Radial Nerve: A major nerve of the upper extremity. In humans the fibers of the radial nerve originate in the lower cervical and upper thoracic spinal cord (usually C5 to T1), travel via the posterior cord of the brachial plexus, and supply motor innervation to extensor muscles of the arm and cutaneous sensory fibers to extensor regions of the arm and hand.Radial Neuropathy: Disease involving the RADIAL NERVE. Clinical features include weakness of elbow extension, elbow flexion, supination of the forearm, wrist and finger extension, and thumb abduction. Sensation may be impaired over regions of the dorsal forearm. Common sites of compression or traumatic injury include the AXILLA and radial groove of the HUMERUS.Humeral FracturesNerve Compression Syndromes: Mechanical compression of nerves or nerve roots from internal or external causes. These may result in a conduction block to nerve impulses (due to MYELIN SHEATH dysfunction) or axonal loss. The nerve and nerve sheath injuries may be caused by ISCHEMIA; INFLAMMATION; or a direct mechanical effect.Radial Artery: The direct continuation of the brachial trunk, originating at the bifurcation of the brachial artery opposite the neck of the radius. Its branches may be divided into three groups corresponding to the three regions in which the vessel is situated, the forearm, wrist, and hand.Embalming: Process of preserving a dead body to protect it from decay.Median Nerve: A major nerve of the upper extremity. In humans, the fibers of the median nerve originate in the lower cervical and upper thoracic spinal cord (usually C6 to T1), travel via the brachial plexus, and supply sensory and motor innervation to parts of the forearm and hand.Ulnar Nerve: A major nerve of the upper extremity. In humans, the fibers of the ulnar nerve originate in the lower cervical and upper thoracic spinal cord (usually C7 to T1), travel via the medial cord of the brachial plexus, and supply sensory and motor innervation to parts of the hand and forearm.Brachial Plexus: The large network of nerve fibers which distributes the innervation of the upper extremity. The brachial plexus extends from the neck into the axilla. In humans, the nerves of the plexus usually originate from the lower cervical and the first thoracic spinal cord segments (C5-C8 and T1), but variations are not uncommon.Median Neuropathy: Disease involving the median nerve, from its origin at the BRACHIAL PLEXUS to its termination in the hand. Clinical features include weakness of wrist and finger flexion, forearm pronation, thenar abduction, and loss of sensation over the lateral palm, first three fingers, and radial half of the ring finger. Common sites of injury include the elbow, where the nerve passes through the two heads of the pronator teres muscle (pronator syndrome) and in the carpal tunnel (CARPAL TUNNEL SYNDROME).Peripheral Nerves: The nerves outside of the brain and spinal cord, including the autonomic, cranial, and spinal nerves. Peripheral nerves contain non-neuronal cells and connective tissue as well as axons. The connective tissue layers include, from the outside to the inside, the epineurium, the perineurium, and the endoneurium.Sciatic Nerve: A nerve which originates in the lumbar and sacral spinal cord (L4 to S3) and supplies motor and sensory innervation to the lower extremity. The sciatic nerve, which is the main continuation of the sacral plexus, is the largest nerve in the body. It has two major branches, the TIBIAL NERVE and the PERONEAL NERVE.Nerve Fibers: Slender processes of NEURONS, including the AXONS and their glial envelopes (MYELIN SHEATH). Nerve fibers conduct nerve impulses to and from the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM.Elbow Joint: A hinge joint connecting the FOREARM to the ARM.Paralysis: A general term most often used to describe severe or complete loss of muscle strength due to motor system disease from the level of the cerebral cortex to the muscle fiber. This term may also occasionally refer to a loss of sensory function. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p45)Cadaver: A dead body, usually a human body.Carpometacarpal Joints: The articulations between the CARPAL BONES and the METACARPAL BONES.Nerve Block: Interruption of NEURAL CONDUCTION in peripheral nerves or nerve trunks by the injection of a local anesthetic agent (e.g., LIDOCAINE; PHENOL; BOTULINUM TOXINS) to manage or treat pain.Optic Nerve: The 2nd cranial nerve which conveys visual information from the RETINA to the brain. The nerve carries the axons of the RETINAL GANGLION CELLS which sort at the OPTIC CHIASM and continue via the OPTIC TRACTS to the brain. The largest projection is to the lateral geniculate nuclei; other targets include the SUPERIOR COLLICULI and the SUPRACHIASMATIC NUCLEI. Though known as the second cranial nerve, it is considered part of the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM.Holothuria: A genus of large SEA CUCUMBERS in the family Holothuriidae possessing thick body walls, a warty body surface, and microscopic ossicles.Wrist: The region of the upper limb between the metacarpus and the FOREARM.Fracture Fixation, Internal: The use of internal devices (metal plates, nails, rods, etc.) to hold the position of a fracture in proper alignment.Pinch Strength: Force exerted when using the index finger and the thumb. It is a test for determining maximum voluntary contraction force.Thumb: The first digit on the radial side of the hand which in humans lies opposite the other four.Neural Conduction: The propagation of the NERVE IMPULSE along the nerve away from the site of an excitation stimulus.Sea Cucumbers: A class of Echinodermata characterized by long, slender bodies.Bone Plates: Implantable fracture fixation devices attached to bone fragments with screws to bridge the fracture gap and shield the fracture site from stress as bone heals. (UMDNS, 1999)Asterina: A genus of STARFISH in the family Asterinidae. They externally hold developing embryos (EMBRYO, NON-MAMMALIAN) among the spines below the oral surface.Nerve Regeneration: Renewal or physiological repair of damaged nerve tissue.Humerus: Bone in humans and primates extending from the SHOULDER JOINT to the ELBOW JOINT.Electric Stimulation: Use of electric potential or currents to elicit biological responses.Neurons, Afferent: Neurons which conduct NERVE IMPULSES to the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM.Dissection: The separation and isolation of tissues for surgical purposes, or for the analysis or study of their structures.Electrodiagnosis: Diagnosis of disease states by recording the spontaneous electrical activity of tissues or organs or by the response to stimulation of electrically excitable tissue.Nerve Transfer: Surgical reinnervation of a denervated peripheral target using a healthy donor nerve and/or its proximal stump. The direct connection is usually made to a healthy postlesional distal portion of a non-functioning nerve or implanted directly into denervated muscle or insensitive skin. Nerve sprouts will grow from the transferred nerve into the denervated elements and establish contact between them and the neurons that formerly controlled another area.Invertebrate Hormones: Hormones produced by invertebrates, usually insects, mollusks, annelids, and helminths.Fractures, Closed: Fractures in which the break in bone is not accompanied by an external wound.Nerve Endings: Branch-like terminations of NERVE FIBERS, sensory or motor NEURONS. Endings of sensory neurons are the beginnings of afferent pathway to the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM. Endings of motor neurons are the terminals of axons at the muscle cells. Nerve endings which release neurotransmitters are called PRESYNAPTIC TERMINALS.Sural Nerve: A branch of the tibial nerve which supplies sensory innervation to parts of the lower leg and foot.Electromyography: Recording of the changes in electric potential of muscle by means of surface or needle electrodes.Peripheral Nerve Injuries: Injuries to the PERIPHERAL NERVES.Facial Nerve: The 7th cranial nerve. The facial nerve has two parts, the larger motor root which may be called the facial nerve proper, and the smaller intermediate or sensory root. Together they provide efferent innervation to the muscles of facial expression and to the lacrimal and SALIVARY GLANDS, and convey afferent information for TASTE from the anterior two-thirds of the TONGUE and for TOUCH from the EXTERNAL EAR.Nerve Crush: Treatment of muscles and nerves under pressure as a result of crush injuries.Forearm: Part of the arm in humans and primates extending from the ELBOW to the WRIST.Arm: The superior part of the upper extremity between the SHOULDER and the ELBOW.Tibial Nerve: The medial terminal branch of the sciatic nerve. The tibial nerve fibers originate in lumbar and sacral spinal segments (L4 to S2). They supply motor and sensory innervation to parts of the calf and foot.H-Reflex: A monosynaptic reflex elicited by stimulating a nerve, particularly the tibial nerve, with an electric shock.Keratotomy, Radial: A procedure to surgically correct REFRACTIVE ERRORS by cutting radial slits into the CORNEA to change its refractive properties.Femoral Nerve: A nerve originating in the lumbar spinal cord (usually L2 to L4) and traveling through the lumbar plexus to provide motor innervation to extensors of the thigh and sensory innervation to parts of the thigh, lower leg, and foot, and to the hip and knee joints.Spinal Nerves: The 31 paired peripheral nerves formed by the union of the dorsal and ventral spinal roots from each spinal cord segment. The spinal nerve plexuses and the spinal roots are also included.Elbow: Region of the body immediately surrounding and including the ELBOW JOINT.Evoked Potentials: Electrical responses recorded from nerve, muscle, SENSORY RECEPTOR, or area of the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM following stimulation. They range from less than a microvolt to several microvolts. The evoked potential can be auditory (EVOKED POTENTIALS, AUDITORY), somatosensory (EVOKED POTENTIALS, SOMATOSENSORY), visual (EVOKED POTENTIALS, VISUAL), or motor (EVOKED POTENTIALS, MOTOR), or other modalities that have been reported.Hand: The distal part of the arm beyond the wrist in humans and primates, that includes the palm, fingers, and thumb.Forelimb: A front limb of a quadruped. (The Random House College Dictionary, 1980)Motor Neurons: Neurons which activate MUSCLE CELLS.
Gating of transmission in climbing fibre paths to cerebellar cortical C1 and C3 zones in the rostral paramedian lobule during locomotion in the cat. (1/169)
1. Climbing fibre field potentials evoked by low intensity (non-noxious) electrical stimulation of the ipsilateral superficial radial nerve have been recorded in the rostral paramedian lobule (PML) in awake cats. Chronically implanted microwires were used to monitor the responses at eight different C1 and C3 zone sites during quiet rest and during steady walking on a moving belt. The latency and other characteristics of the responses identified them as mediated mainly via the dorsal funiculus-spino-olivocerebellar path (DF-SOCP). 2. At each site, mean size of response (measured as the area under the field, in mV ms) varied systematically during the step cycle without parallel fluctuations in size of the peripheral nerve volley. Largest responses occurred overwhelmingly during the stance phase of the step cycle in the ipsilateral forelimb while smallest responses occurred most frequently during swing. 3. Simultaneous recording from pairs of C1 zone sites located in the anterior lobe (lobule V) and C1 or C3 zone sites in rostral PML revealed markedly different patterns of step-related modulation. 4. The findings shed light on the extent to which the SOCPs projecting to different parts of a given zone can be regarded as functionally uniform and have implications as to their reliability as channels for conveying peripheral signals to the cerebellum during locomotion. (+info)Sonographic detection of radial nerve entrapment within a humerus fracture. (2/169)
Radial neuropathy is frequently associated with fracture of the middle third of the humerus owing to the course of the nerve adjacent to the humeral shaft. The prevalence varies from 2 to 18% of humeral fractures. The therapeutic management is still controversial. Some authors recommend initial surgical exploration, whereas others prefer observation and intervention only if the injured nerve failed to recover after a period of more than 4 months. According to the literature, verification of an entrapped radial nerve in a fracture gap requires surgical exploration, but diagnostic tools to verify the existence of a pathologic condition are limited. We describe the sonographic findings of an entrapped radial nerve and review the literature regarding diagnosis and treatment of entrapped radial nerve in cases of humeral fracture. (+info)Safety of the limited open technique of bone-transfixing threaded-pin placement for external fixation of distal radial fractures: a cadaver study. (3/169)
OBJECTIVE: To examine the safety of threaded-pin placement for fixation of distal radial fractures using a limited open approach. DESIGN: A cadaver study. METHODS: Four-millimetre Schanz threaded pins were inserted into the radius and 3-mm screw pins into the second metacarpal of 20 cadaver arms. Each threaded pin was inserted in the dorsoradial oblique plane through a limited open, 5- to 10-mm longitudinal incision. Open exploration of the threaded-pin sites was then carried out. OUTCOME MEASURES: Injury to nerves, muscles and tendons and the proximity of these structures to the threaded pins. RESULTS: There were no injuries to the extensor tendons, superficial radial or lateral antebrachial nerves of the forearm, or to the soft tissues overlying the metacarpal. The lateral antebrachial nerve was the closest nerve to the radial pins and a branch of the superficial radial nerve was closest to the metacarpal pins. The superficial radial nerve was not close to the radial pins. CONCLUSION: Limited open threaded-pin fixation of distal radial fractures in the dorsolateral plane appears to be safe. (+info)Secondary hyperalgesia to punctate mechanical stimuli. Central sensitization to A-fibre nociceptor input. (4/169)
Tissue injury induces enhanced pain sensation to light touch and punctate stimuli in adjacent, uninjured skin (secondary hyperalgesia). Whereas hyperalgesia to light touch (allodynia) is mediated by A-fibre low-threshold mechanoreceptors, hyperalgesia to punctate stimuli may be mediated by A- or C-fibre nociceptors. To disclose the relative contributions of A- and C-fibres to the hyperalgesia to punctate stimuli, the superficial radial nerve was blocked by pressure at the wrist in nine healthy subjects. Secondary hyperalgesia was induced by intradermal injection of 40 microg capsaicin, and pain sensitivity in adjacent skin was tested with 200 micron diameter probes (35-407 mN). The progress of conduction blockade was monitored by touch, cold, warm and first pain detection and by compound sensory nerve action potential. When A-fibre conduction was blocked completely but C-fibre conduction was fully intact, pricking pain to punctate stimuli was reduced by 75%, but burning pain to capsaicin injection remained unchanged. In normal skin without A-fibre blockade, pain ratings to the punctate probes increased significantly by a factor of two after adjacent capsaicin injection. In contrast, pain ratings to the punctate probes were not increased after capsaicin injection when A-fibre conduction was selectively blocked. However, hyperalgesia to punctate stimuli was detectable immediately after block release, when A-fibre conduction returned to normal. In conclusion, the pricking pain to punctate stimuli is predominantly mediated by A-fibre nociceptors. In secondary hyperalgesia, this pathway is heterosynaptically facilitated by conditioning C-fibre input. Thus, secondary hyperalgesia to punctate stimuli is induced by nociceptive C-fibre discharge but mediated by nociceptive A-fibres. (+info)Distribution of presynaptic inhibition on type-identified motoneurones in the extensor carpi radialis pool in man. (5/169)
The question was addressed as to whether the magnitude of Ia presynaptic inhibition might depend on the type of motor unit activated during voluntary contraction in the wrist extensor muscles. For this purpose, we investigated the effects of applying electrical stimulation to the median nerve on the responses of 25 identified motor units to radial nerve stimulation delivered 20 ms after a conditioning stimulation. The reflex responses of the motor units yielded peaks in the post-stimulus time histograms with latencies compatible with monosynaptic activation. Although median nerve stimulation did not affect the motoneurone net excitatory drive assessed from the mean duration of the inter-spike interval, it led to a decrease in the contents of the first two 0.25 ms bins of the peak. This decrease may be consistent with the Ia presynaptic inhibition known to occur under these stimulation conditions. In the trials in which the median nerve was being stimulated, the finding that the response probability of the motor units, even in their monosynaptic components, tended to increase as their force threshold and their macro-potential area increased and as their twitch contraction time decreased suggests that the median nerve stimulation may have altered the efficiency with which the Ia inputs recruited the motoneurones in the pool. These effects were consistently observed in seven pairs of motor units each consisting of one slow and one fast contracting motor unit which were simultaneously tested, which suggests that the magnitude of the Ia presynaptic inhibition may depend on the type of motor unit tested rather than on the motoneurone pool excitatory drive. The present data suggest for the first time that in humans, the Ia presynaptic inhibition may show an upward gradient working from fast to slow contracting motor units which is able to compensate for the downward gradient in monosynaptic reflex excitation from 'slow' to 'fast' motor units. From a functional point of view, a weaker Ia presynaptic inhibition acting on the fast contracting motor units may contribute to improving the proprioceptive assistance to the wrist myotatic unit when the contraction force has to be increased. (+info)Abnormal reciprocal inhibition between antagonist muscles in Parkinson's disease. (6/169)
Disynaptic Ia reciprocal inhibition acts, at the spinal level, by actively inhibiting antagonist motor neurons and reducing the inhibition of agonist motor neurons. The deactivation of this pathway in Parkinson's disease is still debated. Disynaptic reciprocal inhibition of H reflexes in the forearm flexor muscles was examined in 15 control subjects and 16 treated parkinsonian patients at rest and at the onset of a voluntary wrist flexion. Two patients were reassessed 18 h after withdrawal of antiparkinsonian medication. At rest, the level of Ia reciprocal inhibition between the wrist antagonist muscles was not significantly different between patients and controls. In contrast, clear abnormalities of this inhibition were revealed by voluntary movements in the patients. In normal subjects, at the onset of a wrist flexion, Ia reciprocal inhibition showed a large decrease, and we argue that this decrease is supraspinal in origin. On the less affected sides of the patients the descending modulation was still present but lower than in controls; on the more affected sides this modulation had vanished almost completely. These movement-induced abnormalities of disynaptic Ia reciprocal inhibition were closely associated with Parkinson's disease but were probably not dependent on L-dopa. They could play a role in the disturbances of precise voluntary movements observed in Parkinson's disease. (+info)Cryosurgery for chronic injuries of the cutaneous nerve in the upper limb. Analysis of a new open technique. (7/169)
We have treated six patients with chronic pain following nerve injury using a cryosurgical probe. All had a significant return of hand function and improvement of pain during a mean follow-up of 13.5 months. Open visualisation of the injured nervous tissue is essential for patients undergoing this technique. Four patients regained normal sensation in the dermatome of the previously injured nerve. (+info)External fixation of open humerus fractures. (8/169)
Fifteen patients with open shaft of humerus fractures were treated with a monolateral external fixator. Nine patients presented with nerve palsies. Two radial nerves were disrupted and required grafting. Of the seven others, six spontaneously recovered and one brachial plexus partially improved. All fractures healed. The average duration of external fixation was 21 weeks. Four patients required additional procedures prior to healing (external fixator reapplication-2, plating and bone grafting-2). Two of these four experienced breakage of 4.5 mm external fixation pins. Eight patients developed pin tract infections, which all resolved with local care and antibiotics. Thirteen patients were contacted at an average of 63 months after injury. Eleven reported they were satisfied with their result, nine had no functional limits, and eight reported no pain. (+info)
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Palsy1
- When weakness of the extensor muscles is the primary finding, the condition is referred to as posterior interosseus nerve palsy. (merckmanuals.com)
Elbow1
- Symptoms of radial tunnel syndrome include lancinating pain in the dorsum of the forearm and lateral elbow. (merckmanuals.com)
Lateral1
- Lateral epicondylitis can cause similar tenderness around the lateral epicondyle but does not cause the Tinel sign (paresthesia elicited by percussion over a nerve) or tenderness along the course of the radial nerve (which travels under the mobile wad group of muscles in the proximal radial forearm). (merckmanuals.com)
Wrist2
- Any problems with hand, wrist, or triceps movement and any arm sensation problems may be indicative of possible radial nerve dysfunction. (muslimselfportrait.info)
- Splinting allows avoidance of the forceful or repeated motion of supination or wrist dorsiflexion, reducing pressure on the nerve. (merckmanuals.com)
Humerus1
- The radial nerve passes through the humerus spiral groove and the arch formed by the attachment of the humerus and triceps. (muslimselfportrait.info)
Sensory1
- Sensory loss is rare because the radial nerve is principally a motor nerve at this level. (merckmanuals.com)
Neuropathy1
- If the damage only affects one nerve group, like the radial nerve, it is called mono-neuropathy . (muslimselfportrait.info)
Injury1
- Also, chances of Complex Regional Pain Syndrome-Type I (CRPS-I) following radial nerve injury are comparatively high. (elsevier.com)
Tunnel syndrome2
- Still others are from nerve compression, like carpal tunnel syndrome or thoracic outlet syndrome. (icdlist.com)
- Radial tunnel syndrome is compression of the radial nerve in the proximal forearm. (merckmanuals.com)
Spinal cord1
- Your peripheral nerves are the ones outside your brain and spinal cord. (icdlist.com)
Anatomy1
- Background: Poor prognosis of radial nerve repair in elderly patients may be due to changes in intraneural anatomy with age. (elsevier.com)
Tendons1
- That tube, called the carpal tunnel, has tendons and a nerve inside. (icdlist.com)
Connective Tissue2
- The present study is to find the fascicular pattern of radial nerve (at antecubital fossa), microanatomic morphometric characteristics of its connective tissue components and changes with age and study of intraneural sympathetic fiber content. (elsevier.com)
- In elderly cases, there is significant increase in total radial nerve cross-sectional area due to an increase in its non-fascicular connective tissue area and excessive adipose tissue deposition in interfascicular domains. (elsevier.com)
Fibers1
- Methods: Twenty human (21-87 years) cadaveric radial nerves have been collected from antecubital fossa and the study has been performed at magnifications (10×, 20× and 40× objective) after routine histological (hematoxylin & eosin stain) processing was done for morphometric analysis (total cross-sectional, fascicular and non-fascicular area) and immunohistochemical (tyrosine hydroxylase) processing for sympathetic fibers. (elsevier.com)
Forearm34
- Then, it descends down to cross the lateral epicondyle of the humerus where the nerve terminates by branching itself into superficial and deep branch which continues into cubital fossa and then into the forearm. (wikipedia.org)
- In the radial sulcus, it gives off lower lateral cutaneous nerve of the arm and posterior cutaneous nerve of the forearm. (wikipedia.org)
- The superficial branch of the radial nerve is widely separated from the radial artery in the upper one third of the forearm, closely related to radial artery in the middle third of the forearm, and in the lower third, it descends in the forearm under the tendon of brachioradialis. (wikipedia.org)
- The deep branch of the radial nerve (also known as posterior interosseous nerve by some authors)) pierces the supinator muscle, winds around the radius under the cover of supinator to reach posterior of forearm where it again pierces supinator and after which it is known as the posterior interosseous nerve. (wikipedia.org)
- Cutaneous innervation by the radial nerve is provided by the following nerve branches: Posterior cutaneous nerve of arm (originates in axilla) Inferior lateral cutaneous nerve of arm (originates in arm) Posterior cutaneous nerve of forearm (originates in arm) The superficial branch of the radial nerve provides sensory innervation to much of the back of the hand, including the web of skin between the thumb and index finger. (wikipedia.org)
- The damage has sensory consequences, as it interferes with the radial nerve's innervation of the skin of the posterior forearm, lateral three digits, and the dorsal surface of the lateral side of the palm. (wikipedia.org)
- The damage also has motor consequences, as it interferes with the radial nerve's innervation of the muscles associated with the extension at the elbow, wrist, and figers, as well the supination of the forearm. (wikipedia.org)
- Lesion of the radial nerve as described in Therapeutic Exercise Foundations and Techniques is the impairment of the radial nerve due to entrapment.⁴ Clinical features include weakness of elbow extension, elbow flexion, supination of the forearm, wrist and finger extension, and thumb abduction. (bartleby.com)
- As the radial nerve moves back and forth over the bones of your wrist and forearm, there's potential for the nerve to become trapped, pinched , or strained from these activities. (aarp.org)
- The authors report the case of a patient who underwent direct nerve transfer of redundant or expendable motor branches of the median nerve in the proximal forearm to the extensor carpi radialis brevis and the posterior interosseous branches of the radial nerve. (thejns.org)
- Illustration of transfer of redundant FDS and FCR/PL branches of the median nerve in the proximal forearm to the ECRB and posterior interosseous branches of the radial nerve through a single proximal volar forearm incision. (thejns.org)
- Dissection of motor branches of the right median nerve through the proximal volar forearm incision (elbow to the right, and hand to the left). (thejns.org)
- Anatomy of the radial nerve motor branches in the forearm. (orthobullets.com)
- Alimed Robinson Forearm Radial Nerve Wrist Splint helps the patient who has loss of digit extension and wrist extension. (healthproductsforyou.com)
- The forearm-based radial nerve glove is an effective way to offset temporary loss of finger, thumb and wrist extension after an injury to the peripheral nerve. (healthproductsforyou.com)
- The deep branch of the radial nerve winds around the lateral part of the neck of the radius and enters the posterior compartment of the forearm. (dieutridau.com)
- Compression or entrapment can occur at any location within the course of the nerve distribution, but the most frequent location of entrapment occurs in the proximal forearm. (koop.com.my)
- The posterior interosseous nerve also passes through several tight spots in your forearm near your elbow, including the radial tunnel. (healthline.com)
- The median nerve can be compressed by the muscles in your forearm below your elbow. (healthline.com)
- Extensors of the forearm obtain most of the motor innervations from the deep branch of the radial nerve. (pharmacologicalsciences.us)
- In this article, we discuss the forearm anatomy pertinent to performing these nerve transfers and review the literature surrounding nerve transfers for wrist, finger, and thumb extension. (northwestern.edu)
- Course: The radial nerve branches into the superficial branch and deep branch, also known as the posterior interosseous nerve, in the deep posterior proximal compartment of the forearm. (herokuapp.com)
- The superficial branch of the radial nerve passes along the front of the radial side of the forearm to the commencement of its lower third. (herokuapp.com)
- Radialnervepalsyis disablingas it prevents you from extending your wrist and fingers due to lose of nervesupply to the muscles in the forearm responsible for extension.Is radial nerve palsy considered disabled? (herokuapp.com)
- Unusual compression neuropathies of the forearm, part I: radial nerve. (qxmd.com)
- This patient sustained a knife injury which completely severed the radial nerve in the proximal forearm. (thehandtreatmentcenter.com)
- In human anatomy, the radial artery is the main artery of the lateral aspect of the forearm. (primidi.com)
- Scanning distally to the elbow crease, the median nerve separates from the artery and lies deep to the pronator teres muscle and the flexor digitorum superficialis as it reaches the mid-forearm. (nysora.com)
- The ulnar nerve can be traced distally toward the ulnar notch, where it appears as a round hypoechoic structure diving into the bony ulnar sulcus before entering the forearm underneath the flexor carpi ulnaris muscle. (nysora.com)
- The radial nerve carries both motor and sensory nerve fibers from the brachial plexus into the distal forearm and hand. (clinicaladvisor.com)
- the second branch, the 'Posterior cutaneous nerve of the forearm,' travels inferiorly past the elbow to innervate the skin of the posterior forearm. (functionalanatomyblog.com)
- Of clinical note, numbing or tingling in the posterior forearm cannot be caused by irritation of the nerve distal to the elbow as the fibers innervating this region separates from the radial nerve proximal to the elbow. (functionalanatomyblog.com)
- The radial nerve proper, in the anterior aspect of the elbow (anterior to the lateral epicondyle) dives deep to the supinator muscle in the 'arcade of frohse,' to end up once again on the dorsal aspect of the forearm. (functionalanatomyblog.com)
- At this point, the radial nerve is strictly a motor nerve, which serves the muscles of the posterior forearm. (functionalanatomyblog.com)
Median nerve15
- It gives sensory supply to dorsal aspect of hand, dorsal aspect of thumb, index finger, middle finger and lateral side of ring finger except the nail beds, which are supplied by proper digital branches of median nerve. (wikipedia.org)
- Assessment included degree of recovery of wrist and finger extension, and median nerve function including pinch and grip strength. (thejns.org)
- No motor or sensory deficits related to the median nerve were noted, and the patient is very satisfied with her degree of functional restoration. (thejns.org)
- Transfer of redundant synergistic motor branches of the median nerve can successfully reinnervate the finger and wrist extensor muscles to restore radial nerve function. (thejns.org)
- The FDS and FCR/PL branches (black arrow) of the median nerve are divided distally and transposed laterally toward the ECRB, and posterior interosseous branches of the radial nerve (white arrow) are divided proximally prior to direct end-to-end co-aptation. (thejns.org)
- This handout shows simple steps to show your patient how to complete a median nerve glide. (koop.com.my)
- Median nerve gliding exercises. (koop.com.my)
- These three nerves are your ulnar nerve, median nerve, and radial nerve. (koop.com.my)
- The median nerve gets compressed as it travels through the carpal tunnel in your wrist. (healthline.com)
- This motor nerve is a branch of the median nerve. (healthline.com)
- The median nerve provides sensations to the radial aspect of the palm, palmar surface of the thumb, index finger, middle finger, radial half of the ring finger, and the nail beds of the same digits. (aafp.org)
- Nerve transfers to the wrist and finger extensors, often from the median nerve, offer several advantages when compared to nerve repair or grafting and tendon transfer. (northwestern.edu)
- It's sensory rami may also be used for a sensory nerve transfer, for example to the median nerve in a panplexus injury. (orthoracle.com)
- Ultrasonographic assessment shows that a median nerve block using nerve stimulation alone is commonly associated with intraneural injection. (nysora.com)
- As an example, one of the most common forms of nerve entrapment syndrome, Carpal Tunnel Syndrome, affects roughly 1 in 20 people in the United States, and is only one of several types of entrapment syndromes possible for the median nerve. (springer.com)
Called radial nerve1
- Injury to the radial nerve may result in radial neuropathy, also called radial nerve palsy. (aarp.org)
Extensor4
- After it emerges out from the radial sulcus, it supplies the brachialis, brachioradialis and extensor carpi radialis longus. (wikipedia.org)
- and inability to voluntarily straighten the fingers or extend the thumb, which is performed by muscles of the extensor group, all of which are primarily innervated by the radial nerve. (wikipedia.org)
- In 14 patients with radial nerve lesions incurred less than 12 months previously, we transferred the anterior interosseous nerve to the nerve of the extensor carpi radialis brevis (ECRB), while the nerve to the flexor carpi radialis was transferred to the posterior interosseous nerve. (unboundmedicine.com)
- The last muscle to demonstrate evidence of reinnervation during recovery for a radial nerve palsy is the extensor indicis proprius. (orthobullets.com)
Compression13
- The usual causes of nerve dysfunction are direct trauma, prolonged pressure on the nerve, and compression of the nerve from nearby body structures. (medlineplus.gov)
- This might result from prolonged nerve pressure, nerve compression, or direct trauma. (healthline.com)
- Frog Nerve Exercise 1: Action Potential Threshold Using the Horizontal Compression buttons and the scroll bar display the data you wish to include in your report. (bartleby.com)
- Kidney disease and diabetes may cause inflammation , fluid retention , and other symptoms that can, in turn, lead to nerve compression. (aarp.org)
- The medical terms for a pinched nerve are nerve compression or nerve entrapment. (healthline.com)
- Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) is the most common nerve compression syndrome. (healthline.com)
- Surgery is usually offered as an early option for people with myelopathy who have evidence of muscle weakness that is being caused by nerve root or spinal cord compression. (federaldisability.com)
- Surendran, S , Bhat, SM & Krishnamurthy, A 2006, ' Compression of radial nerve between the split tendon of brachioradialis muscle: A case report ', Neuroanatomy , vol. 5, pp. 4-5. (elsevier.com)
- Still others are from nerve compression, like carpal tunnel syndrome or thoracic outlet syndrome. (icdlist.com)
- Entrapment neuropathies, also referred to as nerve compression syndromes, include the supracondylar process syndrome, pronator syndrome, anterior interosseous nerve syndrome, carpal tunnel syndrome, posterior interosseous nerve syndrome, cubital tunnel syndrome, and Guyon canal syndrome. (qxmd.com)
- Diagnostic imaging of nerve compression syndrome]. (qxmd.com)
- During its winding path there are multiple areas of compression that may impinge upon the radial nerve causing distinct symptoms depending on the point of compression. (clinicaladvisor.com)
- Interestingly, compression of the posterior interossesous nerve (PIN) within the radial tunnel can cause two contrasting syndromes known as PIN syndrome and radial tunnel syndrome (RTS). (clinicaladvisor.com)
Cranial Nerves2
- Cranial Nerves The human body is a unique and fascinating entity. (bartleby.com)
- There are 12 pairs of cranial nerves , which carry messages to and from the brain. (thefreedictionary.com)
Conduction studies6
- EMG and nerve conduction studies are typically performed to diagnose the extent and distribution of the damage, and to help with prognosis for recovery. (wikipedia.org)
- Nerve conduction studies are often utilized by clinician to diagnose patients suffering neuromuscular diseases that cannot be determined by neurological examination alone. (bartleby.com)
- An improved technique for radial nerve conduction studies. (bmj.com)
- Electromyogram and nerve conduction studies showed a neuropraxia of the left radial nerve. (bmj.com)
- Nerve conduction studies and an electromyogram (EMG) were performed following orthopaedic review. (bmj.com)
- Follow-up nerve conduction studies and an EMG showed no signs of recovery. (bmj.com)
Entrapment7
- The aim was to assess the association between occupational biomechanical exposure and the occurrence of radial nerve entrapment (RNE) in construction workers over a 13-year follow-up period. (diva-portal.org)
- Radial nerve entrapment is an uncommon diagnosis that is prone to under-recognition. (koop.com.my)
- Rapid ultrasonographic diagnosis of radial entrapment neuropathy at the spiral groove. (medscape.com)
- The median, radial, and ulnar nerves of the upper limbs may be affected by various peripheral neuropathies, each of which may be categorized according to its cause, as either an entrapment or a nonentrapment neuropathy. (qxmd.com)
- Nonentrapment neuropathies include traumatic nerve injuries, infectious and inflammatory conditions, polyneuropathies, and mass lesions at anatomic locations where entrapment syndromes typically do not occur. (qxmd.com)
- Radial nerve entrapment commonly occurs in patients who participate in occupational and recreational activities. (clinicaladvisor.com)
- Featured as a single volume, this is a comprehensive guide to possible nerve entrapment syndromes and their management. (springer.com)
Upper extremity2
- Lange KH, Jansen T, Asghar S, Kristensen P, Skjonnemand M, Norgaard P . Skin temperature measured by infrared thermography after specific ultrasound-guided blocking of the musculocutaneous, radial, ulnar, and median nerves in the upper extremity. (springer.com)
- Radial nerve, a nerve of the upper extremity is a branch from the posterior cord of the brachial plexus. (elsevier.com)
20162
- Mase T, Ishibazawa A, Nagaoka T, Yokota H, Yoshida A (2016) Radial peripapillary capillary network visualized using wide-field montage optical coherence tomography angiography. (springer.com)
- Sep 15, 2016 - How nerve gliding reduces pain from numerous causes. (koop.com.my)
Brachial13
- It originates from the brachial plexus, carrying fibers from the ventral roots of spinal nerves C5, C6, C7, C8 & T1. (wikipedia.org)
- The radial nerve originates as a terminal branch of the posterior cord of the brachial plexus. (wikipedia.org)
- The radial nerve originates from the posterior cord of the brachial plexus with root values of C5 to C8 and T1. (wikipedia.org)
- Branchial Plexus- cervical nerves 6-8 along with the first thoracic nerve are referred to as the brachial plexus. (majortests.com)
- The radial nerve is 1 of the 4 important branches of the posterior cord of the brachial plexus and has the root values of C5, C6, C7, C8, and T1. (dieutridau.com)
- A brachial plexus schematic, radial nerve sensory distribution, and radial nerve course are shown in the images below. (dieutridau.com)
- The brachial plexus (plexus brachialis) is a somatic nerve plexus formed by intercommunications among the ventral rami (roots) of the lower 4 cervical nerves (C5-C8) and the first thoracic nerve (T1). (medscape.com)
- The spinal nerves that form the brachial plexus run in an inferior and anterior direction within the sulci formed by these structures. (medscape.com)
- The anterior division of the lower trunk forms the medial cord, which gives off the medial pectoral nerve (C8, T1), the medial brachial cutaneous nerve (T1), and the medial antebrachial cutaneous nerve (C8, T1). (medscape.com)
- A brachial plexus block can be supplemented or 'rescued' with a radial nerve block for surgeries in the distribution of the radial nerve or in the instance when a brachial plexus block may have spared the radial nerve distribution. (pharmacologicalsciences.us)
- Learn the Brachial plexus reconstruction (intercostal to radial nerve transfer) surgical technique with step by step instructions on OrthOracle. (orthoracle.com)
- Our e-learning platform contains high resolution images and a certified CME of the Brachial plexus reconstruction (intercostal to radial nerve transfer) surgical procedure. (orthoracle.com)
- One of the divisions of the posterior cord of the brachial plexus (along with the Auxillary nerve), the Radial nerve consists of neural fiber contributions from the C5-T1 nerve roots. (functionalanatomyblog.com)
Lateral epicondyle5
- Measurement of pressure pain threshold in the lateral epicondyle, radial nerve in the spiral groove, C5-C6 zygapophyseal joints, and the tibialis anterior muscle. (clinicaltrials.gov)
- At the level of the lateral epicondyle, between the lateral epicondyle and muscu-lospiral groove, the radial nerve divides into superficial and deep branches. (pharmacologicalsciences.us)
- Typically, patients will have intense pain over the lateral epicondyle that radiates distally and radially towards the radial styloid and thumb. (clinicaladvisor.com)
- Interestingly, it has been the experience of this author that the epicenter of painful stimulus can be located by taking 80% of the transepicondylar distance (the distance between the medial and lateral humeral epicondyles) and applying pressure at this distance from the lateral epicondyle pointing towards the radial styloid. (clinicaladvisor.com)
- The nerve surfaces from the septum anterior to the lateral epicondyle just lateral to the lateral edge of the brachialis, and medial to the brachioradialis. (functionalanatomyblog.com)
SPLINT1
- This Dynamic Radial Nerve Palsy Splint are appreciated by the clients for its highly durable nature and reasonable prices. (evolutionfoot.com)
Local anesthetic3
- If one or more nerves are involved, perform differential nerve blocks separately (test blocks of the various possible nerves with local anesthetic, 1-2 mL, 2% plain lidocaine). (practicalpainmanagement.com)
- Avoid local anesthetic spread across various nerves by keeping volume low. (practicalpainmanagement.com)
- The choice of the type and concentration of local anesthetic for radial nerve blockade is based on the desired duration. (dieutridau.com)
Tunnel Syndrome4
- Nerve gliding exercises may help decrease pain associated with cubital tunnel syndrome. (koop.com.my)
- To him it very evident that the cause wasn't tendinitis, but nerve impingement, referred to as "radial tunnel syndrome. (myorthoct.com)
- MR imaging features of radial tunnel syndrome: initial experience. (qxmd.com)
- Patients that present with symptoms of radial tunnel syndrome (RTS) can be difficult to evaluate. (clinicaladvisor.com)
Innervation of the Radial Nerve2
- Create healthcare diagrams like this example called Muscle Innervation of the Radial Nerve in minutes with SmartDraw. (smartdraw.com)
- needle is inserted until a paraesthesia is elicited in the distribution of innervation of the radial nerve. (pharmacologicalsciences.us)
Sensory nerve9
- First, clinically determine the principal sensory nerve or nerves subserving the affected painful area. (practicalpainmanagement.com)
- Once the correct nerve is isolated, identify and mark the target sensory nerve points for the SRN and the infrared thermometry (IRT) ranging points "T" (Figure 2). (practicalpainmanagement.com)
- The ranging points "T" will vary depending on the distribution of pain and the subserving sensory nerve. (practicalpainmanagement.com)
- It branches into a motor nerve to your shoulder muscles ( deltoid and teres minor ) and a sensory nerve to your shoulder. (healthline.com)
- It is a sensory nerve. (herokuapp.com)
- afferent nerve any nerve that transmits impulses from the periphery toward the central nervous system, such as a sensory nerve. (thefreedictionary.com)
- sensory nerve a peripheral nerve that conducts impulses from a sense organ to the spinal cord or brain. (thefreedictionary.com)
- EMG and NC studies are typically inconclusive as sensory nerve fibers are not evaluated on these studies. (clinicaladvisor.com)
- The auricular branch of the vagus nerve is a sensory nerve emerging from the superior ganglion of the vagus nerve, joined by branches from the glossopharyngeal (CN IX) and facial nerves, and innervating the lower part of the tympanic membrane and the floor of the external auditory canal. (tabers.com)
Motor and sensory2
- Mixed nerves are composed of both motor and sensory fibers, and transmit messages in both directions at once. (thefreedictionary.com)
- The patient underwent sural nerve cable grafting in attempts to restore some radial nerve motor and sensory function. (thehandtreatmentcenter.com)
Antebrachial cutaneous nerve2
- The extra type, replacement of SR3 by a branch of the lateral antebrachial cutaneous nerve, was found (4.7%) and the incidences of other patterns were different from those of previous reports . (bvsalud.org)
- PAbCN, posterior antebrachial cutaneous nerve. (nysora.com)
Humeral shaft9
- 1. How common is a radial nerve palsy following humeral shaft fracture? (eplasty.com)
- 2. What is the optimal timing for radial nerve repair following humeral shaft fracture? (eplasty.com)
- To determine the rate of iatrogenic radial nerve palsy (RNP) after surgical repair of established humeral shaft nonunion (HSNU). (qxmd.com)
- Primary radial nerve palsy in patients with acute humeral shaft fractures. (qxmd.com)
- Factors associated with radial nerve palsy after operative treatment of diaphyseal humeral shaft fractures. (qxmd.com)
- The management of humeral shaft fractures with associated radial nerve palsy: a review of 117 cases. (medscape.com)
- Bishop J, Ring D. Management of radial nerve palsy associated with humeral shaft fracture: a decision analysis model. (medscape.com)
- Radial nerve palsy associated with humeral shaft fractures. (medscape.com)
- Iatrogenic radial nerve palsy after operative management of humeral shaft fractures. (medscape.com)
Superficial branc1
- At this point, the 'Superficial branch of the radial nerve' separates from the nerve proper and courses inferiorly deep to the brachioradialis. (functionalanatomyblog.com)
Axilla1
- The nerve gives off 3 branches in the axilla- 1. (thestudentphysicaltherapist.com)
Patients with radial1
- Which specialist consultations are beneficial to patients with radial mononeuropathy? (medscape.com)
Musculocutaneous nerves1
- 4 In another study on human patients, an increase in hand temperature was observed following block of the ulnar or median nerves but no effect was observed after block of the radial or musculocutaneous nerves. (springer.com)
Biopsy3
Carpal1
- That tube, called the carpal tunnel, has tendons and a nerve inside. (icdlist.com)
Lesion3
- Diagnosis Information The patient's diagnosis in this case study is lesion of the radial nerve.¹ The International Classifications of Diseases 9th Revision, ICD-9-CM 354.3 will be replaced by an equivalent ICD-10-CM code (or codes) when the United States transitions from ICD-9-CM to ICD-10-CM on October 1, 2015. (bartleby.com)
- Atypical double nerve lesion after humeral fracture: diagnosis by ultrasound. (medscape.com)
- Note the enlarged costal nerves below the skin that were affected by the disease and which were supplying the leprous lesion. (cdc.gov)
Peripapillary capillary density1
- Mansoori T, Sivaswamy J, Gamalapati JS, Agraharam SG, Balakrishna N (2017) Measurement of radial peripapillary capillary density in the normal human retina using optical coherence tomography angiography. (springer.com)
Spinal nerves2
- Cat III Structure List Cat Spinal Nerves 1. (majortests.com)
- The ventral rami of spinal nerves C5 to T1 are referred to as the "roots" of the plexus. (medscape.com)
Surgical7
- A nerve laceration usually requires surgical repair. (aarp.org)
- Surgical anesthesia, postoperative analgesia, and palliative measures for acute painful conditions are all indications for radial nerve block. (dieutridau.com)
- Providing surgeons with state-of-the-art neurodevices to locate and identify nerves and evaluate nerve and muscle excitability in surgical procedures. (checkpointsurgical.com)
- A suggested algorithm for management of acute traumatic high radial nerve palsy is offered, and our preferred surgical technique for treatment of high radial nerve palsy is provided. (northwestern.edu)
- Radial neuropathies can occur from surgical procedures such as humeral nailing performed to stabilize an acute humeral fracture. (medscape.com)
- Anatomic characteristics and surgical implications of the superficial radial nerve. (bvsalud.org)
- Only a few published studies of the surgical treatment of benign peripheral nerve sheath tumors (BPNSTs), malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors (MPNSTs), and peripheral non-neural sheath tumors (PNNSTs) have analyzed the results and possible prognostic factors using multivariate analysis. (thejns.org)
Spiral2
- This revealed a neuropraxia of her left radial nerve at the spiral groove. (bmj.com)
- The components of the eighth cranial nerve (CN VIII) carrying axons that convey information regarding sound and balance between the spiral ganglion in the inner ear and the cochlear nuclei in the brainstem. (tabers.com)
Retinal nerve fibre2
- To analyse the expansion of radial peripapillary capillary (RPC) network with optical coherence tomography angiography (OCT-A) in normal human eyes and correlate RPC density with retinal nerve fibre layer thickness (RNFLT) at various distances from the optic nerve head (ONH) edge. (springer.com)
- Yu PK, Cringle SJ, Yu DY (2014) Correlation between the radial peripapillary capillaries and the retinal nerve fibre layer in the normal human retina. (springer.com)
Sural nerve2
- Seddon originally described intercostal nerve transfer to the musculocutaneous nerve using an interposition sural nerve graft. (orthoracle.com)
- Sural nerve is being harvested from the lower extremity. (thehandtreatmentcenter.com)
Mononeuropathy3
- Damage to one nerve group, such as the radial nerve, is called mononeuropathy . (medlineplus.gov)
- Mononeuropathy means there is damage to a single nerve. (medlineplus.gov)
- What is radial mononeuropathy? (medscape.com)