DiseasesChemicals and DrugsAnalytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and EquipmentPsychiatry and PsychologyPhenomena and ProcessesDisciplines and OccupationsAnthropology, Education, Sociology and Social PhenomenaTechnology, Industry, AgricultureHumanitiesInformation ScienceNamed GroupsHealth CareGeographicals
Clinical Trials as TopicResearch DesignClinical Trials, Phase III as TopicDouble-Blind MethodTreatment OutcomeClinical Trials, Phase II as TopicClinical Trials, Phase I as TopicControlled Clinical Trials as TopicPeriodicals as TopicCongresses as TopicEvidence-Based MedicineTime FactorsReview Literature as TopicAbstracting and Indexing as TopicPatient SelectionTextbooks as TopicPlacebosClinical ProtocolsMulticenter Studies as TopicFollow-Up StudiesProspective StudiesPatient Education as TopicEarly Termination of Clinical TrialsSingle-Blind MethodGuidelines as TopicMeta-Analysis as TopicClinical Trials Data Monitoring CommitteesPractice Guidelines as TopicBenchmarkingTerminology as TopicDrug Administration ScheduleInterviews as TopicUnited StatesQuestionnairesNeoplasmsPilot ProjectsProgrammed Instruction as TopicClinical Trials, Phase IV as TopicQuality of LifeCost-Benefit AnalysisSample SizeDrug Therapy, CombinationOutcome Assessment (Health Care)Randomized Controlled Trials as TopicRisk FactorsBiomedical ResearchResearch Support as TopicHerbals as TopicAntineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy ProtocolsRisk AssessmentAntineoplastic AgentsCombined Modality TherapySeverity of Illness IndexSurvival AnalysisInternetPublishingPatient ComplianceBookplates as TopicBroadsides as TopicRecurrenceCurriculumFeasibility StudiesAdministration, OralDietary SupplementsResearchDose-Response Relationship, DrugWebcasts as TopicCross-Over StudiesResearch SubjectsIntention to Treat AnalysisManuscripts as TopicPatient SatisfactionDisease-Free SurvivalRandom AllocationReproducibility of ResultsProgram EvaluationCommunicationGreat BritainHealth Knowledge, Attitudes, PracticeSurvival RateExercise TherapyPain MeasurementBreast NeoplasmsData Interpretation, StatisticalData CollectionInformed ConsentPrognosisCognitive TherapyStrokePatient ParticipationHealth PromotionInfusions, IntravenousPregnancyTrial of LaborMEDLINEHealth EducationCounselingStatistics as TopicPlacebo EffectBibliometricsDisease ProgressionChronic DiseaseAnalysis of VarianceNetherlandsDrug EvaluationSocieties, MedicalDecision MakingMedical OncologyAlmanacs as TopicDrug IndustryTeachingInfant, NewbornEvaluation Studies as TopicHIV InfectionsBias (Epidemiology)Acute DiseasePainPrimary Health CareExerciseDatabases as TopicSafetyChemotherapy, AdjuvantAge FactorsDatabases, BibliographicIncunabula as TopicDrug CombinationsAttitude of Health PersonnelKaplan-Meier EstimateCanadaMotivationLung NeoplasmsTreatment FailureClinical CompetenceCorrespondence as TopicEuropeQualitative ResearchCluster AnalysisPublication BiasResearch PersonnelArchitecture as TopicSelf CarePhysician-Patient RelationsBiological MarkersAlgorithmsDrug-Related Side Effects and Adverse ReactionsRetrospective StudiesGermanyPredictive Value of TestsRisk Reduction BehaviorPatient DropoutsEducation, Medical, ContinuingIncidenceEducationPragmatic Clinical Trials as TopicUnited States Food and Drug AdministrationFocus GroupsNeoplasm StagingMyocardial InfarctionAustraliaTherapeutic Human ExperimentationChi-Square DistributionPostoperative ComplicationsFluorouracilPhysical Therapy ModalitiesAntibodies, MonoclonalPhytotherapyEthics, MedicalPublicationsHealth Care CostsInformation Storage and RetrievalDrug ApprovalMass ScreeningCohort StudiesNewspapersCardiovascular DiseasesStatistics, NonparametricModels, StatisticalTherapy, Computer-AssistedAntibodies, Monoclonal, HumanizedHistory, 20th CenturyRecovery of FunctionInternationalitySmoking CessationProgram DevelopmentComputer-Assisted InstructionPaclitaxelAnticoagulantsBehavior TherapyEducation, MedicalPain ManagementAnti-Bacterial AgentsPubMedPhysiologyProportional Hazards ModelsCookbooks as TopicDietLearningCisplatinDrugs, InvestigationalNeoplasm Recurrence, LocalTelephone
Clinical Trials as Topic: Works about pre-planned studies of the safety, efficacy, or optimum dosage schedule (if appropriate) of one or more diagnostic, therapeutic, or prophylactic drugs, devices, or techniques selected according to predetermined criteria of eligibility and observed for predefined evidence of favorable and unfavorable effects. This concept includes clinical trials conducted both in the U.S. and in other countries.Research Design: A plan for collecting and utilizing data so that desired information can be obtained with sufficient precision or so that an hypothesis can be tested properly.Clinical Trials, Phase III as Topic: Works about comparative studies to verify the effectiveness of diagnostic, therapeutic, or prophylactic drugs, devices, or techniques determined in phase II studies. During these trials, patients are monitored closely by physicians to identify any adverse reactions from long-term use. These studies are performed on groups of patients large enough to identify clinically significant responses and usually last about three years. This concept includes phase III studies conducted in both the U.S. and in other countries.Double-Blind Method: A method of studying a drug or procedure in which both the subjects and investigators are kept unaware of who is actually getting which specific treatment.Treatment Outcome: Evaluation undertaken to assess the results or consequences of management and procedures used in combating disease in order to determine the efficacy, effectiveness, safety, and practicability of these interventions in individual cases or series.Clinical Trials, Phase II as Topic: Works about studies that are usually controlled to assess the effectiveness and dosage (if appropriate) of diagnostic, therapeutic, or prophylactic drugs, devices, or techniques. These studies are performed on several hundred volunteers, including a limited number of patients with the target disease or disorder, and last about two years. This concept includes phase II studies conducted in both the U.S. and in other countries.Clinical Trials, Phase I as Topic: Works about studies performed to evaluate the safety of diagnostic, therapeutic, or prophylactic drugs, devices, or techniques in healthy subjects and to determine the safe dosage range (if appropriate). These tests also are used to determine pharmacologic and pharmacokinetic properties (toxicity, metabolism, absorption, elimination, and preferred route of administration). They involve a small number of persons and usually last about 1 year. This concept includes phase I studies conducted both in the U.S. and in other countries.Controlled Clinical Trials as Topic: Works about clinical trials involving one or more test treatments, at least one control treatment, specified outcome measures for evaluating the studied intervention, and a bias-free method for assigning patients to the test treatment. The treatment may be drugs, devices, or procedures studied for diagnostic, therapeutic, or prophylactic effectiveness. Control measures include placebos, active medicines, no-treatment, dosage forms and regimens, historical comparisons, etc. When randomization using mathematical techniques, such as the use of a random numbers table, is employed to assign patients to test or control treatments, the trials are characterized as RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIALS AS TOPIC.Periodicals as Topic: A publication issued at stated, more or less regular, intervals.Congresses as Topic: Conferences, conventions or formal meetings usually attended by delegates representing a special field of interest.Evidence-Based Medicine: An approach of practicing medicine with the goal to improve and evaluate patient care. It requires the judicious integration of best research evidence with the patient's values to make decisions about medical care. This method is to help physicians make proper diagnosis, devise best testing plan, choose best treatment and methods of disease prevention, as well as develop guidelines for large groups of patients with the same disease. (from JAMA 296 (9), 2006)Time Factors: Elements of limited time intervals, contributing to particular results or situations.Review Literature as Topic: Published materials which provide an examination of recent or current literature. Review articles can cover a wide range of subject matter at various levels of completeness and comprehensiveness based on analyses of literature that may include research findings. The review may reflect the state of the art. It also includes reviews as a literary form.Abstracting and Indexing as Topic: Activities performed to identify concepts and aspects of published information and research reports.Patient Selection: Criteria and standards used for the determination of the appropriateness of the inclusion of patients with specific conditions in proposed treatment plans and the criteria used for the inclusion of subjects in various clinical trials and other research protocols.Textbooks as Topic: Books used in the study of a subject that contain a systematic presentation of the principles and vocabulary of a subject.Placebos: Any dummy medication or treatment. Although placebos originally were medicinal preparations having no specific pharmacological activity against a targeted condition, the concept has been extended to include treatments or procedures, especially those administered to control groups in clinical trials in order to provide baseline measurements for the experimental protocol.Clinical Protocols: Precise and detailed plans for the study of a medical or biomedical problem and/or plans for a regimen of therapy.Multicenter Studies as Topic: Works about controlled studies which are planned and carried out by several cooperating institutions to assess certain variables and outcomes in specific patient populations, for example, a multicenter study of congenital anomalies in children.Follow-Up Studies: Studies in which individuals or populations are followed to assess the outcome of exposures, procedures, or effects of a characteristic, e.g., occurrence of disease.Prospective Studies: Observation of a population for a sufficient number of persons over a sufficient number of years to generate incidence or mortality rates subsequent to the selection of the study group.Patient Education as Topic: The teaching or training of patients concerning their own health needs.Early Termination of Clinical Trials: Earlier than planned termination of clinical trials.Single-Blind Method: A method in which either the observer(s) or the subject(s) is kept ignorant of the group to which the subjects are assigned.Guidelines as Topic: A systematic statement of policy rules or principles. Guidelines may be developed by government agencies at any level, institutions, professional societies, governing boards, or by convening expert panels. The text may be cursive or in outline form but is generally a comprehensive guide to problems and approaches in any field of activity. For guidelines in the field of health care and clinical medicine, PRACTICE GUIDELINES AS TOPIC is available.Meta-Analysis as Topic: A quantitative method of combining the results of independent studies (usually drawn from the published literature) and synthesizing summaries and conclusions which may be used to evaluate therapeutic effectiveness, plan new studies, etc., with application chiefly in the areas of research and medicine.Clinical Trials Data Monitoring Committees: Committees established to review interim data and efficacy outcomes in clinical trials. The findings of these committees are used in deciding whether a trial should be continued as designed, changed, or terminated. Government regulations regarding federally-funded research involving human subjects (the "Common Rule") require (45 CFR 46.111) that research ethics committees reviewing large-scale clinical trials monitor the data collected using a mechanism such as a data monitoring committee. FDA regulations (21 CFR 50.24) require that such committees be established to monitor studies conducted in emergency settings.Practice Guidelines as Topic: Directions or principles presenting current or future rules of policy for assisting health care practitioners in patient care decisions regarding diagnosis, therapy, or related clinical circumstances. The guidelines may be developed by government agencies at any level, institutions, professional societies, governing boards, or by the convening of expert panels. The guidelines form a basis for the evaluation of all aspects of health care and delivery.Benchmarking: Method of measuring performance against established standards of best practice.Terminology as Topic: The terms, expressions, designations, or symbols used in a particular science, discipline, or specialized subject area.Drug Administration Schedule: Time schedule for administration of a drug in order to achieve optimum effectiveness and convenience.Interviews as Topic: Conversations with an individual or individuals held in order to obtain information about their background and other personal biographical data, their attitudes and opinions, etc. It includes school admission or job interviews.United StatesQuestionnaires: Predetermined sets of questions used to collect data - clinical data, social status, occupational group, etc. The term is often applied to a self-completed survey instrument.Neoplasms: New abnormal growth of tissue. Malignant neoplasms show a greater degree of anaplasia and have the properties of invasion and metastasis, compared to benign neoplasms.Pilot Projects: Small-scale tests of methods and procedures to be used on a larger scale if the pilot study demonstrates that these methods and procedures can work.Programmed Instruction as Topic: Instruction in which learners progress at their own rate using workbooks, textbooks, or electromechanical devices that provide information in discrete steps, test learning at each step, and provide immediate feedback about achievement. (ERIC, Thesaurus of ERIC Descriptors, 1996).Clinical Trials, Phase IV as Topic: Planned post-marketing studies of diagnostic, therapeutic, or prophylactic drugs, devices, or techniques that have been approved for general sale. These studies are often conducted to obtain additional data about the safety and efficacy of a product. This concept includes phase IV studies conducted in both the U.S. and in other countries.Quality of Life: A generic concept reflecting concern with the modification and enhancement of life attributes, e.g., physical, political, moral and social environment; the overall condition of a human life.Cost-Benefit Analysis: A method of comparing the cost of a program with its expected benefits in dollars (or other currency). The benefit-to-cost ratio is a measure of total return expected per unit of money spent. This analysis generally excludes consideration of factors that are not measured ultimately in economic terms. Cost effectiveness compares alternative ways to achieve a specific set of results.Sample Size: The number of units (persons, animals, patients, specified circumstances, etc.) in a population to be studied. The sample size should be big enough to have a high likelihood of detecting a true difference between two groups. (From Wassertheil-Smoller, Biostatistics and Epidemiology, 1990, p95)Drug Therapy, Combination: Therapy with two or more separate preparations given for a combined effect.Outcome Assessment (Health Care): Research aimed at assessing the quality and effectiveness of health care as measured by the attainment of a specified end result or outcome. Measures include parameters such as improved health, lowered morbidity or mortality, and improvement of abnormal states (such as elevated blood pressure).Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic: Works about clinical trials that involve at least one test treatment and one control treatment, concurrent enrollment and follow-up of the test- and control-treated groups, and in which the treatments to be administered are selected by a random process, such as the use of a random-numbers table.Risk Factors: An aspect of personal behavior or lifestyle, environmental exposure, or inborn or inherited characteristic, which, on the basis of epidemiologic evidence, is known to be associated with a health-related condition considered important to prevent.Biomedical Research: Research that involves the application of the natural sciences, especially biology and physiology, to medicine.Research Support as Topic: Financial support of research activities.Herbals as Topic: Works about books, articles or other publications on herbs or plants describing their medicinal value.Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols: The use of two or more chemicals simultaneously or sequentially in the drug therapy of neoplasms. The drugs need not be in the same dosage form.Risk Assessment: The qualitative or quantitative estimation of the likelihood of adverse effects that may result from exposure to specified health hazards or from the absence of beneficial influences. (Last, Dictionary of Epidemiology, 1988)Antineoplastic Agents: Substances that inhibit or prevent the proliferation of NEOPLASMS.Combined Modality Therapy: The treatment of a disease or condition by several different means simultaneously or sequentially. Chemoimmunotherapy, RADIOIMMUNOTHERAPY, chemoradiotherapy, cryochemotherapy, and SALVAGE THERAPY are seen most frequently, but their combinations with each other and surgery are also used.Severity of Illness Index: Levels within a diagnostic group which are established by various measurement criteria applied to the seriousness of a patient's disorder.Survival Analysis: A class of statistical procedures for estimating the survival function (function of time, starting with a population 100% well at a given time and providing the percentage of the population still well at later times). The survival analysis is then used for making inferences about the effects of treatments, prognostic factors, exposures, and other covariates on the function.Internet: A loose confederation of computer communication networks around the world. The networks that make up the Internet are connected through several backbone networks. The Internet grew out of the US Government ARPAnet project and was designed to facilitate information exchange.Publishing: "The business or profession of the commercial production and issuance of literature" (Webster's 3d). It includes the publisher, publication processes, editing and editors. Production may be by conventional printing methods or by electronic publishing.Patient Compliance: Voluntary cooperation of the patient in following a prescribed regimen.Bookplates as Topic: Labels pasted in books to mark their ownership and sometimes to indicate their location in a library. Private bookplates are often ornate or artistic: simpler and smaller ones bearing merely the owner's name are called "book labels." They are usually pasted on the front endpaper of books. (From Harrod, The Librarians' Glossary and Reference Book, 4th rev ed & Random House Unabridged Dictionary, 2d ed)Broadsides as Topic: Published pieces of paper or other material, usually printed on one side and intended to be read unfolded and usually intended to be posted, publicly distributed, or sold. (From Genre Terms: A Thesaurus for Use in Rare Book and Special Collections Cataloguing, 2d ed)Recurrence: The return of a sign, symptom, or disease after a remission.Curriculum: A course of study offered by an educational institution.Feasibility Studies: Studies to determine the advantages or disadvantages, practicability, or capability of accomplishing a projected plan, study, or project.Administration, Oral: The giving of drugs, chemicals, or other substances by mouth.Dietary Supplements: Products in capsule, tablet or liquid form that provide dietary ingredients, and that are intended to be taken by mouth to increase the intake of nutrients. Dietary supplements can include macronutrients, such as proteins, carbohydrates, and fats; and/or MICRONUTRIENTS, such as VITAMINS; MINERALS; and PHYTOCHEMICALS.Research: Critical and exhaustive investigation or experimentation, having for its aim the discovery of new facts and their correct interpretation, the revision of accepted conclusions, theories, or laws in the light of newly discovered facts, or the practical application of such new or revised conclusions, theories, or laws. (Webster, 3d ed)Dose-Response Relationship, Drug: The relationship between the dose of an administered drug and the response of the organism to the drug.Webcasts as Topic: Transmission of live or pre-recorded audio or video content via connection or download from the INTERNET.Cross-Over Studies: Studies comparing two or more treatments or interventions in which the subjects or patients, upon completion of the course of one treatment, are switched to another. In the case of two treatments, A and B, half the subjects are randomly allocated to receive these in the order A, B and half to receive them in the order B, A. A criticism of this design is that effects of the first treatment may carry over into the period when the second is given. (Last, A Dictionary of Epidemiology, 2d ed)Research Subjects: Persons who are enrolled in research studies or who are otherwise the subjects of research.Intention to Treat Analysis: Strategy for the analysis of RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIALS AS TOPIC that compares patients in the groups to which they were originally randomly assigned.Manuscripts as Topic: Compositions written by hand, as one written before the invention or adoption of printing. A manuscript may also refer to a handwritten copy of an ancient author. A manuscript may be handwritten or typewritten as distinguished from a printed copy, especially the copy of a writer's work from which printed copies are made. (Webster, 3d ed)Patient Satisfaction: The degree to which the individual regards the health care service or product or the manner in which it is delivered by the provider as useful, effective, or beneficial.Disease-Free Survival: Period after successful treatment in which there is no appearance of the symptoms or effects of the disease.Random Allocation: A process involving chance used in therapeutic trials or other research endeavor for allocating experimental subjects, human or animal, between treatment and control groups, or among treatment groups. It may also apply to experiments on inanimate objects.Reproducibility of Results: The statistical reproducibility of measurements (often in a clinical context), including the testing of instrumentation or techniques to obtain reproducible results. The concept includes reproducibility of physiological measurements, which may be used to develop rules to assess probability or prognosis, or response to a stimulus; reproducibility of occurrence of a condition; and reproducibility of experimental results.Program Evaluation: Studies designed to assess the efficacy of programs. They may include the evaluation of cost-effectiveness, the extent to which objectives are met, or impact.Communication: The exchange or transmission of ideas, attitudes, or beliefs between individuals or groups.Great BritainHealth Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice: Knowledge, attitudes, and associated behaviors which pertain to health-related topics such as PATHOLOGIC PROCESSES or diseases, their prevention, and treatment. This term refers to non-health workers and health workers (HEALTH PERSONNEL).Survival Rate: The proportion of survivors in a group, e.g., of patients, studied and followed over a period, or the proportion of persons in a specified group alive at the beginning of a time interval who survive to the end of the interval. It is often studied using life table methods.Exercise Therapy: A regimen or plan of physical activities designed and prescribed for specific therapeutic goals. Its purpose is to restore normal musculoskeletal function or to reduce pain caused by diseases or injuries.Pain Measurement: Scales, questionnaires, tests, and other methods used to assess pain severity and duration in patients or experimental animals to aid in diagnosis, therapy, and physiological studies.Breast Neoplasms: Tumors or cancer of the human BREAST.Data Interpretation, Statistical: Application of statistical procedures to analyze specific observed or assumed facts from a particular study.Data Collection: Systematic gathering of data for a particular purpose from various sources, including questionnaires, interviews, observation, existing records, and electronic devices. The process is usually preliminary to statistical analysis of the data.Informed Consent: Voluntary authorization, by a patient or research subject, with full comprehension of the risks involved, for diagnostic or investigative procedures, and for medical and surgical treatment.Prognosis: A prediction of the probable outcome of a disease based on a individual's condition and the usual course of the disease as seen in similar situations.Cognitive Therapy: A direct form of psychotherapy based on the interpretation of situations (cognitive structure of experiences) that determine how an individual feels and behaves. It is based on the premise that cognition, the process of acquiring knowledge and forming beliefs, is a primary determinant of mood and behavior. The therapy uses behavioral and verbal techniques to identify and correct negative thinking that is at the root of the aberrant behavior.Stroke: A group of pathological conditions characterized by sudden, non-convulsive loss of neurological function due to BRAIN ISCHEMIA or INTRACRANIAL HEMORRHAGES. Stroke is classified by the type of tissue NECROSIS, such as the anatomic location, vasculature involved, etiology, age of the affected individual, and hemorrhagic vs. non-hemorrhagic nature. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp777-810)Patient Participation: Patient involvement in the decision-making process in matters pertaining to health.Health Promotion: Encouraging consumer behaviors most likely to optimize health potentials (physical and psychosocial) through health information, preventive programs, and access to medical care.Infusions, Intravenous: The long-term (minutes to hours) administration of a fluid into the vein through venipuncture, either by letting the fluid flow by gravity or by pumping it.Pregnancy: The status during which female mammals carry their developing young (EMBRYOS or FETUSES) in utero before birth, beginning from FERTILIZATION to BIRTH.Trial of Labor: Allowing a woman to be in LABOR, OBSTETRIC long enough to determine if vaginal birth may be anticipated.MEDLINE: The premier bibliographic database of the NATIONAL LIBRARY OF MEDICINE. MEDLINE® (MEDLARS Online) is the primary subset of PUBMED and can be searched on NLM's Web site in PubMed or the NLM Gateway. MEDLINE references are indexed with MEDICAL SUBJECT HEADINGS (MeSH).Health Education: Education that increases the awareness and favorably influences the attitudes and knowledge relating to the improvement of health on a personal or community basis.Counseling: The giving of advice and assistance to individuals with educational or personal problems.Statistics as Topic: The science and art of collecting, summarizing, and analyzing data that are subject to random variation. The term is also applied to the data themselves and to the summarization of the data.Placebo Effect: An effect usually, but not necessarily, beneficial that is attributable to an expectation that the regimen will have an effect, i.e., the effect is due to the power of suggestion.Bibliometrics: The use of statistical methods in the analysis of a body of literature to reveal the historical development of subject fields and patterns of authorship, publication, and use. Formerly called statistical bibliography. (from The ALA Glossary of Library and Information Science, 1983)Disease Progression: The worsening of a disease over time. This concept is most often used for chronic and incurable diseases where the stage of the disease is an important determinant of therapy and prognosis.Chronic Disease: Diseases which have one or more of the following characteristics: they are permanent, leave residual disability, are caused by nonreversible pathological alteration, require special training of the patient for rehabilitation, or may be expected to require a long period of supervision, observation, or care. (Dictionary of Health Services Management, 2d ed)Analysis of Variance: A statistical technique that isolates and assesses the contributions of categorical independent variables to variation in the mean of a continuous dependent variable.Netherlands: Country located in EUROPE. It is bordered by the NORTH SEA, BELGIUM, and GERMANY. Constituent areas are Aruba, Curacao, Sint Maarten, formerly included in the NETHERLANDS ANTILLES.Drug Evaluation: Any process by which toxicity, metabolism, absorption, elimination, preferred route of administration, safe dosage range, etc., for a drug or group of drugs is determined through clinical assessment in humans or veterinary animals.Societies, Medical: Societies whose membership is limited to physicians.Decision Making: The process of making a selective intellectual judgment when presented with several complex alternatives consisting of several variables, and usually defining a course of action or an idea.Medical Oncology: A subspecialty of internal medicine concerned with the study of neoplasms.Almanacs as Topic: Publications, usually annual, containing a calendar for the coming year, the times of such events and phenomena as anniversaries, sunrises, sunsets, phases of the moon, tides, meteorological, and other statistical information and related topics. Almanacs are also annual reference books of useful and interesting facts relating to countries of the world, sports, entertainment, population groups, etc. (Random House Unabridged Dictionary, 2d ed)Drug Industry: That segment of commercial enterprise devoted to the design, development, and manufacture of chemical products for use in the diagnosis and treatment of disease, disability, or other dysfunction, or to improve function.Teaching: The educational process of instructing.Infant, Newborn: An infant during the first month after birth.Evaluation Studies as Topic: Studies determining the effectiveness or value of processes, personnel, and equipment, or the material on conducting such studies. For drugs and devices, CLINICAL TRIALS AS TOPIC; DRUG EVALUATION; and DRUG EVALUATION, PRECLINICAL are available.HIV Infections: Includes the spectrum of human immunodeficiency virus infections that range from asymptomatic seropositivity, thru AIDS-related complex (ARC), to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS).Bias (Epidemiology): Any deviation of results or inferences from the truth, or processes leading to such deviation. Bias can result from several sources: one-sided or systematic variations in measurement from the true value (systematic error); flaws in study design; deviation of inferences, interpretations, or analyses based on flawed data or data collection; etc. There is no sense of prejudice or subjectivity implied in the assessment of bias under these conditions.Acute Disease: Disease having a short and relatively severe course.Pain: An unpleasant sensation induced by noxious stimuli which are detected by NERVE ENDINGS of NOCICEPTIVE NEURONS.Primary Health Care: Care which provides integrated, accessible health care services by clinicians who are accountable for addressing a large majority of personal health care needs, developing a sustained partnership with patients, and practicing in the context of family and community. (JAMA 1995;273(3):192)Exercise: Physical activity which is usually regular and done with the intention of improving or maintaining PHYSICAL FITNESS or HEALTH. Contrast with PHYSICAL EXERTION which is concerned largely with the physiologic and metabolic response to energy expenditure.Databases as Topic: Organized collections of computer records, standardized in format and content, that are stored in any of a variety of computer-readable modes. They are the basic sets of data from which computer-readable files are created. (from ALA Glossary of Library and Information Science, 1983)Safety: Freedom from exposure to danger and protection from the occurrence or risk of injury or loss. It suggests optimal precautions in the workplace, on the street, in the home, etc., and includes personal safety as well as the safety of property.Chemotherapy, Adjuvant: Drug therapy given to augment or stimulate some other form of treatment such as surgery or radiation therapy. Adjuvant chemotherapy is commonly used in the therapy of cancer and can be administered before or after the primary treatment.Age Factors: Age as a constituent element or influence contributing to the production of a result. It may be applicable to the cause or the effect of a circumstance. It is used with human or animal concepts but should be differentiated from AGING, a physiological process, and TIME FACTORS which refers only to the passage of time.Databases, Bibliographic: Extensive collections, reputedly complete, of references and citations to books, articles, publications, etc., generally on a single subject or specialized subject area. Databases can operate through automated files, libraries, or computer disks. The concept should be differentiated from DATABASES, FACTUAL which is used for collections of data and facts apart from bibliographic references to them.Incunabula as Topic: Books printed before 1501.Drug Combinations: Single preparations containing two or more active agents, for the purpose of their concurrent administration as a fixed dose mixture.Attitude of Health Personnel: Attitudes of personnel toward their patients, other professionals, toward the medical care system, etc.Kaplan-Meier Estimate: A nonparametric method of compiling LIFE TABLES or survival tables. It combines calculated probabilities of survival and estimates to allow for observations occurring beyond a measurement threshold, which are assumed to occur randomly. Time intervals are defined as ending each time an event occurs and are therefore unequal. (From Last, A Dictionary of Epidemiology, 1995)Canada: The largest country in North America, comprising 10 provinces and three territories. Its capital is Ottawa.Motivation: Those factors which cause an organism to behave or act in either a goal-seeking or satisfying manner. They may be influenced by physiological drives or by external stimuli.Lung Neoplasms: Tumors or cancer of the LUNG.Treatment Failure: A measure of the quality of health care by assessment of unsuccessful results of management and procedures used in combating disease, in individual cases or series.Clinical Competence: The capability to perform acceptably those duties directly related to patient care.Correspondence as Topic: Communication between persons or between institutions or organizations by an exchange of letters. Its use in indexing and cataloging will generally figure in historical and biographical material.EuropeQualitative Research: Any type of research that employs nonnumeric information to explore individual or group characteristics, producing findings not arrived at by statistical procedures or other quantitative means. (Qualitative Inquiry: A Dictionary of Terms Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications, 1997)Cluster Analysis: A set of statistical methods used to group variables or observations into strongly inter-related subgroups. In epidemiology, it may be used to analyze a closely grouped series of events or cases of disease or other health-related phenomenon with well-defined distribution patterns in relation to time or place or both.Publication Bias: The influence of study results on the chances of publication and the tendency of investigators, reviewers, and editors to submit or accept manuscripts for publication based on the direction or strength of the study findings. Publication bias has an impact on the interpretation of clinical trials and meta-analyses. Bias can be minimized by insistence by editors on high-quality research, thorough literature reviews, acknowledgement of conflicts of interest, modification of peer review practices, etc.Research Personnel: Those individuals engaged in research.Architecture as Topic: The art and science of designing buildings and structures. More generally, it is the design of the total built environment, including town planning, urban design, and landscape architecture.Self Care: Performance of activities or tasks traditionally performed by professional health care providers. The concept includes care of oneself or one's family and friends.Physician-Patient Relations: The interactions between physician and patient.Biological Markers: Measurable and quantifiable biological parameters (e.g., specific enzyme concentration, specific hormone concentration, specific gene phenotype distribution in a population, presence of biological substances) which serve as indices for health- and physiology-related assessments, such as disease risk, psychiatric disorders, environmental exposure and its effects, disease diagnosis, metabolic processes, substance abuse, pregnancy, cell line development, epidemiologic studies, etc.Algorithms: A procedure consisting of a sequence of algebraic formulas and/or logical steps to calculate or determine a given task.Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions: Disorders that result from the intended use of PHARMACEUTICAL PREPARATIONS. Included in this heading are a broad variety of chemically-induced adverse conditions due to toxicity, DRUG INTERACTIONS, and metabolic effects of pharmaceuticals.Retrospective Studies: Studies used to test etiologic hypotheses in which inferences about an exposure to putative causal factors are derived from data relating to characteristics of persons under study or to events or experiences in their past. The essential feature is that some of the persons under study have the disease or outcome of interest and their characteristics are compared with those of unaffected persons.GermanyPredictive Value of Tests: In screening and diagnostic tests, the probability that a person with a positive test is a true positive (i.e., has the disease), is referred to as the predictive value of a positive test; whereas, the predictive value of a negative test is the probability that the person with a negative test does not have the disease. Predictive value is related to the sensitivity and specificity of the test.Risk Reduction Behavior: Reduction of high-risk choices and adoption of low-risk quantity and frequency alternatives.Patient Dropouts: Discontinuance of care received by patient(s) due to reasons other than full recovery from the disease.Education, Medical, Continuing: Educational programs designed to inform physicians of recent advances in their field.Incidence: The number of new cases of a given disease during a given period in a specified population. It also is used for the rate at which new events occur in a defined population. It is differentiated from PREVALENCE, which refers to all cases, new or old, in the population at a given time.Education: Acquisition of knowledge as a result of instruction in a formal course of study.Pragmatic Clinical Trials as Topic: Works about randomized clinical trials that compare interventions in clinical settings and which look at a range of effectiveness outcomes and impacts.United States Food and Drug Administration: An agency of the PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE concerned with the overall planning, promoting, and administering of programs pertaining to maintaining standards of quality of foods, drugs, therapeutic devices, etc.Focus Groups: A method of data collection and a QUALITATIVE RESEARCH tool in which a small group of individuals are brought together and allowed to interact in a discussion of their opinions about topics, issues, or questions.Neoplasm Staging: Methods which attempt to express in replicable terms the extent of the neoplasm in the patient.Myocardial Infarction: NECROSIS of the MYOCARDIUM caused by an obstruction of the blood supply to the heart (CORONARY CIRCULATION).Australia: The smallest continent and an independent country, comprising six states and two territories. Its capital is Canberra.Therapeutic Human Experimentation: Human experimentation that is intended to benefit the subjects on whom it is performed.Chi-Square Distribution: A distribution in which a variable is distributed like the sum of the squares of any given independent random variable, each of which has a normal distribution with mean of zero and variance of one. The chi-square test is a statistical test based on comparison of a test statistic to a chi-square distribution. The oldest of these tests are used to detect whether two or more population distributions differ from one another.Postoperative Complications: Pathologic processes that affect patients after a surgical procedure. They may or may not be related to the disease for which the surgery was done, and they may or may not be direct results of the surgery.Fluorouracil: A pyrimidine analog that is an antineoplastic antimetabolite. It interferes with DNA synthesis by blocking the THYMIDYLATE SYNTHETASE conversion of deoxyuridylic acid to thymidylic acid.Physical Therapy Modalities: Therapeutic modalities frequently used in PHYSICAL THERAPY SPECIALTY by PHYSICAL THERAPISTS or physiotherapists to promote, maintain, or restore the physical and physiological well-being of an individual.Antibodies, Monoclonal: Antibodies produced by a single clone of cells.Phytotherapy: Use of plants or herbs to treat diseases or to alleviate pain.Ethics, Medical: The principles of professional conduct concerning the rights and duties of the physician, relations with patients and fellow practitioners, as well as actions of the physician in patient care and interpersonal relations with patient families.Publications: Copies of a work or document distributed to the public by sale, rental, lease, or lending. (From ALA Glossary of Library and Information Science, 1983, p181)Health Care Costs: The actual costs of providing services related to the delivery of health care, including the costs of procedures, therapies, and medications. It is differentiated from HEALTH EXPENDITURES, which refers to the amount of money paid for the services, and from fees, which refers to the amount charged, regardless of cost.Information Storage and Retrieval: Organized activities related to the storage, location, search, and retrieval of information.Drug Approval: Process that is gone through in order for a drug to receive approval by a government regulatory agency. This includes any required pre-clinical or clinical testing, review, submission, and evaluation of the applications and test results, and post-marketing surveillance of the drug.Mass Screening: Organized periodic procedures performed on large groups of people for the purpose of detecting disease.Cohort Studies: Studies in which subsets of a defined population are identified. These groups may or may not be exposed to factors hypothesized to influence the probability of the occurrence of a particular disease or other outcome. Cohorts are defined populations which, as a whole, are followed in an attempt to determine distinguishing subgroup characteristics.Newspapers: Publications printed and distributed daily, weekly, or at some other regular and usually short interval, containing news, articles of opinion (as editorials and letters), features, advertising, and announcements of current interest. (Webster's 3d ed)Cardiovascular Diseases: Pathological conditions involving the CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM including the HEART; the BLOOD VESSELS; or the PERICARDIUM.Statistics, Nonparametric: A class of statistical methods applicable to a large set of probability distributions used to test for correlation, location, independence, etc. In most nonparametric statistical tests, the original scores or observations are replaced by another variable containing less information. An important class of nonparametric tests employs the ordinal properties of the data. Another class of tests uses information about whether an observation is above or below some fixed value such as the median, and a third class is based on the frequency of the occurrence of runs in the data. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed, p1284; Corsini, Concise Encyclopedia of Psychology, 1987, p764-5)Models, Statistical: Statistical formulations or analyses which, when applied to data and found to fit the data, are then used to verify the assumptions and parameters used in the analysis. Examples of statistical models are the linear model, binomial model, polynomial model, two-parameter model, etc.Therapy, Computer-Assisted: Computer systems utilized as adjuncts in the treatment of disease.Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized: Antibodies from non-human species whose protein sequences have been modified to make them nearly identical with human antibodies. If the constant region and part of the variable region are replaced, they are called humanized. If only the constant region is modified they are called chimeric. INN names for humanized antibodies end in -zumab.History, 20th Century: Time period from 1901 through 2000 of the common era.Recovery of Function: A partial or complete return to the normal or proper physiologic activity of an organ or part following disease or trauma.Internationality: The quality or state of relating to or affecting two or more nations. (After Merriam-Webster Collegiate Dictionary, 10th ed)Smoking Cessation: Discontinuation of the habit of smoking, the inhaling and exhaling of tobacco smoke.Program Development: The process of formulating, improving, and expanding educational, managerial, or service-oriented work plans (excluding computer program development).Computer-Assisted Instruction: A self-learning technique, usually online, involving interaction of the student with programmed instructional materials.Paclitaxel: A cyclodecane isolated from the bark of the Pacific yew tree, TAXUS BREVIFOLIA. It stabilizes MICROTUBULES in their polymerized form leading to cell death.Anticoagulants: Agents that prevent clotting.Behavior Therapy: The application of modern theories of learning and conditioning in the treatment of behavior disorders.Education, Medical: Use for general articles concerning medical education.Pain Management: A form of therapy that employs a coordinated and interdisciplinary approach for easing the suffering and improving the quality of life of those experiencing pain.Anti-Bacterial Agents: Substances that reduce the growth or reproduction of BACTERIA.PubMed: A bibliographic database that includes MEDLINE as its primary subset. It is produced by the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI), part of the NATIONAL LIBRARY OF MEDICINE. PubMed, which is searchable through NLM's Web site, also includes access to additional citations to selected life sciences journals not in MEDLINE, and links to other resources such as the full-text of articles at participating publishers' Web sites, NCBI's molecular biology databases, and PubMed Central.Physiology: The biological science concerned with the life-supporting properties, functions, and processes of living organisms or their parts.Proportional Hazards Models: Statistical models used in survival analysis that assert that the effect of the study factors on the hazard rate in the study population is multiplicative and does not change over time.Cookbooks as Topic: Set of instructions about how to prepare food for eating using specific instructions.Diet: Regular course of eating and drinking adopted by a person or animal.Learning: Relatively permanent change in behavior that is the result of past experience or practice. The concept includes the acquisition of knowledge.Cisplatin: An inorganic and water-soluble platinum complex. After undergoing hydrolysis, it reacts with DNA to produce both intra and interstrand crosslinks. These crosslinks appear to impair replication and transcription of DNA. The cytotoxicity of cisplatin correlates with cellular arrest in the G2 phase of the cell cycle.Drugs, Investigational: Drugs which have received FDA approval for human testing but have yet to be approved for commercial marketing. This includes drugs used for treatment while they still are undergoing clinical trials (Treatment IND). The main heading includes drugs under investigation in foreign countries.Neoplasm Recurrence, Local: The local recurrence of a neoplasm following treatment. It arises from microscopic cells of the original neoplasm that have escaped therapeutic intervention and later become clinically visible at the original site.Telephone: An instrument for reproducing sounds especially articulate speech at a distance. (Webster, 3rd ed)

Colon and rectal anastomoses do not require routine drainage: a systematic review and meta-analysis. (1/12901)

OBJECTIVE: Many surgeons continue to place a prophylactic drain in the pelvis after completion of a colorectal anastomosis, despite considerable evidence that this practice may not be useful. The authors conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials to determine if placement of a drain after a colonic or rectal anastomosis can reduce the rate of complications. METHODS: A search of the Medline database of English-language articles published from 1987 to 1997 was conducted using the terms "colon," "rectum," "postoperative complications," "surgical anastomosis," and "drainage." A manual search was also conducted. Four randomized controlled trials, including a total of 414 patients, were identified that compared the routine use of drainage of colonic and/or rectal anastomoses to no drainage. Two reviewers assessed the trials independently. Trial quality was critically appraised using a previously published scale, and data on mortality, clinical and radiologic anastomotic leakage rate, wound infection rate, and major complication rate were extracted. RESULTS: The overall quality of the studies was poor. Use of a drain did not significantly affect the rate of any of the outcomes examined, although the power of this analysis to exclude any difference was low. Comparison of pooled results revealed an odds ratio for clinical leak of 1.5 favoring the control (no drain) group. Of the 20 observed leaks among all four studies that occurred in a patient with a drain in place, in only one case (5%) did pus or enteric content actually appear in the effluent of the existing drain. CONCLUSIONS: Any significant benefit of routine drainage of colon and rectal anastomoses in reducing the rate of anastomotic leakage or other surgical complications can be excluded with more confidence based on pooled data than by the individual trials alone. Additional well-designed randomized controlled trials would further reinforce this conclusion.  (+info)

The effect of chronic coffee drinking on blood pressure: a meta-analysis of controlled clinical trials. (2/12901)

We sought to assess the effect of coffee consumption on blood pressure in humans. Our data sources included a MEDLINE search of the literature published before December 1997, bibliography review, and expert consultation. We selected controlled trials in which coffee consumption was the only difference between the intervention and control groups, mean blood pressure change was reported for each group or period, and treatment lasted for >24 hours. Of 36 studies initially identified, 11 (522 participants) met these inclusion criteria. Information on sample size, study design, participant characteristics (gender, race, age, baseline blood pressure, and antihypertensive medications), and treatment results were abstracted by 3 reviewers using a standardized protocol. Treatment effect of coffee consumption on blood pressure was estimated with the use of a random-effects model. In the 11 trials, median duration was 56 days (range, 14 to 79 days), and median dose of coffee was 5 cups/d. Systolic and diastolic blood pressure increased by 2.4 (range, 1.0 to 3.7) mm Hg and 1.2 (range, 0.4 to 2.1) mm Hg, respectively, with coffee treatment compared with control. Multiple linear regression analysis identified an independent, positive relationship between cups of coffee consumed and subsequent change in systolic blood pressure, independent of age of study participants and study design characteristics. The effect of coffee drinking on systolic and diastolic blood pressure was greater in trials with younger participants. Our findings provide support for a relationship between coffee consumption and higher blood pressure. Trials of coffee cessation of longer duration and in persons with hypertension should be performed.  (+info)

One-year survival among patients with acute myocardial infarction complicated by cardiogenic shock, and its relation to early revascularization: results from the GUSTO-I trial. (3/12901)

BACKGROUND: Although 30-day survival is increased in patients with acute myocardial infarction complicated by cardiogenic shock who undergo coronary revascularization, the longer-term outcome in such patients and the duration of benefit from revascularization are unknown. METHODS AND RESULTS: We analyzed 30-day survivors of acute myocardial infarction in the Global Utilization of Streptokinase and Tissue-Plasminogen Activator for Occluded Coronary Arteries (GUSTO-I) trial and identified 36 333 who had not had cardiogenic shock (systolic blood pressure <90 mm Hg for >/=1 hour, group 1) and 1321 patients who had shock (group 2). Group 2 patients were older and sicker. At 1 year, 97.4% of group 1 patients were alive versus 88.0% of group 2 (P=0.0001). Among group 2 patients, 578 (44%) had undergone revascularization within 30 days (group 2A) and 728 (56%) had not (group 2B). Revascularization was not required by protocol but was selected by the attending physicians. At 1 year, 91.7% of group 2A patients were alive versus 85.3% of group 2B (P=0.0003). With the use of multivariable logistic regression analysis to adjust for differences in baseline characteristics of shock patients alive at 30 days, revascularization within 30 days was independently associated with reduced 1-year mortality (odds ratio 0.6, [95% confidence interval 0.4, 0.9], P=0.007). CONCLUSIONS: Most patients (88%) with acute myocardial infarction complicated by cardiogenic shock who are alive at 30 days survived at least 1 year. Shock patients who underwent revascularization within 30 days had improved survival at 1 year compared with shock patients who did not receive revascularization, even after adjustment for differences in baseline characteristics between the 2 groups.  (+info)

Racial differences in the outcome of left ventricular dysfunction. (4/12901)

BACKGROUND: Population-based studies have found that black patients with congestive heart failure have a higher mortality rate than whites with the same condition. This finding has been attributed to differences in the severity, causes, and management of heart failure, the prevalence of coexisting conditions, and socioeconomic factors. Although these factors probably account for some of the higher mortality due to congestive heart failure among blacks, we hypothesized that racial differences in the natural history of left ventricular dysfunction might also have a role. METHODS: Using data from the Studies of Left Ventricular Dysfunction (SOLVD) prevention and treatment trials, in which all patients received standardized therapy and follow-up, we conducted a retrospective analysis of the outcomes of asymptomatic and symptomatic left ventricular systolic dysfunction among black and white participants. The mean (+/-SD) follow-up was 34.2+/-14.0 months in the prevention trial and 32.3+/-14.8 months in the treatment trial among the black and white participants. RESULTS: The overall mortality rates in the prevention trial were 8.1 per 100 person-years for blacks and 5.1 per 100 person years for whites. In the treatment trial, the rates were 16.7 per 100 person-years and 13.4 per 100 person-years, respectively. After adjustment for age, coexisting conditions, severity and causes of heart failure, and use of medications, blacks had a higher risk of death from all causes in both the SOLVD prevention trial (relative risk, 1.36; 95 percent confidence interval, 1.06 to 1.74; P=0.02) and the treatment trial (relative risk, 1.25; 95 percent confidence interval, 1.04 to 1.50; P=0.02). In both trials blacks were also at higher risk for death due to pump failure and for the combined end point of death from any cause or hospitalization for heart failure, our two predefined indicators of the progression of left ventricular systolic dysfunction. CONCLUSIONS: Blacks with mild-to-moderate left ventricular systolic dysfunction appear to be at higher risk for progression of heart failure and death from any cause than similarly treated whites. These results suggest that there may be racial differences in the outcome of asymptomatic and symptomatic left ventricular systolic dysfunction.  (+info)

Safety of long-term therapy with ciprofloxacin: data analysis of controlled clinical trials and review. (5/12901)

We reviewed the literature and the manufacturer's U.S. clinical data pool for safety data on long-term administration of ciprofloxacin (Bayer, West Haven, CT). Only controlled clinical trials including patients treated for >30 days were selected. We identified 636 patients by literature search and 413 patients in the Bayer U.S. database who fulfilled our search criteria; the average treatment duration for these patients was 130 and 80 days, respectively. Main indications for long-term therapy were osteomyelitis, skin and soft-tissue infection, prophylaxis for urinary tract infection, mycobacterial infections, and inflammatory bowel disease. Adverse events, premature discontinuation of therapy, and deaths occurred at a similar frequency in both treatment arms. Most adverse events occurred early during therapy with little increase in frequency over time. As with short-term therapy, gastrointestinal events were more frequent than central nervous system or skin reactions, but pseudomembranous colitis was not observed. No previously unknown adverse events were noted. We conclude that ciprofloxacin is tolerated as well as other antibiotics when extended courses of therapy are required.  (+info)

Separate and joint effects of micronutrient deficiencies on linear growth. (6/12901)

Recent studies have investigated the effect of micronutrient deficiencies on growth stunting, with special attention toward the effect of zinc, iron, vitamin A and iodine deficiencies. In Mexico, the prevalence of growth stunting in children <5 y old is approximately 24%; it is higher in rural areas and lower in urban areas. In an initial study, the effect of zinc and/or iron supplementation on linear growth was investigated in a longitudinal, placebo-controlled design. After 12 mo of supplementation, there was no difference between the groups supplemented with zinc, iron or zinc plus iron and the placebo group. At baseline, 82% of the children in this study were deficient in at least two out of the five micronutrients that were determined, and 73% were anemic. In another study, a mixture of those micronutrients that were documented to be lacking in Mexican children was formulated in a supplement and given to Mexican children over a period of 12 mo in a longitudinal, placebo-controlled, supplementation design. Children in the low and medium socioeconomic status grew about 1 cm more than similar children in the placebo group. This difference was not found in children of high socioeconomic status. It is suggested that, in most cases, growth stunting is associated with marginal deficiencies of several micronutrients and that in populations with multiple micronutrient deficiencies, the effect on linear growth of supplementation with single nutrients will not be significant. Supplementation with multiple micronutrients is expected to be more effective, but even in that case the actual increment in height was less than the expected potential increment.  (+info)

Colorectal cancer mortality: effectiveness of biennial screening for fecal occult blood. (7/12901)

BACKGROUND: In 1993, a randomized controlled trial in Minnesota showed, after 13 years of follow-up, that annual fecal occult blood testing was effective in reducing colorectal cancer mortality by at least 33%. Biennial screening (i.e., every 2 years) resulted in only a 6% mortality reduction. Two European trials (in England and in Denmark) subsequently showed statistically significant 15% and 18% mortality reductions with biennial screening. Herein, we provide updated results-through 18 years of follow-up--from the Minnesota trial that address the apparent inconsistent findings among the trials regarding biennial screening. METHODS: From 1976 through 1977, a total of 46551 study subjects, aged 50-80 years, were recruited and randomly assigned to an annual screen, a biennial screen, or a control group. A screen consisted of six guaiac-impregnated fecal occult blood tests (Hemoccult) prepared in pairs from each of three consecutive fecal samples. Participants with at least one of the six tests that were positive were invited for a diagnostic examination that included colonoscopy. All participants were followed annually to ascertain incident colorectal cancers and deaths. RESULTS: The numbers of deaths from all causes were similar among the three study groups. Cumulative 18-year colorectal cancer mortality was 33% lower in the annual group than in the control group (rate ratio, 0.67; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.51-0.83). The biennial group had a 21% lower colorectal cancer mortality rate than the control group (rate ratio, 0.79; 95% CI = 0.62-0.97). A marked reduction was also noted in the incidence of Dukes' stage D cancers in both screened groups in comparison with the control group. CONCLUSION: The results from this study, together with the other two published randomized trials of fecal occult blood screening, are consistent in demonstrating a substantial, statistically significant reduction in colorectal cancer mortality from biennial screening.  (+info)

Report of a National Institutes of Health--Centers for Disease Control and Prevention workshop on the feasibility of conducting a randomized clinical trial to estimate the long-term health effects of intentional weight loss in obese persons. (8/12901)

A workshop was convened in 1997 by the National Institutes of Health and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention to consider the need for and feasibility of conducting a randomized clinical trial to estimate the long-term health effects of intentional weight loss in obese persons. Although the benefits of weight loss in obese individuals may seem obvious, little information is available showing that intentional weight loss improves long-term health outcomes. Observational studies may be unable to provide convincing answers about the magnitude and direction of the health effects of intentional weight loss. Workshop participants agreed that a well-designed randomized clinical trial could answer several questions necessary for developing a rational clinical and public health policy for treating obesity. Such information will ultimately provide needed guidance on the risks and benefits of weight loss to health care providers and payers, as well as to millions of obese Americans.  (+info)

Neoadjuvant Veliparib/Carboplatin and Neratinib Graduate From Adaptive Randomization I-SPY 2 Trial in Early Breast Cancer -...Neoadjuvant Veliparib/Carboplatin and Neratinib 'Graduate' From Adaptive Randomization I-SPY 2 Trial in Early Breast Cancer -...
As reported by Hope S. Rugo, MD, and John W. Park, MD, both of the University of California, San Francisco, and colleagues in The New England Journal of Medicine, the multiarm adaptive randomization phase II I-SPY 2 trial has shown that the addition of veliparib/carboplatin and the addition of neratinib to standard neoadjuvant therapy have met criteria predictive of success in a phase III trial of the same comparators in early breast cancer patients with specific biomarker signatures.1,2. I-SPY 2 Details. In the I-SPY 2 trial, multi-arm adaptive randomization is being used to evaluate the effectiveness of multiple new agents added to standard neoadjuvant chemotherapy in producing pathologic complete response in high-risk stage II to III breast cancer based on biomarker subtypes. The aim of the multi-arm adaptive randomization scheme is to more rapidly and accurately identify experimental regimens with a higher likelihood of success in phase II trials that can include smaller numbers of ...
Self-monitoring of blood pressure in hypertension: A systematic review and individual patient data meta-analysis - Centre for...Self-monitoring of blood pressure in hypertension: A systematic review and individual patient data meta-analysis - Centre for...
© 2017 Tucker et al. Background: Self-monitoring of blood pressure (BP) appears to reduce BP in hypertension but important questions remain regarding effective implementation and which groups may benefit most. This individual patient data (IPD) meta-analysis was performed to better understand the effectiveness of BP self-monitoring to lower BP and control hypertension. Methods and findings: Medline, Embase, and the Cochrane Library were searched for randomised trials comparing self-monitoring to no self-monitoring in hypertensive patients (June 2016). Two reviewers independently assessed articles for eligibility and the authors of eligible trials were approached requesting IPD. Of 2,846 articles in the initial search, 36 were eligible. IPD were provided from 25 trials, including 1 unpublished study. Data for the primary outcomes-change in mean clinic or ambulatory BP and proportion controlled below target at 12 months-were available from 15/19 possible studies (7,138/8,292 [86%] of randomised
New in the Literature: Physical Fitness Training for Stroke (Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2011 Nov 9;11:CD003316)New in the Literature: Physical Fitness Training for Stroke (Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2011 Nov 9;11:CD003316)
Although the effects of physical fitness training on death, dependence, and disability after stroke are unclear, there is sufficient evidence to incorporate cardiorespiratory training that involves walking within poststroke rehabilitation programs to improve speed, tolerance, and independence during walking, say authors of a meta-analysis published in November in the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. The authors searched the Cochrane Stroke Group Trials Register, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, SPORTDiscus, and 5 additional databases. They also searched ongoing trials registers, handsearched relevant journals and conference proceedings, screened reference lists, and contacted experts in the field.. Selection criteria included randomized trials comparing either cardiorespiratory training or resistance training, or both, with no intervention, a nonexercise intervention, or usual care in stroke survivors. Two review authors independently selected ...
Granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) for stroke: an individual patient data meta-analysis - Nottingham ePrintsGranulocyte-colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) for stroke: an individual patient data meta-analysis - Nottingham ePrints
Granulocyte colony stimulating factor (G-CSF) may enhance recovery from stroke through neuroprotective mechanisms if administered early, or neurorepair if given later. Several small trials suggest administration is safe but effects on efficacy are unclear. We searched for randomised controlled trials (RCT) assessing G-CSF in patients with hyperacute, acute, subacute or chronic stroke, and asked Investigators to share individual patient data on baseline characteristics, stroke severity and type, end-of trial modified Rankin Scale (mRS), Barthel Index, haematological parameters, serious adverse events and death. Multiple variable analyses were adjusted for age, sex, baseline severity and time-to-treatment. Individual patient data were obtained for 6 of 10 RCTs comprising 196 stroke patients (116 G-CSF, 80 placebo), mean age 67.1 (SD 12.9), 92% ischaemic, median NIHSS 10 (IQR 5-15), randomised 11 days (interquartile range IQR 4-238) post ictus; data from three commercial trials were not shared. ...
Systematic review and individual patient data meta-analysis of diagnos by Jonathan Mant, J. Doust et al."Systematic review and individual patient data meta-analysis of diagnos" by Jonathan Mant, J. Doust et al.
Objectives: To assess the accuracy in diagnosing heart failure of clinical features and potential primary care investigations, and to perform a decision analysis to test the impact of plausible diagnostic strategies on costs and diagnostic yield in the UK health-care setting. Data sources: MEDLINE and CINAHL were searched from inception to 7 July 2006. Grey literature databases and conference proceedings were searched and authors of relevant studies contacted for data that could not be extracted from the published papers. Review methods: A systematic review of the clinical evidence was carried out according to standard methods. Individual patient data (IPD) analysis was performed on nine studies, and a logistic regression model to predict heart failure was developed on one of the data sets and validated on the other data sets. Cost-effectiveness modelling was based on a decision tree that compared different plausible investigation strategies. Results: Dyspnoea was the only symptom or sign with high
Impact of allocation concealment on conclusions drawn from meta-analyses of randomized trials. - Oxford Clinical Trials...Impact of allocation concealment on conclusions drawn from meta-analyses of randomized trials. - Oxford Clinical Trials...
BACKGROUND: Randomized trials without reported adequate allocation concealment have been shown to overestimate the benefit of experimental interventions. We investigated the robustness of conclusions drawn from meta-analyses to exclusion of such trials. MATERIAL: Random sample of 38 reviews from The Cochrane Library 2003, issue 2 and 32 other reviews from PubMed accessed in 2002. Eligible reviews presented a binary effect estimate from a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials as the first statistically significant result that supported a conclusion in favour of one of the interventions. METHODS: We assessed the methods sections of the trials in each included meta-analysis for adequacy of allocation concealment. We replicated each meta-analysis using the authors methods but included only trials that had adequate allocation concealment. Conclusions were defined as not supported if our result was not statistically significant. RESULTS: Thirty-four of the 70 meta-analyses contained a mixture of
Practical Regression Fixed Effects Models Case Study VRIO AnalysisPractical Regression Fixed Effects Models Case Study VRIO Analysis
Use our custom Practical Regression Fixed Effects Models VRIO case study help you if you want the best case study writing service to write your case studies.
WRC Knowledge Hub: Conference ProceedingsWRC Knowledge Hub: Conference Proceedings
Conference Proceedings. The proceedings of conferences which have been hosted by the WRC are available in Adobe pdf format. Select a conference to access the conference proceedings for that conference. ...
Jadad Score Research Paper scientific lab notebookJadad Score Research Paper scientific lab notebook
Why No one is Talking About Jadad Score Research Paper, the cow essay in hindi, articles on paraplegia And What You Ought To Do Today
Exercise for patients with major depression: a systematic review with meta-analysis and trial sequential analysis | BMJ OpenExercise for patients with major depression: a systematic review with meta-analysis and trial sequential analysis | BMJ Open
Our present results are similar to the latest Cochrane review by Cooney et al, 24 who found a moderate effect of exercise on depressive symptoms (−0.62 SMD) when including all trials and no effect when restricting the analysis to trials with less risk of bias (−0.18 SMD). The Cochrane review did find evidence of a small antidepressant effect beyond the intervention, which we could not confirm in our present systematic review. Bridle et al 13 included nine trials allocating old (,60 years) participants with depression to exercise interventions versus control interventions. Restricting the analysis to four trials at lower risk of bias they found small-to-moderate effect estimates (SMD −0.34) in favour of exercise. The studies by Cooney et al 24 and Bridle et al 13 both included trials allocating participants with depressive symptoms and not necessarily diagnosed using a validated diagnostic system, potentially explaining the differences in the effect sizes. However, in our present systematic ...
Plus itPlus it
The role of N-acetylcysteine (NAC) in the treatment of chronic bronchitis is unclear. Since a number of studies have been published on this topic, a systematic review of published studies seems justified. A systematic search (Medline, Embase, Cochrane Library, bibliographies, no language restriction) for published randomized trials comparing oral NAC with placebo in patients with chronic bronchitis was performed. Dichotomous data on prevention of exacerbation, improvement of symptoms and adverse effects were extracted from original reports. The relative benefit and number-needed-to-treat were calculated for both individual trials and combined data. Thirty-nine trials were retrieved; eleven (2,011 analysed patients), published 1976-1994, were regarded as relevant and valid according to preset criteria. In nine studies, 351 of 723 (48.5%) patients receiving NAC had no exacerbation compared with 229 of 733 (31.2%) patients receiving placebo (relative benefit 1.56 (95% confidence interval (CI) ...
Plus itPlus it
Many key RCT methods were not used or not reported. Adequate allocation concealment, adequate double-blinding, and intention-to-treat analysis were reported in only 50% of the trials. These findings suggest that there is much room for improvement in respiratory RCTs. However, improvement was found in the COPD RCTs, in which there was adequate allocation sequence generation, adequate allocation concealment, and intention-to-treat analysis in 27.0%, 11.6%, and 21.8%, respectively.8 Registered trials, trials cited ≥ 10 times, trials in journals with impact factor ≥ 5, and trials in the general medical journals were more likely to be of adequate methodological quality.. Important aspects of RCT methodology, such as randomization methods, allocation concealment, blinding, and sample-size calculation, are commonly inadequate in RCTs.12 That was the reason we conducted the analysis: to find the related facts on these methodological items. We decided to include trials published in leading journals ...
Most recent papers with the keyword Journal of sleep medicine | Read by QxMDMost recent papers with the keyword Journal of sleep medicine | Read by QxMD
BACKGROUND: Insomnia is a widespread complaint in the general population. Wendan decoction has been widely applied in the treatment of primary insomnia. However, to our knowledge, there has been no systematic review or meta-analysis of randomized controlled trails regarding the effectiveness of this treatment. Here, we provide a protocol to evaluate the efficacy and safety of Wendan decoction for primary insomnia. METHODS AND ANALYSIS: Relevant randomized controlled trials in 5 English databases [EMBASE, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (Cochrane Library), PubMed, the Allied and Complementary Medicine Databases (AMED), and the Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL)], 4 Chinese databases [Chinese Biomedical Literature Database (CBM), Chinese Medical Current Content (CMCC), China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), and Wanfang Database] will be comprehensively searched by 2 researchers in October 2017 ...
Indirect comparisons of competing interventions. - Oxford Clinical Trials Research UnitIndirect comparisons of competing interventions. - Oxford Clinical Trials Research Unit
OBJECTIVES: To survey the frequency of use of indirect comparisons in systematic reviews and evaluate the methods used in their analysis and interpretation. Also to identify alternative statistical approaches for the analysis of indirect comparisons, to assess the properties of different statistical methods used for performing indirect comparisons and to compare direct and indirect estimates of the same effects within reviews. DATA SOURCES: Electronic databases. REVIEW METHODS: The Database of Abstracts of Reviews of Effects (DARE) was searched for systematic reviews involving meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials (RCTs) that reported both direct and indirect comparisons, or indirect comparisons alone. A systematic review of MEDLINE and other databases was carried out to identify published methods for analysing indirect comparisons. Study designs were created using data from the International Stroke Trial. Random samples of patients receiving aspirin, heparin or placebo in 16 centres were used
Bias in meta-analysis detected by a simple, graphical test | The BMJBias in meta-analysis detected by a simple, graphical test | The BMJ
Publication bias has long been associated with funnel plot asymmetry.10 Among published studies, however, the probability of identifying relevant trials for meta-analysis is also influenced by their results. English language bias-the preferential publication of "negative" findings in journals published in languages other than English-makes the location and inclusion of such studies less likely.8 As a consequence of citation bias, "negative" studies are quoted less frequently and are therefore more likely to be missed in the search for relevant trials.7 36 Results of "positive" trials are sometimes reported more than once, increasing the probability that they will be located for meta-analysis (multiple publication bias).37 These biases are likely to affect smaller studies to a greater degree than large trials.. Another source of asymmetry arises from differences in methodological quality. Smaller studies are, on average, conducted and analysed with less methodological rigour than larger studies. ...
Bias in meta-analysis detected by a simple, graphical test | The BMJBias in meta-analysis detected by a simple, graphical test | The BMJ
Publication bias has long been associated with funnel plot asymmetry.10 Among published studies, however, the probability of identifying relevant trials for meta-analysis is also influenced by their results. English language bias-the preferential publication of "negative" findings in journals published in languages other than English-makes the location and inclusion of such studies less likely.8 As a consequence of citation bias, "negative" studies are quoted less frequently and are therefore more likely to be missed in the search for relevant trials.7 36 Results of "positive" trials are sometimes reported more than once, increasing the probability that they will be located for meta-analysis (multiple publication bias).37 These biases are likely to affect smaller studies to a greater degree than large trials.. Another source of asymmetry arises from differences in methodological quality. Smaller studies are, on average, conducted and analysed with less methodological rigour than larger studies. ...
Families First Edmonton (FFE) - Full Text View - ClinicalTrials.govFamilies First Edmonton (FFE) - Full Text View - ClinicalTrials.gov
This study is designed to provide clear evidence for health and social policymakers about the influence of alternate service-delivery models and practices on enhancing and sustaining low-income family linkages to available services. A challenge faced by Canadian health and social service providers is to promote health for low-income families in a proactive and cost-effective manner. Families with low incomes experience an array of health and social barriers that compromise their resilience, lead to negative family outcomes, and act as barriers to available services. Family barriers are compounded by service delivery barriers and result in reduced opportunities for effective, primary-level services and in increased use of secondary-level services (e.g., emergency room visits, emergency intervention, police involvement), with the obvious increase in costs. Randomized-controlled trials are rare in community-based intervention research.. This Families First Edmonton randomized-controlled trial (RCT) ...
Randomized-controlled Trial of Yoga for Ulcerative Colitis - Full Text View - ClinicalTrials.govRandomized-controlled Trial of Yoga for Ulcerative Colitis - Full Text View - ClinicalTrials.gov
Choosing to participate in a study is an important personal decision. Talk with your doctor and family members or friends about deciding to join a study. To learn more about this study, you or your doctor may contact the study research staff using the contacts provided below. For general information, Learn About Clinical Studies. ...
Citation Machine: Journal Of Lipid Research format citation generator for conference proceedingsCitation Machine: Journal Of Lipid Research format citation generator for conference proceedings
Citation Machine™ helps students and professionals properly credit the information that they use. Cite your conference proceedings in Journal of Lipid Research format for free.
Citation Machine: European Biophysics Journal format citation generator for conference proceedingsCitation Machine: European Biophysics Journal format citation generator for conference proceedings
Citation Machine™ helps students and professionals properly credit the information that they use. Cite your conference proceedings in European Biophysics Journal format for free.
Conference Proceedings | WDSA / CCWI 2018 Joint International ConferenceConference Proceedings | WDSA / CCWI 2018 Joint International Conference
The proceedings are published in the Open Journal Systems (OJS) and each individual paper will be fully discoverable via Google and other search engines.. To access the conference proceedings please use the following link: https://ojs.library.queensu.ca/index.php/wdsa-ccw ...
AstraZeneca PLC | Brilintas PhIII THEMIS trial met primary endpoint | InvestEgateAstraZeneca PLC | Brilinta's PhIII THEMIS trial met primary endpoint | InvestEgate
patients with established coronary artery disease and type-2 diabetes. Brilinta reduced cardiovascular events in patients with no prior heart attack or stroke. The Phase III THEMIS trial met its primary endpoint and demonstrated that Brilinta (ticagrelor), taken in conjunction with aspirin, showed a statistically-significant reduction in a composite of major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) compared to aspirin alone.. THEMIS was conducted in over 19,000 patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) and type-2 diabetes (T2D) with no prior heart attack (myocardial infarction, MI) or stroke. Preliminary safety results were consistent with the known profile of Brilinta. A full evaluation of the THEMIS data will be presented at a forthcoming medical meeting.. Elisabeth Björk, Senior Vice President, Head of late Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism, R&D BioPharmaceuticals, said: "Approaches to help reduce cardiovascular morbidity further in patients with coronary artery disease and type-2 diabetes ...
Rivaroxaban and risk of myocardial infarction: insights from a meta-analysis and trial sequential analysis of randomized...Rivaroxaban and risk of myocardial infarction: insights from a meta-analysis and trial sequential analysis of randomized...
Rivaroxaban and risk of myocardial infarction: insights from a meta-analysis and trial sequential analysis of randomized clinical trials.
Long-term outcomes of ductal carcinoma in situ of the breast: a systematic review, meta-analysis and meta-regression analysis |...Long-term outcomes of ductal carcinoma in situ of the breast: a systematic review, meta-analysis and meta-regression analysis |...
To summarize data on long-term ipsilateral local recurrence (LR) and breast cancer death rate (BCDR) for patients with ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) who received different treatments. Systematic review and study-level meta-analysis of prospective (n = 5) and retrospective (n = 21) studies of patients with pure DCIS and with median or mean follow-up time of ≥10 years. Meta-regression was performed to assess and adjust for effects of potential confounders - the average age of women, period of initial treatment, and of bias - follow-up duration on recurrence- and death-rates in each treatment group. LR and BCDR rates by local treatment used were reported. Outside of randomized trials, remaining studies were likely to have tailored patient treatment according to the clinical situation. Nine thousand four hundred and four DCIS cases in 9391 patients with 10-year follow-up were included. The adjusted meta-regression LR rate for mastectomy was 2.6 % (95 % CI, 0.8-4.5); breast-conserving surgery with
AIT 청각통합훈련에 대한 과학적 연구논문 - 필터드 사운드 트레이닝AIT 청각통합훈련에 대한 과학적 연구논문 - 필터드 사운드 트레이닝
be set to play too loudly. Should all be banned as potentially dangerous? Every practitioner is aware of his/her responsibility to make sure that the device is played at an appropriate level. Basing conclusions on a single, very probably atypical case, is a poor practice-the authors conclusions are not justified.. A good deal of what has been written about AIT is excessively skeptical, negative or derogatory, permeated with the assumption that AIT is ineffective. Our review of all the research on the efficacy of AIT that we have been able to find refutes this negative view.. Probably because AIT lacks a plausible rationale and is counter-intuitive, it has become the target of skepticism and of negatively biased research. Ones opinion about an intervention, like ones opinion about an individual, should be based on evidence rather than prejudice. The present authors were themselves skeptical when first learning about AIT. Their interest was stimulated, despite their initial skepticism, by a ...
PSI One Day Meeting and Workshop: Real World Evidence: Generalisability of Treatment Comparisons for Decision MakingPSI One Day Meeting and Workshop: Real World Evidence: Generalisability of Treatment Comparisons for Decision Making
Multilevel network meta-regression for population adjustment based on individual and aggregate level data. Abstract: Standard network meta-analysis (NMA) and indirect comparisons combine aggregate data (AgD) from multiple studies on treatments of interest, assuming that any effect modifiers are balanced across populations. We can relax this assumption if individual patient data (IPD) are available from all studies by fitting an IPD meta-regression. However, in many cases IPD are only available from a subset of studies. In the simplest scenario, IPD are available for an AB study but only AgD for an AC study. Methods such as Matching Adjusted Indirect Comparison (MAIC) create a population-adjusted indirect comparison between treatments B and C. However, the resulting comparison is only valid in the AC population without additional assumptions, and the methods cannot be extended to larger treatment networks. Meta-regression-based approaches can be used in larger networks. However, these typically ...
dietary behavioursdietary behaviours
This new Cochrane review looked at school-based interventions aimed at changing behaviour related to toothbrushing habits and the frequency of consumption of cariogenic food and drink in children between the ages of 4 and 12 years. The Cochrane Oral Health Groups Trials Register, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) ,Medline, Embase, CINAHL, PsycINFO, [read the full story…]. ...
ISPOR 20th Annual European Congress - WorkshopsISPOR 20th Annual European Congress - Workshops
Treatment comparisons without head-to-head trials are frequently formed using indirect comparisons across multiple trials, making the assumption that any effect modifiers are balanced between trials. Recently proposed methods which relax this assumption, including Matching-Adjusted Indirect Comparison (MAIC) and Simulated Treatment Comparison (STC), are becoming increasingly common in industry-sponsored treatment comparisons, where a company has individual patient data (IPD) from its own trials but only aggregate data from competitor trials. These methods aim to adjust for between-trial differences to form population-adjusted indirect comparisons, and may even be used for comparisons involving single arm studies or disconnected networks. However, additional assumptions and complexities are introduced which must be carefully considered. Since the premise of population adjustment methods is that relative treatment effects can differ between populations, a core component of population adjustment in ...
R-meta] Implementation of the Inverse variance heterogeneity modelR-meta] Implementation of the Inverse variance heterogeneity model
As far as I am concerned, discussions around the pros and cons of various methods are perfectly fine, esp. if they are directly linked to implementations in R. So, we are considering two methods: 1) A random-effects model with the standard 1/(vi + tau^2) weights (where vi is the sampling variance of the ith study and tau^2 the (estimated) amount of variance/heterogeneity in the true outcomes) versus 2) A random-effects model with 1/vi weights. Under the assumptions of the RE model and in the absence of publication bias, both approaches provide an unbiased estimate of the average true outcome. Approach 1 is more efficient; in fact, using 1/(vi + tau^2) weights gives us the uniformly minimum variance unbiased estimator (UMVUE). Sidenote: To be precise, that is only true if tau^2 would be a known quantity and not estimated (and similarly, the sampling variances must be known quantities). So, really, we are only getting an approximation to the UMVUE. The larger k (number of studies) is, the more ...
CoursesCourses
In this course, students will learn about common types of miscommunication and misunderstandings associated with visual representation of data and about best practices for data visualization. Through a series of case studies, students will critically evaluate relevant data, the format of its presentation, and the impact the method of presentation has on the reader. Specifically, through critical analysis of the format of the graphs, figures, and tables students will determine whether the chosen methods enable straightforward, independent analysis or push the reader to accept the authors conclusions. Students will reformat the presentation of the data to determine whether other representations would reveal / support different conclusions. In a final project, students will use and build up on previous knowledge to analyze data to related to a global, national, or policy decision. [STSC ...
Minimal sufficient balance randomization for sequential randomized controlled trial designs: results from the ESCAPE trial |...Minimal sufficient balance randomization for sequential randomized controlled trial designs: results from the ESCAPE trial |...
This study describes the implementation of minimal sufficient balance randomization, a covariate adaptive randomization strategy, in the ESCAPE trial. Our results demonstrate that overall group balance was achieved in dynamically allocating subjects to treatment arms in the ESCAPE trial both at the time of the interim analysis and at the time that the trial was stopped. This suggests that this covariate adaptive randomization strategy can assist data and safety monitoring boards to make reliable decisions about futility or efficacy in a randomized controlled trial.. Similar to all adaptive trial design approaches, the integrity of this approach relies upon the immediate availability and accuracy of data used, and, in this case, data on the covariates used to implement the randomized minimization approach. Because of the nature of stroke treatment, fast treatment decisions are necessarily taken without certainty on all preclinical data. For example, a patients age might be determined just upon ...
Revisión de las infusiones continuas y prolongadas de antibióticos betalactámicos en la población pediátrica<...Revisión de las infusiones continuas y prolongadas de antibióticos betalactámicos en la población pediátrica<...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Revisión de las infusiones continuas y prolongadas de antibióticos betalactámicos en la población pediátrica. AU - Walker, Mary Covington. AU - Lam, Weng Man. AU - Manasco, Kalen B.. PY - 2012/11/1. Y1 - 2012/11/1. N2 - OBJECTIVE: To conduct a systematic review of available data on the use of extended or continuous infusion of b-lactam and monobactam therapy in the pediatric population (aged 0-18 years). DATA SOURCES: A literature search was performed using PubMed (1975-May 2012), International Pharmaceutical Abstracts (1970-May 2012), and Web of Science (1977-May 2012) to identify studies for inclusion. In addition, reference citations from identified publications were reviewed. The following search terms were used: pediatric, children, neonate, infant, adolescent, b-lactam, cephalosporin, carbapenem, penicillin, monobactam, continuous infusion, extended infusion, and/or prolonged infusion. Individual names of drugs in each class of antibiotics were also included in the ...
Transmission and Mode of Delivery | Perinatal | AIDSinfoTransmission and Mode of Delivery | Perinatal | AIDSinfo
Basis for Current Recommendations Scheduled cesarean delivery, defined as cesarean delivery performed before the onset of labor and before rupture of membranes, is recommended for prevention of perinatal transmission of HIV in women with HIV RNA levels ,1,000 copies/mL near delivery and for women with unknown HIV RNA levels. This recommendation is based on findings from a multicenter, randomized clinical trial1 and from a large individual patient data meta-analysis.2 These two studies were conducted at a time when the majority of women with HIV received no antiretroviral (ARV) drugs or zidovudine as a single drug and before the availability of viral load information. Study results have since been extrapolated to make current recommendations about the mode of delivery in an era when antiretroviral therapy (ART) during pregnancy is recommended and viral load information is readily available.. HIV RNA Level of ,1000 copies/mL as a Threshold for Recommendation of Scheduled Cesarean Delivery The ...
Browsing Articles and other publications by RIVM employees by AuthorsBrowsing Articles and other publications by RIVM employees by Authors
Background: Gene-diet interactions have been reported to contribute to the development of type 2 diabetes (T2D). However, to our knowledge, few examples have been consistently replicated to date.Objective: We aimed to identify existing evidence for gene-macronutrient interactions and T2D and to examine the reported interactions in a large-scale study.Design: We systematically reviewed studies reporting gene-macronutrient interactions and T2D. We searched the MEDLINE, Human Genome Epidemiology Network, and WHO International Clinical Trials Registry Platform electronic databases to identify studies published up to October 2015. Eligibility criteria included assessment of macronutrient quantity (e.g., total carbohydrate) or indicators of quality (e.g., dietary fiber) by use of self-report or objective biomarkers of intake. Interactions identified in the review were subsequently examined in the EPIC (European Prospective Investigation into Cancer)-InterAct case-cohort study (n = 21,148, with 9403 ...
Protocol for a systematic review and individual patient data meta-analysis of benefit of so-called lung-protective ventilation...Protocol for a systematic review and individual patient data meta-analysis of benefit of so-called lung-protective ventilation...
Protocol for a systematic review and individual patient data meta-analysis of benefit of so-called lung-protective ventilation settings in patients under general anesthesia for surgery. . Biblioteca virtual para leer y descargar libros, documentos, trabajos y tesis universitarias en PDF. Material universiario, documentación y tareas realizadas por universitarios en nuestra biblioteca. Para descargar gratis y para leer online.
Monitoring initial response to Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor-based regimens: An individual patient data meta-analysis...Monitoring initial response to Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor-based regimens: An individual patient data meta-analysis...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Monitoring initial response to Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor-based regimens. T2 - An individual patient data meta-analysis from randomized, placebo-controlled trials. AU - Bell, Katy J L. AU - Hayen, Andrew. AU - Macaskill, Petra. AU - Craig, Jonathan C. AU - Neal, Bruce C. AU - Fox, Kim M. AU - Remme, Willem J. AU - Asselbergs, Folkert W. AU - van Gilst, Wiek H. AU - Macmahon, Stephen. AU - Remuzzi, Giuseppe. AU - Ruggenenti, Piero. AU - Teo, Koon K. AU - Irwig, Les. PY - 2010/9. Y1 - 2010/9. N2 - Most clinicians monitor blood pressure to estimate a patients response to blood pressure-lowering therapy. However, the apparent change may not actually reflect the effect of the treatment, because a persons blood pressure varies considerably even without the administration of drug therapy. We estimated random background within-person variation, apparent between-person variation, and true between-person variation in blood pressure response to angiotensin-converting enzyme ...
The price is right!? A meta-regression analysis on willingness to pay for local food<...The price is right!? A meta-regression analysis on willingness to pay for local food<...
TY - JOUR. T1 - The price is right!? A meta-regression analysis on willingness to pay for local food. AU - Printezis, Iryna. AU - Grebitus, Carola. AU - Hirsch, Stefan. PY - 2019/5/1. Y1 - 2019/5/1. N2 - We study the literature on willingness to pay (WTP) for local food by applying meta-regression analysis to a set of 35 eligible research papers that provide 86 estimates on consumers WTP for the attribute "local." An analysis of the distribution of WTP measures suggests the presence of publication selection bias that favors larger and statistically significant results. The analyzed literature provides evidence for statistically significant differences among consumers WTP for various types of product. Moreover, we find that the methodological approach (choice experiments vs. other approaches) and the analyzed country can have a significant influence on the generated WTP for local.. AB - We study the literature on willingness to pay (WTP) for local food by applying meta-regression analysis to a ...
Targeting aspirin in acute disabling ischemic stroke: An individual patient data meta-analysis of three large randomized trials...Targeting aspirin in acute disabling ischemic stroke: An individual patient data meta-analysis of three large randomized trials...
© 2015 World Stroke Organization. Background: Aspirin is of moderate overall benefit for patients with acute disabling ischemic stroke. It is unclear whether functional outcome could be improved after stroke by targeting aspirin to patients with a high risk of recurrent thrombosis or a low risk of haemorrhage. Aims: We aimed to determine whether patients at higher risk of thrombotic events or poor functional outcome, or lower risk of major haemorrhage had a greater absolute risk reduction of poor functional outcome with aspirin than the average patient. Methods: We used data on individual ischemic stroke patients from three large trials of aspirin vs. placebo in acute ischemic stroke: the first International Stroke Trial (n=18372), the Chinese Acute Stroke Trial (n=20172) and the Multicentre Acute Stroke Trial (n=622). We developed and evaluated clinical prediction models for the following: early thrombotic events (myocardial infarction, ischemic stroke, deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism);
Bienvenidos a siicsaludBienvenidos a siicsalud
Biological Abstracts (BIOSIS Previews), Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), Current Awareness in Biological Sciences (CABS), Current Contents /Life Sciences and Clinical Medicine, Chemical Abstracts (CA Search and CAS Online), Cambridge Scientific Abstracts (Life Sciences Collection), Sociedad Iberoamericana de Informaci n Cientifica (SIIC) Data Bases, Current Advances in Clinical Chemistry, SCISEARCH, Excerpta Medica (EMBASE), International Pharmaceutical Abstracts (International Pharmaceutical Abstracts), Medical Documentation Service, Iowa Drug Information Service (IDIS), PsycINFO (Psychological Abstracts), Research Alert, Science Citation Index, Derwent ...
Individual patient data meta-analysis of trials investigating the effectiveness of intra-articular glucocorticoid injections in...Individual patient data meta-analysis of trials investigating the effectiveness of intra-articular glucocorticoid injections in...
Based on small to moderate effect sizes for the wide range of symptomatic treatments in osteoarthritis (OA), and on the heterogeneity of OA patients, treatment guidelines for OA have stressed the need for research on clinical predictors of response to different treatments. A meta-analysis to quantify the effect modified by the predictors using individual patient data (IPD) is suggested. The initiative to collect and analyze IPD in OA research is commenced by the OA Trial Bank. The study aims are therefore: to evaluate the efficacy of intra-articular glucocorticoids for knee or hip OA in specific subgroups of patients with severe pain and (mild) inflammatory signs, over both short-term and long-term follow-up, using IPD from existing studies; to reach consensus on the rules for cooperation in a consortium; and to develop and explore the methodological issues of meta-analysis with individual OA patient data ...
Individual patient data meta-analysis of survival data using Poisson regression models | BMC Medical Research Methodology |...Individual patient data meta-analysis of survival data using Poisson regression models | BMC Medical Research Methodology |...
An Individual Patient Data (IPD) meta-analysis is often considered the gold-standard for synthesising survival data from clinical trials. An IPD meta-analysis can be achieved by either a two-stage or a one-stage approach, depending on whether the trials are analysed separately or simultaneously. A range of one-stage hierarchical Cox models have been previously proposed, but these are known to be computationally intensive and are not currently available in all standard statistical software. We describe an alternative approach using Poisson based Generalised Linear Models (GLMs). We illustrate, through application and simulation, the Poisson approach both classically and in a Bayesian framework, in two-stage and one-stage approaches. We outline the benefits of our one-stage approach through extension to modelling treatment-covariate interactions and non-proportional hazards. Ten trials of hypertension treatment, with all-cause death the outcome of interest, are used to apply and assess the approach. We
Individual patient data meta-analysis of survival data using Poisson regression models | BMC Medical Research Methodology |...Individual patient data meta-analysis of survival data using Poisson regression models | BMC Medical Research Methodology |...
An Individual Patient Data (IPD) meta-analysis is often considered the gold-standard for synthesising survival data from clinical trials. An IPD meta-analysis can be achieved by either a two-stage or a one-stage approach, depending on whether the trials are analysed separately or simultaneously. A range of one-stage hierarchical Cox models have been previously proposed, but these are known to be computationally intensive and are not currently available in all standard statistical software. We describe an alternative approach using Poisson based Generalised Linear Models (GLMs). We illustrate, through application and simulation, the Poisson approach both classically and in a Bayesian framework, in two-stage and one-stage approaches. We outline the benefits of our one-stage approach through extension to modelling treatment-covariate interactions and non-proportional hazards. Ten trials of hypertension treatment, with all-cause death the outcome of interest, are used to apply and assess the approach. We
Acute caffeine ingestion reduces insulin sensitivity in healthy subjects: a systematic review and meta-analysis | Nutrition...Acute caffeine ingestion reduces insulin sensitivity in healthy subjects: a systematic review and meta-analysis | Nutrition...
According to previous meta-analyses, coffee consumption reduces the risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus. However, the underlying mechanism remains unknown. Whether caffeine, the key ingredient in coffee, has a beneficial effect on the glycemic homeostasis and the anti-diabetic effect is particularly controversial. The aim of this study was to summarize the effect of acute caffeine ingestion on insulin sensitivity in healthy men. A comprehensive literature search for papers published before April 2016 was conducted in EMBASE, PubMed, and Cochrane Library databases. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that investigated the effect of caffeine on insulin sensitivity in healthy humans without diabetes were included. A random effects meta-analysis was conducted using Review Manager 5.3. The search yielded 7 RCTs in which caffeine intake was the single variant. Compared with placebo, caffeine intake significantly decreased the insulin sensitivity index, with a standardized mean difference of −2.06 (95%
Non-invasive ventilation for cystic fibrosis - Ulster Institutional RepositoryNon-invasive ventilation for cystic fibrosis - Ulster Institutional Repository
Background Non-invasive ventilation (NIV) may be a means to temporarily reverse or slow the progression of respiratory failure in cystic fibrosis (CF). Objectives To compare the effect of NIV versus no NIV in people with CF. Search strategy We searched the Cochrane Cystic Fibrosis and Genetic Disorders Group Trials Register comprising references identified from comprehensive electronic database searches, handsearching relevant journals and abstract books of conference proceedings. We searched the reference lists of each trial for additional publications possibly containing other trials. Most recent search: June 2008. Selection criteria Randomised controlled trials comparing a form of pressure preset or volume preset NIV to no NIV in people with acute or chronic respiratory failure in CF. Data collection and analysis Three reviewers independently assessed trials for inclusion criteria and methodological quality, and extracted data. Main results Fifteen trials were identified; seven trials met the ...
CancerLit | definition of CancerLit by Medical dictionaryCancerLit | definition of CancerLit by Medical dictionary
Looking for online definition of CancerLit in the Medical Dictionary? CancerLit explanation free. What is CancerLit? Meaning of CancerLit medical term. What does CancerLit mean?
Individual patient data meta-analysis of diagnostic and prognostic studies in obstetrics, gynaecology and reproductive medicine...Individual patient data meta-analysis of diagnostic and prognostic studies in obstetrics, gynaecology and reproductive medicine...
Ancient Egyptian medical papyri (1550 BC) already emphasised diagnosis by physical examination as the cornerstone of the decision to treat or not to treat an ailment [1]. Today, the clinical assessment of the probability of a disease comes from a series of implicitly and explicitly performed tests. In addition to the implicit diagnostic information from history (risk factors and symptoms) and clinical examination (signs), many additional diagnostic imaging or laboratory tests are available. The accuracy of such tests requires to be appropriately assessed before they can be used in clinical practice.. Studies on primary diagnostic research typically examine the accuracy of a test isolated from history and clinical examination or do not adjust for overlap of information captured by clinical history, physical examination and additional tests. Such studies and conventional meta-analyses of their reported results will therefore not show how useful the test will be in practice [2-4].. In addition to ...
Screening Women for Intimate Partner Violence: A Systematic Review to Update the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force...Screening Women for Intimate Partner Violence: A Systematic Review to Update the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force...
Harriet L., MacMillan, Professor, Gene Feder, Professor McMaster University and University of Bristol May 18, 2012 Link between evidence and conclusion unclear in USPSTF IPV screening systematic review As two clinician-researchers involved in the intimate partner violence (IPV) screening trial (1) that featured prominently in the recent US Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) systematic review on screening women for IPV (2), we were perplexed by the authors conclusion that IPV screening can provide benefits that vary by population. This was the only trial identified as meeting the inclusion criteria to address question 1 of the review: "Does screening asymptomatic women in health care settings for current, past, or increased risk for IPV reduce exposure to IPV, physical or mental harms, or mortality?" Given that the trial results showed no differences between groups and the overall quality of the study was considered "fair", presumably the answer to question 1 would be "no" - which is what ...
Monitoring Initial Response to Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitor-Based Regimens. An Individual Patient Data Meta-Analysis...Monitoring Initial Response to Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitor-Based Regimens. An Individual Patient Data Meta-Analysis...
Thank you for your interest in spreading the word on Hypertension.. NOTE: We only request your email address so that the person you are recommending the page to knows that you wanted them to see it, and that it is not junk mail. We do not capture any email address. ...
Repeat prenatal corticosteroid prior to preterm birth: A systematic review and individual participant data meta-analysis for...Repeat prenatal corticosteroid prior to preterm birth: A systematic review and individual participant data meta-analysis for...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Repeat prenatal corticosteroid prior to preterm birth. T2 - A systematic review and individual participant data meta-analysis for the PRECISE study group (prenatal repeat corticosteroid international IPD study group: Assessing the effects using the best level of evidence) - study protocol. AU - Crowther, Caroline A.. AU - Aghajafari, Fariba. AU - Askie, Lisa M.. AU - Asztalos, Elizabeth V.. AU - Brocklehurst, Peter. AU - Bubner, Tanya K.. AU - Doyle, Lex W.. AU - Dutta, Sourabh. AU - Garite, Thomas J.. AU - Guinn, Debra A.. AU - Hallman, Mikko. AU - Hannah, Mary E.. AU - Hardy, Pollyanna. AU - Maurel, Kimberly. AU - Mazumder, Premasish. AU - McEvoy, Cynthia (Cindy). AU - Middleton, Philippa F.. AU - Murphy, Kellie E.. AU - Peltoniemi, Outi M.. AU - Peters, Dawn. AU - Sullivan, Lisa. AU - Thom, Elizabeth A.. AU - Voysey, Merryn. AU - Wapner, Ronald J.. AU - Yelland, Lisa. AU - Zhang, Sasha. PY - 2012/2/12. Y1 - 2012/2/12. N2 - Background: The aim of this individual participant ...
An individual patient data meta-analysis of 5000 patients with significant asymptomatic carotid stenosis randomised to...An individual patient data meta-analysis of 5000 patients with significant asymptomatic carotid stenosis randomised to...
We use cookies to ensure that we give you the best experience on our website. If you click Continue well assume that you are happy to receive all cookies and you wont see this message again. Click Find out more for information on how to change your cookie settings ...
Altmetric - Angioplasty (versus non surgical management) for intermittent claudicationAltmetric - Angioplasty (versus non surgical management) for intermittent claudication
Intermittent claudication is pain in the legs due to muscle ischaemia associated with arterial stenosis or occlusion. Angioplasty is a technique that involves dilatation and recanalisation of a stenosed or occluded artery. The objective of this review was to determine the effects of angioplasty of arteries in the leg when compared with non surgical therapy, or no therapy, for people with mild to moderate intermittent claudication. Sources searched include the Cochrane Peripheral Vascular Diseases Groups Specialized Trials Register (August 2006), the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL, Issue 3, 2006) and reference lists of relevant articles. The review authors also contacted investigators in the field and handsearched relevant conference proceedings (August 2006). Randomised trials of angioplasty for mild or moderate intermittent claudication. The contact author selected suitable trials and this was checked by the other review author. Both review authors assessed trial ...
Corticosteroids for acute ischaemic stroke. - Medical Research Council Population Health Research Unit (MRC PHRU)Corticosteroids for acute ischaemic stroke. - Medical Research Council Population Health Research Unit (MRC PHRU)
BACKGROUND: Much of the brain swelling in ischaemic stroke is due to cytotoxic oedema, which is related to cell membrane dysfunction. Early treatment with corticosteroids may help reduce the swelling and improve the outcomes after a stroke. OBJECTIVES: The objective of this review was to assess the effect of corticosteroids in acute presumed ischaemic stroke. SEARCH STRATEGY: We searched the Cochrane Stroke Group trials register and contacted investigators in the field. SELECTION CRITERIA: Published randomised trials comparing corticosteroids with placebo or control in people with acute (presumed or definite) ischaemic stroke. Trials were included if treatment began within 48 hours of stroke onset and if clinical outcome was assessed. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: Two reviewers independently applied the inclusion criteria, assessed trial quality and extracted the data. MAIN RESULTS: Seven trials involving 453 people were included. Details of trial quality that may relate to bias were not available from
Moxibustion for ulcerative colitis: a systematic review and meta-analysis | BMC Gastroenterology | Full TextMoxibustion for ulcerative colitis: a systematic review and meta-analysis | BMC Gastroenterology | Full Text
Complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) is increasingly used for treatment of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Acupuncture-type treatments are among the most popular options. Several studies have reported that moxibustion is effective in ulcerative colitis (UC). The objective of this review was to assess the clinical evidence for or against moxibustion as a treatment for UC. We searched the literature using 18 databases from their inception to February 10, 2010, without language restrictions. We included randomized clinical trials (RCTs), in which human patients with UC were treated with moxibustion. Studies were included if they were placebo-controlled or controlled against a drug therapy or no treatment group. The methodological quality of all RCTs was assessed using the Cochrane risk of bias. In total, five RCTs were included. All were of low methodological quality. They compared the effects of moxibustion with conventional drug therapy. Three tested moxibustion against sulfasalazine and two
Adaptive randomization of neratinib in early breast cancer<...Adaptive randomization of neratinib in early breast cancer<...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Adaptive randomization of neratinib in early breast cancer. AU - the I-SPY 2 Investigators. AU - Park, John W.. AU - Liu, Minetta C.. AU - Yee, Douglas. AU - Yau, Christina. AU - Vant Veer, Laura J.. AU - Symmans, W. Fraser. AU - Paoloni, Melissa. AU - Perlmutter, Jane. AU - Hylton, Nola M.. AU - Hogarth, Michael. AU - DeMichele, Angela. AU - Buxton, Meredith B.. AU - Chien, A. Jo. AU - Wallace, Anne M.. AU - Boughey, Judy C.. AU - Haddad, Tufia C.. AU - Chui, Stephen Y.. AU - Kemmer, Kathleen A.. AU - Kaplan, Henry G.. AU - Isaacs, Claudine. AU - Nanda, Rita. AU - Tripathy, Debasish. AU - Albain, Kathy S.. AU - Edmiston, Kirsten K.. AU - Elias, Anthony D.. AU - Northfelt, Donald W.. AU - Pusztai, Lajos. AU - Moulder, Stacy L.. AU - Lang, Julie E.. AU - Viscusi, Rebecca K.. AU - Euhus, David M.. AU - Haley, Barbara B.. AU - Khan, Qamar J.. AU - Wood, William C.. AU - Melisko, Michelle. AU - Schwab, Richard. AU - Helsten, Teresa. AU - Lyandres, Julia. AU - Davis, Sarah E.. AU - ...
Interference of blood pressure control within 24 hours in acute ischemic stroke: systematic review protocol | Critical Care |...Interference of blood pressure control within 24 hours in acute ischemic stroke: systematic review protocol | Critical Care |...
Review authors will work independently to assess risk of bias using criteria described in the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions (Higgins 2011) to assess trial quality. This set of criteria is based on evidence of associations between overestimate of effect and high risk of bias of the article such as sequence generation, allocation concealment, blinding, incomplete outcome data and selective reporting. If the raters disagreed, the final rating was made by consensus, with the involvement of another member of the review group. Where inadequate details of randomization and other characteristics of trials were provided, authors of the studies were contacted in order to obtain further information. Nonconcurrence in quality assessment was reported, but if disputes arose as to in which category a trial was to be allocated, again, resolution was made by discussion. The level of risk of bias was noted in both the text of the review and in the "Summary of findings tables". ...
Meta-regression models to address heterogeneity and inconsistency in network meta-analysis of survival outcomes | BMC Medical...Meta-regression models to address heterogeneity and inconsistency in network meta-analysis of survival outcomes | BMC Medical...
Recently, network meta-analysis of survival data with a multidimensional treatment effect was introduced. With these models the hazard ratio is not assumed to be constant over time, thereby reducing the possibility of violating transitivity in indirect comparisons. However, bias is still present if there are systematic differences in treatment effect modifiers across comparisons. In this paper we present multidimensional network meta-analysis models for time-to-event data that are extended with covariates to explain heterogeneity and adjust for confounding bias in the synthesis of evidence networks of randomized controlled trials. The impact of a covariate on the treatment effect can be assumed to be treatment specific or constant for all treatments compared. An illustrative example analysis is presented for a network of randomized controlled trials evaluating different interventions for advanced melanoma. Incorporating a covariate related to the study date resulted in different estimates for the hazard
Are homoeopathic remedies effective for delayed-onset muscle soreness: a systematic review of placebo-controlled trialsAre homoeopathic remedies effective for delayed-onset muscle soreness: a systematic review of placebo-controlled trials
The authors included non-English trials in the review. The inclusion criteria for the individual trials and their participants were stated, and the author assessed the quality of the primary trials. It was not stated, however, how the trials were selected for inclusion or how study quality was assessed.. The authors listed the primary trials and the data extracted in tabular format, and discussed these data in the review. However, some of the participants details, i.e. age and gender, were not reported consistently.. The authors presented the data in a narrative format but did not report any statistical measurements that were used in the individual trials. This made it impossible to verify the results stated by the authors in this review. Heterogeneity was assessed in the narrative, based on the study characteristics used in the trials.. It was not possible to evaluate whether the authors conclusions were supported by their review due to the lack of primary data reported.. ...
Systemic therapy for treating locoregional recurrence in women with breast cancer: Cochrane systematic review | Cochrane...Systemic therapy for treating locoregional recurrence in women with breast cancer: Cochrane systematic review | Cochrane...
Systemic therapy for treating locoregional recurrence in women with breast cancer: Cochrane systematic review answers are found in the Cochrane Abstracts powered by Unbound Medicine. Available for iPhone, iPad, Android, and Web.
BRILINTAs Phase III THEMIS trial met primary endpoint in patients with established coronary artery disease and type-2 diabetesBRILINTA's Phase III THEMIS trial met primary endpoint in patients with established coronary artery disease and type-2 diabetes
BRILINTA reduced cardiovascular events in these patients with no prior heart attack or stroke. The Phase III THEMIS trial met its primary endpoint which demonstrated that BRILINTA® (ticagrelor) tablets, taken in conjunction with aspirin, showed a statistically-significant reduction in major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE, a composite of cardiovascular death, heart attack and stroke) compared to aspirin alone.. THEMIS was conducted in over 19,000 patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) and type-2 diabetes (T2D) with no prior heart attack or stroke. Preliminary safety results were consistent with the known profile of BRILINTA. A full evaluation of the THEMIS data will be presented at a forthcoming medical meeting.. Elisabeth Björk, Senior Vice President, Head of late Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism, R&D BioPharmaceuticals, said: "Approaches to help reduce cardiovascular morbidity further in patients with coronary artery disease and type-2 diabetes are urgently needed. The positive ...
Drug class review : final original report, Newer diabetes medications, TZDs, and combinations - University of LiverpoolDrug class review : final original report, Newer diabetes medications, TZDs, and combinations - University of Liverpool
PURPOSE: To compare the effectiveness and adverse event profiles of amylin agonists, DPP-4 inhibitors, incretin mimetics, TZDs, and certain combination products for people with type 2 diabetes and for people with type 1 diabetes for pramlintide only. DATA SOURCES: To identify published studies, we searched MEDLINE, The Cochrane Library, Embase, International Pharmaceutical Abstracts, and reference lists of included studies through July 2010. We also requested dossiers of information from pharmaceutical manufacturers. REVIEW METHODS: Study selection, data abstraction, validity assessment, grading the strength of the evidence (SOE), and data synthesis were all carried out according to standard Drug Effectiveness Review Project methods. RESULTS: Most of the evidence was limited to adult populations. Most of the included studies evaluated intermediate outcomes, such as HbA1c or weight. Very few studies reported health outcomes and few studies were longer than 6 months. For the amylin agonists, ...
Cyclosporin as an oral corticosteroid sparing agent in stable asthma: Cochrane systematic review | Cochrane AbstractsCyclosporin as an oral corticosteroid sparing agent in stable asthma: Cochrane systematic review | Cochrane Abstracts
Cyclosporin as an oral corticosteroid sparing agent in stable asthma: Cochrane systematic review answers are found in the Cochrane Abstracts powered by Unbound Medicine. Available for iPhone, iPad, Android, and Web.
Agriculture Conference, Sustainable Agriculture Conference, Agricultural Conferences - ProceedingsAgriculture Conference, Sustainable Agriculture Conference, Agricultural Conferences - Proceedings
Stay up to date with the latest agricultural practices and innovations with agricultural conference and sustainable agriculture conference proceedings. We have proceedings for most agricultural conferences.
Conference Proceeding | Survival vs. Revenue: Modelling and Reasoning on Population Dynamics | University of StirlingConference Proceeding | Survival vs. Revenue: Modelling and Reasoning on Population Dynamics | University of Stirling
Conference Proceeding: Bracciali A, Caravagna G & Ullah A (2013) Survival vs. Revenue: Modelling and Reasoning on Population Dynamics. In: Wainer G, Mosterman P, Barros F & Zacharewicz G (eds.) DEVS 13 Proceedings of the Symposium on Theory of Modeling & Simulation - DEVS Integrative M&S Symposium. Symposium on Theory of Modeling and Simulation (TMS 2013), San Diego, CA, USA, 07.04.2013-10.04.2013. San Diego, CA, USA: Society for Computer Simulation International. http://www.tms-devs.org/
Birth Weight and Systolic Blood Pressure in Adolescence and Adulthood: Meta-Regression Analysis of Sex- and Age-specific...Birth Weight and Systolic Blood Pressure in Adolescence and Adulthood: Meta-Regression Analysis of Sex- and Age-specific...
Birth Weight and Systolic Blood Pressure in Adolescence and Adulthood: Meta-Regression Analysis of Sex- and Age-specific Results from 20 Nordic Studies ...
Does economics add up? An introduction to meta-regression analysis - DRODoes economics add up? An introduction to meta-regression analysis - DRO
Stanley, T.D. 2013, Does economics add up? An introduction to meta-regression analysis, European journal of economics and economic policies: intervention, vol. 10, no. 2, pp. 207-220, doi: 10.4337/ejeep.2013.02.05. ...
PharmaCIT: Meta-analysis: low-dose aspirin (modestly) reduces risk of pre-eclampsia.PharmaCIT: Meta-analysis: low-dose aspirin (modestly) reduces risk of pre-eclampsia.
They carried out a comprehensive literature search using a relevant secondary database that is regularly updated from other databases. Eligible studies were randomised controlled trials of women at risk of pre-eclampsia treated for primary prevention with one or more anti-platelet agents, against controls of placebo or no treatment. Where potentially eligible trials included both primary and secondary prevention arms, only patients in the primary prevention arm were included in the analysis. Variables for the analysis were pre-specified, and anonymised data for patients in all eligible trials was requested from the original study authors; this was re-coded if necessary, checked for consistency, corrected where necessary, and finally agreed with the original authors. Four primary outcomes were defined: pre-eclampsia, death in utero or before hospital discharge, delivery pre-term at less than 34 weeks gestation, and infant small for gestational age. These were combined as an additional composite ...
PharmaCIT: Meta-analysis: low-dose aspirin (modestly) reduces risk of pre-eclampsia.PharmaCIT: Meta-analysis: low-dose aspirin (modestly) reduces risk of pre-eclampsia.
They carried out a comprehensive literature search using a relevant secondary database that is regularly updated from other databases. Eligible studies were randomised controlled trials of women at risk of pre-eclampsia treated for primary prevention with one or more anti-platelet agents, against controls of placebo or no treatment. Where potentially eligible trials included both primary and secondary prevention arms, only patients in the primary prevention arm were included in the analysis. Variables for the analysis were pre-specified, and anonymised data for patients in all eligible trials was requested from the original study authors; this was re-coded if necessary, checked for consistency, corrected where necessary, and finally agreed with the original authors. Four primary outcomes were defined: pre-eclampsia, death in utero or before hospital discharge, delivery pre-term at less than 34 weeks gestation, and infant small for gestational age. These were combined as an additional composite ...
9780415670784: Meta-Regression Analysis in Economics and Business (Routledge Advances in Research Methods) - AbeBooks - T.D....9780415670784: Meta-Regression Analysis in Economics and Business (Routledge Advances in Research Methods) - AbeBooks - T.D....
AbeBooks.com: Meta-Regression Analysis in Economics and Business (Routledge Advances in Research Methods) (9780415670784) by T.D. Stanley; Hristos Doucouliagos and a great selection of similar New, Used and Collectible Books available now at great prices.
Funding source, trial outcome and reporting quality: are they related? Results of a pilot study | BMC Health Services Research ...Funding source, trial outcome and reporting quality: are they related? Results of a pilot study | BMC Health Services Research ...
There has been increasing concern regarding the potential effects of the commercialization of research. In order to examine the relationships between funding source, trial outcome and reporting quality, recent issues of five peer-reviewed, high impact factor, general medical journals were hand-searched to identify a sample of 100 randomized controlled trials (20 trials/journal). Relevant data, including funding source (industry/not-for-profit/mixed/not reported) and statistical significance of primary outcome (favouring new treatment/favouring conventional treatment/neutral/unclear), were abstracted. Quality scores were assigned using the Jadad scale and the adequacy of allocation concealment. Sixty-six percent of trials received some industry funding. Trial outcome was not associated with funding source (p= .461). There was a preponderance of favourable statistical conclusions among published trials with 67% reporting results that favored a new treatment whereas 6% favoured the conventional treatment.
MelatoninMelatonin
MelatoninMelatonin
Pascaline DupasPascaline Dupas
Airway managementAirway management
Vitamin DVitamin D
Ulrich TrautweinUlrich Trautwein
Medical literatureMedical literature
Clinical study designClinical study design
Health policyHealth policy
List of important publications in medicineList of important publications in medicine
List of vaccine topicsList of vaccine topics
Kent HoltorfKent Holtorf
Evidence-based nursingEvidence-based nursing
Ionized jewelryIonized jewelry
Duct tapeDuct tape
Stress hyperglycemiaStress hyperglycemia
Stepped-wedge trialStepped-wedge trial
Science information on WikipediaScience information on Wikipedia
Conditional cash transferConditional cash transfer
Dean KarlanDean Karlan
Randomized controlled trialRandomized controlled trial
Alejandro R. Jadad BecharaAlejandro R. Jadad Bechara
Negative air ionization therapyNegative air ionization therapy
BifidobacteriumBifidobacterium
SalonpasSalonpas
International emergency medicineInternational emergency medicine
MEDLINEMEDLINE
Choosing Wisely CanadaChoosing Wisely Canada
Bobath conceptBobath concept
Michael FrassMichael Frass
Alternative medicineAlternative medicine
Mann-Whitney U testMann-Whitney U test
ChiropracticChiropractic
DowsingDowsing
Herbal teaHerbal tea
GingerGinger
Health professionalHealth professional
TeaTea
Healthcare in CubaHealthcare in Cuba
Index of HIV/AIDS-related articlesIndex of HIV/AIDS-related articles
Probability distributionProbability distribution
Vitamin CVitamin C
CholangiocarcinomaCholangiocarcinoma
Funding of scienceFunding of science
Radiation therapyRadiation therapy
Sleep disorderSleep disorder
Low-carbohydrate dietLow-carbohydrate diet
Epigenetics of neurodegenerative diseasesEpigenetics of neurodegenerative diseases
PubMedPubMed
Food allergyFood allergy
ProbioticProbiotic
Opinion pollOpinion poll
Open accessOpen access
Random assignmentRandom assignment
Early intervention in psychosisEarly intervention in psychosis
Students t-testStudent's t-test
Bag valve maskBag valve mask
ReproducibilityReproducibility
Structural equation modelingStructural equation modeling
DiseasesChemicals and DrugsAnalytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and EquipmentPsychiatry and PsychologyPhenomena and ProcessesDisciplines and OccupationsAnthropology, Education, Sociology and Social PhenomenaTechnology, Industry, AgricultureHumanitiesInformation ScienceNamed GroupsHealth CareGeographicals
Clinical Trials as TopicResearch DesignClinical Trials, Phase III as TopicDouble-Blind MethodTreatment OutcomeClinical Trials, Phase II as TopicClinical Trials, Phase I as TopicControlled Clinical Trials as TopicPeriodicals as TopicCongresses as TopicEvidence-Based MedicineTime FactorsReview Literature as TopicAbstracting and Indexing as TopicPatient SelectionTextbooks as TopicPlacebosClinical ProtocolsMulticenter Studies as TopicFollow-Up StudiesProspective StudiesPatient Education as TopicEarly Termination of Clinical TrialsSingle-Blind MethodGuidelines as TopicMeta-Analysis as TopicClinical Trials Data Monitoring CommitteesPractice Guidelines as TopicBenchmarkingTerminology as TopicDrug Administration ScheduleInterviews as TopicUnited StatesQuestionnairesNeoplasmsPilot ProjectsProgrammed Instruction as TopicClinical Trials, Phase IV as TopicQuality of LifeCost-Benefit AnalysisSample SizeDrug Therapy, CombinationOutcome Assessment (Health Care)Randomized Controlled Trials as TopicRisk FactorsBiomedical ResearchResearch Support as TopicHerbals as TopicAntineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy ProtocolsRisk AssessmentAntineoplastic AgentsCombined Modality TherapySeverity of Illness IndexSurvival AnalysisInternetPublishingPatient ComplianceBookplates as TopicBroadsides as TopicRecurrenceCurriculumFeasibility StudiesAdministration, OralDietary SupplementsResearchDose-Response Relationship, DrugWebcasts as TopicCross-Over StudiesResearch SubjectsIntention to Treat AnalysisManuscripts as TopicPatient SatisfactionDisease-Free SurvivalRandom AllocationReproducibility of ResultsProgram EvaluationCommunicationGreat BritainHealth Knowledge, Attitudes, PracticeSurvival RateExercise TherapyPain MeasurementBreast NeoplasmsData Interpretation, StatisticalData CollectionInformed ConsentPrognosisCognitive TherapyStrokePatient ParticipationHealth PromotionInfusions, IntravenousPregnancyTrial of LaborMEDLINEHealth EducationCounselingStatistics as TopicPlacebo EffectBibliometricsDisease ProgressionChronic DiseaseAnalysis of VarianceNetherlandsDrug EvaluationSocieties, MedicalDecision MakingMedical OncologyAlmanacs as TopicDrug IndustryTeachingInfant, NewbornEvaluation Studies as TopicHIV InfectionsBias (Epidemiology)Acute DiseasePainPrimary Health CareExerciseDatabases as TopicSafetyChemotherapy, AdjuvantAge FactorsDatabases, BibliographicIncunabula as TopicDrug CombinationsAttitude of Health PersonnelKaplan-Meier EstimateCanadaMotivationLung NeoplasmsTreatment FailureClinical CompetenceCorrespondence as TopicEuropeQualitative ResearchCluster AnalysisPublication BiasResearch PersonnelArchitecture as TopicSelf CarePhysician-Patient RelationsBiological MarkersAlgorithmsDrug-Related Side Effects and Adverse ReactionsRetrospective StudiesGermanyPredictive Value of TestsRisk Reduction BehaviorPatient DropoutsEducation, Medical, ContinuingIncidenceEducationPragmatic Clinical Trials as TopicUnited States Food and Drug AdministrationFocus GroupsNeoplasm StagingMyocardial InfarctionAustraliaTherapeutic Human ExperimentationChi-Square DistributionPostoperative ComplicationsFluorouracilPhysical Therapy ModalitiesAntibodies, MonoclonalPhytotherapyEthics, MedicalPublicationsHealth Care CostsInformation Storage and RetrievalDrug ApprovalMass ScreeningCohort StudiesNewspapersCardiovascular DiseasesStatistics, NonparametricModels, StatisticalTherapy, Computer-AssistedAntibodies, Monoclonal, HumanizedHistory, 20th CenturyRecovery of FunctionInternationalitySmoking CessationProgram DevelopmentComputer-Assisted InstructionPaclitaxelAnticoagulantsBehavior TherapyEducation, MedicalPain ManagementAnti-Bacterial AgentsPubMedPhysiologyProportional Hazards ModelsCookbooks as TopicDietLearningCisplatinDrugs, InvestigationalNeoplasm Recurrence, LocalTelephone
Low intensity pulsed ultrasound for bone healing: systematic review of randomized controlled trials | The BMJLow intensity pulsed ultrasound for bone healing: systematic review of randomized controlled trials | The BMJ
TNO Repository search for: subject:Randomized controlled trial (topic)TNO Repository search for: subject:'Randomized controlled trial (topic)'
Randomized Controlled Trials as Evidence in Legal Disputes About the Benefits of Complementary and Alternative Medicine | RANDRandomized Controlled Trials as Evidence in Legal Disputes About the Benefits of Complementary and Alternative Medicine | RAND
Delivery of Evidence-Based Treatment for Multiple Anxiety Disorders in Primary Care: A Randomized Controlled Trial | RANDDelivery of Evidence-Based Treatment for Multiple Anxiety Disorders in Primary Care: A Randomized Controlled Trial | RAND
Tackling the outcome bias related to the effectiveness of antibiotics against the common cold: results of a randomized...Tackling the outcome bias related to the effectiveness of antibiotics against the common cold: results of a randomized...
A Pilot Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Parallel Design, Multicenter Trial to Evaluate the Effect of Ranitidine...A Pilot Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Parallel Design, Multicenter Trial to Evaluate the Effect of Ranitidine...
Ursodiol Prophylaxis against Hepatic Complications of Allogeneic Bone Marrow TransplantationA Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo...Ursodiol Prophylaxis against Hepatic Complications of Allogeneic Bone Marrow TransplantationA Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo...
Steroid Pretreatment of Organ Donors to Prevent Postischemic Renal Allograft FailureA Randomized, Controlled Trial | Annals of...Steroid Pretreatment of Organ Donors to Prevent Postischemic Renal Allograft FailureA Randomized, Controlled Trial | Annals of...
Teaching Critical Appraisal: A Pilot Randomized Controlled Outcomes Trial in Undergraduate Osteopathic Medical Education | The...Teaching Critical Appraisal: A Pilot Randomized Controlled Outcomes Trial in Undergraduate Osteopathic Medical Education | The...
Targeting Patient Subgroups With Chronic Low Back Pain for Osteopathic Manipulative Treatment: Responder Analyses From a...Targeting Patient Subgroups With Chronic Low Back Pain for Osteopathic Manipulative Treatment: Responder Analyses From a...
Multicenter, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trialMulticenter, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial
Amoxicillin for acute rhinosinusitis: a randomized controlled trial.Amoxicillin for acute rhinosinusitis: a randomized controlled trial.
A placebo controlled randomized clinical trial of Crocus sativus L.A placebo controlled randomized clinical trial of Crocus sativus L.
Clinical Trials by TopicClinical Trials by Topic
A Double-blind, Randomized, Placebo-controlled Trial of Lactobacillus acidophilus for the Treatment of Acute Watery Diarrhea in...A Double-blind, Randomized, Placebo-controlled Trial of Lactobacillus acidophilus for the Treatment of Acute Watery Diarrhea in...
Reduction of Iron Stores and Cardiovascular Outcomes in Patients With Peripheral Arterial Disease: A Randomized Controlled TrialReduction of Iron Stores and Cardiovascular Outcomes in Patients With Peripheral Arterial Disease: A Randomized Controlled Trial
IJERPH | Free Full-Text | Effects of Horticultural Therapy on Asian Older Adults: A Randomized Controlled Trial | HTMLIJERPH | Free Full-Text | Effects of Horticultural Therapy on Asian Older Adults: A Randomized Controlled Trial | HTML
Using Community-Based Participatory Research to Design, Conduct, and Evaluate Randomized Controlled Trials with American Indian...Using Community-Based Participatory Research to Design, Conduct, and Evaluate Randomized Controlled Trials with American Indian...
A Randomized Controlled Trial to Motivate and Sustain Physical Activity using Financial Incentives (TAKSI) | Duke Global Health...A Randomized Controlled Trial to Motivate and Sustain Physical Activity using Financial Incentives (TAKSI) | Duke Global Health...
A Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial of a Lay Health Worker Intervention to Increase Healthy Eating and Physical Activity...A Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial of a Lay Health Worker Intervention to Increase Healthy Eating and Physical Activity...
Adapting web-based instruction to residents knowledge improves learning efficiency: a randomized controlled trial. - PubMed -...Adapting web-based instruction to residents' knowledge improves learning efficiency: a randomized controlled trial. - PubMed -...
Effect of a topical diclofenac solution for relieving symptoms of primary osteoarthritis of the knee: a randomized controlled...Effect of a topical diclofenac solution for relieving symptoms of primary osteoarthritis of the knee: a randomized controlled...
Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor for acute ischemic stroke: a randomized controlled trial | CMAJGranulocyte colony-stimulating factor for acute ischemic stroke: a randomized controlled trial | CMAJ
Clinical trials in irritable bowel syndro... & related info | MendeleyClinical trials in irritable bowel syndro... & related info | Mendeley
Extracting summary statistics to perform meta-analyses of the published literature for survival endpointsExtracting summary statistics to perform meta-analyses of the published literature for survival endpoints
Associations of ghrelin with eating behaviors, stress, metabolic factors, and telomere length among overweight and obese women:...Associations of ghrelin with eating behaviors, stress, metabolic factors, and telomere length among overweight and obese women:...
Interventions for preventing nausea and v... & related info | MendeleyInterventions for preventing nausea and v... & related info | Mendeley
Low Vision | Topic Collections | IOVS | ARVO JournalsLow Vision | Topic Collections | IOVS | ARVO Journals
Publications | AIDS Clinical Trials GroupPublications | AIDS Clinical Trials Group
Publications | AIDS Clinical Trials GroupPublications | AIDS Clinical Trials Group
DiseasesChemicals and DrugsAnalytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and EquipmentPsychiatry and PsychologyPhenomena and ProcessesDisciplines and OccupationsAnthropology, Education, Sociology and Social PhenomenaTechnology, Industry, AgricultureHumanitiesInformation ScienceNamed GroupsHealth CareGeographicals
Clinical Trials as TopicResearch DesignClinical Trials, Phase III as TopicDouble-Blind MethodTreatment OutcomeClinical Trials, Phase II as TopicClinical Trials, Phase I as TopicControlled Clinical Trials as TopicPeriodicals as TopicCongresses as TopicEvidence-Based MedicineTime FactorsReview Literature as TopicAbstracting and Indexing as TopicPatient SelectionTextbooks as TopicPlacebosClinical ProtocolsMulticenter Studies as TopicFollow-Up StudiesProspective StudiesPatient Education as TopicEarly Termination of Clinical TrialsSingle-Blind MethodGuidelines as TopicMeta-Analysis as TopicClinical Trials Data Monitoring CommitteesPractice Guidelines as TopicBenchmarkingTerminology as TopicDrug Administration ScheduleInterviews as TopicUnited StatesQuestionnairesNeoplasmsPilot ProjectsProgrammed Instruction as TopicClinical Trials, Phase IV as TopicQuality of LifeCost-Benefit AnalysisSample SizeDrug Therapy, CombinationOutcome Assessment (Health Care)Randomized Controlled Trials as TopicRisk FactorsBiomedical ResearchResearch Support as TopicHerbals as TopicAntineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy ProtocolsRisk AssessmentAntineoplastic AgentsCombined Modality TherapySeverity of Illness IndexSurvival AnalysisInternetPublishingPatient ComplianceBookplates as TopicBroadsides as TopicRecurrenceCurriculumFeasibility StudiesAdministration, OralDietary SupplementsResearchDose-Response Relationship, DrugWebcasts as TopicCross-Over StudiesResearch SubjectsIntention to Treat AnalysisManuscripts as TopicPatient SatisfactionDisease-Free SurvivalRandom AllocationReproducibility of ResultsProgram EvaluationCommunicationGreat BritainHealth Knowledge, Attitudes, PracticeSurvival RateExercise TherapyPain MeasurementBreast NeoplasmsData Interpretation, StatisticalData CollectionInformed ConsentPrognosisCognitive TherapyStrokePatient ParticipationHealth PromotionInfusions, IntravenousPregnancyTrial of LaborMEDLINEHealth EducationCounselingStatistics as TopicPlacebo EffectBibliometricsDisease ProgressionChronic DiseaseAnalysis of VarianceNetherlandsDrug EvaluationSocieties, MedicalDecision MakingMedical OncologyAlmanacs as TopicDrug IndustryTeachingInfant, NewbornEvaluation Studies as TopicHIV InfectionsBias (Epidemiology)Acute DiseasePainPrimary Health CareExerciseDatabases as TopicSafetyChemotherapy, AdjuvantAge FactorsDatabases, BibliographicIncunabula as TopicDrug CombinationsAttitude of Health PersonnelKaplan-Meier EstimateCanadaMotivationLung NeoplasmsTreatment FailureClinical CompetenceCorrespondence as TopicEuropeQualitative ResearchCluster AnalysisPublication BiasResearch PersonnelArchitecture as TopicSelf CarePhysician-Patient RelationsBiological MarkersAlgorithmsDrug-Related Side Effects and Adverse ReactionsRetrospective StudiesGermanyPredictive Value of TestsRisk Reduction BehaviorPatient DropoutsEducation, Medical, ContinuingIncidenceEducationPragmatic Clinical Trials as TopicUnited States Food and Drug AdministrationFocus GroupsNeoplasm StagingMyocardial InfarctionAustraliaTherapeutic Human ExperimentationChi-Square DistributionPostoperative ComplicationsFluorouracilPhysical Therapy ModalitiesAntibodies, MonoclonalPhytotherapyEthics, MedicalPublicationsHealth Care CostsInformation Storage and RetrievalDrug ApprovalMass ScreeningCohort StudiesNewspapersCardiovascular DiseasesStatistics, NonparametricModels, StatisticalTherapy, Computer-AssistedAntibodies, Monoclonal, HumanizedHistory, 20th CenturyRecovery of FunctionInternationalitySmoking CessationProgram DevelopmentComputer-Assisted InstructionPaclitaxelAnticoagulantsBehavior TherapyEducation, MedicalPain ManagementAnti-Bacterial AgentsPubMedPhysiologyProportional Hazards ModelsCookbooks as TopicDietLearningCisplatinDrugs, InvestigationalNeoplasm Recurrence, LocalTelephone
Selection Randomized controInterventionsEvidencePatients were randomizedCluster-randomizedPlacebo-controlled trial of adultsCochrane Central Register of Controlled TrialsStudyEvaluationDouble-BlindProspectiveInsulin ResistanceComplicationsDesignMedianRandomlyAerobic exercisePulmonaryEpidemiologyCentersDementiaPrimaryTelomereInclusion criteriaAcuteOsteoarthritisSymptomsConductInvestigateSearchSubjects
Selection Randomized contro1
Interventions6
Evidence14
Patients were randomized2
Cluster-randomized2
Placebo-controlled trial of adults2
  • A randomized, placebo-controlled trial of adults with uncomplicated, acute rhinosinusitis were recruited from 10 community practices in Missouri between November 1, 2006, and May 1, 2009. (greenmedinfo.com)
  • Translating preclinical findings to humans, the investigators administered BCG, a generic vaccine, in a proof-of-principle, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial of adults with long-term type 1 diabetes (mean, 15.3 years) at one clinical center in North America. (acc.org)
Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials2
Study25
Evaluation3
Double-Blind5
Prospective2
Insulin Resistance1
Complications1
Design4
Median1
  • The median difference in the change scores pre- and post-training of the modified RBANS total score was 8.0 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.0-16.0, P =0.042) higher in the intervention arm than waitlist control, while the mean difference was 9.0 (95% CI: 1.7-16.2, P =0.017). (dovepress.com)
Randomly7
Aerobic exercise2
  • Children ( N = 181) aged between 10 and 12 years were assigned to either a 6-week physical education program with a high level of physical exertion and high cognitive engagement ( team games ), a physical education program with high physical exertion but low cognitive engagement ( aerobic exercise ), or to a physical education program with both low physical exertion and low cognitive engagement ( control condition ). (humankinetics.com)
  • Importantly, an improvement in shifting performance was found only in the team games and not in the aerobic exercise or control condition. (humankinetics.com)
Pulmonary1
Epidemiology1
Centers2
  • Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (cdc.gov)
  • This website was initially supported in part by a cooperative agreement from the Disability and Health Team of the National Center on Birth Defects and Developmental Disabilities of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (aahd.us)
Dementia1
Primary2
  • The objective of this trial was to assess the safety and efficacy of a topical diclofenac solution in relieving the symptoms of primary osteoarthritis of the knee. (cmaj.ca)
  • The primary endpoint of the trial is the Severe Impairment Battery (SIB) and the secondary endpoints are the Mini Mental State Exam (MMSE), Activity of Daily Living (ADL) and Neuropsychiatric Inventory scale (NPI). (medindia.net)
Telomere1
Inclusion criteria2
Acute2
Osteoarthritis2
Symptoms1
  • Subcutaneous or sublingual immunotherapy should be considered if usual treatments do not adequately control symptoms and in patients with allergic asthma. (aafp.org)
Conduct1
Investigate2
Search3
  • In reviewing critical appraisal on a graduate medical education level, Green 4 found only four studies in a search of databases covering 1973 through 1998 that met minimal methodologic standards (ie, a pretest-posttest controlled trial). (jaoa.org)
  • Search the NCJRS Abstracts Database for resources on this topic. (crimesolutions.gov)
  • You can also search Pub Med for more abstracts on this, or any other health topic. (chiro.org)
Subjects1
  • Subjects were randomized to an APCD (Flexitouch system, HCPCS E0652) or SPCD (Bio Compression 2004, HCPCS E0651) used for home treatment 1 h/day for 12 weeks. (springer.com)