Heterologous expression of a Rauvolfia cDNA encoding strictosidine glucosidase, a biosynthetic key to over 2000 monoterpenoid indole alkaloids. (1/23)
Strictosidine glucosidase (SG) is an enzyme that catalyses the second step in the biosynthesis of various classes of monoterpenoid indole alkaloids. Based on the comparison of cDNA sequences of SG from Catharanthus roseus and raucaffricine glucosidase (RG) from Rauvolfia serpentina, primers for RT-PCR were designed and the cDNA encoding SG was cloned from R. serpentina cell suspension cultures. The active enzyme was expressed in Escherichia coli and purified to homogeneity. Analysis of its deduced amino-acid sequence assigned the SG from R. serpentina to family 1 of glycosyl hydrolases. In contrast to the SG from C. roseus, the enzyme from R. serpentina is predicted to lack an uncleavable N-terminal signal sequence, which is believed to direct proteins to the endoplasmic reticulum. The temperature and pH optimum, enzyme kinetic parameters and substrate specificity of the heterologously expressed SG were studied and compared to those of the C. roseus enzyme, revealing some differences between the two glucosidases. In vitro deglucosylation of strictosidine by R. serpentina SG proceeds by the same mechanism as has been shown for the C. roseus enzyme preparation. The reaction gives rise to the end product cathenamine and involves 4,21-dehydrocorynantheine aldehyde as an intermediate. The enzymatic hydrolysis of dolichantoside (Nbeta-methylstrictosidine) leads to several products. One of them was identified as a new compound, 3-isocorreantine A. From the data it can be concluded that the divergence of the biosynthetic pathways leading to different classes of indole alkaloids formed in R. serpentina and C. roseus cell suspension cultures occurs at a later stage than strictosidine deglucosylation. (+info)Potential active-site residues in polyneuridine aldehyde esterase, a central enzyme of indole alkaloid biosynthesis, by modelling and site-directed mutagenesis. (2/23)
In the biosynthesis of the antiarrhythmic alkaloid ajmaline, polyneuridine aldehyde esterase (PNAE) catalyses a central reaction by transforming polyneuridine aldehyde into epi-vellosimine, which is the immediate precursor for the synthesis of the ajmalane skeleton. The PNAE cDNA was previously heterologously expressed in E. coli. Sequence alignments indicated that PNAE has a 43% identity to a hydroxynitrile lyase from Hevea brasiliensis, which is a member of the alpha/beta hydrolase superfamily. The catalytic triad, which is typical for this family, is conserved. By site-directed mutagenesis, the members of the catalytic triad were identified. For further detection of the active residues, a model of PNAE was constructed based on the X-ray crystallographic structure of hydroxynitrile lyase. The potential active site residues were selected on this model, and were mutated in order to better understand the relationship of PNAE with the alpha/beta hydrolases, and as well its mechanism of action. The results showed that PNAE is a novel member of the alpha/beta hydrolase enzyme superfamily. (+info)Probing suggested catalytic domains of glycosyltransferases by site-directed mutagenesis. (3/23)
The plant enzyme arbutin synthase isolated from cell suspension cultures of Rauvolfia serpentina and heterologously expressed in Escherichia coli is a member of the NRD1beta family of glycosyltransferases. This enzyme was used to prove, by site-directed mutagenesis, suggested catalytic domains and reaction mechanisms proposed for enzyme-catalyzed glycosylation. Replacement of amino acids far from the NRD domain do not significantly affect arbutin synthase activity. Exchange of amino acids at the NRD site leads to a decrease of enzymatic activity, e.g. substitution of Glu368 by Asp. Glu368, which is a conserved amino acid in glycosyltransferases located at position 2 and is important for enzyme activity, does not serve as the nucleophile in the catalytic centre as proposed. When it is replaced by Ala, the resulting mutant enzyme E368A exhibits comparable activity as found for E368D in respect to vanillin. Enzyme activities of wild-type and E368A towards several substrates were not affected at the same level. His360 at position 1 of NRD1beta glycosyltransferases occupies a more crucial role as expected. When it is exchanged against other basic amino acids such as Lys or Arg the enzyme activity decreases approximately 1000-fold. Replacement of His360 by Glu leads to a mutant enzyme (H360E) with an approximately 4000-fold lower activity compared with the wild-type. This mutein still produces a beta-glucoside, not an alpha-glucoside and therefore indicates that generation of the typical E-E motif of NRD1alpha glycosyltransferases does not convert a NRD1beta enzyme into a NRD1alpha enzyme. The presented data do not support several suggestions made in the literature about catalytic amino acids involved in the glycosyltransfer reaction. (+info)Rauwolfia serpentina; prolonged use in elderly hypertensive patients. (4/23)
In a group of older, arteriosclerotic hypertensive patients treated with an extract of Rauwolfia over a long period, a mild hypotensive effect was noted after weeks, or occasionally months, of therapy. No dramatic responses were seen, but the so-called "tranquilizing" effect was readily apparent and was appreciated by the patients. Side effects were usually relatively minor, were transient and rarely necessitated stopping the drug. (+info)Antihistaminase activity of serpentine. (5/23)
Serpentine, an alkaloid of Rauwolfia serpentina, specifically potentiates histamine responses of guinea-pig ileum, uterus, and tracheal chain. It also inhibits histaminase in vitro. Its antihistaminase activity is equivalent to that of aminoguanidine. (+info)NEWER DRUGS IN THE TREATMENT OF HYPERTENSION. (6/23)
The treatment of essential hypertension still consists of the judicious combination of two or more agents. The chemical nature, pharmacology, side effects and relative merits of two groups of drugs are reviewed: (1) agents interfering with the synthesis, storage and release of endogenous catecholamines and (2) oral diuretic agents. Rauwolfia compounds, bretylium tosylate, guanethidine, alpha-methyldopa and pargyline hydrochloride comprise the first group; thiazide derivatives, phthalimidine compounds and spironolactones constitute the second. Guanethidine is the most potent and most extensively used agent in the second group. While not yet fully assessed, alpha-methyldopa and pargyline hydrochloride are useful in selected cases. The intrinsic hypotensive properties of oral diuretics, their low incidence of side effects and their ability to potentiate the more potent agents make them useful adjuncts in the long-term treatment of hypertension. Attention is drawn to the potential diabetogenic and hyperuricemic effects of the thiazides and phthalimidine compounds. (+info)Vinorine synthase from Rauvolfia: the first example of crystallization and preliminary X-ray diffraction analysis of an enzyme of the BAHD superfamily. (7/23)
Crystals of vinorine synthase (VS) from medicinal plant Rauvolfia serpentina expressed in Escherichia coli have been obtained by the hanging-drop technique at 305 K with ammonium sulfate and PEG 400 as precipitants. The enzyme is involved in the biosynthesis of the antiarrhythmic drug ajmaline and is a member of the BAHD superfamily of acyltransferases. So far, no three-dimensional structure of a member of this enzyme family is known. The crystals belong to the space group P2(1)2(1)2(1) with cell dimensions of a=82.3 A, b=89.6 A and c=136.2 A. Under cryoconditions (120 K), a complete data set up to 2.8 A was collected at a synchrotron source. (+info)Crystallization and preliminary X-ray crystallographic analysis of strictosidine synthase from Rauvolfia: the first member of a novel enzyme family. (8/23)
Strictosidine synthase is a central enzyme involved in the biosynthesis of almost all plant monoterpenoid indole alkaloids. Strictosidine synthase from Rauvolfia serpentina was heterologously expressed in Escherichia coli. Crystals of the purified recombinant enzyme have been obtained by the hanging-drop technique at 303 K with potassium sodium tartrate tetrahydrate as precipitant. The crystals belong to the space group R3 with cell dimensions of a=b=150.3 A and c=122.4 A. Under cryoconditions (120 K), the crystals diffract to about 2.95 A. (+info)"Rauwolfia" is the name of a genus of plants in the dogbane family (Apocynaceae). It includes several species that have been used in traditional medicine for various purposes. The most well-known species is probably Rauwolfia serpentina, also known as Indian snakeroot or sarpagandha.
Extracts from the roots of Rauwolfia serpentina contain a number of alkaloids with pharmacological activity, including reserpine, which has been used in modern medicine to treat high blood pressure and some psychiatric disorders. However, due to its side effects, it is not commonly used today.
It's important to note that the use of Rauwolfia and its extracts should be done under medical supervision, as they can have significant effects on various body systems, including the heart, blood pressure, and nervous system.
Rauvolfia serpentina
Reserpine
Salimuzzaman Siddiqui
Syrosingopine
Corynanthine
Rauvolfia
Serpentine (alkaloid)
History of hypertension
Ajmaline
Rauvolfia micrantha
Pentolinium
2,6-Dimethoxybenzoquinone
Rauvolfia vomitoria
Vomilenine glucosyltransferase
Vinorine synthase
Rauvolfia tetraphylla
Asima Chatterjee
Vellosimine dehydrogenase
Manuel Córdova-Rios
Ayurvedic and Unani Tibbia College
8-Hydroxygeraniol dehydrogenase
Brunner syndrome
Alseroxylon
Ennedi Plateau
Acetylajmaline esterase
Rustom Jal Vakil
Alstonine
Vinorine hydroxylase
Robert Burns Woodward
ATC code C02
Rauwolfia - NAPRA
What does rauwolfia mean?
The Influence of Different Hormone Concentration and Combination on Callus Induction and Regeneration of Rauwolfia serpentina L...
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Reserpine
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Alkaloids8
- An endangered woody shrub Rauwolfia serpentina L. Benth belongs to the Apocynaceae family holds the tremendous potentialities for massive propagation and isolation of indole alkaloids through in vitro culture. (scialert.net)
- All rauwolfia alkaloids are derivatives of yohimbine. (medprep.info)
- In Africa (Congo), the extraction of the root of Rauwolfia vomitoria Afz - rauwolfia emetic, whose alkaloids have a similar effect, has been established. (medprep.info)
- Rauwolfia alkaloids are indicated in the treatment of hypertension 6 . (drugbank.com)
- Reserpine is in a class of medications called rauwolfia alkaloids. (drugbank.com)
- Reserpine, isolated in 1952, was the first of many Rauwolfia alkaloids found in the crude drug. (britannica.com)
- With neuroleptic drugs, the most significant changes in 5-HT metabolism in the brain are produced by Rauwolfia serpentine alkaloids and benzoquinoline derivatives. (erowid.org)
- It was appreciably lower at room temperature and almost negligible at 2 degrees C. . Only those rauwolfia alkaloids which exert reserpine-like pharmacological properties caused the release of 5- hydroxytryptamine. (erowid.org)
RESERPINE5
- Reserpine is derived from Rauwolfia serpentina, and was commonly used as an antihypertensive agent in the 1950s 12 . (drugbank.com)
- The anti-psychotic alkaloid, reserpine, also found in Rauwolfia species is removed from Rovol V during the extraction process. (rifedigital.net)
- reserpine , drug derived from the roots of certain species of the tropical plant Rauwolfia . (britannica.com)
- The Rauwolfia alkaloid, reserpine, was soon found to be a powerful tranquilizing agent and was identified as a valuable addition to psychiatric therapy. (laskerfoundation.org)
- Derived from Rauwolfia serpentina (a plant that for centuries has been used in India for the treatment of mental illness, insomnia, and snake bites), reserpine was introduced in the West as a treatment for schizophrenia. (medscape.com)
Shrub1
- The powdered whole root of the Indian shrub Rauwolfia serpentina historically had been used to treat snakebites, insomnia, hypertension (high blood pressure), and insanity. (britannica.com)
Vomitoria extract1
- We first investigated extracts of two traditional medicinal plants, Pao Pereira extract (Pao) and Rauwolfia vomitoria extract (Rau) for their anti-pancreatic CSC activities. (ku.edu)
Alkaloid2
- An extract from the bark of the roots of the African tree, Rauwolfia vomitoria, containing the alkaloid, alstonine (also called BG-8). (rifedigital.net)
- Pharmacological studies with deserpidine, a new alkaloid from Rauwolfia canescens. (nih.gov)
Sarpagandha2
- Rauwolfia Serpentina is the scientific name for sarpagandha. (babainternationaltrade.in)
- Sarpagandha (Rauwolfia serpentina). (canadianpharm.org)
Hypertension3
- Some species of Rauwolfia, particularly Rauwolfia Serpentina, are known for their medicinal properties and are used in traditional medicine to treat a variety of conditions such as hypertension and mental disorders. (definitions.net)
- In a historical paper on the use of Rauwolfia in hypertension which appeared in the British Heart Journal in 1949, he summed up 10 years of careful conscientious work that he had carried out personally, added the opinions of some 50 other physicians who had worked with Rauwolfia in hypertension, and produced a document which brought this drug finally and decisively into Western medicine. (laskerfoundation.org)
- But sometimes particularly in hypertensive urgencies or accelerated hypertension, rapid prescriptions with so-called specifics like Rauwolfia serpintina, Digitalis, Nux vomica, Nat muraticum, Spigelia or Veratrum vir, etc. may be needed. (hpathy.com)
Mother tincture2
- mother tincture in homeopathy, antioxidants, rauwolfia serpentina. (homeopathy360.com)
- In Homoeopathy mother tincture are routinely prescribed for the treatment of wide variety of ailments such as Rauwolfia serpentina is used for high blood pressure, fever, sedation, stomach pain, skin problems and muscular problems. (homeopathy360.com)
Canescens1
- In India, another species is used - Rauwolfia canescens L. - grayish rauwolfia. (medprep.info)
Benth2
- The influence of media composition on callus induction and subsequent regeneration of Rauwolfia serpentina L. Benth has been studied. (scialert.net)
- Rauwolfia other snake - Rauwolfia serpentina Benth. (medprep.info)
Species1
- In total, up to 150 species of the genus Rauwolfia have been identified in the world flora, found in the tropics and subtropics of Southeast Asia, Africa and South America, which are now all being studied. (medprep.info)
Botanical name1
- Its botanical name is Rauwolfia serpentina. (santripty.com)
Genus1
- Rauwolfia is a genus of evergreen trees and shrubs originating primarily in tropical and sub-tropical regions. (definitions.net)
Root1
- Interestingly, the hairy root component of this plant has shown a remarkable capacity to regenerate into complete Rauwolfia plants and shows survival and unaltered biosynthetic potential during storage at decreased temperatures. (drugbank.com)
Blood pressure2
- While not part of the DASH diet, some herbs like Coleus forskohlii, Hawthorne, Mistltoe and Rauwolfia help fight blood pressure. (yogawiz.com)
- People figured out that foxglove might have some cardiac benefit and that rauwolfia could lower blood pressure-sometimes a good tradeoff for suicidal ideation, sometimes not. (medscape.com)
Plant2
- Rauwolfia (Rauwolfia serpentina), also spelled ravolphia , is a medicinal plant in the milkweed family. (drugbank.com)
- Why is genetic variation important in the plant Rauwolfia vomitoria? (topperlearning.com)
Good1
- Are we missing a good definition for rauwolfia ? (definitions.net)
Block1
- The story of Rauwolfia serpentina is an example of a block in medical communication that, in retrospect, seems hard to understand. (laskerfoundation.org)
Activity1
- View of Effect of Xanthotoxin on Potentiating Anticonvulsant Activity of Rauwolfia Serpentina in Experimental Animals. (jclmm.com)
Language1
- How to say rauwolfia in sign language? (definitions.net)
Serpentina13
- What is the definition of Rauwolfia serpentina? (dictionary.net)
- Sarpagandha, also known as Rauwolfia serpentina (Rauvolfia serpentina) or black snakeroot is one of the very important Ayurvedic herbs. (pioneerherbal.com)
- Nipco Rauwolfia Serpentina Dilution can help reduce high blood pressure, restlessness, and sleeplessness. (nipcohomeo.com)
- In Ayurveda, Sarpagandha consists of dried root of Rauwolfia serpentina (Linn. (planetayurveda.in)
- Rauwolfia Serpentina roots are used for calming the central nervous system. (homeoayur.com)
- The main active constituent in Rauwolfia Serpentina is Reserpine, which is well-known for its antipsychotic and antihypertensive action. (homeoayur.com)
- Rauwolfia Serpentina is likely Unsafe during pregnancy because it can pass through the placental barrier and cause unwanted effects and birth defects. (homeoayur.com)
- The drug discovery paradigm involving the investigation of medicinal plants has produced successful results such as the isolation of reserpine from Rauwolfia serpentina which is known to have antipsychotic properties [ 13 - 15 ], in addition to its better known antihypertensive effect. (hindawi.com)
- Sarpagandha / Rauvolfia serpentina - Classification, Ayurvedic Properties & Dosage Description Sarpagandha (Rauwolfia serpentina) is a famous Tranquilizer and Antipsychotic herb and is useful in controlling Hypertension. (planetayurveda.com)
- Its scientific name is Rauwolfia Serpentina. (planetayurveda.com)
- It is also found naturally in Rauwolfia serpentina (Indian Snakeroot), along with several other active alkaloids. (listverse.com)
- Reserpine was separated by paper electrophoresis from the total alkaloids of Rauwolfia serpentina BENTH. (go.jp)
- Rauwolfia serpentina or Sarpagandha is used for treating hypertension in ayurved & homeopathy. (nutritionaltime.com)
Reserpine3
- Reserpine, the chief alkaloid in rauwolfia root, seems to be the component responsible for its blood pressure-lowering activity. (medicoherbs.co.za)
- During the scientific controversy in the 1950s surrounding the question of whether reserpine by itself was superior to the whole rauwolfia root, an Indian physician named Dr. Vakil reviewed all 151 studies available at the time. (medicoherbs.co.za)
- Reserpine present in Rauwolfia removes the store of noradrenaline from artery walls which relaxes the blood vessels which makes the blood flow more easily slowering the heart rate leading to reduction of blood pressure. (homeoayur.com)
Extract4
- Ninety male Wistar rats were orally administered 125, 250 and 500 mg/kg body weight of aqueous and ethanol root extract of Rauwolfia vomitoria for 14 and 28 days. (alliedacademies.org)
- Pathway specific microarray analyses were utilized to identify the effect of Rauwolfia extract on the expression of 225 genes. (beljanski.org)
- The Rauwolfia vomitoria extract significantly suppressed the growth and cell cycle progression of LNCaP cells, in vitro and in vivo . (beljanski.org)
- Rauwolfia vomitoria Extract (root) (std. (muscleandstrength.com)
Sarpagandha1
- Commonly known as sarpagandha in hindi and rauwolfia, this herb is very erect with a smooth stem. (pioneerherbal.com)
Medicinal plant1
- The tropical shrub, Rauwolfia vomitoria , is a medicinal plant used traditionally to treat a variety of ailments. (beljanski.org)
Extracts1
- Here we investigated 2 plant extracts from the medicinal plants Pao Pereira (Pao) and Rauwolfia vomitoria (Rau) each for their activities against ovarian CSCs. (nih.gov)
India1
- Rauwolfia particulary belongs to India, though the name refers to a 16th century German botanist and physician, Leonard Rauwolfia. (pioneerherbal.com)
Herb1
- Rauwolfia, an ancient herb known for its medicinal properties, has been used for centuries to effectively lower blood pressure levels. (pureorganic.ph)
Drugs1
- What sets Rauwolfia apart from conventional medications is its natural origin and minimal side effects compared to synthetic drugs. (pureorganic.ph)
Medications1
- However, it's important to note that Rauwolfia should be used under medical supervision due to its potential interactions with other medications and possible adverse effects on mental health. (pureorganic.ph)
Decrease2
- The active compounds found in Rauwolfia work by blocking certain receptors in the brain that regulate blood vessel constriction, leading to a decrease in blood pressure levels. (pureorganic.ph)
- Furthermore, studies suggest that regular use of Rauwolfia may contribute to a decrease in stress hormones such as cortisol. (pureorganic.ph)
Treatment1
- The expression of genes associated with DNA damage signaling pathway was up-regulated by Rauwolfia treatment, including that of GADD153 and MDG. (beljanski.org)
Properties1
- In addition to lowering blood pressure, Rauwolfia also possesses anti-inflammatory properties that can help protect against cardiovascular damage caused by chronic inflammation. (pureorganic.ph)
Helps1
- By promoting relaxation and widening of the blood vessels, Rauwolfia helps improve overall circulation and reduce strain on the heart. (pureorganic.ph)