A strain of Murine leukemia virus (LEUKEMIA VIRUS, MURINE) isolated from radiation-induced lymphomas in C57BL mice. It is leukemogenic, thymotrophic, can be transmitted vertically, and replicates only in vivo.
Leukemia produced by exposure to IONIZING RADIATION or NON-IONIZING RADIATION.
Species of GAMMARETROVIRUS, containing many well-defined strains, producing leukemia in mice. Disease is commonly induced by injecting filtrates of propagable tumors into newborn mice.
Leukemia induced experimentally in animals by exposure to leukemogenic agents, such as VIRUSES; RADIATION; or by TRANSPLANTATION of leukemic tissues.
A neoplasm originating from thymic tissue, usually benign, and frequently encapsulated. Although it is occasionally invasive, metastases are extremely rare. It consists of any type of thymic epithelial cell as well as lymphocytes that are usually abundant. Malignant lymphomas that involve the thymus, e.g., lymphosarcoma, Hodgkin's disease (previously termed granulomatous thymoma), should not be regarded as thymoma. (From Stedman, 25th ed)
Tumors or cancer of the THYMUS GLAND.
A general term for various neoplastic diseases of the lymphoid tissue.
Conditions in which the abnormalities in the peripheral blood or bone marrow represent the early manifestations of acute leukemia, but in which the changes are not of sufficient magnitude or specificity to permit a diagnosis of acute leukemia by the usual clinical criteria.
A strain of Murine leukemia virus (LEUKEMIA VIRUS, MURINE) isolated from spontaneous leukemia in AKR strain mice.
A strain of Murine leukemia virus (LEUKEMIA VIRUS, MURINE) arising during the propagation of S37 mouse sarcoma, and causing lymphoid leukemia in mice. It also infects rats and newborn hamsters. It is apparently transmitted to embryos in utero and to newborns through mother's milk.
A single, unpaired primary lymphoid organ situated in the MEDIASTINUM, extending superiorly into the neck to the lower edge of the THYROID GLAND and inferiorly to the fourth costal cartilage. It is necessary for normal development of immunologic function early in life. By puberty, it begins to involute and much of the tissue is replaced by fat.
A species of GAMMARETROVIRUS causing leukemia, lymphosarcoma, immune deficiency, or other degenerative diseases in cats. Several cellular oncogenes confer on FeLV the ability to induce sarcomas (see also SARCOMA VIRUSES, FELINE).
The type species of DELTARETROVIRUS that causes a form of bovine lymphosarcoma (ENZOOTIC BOVINE LEUKOSIS) or persistent lymphocytosis.
Lymphocytes responsible for cell-mediated immunity. Two types have been identified - cytotoxic (T-LYMPHOCYTES, CYTOTOXIC) and helper T-lymphocytes (T-LYMPHOCYTES, HELPER-INDUCER). They are formed when lymphocytes circulate through the THYMUS GLAND and differentiate to thymocytes. When exposed to an antigen, they divide rapidly and produce large numbers of new T cells sensitized to that antigen.
A progressive, malignant disease of the blood-forming organs, characterized by distorted proliferation and development of leukocytes and their precursors in the blood and bone marrow. Leukemias were originally termed acute or chronic based on life expectancy but now are classified according to cellular maturity. Acute leukemias consist of predominately immature cells; chronic leukemias are composed of more mature cells. (From The Merck Manual, 2006)
A strain of Murine leukemia virus (LEUKEMIA VIRUS, MURINE) producing leukemia of the reticulum-cell type with massive infiltration of liver, spleen, and bone marrow. It infects DBA/2 and Swiss mice.
Clonal expansion of myeloid blasts in bone marrow, blood, and other tissue. Myeloid leukemias develop from changes in cells that normally produce NEUTROPHILS; BASOPHILS; EOSINOPHILS; and MONOCYTES.
Established cell cultures that have the potential to propagate indefinitely.
The amount of radiation energy that is deposited in a unit mass of material, such as tissues of plants or animal. In RADIOTHERAPY, radiation dosage is expressed in gray units (Gy). In RADIOLOGIC HEALTH, the dosage is expressed by the product of absorbed dose (Gy) and quality factor (a function of linear energy transfer), and is called radiation dose equivalent in sievert units (Sv).
A strain of PRIMATE T-LYMPHOTROPIC VIRUS 1 isolated from mature T4 cells in patients with T-lymphoproliferation malignancies. It causes adult T-cell leukemia (LEUKEMIA-LYMPHOMA, T-CELL, ACUTE, HTLV-I-ASSOCIATED), T-cell lymphoma (LYMPHOMA, T-CELL), and is involved in mycosis fungoides, SEZARY SYNDROME and tropical spastic paraparesis (PARAPARESIS, TROPICAL SPASTIC).
ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION or particle radiation (high energy ELEMENTARY PARTICLES) capable of directly or indirectly producing IONS in its passage through matter. The wavelengths of ionizing electromagnetic radiation are equal to or smaller than those of short (far) ultraviolet radiation and include gamma and X-rays.
Inbred C57BL mice are a strain of laboratory mice that have been produced by many generations of brother-sister matings, resulting in a high degree of genetic uniformity and homozygosity, making them widely used for biomedical research, including studies on genetics, immunology, cancer, and neuroscience.
Harmful effects of non-experimental exposure to ionizing or non-ionizing radiation in VERTEBRATES.
A replication-defective strain of Murine leukemia virus (LEUKEMIA VIRUS, MURINE) capable of transforming lymphoid cells and producing a rapidly progressing lymphoid leukemia after superinfection with FRIEND MURINE LEUKEMIA VIRUS; MOLONEY MURINE LEUKEMIA VIRUS; or RAUSCHER VIRUS.
Specific molecular components of the cell capable of recognizing and interacting with a virus, and which, after binding it, are capable of generating some signal that initiates the chain of events leading to the biological response.
A chronic leukemia characterized by abnormal B-lymphocytes and often generalized lymphadenopathy. In patients presenting predominately with blood and bone marrow involvement it is called chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL); in those predominately with enlarged lymph nodes it is called small lymphocytic lymphoma. These terms represent spectrums of the same disease.
The process of intracellular viral multiplication, consisting of the synthesis of PROTEINS; NUCLEIC ACIDS; and sometimes LIPIDS, and their assembly into a new infectious particle.
A species of GAMMARETROVIRUS causing leukemia in the gibbon ape. Natural transmission is by contact.
Viruses whose genetic material is RNA.
Transcriptional trans-acting proteins of the promoter elements found in the long terminal repeats (LTR) of HUMAN T-LYMPHOTROPIC VIRUS 1 and HUMAN T-LYMPHOTROPIC VIRUS 2. The tax (trans-activator x; x is undefined) proteins act by binding to enhancer elements in the LTR.
A strain of MURINE LEUKEMIA VIRUS associated with mouse tumors similar to those caused by the FRIEND MURINE LEUKEMIA VIRUS. It is a replication-competent murine leukemia virus. It can act as a helper virus when complexing with a defective transforming component, RAUSCHER SPLEEN FOCUS-FORMING VIRUS.
Leukemia associated with HYPERPLASIA of the lymphoid tissues and increased numbers of circulating malignant LYMPHOCYTES and lymphoblasts.
A pathologic change in leukemia in which leukemic cells permeate various organs at any stage of the disease. All types of leukemia show various degrees of infiltration, depending upon the type of leukemia. The degree of infiltration may vary from site to site. The liver and spleen are common sites of infiltration, the greatest appearing in myelocytic leukemia, but infiltration is seen also in the granulocytic and lymphocytic types. The kidney is also a common site and of the gastrointestinal system, the stomach and ileum are commonly involved. In lymphocytic leukemia the skin is often infiltrated. The central nervous system too is a common site.
A group of connective tissue diseases in which skin hangs in loose pendulous folds. It is believed to be associated with decreased elastic tissue formation as well as an abnormality in elastin formation. Cutis laxa is usually a genetic disease, but acquired cases have been reported. (From Dorland, 27th ed)
Neoplasms associated with a proliferation of a single clone of PLASMA CELLS and characterized by the secretion of PARAPROTEINS.
The outer covering of the body that protects it from the environment. It is composed of the DERMIS and the EPIDERMIS.
The external, nonvascular layer of the skin. It is made up, from within outward, of five layers of EPITHELIUM: (1) basal layer (stratum basale epidermidis); (2) spinous layer (stratum spinosum epidermidis); (3) granular layer (stratum granulosum epidermidis); (4) clear layer (stratum lucidum epidermidis); and (5) horny layer (stratum corneum epidermidis).

Identification of a common site of provirus integration in radiation leukemia virus-induced T-cell lymphomas in mice. (1/13)

The BL/VL(3) Kaplan radiation leukemia virus (RadLV-VL(3)) is a nondefective retrovirus that induces T cell lymphomas in several strains of mice. By using DNA probes derived from RadLV/VL(3) provirus-flanking sequences cloned from the BL/VL(3) cell line, we identified a DNA region rearranged in 5 of 19 tumors analysed (25%). All proviruses were integrated in the same 5'-to-3' orientation in a small DNA region called Kis1 (Kaplan integration site 1). This region was localized on distal mouse chromosome 2 in a region not previously identified as important to lymphomagenesis. The cells rearranged at the Kis1 locus represent a clonal subpopulation of the clonal tumor masses examined, indicating a probable role of Kis1 in tumor progression.  (+info)

U3 long terminal repeat-mediated induction of intracellular immunity by a murine retrovirus: a novel model of latency for retroviruses. (2/13)

BL/VL3 radiation leukemia virus (RadLV) is a thymotropic, highly leukemogenic murine leukemia virus (MuLV) which is unable to replicate in vitro in mouse fibroblasts. We have previously reported that the U3 long terminal repeat region of its genome is responsible for this block (E. Rassart, Y. Paquette, and P. Jolicoeur, J. Virol. 62:3840-3848, 1988). By using hybrids of permissive and resistant cells infected with BL/VL3 RadLV or fibrotropic MuLV, we found that the resistant phenotype was dominant. Investigation to determine at which step of the virus cycle the block operates revealed that integration, transcription, and translation of the BL/VL3 viral genome occurred at normal levels in nonpermissive cells. The BL/VL3 RadLV Pr65gag proteins made in nonpermissive cells were also myristylated and located at the membrane, and the levels of their cleaved products were similar to those of fibrotropic MuLV. However, processing of BL/VL3 RadLV Pr85env was impaired in nonpermissive cells. Virions were not released into the culture medium of nonpermissive cells, as measured by reverse transcriptase activity and by content in p30 or gp70 protein and as documented by lower levels of budding particles seen by electron microscopy. These results indicate that BL/VL3 RadLV replication is blocked at a late stage of the virus cycle, i.e., at virion assembly. Interestingly, these BL/VL3 RadLV-infected nonpermissive fibroblasts were resistant to superinfection by fibrotropic Moloney MuLV, and this resistance also occurred at a late step of the Moloney virus cycle. Since this block is dominant, it appears that the U3 long terminal repeat region of the BL/VL3 viral genome has the ability to induce a cellular suppressor factor(s), thus bringing intracellular immunity against itself and against other ecotropic MuLVs.  (+info)

Cyclo-oxygenase type 2-dependent prostaglandin E2 secretion is involved in retrovirus-induced T-cell dysfunction in mice. (3/13)

MAIDS (murine AIDS) is caused by infection with the murine leukaemia retrovirus RadLV-Rs and is characterized by a severe immunodeficiency and T-cell anergy combined with a lymphoproliferative disease affecting both B- and T-cells. Hyperactivation of the cAMP-protein kinase A pathway is involved in the T-cell dysfunction of MAIDS and HIV by inhibiting T-cell activation through the T-cell receptor. In the present study, we show that MAIDS involves a strong and selective up-regulation of cyclo-oxygenase type 2 in the CD11b+ subpopulation of T- and B-cells of the lymph nodes, leading to increased levels of PGE2 (prostaglandin E2). PGE2 activates the cAMP pathway through G-protein-coupled receptors. Treatment with cyclo-oxygenase type 2 inhibitors reduces the level of PGE2 and thereby reverses the T-cell anergy, restores the T-cell immune function and ameliorates the lymphoproliferative disease.  (+info)

Radiation leukemia virus common integration at the Kis2 locus: simultaneous overexpression of a novel noncoding RNA and of the proximal Phf6 gene. (4/13)

Retroviral tagging has been used extensively and successfully to identify genes implicated in cancer pathways. In order to find oncogenes implicated in T-cell leukemia, we used the highly leukemogenic radiation leukemia retrovirus VL3 (RadLV/VL3). We applied the inverted PCR technique to isolate and analyze sequences flanking proviral integrations in RadLV/VL3-induced T lymphomas. We found retroviral integrations in c-myc and Pim1 as already reported but we also identified for the first time Notch1 as a RadLV common integration site. More interestingly, we found a new RadLV common integration site that is situated on mouse chromosome X (XA4 region, bp 45091000). This site has also been reported as an SL3-3 and Moloney murine leukemia virus integration site, which strengthens its implication in murine leukemia virus-induced T lymphomas. This locus, named Kis2 (Kaplan Integration Site 2), was found rearranged in 11% of the tumors analyzed. In this article, we report not only the alteration of the Kis2 gene located nearby in response to RadLV integration but also the induction of the expression of Phf6, situated about 250 kbp from the integration site. The Kis2 gene encodes five different alternatively spliced noncoding RNAs and the Phf6 gene codes for a 365-amino-acid protein which contains two plant homology domain fingers, recently implicated in the Borjeson-Forssman-Lehmann syndrome in humans. With the recent release of the mouse genome sequence, high-throughput retroviral tagging emerges as a powerful tool in the quest for oncogenes. It also allows the analysis of large DNA regions surrounding the integration locus.  (+info)

Determinants of thymotropism in Kaplan radiation leukemia virus and nucleotide sequence of its envelope region. (5/13)

Radiation leukemia viruses (RadLVs) are a group of murine leukemia viruses which are induced by radiation and cause T-cell leukemia. Viral clones isolated from the BL/VL3 lymphoid cell line derived from a thymoma show variable tropism and leukemogenic potential. We have constructed chimeric viruses by in vitro recombination between two viruses, a RadLV that is thymotropic and an endogenous ecotropic virus that is nonthymotropic. We show here that, in contrast to thymotropism determinants identified previously, which lie in the long terminal repeat (LTR), it is the envelope region that is responsible for the thymotropism of BL/VL3 RadLV. The nonthymotropic virus which we have rendered thymotropic by transfer of the env region of RadLV in the present study has been shown previously to become thymotropic when the LTR of another thymotropic virus is inserted in its genome. Thus, the LTR and envelope gene may be involved in complementary action to lead to thymotropism.  (+info)

Treatment of premalignancy: prevention of lymphoma in radiation leukemia virus-inoculated mice by cyclosporin A and immunotoxin. (6/13)

Radiation leukemia virus (RadLV)-induced preleukemic (PL) latency is characterized by the appearance of virus-infected PL cells in the thymus. The survival of these PL cells is dependent upon autostimulation with interleukin 4 (IL-4). We have intervened prophylactically in RadLV-induced preleukemia by using cyclosporin-A (CSA), which inhibits IL-4 production, and an immunotoxin (ITx) that kills PL cells. CSA efficiently inhibited IL-4 secretion from RadLV-induced PL and leukemic cells, and its administration to PL mice caused a significant delay in their death. An ITx consisting of anti-RadLV glycoprotein-70 (gp70) antibody coupled to ricin A chain efficiently inhibited protein synthesis in virus-infected cells in vitro and, when injected into PL mice, also delayed their death. Combined treatment with CSA and ITx prevented 75% of the treated PL mice from developing lymphoma. These results show that the development of malignancy from a premalignant state can be averted by a combination of therapeutic modalities that decrease the size and growth rate of the premalignant cell population.  (+info)

Identification of a novel gene, Vin-1, in murine leukemia virus-induced T-cell leukemias by provirus insertional mutagenesis. (7/13)

The BL/VL3 radiation leukemia virus is a nondefective retrovirus which induces clonal or oligoclonal T-cell leukemia in mice. To study the role of provirus insertional mutagenesis in the development of these neoplasias, we searched for common provirus integration sites in BL/VL3 radiation leukemia virus-induced tumors. Using cellular sequences flanking a provirus cloned from one of these thymomas, we found that the viral genome was integrated into a common region, designated Vin-1, in a low percentage (5%) of these tumors. The proviruses found in this locus were integrated in the same orientation, close to a CpG-rich island, at proximity of a transcriptional unit encoding a 6-kb RNA. Vin-1 RNA was detected in several organs of the adult mouse. Vin-1 RNA levels were high in tumors having a provirus inserted within the Vin-1 region but were also high in some other tumors whose Vin-1 region was not found to be rearranged. Vin-1 was found to be well conserved among mammalian species and was mapped to mouse chromosome 6, between raf and K-ras-2. Vin-1 appears to be a novel gene which may be involved in tumor development.  (+info)

Oncogenic potential of the miR-106-363 cluster and its implication in human T-cell leukemia. (8/13)

We previously reported the identification of the Kis2 common retrovirus integration site, located on mouse chromosome X, in radiation leukemia virus-induced T-cell leukemias. Tumors with a provirus at the Kis2 locus overexpressed a novel noncoding RNA (ncRNA) with a complex splicing pattern and no polyA tail. Database upgrade revealed the presence of a microRNA (miRNA) cluster, miR-106-363, just downstream of the Kis2 ncRNAs. We found that Kis2 ncRNAs are the pri-miRNA of miR-106-363, and we present evidence that Kis2 ncRNA overexpression in mouse tumors results in miR-106a, miR-19b-2, miR-92-2, and miR-20b accumulation. We show the oncogenic potential of those miRNAs in anchorage independence assay and confirm pri-miR-106-363 overexpression in 46% of human T-cell leukemias tested. This overexpression contributes in rising miR-92 and miR-19 levels, as this is the case for miR-17-92 cluster overexpression. Furthermore, we identified myosin regulatory light chain-interacting protein, retinoblastoma-binding protein 1-like, and possibly homeodomain-interacting protein kinase 3 as target genes of this miRNA cluster, which establishes a link between these genes and T-cell leukemia for the first time.  (+info)

The Radiation Leukemia Virus (RLV) is not a recognized medical term or a virus with clinical significance in human medicine. However, it appears to be a term used in some scientific research, particularly in the field of molecular biology and genetics, where it refers to a retrovirus that was first isolated from mice exposed to high levels of radiation.

Radiation Leukemia Virus (RLV) is a murine leukemia virus that was originally discovered in 1976 in mice that had been exposed to high doses of radiation. RLV is a retrovirus, which means it contains RNA as its genetic material and uses an enzyme called reverse transcriptase to create DNA copies of its genome that can integrate into the host cell's chromosomes.

RLV has been used in laboratory studies to investigate the mechanisms of retroviral infection, gene regulation, and tumorigenesis. However, it is not a human virus and does not cause leukemia or any other diseases in humans.

Radiation-induced leukemia is a type of cancer that affects the blood-forming tissues of the body, such as the bone marrow. It is caused by exposure to high levels of radiation, which can damage the DNA of cells and lead to their uncontrolled growth and division.

There are several types of radiation-induced leukemia, depending on the specific type of blood cell that becomes cancerous. The most common types are acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). These forms of leukemia tend to progress quickly and require prompt treatment.

Radiation-induced leukemia is a rare complication of radiation therapy, which is used to treat many types of cancer. The risk of developing this type of leukemia increases with the dose and duration of radiation exposure. It is important to note that the benefits of radiation therapy in treating cancer generally outweigh the small increased risk of developing radiation-induced leukemia.

Symptoms of radiation-induced leukemia may include fatigue, fever, frequent infections, easy bruising or bleeding, and weight loss. If you have been exposed to high levels of radiation and are experiencing these symptoms, it is important to seek medical attention promptly. A diagnosis of radiation-induced leukemia is typically made through a combination of physical exam, medical history, and laboratory tests, such as blood counts and bone marrow biopsy. Treatment may include chemotherapy, radiation therapy, and/or stem cell transplantation.

Medical Definition:

Murine leukemia virus (MLV) is a type of retrovirus that primarily infects and causes various types of malignancies such as leukemias and lymphomas in mice. It is a complex genus of viruses, with many strains showing different pathogenic properties.

MLV contains two identical single-stranded RNA genomes and has the ability to reverse transcribe its RNA into DNA upon infection, integrating this proviral DNA into the host cell's genome. This is facilitated by an enzyme called reverse transcriptase, which MLV carries within its viral particle.

The virus can be horizontally transmitted between mice through close contact with infected saliva, urine, or milk. Vertical transmission from mother to offspring can also occur either in-utero or through the ingestion of infected breast milk.

MLV has been extensively studied as a model system for retroviral pathogenesis and tumorigenesis, contributing significantly to our understanding of oncogenes and their role in cancer development. It's important to note that Murine Leukemia Virus does not infect humans.

Experimental leukemia refers to the stage of research or clinical trials where new therapies, treatments, or diagnostic methods are being studied for leukemia. Leukemia is a type of cancer that affects the blood and bone marrow, leading to an overproduction of abnormal white blood cells.

In the experimental stage, researchers investigate various aspects of leukemia, such as its causes, progression, and potential treatments. They may conduct laboratory studies using cell cultures or animal models to understand the disease better and test new therapeutic approaches. Additionally, clinical trials may be conducted to evaluate the safety and efficacy of novel treatments in human patients with leukemia.

Experimental research in leukemia is crucial for advancing our understanding of the disease and developing more effective treatment strategies. It involves a rigorous and systematic process that adheres to ethical guidelines and scientific standards to ensure the validity and reliability of the findings.

Thymoma is a type of tumor that originates from the thymus gland, which is a part of the immune system located in the chest behind the breastbone. Thymomas are typically slow-growing and often do not cause any symptoms until they have grown quite large or spread to other parts of the body.

Thymomas can be classified into different types based on their appearance under a microscope, such as type A, AB, B1, B2, and B3. These classifications are important because they can help predict how aggressive the tumor is likely to be and how it should be treated.

Symptoms of thymoma may include cough, chest pain, difficulty breathing, or swelling in the face or neck. Thymomas can also be associated with autoimmune disorders such as myasthenia gravis, which affects muscle strength and mobility. Treatment for thymoma typically involves surgical removal of the tumor, often followed by radiation therapy or chemotherapy to help prevent recurrence.

Thymus neoplasms are abnormal growths in the thymus gland that result from uncontrolled cell division. The term "neoplasm" refers to any new and abnormal growth of tissue, also known as a tumor. Thymus neoplasms can be benign or malignant (cancerous).

Malignant thymus neoplasms are called thymomas or thymic carcinomas. Thymomas are the most common type and tend to grow slowly, invading nearby tissues and organs. They can also spread (metastasize) to other parts of the body. Thymic carcinomas are rarer and more aggressive, growing and spreading more quickly than thymomas.

Symptoms of thymus neoplasms may include coughing, chest pain, difficulty breathing, or swelling in the neck or upper chest. Treatment options for thymus neoplasms depend on the type, size, location, and stage of the tumor, as well as the patient's overall health. Treatment may include surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, or a combination of these approaches.

Lymphoma is a type of cancer that originates from the white blood cells called lymphocytes, which are part of the immune system. These cells are found in various parts of the body such as the lymph nodes, spleen, bone marrow, and other organs. Lymphoma can be classified into two main types: Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) and non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL).

HL is characterized by the presence of a specific type of abnormal lymphocyte called Reed-Sternberg cells, while NHL includes a diverse group of lymphomas that lack these cells. The symptoms of lymphoma may include swollen lymph nodes, fever, night sweats, weight loss, and fatigue.

The exact cause of lymphoma is not known, but it is believed to result from genetic mutations in the lymphocytes that lead to uncontrolled cell growth and division. Exposure to certain viruses, chemicals, and radiation may increase the risk of developing lymphoma. Treatment options for lymphoma depend on various factors such as the type and stage of the disease, age, and overall health of the patient. Common treatments include chemotherapy, radiation therapy, immunotherapy, and stem cell transplantation.

"Preleukemia" is a term that was used historically to describe conditions characterized by the presence of preleukemic cells or certain genetic changes that could potentially progress into acute leukemia. However, this terminology has largely been replaced in modern medicine.

Currently, the preferred terms are "clonal hematopoiesis" or "clonal cytopenias of undetermined significance (CCUS)" for conditions where there is an expansion of blood cells with certain genetic mutations but without evidence of progression to acute leukemia.

One example of this is a condition called "clonal hematopoiesis of indeterminate potential" (CHIP), which is defined by the presence of certain somatic mutations in hematopoietic stem cells, but without evidence of cytopenias or progression to malignancy.

It's important to note that not all individuals with CHIP will develop leukemia, and many may never experience any symptoms related to this condition. However, the presence of CHIP has been associated with an increased risk of hematologic cancers, as well as cardiovascular disease.

The AKR murine leukemia virus (AKR MLV) is a type of retrovirus that naturally infects mice of the AKR strain. It is a member of the gammaretrovirus genus and is closely related to other murine leukemia viruses (MLVs).

AKR MLV is transmitted horizontally through close contact with infected animals, as well as vertically from mother to offspring. The virus primarily infects hematopoietic cells, including lymphocytes and macrophages, and can cause a variety of diseases, most notably leukemia and lymphoma.

The AKR MLV genome contains three main structural genes: gag, pol, and env, which encode the viral matrix, capsid, nucleocapsid, reverse transcriptase, integrase, and envelope proteins, respectively. Additionally, the virus carries accessory genes, such as rex and sor, that play a role in regulating viral gene expression and replication.

AKR MLV has been extensively studied as a model system for retrovirus biology and pathogenesis, and its study has contributed significantly to our understanding of the mechanisms of retroviral infection, replication, and disease.

The Moloney murine leukemia virus (Mo-MLV) is a type of retrovirus, specifically a gammaretrovirus, that is commonly found in mice. It was first discovered and isolated by John Moloney in 1960. Mo-MLV is known to cause various types of cancerous conditions, particularly leukemia, in susceptible mouse strains.

Mo-MLV has a single-stranded RNA genome that is reverse transcribed into double-stranded DNA upon infection of the host cell. This viral DNA then integrates into the host's genome and utilizes the host's cellular machinery to produce new virus particles. The Mo-MLV genome encodes for several viral proteins, including gag (group-specific antigen), pol (polymerase), and env (envelope) proteins, which are essential for the replication cycle of the virus.

Mo-MLV is widely used in laboratory research as a model retrovirus to study various aspects of viral replication, gene therapy, and oncogenesis. It has also been engineered as a vector for gene delivery applications due to its ability to efficiently integrate into the host genome and deliver large DNA sequences. However, it is important to note that Mo-MLV and other retroviruses have the potential to cause insertional mutagenesis, which can lead to unintended genetic alterations and adverse effects in some cases.

The thymus gland is an essential organ of the immune system, located in the upper chest, behind the sternum and surrounding the heart. It's primarily active until puberty and begins to shrink in size and activity thereafter. The main function of the thymus gland is the production and maturation of T-lymphocytes (T-cells), which are crucial for cell-mediated immunity, helping to protect the body from infection and cancer.

The thymus gland provides a protected environment where immune cells called pre-T cells develop into mature T cells. During this process, they learn to recognize and respond appropriately to foreign substances while remaining tolerant to self-tissues, which is crucial for preventing autoimmune diseases.

Additionally, the thymus gland produces hormones like thymosin that regulate immune cell activities and contribute to the overall immune response.

Feline Leukemia Virus (FeLV) is a retrovirus that primarily infects cats, causing a variety of diseases and disorders. It is the causative agent of feline leukemia, a name given to a syndrome characterized by a variety of symptoms such as lymphoma (cancer of the lymphatic system), anemia, immunosuppression, and reproductive disorders. FeLV is typically transmitted through close contact with infected cats, such as through saliva, nasal secretions, urine, and milk. It can also be spread through shared litter boxes and feeding dishes.

FeLV infects cells of the immune system, leading to a weakened immune response and making the cat more susceptible to other infections. The virus can also integrate its genetic material into the host's DNA, potentially causing cancerous changes in infected cells. FeLV is a significant health concern for cats, particularly those that are exposed to outdoor environments or come into contact with other cats. Vaccination and regular veterinary care can help protect cats from this virus.

Bovine Leukemia Virus (BLV) is a retrovirus that infects cattle and causes enzootic bovine leukosis, a neoplastic disease characterized by the proliferation of malignant B-lymphocytes. The virus primarily targets the animal's immune system, leading to a decrease in the number of white blood cells (leukopenia) and an increased susceptibility to other infections.

The virus is transmitted horizontally through close contact with infected animals or vertically from mother to offspring via infected milk or colostrum. The majority of BLV-infected cattle remain asymptomatic carriers, but a small percentage develop clinical signs such as lymphoma, weight loss, and decreased milk production.

BLV is closely related to human T-cell leukemia virus (HTLV), and both viruses belong to the Retroviridae family, genus Deltaretrovirus. However, it's important to note that BLV does not cause leukemia or any other neoplastic diseases in humans.

T-lymphocytes, also known as T-cells, are a type of white blood cell that plays a key role in the adaptive immune system's response to infection. They are produced in the bone marrow and mature in the thymus gland. There are several different types of T-cells, including CD4+ helper T-cells, CD8+ cytotoxic T-cells, and regulatory T-cells (Tregs).

CD4+ helper T-cells assist in activating other immune cells, such as B-lymphocytes and macrophages. They also produce cytokines, which are signaling molecules that help coordinate the immune response. CD8+ cytotoxic T-cells directly kill infected cells by releasing toxic substances. Regulatory T-cells help maintain immune tolerance and prevent autoimmune diseases by suppressing the activity of other immune cells.

T-lymphocytes are important in the immune response to viral infections, cancer, and other diseases. Dysfunction or depletion of T-cells can lead to immunodeficiency and increased susceptibility to infections. On the other hand, an overactive T-cell response can contribute to autoimmune diseases and chronic inflammation.

Leukemia is a type of cancer that originates from the bone marrow - the soft, inner part of certain bones where new blood cells are made. It is characterized by an abnormal production of white blood cells, known as leukocytes or blasts. These abnormal cells accumulate in the bone marrow and interfere with the production of normal blood cells, leading to a decrease in red blood cells (anemia), platelets (thrombocytopenia), and healthy white blood cells (leukopenia).

There are several types of leukemia, classified based on the specific type of white blood cell affected and the speed at which the disease progresses:

1. Acute Leukemias - These types of leukemia progress rapidly, with symptoms developing over a few weeks or months. They involve the rapid growth and accumulation of immature, nonfunctional white blood cells (blasts) in the bone marrow and peripheral blood. The two main categories are:
- Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL) - Originates from lymphoid progenitor cells, primarily affecting children but can also occur in adults.
- Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) - Develops from myeloid progenitor cells and is more common in older adults.

2. Chronic Leukemias - These types of leukemia progress slowly, with symptoms developing over a period of months to years. They involve the production of relatively mature, but still abnormal, white blood cells that can accumulate in large numbers in the bone marrow and peripheral blood. The two main categories are:
- Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL) - Affects B-lymphocytes and is more common in older adults.
- Chronic Myeloid Leukemia (CML) - Originates from myeloid progenitor cells, characterized by the presence of a specific genetic abnormality called the Philadelphia chromosome. It can occur at any age but is more common in middle-aged and older adults.

Treatment options for leukemia depend on the type, stage, and individual patient factors. Treatments may include chemotherapy, targeted therapy, immunotherapy, stem cell transplantation, or a combination of these approaches.

Friend murine leukemia virus (F-MuLV) is a type of retrovirus that specifically infects mice. It was first discovered by Charlotte Friend in the 1950s and has since been widely used as a model system to study retroviral pathogenesis, oncogenesis, and immune responses.

F-MuLV is a complex retrovirus that contains several accessory genes, including gag, pol, env, and others. The virus can cause leukemia and other malignancies in susceptible mice, particularly when it is transmitted from mother to offspring through the milk.

The virus is also known to induce immunosuppression, which makes infected mice more susceptible to other infections and diseases. F-MuLV has been used extensively in laboratory research to investigate various aspects of retroviral biology, including viral entry, replication, gene expression, and host immune responses.

It is important to note that Friend murine leukemia virus only infects mice and is not known to cause any disease in humans or other animals.

Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a type of cancer that originates in the bone marrow, the soft inner part of certain bones where new blood cells are made. In AML, the immature cells, called blasts, in the bone marrow fail to mature into normal blood cells. Instead, these blasts accumulate and interfere with the production of normal blood cells, leading to a shortage of red blood cells (anemia), platelets (thrombocytopenia), and normal white blood cells (leukopenia).

AML is called "acute" because it can progress quickly and become severe within days or weeks without treatment. It is a type of myeloid leukemia, which means that it affects the myeloid cells in the bone marrow. Myeloid cells are a type of white blood cell that includes monocytes and granulocytes, which help fight infection and defend the body against foreign invaders.

In AML, the blasts can build up in the bone marrow and spread to other parts of the body, including the blood, lymph nodes, liver, spleen, and brain. This can cause a variety of symptoms, such as fatigue, fever, frequent infections, easy bruising or bleeding, and weight loss.

AML is typically treated with a combination of chemotherapy, radiation therapy, and/or stem cell transplantation. The specific treatment plan will depend on several factors, including the patient's age, overall health, and the type and stage of the leukemia.

A cell line is a culture of cells that are grown in a laboratory for use in research. These cells are usually taken from a single cell or group of cells, and they are able to divide and grow continuously in the lab. Cell lines can come from many different sources, including animals, plants, and humans. They are often used in scientific research to study cellular processes, disease mechanisms, and to test new drugs or treatments. Some common types of human cell lines include HeLa cells (which come from a cancer patient named Henrietta Lacks), HEK293 cells (which come from embryonic kidney cells), and HUVEC cells (which come from umbilical vein endothelial cells). It is important to note that cell lines are not the same as primary cells, which are cells that are taken directly from a living organism and have not been grown in the lab.

Radiation dosage, in the context of medical physics, refers to the amount of radiation energy that is absorbed by a material or tissue, usually measured in units of Gray (Gy), where 1 Gy equals an absorption of 1 Joule of radiation energy per kilogram of matter. In the clinical setting, radiation dosage is used to plan and assess the amount of radiation delivered to a patient during treatments such as radiotherapy. It's important to note that the biological impact of radiation also depends on other factors, including the type and energy level of the radiation, as well as the sensitivity of the irradiated tissues or organs.

Human T-lymphotropic virus 1 (HTLV-1) is a complex retrovirus that infects CD4+ T lymphocytes and can cause adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATLL) and HTLV-1-associated myelopathy/tropical spastic paraparesis (HAM/TSP). The virus is primarily transmitted through breastfeeding, sexual contact, or contaminated blood products. After infection, the virus integrates into the host's genome and can remain latent for years or even decades before leading to disease. HTLV-1 is endemic in certain regions of the world, including Japan, the Caribbean, Central and South America, and parts of Africa.

Ionizing radiation is a type of radiation that carries enough energy to ionize atoms or molecules, which means it can knock electrons out of their orbits and create ions. These charged particles can cause damage to living tissue and DNA, making ionizing radiation dangerous to human health. Examples of ionizing radiation include X-rays, gamma rays, and some forms of subatomic particles such as alpha and beta particles. The amount and duration of exposure to ionizing radiation are important factors in determining the potential health effects, which can range from mild skin irritation to an increased risk of cancer and other diseases.

C57BL/6 (C57 Black 6) is an inbred strain of laboratory mouse that is widely used in biomedical research. The term "inbred" refers to a strain of animals where matings have been carried out between siblings or other closely related individuals for many generations, resulting in a population that is highly homozygous at most genetic loci.

The C57BL/6 strain was established in 1920 by crossing a female mouse from the dilute brown (DBA) strain with a male mouse from the black strain. The resulting offspring were then interbred for many generations to create the inbred C57BL/6 strain.

C57BL/6 mice are known for their robust health, longevity, and ease of handling, making them a popular choice for researchers. They have been used in a wide range of biomedical research areas, including studies of cancer, immunology, neuroscience, cardiovascular disease, and metabolism.

One of the most notable features of the C57BL/6 strain is its sensitivity to certain genetic modifications, such as the introduction of mutations that lead to obesity or impaired glucose tolerance. This has made it a valuable tool for studying the genetic basis of complex diseases and traits.

Overall, the C57BL/6 inbred mouse strain is an important model organism in biomedical research, providing a valuable resource for understanding the genetic and molecular mechanisms underlying human health and disease.

Radiation injuries refer to the damages that occur to living tissues as a result of exposure to ionizing radiation. These injuries can be acute, occurring soon after exposure to high levels of radiation, or chronic, developing over a longer period after exposure to lower levels of radiation. The severity and type of injury depend on the dose and duration of exposure, as well as the specific tissues affected.

Acute radiation syndrome (ARS), also known as radiation sickness, is the most severe form of acute radiation injury. It can cause symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, fatigue, fever, and skin burns. In more severe cases, it can lead to neurological damage, hemorrhage, infection, and death.

Chronic radiation injuries, on the other hand, may not appear until months or even years after exposure. They can cause a range of symptoms, including fatigue, weakness, skin changes, cataracts, reduced fertility, and an increased risk of cancer.

Radiation injuries can be treated with supportive care, such as fluids and electrolytes replacement, antibiotics, wound care, and blood transfusions. In some cases, surgery may be necessary to remove damaged tissue or control bleeding. Prevention is the best approach to radiation injuries, which includes limiting exposure through proper protective measures and monitoring radiation levels in the environment.

The Abelson murine leukemia virus (Abelson murine leukemia virus, or A-MuLV) is a type of retrovirus that can cause cancer in mice. It was first discovered in 1970 and has since been widely studied as a model system for understanding the mechanisms of retroviral infection and cancer development.

A-MuLV is named after Peter Nowell and David A. Harrison, who first described the virus and its ability to cause leukemia in mice. The virus contains an oncogene called "v-abl," which encodes a tyrosine kinase enzyme that can activate various signaling pathways involved in cell growth and division. When the v-abl oncogene is integrated into the genome of an infected mouse cell, it can cause uncontrolled cell growth and division, leading to the development of leukemia.

A-MuLV has been used extensively in laboratory research to study the molecular mechanisms of cancer development and to develop new therapies for treating cancer. It has also been used as a tool for introducing specific genetic modifications into mouse cells, allowing researchers to study the effects of those modifications on cell behavior and function.

Virus receptors are specific molecules (commonly proteins) on the surface of host cells that viruses bind to in order to enter and infect those cells. This interaction between the virus and its receptor is a critical step in the infection process. Different types of viruses have different receptor requirements, and identifying these receptors can provide important insights into the biology of the virus and potential targets for antiviral therapies.

Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is a type of cancer that starts from cells that become certain white blood cells (called lymphocytes) in the bone marrow. The cancer (leukemia) cells start in the bone marrow but then go into the blood.

In CLL, the leukemia cells often build up slowly. Many people don't have any symptoms for at least a few years. But over time, the cells can spread to other parts of the body, including the lymph nodes, liver, and spleen.

The "B-cell" part of the name refers to the fact that the cancer starts in a type of white blood cell called a B lymphocyte or B cell. The "chronic" part means that this leukemia usually progresses more slowly than other types of leukemia.

It's important to note that chronic lymphocytic leukemia is different from chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML). Although both are cancers of the white blood cells, they start in different types of white blood cells and progress differently.

Virus replication is the process by which a virus produces copies or reproduces itself inside a host cell. This involves several steps:

1. Attachment: The virus attaches to a specific receptor on the surface of the host cell.
2. Penetration: The viral genetic material enters the host cell, either by invagination of the cell membrane or endocytosis.
3. Uncoating: The viral genetic material is released from its protective coat (capsid) inside the host cell.
4. Replication: The viral genetic material uses the host cell's machinery to produce new viral components, such as proteins and nucleic acids.
5. Assembly: The newly synthesized viral components are assembled into new virus particles.
6. Release: The newly formed viruses are released from the host cell, often through lysis (breaking) of the cell membrane or by budding off the cell membrane.

The specific mechanisms and details of virus replication can vary depending on the type of virus. Some viruses, such as DNA viruses, use the host cell's DNA polymerase to replicate their genetic material, while others, such as RNA viruses, use their own RNA-dependent RNA polymerase or reverse transcriptase enzymes. Understanding the process of virus replication is important for developing antiviral therapies and vaccines.

Gibbon Ape Leukemia Virus (GaLV) is not exactly a "leukemia virus" in the sense that it directly causes leukemia in humans. Instead, GaLV is a type of retrovirus that primarily infects gibbons and some other non-human primates. It's important to note that GaLV is not known to infect or cause disease in healthy human beings.

GaLV has four subtypes (A, B, C, and D), with A and B being the most well-studied. These viruses have a close genetic relationship with certain human retroviruses, such as Human T-cell Leukemia Virus types I and II (HTLV-I/II). Although GaLV is not known to cause leukemia or any other diseases in humans directly, it has served as an important model for understanding the biology and pathogenesis of retroviruses, including those that can cause leukemia and other malignancies in humans.

The term "leukemia virus" is often used to describe retroviruses that can cause leukemia or lymphoma, such as HTLV-I/II and Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV). GaLV does not fit into this category for humans, but it's essential to understand its role in the context of retroviral research and comparative primatology.

RNA viruses are a type of virus that contain ribonucleic acid (RNA) as their genetic material, as opposed to deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA). RNA viruses replicate by using an enzyme called RNA-dependent RNA polymerase to transcribe and replicate their RNA genome.

There are several different groups of RNA viruses, including:

1. Negative-sense single-stranded RNA viruses: These viruses have a genome that is complementary to the mRNA and must undergo transcription to produce mRNA before translation can occur. Examples include influenza virus, measles virus, and rabies virus.
2. Positive-sense single-stranded RNA viruses: These viruses have a genome that can serve as mRNA and can be directly translated into protein after entry into the host cell. Examples include poliovirus, rhinoviruses, and coronaviruses.
3. Double-stranded RNA viruses: These viruses have a genome consisting of double-stranded RNA and use a complex replication strategy involving both transcription and reverse transcription. Examples include rotaviruses and reoviruses.

RNA viruses are known to cause a wide range of human diseases, ranging from the common cold to more severe illnesses such as hepatitis C, polio, and COVID-19. Due to their high mutation rates and ability to adapt quickly to new environments, RNA viruses can be difficult to control and treat with antiviral drugs or vaccines.

A gene product is the biochemical material, such as a protein or RNA, that is produced by the expression of a gene. Gene products are the result of the translation and transcription of genetic information encoded in DNA or RNA.

In the context of "tax," this term is not typically used in a medical definition of gene products. However, it may refer to the concept of taxing or regulating gene products in the context of genetic engineering or synthetic biology. This could involve imposing fees or restrictions on the production, use, or sale of certain gene products, particularly those that are genetically modified or engineered. The regulation of gene products is an important aspect of ensuring their safe and effective use in various applications, including medical treatments, agricultural production, and industrial processes.

I'm sorry for any confusion, but there seems to be no established medical definition or recognition of a "Rauscher Virus" in human or veterinary medicine. It is possible that you may have misspelled or misremembered the name of a specific virus or medical term. If you have more information or context about where this term was used, I'd be happy to help you further research the topic.

Leukemia, lymphoid is a type of cancer that affects the lymphoid cells, which are a vital part of the body's immune system. It is characterized by the uncontrolled production of abnormal white blood cells (leukocytes or WBCs) in the bone marrow, specifically the lymphocytes. These abnormal lymphocytes accumulate and interfere with the production of normal blood cells, leading to a decrease in red blood cells (anemia), platelets (thrombocytopenia), and healthy white blood cells (leukopenia).

There are two main types of lymphoid leukemia: acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). Acute lymphoblastic leukemia progresses rapidly, while chronic lymphocytic leukemia has a slower onset and progression.

Symptoms of lymphoid leukemia may include fatigue, frequent infections, easy bruising or bleeding, weight loss, swollen lymph nodes, and bone pain. Treatment options depend on the type, stage, and individual patient factors but often involve chemotherapy, radiation therapy, targeted therapy, immunotherapy, or stem cell transplantation.

Leukemic infiltration is the abnormal spread and accumulation of malignant white blood cells (leukemia cells) in various tissues and organs outside the bone marrow. The bone marrow is the spongy tissue inside bones where blood cells are normally produced. In leukemia, the bone marrow produces large numbers of abnormal white blood cells that do not function properly. These abnormal cells can sometimes spill into the bloodstream and infiltrate other organs, such as the lymph nodes, spleen, liver, and central nervous system (brain and spinal cord). Leukemic infiltration can cause damage to these organs and lead to various symptoms. The pattern of organ involvement and the severity of infiltration depend on the type and stage of leukemia.

Cutis laxa is a group of rare connective tissue disorders characterized by loose, sagging, and inelastic skin. The term "cutis laxa" comes from Latin, meaning "loose skin." This condition can affect both the skin and the internal organs. Inherited forms of cutis laxa are caused by mutations in various genes involved in the structure and function of connective tissue, while acquired forms can be associated with autoimmune disorders, cancer, or certain medications.

The main features of cutis laxa include:

1. Sagging, redundant skin: The skin appears loose and wrinkled, especially on the face, neck, hands, and feet. This is due to a deficiency in elastic fibers, which provide flexibility and resilience to the skin.
2. Premature aging appearance: The sagging skin can give an individual a prematurely aged appearance, with deep wrinkles and folds around the eyes, mouth, and neck.
3. Pulmonary involvement: Recurrent respiratory infections, bronchiectasis (permanent enlargement of the airways), and emphysema can occur due to weakened lung tissue.
4. Gastrointestinal issues: Weakened intestinal walls may lead to hernias, bowel obstructions, or malabsorption.
5. Cardiovascular problems: The aorta and other major blood vessels may become weakened and dilated, leading to an increased risk of aneurysms and dissections (tears in the vessel wall).
6. Ophthalmic complications: Eye abnormalities such as blue sclerae (transparent blue appearance of the whites of the eyes) and strabismus (crossed eyes) can occur.
7. Skeletal abnormalities: Individuals with cutis laxa may have joint hypermobility, scoliosis (curvature of the spine), or hip dislocations.
8. Neurological issues: Rarely, cutis laxa can be associated with developmental delays, intellectual disability, or seizures.

There is no cure for cutis laxa, and treatment focuses on managing symptoms and preventing complications. This may include skin care, physical therapy, medications to control blood pressure, and surgery to repair hernias or aneurysms. Regular follow-up with a multidisciplinary team of healthcare professionals is essential to monitor disease progression and address any emerging issues.

Plasma cell neoplasms are a type of cancer that originates from plasma cells, which are a type of white blood cell found in the bone marrow. These cells are responsible for producing antibodies to help fight off infections. When plasma cells become cancerous and multiply out of control, they can form a tumor called a plasmacytoma.

There are two main types of plasma cell neoplasms: solitary plasmacytoma and multiple myeloma. Solitary plasmacytoma is a localized tumor that typically forms in the bone, while multiple myeloma is a systemic disease that affects multiple bones and can cause a variety of symptoms such as bone pain, fatigue, and anemia.

Plasma cell neoplasms are diagnosed through a combination of tests, including blood tests, imaging studies, and bone marrow biopsy. Treatment options depend on the stage and extent of the disease, but may include radiation therapy, chemotherapy, and stem cell transplantation.

In medical terms, the skin is the largest organ of the human body. It consists of two main layers: the epidermis (outer layer) and dermis (inner layer), as well as accessory structures like hair follicles, sweat glands, and oil glands. The skin plays a crucial role in protecting us from external factors such as bacteria, viruses, and environmental hazards, while also regulating body temperature and enabling the sense of touch.

The epidermis is the outermost layer of the skin, composed mainly of stratified squamous epithelium. It forms a protective barrier that prevents water loss and inhibits the entry of microorganisms. The epidermis contains no blood vessels, and its cells are nourished by diffusion from the underlying dermis. The bottom-most layer of the epidermis, called the stratum basale, is responsible for generating new skin cells that eventually move up to replace dead cells on the surface. This process of cell turnover takes about 28 days in adults.

The most superficial part of the epidermis consists of dead cells called squames, which are constantly shed and replaced. The exact rate at which this happens varies depending on location; for example, it's faster on the palms and soles than elsewhere. Melanocytes, the pigment-producing cells, are also located in the epidermis, specifically within the stratum basale layer.

In summary, the epidermis is a vital part of our integumentary system, providing not only physical protection but also playing a crucial role in immunity and sensory perception through touch receptors called Pacinian corpuscles.

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Kossenko MM, Akleyev AA, Degteva MO, Kozheurov VP, Degtyaryova RC (August 1994). "Analysis of Chronic Radiation Sickness Cases ... In other situations like acute leukemia, Myelodysplastic syndrome, aplastic anemia etc. disease specific therapy is needed. ... an undetermined virus is most common) Alimentary toxic aleukia Copper deficiency Pernicious anemia Medication Hypersplenism ... Leukemia, lymphoma, MDS) or they are being pooled (sequestrated) (spleen)/destroyed (immune) outside bone marrow. The ...
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... moloney murine leukemia virus MeSH B04.820.650.375.525.750 - radiation leukemia virus MeSH B04.820.650.375.525.770 - rauscher ... leukemia virus, feline MeSH B04.820.650.375.510 - leukemia virus, gibbon ape MeSH B04.820.650.375.525 - leukemia virus, murine ... leukemia virus, feline MeSH B04.909.574.807.375.510 - leukemia virus, gibbon ape MeSH B04.909.574.807.375.525 - leukemia virus ... leukemia virus, feline MeSH B04.909.777.731.375.510 - leukemia virus, gibbon ape MeSH B04.909.777.731.375.525 - leukemia virus ...
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... by harboring dormant JMML cells that are not eradicated by radiation therapy or chemotherapy for the active leukemia cells, ... The differential diagnosis list includes infectious diseases like Epstein-Barr virus, cytomegalovirus, human herpesvirus 6, ... Graft versus leukemia: Graft versus leukemia has been shown many times to play a critical role in curing JMML, and it is ... Juvenile myelomonocytic leukemia (JMML) is a rare form of chronic leukemia (cancer of the blood) that affects children, ...
When the DNA sample in the virus is taken from the patient's own healthy cells, the virus does not need to be able to ... The damage inflicted upon the tumor cells, however, makes them more susceptible to the chemo or radiation. This approach has ... in cancer and leukemia. when apoptosis works overly well, it kills too many cells and inflicts grave tissue damage. This is the ... Widely used viruses for gene therapy include retrovirus, adenovirus (Ads), lentivirus and Aden-associated viruses (AAVs). Non- ...
While working in a laboratory at UP studying samples of chronic myeloid leukemia, he happened to wash his slides with tap water ... He spent two years in the US Navy studying radiation and bone marrow transplantation and then returned to UPenn where he joined ... Until then, most scientists believed viruses to be the cause of cancer. This new avenue of research fueled decades of ... At present, drugs have been developed that hold chronic myeloid leukemia in remission for years. Nowell received his B.A. from ...
"Integrated human T-cell leukemia virus II genome in CD8 + T cells from a patient with "atypical" hairy cell leukemia: evidence ... Exposure to tobacco smoke, ionizing radiation, or industrial chemicals (with the possible exception of diesel) does not appear ... In 2013 the Hairy Cell Leukemia Foundation was created when the Hairy Cell Leukemia Consortium and the Hairy Cell Leukemia ... It is usually classified as a subtype of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). Hairy cell leukemia makes up about 2% of all ...
There is some evidence of a relationship with human T-lymphotropic virus (HTLV) with the adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma subtype ... Electron therapy Conventional radiation therapy Photopheresis Interferons Alemtuzumab (Campath-1H) Methotrexate Pentostatin and ...
1983: Mitsuaki Yoshida identified the molecular structure of human T-lymphotropic virus 1 responsible for adult T-cell leukemia ... Radiation Oncology, Diagnostic Radiology, Endoscopy, Comprehensive Medical Oncology, Clinical Genetic Oncology, and Cancer ...
Galactosemia An individual with T cell lymphotropic virus type 1 and 2 will have excessive amounts of T-cell leukemia and HTLV- ... or mothers undergoing chemotherapy or radiation treatment. Breastfeeding contraindication are situations where the mother has ... If a mother contains this virus and is not aware of it the spread to her infant can be at an all time high of 25%. There is ... Examples include galactosemia, untreated HIV, untreated active tuberculosis, Human T-lymphotropic virus 1 or II, uses illicit ...
Viruses that inhibit IFN signaling include Japanese Encephalitis Virus (JEV), dengue type 2 virus (DEN-2), and viruses of the ... such as in leukemia and lymphomas including hairy cell leukemia, chronic myeloid leukemia, nodular lymphoma, and cutaneous T- ... Interferon therapy is used (in combination with chemotherapy and radiation) as a treatment for some cancers. This treatment can ... Some viruses escape the anti-viral activities of interferons by gene (and thus protein) mutation. The H5N1 influenza virus, ...
T-cell prolymphocytic leukemia T-cell large granular lymphocyte leukemia Aggressive NK cell leukemia Adult T-cell leukemia/ ... Risk factors for Hodgkin lymphoma include infection with Epstein-Barr virus and a history of the disease in the family. Risk ... Martin NE, Ng AK (November 2009). "Good things come in small packages: low-dose radiation as palliation for indolent non- ... "Understanding Clinical Trials for Blood Cancers" (PDF). The Leukemia & Lymphoma Society. Leukemia and Lymphoma Society. ...
James Ewing, who was an ardent supporter of radiation therapy for cancer. This rivalry and opposition to Dr. Coley leads to the ... Oncolytic viruses began human clinical trials 1951 - Dr. Jane C. Wright demonstrated the use of the antifolate, methotrexate in ... Donnall Thomas in order to treat leukemia in one of two identical twins, the healthy twin being the donor 1957 - Introduction ... Ewing's preferred radiation therapy 1939 - American Dr. Charles Huggins uses synthetic hormone therapy to treat prostate cancer ...
... disease Ebola Endocarditis Influenza A virus subtype H1N1 Hantavirus Infectious mononucleosis Marburg virus Neisseria ... Radiation Fat embolism syndrome Babesiosis Bolivian hemorrhagic fever Boutonneuse fever Chikungunya Cerebral malaria Congenital ... scurvy Vitamin K deficiency Leukemia Thrombocytopenia - Low platelet counts or diminished platelet function (e.g., as a side ...
Cats - Retinal dysplasia occurs in utero or in newborns infected with feline leukemia virus or feline panleukopenia, which ... Other causes of retinal dysplasia in dogs include infection with canine adenovirus or canine herpesvirus, or radiation of the ...
"CDC - Bloodborne Infectious Diseases - HIV/AIDS, Hepatitis B Virus, and Hepatitis C Virus - NIOSH Workplace Safety and Health ... Exposure to benzene has been linked to leukemia. Biological agents, which create biological hazards, include bacteria, fungi, ... Physical hazards include ergonomic hazards, radiation, heat and cold stress, vibration hazards, and noise hazards. Heat and ... "CDC - West Nile Virus - NIOSH Workplace Safety and Health Topic". www.cdc.gov. Retrieved 2015-09-03. "CDC - Valley Fever ( ...
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Patients with leukemia in remission whose chemotherapy has been terminated for ,3 months can receive live-virus vaccines. ... Except for influenza vaccine, which should be administered annually (88), vaccination during chemotherapy or radiation therapy ... MMR vaccine viruses are not transmitted to contacts, and transmission of varicella vaccine virus is rare (6,138). MMR and ... Although rubella vaccine virus might be excreted in human milk, the virus usually does not infect the infant. If infection does ...
Many factors, such viruses, hereditary factors, and radiation, might have a relationship with BAL. BAL is hard to treat. ... Leukemia". European Group for the Immunological Characterization of Leukemias (EGIL) Leukemia. 9: 1783-1786. Gao, Chen; Amy M. ... the acute leukemia could be acute myeloid leukemia (AML) or acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). According to the original EGIL ... Exposure to radiation, chemical exposure, virus and genetics are the primary reasons proposed by researchers. The mechanism of ...
Leukemia cutis is the infiltration of neoplastic leukocytes or their precursors into the epidermis, the dermis, or the subcutis ... Ionizing radiation exposure may increase the risk of leukemia as well, particularly AML, CML, and ALL. Alkylating agents used ... such as the association of acute T-cell leukemia-lymphoma (ATL) with human T-lymphotropic virus type I (HTLV-1). Similarly, ... acute lymphocytic leukemia, chronic myeloid leukemia, chronic lymphoid leukemia, hairy cell leukemia, prolymphocytic leukemia, ...
Patients with leukemia in remission whose chemotherapy has been terminated for 3 months may receive live-virus vaccines.. The ... radiation, or large amounts of corticosteroids. Severe complications have followed vaccination with live, attenuated virus ... Live viruses of all 3 serotypes Oral Rabies Inactivated virus Intramuscular or intradermal ** Rubella Live virus Subcutaneous ... Inactivated virus or viral Intramuscular components Japanese encephalitis Inactivated virus Subcutaneous Measles Live virus ...
Artificial ionizing radiation. Chemicals (eg benzene and other petrochemicals). Viruses, e.g. HIV (Human Immunodeficiency ... Tag Archives: leukemia Leukemia and oral health What is leukemia?. Leukemia is a malignant cancer of the blood in which one’s ... This entry was posted in Oral Care and tagged acute leukemia, bleeding gums, chronic leukemia, leukemia, oral hygiene on April ... What is leukemia?. Leukemia is a type of blood cancer whereby there is an abnormal increase of immature/ primitive white blood ...
Before the transplant, chemotherapy, radiation, or both may be given. This may be done in two ways:. *Ablative (myeloablative) ... Certain cancers, such as leukemia, lymphoma, myelodysplasia, or multiple myeloma.. *A disease that affects the production of ... similar to when white cells attack bacteria or viruses when fighting an infection. ... Stem cells are removed from you before you receive high-dose chemotherapy or radiation treatment. The stem cells are stored in ...
... ionizing radiation, or viruses. The authors conclude that the NOMS system is a valuable addition to the data sources available ... Leukemia mortality was significantly elevated in black females employed as private household cooks, PCMR 234. Leukemia ... An analysis of leukemia mortality found significant excesses among white women employed as pharmacists, teachers, librarians, ...
Stem cell transplants are typically used for patients with leukemia or specific cancers. They require extensive radiation and ... Treatment with anti-virals can suppress the virus in a persons blood, but does not eradicate it in these reservoirs. This is ... People with a specific mutation (called Δ32) on the CCR5 gene develop defective receptors, so the HIV virus cant enter the ... Some viruses enter by other receptors, so focusing only on CCR5 receptors may not work long-term. ...
... after battling a recurrence of leukemia. He was 54. ... Scientists searched for residual virus in his blood, gut tissue ... He underwent intensive chemotherapy and radiation - nearly dying in the process - and the donor stem cells rebuilt a new immune ... Brown was living in Berlin and had well-controlled HIV when he was diagnosed with leukemia, which would ultimately require two ... Timothy Ray Brown, first man cured of HIV, dies of leukemia. *by Liz Highleyman, BAR Contributor ...
IMPORTANT INFORMATION ABOUT POLIOMYELITIS AND BOTH LIVE-VIRUS AND INACTIVATED-VIRUS VACCINES ... or radiation. If protection is indicated, IPV should be used for immunizing household contacts of such patients. The OPV should ... leukemia, lymphoma, or generalized malignancy or immunosuppressed as a result of therapy with corticosteroids, alkylating drugs ... virus may be shed after receipt of OPV vaccine and inadvertently expose susceptible immunocompromised contacts to live virus. ...
... like radiation from nuclear technologies, electromagnetic radiation is invisible. And indeed, upon hearing of links between ... leukemia, nervous system disorders, immune deficiency, heart arrhythmias and coronaries, insomnia, anxiety, depression, memory ... studies have demonstrated links between exposure and deterioration of the blood-brain barrier that blocks viruses and bacteria ... The radiation in a microwave oven is the same as what comes off a cell tower or an iPhone. The only difference: the industry ...
2. Rx underlying cause - anemia, virus, leukemia, nutritional deficiency, radiation*3. Steroids to increase production, folate ... radiation source comes into direct & continuous contact. XRT source is within patient** Provides high dose of radiation in ... What are 2 types of leukemia? *1. ALL: acute lymphcytic leukemia*2. Meylogenous (nonlympholytic) - poor prognosis. CHRONIC ... Could be d/t chemo & radiation (decrease bone marrows), genetic, radiation & environment, immunosuppressive therapy*Goal is to ...
... a form of slow-motion leukemia triggered by proximity to a nuclear blast or high levels of nuclear radiation that was first ... virus. sick. sicker. doctor (again). terrible trouble. not good. not the greatest. sick. syndrome. waste, waste, waste. finis. ... Donalds doctor has come down with "a virus or something. He said he was just too sick." Michael and Donald chat on and off for ... Quoted in Miller, Robert W. "Delayed Radiation Effects in Atomic-Bomb Survivors." Science, 31 October 1969: Vol. 166. no. 3905 ...
More often, aplastic anemia is caused by a virus infection or exposure to certain toxic chemicals, radiation, or medications, ... Some childhood cancers can cause anemia of this type, such as with certain types of leukemia in which abnormal cells crowd out ...
Human T-cell leukemia/lymphoma virus infection. *Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection, the virus that causes mononucleosis ... Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection: EBV is the virus that causes mononucleosis ("mono"). Having had this virus may slightly ... Radiation exposure. *Chemical exposure to herbicides and benzene. *Organ transplantation. *H. pylori stomach infection ...
In addition, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and human T-cell leukemia/lymphoma virus-I (HTLV-I) are associated with ... Patients treated with both chemotherapy and radiation treatment are more likely to develop secondary leukemias or non-Hodgkins ... Patients treated with radiation therapy for some other cancers have a slight risk of developing non-Hodgkins lymphoma later in ... Only four cancer (kidney, melanoma, leukemia, and cervical cancer) patients reported a residential address at Pease Air Force ...
Radiation. * Viruses. * Petrochemicals. Leukemia can be healed through the following treatments.. * Surgery. ... Leukemia:. When there is a problem with red blood cell production, it results in Leukemia. Normally, it affects people above ...
Microwave News is a report on Non-Ionizing Radiation. ... ionizing radiation, EMFs, chemicals and viruses. Those signing ... will give the opening address at the International Scientific Conference on Childhood Leukemia. The meeting, to be held in ... Radiation, Mobile Phones, Base Stations and Your Health reassures that there are no established nonthermal effects resulting ... NIH-ES-04-06) for large-scale animal studies to evaluate the possible toxic and carcinogenic effects of cell phone radiation. ...
A London man appears to be free of the AIDS virus after a stem cell transplant, the second success including the Berlin ... Usually, HIV patients expect to stay on daily pills for life to suppress the virus. When drugs are stopped, the virus roars ... Stem cell transplants typically are harsh procedures which start with radiation or chemotherapy to damage the bodys existing ... Brown had to have a second stem cell transplant when his leukemia returned. ...
... - Descargar como PDF o ver en línea de forma gratuita ... viruses, radiation and immunologic deficiency are associated with development of leukemia  Radiations near nuclear reactor ... Leukemia.pptx. *1. . LEUKEMIA *2. . INTRODUCTION:  Leukemia describes a group of malignant disorders in which uncontrolled ... CLASSIFICATION: 1. Acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) 2. Acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL) 3. Chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) 4 ...
In addition, some of the agents known to produce similar-chromosome aberrations, such as radiation and various viruses, are ... Case reports of leukemia and malignant tumors in the population of LSD users have been exceedingly rare. In the three existing ... The possibility of inducing structural changes in the chromosomes by exogenous agents such as radiation, viruses, and a variety ... The complexity of this problem can be illustrated by the case of viruses. A variety of virus diseases (such as herpes simplex ...
Leukemia, Lymphoma, Multiple Myeloma, Myeloma, Oncology, Research, SARS, SARS-CoV-2, Virus ... Anti-cancer therapies include chemotherapy, immunotherapy and radiation.. Anthony Rooney, M.D., is a fellow in the Department ... such as leukemia, lymphoma and multiple myeloma, are 1.6 times more likely than other cancer patients to have breakthrough ... infections of SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19.. Additionally, researchers found that patients who were receiving ...
Human T-lymphotropic virus-1 (HTLV-1) is linked with certain types of lymphocytic leukemia and non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL). ... Radiation. Ultraviolet radiation, UVA and UVB, is emitted by tanning beds, sun lamps and the sun itself. Extensive evidence has ... Hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) are linked to chronic liver infections, which can raise the risk of liver ... Human herpes virus Type 8 (HHV-8), also called Kaposi sarcoma herpes virus (or KSHV), is linked with a type of cancer called ...
... leukemia, lymphoma, other cancers, radiation). Before using this medication, tell your doctor or pharmacist your medical ... After receiving the vaccine, you may shed influenza virus through the nose for up to 3 weeks. Tell laboratory personnel that ... Nasal/oral specimens will test positive for influenza virus during this time. Also avoid close contact (e.g., same household) ... This medication is a vaccine against influenza virus. It is recommended for healthy children and adolescents, 5-17 years of age ...
But because the viruses that cause monkeypox and smallpox are similar, antiviral drugs developed to protect against smallpox ... Severe immunocompromise due to leukemia, lymphoma, generalized malignancy, solid organ transplantation, therapy with alkylating ... agents, antimetabolites, radiation, tumor necrosis factor inhibitors, or high-dose corticosteroids, being a recipient of a ... For the purposes of public health surveillance, CDC encourages clinicians to submit specimens for further monkeypox virus ...
Leukemia is cancer of the blood cells. It forms in tissue such as bone marrow and causes blood cells to be produced and enter ... Human T-Cell Leukemia Virus Type I (HTLV-1) - People with HTLV-I infection are at increased risk of a rare type of leukemia ... Radiation - People exposed to high levels of radiation are more likely to develop a form of acute leukemia. Exposure to ... Leukemia Types. The types of leukemia are grouped based on how quickly the disease develops. Leukemia is either chronic or ...
Intense Radiation. *Exposure to Certain Chemicals. *Viruses like the Human T-Cell Leukemia Virus ... Ques: Is it possible to cure leukemia if found early?. A: Leukemia is a blood-forming tissue cancer that affects the bone ... Ques: What are the four different types of leukemia?. A: Leukemia is classified into four categories based on whether it is ... Ques: Does acute myeloid leukemia usually result in death?. A: Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is cancer that can kill people, ...
Learn about Leukemia, Radiation-Induced at online-medical-dictionary.org ... Leukemia, Radiation Induced. Leukemias, Radiation-Induced. Radiation Induced Leukemia. Radiation-Induced Leukemia. Radiation- ...
  • For many cancers, the donor's white blood cells may attack any remaining cancer cells, which are seen as foreign, similar to when white cells attack bacteria or viruses when fighting an infection. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Stem cell transplants are typically used for patients with leukemia or specific cancers. (forbes.com)
  • Some childhood cancers can cause anemia of this type, such as with certain types of leukemia in which abnormal cells crowd out the bone marrow cells needed to produce blood cells. (naset.org)
  • Researchers of the study, published in the Journal of Hematology & Oncology, discovered that patients with blood-related cancers, such as leukemia, lymphoma and multiple myeloma, are 1.6 times more likely than other cancer patients to have breakthrough infections of SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19. (news-medical.net)
  • The term leukemia actually describes a group of cancers involving an excess of white blood cells. (bestcancerhospitalindia.com)
  • It is reportedly used in folk medicine for Hodgkin's disease, leukemia and cancers of the pancreas, esophagus, 'head,' intestines, lung and prostate. (alive.com)
  • Compared to other cancers, leukemias are rare. (primomedico.com)
  • There are three primary types of blood cancers: leukemia, lymphoma, and myeloma. (pottageofhealth.com)
  • Lymphoma is the most common cat cancer, with roughly 90% of cat cancers being either lymphoma or leukemia. (mymoggy.com)
  • See Chronic Leukemias: 4 Cancers to Differentiate , a Critical Images slideshow, for images and information on CLL identification and treatment. (medscape.com)
  • Leukemias are cancers of white blood cells or of cells that develop into white blood cells. (msdmanuals.com)
  • In this cohort, elevated rates of overall and site-specific cancers were observed, including digestive, oral, respiratory, and urinary cancers as well as leukemia (Daniels et al. (cdc.gov)
  • Exposure to radiation, chemical exposure, virus and genetics are the primary reasons proposed by researchers. (wikipedia.org)
  • Advancing age, exposure to radiation, chemotherapy, and certain viral infections may promote leukemogenesis in some cases. (medscape.com)
  • It was noted that while some associations may be due to chance, others such as clinical laboratory technicians may represent biologically plausible associations since these may involve exposure to known leukemogens such as benzene (71432), ionizing radiation, or viruses. (cdc.gov)
  • More often, aplastic anemia is caused by a virus infection or exposure to certain toxic chemicals, radiation, or medications, such as antibiotics, antiseizure medications, or cancer medications. (naset.org)
  • Radiation, Mobile Phones, Base Stations and Your Health reassures that there are no established nonthermal effects resulting from exposure to RF radiation and warns that science can never "prove that something is absolutely safe and harmless. (microwavenews.com)
  • In the in vitro studies, the blood samples were drawn from normal, healthy persons with no history of prior drug injection, radiation exposure, or recent viral infection. (druglibrary.net)
  • Leukemia produced by exposure to IONIZING RADIATION or NON-IONIZING RADIATION . (online-medical-dictionary.org)
  • Epidemiological studies carried out in the US and the UK don't show a link between EMF exposure and childhood leukemia. (microwavenews.com)
  • [2] [9] Exposure to Agent Orange , certain insecticides , sun exposure , exposure to hepatitis C virus , and common infections are also considered risk factors. (wikipedia.org)
  • Exposure to very high levels of radiation increases acute leukemia risk. (bestcancerhospitalindia.com)
  • Exposure to the chemical benzene at work over a long period of time increases your risk of developing acute leukemia. (bestcancerhospitalindia.com)
  • Radiation Therapy to kill cancer cells by exposure to high-energy radiation. (bestcancerhospitalindia.com)
  • Exposure to radiation, to some types of chemotherapy, or to certain chemicals (such as benzene, some pesticides, and chemicals in tobacco smoke) increases the risk of developing some types of leukemia, although leukemia develops only in a very small number of exposed people. (msdmanuals.com)
  • In one of the largest cohorts of former flight attendants, an association was observed between higher cosmic radiation exposure, greater number of times zones crossed, and incidence of breast cancer in a sub-group of women (Pinkerton et al. (cdc.gov)
  • People who are exposed to high levels of radiation and the chemical benzene are more likely to get certain types of leukemia, as are smokers, people who have had chemotherapy and people with certain inherited diseases and blood disorders. (cancersupportcommunity.org)
  • In many cases, the causes are strong radiation (e.g. radiation therapy), carcinogenic substances (e.g. benzene), viruses, and certain gene alterations. (primomedico.com)
  • The leukemia therapy of chronic leukemias uses less aggressive chemotherapeutic agents and outpatient treatment with tablets is often sufficient. (primomedico.com)
  • Chronic leukemias progress slowly and consist of more mature cells. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Cell surface antigens of murine leukemias induced by radiation leukemia virus. (silverchair.com)
  • A novel gammaretrovirus named xenotropic murine leukemia virus-related virus (XMRV) has been recently identified and found to have a prevalence of 40% in prostate tumor samples from American patients carrying a homozygous R462Q mutation in the RNaseL gene. (biomedcentral.com)
  • RNA in mammalian sarcoma virus transformed nonproducer cells homologous to murine leukemia virus RNA. (wikidata.org)
  • Biphenotypic acute leukaemia (BAL) is an uncommon type of leukemia which arises in multipotent progenitor cells which have the ability to differentiate into both myeloid and lymphoid lineages. (wikipedia.org)
  • Leukemia cutis has been described in patients with myeloid and lymphoid types of leukemias. (medscape.com)
  • Persistent fever, infection prolonged healing: Most of the white blood cells are leukemia cells, no normal function, leading to decreased immunity, susceptible to infection. (wikipedia.org)
  • It is primarily used for replacement therapy in primary antibody-deficiency disorders, for the treatment of Kawasaki disease, immune thrombocytopenic purpura, hypogammaglobulinemia in chronic lymphocytic leukemia, and some cases of HIV infection. (cdc.gov)
  • White blood cells function by producing antibodies to fight off infection from our body. Leukemia patients are more prone to infections as their abnormal white blood cells cannot produce antibodies. (intelligentdental.com)
  • Until now, Brown is the only person thought to have been cured of infection with HIV, the virus that causes AIDS. (globalnews.ca)
  • In retroviral infection, a virus infects a new host through receptor proteins on cells at the infection site, much like a key fits into a lock. (fredhutch.org)
  • Now, scientists studying FeLV have identified another factor in the infection process: a secondary retroviral receptor (or cofactor) that is crucial for the mutated, or T-cell adapted, virus to do its work. (fredhutch.org)
  • Risk factors for Hodgkin lymphoma include infection with Epstein-Barr virus and a history of the disease in the family. (geni.com)
  • Risk factors for common types of non-Hodgkin lymphomas include autoimmune diseases, HIV/AIDS, infection with human T-lymphotropic virus, eating a large amount of meat and fat, immunosuppressant medications, and some pesticides.Diagnosis, if enlarged lymph nodes are present, is usually by lymph node biopsy. (geni.com)
  • Learn more about the types of leukemia. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • BAL has similar symptoms to other types of leukemia, but they are usually more serious. (wikipedia.org)
  • The hybrid gene product ABL/BCR is an oncogene which could lead several types of leukemia including BAL. (wikipedia.org)
  • All types of leukemia result from the abnormal development of leukocytes in the bone marrow. (medscape.com)
  • The types of leukemia are grouped based on how quickly the disease develops. (cancersupportcommunity.org)
  • The cause of most types of leukemia is not known. (msdmanuals.com)
  • [ 1 , 2 , 3 ] Owing to the variety of hematologic malignancies or proliferative disorders that may be associated with leukemia cutis, terms such as myeloid or lymphoid leukemia cutis have been used to further classify the leukemic cells. (medscape.com)
  • Cutaneous infiltration by neoplastic lymphocytes may be seen in acute myeloid leukemia , acute lymphocytic leukemia , chronic myeloid leukemia , chronic lymphoid leukemia , hairy cell leukemia, prolymphocytic leukemia, chronic myelomonocytic leukemia, and myelodysplastic syndromes . (medscape.com)
  • Acute lymphocyte leukemia is malignant disorder arising from a single lymphoid stem cell, with impaired maturation and accumulation of the malignant cells in the bone marrow. (slideshare.net)
  • Leukemia can be classified as either lymphoid or myeloid, denoting the type of white blood cells affected. (bestcancerhospitalindia.com)
  • Acute Lymphoblastic (lymphoid) Leukemia (ALL) accounts for more than 80% of cases of and one of the few forms of cancer that is more common in children than adults. (bestcancerhospitalindia.com)
  • Lymphomas and leukemias are a part of the broader group of tumors of the hematopoietic and lymphoid tissues. (geni.com)
  • MANAGEMENT Treatment of leukemia involves the use of chemotherapeutic agents, with or without any of these four phases: 1. (slideshare.net)
  • Stem Cell Transplantation (SCT) to enable treatment with high doses of chemotherapy and radiation therapy surgery to remove an enlarged spleen or to install a venous access device (large plastic tube) to give medications and withdraw blood samples. (bestcancerhospitalindia.com)
  • In addition, several treatment options are available, including chemotherapy and radiation therapy, which can effectively treat this type of cancer. (mymoggy.com)
  • Reduced intensity treatment, also called a mini transplant -- Lower doses of chemotherapy and radiation are given before a transplant. (medlineplus.gov)
  • If the score of only one lineage is higher than 2, the acute leukemia could be acute myeloid leukemia (AML) or acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). (wikipedia.org)
  • Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is the most common childhood cancer. (aboutkidshealth.ca)
  • What is acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL)? (aboutkidshealth.ca)
  • Lymphocytic (lymphoblastic) leukemias develop from cancerous changes in lymphocytes or in cells that normally produce lymphocytes. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Leukemia is a type of cancer that affects blood-forming cells. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • Leukemia is a malignant cancer of the blood in which one’s bone marrow produces white blood cells in excess in association with gene mutations. (intelligentdental.com)
  • Leukemia is a type of blood cancer whereby there is an abnormal increase of immature/ primitive white blood cells. (intelligentdental.com)
  • Ablative (myeloablative) treatment -- High-dose chemotherapy, radiation, or both are given to kill any cancer cells. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Bone marrow transplants are too risky to use as a routine cure approach for HIV-positive people who don't need them to treat life-threatening cancer, but Mr. Brown's case inspired researchers to find other ways to make immune cells resistant to HIV or enable the immune system to control the virus. (ebar.com)
  • Only four cancer (kidney, melanoma, leukemia, and cervical cancer) patients reported a residential address at Pease Air Force Base between 1987 and 1991. (cdc.gov)
  • Anti-cancer therapies include chemotherapy, immunotherapy and radiation. (news-medical.net)
  • Leukemia is cancer of the blood cells. (cancersupportcommunity.org)
  • Nearly 1.24 million people are diagnosed with leukemia globally, and account for nearly 6% of total cancer cases. (yashfiin.com)
  • Leukemia is a cancer of blood-forming tissues, including bone marrow and the lymphatic system. (yashfiin.com)
  • Intrathecal chemotherapy can be used to treat cancer found in the cerebral spinal fluid or to prevent leukemia from spreading there. (yashfiin.com)
  • Mesothelioma patients in the United Kingdom commonly receive radiation to prevent the cancer from spreading after open chest surgical procedures, even though the benefit of this practice has not yet been confirmed. (survivingmesothelioma.com)
  • Many doctors would like to have a more comprehensive clinical study performed on the use of preventive radiation, according to a review published in the July issue of the journal, Lung Cancer. (survivingmesothelioma.com)
  • To prevent this cancer spread, it has become common practice in the United Kingdom to administer radiation at the site of intervention-called prophylactic irradiation of tracts (PIT)-even though only small trials have been done to confirm the benefits. (survivingmesothelioma.com)
  • Our physicians here at Staten Island Radiation Oncology have spent over 50 years in the field of cancer treatment . (statenislandsradiation.com)
  • In the US, the National Cancer Institute (NCI), the National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS), the National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements (NCRP) and the American Cancer Society have all refused to alert the public about EMFs. (microwavenews.com)
  • Chronic lymphocytic leukemia ( CLL ) is a type of cancer in which the bone marrow makes too many lymphocytes (a type of white blood cell ). (wikipedia.org)
  • Leukemia is cancer that starts in the tissue that forms blood. (bestcancerhospitalindia.com)
  • Chemotherapy - to kill leukemia cells using strong anti-cancer drugs. (bestcancerhospitalindia.com)
  • Via direct actions on cancer cells and indirect actions on the tumor microenvironment, radiation has the potential to enhance epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, invasion, migration, angiogenesis and metastasis. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Abstract Human T-cell lymphoma virus (HTLV)-associated adult T-cell leukemia lymphoma is a rare cancer in the United States, but there are several areas around the world where the virus is endemic. (sagepub.com)
  • Leukemia is also commonly known as blood cancer. (primomedico.com)
  • It is therefore important to start leukemia therapy early on with a hematologist-oncologist (specialist in blood disorders and cancer). (primomedico.com)
  • The goal of leukemia therapy is the destruction of all cancer cells and relief from the dangerous symptoms. (primomedico.com)
  • The enormous dose of radiation and chemotherapy, in addition to acute damage such as hair loss or intestinal problems, can also be the trigger for a second leukemia or other types of cancer after years. (primomedico.com)
  • There are different types of blood cancer, but the most common types are: leukemia, lymphoma and myeloma. (pottageofhealth.com)
  • Leukemia is a type of cancer that affects the white blood cells, which your body produces to fight disease. (pottageofhealth.com)
  • The possibility of inducing structural changes in the chromosomes by exogenous agents such as radiation, viruses, and a variety of chemicals, has been a subject of great scientific interest for a long time. (druglibrary.net)
  • a) Vaccine: A suspension of live (usually attenuated) or inactivated microorganisms (e.g., bacteria, viruses, or rickettsiae) or fractions thereof administered to induce immunity and prevent infectious disease or its sequelae. (cdc.gov)
  • Whether a person experiences other symptoms can depend on the type of leukemia they have and the speed of its growth. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • One of the most important is the type of leukemia a person has. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • However, this type of leukemia is rare . (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • If the patient has leukemia, the morphology and immunophenotype check is needed to make sure the type of leukemia. (wikipedia.org)
  • Your doctor determines your leukemia treatment options based on your age and overall health, the type of leukemia you have, and whether it has spread to other parts of your body, including the central nervous system. (bestcancerhospitalindia.com)
  • Depending on the type of leukemia, additional radiotherapy, stem cell transplantation, or special targeted drugs follow. (primomedico.com)
  • This leads to different prognoses depending on the type of leukemia, the age, and state of health of the patient. (primomedico.com)
  • There is no conceivable mechanism by which EMFs can influence the development of leukemia. (microwavenews.com)
  • Before 2008, the diagnosis of BAL was based on a score system proposed by the European Group for the Immunological Classification of Leukemias (EGIL) which could differentiate from other kinds of acute leukemia. (wikipedia.org)
  • By looking at a sample of your blood, your doctor can determine if you have abnormal levels of red or white blood cells or platelets - which may suggest leukemia. (bestcancerhospitalindia.com)
  • Children with congenital leukemia are also prone to developing leukemia cutis, with up to 30% experiencing this symptom. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • However, congenital leukemia is extremely rare, accounting for only 1% of childhood leukemias. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • Genetic alterations predisposing to leukemia may be congenital or acquired. (medscape.com)
  • Leukemia cutis is the infiltration of neoplastic leukocytes or their precursors into the epidermis, the dermis, or the subcutis, resulting in clinically identifiable cutaneous lesions. (medscape.com)
  • Recognition of individually distinct cell surface antigens by cytotoxic T cells on leukemias expressing crossreactive transplantation antigens. (silverchair.com)
  • The etiology is generally not known with some notable exceptions such as those associated with infestations with the parasite Spirocerca lupi , those induced by the feline sarcoma virus and those thought to be associated with feline vaccinations (Vaccine Associated Sarcomas, VAS). (vin.com)
  • The paper sheds new light on how the feline leukemia virus, or FeLV, infiltrates cells. (fredhutch.org)
  • Bengal cats are particularly vulnerable to lymphoma as they possess high levels of feline leukemia virus (FeLV), which increases their risk of developing the disease. (mymoggy.com)
  • A bone marrow transplant replaces bone marrow that is either not working properly or has been destroyed (ablated) by chemotherapy or radiation. (medlineplus.gov)
  • In 2006, Mr. Brown was living in Berlin and had well-controlled HIV when he was diagnosed with leukemia, which would ultimately require two bone marrow transplants. (ebar.com)
  • WATCH: An HIV-positive man in Britain has become the second known adult to be cleared of the AIDS virus after he received a bone-marrow transplant from an HIV-resistant donor. (globalnews.ca)
  • INTRODUCTION:  Leukemia describes a group of malignant disorders in which uncontrolled proliferation of leucocyte in the bone marrow infiltrate the blood forming tissues of the bone marrow, lymph system, liver and spleen. (slideshare.net)
  • In a person with leukemia, the bone marrow makes abnormal white blood cells. (bestcancerhospitalindia.com)
  • Any areas of fixation including bone and fascia must be excised en bloc with the mass. (vin.com)
  • Leukemia cells are mostly found in the bone marrow, but it can also spread to the liver, lymph nodes, and spleen. (pottageofhealth.com)
  • Leukemia cells ultimately occupy the bone marrow, replacing or suppressing the function of cells that develop into normal blood cells. (msdmanuals.com)
  • DEFINITION: Leukemia is a malignant disease of blood forming organs of the body that results in uncontrolled growth of immature white blood cells. (slideshare.net)
  • Finally, the fifth group comprises papers focusing on the possible link between LSD and the development of malignant changes in cells, especially in the case of leukemia. (druglibrary.net)
  • In the current prospective study, 20 malignant pleural mesothelioma patients underwent radical pleurectomy/decortication followed by high doses of radiation. (survivingmesothelioma.com)
  • They attack the leukemia cells at different points with the aim of completely destroying the malignant cells. (primomedico.com)
  • Most people with leukemia cutis will already have a diagnosis of systemic leukemia, making the cause of the lesions clear. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • Leukemia cutis usually occurs in the setting of a previously diagnosed systemic leukemia or lymphoproliferative disorder/myelodysplastic syndrome. (medscape.com)
  • Leukemia cutis can also be a manifestation of a relapse of previously treated systemic leukemia. (medscape.com)
  • There has long been widespread agreement that EMFs are linked to childhood leukemia. (microwavenews.com)
  • Epidemiological studies linking childhood leukemia to EMFs are flawed and unreliable. (microwavenews.com)
  • Air pollution from roadway traffic is a more important risk factor for childhood leukemia than EMFs. (microwavenews.com)
  • And even if it were true that EMFs could lead to childhood leukemia, the risk is so small that it's not worth bothering about. (microwavenews.com)
  • There were lectures on ionizing radiation, viruses, air pollution, light-at-night and EMFs. (microwavenews.com)
  • The epidemiological evidence linking EMFs to childhood leukemia is "rather strong and consistent," said Anders Ahlbom in London. (microwavenews.com)
  • He has been studying EMFs and childhood leukemia for 20 years and is known to be cautious and not to overreach. (microwavenews.com)
  • Staten Island Radiation Oncology manages brain tumors with state of the art radiation therapy techniques. (statenislandsradiation.com)
  • The three major treatment modalities for brain tumors are surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy. (statenislandsradiation.com)
  • For primary brain tumors, surgery is often performed first, followed by radiation therapy. (statenislandsradiation.com)
  • In primary brain tumors, radiation therapy is utilized to control disease left over after surgery, or to treat definitively in patients who cannot have an operation. (statenislandsradiation.com)
  • Staten Island Radiation Oncologyutilizes both standard 3D, standard IMRT and Rapid Arc IMRT techniques to treat brain tumors. (statenislandsradiation.com)
  • Chemotherapy is often administered with the radiation therapy for primary brain tumors. (statenislandsradiation.com)
  • Intended for intramuscular administration, IG is primarily indicated for routine maintenance of immunity of certain immunodeficient persons and for passive immunization against measles and hepatitis A. IG does not transmit hepatitis B virus, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), or other infectious diseases. (cdc.gov)
  • Accurate diagnosis has tremendous prognostic significance and may establish a diagnosis in cases in which leukemia cutis is the harbinger of a systemic leukemic process. (medscape.com)
  • Leukemia cutis occurs when leukemia cells affect the skin, forming clusters within the layers of tissue. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • The subtype of leukemia is determined by the hematopoietic lineage of neoplastic cells and the stage at which maturational arrest occurs. (medscape.com)
  • Leukemia cutis is defined by migration of leukemic cells to the skin. (medscape.com)
  • Stem cells are removed from you before you receive high-dose chemotherapy or radiation treatment. (medlineplus.gov)
  • After high-dose chemotherapy or radiation treatments, your stems cells are put back in your body to make normal blood cells. (medlineplus.gov)
  • He underwent intensive chemotherapy and radiation - nearly dying in the process - and the donor stem cells rebuilt a new immune system that was resistant to the virus. (ebar.com)
  • 1. INDUCTION THERAPY: Induction aims at eradication of all leukemia blast cells, which permits the return of normal hematopoiesis. (slideshare.net)
  • 3. INTENSIFICATION OR CONSOLIDATION THERAPY: After complete induction is obtained, a period of intensified treatment is administered to eradicate residual leukemic cells, this is followed by delayed intensification to prevent emergence of resistant leukemia clones. (slideshare.net)
  • To make room in the bones for the transplanted cells, you will need chemotherapy or radiation therapy first. (yashfiin.com)
  • Treatment can eliminate all leukemia cells in some patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML). (yashfiin.com)
  • Recent findings reveal that lipid remodelling and increased LD biogenesis play important roles for Zika virus (ZIKV) replication and pathogenesis in neural cells. (bvsalud.org)
  • The abnormal cells are leukemia cells. (bestcancerhospitalindia.com)
  • Unlike normal blood cells, leukemia cells don't die when they should. (bestcancerhospitalindia.com)
  • The sample is sent to a laboratory to look for leukemia cells. (bestcancerhospitalindia.com)
  • Specialized tests of your leukemia cells may reveal certain characteristics that are used to determine your treatment options. (bestcancerhospitalindia.com)
  • In leukemia normal control mechanism starts to produce large number of abnormal white blood cells disrupting production of normal blood cells and affecting vital functions that these blood cells carry out. (bestcancerhospitalindia.com)
  • Interferon Therapy to slow the reproduction of leukemia cells and promote the immune system's anti-leukemia activity. (bestcancerhospitalindia.com)
  • This shutdown occurs when mutated versions of the virus infect and destroy the body's T cells, which are critical to immune function. (fredhutch.org)
  • It allows the leukemia cells to be suppressed and symptom relief for years. (primomedico.com)
  • In CML, targeted therapies are used (tyrosine kinase inhibitors inhibit important processes in the leukemia cells), but chemotherapy and interferon therapies are also used. (primomedico.com)
  • The resulting abnormal chromosomes interfere with normal control of cell division, so that affected cells multiply uncontrollably or are resistant to normal cell death, resulting in leukemia. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Acute leukemias progress rapidly and consist of immature cells. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Myeloid (myelocytic, or myelogenous) leukemias develop from cancerous changes in cells that normally produce neutrophils, basophils, eosinophils, and monocytes. (msdmanuals.com)
  • Because leukemia cutis can vary so much, people may mistake the lesions for other skin conditions, such as psoriasis or eczema . (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • Lesions can appear before or after a leukemia diagnosis, but they usually develop afterward. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • Often, these lesions indicate that the leukemia is at an advanced stage. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • Leukemia cutis lesions can vary in appearance. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • However, in some cases, people develop these lesions before they receive a leukemia diagnosis. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • A patient with typical plum-colored lesions seen in leukemia cutis. (medscape.com)
  • 1. Radiation lesions (x-rays, radium radiation, atomic energy). (poznayka.org)
  • Sir William Stewart, the chairman of the U.K. Health Protection Agency as well as the chairman of the NRPB, will give the opening address at the International Scientific Conference on Childhood Leukemia . (microwavenews.com)
  • This is inexcusable given that the threshold for the childhood leukemia risk appears to be about 3-4 mG. (microwavenews.com)
  • Despite a steady increase in electrification over the last century, there has been no parallel increase in the incidence of childhood leukemia. (microwavenews.com)
  • A virus is a more likely cause of childhood leukemia. (microwavenews.com)
  • This was brought home at the International Conference on Childhood Leukemia , held in London, September 6-10, sponsored by Children with Leukemia , a UK charity. (microwavenews.com)
  • In the early 1990s, Ahlbom and Maria Feychting put the skeptics on the run when they published their study of childhood leukemia and power lines in Sweden. (microwavenews.com)
  • These sources of non-ionizing electromagnetic radiation, or radiofrequency, present a frightening specter. (counterpunch.org)
  • In this case the forgetting is made more likely because, like radiation from nuclear technologies, electromagnetic radiation is invisible. (counterpunch.org)
  • Power lines produce 'low frequency electromagnetic radiation' (EMR), as do electric wiring and electrical equipment. (bestcancerhospitalindia.com)
  • The rearrangement of MLL are related with different kinds of aggressive acute leukemias. (wikipedia.org)
  • Retro Virus: Did AIDS Perform Nensha? (brightlightsfilm.com)
  • A London man appears to be free of the AIDS virus after a stem cell transplant, the second success including the "Berlin patient," doctors reported. (globalnews.ca)
  • Keep in mind that the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is not the only virus believed to cause AIDS. (cancertumors.news)
  • What is leukemia cutis? (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • Leukemia cutis may develop before or after someone receives a leukemia diagnosis. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • However, in 55-77% of cases, leukemia cutis develops after a leukemia diagnosis. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • People with aleukemic cutis go on to develop acute myeloid leukemia (AML) . (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • Various factors can increase a person's chance of developing leukemia cutis. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • Of these, the type most likely to cause leukemia cutis is adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATLL). (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • Leukemia cutis appears in 10-15% of AML cases. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • Specific AML subtypes, such as acute myelomonocytic leukemia, have a much greater risk of leukemia cutis. (medicalnewstoday.com)
  • Many terms have been used to describe varying presentations of leukemia cutis. (medscape.com)
  • Leukemia cutis is a broad term used to describe any cutaneous presentation of leukemia. (medscape.com)
  • In rare cases, leukemia cutis may be the first manifestation of systemic disease. (medscape.com)
  • The dermatologist is often instrumental in the diagnosis of leukemia cutis. (medscape.com)
  • This is known as aleukemic leukemia cutis. (medscape.com)
  • A diagnosis of leukemia cutis in the setting of acute leukemia generally portends a poor prognosis and strongly correlates with additional sites of extramedullary involvement. (medscape.com)
  • While some associations can be made, no definitive phenotype has been demonstrated to consistently lead to leukemia cutis. (medscape.com)
  • In the chronic leukemia variants, especially in CLL, sometimes a wait-and-see approach is possible, as the disease progresses very slowly and the therapy is associated with significant side effects. (primomedico.com)
  • There are both acute (rapidly developing) and chronic (or more slowly developing) versions of leukemia. (pottageofhealth.com)
  • On February 23, the National Toxicology Program released its request for proposals (No. NIH-ES-04-06 ) for large-scale animal studies to evaluate the possible toxic and carcinogenic effects of cell phone radiation. (microwavenews.com)
  • Treatment with anti-virals can suppress the virus in a person's blood, but does not eradicate it in these reservoirs. (forbes.com)
  • Usually, HIV patients expect to stay on daily pills for life to suppress the virus. (globalnews.ca)
  • In metastatic disease, radiation therapy may be used to treat the whole brain. (statenislandsradiation.com)
  • After chemotherapy, radiation therapy is delivered to the breast (and sometimes to draining lymphatics). (statenislandsradiation.com)
  • Hormonal therapy or biological therapy may be offered after chemotherapy or after radiation therapy. (statenislandsradiation.com)
  • Radiation therapy to the chest wall may be offered, depending on the pathology of the breast tissue and the lymph nodes. (statenislandsradiation.com)
  • Sarcomas can also be induced by ionizing radiation and high grade STS are rare, serious, late complications of radiation therapy. (vin.com)
  • They generally have a poor response to systemically administered chemotherapy or radiation therapy for clinically detectable disease. (vin.com)
  • If a FELIX-type activity also can be found in humans, the question is whether one could create a therapy that would disable it and thus disarm the virus,' Overbaugh says. (fredhutch.org)
  • A cure is only possible through leukemia therapy. (primomedico.com)
  • Chemotherapy is the essential basic module for any kind of leukemia therapy. (primomedico.com)
  • Only in case of complaints or bad blood values the leukemia therapy is carried out, in which special antibodies are used in combination with chemotherapy. (primomedico.com)
  • The different forms of leukemia respond differently well to leukemia therapy. (primomedico.com)
  • On the other hand, survival and quality of life can be improved over many years by leukemia therapy. (primomedico.com)
  • Treatment may involve one or more of the following: chemotherapy, radiation therapy, targeted therapy, and surgery. (geni.com)
  • A stem cell transplant is usually done after chemotherapy and radiation is complete. (medlineplus.gov)
  • HTLV-associated adult T-cell leukemia lymphoma has been associated with leukemic arthropathy. (sagepub.com)
  • At the height of the COVID-19 crisis, Mr. Brown underwent chemotherapy and radiation, but the treatment was not effective and the side effects proved intolerable. (ebar.com)
  • In addition, leukemia treatment in India is significantly cheaper as compared to several other developed countries, while providing the same world-class facilities and treatment modules. (yashfiin.com)
  • What is included in the cost of Leukemia Treatment? (yashfiin.com)
  • The authors say that a new, randomized-controlled study enrolling a larger number of patients is needed to confirm whether there actually is a benefit to PIT, before putting patients through a potentially unnecessary radiation treatment. (survivingmesothelioma.com)
  • Treatment for your leukemia depends on many factors. (bestcancerhospitalindia.com)
  • Leukemia treatment plans often are personalized and customised for each individual patient. (bestcancerhospitalindia.com)
  • Are you looking for information about leukemia and specialists for treatment? (primomedico.com)
  • In the case of acute leukemias, it is essential to start treatment immediately. (primomedico.com)
  • Infectious C-type virus isolated from a baboon placenta. (wikidata.org)
  • Nonetheless, pre-clinical evidence indicates that radiation can entail pro-metastatic effects via multiple pathways. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Your doctor will look for physical signs of leukemia, such as pale skin from anemia, swelling of your lymph nodes, and enlargement of your liver and spleen. (bestcancerhospitalindia.com)
  • Similarly, some genetic or chromosomal abnormalities are found in specific leukemia subtypes. (medscape.com)
  • Four groups of leukemia develop: acute myeloid leukemia (AML), acute lymphatic leukemia (ALL), chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) and chronic lymphatic leukemia (CLL). (primomedico.com)
  • The purpose of this study is to evaluate the safety, pharmacokinetics (PK), and efficacy of ASTX660 when given alone and in combination with ASTX727 in participants with relapsed/refractory (R/R) acute myeloid leukemia (AML). (mayo.edu)