreased about 63% compared with the incidence before implementation of the test dose (P (ovid.com)
- The overall incidence of hypersensitivity reactions was 1:677 surgeries, corresponding to 15 (95% CI, 13 to 17) cases per 10,000 operations. (asahq.org)
- However, the overall incidence of hypersensitivity reactions was much greater than reported elsewhere, possibly because of a comprehensive search strategy. (asahq.org)
- The incidence of hypersensitivity reactions to oxaliplatin is approximately 10%, and only about 3% are serious (grade 3 or 4). (theoncologypharmacist.com)
- NSAID or nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug hypersensitivity reactions encompasses a broad range of allergic or allergic-like symptoms that occur within minutes to hours after ingesting aspirin or other NSAID nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. (wikipedia.org)
- Symptoms included pruritus, hives, and anaphylactic-like reactions. (uptodate.com)
- Hypersensitivity to a chemotherapeutic agent is defined as an unforeseen reaction whose signs and symptoms cannot be explained by the known toxicity of the drug [ 29 ]. (hindawi.com)
- Recent findings Hypersensitivity reactions to PPI vary from mild symptoms to life-threatening disorders. (ovid.com)
- Symptoms associated with these reactions can range from respiratory and/or cutaneous reactions to angioedema. (uspharmacist.com)
- Most of these hypersensitivity reactions were indistinguishable from hypersensitivity reactions associated with abacavir rechallenge: short time to onset, increased severity of symptoms, and poor outcome (including death). (thebody.com)
- Severe or fatal hypersensitivity reactions occurred upon reintroduction when abacavir was discontinued for reasons unrelated to symptoms of hypersensitivity. (thebody.com)
- In some cases, symptoms consistent with hypersensitivity may have been present before abacavir was discontinued, but may have been attributed to other medical conditions (for example, acute onset respiratory diseases, gastroenteritis or reactions to other medications). (thebody.com)
- The reason for discontinuation should be evaluated to ensure that the patient did not have symptoms of a hypersensitivity reaction. (thebody.com)
- If symptoms consistent with hypersensitivity are not identified, reintroduction should be undertaken with caution. (thebody.com)
- however, the timing of symptoms and their relief following our treatment support the clinical diagnosis of sugammadex-induced hypersensitivity. (thefreedictionary.com)
- We categorized all symptoms into hypersensitivity reactions, physiologic reactions, and other reactions, according to the American College of Radiology guidelines, and evaluated each category as an event. (uptodate.com)
- Treatment of a hypersensitivity reaction is dependant upon the type and severity of allergic symptoms. (rightdiagnosis.com)
- Glaxo Wellcome Inc., is notifying health professionals of a revised warning in the labeling for Ziagen (abacavir sulfate) about fatal hypersensitivity reactions to abacavir in patients presenting with respiratory symptoms. (vidyya.com)
- Although presentations vary markedly between patients, frequently occurring features of these hypersensitivity reactions are fever, rash, gastrointestinal symptoms (nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, or abdominal pain) and fatigue or malaise. (vidyya.com)
- While respiratory symptoms have been recognized as part of the hypersensitivity reaction in some patients, recent information underscores their importance. (vidyya.com)
- Fatalities in patients treated with Ziagen who developed hypersensitivity reactions in which the initial presentation included respiratory symptoms of dyspnea, cough, or pharyngitis have been reported. (vidyya.com)
- Deaths have been reported in patients receiving Ziagen who were initially diagnosed with an acute respiratory disease (pneumonia, bronchitis, or flu-like illness) who were later recognized to have had a hypersensitivity reaction to abacavir that included respiratory symptoms. (vidyya.com)
- Review of reports of hypersensitivity in patients receiving Ziagen indicates that respiratory symptoms (including cough, dyspnea, and pharyngitis) have occurred in approximately 20% of patients who have had hypersensitivity reactions. (vidyya.com)
- The diagnosis of hypersensitivity reaction should be carefully considered for patients presenting with symptoms of acute respiratory diseases and other symptoms associated with hypersensitivity to abacavir, even if alternative respiratory diagnoses (pneumonia, bronchitis, pharyngitis, or flu-like illness) are possible. (vidyya.com)
- Ziagen should not be restarted following a hypersensitivity reaction because more severe symptoms will recur within hours and may include life-threatening hypotension and death. (vidyya.com)
- This updated warning about fatal hypersensitivity reactions to abacavir in patients presenting with respiratory symptoms is now included in the revised labeling for Ziagen. (vidyya.com)
- Latex hypersensitivity in Department of Veterans Affairs health care workers: glove use, symptoms, and sensitization. (cdc.gov)
- Associated musculoskeletal symptoms and pain can be present in patients reacting to taxenes as in anaphylactoid reactions, in which mast cell/IgE mechanisms cannot be demonstrated. (qxmd.com)
- Breakthrough symptoms are less severe than the initial hypersensitivity reaction in all series reviewed, and deaths have not been reported. (qxmd.com)
- Patients should be advised of signs and symptoms of severe hypersensitivity or Stevens-Johnson syndrome. (bookapharmacist.com)
- Hypersensitivity may also result in changing heart rhythms, which can cause shortness of breath and lead to the milder symptoms of cinchonism. (ehow.co.uk)
- Call your provider if you have symptoms of hypersensitivity vasculitis. (medlineplus.gov)
- To our knowledge, our patient is the first case of allergic contact dermatitis to corticosteroids confirmed by patch testing to have type IV hypersensitivity while also experiencing classic type I symptoms. (lww.com)
- Depending on what type of wheat hypersensitivity you have, gluten-free products may only partly address your symptoms. (stanford.edu)
- In immediate allergic reactions, the sensitivity of skin testing and immunoassays is decreasing and new in vitro methods, such as the basophil activation test, are gaining importance for diagnosis. (wiley.com)
- Summary A high level of clinical suspicion is critical in the diagnosis of PPI-induced hypersensitivity reactions. (ovid.com)
- Diagnosis and management of HIV drug hypersensitivity. (nih.gov)
- Nevertheless, literature review revealed no cases of interstitial nephritis as renal manifestation in Sweet Syndrome (being only described mesangiocapillary glomerulonephritis), reinforcing the diagnosis of a hypersensitivity reaction to AZA. (thefreedictionary.com)
- Diagnosis of sulfonamide hypersensitivity reactions by in-vitro "rechallenge" with hydroxylamine metabolites. (thefreedictionary.com)
- Diagnosis and management of hypersensitivity reactions related to common cancer chemotherapy agents. (pneumotox.com)
- Understanding adverse drug reactions and drug allergies: principles, diagnosis and treatment aspects. (semanticscholar.org)
- The invention is directed to the diagnosis of allergic reactions. (patentsencyclopedia.com)
- San Francisco, CA-A review of the incidence and management of hypersensitivity reactions to oxaliplatin revealed that many patients are unnecessarily taken off this important drug. (theoncologypharmacist.com)
- SNIDR are most commonly skin reactions that may be relatively mild moderately severe such as maculopapular rash, fixed drug eruptions, photosensitivity reactions, delayed urticaria, and contact dermatitis or extremely severe such as the DRESS syndrome, acute generalized exanthematous pustulosis, the Stevens-Johnson syndrome, and toxic epidermal necrolysis (also termed Lyell's syndrome). (wikipedia.org)
- The HLA-B*1502 allele has been shown to be strongly correlated with carbamazepine-induced Stevens-Johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis (SJS-TEN) in the Han Chinese and other Asian populations but not in European populations.We performed a genomewide association study of samples obtained from 22 subjects with carbamazepine-induced hypersensitivity syndrome, 43 subjects with carbamazepine-induced maculopapular exanthema, and 3987 control subjects, all of European descent. (uniprot.org)
- 11 Genetic mapping involved a comparison of HLA genotypes for 44 patients with Stevens-Johnson syndrome or toxic epidermal necrolysis with those of 101 controls who had taken carbamazepine for at least 3 months without development of any skin reaction, and 93 healthy individuals. (mja.com.au)
- We conclude that food hypersensitivities are present in SCWTs affected with the syndrome of PLE/PLN. (nih.gov)
- Examples of cytotoxic reaction are the Rh incompatibility of a newborn, blood transfusion reactions, and autoimmune diseases like Pemphigus Vulgaris, Bullous Pemphigoid, autoimmune hemolytic anemia and Goodpasture's syndrome to name a few. (dentalcare.com)
- Shear NH, Spielberg SP, Cannon M, Miller M. Anticonvulsant hypersensitivity syndrome: in vitro risk assessment. (springer.com)
- Regarding my yesterday's question about antibiotic delayed hypersensitivity reactions: is it possible to get SJS syndrome from using Chloramphenicol oinment on a small skin wound? (justanswer.com)
- This latter syndrome is also called drug (induced) hypersensitivity syndrome (DHS or DiHS), because not all patients have eosinophilia. (allergycases.org)
- Occasionally, even a permanent second drug allergy to a further compound can develop (ie, multiple drug hypersensitivity syndrome). (allergycases.org)
- Drug-induced hypersensitivity syndrome--a literature review and the case report]. (semanticscholar.org)
- More than 100 drugs have been associated with severe, life-threatening hypersensitivity reactions, including Stevens-Johnson Syndrome (SJS) and Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis (TENS) . (searcymasstort.com)
- The Florida Stevens-Johnson Syndrome lawyers at Searcy Denney note that allergic drug reactions are one of the leading causes of death in the United States. (searcymasstort.com)
- Bextra was withdrawn from the market by Pfizer in the United States in April of 2005 after reports linking the drug to numerous cardiovascular injuries and reports of patients suffering life-threatening skin reactions and deaths due to Stevens-Johnson Syndrome and Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis. (searcymasstort.com)
- The Florida products liability lawyers at Searcy Denney have litigated claims involving patients who have suffered hypersensitivity reactions, including Stevens-Johnson Syndrome and Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis, against healthcare providers and pharmaceutical manufacturers, each of whom often share responsibility for the devastating injuries suffered by patients with drug induced hypersensitivity reactions. (searcymasstort.com)
- In summary, there have been rare but serious reports of hypersensitivity reactions, including Stevens-Johnson syndrome and acute anaphylactic shock, with febuxostat (Adenuric). (bookapharmacist.com)
- Human herpesvirus 6 encephalitis associated with hypersensitivity syndrome. (nih.gov)
- Hypersensitivity syndrome, a serious systematic reaction to a limited number of drugs, is associated with the reactivation of human herpesvirus 6. (nih.gov)
- The clinical features of skin eruptions, high fever, eosinophilia, and atypical lymphocytosis were compatible with drug hypersensitivity syndrome. (nih.gov)
- To our knowledge, this is the first report of human herpesvirus 6 encephalitis associated with hypersensitivity syndrome. (nih.gov)
- ABSTRACT: Although nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are one of the most commonly prescribed and consumed drug classes, they are associated with a wide range of adverse effects, including NSAID-induced hypersensitivity reactions (NHRs). (uspharmacist.com)
- There are only two documented cases of hypersensitivity reactions to PRP in the literature1,2. (posterpresentations.com)
- However, after checking medical records, none of the three valid cases of hypersensitivity in the naproxen cohort and neither of the two in the ibuprofen cohort were judged to be due to NSAID exposure. (stir.ac.uk)
- Glaxo Wellcome Inc. is writing to inform you of important new safety information about hypersensitivity reactions to abacavir , a nucleoside analogue reverse transcriptase inhibitor which, in combination with other antiretroviral agents, is indicated for the treatment of HIV-1 infection. (thebody.com)
- patients who have developed hypersensitivity reactions upon abacavir rechallenge are at an increased risk of a severe hypersensitivity reaction, which may result in death. (thebody.com)
- Hypersensitivity to abacavir was not recognized before abacavir therapy was interrupted. (thebody.com)
- Hypersensitivity reactions occurred days to weeks following abacavir reintroduction in a minority of reports. (thebody.com)
- If hypersensitivity is suspected, abacavir should NOT be reintroduced. (thebody.com)
- Patients should be made aware that a hypersensitivity reaction can occur upon reintroduction of abacavir, and that reintroduction should be undertaken only if medical care can be readily accessed by the patient and others. (thebody.com)
- HLA-B*5701 screening for hypersensitivity to abacavir. (nih.gov)
- Given the immune pathogenesis of these reactions, it is perhaps not surprising that the most significant genetic associations have been identified in the major histocompatibility complex for drugs such as abacavir, carbamazepine, and allopurinol. (springer.com)
- For abacavir, it has been suggested that preprescription genotyping for HLA-B * 5701 in whites may reduce the incidence of hypersensitivity. (springer.com)
- Peyrieere H, Nicolas J, Siffert M, Demoly P, Hallaire-Buys D, Reynes J. Hypersensitivity related to abacavir in 2 members of a family. (springer.com)
- One of the strongest such genetic associations found has been for the antiviral drug abacavir, which causes severe adverse reactions exclusively in patients expressing the HLA molecular variant B*57:01. (pnas.org)
- In approximately 8% of recipients, abacavir is associated with significant immune-mediated drug hypersensitivity, which is strongly associated with the presence of the HLA-B*57:01 allele ( 1 , 2 ). (pnas.org)
- None of these existing models provides a convincing mechanism explaining how abacavir induces adverse reactions through the activation of CD8 + cells in a strictly HLA-B*57:01-restricted manner, as was described in a groundbreaking paper by the McCluskey group ( 2 ). (pnas.org)
- Topical corticosteroids, usually in the form of skin preparations or inhaled glucocorticoids, can cause contact hypersensitivity, which is discussed elsewhere. (uptodate.com)
- See 'General principles of dermatologic therapy and topical corticosteroid use', section on 'Side effects' and 'Major side effects of inhaled glucocorticoids', section on 'Contact hypersensitivity' . (uptodate.com)
- 14 In addition, topical imiquimod has been shown to induce emigration of resident LCs from murine skin, thereby amplifying allergic contact hypersensitivity (CHS) reactions 15 as well as inducing the migration of immature human DCs into draining lymph nodes of cancer patients. (bloodjournal.org)
- There were 20 instances of urticaria (including reactions localized to the injection site) or bronchospasm (0.29 percent of injections and 0.89 percent of patients). (uptodate.com)
- NECD reactions occur in patients with underlying chronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU) who either develop urticaria or have an urticaria exacerbation following the ingestion of an NSAID. (uspharmacist.com)
- Papular urticaria may be a hypersensitivity reaction to another insect, and the urticarial lesions are usually on the exposed parts of extremities. (thefreedictionary.com)
- In addition to many igE mediated hypersensitivities (a decade of chronic recurrent urticaria), I've had many weird skin skin things. (justanswer.com)
- Anaphylactoid reactions range from urticaria and itching, to bronchospasm and facial and laryngeal edema . (wikipedia.org)
- What is the role of immune hypersensitivity in the pathophysiology of acute urticaria (hives)? (medscape.com)
- HLA-DRB1*01 associated with cutaneous hypersensitivity induced by nevirapine and efavirenz. (nih.gov)
- Successful Prevention of Local and Cutaneous Hypersensitivity Rea. (ingentaconnect.com)
- We describe a 23-year-old atopic woman with documented IgE-mediated local and cutaneous hypersensitivity to SF. (ingentaconnect.com)
- HLA-A*3101 and carbamazepine-induced hypersensitivity reactions in Europeans. (uniprot.org)
- 95% CI, 4.93 to 116.18).The presence of the HLA-A*3101 allele was associated with carbamazepine-induced hypersensitivity reactions among subjects of Northern European ancestry. (uniprot.org)
- Industrial complex platinum salts have been reported to cause hypersensitivity and asthma among refinery workers since 1945 [ 30 ]. (hindawi.com)
- These reactions are thought to occur mainly due to the inhibition of cyclooxygenase-1 enzymes (COX-1). (uspharmacist.com)
- Drug hypersensitivity reactions can occur with most drugs, although the frequency, severity, and clinical manifestations vary. (springer.com)
- You will understand and be able to distinguish between the mechanisms of damage involved in each reaction and the time taken for these reactions to occur. (immunopaedia.org.za)
- These reactions occur when IgG class antibodies directed towards cell surface antigens have a stimulating effect on their target. (immunopaedia.org.za)
- They occur after multiple infusions and within minutes of exposure, although delayed reactions (hours later) can occur. (theoncologypharmacist.com)
- Early pregnancy is a contraindication to iron infusions, while old age and serious co-morbidity may worsen the impact of acute reactions if they occur. (elsevier.com)
- Adverse drug reactions adverse drug reaction (ADR) occur in approximately 17% of patients. (cdc.gov)
- Clinical course and pathologic findings suggested acute eosinophilic pneumonia caused by a hypersensitivity reaction. (biomedsearch.com)
- It is difficult to evaluate the exact prevalence of these reactions, presumably because their definition is vast and pathogenic mechanisms are still vague, but L-OHP-induced hypersensitivity can be classified into relatively acute severe anaphylaxes and delayed mild allergic reactions [ 13 - 16 ]. (medsci.org)
- A reduction of the infusion rate and the administration of steroids and/or antihistamines are used to treat both for acute and delayed hypersensitivity reactions, and discontinuation is strongly suggested immediately upon the development of acute reactions [ 13 - 16 ]. (medsci.org)
- If the clinical presentation of an acute illness cannot be clearly differentiated from a hypersensitivity reaction, Ziagen must be permanently discontinued. (vidyya.com)
- Acute hypersensitivity reactions during iron infusions are very rare but can be life-threatening. (elsevier.com)
- Complement activation-related pseudo-allergy triggered by iron nanoparticles is probably a more frequent pathogenetic mechanism in acute reactions to current formulations of intravenous iron than is an immunological IgE-mediated response. (elsevier.com)
- What are examples of type I hypersensitivity? (brainscape.com)
- Examples of DTH reactions are contact dermatitis (eg, poison ivy rash), tuberculin skin test reactions, granulomatous inflammation (eg, sarcoidosis , Crohn disease ), allograft rejection, graft versus host disease , and autoimmune hypersensitivity reactions. (medscape.com)
- These antigens may be intrinsic or "self" as in autoimmune reactions or extrinsic or "non-self. (dentalcare.com)
- In the above case of the type III hypersensitivity reaction, the authors advised that PRP injection during active phase of autoimmune disease is contraindicated2. (posterpresentations.com)
- Type II hypersensitivity reactions can be seen in immune thrombocytopenia, autoimmune hemolytic anemia, and autoimmune neutropenia. (statpearls.com)
- Bleeding can accompany infections, drug reactions, malignancy and other autoimmune disorders such as thyroid disease and SLE. (statpearls.com)
- The type II reaction is a prominent mechanism of tissue damage in many autoimmune diseases and other conditions (like incompatible blood transfusion and hyperacute graft rejection). (yourarticlelibrary.com)
- Wheat allergy is also caused by an immune reaction, but it is not an autoimmune disease. (stanford.edu)
- These syndromes have recently been classified by the European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology Task Force on NSAIDs Hypersensitivity. (wikipedia.org)
- This book fills the gaps in the recognition of clinical presentation and triggers, the understanding of the natural history of these reactions, and the selection of treatment strategies including cellular and molecular targets. (frohberg.de)
- McMahon A, Evans J & MacDonald TM (2001) Hypersensitivity reactions associated with exposure to naproxen and ibuprofen: A cohort study, Journal of Clinical Epidemiology, 54 (12), pp. 1271-1274. (stir.ac.uk)
- We have also provided you with the common clinical conditions associated with each type of hypersensitivity reaction. (immunopaedia.org.za)
- The need to offer first line therapy after cancer recurrence has spurred the clinical development of rapid desensitizations, which allow patients to be treated with medications to which they have presented hypersensitivity reactions. (qxmd.com)
- ANAHEIM-Hypersensitivity or infusion reactions to chemotherapy agents or monoclonal antibodies can be life-threatening but often can be managed with premedications or titration of infusion rates to allow continuance of therapy, said Catherine Christen, PharmD, at the 45th American Society of Health-System Pharmacists Midyear Clinical Meeting & Exposition. (theoncologypharmacist.com)
- Anaphylactoid reactions do not have an IgE basis, and may instead be caused by complement activation, said Christen, clinical assistant professor of pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, and clinical pharmacist, gynecology oncology, University of Michigan Health Systems, Ann Arbor. (theoncologypharmacist.com)
- Because clinical trials are conducted under widely varying conditions, adverse reaction rates observed in the clinical trials of a drug cannot be directly compared to rates in the clinical trials of another drug and may not reflect the rates observed in practice. (rxlist.com)
- Clinical data suggest that many such reactions involve immune mechanisms, and genetic association studies have identified strong linkages between drug hypersensitivity reactions to several drugs and specific HLA alleles. (pnas.org)
- This report describes the frequency and characteristics of serious or life-threatening hypersensitivity reactions to the tuberculin skin test over an 11-year period through November 2000. (oup.com)
- OBJECTIVE: We investigated the presence of hypersensitivity to iodine in patients with a history of hypersensitivity reactions to RCM. (biomedsearch.com)
- Previous reports have demonstrated the utility of T-cell proliferation and cytokine release assays as in vitro diagnostic tests for drug causation in drug hypersensitivity reactions (DHR). (soton.ac.uk)
- Haw, Wei Yann , Polak, Marta , Mcguire, Carolann , Erlewyn-Lajeunesse, Michel and Ardern-Jones, Michael (2016) In vitro rapid diagnostic tests for severe drug hypersensitivity reactions in children. (soton.ac.uk)
- An allergy workup is normally recommended 1-6 months after the reaction and it might comprise of skin and in vitro tests. (allergycases.org)
- The assays that we have established can be applied to test additional compounds with suspected HLA-linked hypersensitivities in vitro. (pnas.org)
- We will present the characteristics and pathogenetic mechanisms of this hypersensitivity, as well as the basic management options available to date. (hindawi.com)
- Mechanisms of adverse drug reactions. (springer.com)
- We review hypersensitivity reactions caused by the different groups of anticoagulant agents and discuss the pathophysiological mechanisms, diagnostic possibilities and management options. (eurekaselect.com)
- The exact mechanisms of these reactions are not well understood in most cases. (eestiarst.ee)
- Hypersensitivity Reactions to Nonsteroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs in Children and Adolescents: Selective Reactions. (semanticscholar.org)
- hypersensitivity reactions are idiosyncratic reactions to a drug. (wikipedia.org)
- SNIDR result from the drug-specific stimulation of CD4+ T lymphocytes and CD8+ cytotoxic T cells to elicit a delayed type hypersensitivity reaction. (wikipedia.org)
- Drug allergies are characterized by a hypersensitive reaction of the immune system to certain medications. (wellness.com)
- There is a higher risk of allergic reaction if the drug is administered in large doses or if it is administered intravenously. (wellness.com)
- Hypersensitivity reactions in patients receiving cisplatin were first described in the 1970s in patients who had been retreated with the drug [ 31 ]. (hindawi.com)
- Pharmacovigilance of drug allergy and hypersensitivity using the ENDA-DAHD database and the GA2LEN platform. (wiley.com)
- NSAID-induced hypersensitivity reactions (NHRs) have been reported in about 0.3% to 6% of the general population and are thought to account for 20% to 30% of all drug-related reactions, placing them second behind antibiotic-associated hypersensitivity reactions. (uspharmacist.com)
- However, investigation of genetic causes of idiosyncratic drug reactions has the potential to be more worthwhile than the investigation of effects like myopathy with statins in terms of the predictive value of the polymorphisms. (mja.com.au)
- Idiosyncratic reactions are often immune-mediated, commonly serious, currently unpredictable, and frequently result in reluctance to prescribe an otherwise useful drug. (mja.com.au)
- There has been at least one instance when an idiosyncratic hypersensitivity reaction resulted in a drug being sidelined for a newer alternative (clopidogrel replacing ticlopidine), even though most people using the original drug benefited without clinically significant ill effects. (mja.com.au)
- The most likely area of DNA for genetic variations that predispose to drug hypersensitivity reactions is the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) region ( Box 1 ). (mja.com.au)
- These reactions usually take several days or even weeks to manifest following drug exposure. (thefreedictionary.com)
- Delayed drug hypersensitivity reactions. (radiopaedia.org)
- Case reports have suggested that there may be familial clustering of drug hypersensitivity suggesting a genetiv predisposition. (springer.com)
- As with most other forms of drug response, predisposition to drug hypersensitivity reactions is likely to be multifactorial and multigenic. (springer.com)
- It is likely that as our knowledge of variation in the human genome improves, coupled with improvements in technology, many more significant genetic predisposing factors for drug hypersensitivity are likely to be identified in the next decade. (springer.com)
- However, as we search for these genetic factors, it is important that we do not forget environmental predisposition, and to bear in mind that a genetic marker for drug hypersensitivity in one population may not necessarily be relevant for another population. (springer.com)
- Notwithstanding the advances in genetic technologies, the ultimate determinant of success in this area of research will be the identification and careful phenotyping of patients with drug hypersensitivity reactions. (springer.com)
- Drug hypersensitivities: definition, epidemiology and risk factors. (springer.com)
- The danger hypothesis: potential role in idiosyncratic drug reactions. (springer.com)
- Park BK, Pirmohamed M, Kitteringham NR. Idiosyncratic drug-reactions: a mechanistic evaluation of risk-factors. (springer.com)
- Genetic susceptibility to adverse drug reactions. (springer.com)
- We retrospectively reviewed the medical charts of patients who had received one or two courses of single-agent paclitaxel or a combination chemotherapy regimen to calculate hypersensitivity reaction incidence and the cost of drug wastage. (ovid.com)
- Hypersensitivity reaction incidence and drug wastage cost were again assessed. (ovid.com)
- There was an increased risk of unvalidated hypersensitivity reactions during periods on-drug versus off-drug in patients exposed to naproxen and ibuprofen. (stir.ac.uk)
- Adverse event reports (AERs) submitted to the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) were reviewed to confirm the platinum agent-associated mild, severe, and lethal hypersensitivity reactions. (medsci.org)
- Introduction: The use of many anti-retroviral drugs has been associated with a myriad of adverse drug reactions (ADRs) which could limit successful treatment outcome with respect to patient compliance and quality of life. (omicsonline.org)
- Assignment of the case and the control status of a patient was done based on occurrence of these adverse drug reactions in each of the HIV/AIDS only, TB only and HIV/TB co-infection patient groups. (omicsonline.org)
- Conclusion: The use of anti-retroviral drugs and anti-TB drugs is associated with very high incidences of adverse drug reactions. (omicsonline.org)
- These two cases suggest that some patients can be given native E. coli asparaginase after hypersensitivity reactions to PEGylated asparaginase and achieve therapeutic concentrations of the drug in serum. (springermedizin.de)
- Under treatment with sulfonamide antimicrobial agents, 2% of the general population have adverse drug reactions suggestive of an allergic mechanism. (allergycases.org)
- Multiple drug hypersensitivity reactions to anti-tuberculosis drugs: five cases in HIV-infected patients. (msf.org)
- The IgEand non-IgE-mediated hypersensitivity reactions to anticancer drugs can be managed by rapid drug desensitization, enabling to sensitize patients to receive full treatment safely, thus representing an important advance in the patient's treatment and prognosis. (eestiarst.ee)
- An example here is the reaction to penicillin, where the drug can bind to red blood cells causing them to be recognised as different. (immunopaedia.org.za)
- In many drug hypersensitivity reactions, drug-specific CD4+ and CD8+ T cells recognize drugs through their alphabeta T-cell receptors in an MHC-dependent way. (semanticscholar.org)
- Drug-specific T cells also orchestrate inflammatory skin reactions through the release of various cytokines (for example, interleukin-5, interferon) and chemokines (such as interleukin-8). (semanticscholar.org)
- article{Pichler2003DelayedDH, title={Delayed drug hypersensitivity reactions. (semanticscholar.org)
- Pharmaceutical litigation attorneys explain that a drug reaction usually begins within days or weeks of ingestion. (searcymasstort.com)
- Desensitization protocols are available to treat hypersensitivity reactions to most chemotherapy agents including taxenes, platinums, doxorubicin, monoclonal antibodies and others, by gradual re-introduction of small amounts of drug antigens up to full therapeutic doses. (qxmd.com)
- Most reactions are mild, and most patients can be successfully rechallenged with the drug, according to a study presented at the 2016 Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium by Kelly Markey, PharmD, of Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL. (theoncologypharmacist.com)
- We did this study after observing that we had patients referred to us who had experienced a reaction to oxaliplatin and had the drug dropped from their treatment regimen. (theoncologypharmacist.com)
- Some people are allergic to quinine, which can cause a number of different hypersensitivity reactions due to exposure to the drug. (ehow.co.uk)
- This provides an explanation for HLA-linked idiosyncratic adverse drug reactions, namely that drugs can alter the repertoire of self-peptides presented to T cells, thus causing the equivalent of an alloreactive T-cell response. (pnas.org)
- Three complementary models for the mechanism of immune-mediated severe adverse drug reactions have traditionally been discussed ( 3 , 4 ). (pnas.org)
- The danger model, which is in principle compatible with other models, states that danger signals other than the drug itself (e.g., chemical, physical, or viral stress) are required to overcome immune tolerance barriers that otherwise suppress drug hypersensitivity reactions ( 7 ). (pnas.org)
- Hypersensitivity vasculitis is an extreme reaction to a drug, infection, or foreign substance. (medlineplus.gov)
- Whereas, pharmacogenetics changes of the pharmacokinetics may contribute to the explanation of some type A reactions, strong relationships of genetic markers has also been shown for drug hypersensitivity belonging to type B reactions. (cdc.gov)
- We present the classifications of ADR, discuss genetic influences and focus on delayed-onset hypersensitivity reactions, i.e., drug-induced liver injury, drug-induced agranulocytosis, and severe cutaneous ADR. (cdc.gov)
- Although hypersensitivity to glycopeptides is rare, both immune-mediated and delayed reactions have been reported in the literature. (mdpi.com)
- Hypersensitivity reactions are immune-mediated reactions to drugs that range from relatively mild, (with only a rash or skin involvement), to deadly (with skin rashes that lead to massive loss of skin requiring painful treatments in a burn unit, ulcerations in mucous membranes, tissue death or necrosi, respiratory failure, kidney failure, and arrhythmia). (searcymasstort.com)
- Sugar alcohols rarely cause hypersensitivity reactions , although there have been reports of reactions to mannitol [1-and erythritol . (thefreedictionary.com)
- L-OHP, a third-generation platinum agent, has also been increasingly recognized to cause hypersensitivity reactions [ 13 - 16 ], but the incidence still varies in reports [ 17 - 25 ]. (medsci.org)
- All chemotherapy agents can cause hypersensitivity reactions, which have limited the used of critical drugs in very sick patients for fear of inducing a more severe reaction and possibly death. (qxmd.com)
- Since its approval in December 1998, the labeling for Ziagen has included a WARNING and description of fatal hypersensitivity reactions to Ziagen. (vidyya.com)
- however, it is a histamine-related infusion reaction rather than a true immunoglobulin E (IgE)-mediated allergic reaction. (mdpi.com)
- IgE antibody-mediated histamine release in vivo in the rat peritoneal cavity was also inhibited by GC administration significantly, and the inhibition was long lasting when compared to those of the mediator-induced cutaneous reactions. (nih.gov)
- Tyrosine amino-transferase (TAT) activity in the rat liver increased significantly by GC administration, and the increased TAT activity was completely abrogated by simultaneous administration of 5 mg/kg of cycloheximide (CH). In the same experimental condition, although inhibition of histamine-induced cutaneous reaction by GC was completely abrogated, the inhibition of PCA elicited at the same time in the same rats was only partially attenuated. (nih.gov)
- When suspected HSR or unexplained reactions occurred after injection of PBV, blood samples were taken, and plasma histamine and serum tryptase concentrations were measured. (sigmaaldrich.com)
- Cross-section of nose with inset of histamine reaction to allergin. (indexedvisuals.com)
- These antibodies (IgE) bind to mast cells and basophils, which contain histamine granules that are released in the reaction and cause inflammation. (statpearls.com)
- It is the most severe form of an allergic reaction, where mast cells suddenly release a large amount of histamine and later on leukotrienes. (statpearls.com)
- Delayed-type hypersensitivity to recombinant HIV envelope glycoprotein (rgp160) after immunization with homologous antigen. (clinicaltrials.gov)
- The reaction is the result of an antigen cross-linking with membrane-bound IgE antibody of a mast cell or basophil. (dentalcare.com)
- In a cytotoxic reaction, the antibody reacts directly with the antigen that is bound to the cell membrane to induce cell lysis through complement activation. (dentalcare.com)
- This type of reaction takes 48-72 hours, or longer, after contact with the antigen to fully develop. (dentalcare.com)
- Type 1 hypersensitivity is an allergic reaction provoked by reexposure to a specific type of antigen refer. (indexedvisuals.com)
- What happens to the cells that can be involved in a type I hypersensitivity after encounter with antigen? (brainscape.com)
- Hypersensitivity reactions (HR) are immune responses that are exaggerated or inappropriate against an antigen or allergen. (statpearls.com)
- One retrospective review noted adverse reactions related to an antileukocyte antibody-mediated reaction and/or accumulation of pro-inflammatory cytokines4. (posterpresentations.com)
- The aim of this paper is to provide recent data concerning hypersensitivity reactions to platinum-containing chemotherapy agents. (hindawi.com)
- The aim of this review is to familiarize the medical community with the type of hypersensitivity reactions amendable to rapid desensitization and to review protocols for chemotherapy desensitization that can be used for most chemotherapy agents. (qxmd.com)
- These reactions are mediated by T cells and monocytes/macrophages rather than by antibodies. (medscape.com)
- Hypersensitivity reactions to chemotherapeutic drugs, including monoclonal antibodies, can lead to the discontinuation of first-line therapies and can consequently affect the patient's quality of life and life expectancy, as alternative agents may often be less effective, more toxic and/or more expensive. (eestiarst.ee)
- In type 2 hypersensitivity reactions, the antibodies produced by the immune response bind to antigens on the patient's own cell surfaces. (immunopaedia.org.za)
- In type 3 hypersensitivity reactions, insoluble immune complexes (aggregations of antigens and IgG and IgM antibodies) form in the blood and are deposited in various tissues (typically the skin, kidney and joints) ( See figure 3a ). (immunopaedia.org.za)
- Some cancer medications that are associated with infusion reactions are platinum agents, taxanes, liposomal doxorubicin, etoposide, and monoclonal antibodies. (theoncologypharmacist.com)
- Delayed hypersensitivity is a major mechanism of defense against various intracellular pathogens, including mycobacteria, fungi, and certain parasites, and it occurs in transplant rejection and tumor immunity. (medscape.com)
- Drugs may cause allergic reactions by any mechanism of hypersensitivity. (statpearls.com)
- Fig. 16.2: Type II hypersensitivity mechanism. (yourarticlelibrary.com)
- Askenase, P. W., 1976, Cutaneous basophil hypersensitivity uncovered in the cell transfer of classical tuberculin hypersensitivity, J. Immunol. (springer.com)
- NERD does not appear to be due to a true allergic reaction to NSAIDs but rather at least in part to the more direct effects of these drugs to promote the production and/or release of certain mediators of allergy. (wikipedia.org)
- Hypersensitivity reactions to chemotherapy, although rare, have been reported with most chemotherapy drugs. (wellness.com)
- Hypersensitivity reactions to chemotherapeutic drugs. (pneumotox.com)
- Kathrin Scherer, Dimitrios A. Tsakiris and Andreas J. Bircher, " Hypersensitivity Reactions to Anticoagulant Drugs", Current Pharmaceutical Design (2008) 14: 2863. (eurekaselect.com)
- Immune reactions to small molecular compounds, such as drugs, can cause a variety of diseases involving the skin, liver, kidney, and lungs. (semanticscholar.org)
- Erythema Multiforme is a milder hypersensitivity reaction, less closely associated with use of particular drugs than SJS and TENS. (searcymasstort.com)
- Where successful, these assays could speed up the discovery and mechanistic understanding of HLA-linked hypersensitivities, and guide the development of safer drugs. (pnas.org)
- Dark red: example of drugs leading to primarily non-allergic hypersensitivity ADR. (cdc.gov)
- Our hypersensitivity assays are developed collaboratively with National Jewish Health physicians, supported by research publications and performed in our CLIA-certified lab. (nationaljewish.org)
- 2001. Hypersensitivity diseases. (radiopaedia.org)