Random allocation. Medical search

A process involving chance used in therapeutic trials or other research endeavor for allocating experimental subjects, human or animal, between treatment and control groups, or among treatment groups. It may also apply to experiments on inanimate objects.

The injection of drugs, most often analgesics, into the spinal canal without puncturing the dura mater.

A rapid-onset, short-acting cholinesterase inhibitor used in cardiac arrhythmias and in the diagnosis of myasthenia gravis. It has also been used as an antidote to curare principles.

Works about clinical trials that involve at least one test treatment and one control treatment, concurrent enrollment and follow-up of the test- and control-treated groups, and in which the treatments to be administered are selected by a random process, such as the use of a random-numbers table.

Production of an image when x-rays strike a fluorescent screen.

A plan for collecting and utilizing data so that desired information can be obtained with sufficient precision or so that an hypothesis can be tested properly.

Drugs that block nerve conduction when applied locally to nerve tissue in appropriate concentrations. They act on any part of the nervous system and on every type of nerve fiber. In contact with a nerve trunk, these anesthetics can cause both sensory and motor paralysis in the innervated area. Their action is completely reversible. (From Gilman AG, et. al., Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 8th ed) Nearly all local anesthetics act by reducing the tendency of voltage-dependent sodium channels to activate.

Societal or individual decisions about the equitable distribution of available resources.

A method of studying a drug or procedure in which both the subjects and investigators are kept unaware of who is actually getting which specific treatment.

Evaluation undertaken to assess the results or consequences of management and procedures used in combating disease in order to determine the efficacy, effectiveness, safety, and practicability of these interventions in individual cases or series.

Planning for the equitable allocation, apportionment, or distribution of available health resources.

The administrative procedures involved with acquiring TISSUES or organs for TRANSPLANTATION through various programs, systems, or organizations. These procedures include obtaining consent from TISSUE DONORS and arranging for transportation of donated tissues and organs, after TISSUE HARVESTING, to HOSPITALS for processing and transplantation.

Total mass of all the organisms of a given type and/or in a given area. (From Concise Dictionary of Biology, 1990) It includes the yield of vegetative mass produced from any given crop.

Prospective patient listings for appointments or treatments.

The number of males per 100 females.

The total process by which organisms produce offspring. (Stedman, 25th ed)

Available manpower, facilities, revenue, equipment, and supplies to produce requisite health care and services.

Detailed financial plans for carrying out specific activities for a certain period of time. They include proposed income and expenditures.

Criteria and standards used for the determination of the appropriateness of the inclusion of patients with specific conditions in proposed treatment plans and the criteria used for the inclusion of subjects in various clinical trials and other research protocols.

The above-ground plant without the roots.

Planning for health resources at a regional or multi-state level.

Focusing on certain aspects of current experience to the exclusion of others. It is the act of heeding or taking notice or concentrating.

An interactive process whereby members of a community are concerned for the equality and rights of all.

Expanded structures, usually green, of vascular plants, characteristically consisting of a bladelike expansion attached to a stem, and functioning as the principal organ of photosynthesis and transpiration. (American Heritage Dictionary, 2d ed)

Final stage of a liver disease when the liver failure is irreversible and LIVER TRANSPLANTATION is needed.

Individuals supplying living tissue, organs, cells, blood or blood components for transfer or transplantation to histocompatible recipients.

An element with the atomic symbol N, atomic number 7, and atomic weight [14.00643; 14.00728]. Nitrogen exists as a diatomic gas and makes up about 78% of the earth's atmosphere by volume. It is a constituent of proteins and nucleic acids and found in all living cells.

Preferentially rated health-related activities or functions to be used in establishing health planning goals. This may refer specifically to PL93-641.

The number of offspring produced at one birth by an oviparous or ovoviviparous animal.

The usually underground portions of a plant that serve as support, store food, and through which water and mineral nutrients enter the plant. (From American Heritage Dictionary, 1982; Concise Dictionary of Biology, 1990)

A class of free-living freshwater flatworms of North America.

New immature growth of a plant including stem, leaves, tips of branches, and SEEDLINGS.

Elements of limited time intervals, contributing to particular results or situations.

The transference of a part of or an entire liver from one human or animal to another.

Woody, usually tall, perennial higher plants (Angiosperms, Gymnosperms, and some Pterophyta) having usually a main stem and numerous branches.

Federal, state, or local government organized methods of financial assistance.

Parts of plants that usually grow vertically upwards towards the light and support the leaves, buds, and reproductive structures. (From Concise Dictionary of Biology, 1990)

Sexual activities of animals.

A philosophically coherent set of propositions (for example, utilitarianism) which attempts to provide general norms for the guidance and evaluation of moral conduct. (from Beauchamp and Childress, Principles of Biomedical Ethics, 4th ed)

A nonmetallic element with atomic symbol C, atomic number 6, and atomic weight [12.0096; 12.0116]. It may occur as several different allotropes including DIAMOND; CHARCOAL; and GRAPHITE; and as SOOT from incompletely burned fuel.

The amounts spent by individuals, groups, nations, or private or public organizations for total health care and/or its various components. These amounts may or may not be equivalent to the actual costs (HEALTH CARE COSTS) and may or may not be shared among the patient, insurers, and/or employers.

The cycle by which the element carbon is exchanged between organic matter and the earth's physical environment.

The principles of professional conduct concerning the rights and duties of the physician, relations with patients and fellow practitioners, as well as actions of the physician in patient care and interpersonal relations with patient families.

System of recording financial transactions.

The spurge family of flowering plants, in the order Euphorbiales, contains some 7,500 species in 275 genera. The family consists of annual and perennial herbs and woody shrubs or trees.

The synthesis by organisms of organic chemical compounds, especially carbohydrates, from carbon dioxide using energy obtained from light rather than from the oxidation of chemical compounds. Photosynthesis comprises two separate processes: the light reactions and the dark reactions. In higher plants; GREEN ALGAE; and CYANOBACTERIA; NADPH and ATP formed by the light reactions drive the dark reactions which result in the fixation of carbon dioxide. (from Oxford Dictionary of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 2001)

Processes orchestrated or driven by a plethora of genes, plant hormones, and inherent biological timing mechanisms facilitated by secondary molecules, which result in the systematic transformation of plants and plant parts, from one stage of maturity to another.

The unconsolidated mineral or organic matter on the surface of the earth that serves as a natural medium for the growth of land plants.

A functional system which includes the organisms of a natural community together with their environment. (McGraw Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)

A plant family of the order Caryophyllales, subclass Caryophyllidae, class Magnoliopsida. The species are diverse in appearance and habitat; most have swollen leaf and stem joints.

A method in which either the observer(s) or the subject(s) is kept ignorant of the group to which the subjects are assigned.

Theoretical representations that simulate the behavior or activity of systems, processes, or phenomena. They include the use of mathematical equations, computers, and other electronic equipment.

A method of comparing the cost of a program with its expected benefits in dollars (or other currency). The benefit-to-cost ratio is a measure of total return expected per unit of money spent. This analysis generally excludes consideration of factors that are not measured ultimately in economic terms. Cost effectiveness compares alternative ways to achieve a specific set of results.

Theoretical representations that simulate the behavior or activity of biological processes or diseases. For disease models in living animals, DISEASE MODELS, ANIMAL is available. Biological models include the use of mathematical equations, computers, and other electronic equipment.

Tissue, organ, or gamete donation intended for a designated recipient.

A plant genus of the family ASTERACEAE. The common name of snakeroot is also used for POLYGALA; SANICULA; ARISTOLOCHIA and others.

Absolute, comparative, or differential costs pertaining to services, institutions, resources, etc., or the analysis and study of these costs.

The intrinsic moral worth ascribed to a living being. (Bioethics Thesaurus)

The introduction of error due to systematic differences in the characteristics between those selected and those not selected for a given study. In sampling bias, error is the result of failure to ensure that all members of the reference population have a known chance of selection in the sample.

Abstract standards or empirical variables in social life which are believed to be important and/or desirable.

The number of units (persons, animals, patients, specified circumstances, etc.) in a population to be studied. The sample size should be big enough to have a high likelihood of detecting a true difference between two groups. (From Wassertheil-Smoller, Biostatistics and Epidemiology, 1990, p95)

The process by which decisions are made in an institution or other organization.

Animals and plants which have, as their normal mode of reproduction, both male and female sex organs in the same individual.

Decisions, usually developed by government policymakers, for determining present and future objectives pertaining to the health care system.

Statistical formulations or analyses which, when applied to data and found to fit the data, are then used to verify the assumptions and parameters used in the analysis. Examples of statistical models are the linear model, binomial model, polynomial model, two-parameter model, etc.

The process of cumulative change over successive generations through which organisms acquire their distinguishing morphological and physiological characteristics.

The selection or choice of sexual partner in animals. Often this reproductive preference is based on traits in the potential mate, such as coloration, size, or behavioral boldness. If the chosen ones are genetically different from the rejected ones, then NATURAL SELECTION is occurring.

The transference of a kidney from one human or animal to another.

A dead body, usually a human body.

The physical measurements of a body.

In gonochoristic organisms, congenital conditions in which development of chromosomal, gonadal, or anatomical sex is atypical. Effects from exposure to abnormal levels of GONADAL HORMONES in the maternal environment, or disruption of the function of those hormones by ENDOCRINE DISRUPTORS are included.

A system of medical care regulated, controlled and financed by the government, in which the government assumes responsibility for the health needs of the population.

A technique of operations research for solving certain kinds of problems involving many variables where a best value or set of best values is to be found. It is most likely to be feasible when the quantity to be optimized, sometimes called the objective function, can be stated as a mathematical expression in terms of the various activities within the system, and when this expression is simply proportional to the measure of the activities, i.e., is linear, and when all the restrictions are also linear. It is different from computer programming, although problems using linear programming techniques may be programmed on a computer.

The transference of either one or both of the lungs from one human or animal to another.

The absence of certain expected and acceptable cultural phenomena in the environment which results in the failure of the individual to communicate and respond in the most appropriate manner within the context of society. Language acquisition and language use are commonly used in assessing this concept.

Severe inability of the LIVER to perform its normal metabolic functions, as evidenced by severe JAUNDICE and abnormal serum levels of AMMONIA; BILIRUBIN; ALKALINE PHOSPHATASE; ASPARTATE AMINOTRANSFERASE; LACTATE DEHYDROGENASES; and albumin/globulin ratio. (Blakiston's Gould Medical Dictionary, 4th ed)

The act of making a selection among two or more alternatives, usually after a period of deliberation.

A statistical technique that isolates and assesses the contributions of categorical independent variables to variation in the mean of a continuous dependent variable.

The process of laying or shedding fully developed eggs (OVA) from the female body. The term is usually used for certain INSECTS or FISHES with an organ called ovipositor where eggs are stored or deposited before expulsion from the body.

Plant tissue that carries nutrients, especially sucrose, by turgor pressure. Movement is bidirectional, in contrast to XYLEM where it is only upward. Phloem originates and grows outwards from meristematic cells (MERISTEM) in the vascular cambium. P-proteins, a type of LECTINS, are characteristically found in phloem.

The process of making a selective intellectual judgment when presented with several complex alternatives consisting of several variables, and usually defining a course of action or an idea.

A plant family of the order Ebenales, subclass Dilleniidae, class Magnoliopsida.

The capacity of an organization, institution, or business to produce desired results with a minimum expenditure of energy, time, money, personnel, materiel, etc.

The reproductive organs of plants.

A plant genus of the family HAMAMELIDACEAE. The sap is a source of storax, which should not be confused with the similar named STYRAX genus.

Divisions of the year according to some regularly recurrent phenomena usually astronomical or climatic. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 6th ed)

The time from the onset of a stimulus until a response is observed.

Precise and detailed plans for the study of a medical or biomedical problem and/or plans for a regimen of therapy.

The application of mathematical formulas and statistical techniques to the testing and quantifying of economic theories and the solution of economic problems.

The encapsulated embryos of flowering plants. They are used as is or for animal feed because of the high content of concentrated nutrients like starches, proteins, and fats. Rapeseed, cottonseed, and sunflower seed are also produced for the oils (fats) they yield.

Planning for needed health and/or welfare services and facilities.

Temporary visual deficit or impaired visual processing occurring in a rapid serial visual presentation task. After a person identifies the first of two visual targets, the ability to detect the second target is impaired for the next few hundred milliseconds. This phenomenon is called attentional blink.

Health services required by a population or community as well as the health services that the population or community is able and willing to pay for.

The act of feeding on plants by animals.

A plant species of the family POLYGONACEAE. Itadori tea is prepared from the root of this genus.

A plant genus of the family FAGACEAE.

Areawide planning for hospitals or planning of a particular hospital unit on the basis of projected consumer need. This does not include hospital design and construction or architectural plans.

Any of numerous winged hymenopterous insects of social as well as solitary habits and having formidable stings.

A plant genus in the family PINACEAE, order Pinales, class Pinopsida, division Coniferophyta. They are evergreen trees mainly in temperate climates.

The concept concerned with all aspects of providing and distributing health services to a patient population.

Activities concerned with governmental policies, functions, etc.

The actual costs of providing services related to the delivery of health care, including the costs of procedures, therapies, and medications. It is differentiated from HEALTH EXPENDITURES, which refers to the amount of money paid for the services, and from fees, which refers to the amount charged, regardless of cost.

The capacity to conceive or to induce conception. It may refer to either the male or female.

Analysis of gabapentin in serum and plasma by solid-phase extraction and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry for therapeutic drug monitoring. (1/13054)

A simple method for the determination of gabapentin (Neurontin) is described. The method uses solid-phase extraction by disk column and derivatization followed by gas chromatographic-mass spectrometric analysis. The single-step derivatization with MTBSTFA produces a t-BDMS derivative of both the carboxylic and amine moieties of the molecule. Each step of the procedure was optimized to assure reliable performance of the method. The assay limit of detection was 0.1 microg/mL with a linear range from 1.0 to 35 microg/mL. Within-run (n = 3) and between-run (n = 40) coefficients of variation were less than 8.2 and 15.9%, respectively. The method has proven reliable in routine production for more than a year, producing clean chromatography with unique ion fragments, consistent ion mass ratios, and no interferences. Statistical analysis of the gabapentin concentrations measured in 1020 random specimens over a 2-month period showed a mean concentration of 6.07 microg/mL with a standard deviation of 5.28. (+info)

Progesterone alters biliary flow dynamics. (2/13054)

OBJECTIVE: To test the hypothesis that progesterone alters sphincter of Oddi and gallbladder function and, therefore, bile flow dynamics. SUMMARY BACKGROUND DATA: Although the effects of progesterone on the biliary tract have been implicated in the increased incidence of gallstones among women, the specific effects of prolonged elevation of progesterone levels, such as occurs with contraceptive progesterone implants and during pregnancy, on the sphincter of Oddi and biliary flow dynamics are still incompletely understood. METHODS: Adult female prairie dogs were randomly assigned to receive subcutaneous implants containing either progesterone or inactive pellet matrix only. Hepatic bile partitioning and gallbladder emptying were determined 14 days later using 99mTc-Mebrofenin cholescintigraphy. RESULTS: Significantly less hepatic bile partitioned into the gallbladder in progesterone-treated than in control animals. The gallbladder ejection fraction was significantly reduced from 73+/-6% in controls to 59+/-3% in the progesterone-treated animals. The rate of gallbladder emptying was significantly reduced from 3.6+/-0.3%/minute to 2.9+/-0.1%/minute. CONCLUSIONS: Progesterone administered as subcutaneous implants alters partitioning of hepatic bile between gallbladder and small intestine and, therefore, gallbladder filling. Progesterone also significantly impairs gallbladder emptying in response to cholecystokinin. The effects of progesterone on the sphincter of Oddi and the gallbladder may contribute to the greater prevalence of gallstones and biliary motility disorders among women. (+info)

Protective effect of bactericidal/permeability-increasing protein (rBPI21) in baboon sepsis is related to its antibacterial, not antiendotoxin, properties. (3/13054)

OBJECTIVE AND SUMMARY BACKGROUND DATA: The recombinant fragment of bactericidal/permeability-increasing protein, rBPI21, has potent bactericidal activity against gram-negative bacteria as well as antiendotoxin (lipopolysaccharide [LPS]) action. On the basis of these activities, the authors sought to discover whether rBPI21 would be protective in baboons with live Escherichia coli-induced sepsis and whether the potential protective effects of rBPI21 (together with antibiotics) would be more closely related to its antibacterial or LPS-neutralizing effects. METHODS: In a prospective, randomized, placebo-controlled subchronic laboratory study, the efficacy of rBPI21 or placebo was studied over 72 hours in chronically instrumented male baboons infused with live E. coli under antibiotic therapy. RESULTS: Intravenous rBPI21 attenuated sepsis-related organ failure and increased survival significantly. Bacteremia was significantly reduced in the rBPI21 group at 2 hours after the start of the E. coli infusion, whereas circulating LPS was less affected. The in vivo formation of tumor necrosis factor was significantly suppressed by the rBPI21 treatment regimen. Microcirculation and organ function were improved. CONCLUSIONS: In baboon live E. coli sepsis, the salutary effect of rBPI21 results from a more prevalent antibacterial than antiendotoxin activity. (+info)

Health at work in the general practice. (4/13054)

BACKGROUND: Poor mental health and high stress levels have been reported in staff working in general practice. Little is known about how practices are tackling these and other issues of health at work in the absence of an established occupational healthcare service. AIM: To establish the extent of knowledge and good practice of health at work policies for staff working in general practice. METHOD: Practice managers in 450 randomly selected general practices in England were interviewed by telephone, and the general practitioner (GP) with lead responsibility for workplace health in the same practice was surveyed by postal questionnaire. We surveyed the existence and implementation of practice policies, causes and effects of stress on practice staff, and agreement between practice managers and GPs on these issues. RESULTS: Seventy-one per cent of GPs and 76% of practice managers responded, with at least one reply from 408 (91%) practices and responses from both the practice manager and GPs from 252 (56%) practices. Seventy-nine per cent of practices had a policy on monitoring risks and hazards. The proportion of practices with other workplace health policies ranged from 21% (policy to minimize stress) to 91% (policy on staff smoking). There was a tendency for practices to have policies but not to implement them. The three causes of stress for practice staff most commonly cites by both GP and practice manager responders were 'patient demands', 'too much work', and 'patient abuse/aggression'. Sixty-five per cent of GPs felt that stress had caused mistakes in their practices. Although there was general agreement between the two groups, there was a considerable lack of agreement between responders working in the same practices. CONCLUSIONS: The study revealed substantial neglect of workplace health issues with many practices falling foul of health and safety legislation. This report should help general practices identify issues to tackle to improve their workplace health, and the Health at Work in the NHS project to focus on areas where their targeted help will be most worthwhile. (+info)

Effect of meat (beef, chicken, and bacon) on rat colon carcinogenesis. (5/13054)

High intake of red meat or processed meat is associated with increased risk of colon cancer. In contrast, consumption of white meat (chicken) is not associated with risk and might even reduce the occurrence of colorectal cancer. We speculated that a diet containing beef or bacon would increase and a diet containing chicken would decrease colon carcinogenesis in rats. One hundred female Fischer 344 rats were given a single injection of azoxymethane (20 mg/kg i.p.), then randomized to 10 different AIN-76-based diets. Five diets were adjusted to 14% fat and 23% protein and five other diets to 28% fat and 40% protein. Fat and protein were supplied by 1) lard and casein, 2) olive oil and casein, 3) beef, 4) chicken with skin, and 5) bacon. Meat diets contained 30% or 60% freeze-dried fried meat. The diets were given ad libitum for 100 days, then colon tumor promotion was assessed by the multiplicity of aberrant crypt foci [number of crypts per aberrant crypt focus (ACF)]. The ACF multiplicity was nearly the same in all groups, except bacon-fed rats, with no effect of fat and protein level or source (p = 0.7 between 8 groups by analysis of variance). In contrast, compared with lard- and casein-fed controls, the ACF multiplicity was reduced by 12% in rats fed a diet with 30% bacon and by 20% in rats fed a diet with 60% bacon (p < 0.001). The water intake was higher in bacon-fed rats than in controls (p < 0.0001). The concentrations of iron and bile acids in fecal water and total fatty acids in feces changed with diet, but there was no correlation between these concentrations and the ACF multiplicity. Thus the hypothesis that colonic iron, bile acids, or total fatty acids can promote colon tumors is not supported by this study. The results suggest that, in rats, beef does not promote the growth of ACF and chicken does not protect against colon carcinogenesis. A bacon-based diet appears to protect against carcinogenesis, perhaps because bacon contains 5% NaCl and increased the rats' water intake. (+info)

Gonadotropin-releasing hormone improves reproductive performance of dairy cows with slow involution of the reproductive tract. (6/13054)

Eighty multiparous Holstein cows were assigned randomly at calving to receive either 100 microg of GnRH or saline 13 or 14 d postpartum (PP). From 4 to 28 d PP the cows' reproductive organs were palpated weekly per rectum, and cows were subclassified within each group as undergoing slow (delayed) cervical and uterine involution (abnormal) or as normal cows. Last milk obtained after removing the milking machine was assayed for progesterone 3 times a week for 120 d PP. Fourteen of the 80 cows were removed from the experiment because of culling or various veterinary treatments of pathologic conditions that could confound analysis of the GnRH treatment effects. As expected, the treatment of normal cows with GnRH had no significant effects on the first estrus or the first estrous cycle PP, on services per conception, days open, or any other reproductive trait measured. However, in the abnormal group of cows receiving saline, first rebreeding after calving was delayed (81 vs. 67 d), fewer were pregnant by 105 d PP (23 vs. 64%), and number of days open was greater (121 vs. 87 d) compared with those receiving GnRH; all were significant (P<.05). Treated abnormal cows were equivalent to the control normal cows. Thus, GnRH given 13 to 14 d PP to cows characterized as undergoing slow involution of the reproductive system, but with no other clinical problems, seems to assist in promoting rapid normal reproductive function. Subsequent losses due to culling were greatly reduced. (+info)

An estimation of the requirement for folic acid in gestating sows: the metabolic utilization of folates as a criterion of measurement. (7/13054)

Sows at their second parity were randomly distributed in five groups of seven animals each to determine the dietary concentration of folic acid that optimizes the metabolic utilization of the vitamin during gestation. The groups differed by dietary supplement of folic acid: 0, 5, 10, 15, or 20 ppm. Sows were fed 2.5 kg of diet each day. The response of serum folates and folate binding capacity to treatments and the excretion of urinary folates after an i.v. injection of folic acid were measured. The total daily excretion of urinary folates was corrected according to the response to one i.v. injection of saline on the day preceding the i.v. injection of folic acid. The decrease of total serum folates throughout gestation was less pronounced in the groups fed 15 and 20 ppm of dietary folic acid (supplement x period interaction, P<.06) than it was in the other three treatments. The proportion of i.v. folic acid not recovered in sow urine (injected - excreted) decreased as the amount of dietary folic acid increased to reach a minimum, which differed according to the period (supplement x period interaction, P<.02); it was 15 ppm during wk 1 of gestation and 10 ppm for the other periods studied. The unrecovered folates increased over a dietary concentration of 15 ppm. These minimum values correspond to the most appropriate feed concentration that covered the whole body utilization (tissue and cell metabolism, catabolism, and storage) of folates by the sows and could be interpreted as a reliable index of the requirement. (+info)

Risk factors for lower airway bacterial colonization in chronic bronchitis. (8/13054)

The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and risk factors for lower airway bacterial colonization (LABC) in stable chronic bronchitis (CB). Forty-one outpatients with CB were enrolled in the study (age 63.8+/-9.1 yrs (mean+/-SD); forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1)/forced vital capacity (FVC) 62.8+/-11.2; current/former smokers 24/17). All patients had normal chest radiographs and an indication for performing fibreoptic bronchoscopy (pulmonary nodule, remote haemoptysis). The protected specimen brush (PSB) was used for bacterial sampling, and concentrations > or = 1,000 colony-forming units (cfu) x mL(-1) were considered positive for LABC. The repeatability of the procedure in CB was assessed in a random subsample of 18 subjects. A 72.2% quantitative agreement was found in the repeatability assessment of the PSB technique. Positive PSB cultures, obtained in 9 out of 41 (22%) patients, mainly yielded Haemophilus influenzae. The logistic regression model, used to determine which variables were related to colonization, showed that LABC was associated with current smoking (odds ratio (OR) 9.83, confidence interval (CI) 1.16-83.20) and low FVC (OR 0.73, CI 0.65-0.81). Age and FEV1 were not related to LABC. It was concluded that the prevalence of LABC in stable CB is high (22%), and current smoking is an important risk factor. (+info)

Random priority (RP), also called Random serial dictatorship (RSD), is a procedure for fair random assignment - dividing ... "Random Serial Dictatorship and the Core from Random Endowments in House Allocation Problems". Econometrica. 66 (3): 689. doi: ... RSD is not ex-ante PE when the agents have Von Neumann-Morgenstern utilities over random allocations, i.e., lotteries over ... Sec.2 When the rankings of the agents over the objects are drawn uniformly at random, the probability that the allocation given ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Random_priority_item_allocation

Other mechanisms for course allocation include fair random assignment, stable matching, and optimization based mechanisms. ... "Designing Random Allocation Mechanisms: Theory and Applications". American Economic Review. 103 (2): 585-623. doi:10.1257/aer. ... Course allocation is the problem of allocating seats in university courses among students. Many universities impose an upper ... The choosing order is random at the first round, and then reverses in subsequent rounds. In practice, students do not have to ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Course_allocation

... both with random allocation and with partially random allocation. In a repeated variant of the process, m {\displaystyle m} ... 0 {\displaystyle c>0} .) Note that for m > n log ⁡ n {\displaystyle m>n\log n} , the random allocation process gives only the ... A powerful balls-into-bins paradigm is the "power of two random choices" where each ball chooses two (or more) random bins and ... Kolchin, Valentin F. (1978). Random allocations. Washington: Winston [usw.] ISBN 978-0470993941. Kotz, Samuel; Johnson, Norman ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Balls_into_bins_problem

Checking whether a given random allocation can be implemented by a lottery over EF1 and PO allocations is NP-hard. Babaioff, ... A variant of SE was applied also to cake-cutting, where the allocation is deterministic (not random). Each item is represented ... Budish, Eric; Che, Yeon-Koo; Kojima, Fuhito; Milgrom, Paul (2013-04-01). "Designing Random Allocation Mechanisms: Theory and ... The SE allocation satisfies SD-efficiency - a weak ordinal variant of Pareto-efficiency (it means that the allocation is Pareto ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simultaneous_eating_algorithm

Fair item allocation is a setting in which agents may get more than one item. Sortition - random selection of political ... Tao and Cole study the existence of PE and EF random allocations when the utilities are non-linear (can have complements). ... Budish, Eric; Che, Yeon-Koo; Kojima, Fuhito; Milgrom, Paul (2013-04-01). "Designing Random Allocation Mechanisms: Theory and ... When there are 3 or more objects (and 3 or more agents), RP and PS may return different allocations, and no allocation Pareto- ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fair_random_assignment

Lotteries were fast, but clearly a random allocation of licenses left much to be desired in terms of efficiency. Neither of ... Budish, E.; Che, Y.-K.; Kojima, F.; Milgrom, Paul (2013). "Designing Random Allocation Mechanisms: Theory and Applications". ... Auctions offered great potential in terms of obtaining an efficient allocation of licenses and also capturing some of the value ... His work on auctions with Robert Weber introduced the concept of affiliation of random variables, to indicate systems of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_Milgrom

One such application is for the problem of fair random assignment: given a randomized allocation of items, Birkhoff's algorithm ... Budish, Eric; Che, Yeon-Koo; Kojima, Fuhito; Milgrom, Paul (2013-04-01). "Designing Random Allocation Mechanisms: Theory and ... To attain fairness, the allocation is randomized: for each (person,object) pair, a probability is calculated, such that the sum ... Ye, Felix X.-F.; Wang, Yue; Qian, Hong (2016). "Stochastic dynamics: Markov chains and random transformations". Discrete and ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Birkhoff_algorithm

Budish, Eric; Che, Yeon-Koo; Kojima, Fuhito; Milgrom, Paul (2013). "Designing Random Allocation Mechanisms: Theory and ... Che, Yeon-Koo; Kojima, Fuhito (2010). "Asymptotic equivalence of probabilistic serial and random priority mechanisms" (PDF). ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuhito_Kojima

A specific rule for item allocation - see random priority item allocation. This disambiguation page lists articles associated ... Random serial dictatorship, also called random priority, can refer to: A general rule for social choice - a variant of the ... with the title Random serial dictatorship. If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Random_serial_dictatorship

Biased Random Sampling bases its job allocation on the network represented by a directed graph. For each execution node in this ... In-degree will decrease during job execution while out-degree will increase after job allocation. Active Clustering is a self- ... "Active Clustering and Random Sampling Walk predictably perform better as the number of processing nodes is increased" while ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cloud_load_balancing

Her dissertation, supervised by Michael B. Woodroofe, was Two Treatment Comparison with Random Allocation Rule. Heckman's ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nancy_E._Heckman

They call the random variable a sunspot and the resulting allocation is a 'sunspot equilibrium'. Much work on sunspot ... In economics, the term sunspots (or sometimes "a sunspot") refers to an extrinsic random variable, that is, a random variable ... In other words, the outcome depends on an "extrinsic" random variable, meaning a random influence that matters only because ... David Cass and Karl Shell coined the term sunspots as a suggestive and less technical way of saying "extrinsic random variable ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sunspots_(economics)

"Envy-Free and Pareto-Optimal Allocations for Agents with Asymmetric Random Valuations". arXiv:2109.08971 [cs.GT]. (CS1 errors: ... An allocation y is called a Pareto improvement of an allocation z, if the utility of all agents in y is at least as large as in ... A discrete allocation is called Pareto-efficient (PO) if it is not Pareto-dominated by any discrete allocation; it is called ... So fPO is a stronger requirement than PO: every fPO allocation is PO, but not every PO allocation is fPO. There is a set of n ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fractional_Pareto_efficiency

Future kernel_map (and submap) allocations are pushed forward by a random amount. The allocation is silently removed after the ... A random 9-bit value is generated right after kmem_init() which establishes kernel_map, is multiplied by the page size. The ... A hardware random number generator is also included as a part of this coprocessor. Each device's Secure Enclave has a unique ID ... The kernel image base is randomized by the boot loader (iBoot). This is done by creating random data, doing a SHA-1 hash of it ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IOS

In contrast, the same authors show that, in a random instance, an MMS allocation exists with high probability. The proof ... An EF0 allocation is simply called envy-free. EF1 allocations can be found, for example, by round-robin item allocation or by ... Egalitarian item allocation - often called by the very similar name "max-min item allocation", but its definition and the ... Then, by a previous result, an envy-free item allocation exists with high probability; such an allocation is always MMS. There ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maximin_share

A/B testing Allocation concealment Random assignment Randomized block design Randomized controlled trial Schulz KF, Altman DG, ... Trudy Dehue (December 1997). "Deception, Efficiency, and Random Groups: Psychology and the Gradual Origination of the Random ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Randomized_experiment

Fast random-access allocation check: Checking whether a sector is free is as simple as checking the corresponding bit. Fast ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Free-space_bitmap

Glynn RJ, Ridker PM, Goldhaber SZ, Zee RY, Buring JE (September 2007). "Effects of random allocation to vitamin E ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vitamin_E

Entry into the race can also be obtained through a random allocation lottery or through the Ironman's charitable eBay auction. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2011_Ironman_World_Championship

... a random ballot will occur to determine ticket allocation. 27 August 2010 20:45 CEST Stade Louis II, Monaco Attendance: 17,265 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2010_UEFA_Super_Cup

Random Projections and Latent Dirichlet Allocation. Weka. Weka is a popular data mining package for Java including WordVectors ... Generalized vector space model Latent semantic analysis Term Rocchio Classification Random indexing The following software ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vector_space_model

Entry into the championship race could also be obtained through a random allocation lottery or through the Ironman's charitable ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2012_Ironman_World_Championship

Entry into the championship race could also be obtained through a random allocation lottery or through the Ironman's charitable ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2013_Ironman_World_Championship

Kappa's baseline agreement is the agreement that would be expected due to random allocation, given the quantities specified by ... Thus, κ = 0 when the observed allocation is apparently random, regardless of the quantity disagreement as constrained by the ... The disagreement is due to allocation because quantities are identical. Kappa is −0.07. Here, reporting quantity and allocation ... So the expected probability that both would say yes at random is: p Yes = a + b a + b + c + d ⋅ a + c a + b + c + d = 0.5 × 0.6 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cohen's_kappa

Tao and Cole study the existence of PEEF random allocations when the utilities are non-linear (can have complements). ... For three or more agents with linear utilities, any Nash-optimal allocation is PEEF. A Nash-optimal allocation is an allocation ... Theorem 5 (Svensson):: 531 if all Pareto-optimal allocations are sigma-optimal, then PEEF allocations exist. PEEF allocations ... The allocation X is called sigma-optimal if for every k, the allocation Xk is Pareto-optimal. Lemma:: 528 An allocation is ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Efficient_envy-free_division

... but with an additional preliminary random allocation procedure executed by a computer. For instance, assume for year 2009 the ... An open computer allocation carried out by the Student Recruitment Committee Office of Nanjing will be needed if the number of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nanjing_Foreign_Language_School

... most commonly used in project management for time allocation and to analyse random variables. Critical path drag is a project ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_statistical_tools_used_in_project_management

... with siblings also falling prey to the random house allocation. Once drafted, each student remains with the house throughout ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inyathi_High_School

They were renumbered from the LNWR's random allocation based on vacant numbers, to a solid block sequence 7550-7841, and given ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LNWR_Webb_Coal_Tank

Entry into the championship race could also be obtained through a random allocation lottery, through Ironman's Legacy program, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2014_Ironman_World_Championship

Recipients of those tickets were determined by a random ballot following an online application process that ran from 28 ... The clubs were able to distribute their tickets however they wished; Manchester United chose to make their allocation available ... While Manchester United managed to sell out their entire allocation, UEFA's William Gaillard indicated that Chelsea still had " ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2008_UEFA_Champions_League_Final

Examples of optimal rate allocation are max-min fair allocation and Kelly's suggestion of proportionally fair allocation, ... Random Early Detection) Queue Management Sally Floyd, Van Jacobson. Random Early Detection Gateways for Congestion Avoidance ( ... The robust random early detection (RRED) algorithm was proposed to improve the TCP throughput against denial-of-service (DoS) ... One solution is to use random early detection (RED) on the network equipment's egress queue. On networking hardware ports with ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Network_congestion

The authors claim that the chances of this happening is larger when assuming random effects, an assumption that does not allow ... conflicts can occur over the control and exploitation of resources and the allocation of their revenues (the "resource war" ... The authors say that their method rectifies the methodological biases of earlier studies which revolve around random effects: " ... are produced or internal conflict between different government ministries or departments for access to budgetary allocations. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Resource_curse

IO.SYS initializes the minimal File Allocation Table driver and loads MSDOS.SYS into memory. It then displays "Starting Windows ... Paul, Matthias R. (2004-06-17). "Re: Random Lockups with DR-DOS 7.03". [email protected]; FidoNet conference: ALT_DOS. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Architecture_of_Windows_9x

With the buildout in technical infrastructure for automated toll dialing, the allocations needed to be changed in many states, ... The three-digit codes were assigned to numbering plan areas in seemingly random manner, avoiding consecutive, nearly- ... On the other hand, it was already recognized in 1930 that too little granularity in the allocation pattern introduced expensive ... shows clearly that area codes were assigned not entirely in random order, but by filling the table in diagonal manner from the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Original_North_American_area_codes

Random House Trade Paperbacks, New York. pp. 74-92. ISBN 978-0-345-49401-6. See chapters 4: Crosstown Traffic. Cervero, Robert ... One alternative, aimed at avoiding inequality and revenue allocation issues, is to implement a rationing of peak period travel ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Congestion_pricing

Given the asset allocation chosen at any time, the determinants of the change in wealth are usually the stochastic returns to ... The system designer assumes, in a Bayesian probability-driven fashion, that random noise with known probability distribution ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stochastic_control

On Random Island, a man was killed when his driveway collapsed from flooding and he was swept out to sea. In addition to flood ... Allocation of military aid continued through October 6, though the number of on-scene personnel began to decrease two days ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hurricane_Igor

This is the second largest allocation of funding by the city after the allocation to Boston Public Schools. Like many major ... Random House Digital. ISBN 978-1-4000-0699-1. Beagle, Jonathan M.; Penn, Elan (2006). Boston: A Pictorial Celebration. Sterling ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boston

The opportunity for loop-level parallelism often arises in computing programs where data is stored in random access data ... Research has shown that load-balancing can be better achieved through some dynamic allocation algorithms than when done ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Loop-level_parallelism

The Assistant Coordinator arrives in the habiviron as part of his random inspection, and 80H nearly passes out when he sees ... 80H - the sector "bureaubeing". 80H is in charge of the whole sector, including resource allocation and law enforcement, and ... since the Assistant Galactic Coordinator is visiting the sector for a random inspection and he is concerned he would find their ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luna_(TV_series)

This allocation occurs spontaneously and is often a subconscious process, hence it is known as spontaneous trait inference. The ... by removing pieces of the black image at random. It is the speed at which the individual is able to identify the word which is ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spontaneous_trait_inference

"Natural selection and random genetic drift in phenotypic evolution." Evolution (1976): 314-334. Lacy, Robert C. "Loss of ... females are generally preyed upon more often than males and kakapo may be subject to sex allocation). With a population of just ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Small_population_size

Using its RPMA (Random Phase Multiple Access) technology, San Diego-based Ingenu has built a nationwide public network for low- ... Alhaizaey, Yousef; Singer, Jeremy; Michala, Anna Lito (June 2021). "Optimizing Task Allocation for Edge Micro-Clusters in Smart ... and random forest to advanced ones such as convolutional neural networks, LSTM, and variational autoencoder. In the future, the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet_of_things

Data from more satellites can help because of the tendency for random errors to cancel out and also by giving a larger spread ... The symbiotic relationship of spectrum allocation ensures that users of both bands are able to operate cooperatively and freely ... In practice, there are many sources of inaccuracy besides clock bias, including random errors as well as the potential for ... "Federal Communications Commission Table of Frequency Allocations" (PDF). FCC.gov. November 18, 2011. Archived (PDF) from the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Global_Positioning_System

It was the first credit model published with random interest rates and the first stochastic interest rate term structure model- ... Basel II and Basel III and other capital allocation technologies, transfer pricing, and performance measurement. Kamakura Risk ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kamakura_Corporation

Since communities have fixed resources, opportunity management is a useful tool to identify the most utilitarian allocation of ... Taleb, Nassim Nicholas (2012). Antifragile: things that gain from disorder (1st ed.). New York: Random House. ISBN 978-1-4000- ... part of opportunity management since the model since it allows organizations to identify the most effective allocation of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Opportunity_management

Since the objective function is unknown, the Bayesian strategy is to treat it as a random function and place a prior over it. ... Portfolio Allocation for Bayesian Optimization. Uncertainty in Artificial Intelligence: 327-336 (2011) Eric Brochu, Vlad M. ... SMAC, a Java implementation of random-forest-based Bayesian optimization for general algorithm configuration. ... the presence of random environmental conditions, or if the evaluation involves derivatives. Examples of acquisition functions ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bayesian_optimization

We can choose to get a random sample of size 60 over the entire population but there is some chance that the resulting random ... Optimum allocation (or disproportionate allocation) - The sampling fraction of each stratum is proportionate to both the ... Then simple random sampling is applied within each stratum. The objective is to improve the precision of the sample by reducing ... Proportionate allocation uses a sampling fraction in each of the strata that are proportional to that of the total population. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stratified_sampling

Random House. pp. 172-. ISBN 978-1-4464-2567-1. David Kahn (1 January 2012). Seizing the Enigma - The Race to Break the German ... Subsection IIbb: This subsection was responsible for allocation of frequencies for particular radio operations. Section IIc: ... Random House of Canada. p. 74. ISBN 978-0-307-36848-5. Malcolm H. Murfett (4 November 2008). Naval Warfare 1919-45: An ... Random House. p. 30. ISBN 978-1-4090-2159-9. Erskine, Ralph (1996). "Naval enigma: An astonishing blunder". Intelligence and ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/B-Dienst

In a uniformly-random instance of the stable marriage problem with n men and n women, the average number of stable matchings is ... "for the theory of stable allocations and the practice of market design." An important and large-scale application of stable ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stable_marriage_problem

Agent i chooses a random number Ni in {0, ..., n−1} and sends it to all the other agents. Each agent i then computes Σn i=1 Ni ... Service Allocation in Selfish Mobile Ad Hoc Networks Using Vickrey Auction (Game theory, Mechanism design, Distributed ... If some agent j does not send i a random number, then i sets its output to Null.) This protocol correctly elects a leader while ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Distributed_algorithmic_mechanism_design

Other criticisms involved discrepancies in the allocation of monetary resources from BCS games, as well as the determination of ... One example was the "random-walker rankings" studied by applied mathematicians Thomas Callaghan, Peter Mucha, and Mason Porter ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bowl_Championship_Series

... is related, but not identical, to other fair allocation problems: In envy-free item allocation, monetary ... In the multi-unit case, when no buyer requires more than a 1-ε fraction of the items, a random single price achieves revenue ... However, such an allocation is very inefficient. The challenge in envy-free pricing is to find envy-free prices that also ... Envy-free pricing is a kind of fair item allocation. There is a single seller that owns some items, and a set of buyers who are ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Envy-free_pricing

All memory allocation is therefore completely automatic (one of the features of modern systems) and there is no way to allocate ... Sometimes, a PTE prohibits access to a virtual page, perhaps because no physical random-access memory (RAM) has been allocated ... Init pbits indicate initial allocations, but a high level of other pbits indicate that the system may be thrashing. ... this non-contiguous allocation is one of the benefits of paging. In some early microprocessor designs, memory management was ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Memory_management_unit

243-244, Random House, New York, NY, 2012. ISBN 978-1-4000-6964-4. Milner, North Atlantic Run. Milner, North Atlantic Run, p. ... Harris, however, denied Coastal Command any allocation of H2S systems, claiming Bomber Command needed it to find targets, in ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mid-Atlantic_gap

Regardless of their previous training and equipment, Air National Guard units were assigned almost at random to major air ... allocations, and gaining commands of the Army Air Forces. As individual units were organized, federally recognized, and ... The Air National Guard also flew random patrols over various urban areas; nuclear power plants; major military installations ... funding allocations. Under the auspices of this separate appropriation for Guard and Reserve equipment established in 1982 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air_National_Guard

"Dynamic memory allocation for over-aligned data". Archived from the original on 2017-09-08. Retrieved 2017-03-13. "Class ... Some deprecated types and functions were removed from the standard library, including std::auto_ptr, std::random_shuffle, and ... Authors: Michael Wong, Hubert Tong, Rajan Bhakta, Derek Inglis "N4190: Removing auto_ptr, random_shuffle(), And Old Stuff ( ... Some extensions on over-aligned memory allocation Class template argument deduction (CTAD), introducing constructor deduction ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C 17

New York: Random House, 1972, pp. 370,509 Leighton, Richard M. and Coakley, Robert W. Global Logistics and Strategy: 1940-1943 ... The uncritical view that "Europe First" dictated the allocation of resources throughout the war has caused many scholars to ... the combined influence of King and General Douglas MacArthur increased the allocation of resources to the Pacific War. General ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Europe_first

JavaScript is disabled for your browser. Some features of this site may not work without it ...

https://extranet.who.int/iris/restricted/browse?authority=Random+Allocation&type=mesh

... Review publications at Sutter Health. ... Methods: We developed a Web-based random allocation system, MinimRan, that applies Pocock-Simon (for trials with 2 or more arms ... Conclusions: We expect the system to facilitate the translation of the 3 validated random allocation methods into broad, ... An easily accessible web-based minimization random allocation system for clinical trials.. ...

https://www.sutterhealth.org/smf/research/publications/web-based-minimization-random-allocation

Methods: We developed a Web-based random allocation system, MinimRan, that applies Pocock–Simon (for trials with 2 or ... Conclusions: We expect the system to facilitate the translation of the 3 validated random allocation methods into broad, ... Minimization as an adaptive allocation technique has been recommended in the literature for use in randomized clinical trials. ... An Easily Accessible Web-Based Minimization Random Allocation System for Clinical Trials Authors of this article: Lan Xiao 1 ; ...

https://www.jmir.org/2013/7/e139

"Random Allocation" by people in this website by year, and whether "Random Allocation" was a major or minor topic of these ... "Random Allocation" is a descriptor in the National Library of Medicines controlled vocabulary thesaurus, MeSH (Medical Subject ... Below are the most recent publications written about "Random Allocation" by people in Profiles. ... Below are MeSH descriptors whose meaning is more general than "Random Allocation". ...

https://profiles.umassmed.edu/display/111528

Chapter 3 examines how The Dynamic Linear Model could be applied to Random Allocation Models with no covariates to create a ... We show a minimized treatment allocation budget and time to locate preferred treatment are available in the Bayesian Adaptive ... A sensitivity analysis is conducted whereby the mean treatment allocation to each treatment iss calculated and discussed. ... A sensitivity analysis is conducted whereby the mean treatment allocation to each treatment is calculated and discussed. ...

https://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/6485/

... You are unauthorized to view this page. Please use the form below to login if you have already ...

https://training.pedro.org.au/english/item-2

Text; Format: print ; Literary form: Not fiction Language: English Publication details: Chichester ; New York : Wiley, c1992Availability: Items available for loan: WHO HQ (1)Call number: W 50 92CH. ...

https://kohahq.searo.who.int/cgi-bin/koha/opac-search.pl?q=su:%7BRandom%20Allocation%7D

Random allocation to study arms. Best-evidence medication HIV interventions for persons with HIV (PWH) ...

https://www.cdc.gov/hiv/research/interventionresearch/compendium/ma/criteria.html

Random allocation for treatment comparisons can be used in various ways. ... Ways of using unbiased (random) allocation in treatment comparisons. < Back to search results * Format Audio, Texts ...

https://teachingebhc.org/learning-resource/ways-of-using-unbiased-random-allocation-in-treatment-comparisons/

Random Allocation [‎1]‎. Reagent Kits, Diagnostic [‎4]‎. Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor [‎2]‎. ...

https://apps.who.int:80/iris/handle/10665/26722/browse?locale-attribute=zh&etal=-1&type=mesh&starts_with=R&rpp=20&order=ASC&sort_by=-1

Random Allocation * Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays * src-Family Kinases / metabolism Substances * Actins ...

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30285892/

Random allocation of long day care services. Services will be allocated to either the intervention or control condition using ... the random allocation of long day care services will be stratified by the socioeconomic characteristics (high/low) of the ... Allocation of services will be undertaken by a statistician who will have no other involvement in the study, and will occur ... Research staff involved in data collection will be blind to group allocation and participating services will be asked not to ...

https://bmcpublichealth.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1471-2458-10-534

Framework for Random Power Allocation of Wireless Sensor Networks in Fading Channels (Articles) ... Power-Minimizing Resource Allocation in Multiuser Cooperative Relay Communications (Articles) Bin Chen, Youming Li, Yaohui Wu, ... Cross-layer Resource Allocation on Broadband Power Line Based on Novel QoS-priority Scheduling Function in MAC Layer (Articles) ... Power Allocation Optimization for Spectrum-Efficient Multi-Pair Two-Way Massive MIMO Full-Duplex Relay over Ricean Channels ( ...

https://scirp.org/journal/articles.aspx?searchCode=Power+Allocation&searchField=keyword&page=1

Random Allocation Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA Technic use Random Amplified Polymorphic DNA Technique ...

https://decs.bvs.br/I/DeCS2017_Alfab-R.htm

A random allocation sequence was generated using the SPSS random number generator. Patients were assigned to the FB or TAU ... condition by a research assistant who knew the allocation sequence but had no information about the patients. ...

https://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/862894_3

... which are particular types of random allocation designs. It was shown that the c.l.s.e.s constitute a complete class of linear ... preassigned parameters may be obtained by different procedures of balanced random allocation designs (see Dempster [2], [3]). ... Assume that each random variable of a sequence had a density which is a Polya frequency function of order two. To this sequence ... Let $X_i, Y_i i = 1, 2, \cdots n$ be mutually independent binomial random variables with $P\{X_i = 1\} = p_1, P\{Y_i = 1\} = p_ ...

https://projecteuclid.org/journals/annals-of-mathematical-statistics/volume-34/issue-3

Random Allocation. Simonich MT, Egner PA, Roebuck BD, Orner GA, Jubert C, Pereira C, Groopman JD, Kensler TW, Dashwood RH, ...

https://lpi.oregonstate.edu/biblio?f%5Bauthor%5D=6756&o=asc&page=3&s=keyword

random: fix possible sleeping allocation from irq context (bsc#1051510).. - random: mix rdrand with entropy sent in from ... random: set up the NUMA crng instances after the CRNG is fully. initialized (bsc#1051510).. - rdma/hns: Add 64KB page size ... net: hns3: Fix for rx priv buf allocation when DCB is not supported. (bsc#1104353).. - net: hns3: Fix for rx_priv_buf_alloc not ... ext4: check for allocation block validity with block group locked. (bsc#1104495).. - ext4: fix false negatives *and* false ...

https://www.suse.com/pt-br/support/update/announcement/2018/suse-su-20182538-1/

RANDOM SERIAL DICTATORSHIP AND THE CORE FROM RANDOM ENDOWMENTS IN HOUSE ALLOCATION PROBLEMS. *Atila Abdulkadiroglu, Tayfun ... Random serial dictatorship and the core from random endowments in house allocation problems ... This paper studies a generalization of the well known house allocation problem in which agents may own fractions of different ... We give a characterization of the set of group-strategyproof, Pareto-optimal, and reallocation-proof allocation rules for the ...

https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Efficient-and-fair-trading-algorithms-in-market-Yu-Zhang/3fd3c95656768fd5766bb431977db000d748f46a

A random number sequence is used to select a particular block, which determines the allocation order for the first four ... Allocation concealment. Allocation concealment is a technique that is used to help prevent selection bias by concealing the ... Thus the main rationale for random allocation is defeated, leading to potential bias. ... 7 Thus random allocation makes it more likely that there will be balancing of baseline systematic differences between ...

https://adc.bmj.com/content/90/8/840

Random Allocation 12% * Analgesia 12% * Anesthetics 11% * Oxygen 9% * Health Care Outcome Assessment 8% ...

https://www.research.ed.ac.uk/en/publications/assessment-of-the-influence-of-surgical-technique-on-postoperativ/fingerprints/

The random selection of nA patients from all patients (NA) in our example has the same effect as the random allocation of NA ... or use random selection of some instead of random allocation of all (features V and VI). ... each randomised controlled trial uses random selection of some participants (not random allocation of all); and "patient ... Generating two groups whose membership is a result of chance can be achieved by either random allocation of all participants or ...

https://www.bmj.com/content/340/bmj.c1066?ijkey=18c74b03a40cf7db5ba97aa8e708e353db16a7db&keytype2=tf_ipsecsha

Trials were eligible for inclusion if they met the following criteria: [1] used random allocation to assign participants to the ... 2015) found that a lower proportion of those in a random sample of people with PDs had documented evidence of smoking status, ...

https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00127-019-01705-x

Avin, Shahar (2017) Policy Considerations for Random Allocation of Research Funds. [Preprint] ...

http://philsci-archive.pitt.edu/view/creators/Avin=3AShahar=3A=3A.html

Random allocation is completed and medication started while incarcerated. All participants have monthly clinical follow-up ...

https://www.med.uio.no/klinmed/personer/vit/philippa/index.html

The hostel allocation will be done by computer random.. *Full-time UGC funded new local students who submitted the hostel ... For JUPAS and Direct Main Round application, the hostel allocation result will be announced at 10am on 23 Aug 2022 (Tue) via ... For application received from 15 Aug 2022, the hostel allocation result will be announced when student receives the hostel fee ... Students should contact their programme offices for hostel application and allocation details. Students who have to look for ...

https://www.ln.edu.hk/cht/osa/new-students/e-handbook-for-undergraduate-freshmen/student-hostel

The allocations were chosen at random from a pool of 8,000 eligible applicants. ...

https://www.shannonside.ie/news/theatre

It added that Bus Éireann decides "the allocation of the tickets by random selection". ...

https://www.irishtimes.com/ireland/education/2022/08/21/thousands-of-families-waiting-to-hear-if-children-have-places-on-school-buses/

They proposed three RB allocation techniques, namely, pure random allocation, compact random allocation and allocation with ... A downlink optimal power allocation scheme is used in [19] to maximize the spectral efficiency of the cell-edge user. ... Jain, R.; Chiu, D.-M.; Hawe, W.R. A Quantitative Measure of Fairness and Discrimination for Resource Allocation in Shared ... This method decentralizes the resource allocation decision by sharing the subcarrier, transmit power and rate information with ...

https://www.mdpi.com/2073-8994/9/6/81

Centralized randomization (i.e., managed at one site rather than at each enrollment site) using certain techniques is a preferred method ensuring allocation concealment. (nih.gov)
We undertook an assessment of methodological quality for random sequence generation, allocation concealment, blinding of outcome assessors and method of dealing with missing data. (mendeley.com)

Methods: We developed a Web-based random allocation system, MinimRan, that applies Pocock-Simon (for trials with 2 or more arms) and 2-way (currently limited to 2-arm trials) minimization methods for trials using only categorical prognostic factors or the symmetric Kullback-Leibler divergence minimization method for trials (currently limited to 2-arm trials) using continuous prognostic factors with or without categorical factors, in covariate-adaptive biased-coin randomization. (sutterhealth.org)
Effect of naturally random allocation to lower low-density lipoprotein cholesterol on the risk of coronary heart disease mediated by polymorphisms in NPC1L1, HMGCR, or both: a 2 × 2 factorial Mendelian randomization study. (cdc.gov)

Comparing the modified ABC algorithm to the greedy and random allocation algorithms, the ABC method was found to always achieve a score that was as good, if not better than the scores of the greedy and random allocation schemes. (erau.edu)

The mechanism for resource allocation protocol design in CRN" describes the topic of this research work and the contents of this thesis are organized around it. (up.ac.za)
Before investigating how to design appropriate mechanism for CR resource allocation (RA) protocols, the model of the radio resource and the model of how a CR system utilizes the resource have to be clarified. (up.ac.za)

Random upper cap for the uuid length to avoid unbounded allocation. (googlesource.com)

The key factors that affect the optimal weighted throughput and the optimal allocations are investigated through the numerical results obtained by the proposed queueing analytical framework. (up.ac.za)
My model analyzes the optimal allocation of attention between systematic and idiosyncratic risk factors when a macroeconomic announcement is anticipated. (aeaweb.org)
Paper III compares the optimal calibration method with random allocation of items to examinees in a simulation study using different measures. (su.se)

Chapter 3 examines how The Dynamic Linear Model could be applied to Random Allocation Models with no covariates to create a Bayesian Adaptive Model which may be used to determine preferred treatment by reducing between group bias. (vcu.edu)

Web-based minimization random allocation-clinical trials. (sutterhealth.org)
An easily accessible web-based minimization random allocation system for clinical trials. (sutterhealth.org)
Background: Minimization as an adaptive allocation technique has been recommended in the literature for use in randomized clinical trials. (sutterhealth.org)
An easily customized, random allocation system using the minimization method for multi-Institutional clinical trials. (uni-trier.de)

The project includes a detailed analysis of the business processes of the Commission for withdrawal of criminal assets, workflow plan for the optimization of these processes, design, development and implementation of information system for random allocation of cases, upgrade with the development of electronic registry and website providing e-services for the consultation of persons and property within the meaning of Art. (icygen.com)
Targeted towards institutional asset managers in general and chief investment officers, portfolio managers and risk managers in particular, this practical book serves as a comprehensive guide to quantitative portfolio optimization, asset allocation and risk management. (buecher.de)
Using extensive examples, this book guides the reader from basic return and risk analysis, all the way through to portfolio optimization and risk characterization, and finally on to fully fledged quantitative asset allocation and risk management. (buecher.de)

Random priority (RP), also called Random serial dictatorship (RSD), is a procedure for fair random assignment - dividing indivisible items fairly among people. (wikipedia.org)
The page on fair random assignment compares RSD to other procedures for solving the same problem, such as the probabilistic-serial rule. (wikipedia.org)
This diminishes selection bias by preventing the persons who are managing patient allocation, or the patients, from influencing (intentionally or not) patient assignment to one group or another. (nih.gov)

To evaluate Minion Task's performance, the modified ABC algorithm used by the task allocator was compared to a greedy and a random allocation scheme. (erau.edu)

Conclusions: We expect the system to facilitate the translation of the 3 validated random allocation methods into broad, efficient clinical research practice. (sutterhealth.org)
By intended-to-be-random allocation, we mean methods of allocation such as alternation (eg, "every second patient attending the clinic was allocated to the treatment group"), or allocation by odd and even birth dates or hospital record numbers. (pedro.org.au)
To be included in PEDro, the study must definitely have used random or intended-to-be-random allocation (that is, if it is not certain that one of these methods of allocation was used, the study will not be included). (pedro.org.au)
METHODS: Eighteen patients with mildly to moderately active UC were divided into two groups using a random allocation protocol. (greenmedinfo.com)

[ 12 ] A random allocation sequence was generated using the SPSS random number generator. (medscape.com)
Patients were assigned to the FB or TAU condition by a research assistant who knew the allocation sequence but had no information about the patients. (medscape.com)

this leads to the round-robin item allocation procedure. (wikipedia.org)
This procedure is known as random dictatorship (RD), and is the unique procedure that is efficient and strategyproof when preferences are strict. (wikipedia.org)
and starts the allocation procedure for each of them. (openstack.org)
Make each consumer invent their own allocation procedure or use metalsmith . (openstack.org)

The trial should involve random allocation or intended-to-be-random allocation of subjects to interventions. (pedro.org.au)

In the item division setting mentioned earlier, the alternatives correspond to the allocations of items to agents. (wikipedia.org)
In this general setting, if all agents have strict preferences over the alternatives, then RSD reduces to drawing a random agent and choosing the alternative that the agent likes best. (wikipedia.org)

This graph shows the total number of publications written about "Random Allocation" by people in this website by year, and whether "Random Allocation" was a major or minor topic of these publications. (umassmed.edu)
In this paper we show that on bounded degree graphs and general trees, the cover time of the simple random walk is asymptotically equal to the product of the number of edges and the square of the expected supremum of the Gaussian free field on the graph, assuming that the maximal hitting time is significantly smaller than the cover time. (projecteuclid.org)
By considering the task allocation problem as a graph search problem, Minion Task, is not only capable of finding and executing tasks, but is also capable of optimizing costs across a range of parameters and of considering constraints on the order that tasks may be completed in. (erau.edu)

Paper I consist of a simulation study where different item difficulty allocations are compared regarding the precision of mean ability growth when controlling for estimation method and item difficulty span. (su.se)

An estimate can be accurate, yet not be precise, if it is based on an unbiased method that provides observations having great variation or random error (i.e., not close in magnitude to each other). (nih.gov)
Eligible Account Managers are also required to receive written investment discretion, adhere to record retention requirements and make certain information regarding the allocation method available to customers upon request. (futures.org)

Lem.1 However, RSD is not ex-ante PE when the agents have Von Neumann-Morgenstern utilities over random allocations, i.e., lotteries over objects (Note that ex-ante envy-freeness is weaker than ex-post envy-freeness, but ex-ante Pareto-efficiency is stronger than ex-post Pareto-efficiency). (wikipedia.org)

The page on dictatorship mechanism describes RSD is a general rule for social choice - not necessarily for item allocation. (wikipedia.org)
The rule further provides that Eligible Account Managers bear the responsibility for the fair and equitable allocation of bunched orders. (futures.org)

The existing protocols are also analyzed to address the limitations and gaps in the design of allocation protocols. (up.ac.za)
The most important design strategy to minimise random error is to have a large sample size. (bmj.com)
A stratified random sampling design incorporating a proportionate allocation strategy was used to select a sample of mechanized mining units representative of all US underground coal mines. (cdc.gov)

Chance is a random error appearing to cause an association between an intervention and an outcome. (bmj.com)
The investigator assessing outcome will be blinded to treatment allocation. (bmj.com)

A thread is spawned for the remaining allocation process, and the allocation object is returned to the caller. (openstack.org)

A sensitivity analysis is conducted whereby the mean treatment allocation to each treatment iss calculated and discussed. (vcu.edu)
Random allocation for treatment comparisons can be used in various ways. (teachingebhc.org)
Random allocation for treatment comparisons can be used to compare different treatments given at different times in random order to the same patient. (jameslindlibrary.org)

Taking into account the specific activities of the Commission, the software system for random allocation of cases is designed and implemented to work in an isolated Intranet environment. (icygen.com)
The system allows automated random allocation of cases. (icygen.com)
An important feature, if not the most, that the allocation protocol for the CRN should possess is the ability to adjust the strategy of RA when the circumstances that affect the data transmission of the CR system varies, such as the activity of the license users or the variety of CR users' demands. (up.ac.za)
These are the essential building blocks of any random system, be it a telecommunications network, a hospital waiting list or a transport system. (edu.au)
The purpose of the regulation is to prevent various forms of customer abuse, such as the fraudulent allocation of trades, by providing an adequate audit trail that allows customer orders to be tracked at every step of the order processing system. (futures.org)

Group allocation was non-random , i.e. based on doctors' choices/clinical factors - more of an observational study than an RCT. (talkstats.com)
We are especially grateful to Katherine Miller, Maria McKee, Tara Regan Anderson, Mikaela Rabinowitz, and Jean Roland for the many insights they provided over the course of this project, as well as to the former District Attorney of San Francisco, George Gascon, who initiated Make-it-Right and advocated for the random allocation of individuals into the program which allowed for this study to be conducted. (nber.org)

Each agent has large equivalence classes in his preference, since he is indifferent between all the allocations in which he gets the same item. (wikipedia.org)

Was the allocation to groups done randomly? (talkstats.com)
the allocation to groups was non-random. (talkstats.com)

The existing reference protocols, including maximum rate and random allocation, are described under the DPM mechanism as well as the MT protocol. (up.ac.za)

Draw a random permutation of the agents from the uniform distribution. (wikipedia.org)
Obviously, it is not ex-post envy-free, since an agent who happens to be last in the random permutation might envy agents who appear earlier. (wikipedia.org)
Sec.2 When the rankings of the agents over the objects are drawn uniformly at random, the probability that the allocation given by RSD is ex-ante PE approaches zero as the number of agents grows. (wikipedia.org)

According to such considerations, the mechanism, namely distribution probability matrix (DPM), is designed to guide and describe the channel allocation protocol quantitatively. (up.ac.za)

The allocation request is routed to a random available conductor. (openstack.org)

Inside the Storage Engine: How are allocation unit IDs calculated? (sqlskills.com)
It's been a long time since I've written a post about pure internals, but every so often I get asked how an allocation unit ID is calculated from the m_objId and m_indexId fields that are stored in the header of every page. (sqlskills.com)
When DBCC PAGE dumps a page header's contents, it does the necessary calculations and metadata look-ups to be able to tell you the allocation unit ID, partition ID, relational object ID, and relational index ID. (sqlskills.com)
10 thoughts on " Inside the Storage Engine: How are allocation unit IDs calculated? (sqlskills.com)

Students should contact their programme offices for hostel application and allocation details. (edu.hk)

ICYGEN designed, developed and implemented software systems for random allocation of cases and The Electronic Register of Persons and Property, secured and confiscated via the Law of State Forfeiture of Property Acquired via Criminal Activity. (icygen.com)

A crucial ingredient of our approach is a new theorem on the existence of allocation rules balancing stationary diffuse random measures on $\mathbb{R}$. Another new result is an analogue for diffuse random measures on $\mathbb{R}$ of the cycle-stationarity characterisation of Palm versions of stationary simple point processes. (projecteuclid.org)

Both the Eligible Account Managers that take advantage of post-execution allocation procedures 2 and the IBs that execute or the FCMs that execute or clear these transactions must satisfy several requirements set forth in CFTC Regulation 1.35(b)(5). (futures.org)
FCMs that execute or clear orders eligible for post execution allocation and IBs that execute orders eligible for post execution allocation must maintain records that identify each order subject to post execution allocation and the accounts to which contracts executed for such order are allocated. (futures.org)
Although these methodologies were developed to assure compliance with the requirement that allocation instructions be provided at or before the time a bunched order is placed, they also apply to post-execution allocation procedures. (futures.org)

This course introduces students to the fundamental concepts of random processes, particularly continuous-time Markov chains, and related structures. (edu.au)

Databases that support the activities of the software systems for random allocation of cases and the website of the electronic register are separated logically and physically in order to prevent any possibility of accidental or intentional access to critical data. (icygen.com)
Random allocation software. (who.int)

3. On each memory allocation, we can generate a random tag, embed it into the returned pointer and set the memory tags that correspond to this chunk of memory to the same value. (kernel.org)
4. All pointers returned from the slab allocator are tagged with a random tag and the corresponding shadow memory is poisoned with the same value. (kernel.org)
As accessing this data often becomes a performance bottleneck, custom allocation strategies to guarantee data alignment or pinning allocations to specialized memory hardware can enable hardware-specific optimizations. (numpy.org)

Below are the most recent publications written about "Random Allocation" by people in Profiles. (umassmed.edu)

Make the API blocking and avoid having states for allocations. (openstack.org)

Random Allocation" is a descriptor in the National Library of Medicine's controlled vocabulary thesaurus, MeSH (Medical Subject Headings) . (umassmed.edu)

that will initially allow creating and deleting Allocation resources. (openstack.org)

They also arise in many other environments, where you wish to capture the development of some element of random behaviour over time, such as the state of the surrounding environment. (edu.au)

Anatomy8

Organisms12

Diseases4

Chemicals and Drugs5

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment20

Psychiatry and Psychology10

Phenomena and Processes16

Disciplines and Occupations1

Anthropology, Education, Sociology and Social Phenomena7

Technology, Industry, Agriculture1

Humanities4

Information Science1

Named Groups1

Health Care42

Geographicals2

Analysis of gabapentin in serum and plasma by solid-phase extraction and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry for therapeutic drug monitoring. (1/13054)

Progesterone alters biliary flow dynamics. (2/13054)

Protective effect of bactericidal/permeability-increasing protein (rBPI21) in baboon sepsis is related to its antibacterial, not antiendotoxin, properties. (3/13054)

Health at work in the general practice. (4/13054)

Effect of meat (beef, chicken, and bacon) on rat colon carcinogenesis. (5/13054)

Gonadotropin-releasing hormone improves reproductive performance of dairy cows with slow involution of the reproductive tract. (6/13054)

An estimation of the requirement for folic acid in gestating sows: the metabolic utilization of folates as a criterion of measurement. (7/13054)

Risk factors for lower airway bacterial colonization in chronic bronchitis. (8/13054)

Random Allocation

Injections, Epidural

Edrophonium

Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic

Fluoroscopy

Research Design

Anesthetics, Local

Resource Allocation

Double-Blind Method

Treatment Outcome

Health Care Rationing

Tissue and Organ Procurement

Biomass

Waiting Lists

Sex Ratio

Reproduction

Health Resources

Budgets

Patient Selection

Plant Components, Aerial

Regional Health Planning

Attention

Social Justice

Plant Leaves

End Stage Liver Disease

Tissue Donors

Nitrogen

Health Priorities

Clutch Size

Plant Roots

Turbellaria

Plant Shoots

Time Factors

Liver Transplantation

Trees

Financing, Government

Plant Stems

Sexual Behavior, Animal

Ethical Theory

Carbon

Health Expenditures

Carbon Cycle

Ethics, Medical

Accounting

Euphorbiaceae

United States

Photosynthesis

Plant Development

Soil

Ecosystem

Caryophyllaceae

Single-Blind Method

Models, Theoretical

Cost-Benefit Analysis

Models, Biological

Directed Tissue Donation

Ageratina

Costs and Cost Analysis

Value of Life

Selection Bias

Social Values

Sample Size

Decision Making, Organizational

Hermaphroditic Organisms

Health Policy

Models, Statistical

Biological Evolution

Mating Preference, Animal

Kidney Transplantation

Cadaver

Body Size

Disorders of Sex Development

State Medicine

Programming, Linear

Lung Transplantation

Cultural Deprivation

Liver Failure

Housing, Animal

Choice Behavior

Analysis of Variance