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UlnaFree Tissue FlapsSurgical FlapsTransplant Donor SiteReconstructive Surgical ProceduresWristUlna FracturesForearmBone and BonesWrist JointWrist InjuriesBone RemodelingBone DensityRadiusForearm InjuriesRadial ArteryBone ResorptionBone MarrowBone NeoplasmsBone DevelopmentRadius FracturesBone Marrow CellsBone DiseasesCarcinoma, Squamous CellRadial NerveRetrospective StudiesBone TransplantationBone RegenerationSupinationFractures, BonePronationCarpal BonesBone MatrixBone Marrow TransplantationElbow JointBone Diseases, MetabolicBone SubstitutesOsteogenesisDiaphysesRegional Blood FlowBone Morphogenetic ProteinsMonteggia's FractureRadial NeuropathyHumerusBone Morphogenetic Protein 2HandBone PlatesPlethysmographyBiomechanical PhenomenaFemurArm BonesTemporal BoneGymnasticsRange of Motion, ArticularOsteoporosisForelimbFracture HealingFractures, MalunitedLunate BoneParietal BoneWeight-BearingBone CystsMetacarpal BonesHand StrengthKeratotomy, RadialOsteoblastsX-Ray MicrotomographyTibiaAlveolar Bone LossBone CementsPeriosteumPseudarthrosisFractures, UnunitedFracture Fixation, InternalArmCasts, SurgicalDislocationsMedian NerveCarpal JointsOsteoclastsElbowCadaverMovementOsteocytesUlnar ArteryFractures, ClosedAbsorptiometry, PhotonOsteotomyTime FactorsVasodilationBone Marrow DiseasesMuscle, SkeletalHand InjuriesUlnar Nerve Compression SyndromesHaversian SystemStress, MechanicalBrachial ArterySplintsFrontal BoneElectromyographyOsteocalcinTreatment OutcomeCalcification, PhysiologicBone Morphogenetic Protein 7Bone WiresTenosynovitisUlnar NerveTriangular FibrocartilageCompressive StrengthCumulative Trauma DisordersFractures, ComminutedCarpal Tunnel SyndromeBones of Upper ExtremityLeg BonesAlkaline PhosphataseCell DifferentiationBone Marrow NeoplasmsBone NailsBone Marrow ExaminationPelvic BonesTomography, X-Ray ComputedFibulaOsteomyelitisHyperemiaomega-N-MethylarginineVascular ResistanceNitroprussideSkullLigaments, ArticularFingersFollow-Up StudiesTendonsMetacarpusCarpus, Animal
Ulna: The inner and longer bone of the FOREARM.Free Tissue Flaps: A mass of tissue that has been cut away from its surrounding areas to be used in TISSUE TRANSPLANTATION.Surgical Flaps: Tongues of skin and subcutaneous tissue, sometimes including muscle, cut away from the underlying parts but often still attached at one end. They retain their own microvasculature which is also transferred to the new site. They are often used in plastic surgery for filling a defect in a neighboring region.Transplant Donor Site: The body location or part from which tissue is taken for TRANSPLANTATION.Reconstructive Surgical Procedures: Procedures used to reconstruct, restore, or improve defective, damaged, or missing structures.Wrist: The region of the upper limb between the metacarpus and the FOREARM.Ulna Fractures: Fractures of the larger bone of the forearm.Forearm: Part of the arm in humans and primates extending from the ELBOW to the WRIST.Bone and Bones: A specialized CONNECTIVE TISSUE that is the main constituent of the SKELETON. The principle cellular component of bone is comprised of OSTEOBLASTS; OSTEOCYTES; and OSTEOCLASTS, while FIBRILLAR COLLAGENS and hydroxyapatite crystals form the BONE MATRIX.Wrist Joint: The joint that is formed by the distal end of the RADIUS, the articular disc of the distal radioulnar joint, and the proximal row of CARPAL BONES; (SCAPHOID BONE; LUNATE BONE; triquetral bone).Wrist Injuries: Injuries to the wrist or the wrist joint.Bone Remodeling: The continuous turnover of BONE MATRIX and mineral that involves first an increase in BONE RESORPTION (osteoclastic activity) and later, reactive BONE FORMATION (osteoblastic activity). The process of bone remodeling takes place in the adult skeleton at discrete foci. The process ensures the mechanical integrity of the skeleton throughout life and plays an important role in calcium HOMEOSTASIS. An imbalance in the regulation of bone remodeling's two contrasting events, bone resorption and bone formation, results in many of the metabolic bone diseases, such as OSTEOPOROSIS.Bone Density: The amount of mineral per square centimeter of BONE. This is the definition used in clinical practice. Actual bone density would be expressed in grams per milliliter. It is most frequently measured by X-RAY ABSORPTIOMETRY or TOMOGRAPHY, X RAY COMPUTED. Bone density is an important predictor for OSTEOPOROSIS.Radius: The outer shorter of the two bones of the FOREARM, lying parallel to the ULNA and partially revolving around it.Forearm Injuries: Injuries to the part of the upper limb of the body between the wrist and elbow.Radial Artery: The direct continuation of the brachial trunk, originating at the bifurcation of the brachial artery opposite the neck of the radius. Its branches may be divided into three groups corresponding to the three regions in which the vessel is situated, the forearm, wrist, and hand.Bone Resorption: Bone loss due to osteoclastic activity.Bone Marrow: The soft tissue filling the cavities of bones. Bone marrow exists in two types, yellow and red. Yellow marrow is found in the large cavities of large bones and consists mostly of fat cells and a few primitive blood cells. Red marrow is a hematopoietic tissue and is the site of production of erythrocytes and granular leukocytes. Bone marrow is made up of a framework of connective tissue containing branching fibers with the frame being filled with marrow cells.Bone Neoplasms: Tumors or cancer located in bone tissue or specific BONES.Bone Development: The growth and development of bones from fetus to adult. It includes two principal mechanisms of bone growth: growth in length of long bones at the epiphyseal cartilages and growth in thickness by depositing new bone (OSTEOGENESIS) with the actions of OSTEOBLASTS and OSTEOCLASTS.Radius FracturesBone Marrow Cells: Cells contained in the bone marrow including fat cells (see ADIPOCYTES); STROMAL CELLS; MEGAKARYOCYTES; and the immediate precursors of most blood cells.Bone Diseases: Diseases of BONES.Carcinoma, Squamous Cell: A carcinoma derived from stratified SQUAMOUS EPITHELIAL CELLS. It may also occur in sites where glandular or columnar epithelium is normally present. (From Stedman, 25th ed)Radial Nerve: A major nerve of the upper extremity. In humans the fibers of the radial nerve originate in the lower cervical and upper thoracic spinal cord (usually C5 to T1), travel via the posterior cord of the brachial plexus, and supply motor innervation to extensor muscles of the arm and cutaneous sensory fibers to extensor regions of the arm and hand.Retrospective Studies: Studies used to test etiologic hypotheses in which inferences about an exposure to putative causal factors are derived from data relating to characteristics of persons under study or to events or experiences in their past. The essential feature is that some of the persons under study have the disease or outcome of interest and their characteristics are compared with those of unaffected persons.Bone Transplantation: The grafting of bone from a donor site to a recipient site.Bone Regeneration: Renewal or repair of lost bone tissue. It excludes BONY CALLUS formed after BONE FRACTURES but not yet replaced by hard bone.Supination: Applies to movements of the forearm in turning the palm forward or upward. When referring to the foot, a combination of adduction and inversion movements of the foot.Fractures, Bone: Breaks in bones.Pronation: Applies to movements of the forearm in turning the palm backward or downward. When referring to the foot, a combination of eversion and abduction movements in the tarsal and metatarsal joints (turning the foot up and in toward the midline of the body).Carpal Bones: The eight bones of the wrist: SCAPHOID BONE; LUNATE BONE; TRIQUETRUM BONE; PISIFORM BONE; TRAPEZIUM BONE; TRAPEZOID BONE; CAPITATE BONE; and HAMATE BONE.Bone Matrix: Extracellular substance of bone tissue consisting of COLLAGEN fibers, ground substance, and inorganic crystalline minerals and salts.Bone Marrow Transplantation: The transference of BONE MARROW from one human or animal to another for a variety of purposes including HEMATOPOIETIC STEM CELL TRANSPLANTATION or MESENCHYMAL STEM CELL TRANSPLANTATION.Elbow Joint: A hinge joint connecting the FOREARM to the ARM.Bone Diseases, MetabolicBone Substitutes: Synthetic or natural materials for the replacement of bones or bone tissue. They include hard tissue replacement polymers, natural coral, hydroxyapatite, beta-tricalcium phosphate, and various other biomaterials. The bone substitutes as inert materials can be incorporated into surrounding tissue or gradually replaced by original tissue.Osteogenesis: The process of bone formation. Histogenesis of bone including ossification.Diaphyses: The shaft of long bones.Regional Blood Flow: The flow of BLOOD through or around an organ or region of the body.Bone Morphogenetic Proteins: Bone-growth regulatory factors that are members of the transforming growth factor-beta superfamily of proteins. They are synthesized as large precursor molecules which are cleaved by proteolytic enzymes. The active form can consist of a dimer of two identical proteins or a heterodimer of two related bone morphogenetic proteins.Monteggia's Fracture: Fracture in the proximal half of the shaft of the ulna, with dislocation of the head of the radius.Radial Neuropathy: Disease involving the RADIAL NERVE. Clinical features include weakness of elbow extension, elbow flexion, supination of the forearm, wrist and finger extension, and thumb abduction. Sensation may be impaired over regions of the dorsal forearm. Common sites of compression or traumatic injury include the AXILLA and radial groove of the HUMERUS.Humerus: Bone in humans and primates extending from the SHOULDER JOINT to the ELBOW JOINT.Bone Morphogenetic Protein 2: A potent osteoinductive protein that plays a critical role in the differentiation of osteoprogenitor cells into OSTEOBLASTS.Hand: The distal part of the arm beyond the wrist in humans and primates, that includes the palm, fingers, and thumb.Bone Plates: Implantable fracture fixation devices attached to bone fragments with screws to bridge the fracture gap and shield the fracture site from stress as bone heals. (UMDNS, 1999)Plethysmography: Recording of change in the size of a part as modified by the circulation in it.Biomechanical Phenomena: The properties, processes, and behavior of biological systems under the action of mechanical forces.Femur: The longest and largest bone of the skeleton, it is situated between the hip and the knee.Arm Bones: The bones of the free part of the upper extremity including the HUMERUS; RADIUS; and ULNA.Temporal Bone: Either of a pair of compound bones forming the lateral (left and right) surfaces and base of the skull which contains the organs of hearing. It is a large bone formed by the fusion of parts: the squamous (the flattened anterior-superior part), the tympanic (the curved anterior-inferior part), the mastoid (the irregular posterior portion), and the petrous (the part at the base of the skull).Gymnastics: Systematic physical exercise. This includes calisthenics, a system of light gymnastics for promoting strength and grace of carriage.Range of Motion, Articular: The distance and direction to which a bone joint can be extended. Range of motion is a function of the condition of the joints, muscles, and connective tissues involved. Joint flexibility can be improved through appropriate MUSCLE STRETCHING EXERCISES.Osteoporosis: Reduction of bone mass without alteration in the composition of bone, leading to fractures. Primary osteoporosis can be of two major types: postmenopausal osteoporosis (OSTEOPOROSIS, POSTMENOPAUSAL) and age-related or senile osteoporosis.Forelimb: A front limb of a quadruped. (The Random House College Dictionary, 1980)Fracture Healing: The physiological restoration of bone tissue and function after a fracture. It includes BONY CALLUS formation and normal replacement of bone tissue.Fractures, Malunited: Union of the fragments of a fractured bone in a faulty or abnormal position. If two bones parallel to one another unite by osseous tissue, the result is a crossunion. (From Manual of Orthopaedic Terminology, 4th ed)Lunate Bone: A moon-shaped carpal bone which is located between the SCAPHOID BONE and TRIQUETRUM BONE.Parietal Bone: One of a pair of irregularly shaped quadrilateral bones situated between the FRONTAL BONE and OCCIPITAL BONE, which together form the sides of the CRANIUM.Weight-Bearing: The physical state of supporting an applied load. This often refers to the weight-bearing bones or joints that support the body's weight, especially those in the spine, hip, knee, and foot.Bone Cysts: Benign unilocular lytic areas in the proximal end of a long bone with well defined and narrow endosteal margins. The cysts contain fluid and the cyst walls may contain some giant cells. Bone cysts usually occur in males between the ages 3-15 years.Metacarpal Bones: The five cylindrical bones of the METACARPUS, articulating with the CARPAL BONES proximally and the PHALANGES OF FINGERS distally.Hand Strength: Force exerted when gripping or grasping.Keratotomy, Radial: A procedure to surgically correct REFRACTIVE ERRORS by cutting radial slits into the CORNEA to change its refractive properties.Osteoblasts: Bone-forming cells which secrete an EXTRACELLULAR MATRIX. HYDROXYAPATITE crystals are then deposited into the matrix to form bone.X-Ray Microtomography: X-RAY COMPUTERIZED TOMOGRAPHY with resolution in the micrometer range.Tibia: The second longest bone of the skeleton. It is located on the medial side of the lower leg, articulating with the FIBULA laterally, the TALUS distally, and the FEMUR proximally.Alveolar Bone Loss: Resorption or wasting of the tooth-supporting bone (ALVEOLAR PROCESS) in the MAXILLA or MANDIBLE.Bone Cements: Adhesives used to fix prosthetic devices to bones and to cement bone to bone in difficult fractures. Synthetic resins are commonly used as cements. A mixture of monocalcium phosphate, monohydrate, alpha-tricalcium phosphate, and calcium carbonate with a sodium phosphate solution is also a useful bone paste.Periosteum: Thin outer membrane that surrounds a bone. It contains CONNECTIVE TISSUE, CAPILLARIES, nerves, and a number of cell types.Pseudarthrosis: A pathologic entity characterized by deossification of a weight-bearing long bone, followed by bending and pathologic fracture, with inability to form normal BONY CALLUS leading to existence of the "false joint" that gives the condition its name. (Dorland, 27th ed)Fractures, Ununited: A fracture in which union fails to occur, the ends of the bone becoming rounded and eburnated, and a false joint occurs. (Stedman, 25th ed)Fracture Fixation, Internal: The use of internal devices (metal plates, nails, rods, etc.) to hold the position of a fracture in proper alignment.Arm: The superior part of the upper extremity between the SHOULDER and the ELBOW.Casts, Surgical: Dressings made of fiberglass, plastic, or bandage impregnated with plaster of paris used for immobilization of various parts of the body in cases of fractures, dislocations, and infected wounds. In comparison with plaster casts, casts made of fiberglass or plastic are lightweight, radiolucent, able to withstand moisture, and less rigid.DislocationsMedian Nerve: A major nerve of the upper extremity. In humans, the fibers of the median nerve originate in the lower cervical and upper thoracic spinal cord (usually C6 to T1), travel via the brachial plexus, and supply sensory and motor innervation to parts of the forearm and hand.Carpal Joints: The articulations between the various CARPAL BONES. This does not include the WRIST JOINT which consists of the articulations between the RADIUS; ULNA; and proximal CARPAL BONES.Osteoclasts: A large multinuclear cell associated with the BONE RESORPTION. An odontoclast, also called cementoclast, is cytomorphologically the same as an osteoclast and is involved in CEMENTUM resorption.Elbow: Region of the body immediately surrounding and including the ELBOW JOINT.Cadaver: A dead body, usually a human body.Movement: The act, process, or result of passing from one place or position to another. It differs from LOCOMOTION in that locomotion is restricted to the passing of the whole body from one place to another, while movement encompasses both locomotion but also a change of the position of the whole body or any of its parts. Movement may be used with reference to humans, vertebrate and invertebrate animals, and microorganisms. Differentiate also from MOTOR ACTIVITY, movement associated with behavior.Osteocytes: Mature osteoblasts that have become embedded in the BONE MATRIX. They occupy a small cavity, called lacuna, in the matrix and are connected to adjacent osteocytes via protoplasmic projections called canaliculi.Ulnar Artery: The larger of the two terminal branches of the brachial artery, beginning about one centimeter distal to the bend of the elbow. Like the RADIAL ARTERY, its branches may be divided into three groups corresponding to their locations in the forearm, wrist, and hand.Fractures, Closed: Fractures in which the break in bone is not accompanied by an external wound.Absorptiometry, Photon: A noninvasive method for assessing BODY COMPOSITION. It is based on the differential absorption of X-RAYS (or GAMMA RAYS) by different tissues such as bone, fat and other soft tissues. The source of (X-ray or gamma-ray) photon beam is generated either from radioisotopes such as GADOLINIUM 153, IODINE 125, or Americanium 241 which emit GAMMA RAYS in the appropriate range; or from an X-ray tube which produces X-RAYS in the desired range. It is primarily used for quantitating BONE MINERAL CONTENT, especially for the diagnosis of OSTEOPOROSIS, and also in measuring BONE MINERALIZATION.Osteotomy: The surgical cutting of a bone. (Dorland, 28th ed)Time Factors: Elements of limited time intervals, contributing to particular results or situations.Vasodilation: The physiological widening of BLOOD VESSELS by relaxing the underlying VASCULAR SMOOTH MUSCLE.Bone Marrow DiseasesMuscle, Skeletal: A subtype of striated muscle, attached by TENDONS to the SKELETON. Skeletal muscles are innervated and their movement can be consciously controlled. They are also called voluntary muscles.Hand Injuries: General or unspecified injuries to the hand.Ulnar Nerve Compression Syndromes: Ulnar neuropathies caused by mechanical compression of the nerve at any location from its origin at the BRACHIAL PLEXUS to its terminations in the hand. Common sites of compression include the retroepicondylar groove, cubital tunnel at the elbow (CUBITAL TUNNEL SYNDROME), and Guyon's canal at the wrist. Clinical features depend on the site of injury, but may include weakness or paralysis of wrist flexion, finger flexion, and ulnar innervated intrinsic hand muscles, and impaired sensation over the ulnar aspect of the hand, fifth finger, and ulnar half of the ring finger. (Joynt, Clinical Neurology, 1995, Ch51, p43)Haversian System: A circular structural unit of bone tissue. It consists of a central hole, the Haversian canal through which blood vessels run, surrounded by concentric rings, called lamellae.Stress, Mechanical: A purely physical condition which exists within any material because of strain or deformation by external forces or by non-uniform thermal expansion; expressed quantitatively in units of force per unit area.Brachial Artery: The continuation of the axillary artery; it branches into the radial and ulnar arteries.Splints: Rigid or flexible appliances used to maintain in position a displaced or movable part or to keep in place and protect an injured part. (Dorland, 28th ed)Frontal Bone: The bone that forms the frontal aspect of the skull. Its flat part forms the forehead, articulating inferiorly with the NASAL BONE and the CHEEK BONE on each side of the face.Electromyography: Recording of the changes in electric potential of muscle by means of surface or needle electrodes.Osteocalcin: Vitamin K-dependent calcium-binding protein synthesized by OSTEOBLASTS and found primarily in BONES. Serum osteocalcin measurements provide a noninvasive specific marker of bone metabolism. The protein contains three residues of the amino acid gamma-carboxyglutamic acid (Gla), which, in the presence of CALCIUM, promotes binding to HYDROXYAPATITE and subsequent accumulation in BONE MATRIX.Treatment Outcome: Evaluation undertaken to assess the results or consequences of management and procedures used in combating disease in order to determine the efficacy, effectiveness, safety, and practicability of these interventions in individual cases or series.Calcification, Physiologic: Process by which organic tissue becomes hardened by the physiologic deposit of calcium salts.Bone Morphogenetic Protein 7: A bone morphogenetic protein that is widely expressed during EMBRYONIC DEVELOPMENT. It is both a potent osteogenic factor and a specific regulator of nephrogenesis.Bone Wires: Steel wires, often threaded through the skin, soft tissues, and bone, used to fix broken bones. Kirschner wires or apparatus also includes the application of traction to the healing bones through the wires.Tenosynovitis: Inflammation of the synovial lining of a tendon sheath. Causes include trauma, tendon stress, bacterial disease (gonorrhea, tuberculosis), rheumatic disease, and gout. Common sites are the hand, wrist, shoulder capsule, hip capsule, hamstring muscles, and Achilles tendon. The tendon sheaths become inflamed and painful, and accumulate fluid. Joint mobility is usually reduced.Ulnar Nerve: A major nerve of the upper extremity. In humans, the fibers of the ulnar nerve originate in the lower cervical and upper thoracic spinal cord (usually C7 to T1), travel via the medial cord of the brachial plexus, and supply sensory and motor innervation to parts of the hand and forearm.Triangular Fibrocartilage: Fibrocartilage that makes up the triangular fibrocartilage complex which is found in the WRIST JOINT.Compressive Strength: The maximum compression a material can withstand without failure. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 5th ed, p427)Cumulative Trauma Disorders: Harmful and painful condition caused by overuse or overexertion of some part of the musculoskeletal system, often resulting from work-related physical activities. It is characterized by inflammation, pain, or dysfunction of the involved joints, bones, ligaments, and nerves.Fractures, Comminuted: A fracture in which the bone is splintered or crushed. (Dorland, 27th ed)Carpal Tunnel Syndrome: Entrapment of the MEDIAN NERVE in the carpal tunnel, which is formed by the flexor retinaculum and the CARPAL BONES. This syndrome may be associated with repetitive occupational trauma (CUMULATIVE TRAUMA DISORDERS); wrist injuries; AMYLOID NEUROPATHIES; rheumatoid arthritis (see ARTHRITIS, RHEUMATOID); ACROMEGALY; PREGNANCY; and other conditions. Symptoms include burning pain and paresthesias involving the ventral surface of the hand and fingers which may radiate proximally. Impairment of sensation in the distribution of the median nerve and thenar muscle atrophy may occur. (Joynt, Clinical Neurology, 1995, Ch51, p45)Bones of Upper Extremity: The bones of the upper and lower ARM. They include the CLAVICLE and SCAPULA.Leg Bones: The bones of the free part of the lower extremity in humans and of any of the four extremities in animals. It includes the FEMUR; PATELLA; TIBIA; and FIBULA.Alkaline Phosphatase: An enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of an orthophosphoric monoester and water to an alcohol and orthophosphate. EC 3.1.3.1.Cell Differentiation: Progressive restriction of the developmental potential and increasing specialization of function that leads to the formation of specialized cells, tissues, and organs.Bone Marrow Neoplasms: Neoplasms located in the bone marrow. They are differentiated from neoplasms composed of bone marrow cells, such as MULTIPLE MYELOMA. Most bone marrow neoplasms are metastatic.Bone Nails: Rods of bone, metal, or other material used for fixation of the fragments or ends of fractured bones.Bone Marrow Examination: Removal of bone marrow and evaluation of its histologic picture.Pelvic Bones: Bones that constitute each half of the pelvic girdle in VERTEBRATES, formed by fusion of the ILIUM; ISCHIUM; and PUBIC BONE.Tomography, X-Ray Computed: Tomography using x-ray transmission and a computer algorithm to reconstruct the image.Fibula: The bone of the lower leg lateral to and smaller than the tibia. In proportion to its length, it is the most slender of the long bones.OsteomyelitisHyperemia: The presence of an increased amount of blood in a body part or an organ leading to congestion or engorgement of blood vessels. Hyperemia can be due to increase of blood flow into the area (active or arterial), or due to obstruction of outflow of blood from the area (passive or venous).omega-N-Methylarginine: A competitive inhibitor of nitric oxide synthetase.Vascular Resistance: The force that opposes the flow of BLOOD through a vascular bed. It is equal to the difference in BLOOD PRESSURE across the vascular bed divided by the CARDIAC OUTPUT.Nitroprusside: A powerful vasodilator used in emergencies to lower blood pressure or to improve cardiac function. It is also an indicator for free sulfhydryl groups in proteins.Skull: The SKELETON of the HEAD including the FACIAL BONES and the bones enclosing the BRAIN.Ligaments, Articular: Fibrous cords of CONNECTIVE TISSUE that attach bones to each other and hold together the many types of joints in the body. Articular ligaments are strong, elastic, and allow movement in only specific directions, depending on the individual joint.Fingers: Four or five slender jointed digits in humans and primates, attached to each HAND.Follow-Up Studies: Studies in which individuals or populations are followed to assess the outcome of exposures, procedures, or effects of a characteristic, e.g., occurrence of disease.Tendons: Fibrous bands or cords of CONNECTIVE TISSUE at the ends of SKELETAL MUSCLE FIBERS that serve to attach the MUSCLES to bones and other structures.Metacarpus: The region of the HAND between the WRIST and the FINGERS.Carpus, Animal: The region corresponding to the human WRIST in non-human ANIMALS.
AnatomyDiseasesChemicals and DrugsAnalytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and EquipmentPhenomena and ProcessesAnthropology, Education, Sociology and Social PhenomenaTechnology, Industry, AgricultureHealth Care
UlnaFree Tissue FlapsSurgical FlapsTransplant Donor SiteReconstructive Surgical ProceduresWristUlna FracturesForearmBone and BonesWrist JointWrist InjuriesBone RemodelingBone DensityRadiusForearm InjuriesRadial ArteryBone ResorptionBone MarrowBone NeoplasmsBone DevelopmentRadius FracturesBone Marrow CellsBone DiseasesCarcinoma, Squamous CellRadial NerveRetrospective StudiesBone TransplantationBone RegenerationSupinationFractures, BonePronationCarpal BonesBone MatrixBone Marrow TransplantationElbow JointBone Diseases, MetabolicBone SubstitutesOsteogenesisDiaphysesRegional Blood FlowBone Morphogenetic ProteinsMonteggia's FractureRadial NeuropathyHumerusBone Morphogenetic Protein 2HandBone PlatesPlethysmographyBiomechanical PhenomenaFemurArm BonesTemporal BoneGymnasticsRange of Motion, ArticularOsteoporosisForelimbFracture HealingFractures, MalunitedLunate BoneParietal BoneWeight-BearingBone CystsMetacarpal BonesHand StrengthKeratotomy, RadialOsteoblastsX-Ray MicrotomographyTibiaAlveolar Bone LossBone CementsPeriosteumPseudarthrosisFractures, UnunitedFracture Fixation, InternalArmCasts, SurgicalDislocationsMedian NerveCarpal JointsOsteoclastsElbowCadaverMovementOsteocytesUlnar ArteryFractures, ClosedAbsorptiometry, PhotonOsteotomyTime FactorsVasodilationBone Marrow DiseasesMuscle, SkeletalHand InjuriesUlnar Nerve Compression SyndromesHaversian SystemStress, MechanicalBrachial ArterySplintsFrontal BoneElectromyographyOsteocalcinTreatment OutcomeCalcification, PhysiologicBone Morphogenetic Protein 7Bone WiresTenosynovitisUlnar NerveTriangular FibrocartilageCompressive StrengthCumulative Trauma DisordersFractures, ComminutedCarpal Tunnel SyndromeBones of Upper ExtremityLeg BonesAlkaline PhosphataseCell DifferentiationBone Marrow NeoplasmsBone NailsBone Marrow ExaminationPelvic BonesTomography, X-Ray ComputedFibulaOsteomyelitisHyperemiaomega-N-MethylarginineVascular ResistanceNitroprussideSkullLigaments, ArticularFingersFollow-Up StudiesTendonsMetacarpusCarpus, Animal
Ulnar nerveUlnar nerve
Transverse section across distal ends of radius and ulna. Transverse section across the wrist and digits. Ulnar and radial ... In human anatomy, the ulnar nerve is a nerve that runs near the ulna bone. The ulnar collateral ligament of elbow joint is in ... In the forearm it gives off the following branches: Muscular branches of ulnar nerve Palmar branch of ulnar nerve Dorsal branch ... Ulnar nerve Brachial plexus with characteristic M, ulnar nerve labeled. Ulnar nerve Ulnar nerve Ulnar nerve Brachial plexus. ...
Midcarpal jointMidcarpal joint
... radial, and ulnar ligaments. The ligaments holding the carpal bones to each other, to the distal radius and ulna, and to the ... which also determine the relative motion of the carpal bones. Ligamentous Apparatus of the Wrist: The carpal bones are not ... Some portion of the ligaments are under tension in every position of the hand in relation to the forearm. This article ... The wrist is perhaps the most complicated joint in the body. It permits movements in three planes - extension/flexion, ulnar ...
ForearmForearm
Radius Ulna Proximal to forearm Elbow In the forearm Proximal radioulnar joint Distal radioulnar joint Distal to forearm Wrist ... The ulnar nerve also runs the length of the forearm. The radial and ulnar arteries and their branches supply the blood to the ... The forearm contains two long bones, the radius and the ulna, forming the radioulnar joint. The interosseous membrane connects ... The forearm is the region of the upper limb between the elbow and the wrist. The term forearm is used in anatomy to distinguish ...
Ulnar arteryUlnar artery
... reaches the ulnar side of the forearm at a point about midway between the elbow and the wrist. It then runs along the ulnar ... crosses the transverse carpal ligament on the radial side of the pisiform bone, and immediately beyond this bone divides into ... Allen test Cross-section through the middle of the forearm. Transverse section across distal ends of radius and ulna. ... Arteries of the right forearm - anterior view. Ulnar and radial arteries. Deep view. This article incorporates text in the ...
Essex-Lopresti fractureEssex-Lopresti fracture
"Fractures of the radial head with distal radio-ulnar dislocation: report of two cases". J Bone Joint Surg Br. 33B (2): 244-7. ... with dorsal subluxation of the ulna often seen on lateral view of the pronated wrist. The radial head fracture is usually ... The distal radio-ulnar joint dislocation can be reduced by supination of the forearm, and may be pinned in place for 6 weeks to ... Excision of the radial head should be avoided, as the radius will migrate proximally leading to wrist pain and loss of ...
UlnaUlna
Bones of left forearm. Posterior aspect. Ligaments of wrist. Anterior view Ligaments of wrist. Posterior view. The ulna is a ... There is also a radial notch for the head of the radius, and the ulnar tuberosity to which muscles attach. Close to the wrist, ... The bone may break due to excessive weight or impact. The ulna is a long bone found in the forearm that stretches from the ... Position of ulna (red). Animation Bones of the right arm, showing the ulna, radius, wrist and humerus Cross-section through the ...
Galeazzi fractureGaleazzi fracture
Pain and soft-tissue swelling are present at the distal-third radial fracture site and at the wrist joint. This injury is ... Hughston, JC (April 1957). "Fracture of the distal radial shaft; mistakes in management". J Bone Joint Surg Am. 39-A (2): 249- ... Forearm trauma may be associated with compartment syndrome. Anterior interosseous nerve (AIN) palsy may also be present, but it ... Galeazzi fractures are best treated with open reduction of the radius and the distal radio-ulnar joint. It has been called the ...
Radial dysplasiaRadial dysplasia
... metacarpal of the index finger is pinned onto the ulna and radial wrist extensors are attached to the ulnar side of the wrist, ... Once the bones are secured anastomosis are made between the vessels of the toe and the vessels of the forearm. After ... Radial deviation of the wrist is caused by lack of support to the carpus, radial deviation may be reinforced if forearm muscles ... osteotomy may be needed to straighten the ulna. After placing the wrist in the correct position, radial wrist extensors are ...
Madelungs deformityMadelung's deformity
Ulna reduction Adults with Madelung's deformity may suffer from ulnar-sided wrist pain. Madelung's Deformity is usually treated ... An oblique segment is removed from the ulna, after which the distal radial-ulnar joint is freed, making sure structures stay ... Madelung's deformity is usually characterized by malformed wrists and wrist bones and is often associated with Léri-Weill ... Typical clinical presentation consists of a short forearm, anterior-ulnar bow of the radius and a forward subluxation of the ...
Abductor digiti minimi muscle of handAbductor digiti minimi muscle of hand
... is a skeletal muscle situated on the ulnar border of the palm of the hand. It forms the ulnar border of the palm and its ... Occasionally, the muscle is partially inserted onto the fifth metacarpal bone. In case of polydactyly it may insert to the ... and the ulna. The muscle might be joined by accessory slips from the tendon of the flexor carpi ulnaris, the flexor retinaculum ... radial). In contrast, the remaining hypothenar muscles are derived from the deep layer at a later stage. In rare cases ...
Posterior compartment of the forearmPosterior compartment of the forearm
The second compartment is occupied by the two radial wrist extensors, the extensor carpi radialis longus and the extensor carpi ... Anterior compartment of the forearm Forearm Upper limb Transverse section across distal ends of radius and ulna. Transverse ... The extensor carpi ulnaris passes through the sixth compartment to insert to the base of the fifth metacarpal bone. The muscles ... The extensor indicis proprius usually runs and inserts onto the ulnar side of the extensor digitorum communis of the index ...
Muscles of the handMuscles of the hand
The muscles of the hand are innervated by the radial, median, and ulnar nerves. The radial nerve innervates the finger ... The extensors are located on the back of the forearm and are connected in a more complex way than the flexors to the dorsum of ... The median nerve innervates the flexors of the wrist and digits, the abductors and opponens of the thumb, the first and second ... The 6th compartment is in the groove on the dorsum of inferior side of ulna. ...
Distal radius fractureDistal radius fracture
The wrist may be deformed. The ulna bone may also be broken. In younger people these fractures typically occur during sports or ... Articular incongruity Volar or dorsal tilt Radial inclination Radial length and ulnar variance Comminution of the fracture (the ... It is imperative to check for loss of sensation, loss of circulation to the hand, and more proximal injuries to the forearm, ... A distal radius fracture, also known as wrist fracture, is a break of the part of the radius bone which is close to the wrist. ...
Radius (bone)Radius (bone)
... with the ulna at the radial notch. At the wrist, the radius forms a joint with the ulna bone. The corresponding bone in the ... The radius or radial bone is one of the two large bones of the forearm, the other being the ulna. It extends from the lateral ... with the lunate bone. The articular surface for the ulna is called the ulnar notch (sigmoid cavity) of the radius; it is narrow ... The biceps muscle inserts on the radial tuberosity of the upper extremity of the bone. The upper third of the body of the bone ...
ICD-10 Chapter XIX: Injury, poisoning and certain other consequences of external causesICD-10 Chapter XIX: Injury, poisoning and certain other consequences of external causes
Injury of ulnar nerve at wrist and hand level (S64.1) Injury of median nerve at wrist and hand level (S64.2) Injury of radial ... Superficial injury of forearm (S51) Open wound of forearm (S52) Fracture of forearm (S52.0) Fracture of upper end of ulna ... Open wound of wrist and hand (S62) Fracture at wrist and hand level (S62.0) Fracture of navicular (scaphoid) bone of hand ( ... Injury of ulnar nerve at forearm level (S54.1) Injury of median nerve at forearm level (S54.2) Injury of radial nerve at ...
Extensor indicis muscleExtensor indicis muscle
Opposite the head of the second metacarpal bone, it joins the ulnar side of the tendon of the extensor digitorum which belongs ... Split tendons of the muscle inserting on both ulnar and the radial side of the common extensor digitorum was also reported. ... It arises from the distal third of the dorsal part of the body of ulna and from the interosseous membrane. It runs through the ... The extensor indicis extends the index finger, and by its continued action assists in extending (dorsiflexion) the wrist and ...
Carpal bonesCarpal bones
The ligaments of the wrist proper which unite the ulna and radius with the carpus: the ulnar and radial collateral ligaments; ... The carpal bones are the eight small bones that make up the wrist (or carpus) that connects the hand to the forearm. This term ... The ulnar bones are then ossified before the radial bones, while the sesamoid pisiform arises in the tendon of the flexor carpi ... In tetrapods, the carpus is the sole cluster of bones in the wrist between the radius and ulna and the metacarpus. The bones of ...
WristWrist
The distal radioulnar joint is a pivot joint located between the bones of the forearm, the radius and ulna. Formed by the head ... and the ulnar and radial collateral ligaments. The parts forming the radiocarpal joint are the lower end of the radius and ... Ossification of the bones around the wrist is one indicator used in taking a bone age. The term 'wrist fracture' may be used to ... "The wrist contains eight bones, roughly aligned in two rows, known as the carpal bones." Moore 2006, p. 485. "The wrist (carpus ...
Outline of human anatomyOutline of human anatomy
Radial fossa Medial epicondyle Lateral epicondyle Radius Radial styloid process Ulna Olecranon Coronoid process Head Ulnar ... Perichondrium Axial skeleton Appendicular skeleton Long bone Short bone Flat bone Irregular bone Pneumatized bone Sesamoid bone ... ligament Radial collateral ligament Anular ligament of radius Quadrate ligament Distal radio-ulnar joint Joints of hand Wrist ... part Musculocutaneous nerve Medial cutaneous nerve of arm Medial cutaneous nerve of forearm Median nerve Ulnar nerve Radial ...
ElbowElbow
The ulnar nerve crosses the intermediate part as it enters the forearm. The radial collateral ligament is attached to the ... These are joints between the three bones of the elbow, the humerus of the upper arm, and the radius and the ulna of the forearm ... Wrist flexion and pronation (rotating of the forearm) causes irritation to the tendons near the medial epicondyle of the elbow ... When the arm is extended, with the palm facing forward or up, the bones of the upper arm (humerus) and forearm (radius and ulna ...
Anatomical terminologyAnatomical terminology
Radial referring to the radius bone, seen laterally in the standard anatomical position. Ulnar referring to the ulna bone, ... To illustrate how inexact day-to-day language can be: a scar "above the wrist" could be located on the forearm two or three ... the forearm as the antebrachium and antebrachial, the wrist as the carpus and carpal area, the hand as the manus and manual, ... The lower left square is the left iliac region and contains the left pelvic bone and the lower left regions of the small ...
ThumbThumb
A ventral forearm muscle, the flexor pollicis longus (FPL) originates on the anterior side of the radius distal to the radial ... The muscle is inserted onto the ulnar sesamoid bone of the metacarpophalangeal joint. It adducts the thumb, and assists in ... It is innervated by the deep branch of the radial nerve (C7-C8). The extensor pollicis brevis (EPB) originates on the ulna ... The radial artery can be palpated anteriorly at the wrist(not in the snuffbox). There are three thenar muscles: The abductor ...
Upper limbUpper limb
... ulnar or radial deviation). To produce pure flexion or extension at the wrist, these muscle therefore must act in pairs to ... the latter two role the radius around the ulna (hence the name of the first bone) and the former reverses this action assisted ... The ulnar nerve innervates the muscles of the forearm and hand not innervated by the median nerve. The axillary nerve ... The deep brachial, superior ulnar collateral, inferior ulnar collateral, radial, ulnar, nutrient and muscular branches of the ...
Median nerveMedian nerve
Common mechanisms: Tight cast, forearm bone fracture Motor deficit: Loss of pronation of forearm, loss of flexion of radial ... Transverse section across distal ends of radius and ulna. Transverse section across the wrist and digits. The right brachial ... Vascular branches supplies the radial and ulnar arteries. Meanwhile, a communicating branch is given to the ulnar nerve. The ... Sensory deficit: None At the wrist Common mechanism: Wrist laceration Motor deficit: Weakness in flexion of radial half of ...
Bone fractureBone fracture
Forearm fracture *Ulnar fracture *Monteggia fracture - a fracture of the proximal third of the ulna with the dislocation of the ... Essex-Lopresti fracture - a fracture of the radial head with concomitant dislocation of the distal radio-ulnar joint with ... Colles' fracture - a distal fracture of the radius with dorsal (posterior) displacement of the wrist and hand ... "Broken bones" redirects here. For other uses, see Broken Bones.. A bone fracture (sometimes abbreviated FRX or Fx, Fx, or #) is ...
Ulnar collateral ligament of elbow jointUlnar collateral ligament of elbow joint
It consists of two portions, an anterior and posterior united by a thinner intermediate portion. Note that this ligament is also referred to as the medial collateral ligament[1] and should not be confused with the lateral ulnar collateral ligament (LUCL).[2] The anterior portion, directed obliquely forward, is attached, above, by its apex, to the front part of the medial epicondyle of the humerus; and, below, by its broad base to the medial margin of the coronoid process of the ulna. The posterior portion, also of triangular form, is attached, above, by its apex, to the lower and back part of the medial epicondyle; below, to the medial margin of the olecranon. Between these two bands a few intermediate fibers descend from the medial epicondyle to blend with a transverse band which bridges across the notch between the olecranon and the coronoid process. This ligament is in relation with the triceps brachii and flexor carpi ulnaris and the ...
Triangular fibrocartilageTriangular fibrocartilage
The Triangular fibrocartilage complex (TFCC) is formed by the triangular fibrocartilage discus (TFC), the radioulnar ligaments (RUL's) and the ulnocarpal ligaments (UCL's). The TFC is an articular discus that lies on the pole of the distal ulna. It has a triangular shape and a biconcave body; the periphery is thicker than its center. The central portion of the TFC is thin and consists of chondroid fibrocartilage; this type of tissue is often seen in structures that can bear compressive loads. This central area is often so thin that it is translucent and in some cases it is even absent. The peripheral portion of the TFC is well vascularised, while the central portion has no blood supply. This discus is attached by thick tissue to the base of the ulnar styloid and by thinner tissue to the edge of the radius just proximal to the radiocarpal articular surface. The RUL's are the principal stabilizers of the distal radioulnar joint (DRUJ). There ...
Ulnar collateral ligament reconstructionUlnar collateral ligament reconstruction
... , also known as Tommy John surgery (TJS), is a surgical graft procedure where the ulnar collateral ligament in the medial elbow is replaced with either a tendon from elsewhere in the patient's body, or tendon from donated tissue of a cadaver. The procedure is common among collegiate and professional athletes in several sports, most notably baseball. The procedure was first performed in 1974 by orthopedic surgeon Frank Jobe, a Los Angeles Dodgers team physician who served as a special advisor to the team until his death in 2014. It is named after the first baseball player to undergo the surgery, major league pitcher Tommy John, whose record of 288 career victories ranks seventh among left-handed pitchers. The initial operation, John's successful post-surgery career, and the relationship between the two men is the subject of a 2013 ESPN 30 for 30 documentary. At the time of Tommy John's operation, Dr. Jobe put the chances for success of the operation at 1 in ...
Galeazzi fractureGaleazzi fracture
The Galeazzi fracture is a fracture of the distal third of the radius with dislocation of the distal radioulnar joint. It classically involves an isolated fracture of the junction of the distal third and middle third of the radius with associated subluxation or dislocation of the distal radio-ulnar joint; the injury disrupts the forearm axis joint. The Galeazzi fracture is named after Ricardo Galeazzi (1866-1952), an Italian surgeon at the Instituto de Rachitici in Milan, who described the fracture in 1934. However, it was first described in 1842, by Cooper, 92 years before Galeazzi reported his results. Galeazzi fractures account for 3-7% of all forearm fractures. They are seen most often in males. Although Galeazzi fracture patterns are reportedly uncommon, they are estimated to account for 7% of all forearm fractures in adults. They are associated with a fall on an outstretched arm. Pain and soft-tissue swelling are ...
Ulnar collateral ligament reconstructionUlnar collateral ligament reconstruction
The ulnar collateral ligament (UCL) can become stretched, frayed, or torn through the repetitive stress of the throwing motion. The risk of injury to the throwing athlete's UCL is thought to be extremely high as the amount of stress through this structure approaches its ultimate tensile strength during a hard throw.[6]. While many authorities suggest that an individual's style of throwing or the type of pitches they throw are the most important determinant of their likelihood to sustain an injury, the results of a 2002 study suggest that the total number of pitches thrown is the greatest determinant.[7] A 2002 study examined the throwing volume, pitch type, and throwing mechanics of 426 pitchers aged 9 to 14 for one year. Compared to pitchers who threw 200 or fewer pitches in a season, those who threw 201-400, 401-600, 601-800, and 800+ pitches faced an increased risk of 63%, 181%, 234%, and 161% respectively. The types of pitches thrown showed a smaller effect; throwing a slider was ...
Krukenberg procedureKrukenberg procedure
The Krukenberg procedure, also known as the Krukenberg operation, is a surgical technique that converts a forearm stump into a pincer. It was first described in 1917 by the German army surgeon Hermann Krukenberg. It remains in use today for certain special cases but is considered controversial and some surgeons refuse to perform it. The procedure involves separating the ulna and radius for below-elbow amputations, and in cases of congenital absence of the hand, to provide a pincerlike grasp that is motored by the pronator teres muscle. The prerequisites for the operation are a stump over 10 cm long from the tip of the olecranon, no elbow contracture, and good psychological preparation and acceptance. The success of the Krukenberg procedure depends directly on the strength of the pronator teres, the sensibility of the skin surrounding both ulna and radius, elbow mobility, and mobility of the ulna and radius at the proximal ...
Monteggia fractureMonteggia fracture
The Monteggia fracture is a fracture of the proximal third of the ulna with dislocation of the proximal head of the radius. It is named after Giovanni Battista Monteggia. Mechanisms include: Fall on an outstretched hand with the forearm in excessive pronation (hyper-pronation injury). The Ulna fractures in the proximal one-third of the shaft due to extreme dislocation. Depending on the impact and forces applied in each direction, degree of energy absorption determines pattern, involvement of the radial head and whether or not open soft tissue occurs. Direct blow on back of upper forearm would be a very uncommon cause. In this context, isolated ulnar shaft fractures are most commonly seen in defence against blunt trauma (e.g. nightstick injury). Such an isolated ulnar shaft fracture is not a Monteggia fracture.[citation needed] It is called a 'nightstick fracture'. There are four types ...
Posterior compartment of the forearmPosterior compartment of the forearm
The posterior compartment of the forearm (or extensor compartment) contains 12 muscles which are chiefly responsible for extension of the wrist and digits, and supination of the forearm. It is separated from the anterior compartment by the interosseous membrane between the radius and ulna. There are generally 12 muscles in the posterior compartment of the forearm, which can be divided further into the superficial, the intermediate and the deep layer. Most of the superficial and the intermediate muscles share a common origin which is the outer part of the elbow, the lateral epicondyle of humerus. The deep muscles arise from distal part of ulna and the surrounding interosseous membrane. The brachioradialis, flexor of the elbow, is unusual in that it is located in the posterior compartment, but it is actually a muscle of flexor / anterior compartment of the forearm. The ...
প্রগণ্ডাস্থি - উইকিপিডিয়াপ্রগণ্ডাস্থি - উইকিপিডিয়া
স্কন্ধ্যাস্থি (scapula) ও বক্ষ প্রাচীরের মাঝে কোষ(bursa) অবস্থিত, যা বক্ষ প্রাচীরের উপর দিয়ে স্কন্ধ্যাস্থির চলাচল সহজ করে। কাঁধের নড়াচড়া প্রকৃতপক্ষে গ্লিন-প্রগণ্ডাস্থিয় সন্ধির নড়াচড়া এবং বক্ষ প্রাচীরের উপর স্কন্ধ্যাস্থির চলাচলের যৌথ কর্ম। প্রগণ্ডাস্থির শেষপ্রান্ত (কনুইয়ে) প্রকোষ্ঠাস্থির(Ulna) সংগে হিন্জ(hinge) সন্ধি তৈরি করে, যা শুধু ভাঁজ ও প্রসারন করতে দেয়। এটি প্রগণ্ডাস্থির ...
Hypertrophic osteodystrophyHypertrophic osteodystrophy
... (HOD) is a bone disease that occurs in fast-growing large and giant breed dogs. The disorder is sometimes referred to as metaphyseal osteopathy, and typically first presents between the ages of 2 and 7 months. HOD is characterized by decreased blood flow to the metaphysis (the part of the bone adjacent to the joint) leading to a failure of ossification (bone formation) and necrosis and inflammation of cancellous bone. The disease is usually bilateral in the limb bones, especially the distal radius, ulna, and tibia. The Weimaraner, Irish Setter, Boxer, German Shepherd, and Great Dane breeds are heavily represented in case reports of HOD in the veterinary literature, but the severity of symptoms and possible etiology may be different across the breeds. For example, familial clustering of the disease has been documented in ...
KeichousaurusKeichousaurus
... is a genus of marine reptile in the pachypleurosaur family which went extinct at the close of the Triassic in the Triassic-Jurassic extinction event. The name derives from Kweichow (now Guizhou Province) in China where the first fossil specimen was discovered in 1957. They are among the most common sauropterygian fossils recovered and are often found as nearly complete, articulated skeletons, making them popular among collectors. Keichousaurus, and the pachypleurosaur family broadly, are sometimes classified within Nothosauroidea, but are otherwise listed as a separate, more primitive lineage within Sauropterygia. Keichousaurus, like all sauropterygians, was highly adapted to the aquatic environment. Individuals of this genus ranged up to 2.7 m in length, and had both long necks and long tails, with elongated, five-toed feet. The pointed head and sharp teeth in this genus also indicate that they were fish-eaters. Some recovered specimens feature an especially developed ulna ...
Mușchiul flexor ulnar al carpuluiMușchiul flexor ulnar al carpului
... este superficial fiind acoperit de piele. El acoperă mușchiul flexor superficial al degetelor (Musculus flexor digitorum superficialis) și mușchiul flexor profund al degetelor (Musculus flexor digitorum profundus). Lateral vine în raport cu mușchiul palmar lung (Musculus palmaris longus). Pe toată lungimea sa, posterior și medial, mușchiul flexor ulnar al carpului vine în raport cu ulna. Mușchiul flexor ulnar al carpului acoperă prin fața sa laterală artera ulnară și nervul ulnar. Nervul ulnar trece între cele două capete de inserție ale mușchiului flexor ulnar al carpului. Nervul ulnar merge pe un traiect de câțiva centimetri prin corpul muscular, fapt de care trebuie ținut seama la disecția nervului pentru a nu fi lezate filetele nervoase care se distribuie mușchiului. ...
Wall barsWall bars
Gymnastics wall bars (also known as a gymnastics ladder or stall bars) were invented at the beginning of the 19th century by the Swedish teacher Per Henrik Ling who, when suffering from arthritis, realized the therapeutic potential of wall-bars exercise. With the support of the Swedish king, Ling founded The Royal Institute for Gymnastics, where he taught gymnastics as an art, which later became the working system in whole Europe. He later invented the vaulting box. With the arrival of emigrants in America, the wall bars were quickly adopted in the USA. Gymnastics wall bars are a multifunction device, made of lamellar and beech timber. They can be manufactured in different sizes, from the recovery, for children up to the double, which may have a size of 2.50 x1, 70 m. The parallel bars are made of beech or maple wood and commonly number 7, 14, or 16 pieces. The top bar is extended further than the other bars to facilitate exercises where the user hangs vertically. The bars are 40 mm thick and ...
AnatomyDiseasesChemicals and DrugsAnalytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and EquipmentPhenomena and ProcessesAnthropology, Education, Sociology and Social PhenomenaTechnology, Industry, AgricultureHealth Care
UlnaFree Tissue FlapsSurgical FlapsTransplant Donor SiteReconstructive Surgical ProceduresWristUlna FracturesForearmBone and BonesWrist JointWrist InjuriesBone RemodelingBone DensityRadiusForearm InjuriesRadial ArteryBone ResorptionBone MarrowBone NeoplasmsBone DevelopmentRadius FracturesBone Marrow CellsBone DiseasesCarcinoma, Squamous CellRadial NerveRetrospective StudiesBone TransplantationBone RegenerationSupinationFractures, BonePronationCarpal BonesBone MatrixBone Marrow TransplantationElbow JointBone Diseases, MetabolicBone SubstitutesOsteogenesisDiaphysesRegional Blood FlowBone Morphogenetic ProteinsMonteggia's FractureRadial NeuropathyHumerusBone Morphogenetic Protein 2HandBone PlatesPlethysmographyBiomechanical PhenomenaFemurArm BonesTemporal BoneGymnasticsRange of Motion, ArticularOsteoporosisForelimbFracture HealingFractures, MalunitedLunate BoneParietal BoneWeight-BearingBone CystsMetacarpal BonesHand StrengthKeratotomy, RadialOsteoblastsX-Ray MicrotomographyTibiaAlveolar Bone LossBone CementsPeriosteumPseudarthrosisFractures, UnunitedFracture Fixation, InternalArmCasts, SurgicalDislocationsMedian NerveCarpal JointsOsteoclastsElbowCadaverMovementOsteocytesUlnar ArteryFractures, ClosedAbsorptiometry, PhotonOsteotomyTime FactorsVasodilationBone Marrow DiseasesMuscle, SkeletalHand InjuriesUlnar Nerve Compression SyndromesHaversian SystemStress, MechanicalBrachial ArterySplintsFrontal BoneElectromyographyOsteocalcinTreatment OutcomeCalcification, PhysiologicBone Morphogenetic Protein 7Bone WiresTenosynovitisUlnar NerveTriangular FibrocartilageCompressive StrengthCumulative Trauma DisordersFractures, ComminutedCarpal Tunnel SyndromeBones of Upper ExtremityLeg BonesAlkaline PhosphataseCell DifferentiationBone Marrow NeoplasmsBone NailsBone Marrow ExaminationPelvic BonesTomography, X-Ray ComputedFibulaOsteomyelitisHyperemiaomega-N-MethylarginineVascular ResistanceNitroprussideSkullLigaments, ArticularFingersFollow-Up StudiesTendonsMetacarpusCarpus, Animal
Ulnar nerve - WikipediaUlnar nerve - Wikipedia
Transverse section across distal ends of radius and ulna. Transverse section across the wrist and digits. Ulnar and radial ... In human anatomy, the ulnar nerve is a nerve that runs near the ulna bone. The ulnar collateral ligament of elbow joint is in ... In the forearm it gives off the following branches: Muscular branches of ulnar nerve Palmar branch of ulnar nerve Dorsal branch ... Ulnar nerve Brachial plexus with characteristic M, ulnar nerve labeled. Ulnar nerve Ulnar nerve Ulnar nerve Brachial plexus. ...
en.wikipedia.org
Extensor carpi ulnaris (muscle) definition | Drugs.comExtensor carpi ulnaris (muscle) definition | Drugs.com
... ulnar head); insertion, base of fifth metacarpal bone; action, extends and adducts hand at wrist joint; nerve supply, radial ( ... Definition: muscle of posterior (extensor) compartment of forearm; origin, lateral epicondyle of humerus (humeral head) and ... oblique line and posterior border of ulna ( ... Synonym(s): musculus extensor carpi ulnarisTA, ulnar extensor ( ...
drugs.com
Posture or Position - A Little Jargon - ErgonomicsPosture or Position - A Little Jargon - Ergonomics
Ulnar refers to the forearm bone that is at the base of the little finger, the Ulna.. Thanks to http://www.internetclipart.com ... Ulnar Deviation. Ulnar Deviation is the opposite of Radial Deviation.It indicates a cocking or angling of the wrist toward the ... Radial refers to the forearm bone that is at the base of the thumb.. Side Flexion. Side Flexion refers specifically to the ... Radial Deviation. This refers specifically to the wrist. It indicates a cocking or angling toward the thumb side. ...
bellaonline.com
Cardiovascular System of the Arm and Hand - Posterior (Back) ViewCardiovascular System of the Arm and Hand - Posterior (Back) View
The ulnar artery supplies blood along the medial side of the forearm and wrist just above the ulna bone. In the hand, the ulnar ... The radial artery supplies blood along the lateral side of the forearm and wrist just superficial to the radius bone. As the ... In the forearm region, the brachial artery divides into the radial and ulnar arteries. ... The palmar venous arches carry blood to the radial and ulnar veins, which run parallel to the arteries of the same name before ...
innerbody.com
Ulnar Club Hand | Boston Childrens HospitalUlnar Club Hand | Boston Children's Hospital
Learn more about Ulnar Club Hand symptoms, diagnosis, and treatments from experts at Boston Childrens, ranked best Childrens ... Its caused by an ulna (the bone that connects the elbow to the forearm) that wasnt formed correctly in the womb.. • Your ... What is radial and what is ulnar? When describing a particular side of the arm, you may hear your childs doctor refer to the " ... A diagnosis of ulnar club hand means that your childs wrist is in a fixed and bent position toward the side of the hand with ...
childrenshospital.org
Guitar Anatomy: Four Fundamental Movements Every Guitarist Should Know | GuitarworldGuitar Anatomy: Four Fundamental Movements Every Guitarist Should Know | Guitarworld
There are two bones in the forearm, the ulna and the radius. And the reason its called the radius is because this is the bone ... For example, this would be an ulnar deviated wrist:. And this would be a flexed wrist:. ... we use the forearm bones we saw earlier. Movement toward the radius is called "radial deviation." And movement in the opposite ... Wrist Orientations. And just as with elbow and forearm movement, we can imagine fixed versions of all these wrist orientations ...
guitarworld.com
What is the Anatomy of the Forearm? (with pictures)What is the Anatomy of the Forearm? (with pictures)
... and two long bones: the radius and ulna. At the top of the forearm... ... The forearm has 20 muscles, several major arteries and nerves, ... The ulnar, median, and radial nerves are the major nerves of ... The forearm is the lower portion of the arm, found between the elbow and wrist joints. Beneath the skin, and the fat stored ... namely the ulnar artery and median and ulnar nerves in the front compartment and the radial artery and radial nerve in the back ...
wisegeek.com
Midcarpal joint - WikipediaMidcarpal joint - Wikipedia
... radial, and ulnar ligaments. The ligaments holding the carpal bones to each other, to the distal radius and ulna, and to the ... which also determine the relative motion of the carpal bones. Ligamentous Apparatus of the Wrist: The carpal bones are not ... Some portion of the ligaments are under tension in every position of the hand in relation to the forearm. This article ... The wrist is perhaps the most complicated joint in the body. It permits movements in three planes - extension/flexion, ulnar ...
en.wikipedia.org
Colles wrist fracture, X-ray - Stock Image C003/1005 - Science Photo...'Colles' wrist fracture, X-ray' - Stock Image C003/1005 - Science Photo...
... fracture at the joint where the forearm (radius and ulna bones, at left) meets the hand (at right). A double radial and ulnar ... of the wrist bones of a male patient aged 60, showing a Colles ... Colles fracture of the wrist is an injury that usually follows ... fracture is seen (lower centre) with bone displacement. ... radius and ulna bones, side view, wrist bones, xray Licence ... fracture at the joint where the forearm (radius and ulna bones, at left) meets the hand (at right). A double radial and ulnar ...
sciencephoto.com
Humerus Bone Anatomy, Diagram & Diagram | Body MapsHumerus Bone Anatomy, Diagram & Diagram | Body Maps
At the elbow, it connects primarily to the ulna, as the forearms radial bone connects to the wrist. ... The humerus is the long bone in the upper arm. It is located between the elbow joint and the shoulder. ... The brachial artery travels most of the bones length, before it subdivides into the ulnar and radial arteries at the elbow. In ... At the elbow, it connects primarily to the ulna, as the forearms radial bone connects to the wrist. At the shoulder, the ...
healthline.com
Middle-Third Forearm Fractures: Practice Essentials, Anatomy, EtiologyMiddle-Third Forearm Fractures: Practice Essentials, Anatomy, Etiology
The middle third of the radius stretches from the radial bow to the beginning of diaphyseal straightening. ... forearm fractures are classified by location, being categorized as proximal, middle, or distal third fractures. ... Distally, the radius articulates with the carpal bones in the wrist.. The ulna serves as the axis around which the radius ... The ulnar shaft is located on the medial aspect of the forearm. Distally, the ulnar shaft broadens to form the ulnar head and ...
emedicine.medscape.com
Intersection Syndrome: The Subtle Squeak of an Overused Wrist | American Board of Family MedicineIntersection Syndrome: The Subtle Squeak of an Overused Wrist | American Board of Family Medicine
... over the distal radial-ulnar junction, or along the boney prominences of the radius or ulna. No palpable mass was felt within ... Wrist pain is a common complaint in ambulatory medicine.1 This patients atraumatic distal forearm pain with an insidious onset ... She experienced no pain upon palpation over the metacarpals, the anatomic snuffbox (scaphoid bone), along the first metacarpal- ... Ulnar deviation of her wrist while holding her thumb into her palm in a clinched fist, the Finkelstein test (FT), was painful. ...
jabfm.org
With a broken elbow, how long will it remain painful at the wrist when turning a key ignition or door knobs? Wrist hurts 3...With a broken elbow, how long will it remain painful at the wrist when turning a key ignition or door knobs? Wrist hurts 3...
... the wrist will ensure that the distal radial ulnar joint was not involved in your accident and be a separate reason your wrist ... radius and ulna). This can lead to pain in the forearm with pronation/supination (palm up/palm down). X-rays performed of ... This runs between the bones in the forearm ( ... This runs between the bones in the forearm (radius and ulna). ... This runs between the bones in the forearm (radius and ulna). This can lead to pain in the forearm with pronation/supination ( ...
healthtap.com
Hand and Arm Disorders Program | Childrens Hospital of PhiladelphiaHand and Arm Disorders Program | Children's Hospital of Philadelphia
Ulnar club hand: The ulna forearm bone wasnt formed properly during prenatal development, leading to an abnormally bent wrist. ... Radioulnar synostosis: An abnormal fusion of the bones in the forearm.. *Radial club hand: The radius bone in the forearm is ... Tumors such as bone tumors, endochondroma, osteochondroma, sarcoma, skin cancer, hemangioma, ganglion cyst and soft tissue ... Madelung deformity: An abnormally aligned wrist.. *Erbs Palsy: A form of paralysis caused by trauma to the upper brachial ...
chop.edu
Bones of Shoulder Girdle and Arm Assignment HelpBones of Shoulder Girdle and Arm Assignment Help
If you want bones of shoulder girdle and arm assignment help, contact the team of learned and experienced tutors from ... When the head of radius articulate with radial notch of ulna, proximal radioulnar joint is formed. Similarly, when the ulnar ... Wrist joint. It is the joint between forearm and the hand. It is distally formed by proximal rows of carpal bones (except ... The joint shell of wrist joint is two layered. Outer layer attaches to ulna and carpal bones (proximal row) whereas the ...
assignmenthelp.net
ADJUSTING GENERAL DAMAGES VALUES USING EQUALIZATION VALUES - Scalet, FrankADJUSTING GENERAL DAMAGES VALUES USING EQUALIZATION VALUES - Scalet, Frank
Lacerations of the elbow or forearm requiring nerve repair 3rddegree nerve injury to the radial or ulnar nerves ... a closed claim relating to a broken radius bone may be found to match a candidate claim relating to a broken ulna bone. A match ... 3. Amputation at the elbow Elbow, forearm and upper arm amputations. *4. Amputation at the forearm Hand, wrist, elbow, forearm ... 5. Amputations of the hand or wrist Hand, wrist, forearm or elbow amputations ...
freepatentsonline.com
Orange County Broken Bone Injury Lawyers | 714-783-2205 | $0 ConsultationOrange County Broken Bone Injury Lawyers | 714-783-2205 | $0 Consultation
Contact our Orange County broken bone injury attorneys today. ... Broken bones can make it difficult to get back to work let ... The forearm is made up of the two long bones called the radial and the ulna. These bones often break due to falls or trauma ... not near the wrist or the elbow) then it is called a radial shaft break or ulnar shaft break. Radial head breaks are when the ... lunate bone, triquetrum bone, and pisiform bone and the other has the trapezium bone, trapezoid bone, capitate bone, and the ...
damfirm.com
Properly Coordinate Your Wrist CodingProperly Coordinate Your Wrist Coding
... and procedures requires a solid working knowledge of wrist, hand, and distal forearm anatomy. ... a shortening of the ulnar bone (25390 Osteoplasty, radius OR ulna; shortening) may be performed to relieve pressure on the TFCC ... De Quervains disease (radial styloid tenosynovitis) is an inflammation of the first dorsal extensor compartment; this is ... Match Wrist Parts to Diagnosis Codes. The wrist, or carpus, contains eight carpal bones. There are three bones in the proximal ...
aapc.com
Radioulnar fusion for forearm defects in children - a salvage procedureRadioulnar fusion for forearm defects in children - a salvage procedure
J Bone Joint Surg 1976; 58A:467-75. [ Links ]. 10. Kitano K, Tada K. One bone forearm procedure for partial defects of the ulna ... One child had a radial articular tilt of 45°. The procedure achieved stability at the wrist and elbow. There was cosmetic and ... J Bone Joint Surg 1975;56A:1223-27. [ Links ]. 9. Ogden JA, Watson HK, Bohne W. Ulnar dysmelia. ... J Bone Joint Surg 1982;64B:454-5. [ Links ]. 15. Murray RA. The One-Bone Forearm. J Bone Joint Surgery 1955;37A:366-70. [ Links ...
scielo.org.za
Carpal Fractures: Practice Essentials, Anatomy, PathophysiologyCarpal Fractures: Practice Essentials, Anatomy, Pathophysiology
Because treatment varies depending on the carpal element involved, fractures of the various bones are discussed individually. ... Located between the forearm and hand, the wrist extends from the insertion of the pronator quadratus on the radius and ulna ... The vascular supply to the wrist begins with the radial and ulnar arteries, as well as the anterior and posterior interosseous ... A carpal fracture is a fracture of one or more of the carpal bones of the wrist. [1] Because treatment varies depending on the ...
emedicine.medscape.com
Elbow-joint - Human AnatomyElbow-joint - Human Anatomy
... by which the head of the radius is bound to the radial notch of the ulna, and which prevents any separation of the two bones ... and the ulnar notch on the lower end of the radius travels around the lower end of the ulna. The latter bone is excluded from ... the axes of the arm and forearm are not in the same line; the arm forms an obtuse angle with the forearm, the hand and forearm ... assisted by the Extensors of the wrist, the Extensor digitorum communis, and the Extensor digiti quinti proprius.. ...
theodora.com
Wrist muscles | Article about Wrist muscles by The Free DictionaryWrist muscles | Article about Wrist muscles by The Free Dictionary
The radius and ulna are the skeletal... Explanation of Wrist muscles ... Find out information about Wrist muscles. the part of the arm from the elbow to the wrist the part of the human upper limb from ... Deep vessels and nerves are found in the intermuscular spaces of the forearm. These include the radial and ulnar arteries and ... The bones of the forearm serve as points of attachment of the muscles that move the shoulder, wrist, and fingers. ...
encyclopedia2.thefreedictionary.com
Arms and forearms Flashcards by Molly Victorine | BrainscapeArms and forearms Flashcards by Molly Victorine | Brainscape
Study Arms and forearms flashcards from Molly Victorine ... and coronoid process of ulna; Radial head: superior half of ... Medial part: ulnar nerve (C8 and T1); Lateral part: anterior interosseous branch of median nerve (C8 and T1) (C8, T1) ... Extends medial four digits at metacarpophalangeal joints; Extends hand at wrist joint ... attached at both ends to ulna and straps radius against ulna. -radius pivots around ulna. -ulna remains stable and cannot ...
brainscape.com
Injuries and Treatment for Ligaments in Elbow JointsInjuries and Treatment for Ligaments in Elbow Joints
The ligament helps to keep your radius in place as you rotate your forearm when you turn your hand and wrist over. ... The elbow joint is formed by three bones: the humerus, radius, and ulna. Articulations between the trochlea of the humerus with ... Three ligaments are present in the elbow joint: the ulnar collateral ligament, the radial collateral ligament, and the annular ... After a ligament injury to your elbow, you may also benefit from strengthening exercises for your forearm and wrist to help ...
verywellhealth.com
Elbow Bones Anatomy, Diagram & Function | Body MapsElbow Bones Anatomy, Diagram & Function | Body Maps
Connected to the bones by tendons, muscles move those bones in several ways. ... is a joint formed by the union of three major bones supported by ligaments. ... Ulna: This forearm bone runs from the elbow to the "pinkie" side of the wrist. ... The elbow bones are held together primarily by fibrous tissue known as ligaments. The ulnar collateral ligament, or UCL, on the ...
healthline.com
AnatomyDiseasesChemicals and DrugsAnalytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and EquipmentPhenomena and ProcessesAnthropology, Education, Sociology and Social PhenomenaTechnology, Industry, AgricultureHealth Care
UlnaFree Tissue FlapsSurgical FlapsTransplant Donor SiteReconstructive Surgical ProceduresWristUlna FracturesForearmBone and BonesWrist JointWrist InjuriesBone RemodelingBone DensityRadiusForearm InjuriesRadial ArteryBone ResorptionBone MarrowBone NeoplasmsBone DevelopmentRadius FracturesBone Marrow CellsBone DiseasesCarcinoma, Squamous CellRadial NerveRetrospective StudiesBone TransplantationBone RegenerationSupinationFractures, BonePronationCarpal BonesBone MatrixBone Marrow TransplantationElbow JointBone Diseases, MetabolicBone SubstitutesOsteogenesisDiaphysesRegional Blood FlowBone Morphogenetic ProteinsMonteggia's FractureRadial NeuropathyHumerusBone Morphogenetic Protein 2HandBone PlatesPlethysmographyBiomechanical PhenomenaFemurArm BonesTemporal BoneGymnasticsRange of Motion, ArticularOsteoporosisForelimbFracture HealingFractures, MalunitedLunate BoneParietal BoneWeight-BearingBone CystsMetacarpal BonesHand StrengthKeratotomy, RadialOsteoblastsX-Ray MicrotomographyTibiaAlveolar Bone LossBone CementsPeriosteumPseudarthrosisFractures, UnunitedFracture Fixation, InternalArmCasts, SurgicalDislocationsMedian NerveCarpal JointsOsteoclastsElbowCadaverMovementOsteocytesUlnar ArteryFractures, ClosedAbsorptiometry, PhotonOsteotomyTime FactorsVasodilationBone Marrow DiseasesMuscle, SkeletalHand InjuriesUlnar Nerve Compression SyndromesHaversian SystemStress, MechanicalBrachial ArterySplintsFrontal BoneElectromyographyOsteocalcinTreatment OutcomeCalcification, PhysiologicBone Morphogenetic Protein 7Bone WiresTenosynovitisUlnar NerveTriangular FibrocartilageCompressive StrengthCumulative Trauma DisordersFractures, ComminutedCarpal Tunnel SyndromeBones of Upper ExtremityLeg BonesAlkaline PhosphataseCell DifferentiationBone Marrow NeoplasmsBone NailsBone Marrow ExaminationPelvic BonesTomography, X-Ray ComputedFibulaOsteomyelitisHyperemiaomega-N-MethylarginineVascular ResistanceNitroprussideSkullLigaments, ArticularFingersFollow-Up StudiesTendonsMetacarpusCarpus, Animal
NerveMedialAnatomyStyloid processPosteriorDeviationSupination of the forearmExtensorDistallyTendonsJointsElbow and wristArticularProximallyInstabilityCoronoidFractures of the radius andRadiographsFlexor carpi uArticulatesNotchShaftPisiformSide of the ulnaDislocation of the radial headAnnularProximal end of the ulnaArticulateVolarLunateExtendsInterosseousOlecranon processRadius and the ulnaHumeral and ulnarRadioulnar jointUpper limb
Nerve52
Medial25
Anatomy18
Styloid process8
Posterior20
Deviation9
Supination of the forearm6
Extensor14
Distally3
Tendons15
Joints23
Elbow and wrist4
Articular10
Proximally1
Instability4
Coronoid4
Fractures of the radius and2
Radiographs4
Flexor carpi u3
  • it is the attachment site of the common flexor tendon which is the origin for the superficial group of forearm flexor muscles (pronator teres m., flexor carpi radialis m., palmaris longus m., flexor carpi ulnaris m. and flexor digitorum superficialis m. (umich.edu)
  • a sesamoid bone in the tendon of the flexor carpi ulnaris m. (umich.edu)
  • It works in conjunction with the flexor carpi ulnaris muscle during the adduction of the wrist, meaning when the wrist bends toward the body's midline. (chape.fitness)
Articulates7
Notch5
Shaft10
Pisiform2
Side of the ulna2
Dislocation of the radial head6
Annular3
Proximal end of the ulna1
Articulate1
Volar1
Lunate1
Extends4
Interosseous5
Olecranon process1
Radius and the ulna3
Humeral and ulnar2
  • Although the humeral and ulnar bones do flex and extend much like the hinge on a door, the humeral and radial articulations are much more complex. (erikdalton.com)
  • Semi-constrained implants have a humeral and ulnar component linked together in a hinged joint. (businessinsider.com)
Radioulnar joint3
Upper limb3