Quinolones
4-Quinolones
Anti-Infective Agents
Ofloxacin
Microbial Sensitivity Tests
Norfloxacin
Topoisomerase II Inhibitors
DNA Gyrase
A bacterial DNA topoisomerase II that catalyzes ATP-dependent breakage of both strands of DNA, passage of the unbroken strands through the breaks, and rejoining of the broken strands. Gyrase binds to DNA as a heterotetramer consisting of two A and two B subunits. In the presence of ATP, gyrase is able to convert the relaxed circular DNA duplex into a superhelix. In the absence of ATP, supercoiled DNA is relaxed by DNA gyrase.
DNA Topoisomerase IV
A bacterial DNA topoisomerase II that catalyzes ATP-dependent breakage of both strands of DNA, passage of the unbroken strands through the breaks, and rejoining of the broken strands. Topoisomerase IV binds to DNA as a heterotetramer consisting 2 parC and 2 parE subunits. Topoisomerase IV is a decatenating enzyme that resolves interlinked daughter chromosomes following DNA replication.
Enoxacin
Nalidixic Acid
Drug Resistance, Microbial
DNA Topoisomerases, Type II
Pefloxacin
Drug Resistance, Bacterial
Fleroxacin
DNA, Superhelical
Oxolinic Acid
Escherichia coli
A species of gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic, rod-shaped bacteria (GRAM-NEGATIVE FACULTATIVELY ANAEROBIC RODS) commonly found in the lower part of the intestine of warm-blooded animals. It is usually nonpathogenic, but some strains are known to produce DIARRHEA and pyogenic infections. Pathogenic strains (virotypes) are classified by their specific pathogenic mechanisms such as toxins (ENTEROTOXIGENIC ESCHERICHIA COLI), etc.
Staphylococcus aureus
Dermatitis, Phototoxic
Streptococcus pneumoniae
Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial
Macrolides
Gram-Negative Bacteria
Bacteria
One of the three domains of life (the others being Eukarya and ARCHAEA), also called Eubacteria. They are unicellular prokaryotic microorganisms which generally possess rigid cell walls, multiply by cell division, and exhibit three principal forms: round or coccal, rodlike or bacillary, and spiral or spirochetal. Bacteria can be classified by their response to OXYGEN: aerobic, anaerobic, or facultatively anaerobic; by the mode by which they obtain their energy: chemotrophy (via chemical reaction) or PHOTOTROPHY (via light reaction); for chemotrophs by their source of chemical energy: CHEMOLITHOTROPHY (from inorganic compounds) or chemoorganotrophy (from organic compounds); and by their source for CARBON; NITROGEN; etc.; HETEROTROPHY (from organic sources) or AUTOTROPHY (from CARBON DIOXIDE). They can also be classified by whether or not they stain (based on the structure of their CELL WALLS) with CRYSTAL VIOLET dye: gram-negative or gram-positive.
Novobiocin
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Mutation
Bartonella bacilliformis
Evodia
Mycobacterium fortuitum
Structure-Activity Relationship
Drug Resistance, Multiple
Tetracyclines
Ornidazole
Aminoglycosides
Cephalosporins
Neisseria gonorrhoeae
Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections
beta-Lactams
Four-membered cyclic AMIDES, best known for the PENICILLINS based on a bicyclo-thiazolidine, as well as the CEPHALOSPORINS based on a bicyclo-thiazine, and including monocyclic MONOBACTAMS. The BETA-LACTAMASES hydrolyze the beta lactam ring, accounting for BETA-LACTAM RESISTANCE of infective bacteria.
Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole Combination
Quinazolinones
Plasmids
Chloramphenicol
An antibiotic first isolated from cultures of Streptomyces venequelae in 1947 but now produced synthetically. It has a relatively simple structure and was the first broad-spectrum antibiotic to be discovered. It acts by interfering with bacterial protein synthesis and is mainly bacteriostatic. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 29th ed, p106)
Bronchitis, Chronic
Lactams
Bacteroides fragilis
Enterobacteriaceae
A family of gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic, rod-shaped bacteria that do not form endospores. Its organisms are distributed worldwide with some being saprophytes and others being plant and animal parasites. Many species are of considerable economic importance due to their pathogenic effects on agriculture and livestock.
SOS Response (Genetics)
An error-prone mechanism or set of functions for repairing damaged microbial DNA. SOS functions (a concept reputedly derived from the SOS of the international distress signal) are involved in DNA repair and mutagenesis, in cell division inhibition, in recovery of normal physiological conditions after DNA repair, and possibly in cell death when DNA damage is extensive.
Mycobacterium avium Complex
A complex that includes several strains of M. avium. M. intracellulare is not easily distinguished from M. avium and therefore is included in the complex. These organisms are most frequently found in pulmonary secretions from persons with a tuberculous-like mycobacteriosis. Strains of this complex have also been associated with childhood lymphadenitis and AIDS; M. avium alone causes tuberculosis in a variety of birds and other animals, including pigs.
Ureaplasma
Imipenem
Semisynthetic thienamycin that has a wide spectrum of antibacterial activity against gram-negative and gram-positive aerobic and anaerobic bacteria, including many multiresistant strains. It is stable to beta-lactamases. Clinical studies have demonstrated high efficacy in the treatment of infections of various body systems. Its effectiveness is enhanced when it is administered in combination with CILASTATIN, a renal dipeptidase inhibitor.
Stenotrophomonas maltophilia
Colony Count, Microbial
Enumeration by direct count of viable, isolated bacterial, archaeal, or fungal CELLS or SPORES capable of growth on solid CULTURE MEDIA. The method is used routinely by environmental microbiologists for quantifying organisms in AIR; FOOD; and WATER; by clinicians for measuring patients' microbial load; and in antimicrobial drug testing.
Klebsiella pneumoniae
Drug Utilization
Bacterial Outer Membrane Proteins
Mycobacterium
Spiro Compounds
Viridans Streptococci
A large heterogeneous group of mostly alpha-hemolytic streptococci. They colonize the respiratory tract at birth and generally have a low degree of pathogenicity. This group of species includes STREPTOCOCCUS MITIS; STREPTOCOCCUS MUTANS; STREPTOCOCCUS ORALIS; STREPTOCOCCUS SANGUIS; STREPTOCOCCUS SOBRINUS; and the STREPTOCOCCUS MILLERI GROUP. The latter are often beta-hemolytic and commonly produce invasive pyogenic infections including brain and abdominal abscesses.
Enterobacter cloacae
Erythromycin
A bacteriostatic antibiotic macrolide produced by Streptomyces erythreus. Erythromycin A is considered its major active component. In sensitive organisms, it inhibits protein synthesis by binding to 50S ribosomal subunits. This binding process inhibits peptidyl transferase activity and interferes with translocation of amino acids during translation and assembly of proteins.
Urinary Tract Infections
Rifampin
A semisynthetic antibiotic produced from Streptomyces mediterranei. It has a broad antibacterial spectrum, including activity against several forms of Mycobacterium. In susceptible organisms it inhibits DNA-dependent RNA polymerase activity by forming a stable complex with the enzyme. It thus suppresses the initiation of RNA synthesis. Rifampin is bactericidal, and acts on both intracellular and extracellular organisms. (From Gilman et al., Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 9th ed, p1160)
beta-Lactamases
Salmonella paratyphi A
Citrobacter
Cilastatin
A renal dehydropeptidase-I and leukotriene D4 dipeptidase inhibitor. Since the antibiotic, IMIPENEM, is hydrolyzed by dehydropeptidase-I, which resides in the brush border of the renal tubule, cilastatin is administered with imipenem to increase its effectiveness. The drug also inhibits the metabolism of leukotriene D4 to leukotriene E4.
Mutation of a conserved serine residue in a quinolone-resistant type II topoisomerase alters the enzyme-DNA and drug interactions. (1/2071)
A Ser740 --> Trp mutation in yeast topoisomerase II (top2) and of the equivalent Ser83 in gyrase results in resistance to quinolones and confers hypersensitivity to etoposide (VP-16). We characterized the cleavage complexes induced by the top2(S740W) in the human c-myc gene. In addition to resistance to the fluoroquinolone CP-115,953, top2(S740W) induced novel DNA cleavage sites in the presence of VP-16, azatoxin, amsacrine, and mitoxantrone. Analysis of the VP-16 sites indicated that the changes in the cleavage pattern were reflected by alterations in base preference. C at position -2 and G at position +6 were observed for the top2(S740W) in addition to the previously reported C-1 and G+5 for the wild-type top2. The VP-16-induced top2(S740W) cleavage complexes were also more stable. The most stable sites had strong preference for C-1, whereas the most reversible sites showed no base preference at positions -1 or -2. Different patterns of DNA cleavage were also observed in the absence of drug and in the presence of calcium. These results indicate that the Ser740 --> Trp mutation alters the DNA recognition of top2, enhances its DNA binding, and markedly affects its interactions with inhibitors. Thus, residue 740 of top2 appears critical for both DNA and drug interactions. (+info)Vasopressin V2 receptor enhances gain of baroreflex in conscious spontaneously hypertensive rats. (2/2071)
The aim of the present study was to determine the receptor subtype involved in arginine vasopressin (AVP)-induced modulation of baroreflex function in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rats using novel nonpeptide AVP V1- and V2-receptor antagonists. Baroreceptor heart rate (HR) reflex was investigated in both SHR and WKY rats which were intravenously administered the selective V1- and V2-receptor antagonists OPC-21268 and OPC-31260, respectively. Baroreflex function was assessed by obtaining alternate pressor and depressor responses to phenylephrine and sodium nitroprusside, respectively, to construct baroreflex curves. In both SHR and WKY rats baroreflex activity was tested before and after intravenous administration of vehicle (20% DMSO), OPC-21268 (10 mg/kg), and OPC-31260 (1 and 10 mg/kg). Vehicle did not significantly alter basal mean arterial pressure (MAP) and HR values or baroreflex function in SHR or WKY rats. The V1-receptor antagonist had no significant effect on resting MAP or HR values or on baroreflex parameters in both groups of rats, although this dose was shown to significantly inhibit the pressor response to AVP (5 ng iv; ANOVA, P < 0.05). In SHR but not WKY rats the V2-receptor antagonist significantly attenuated the gain (or slope) of the baroreflex curve (to 73 +/- 3 and 79 +/- 7% of control for 1 and 10 mg/kg, respectively), although AVP-induced pressor responses were also attenuated with the higher dose of the V2-receptor antagonist. These findings suggest that AVP tonically enhances baroreflex function through a V2 receptor in the SHR. (+info)Carrier-mediated lung distribution of HSR-903, a new quinolone antibacterial agent. (3/2071)
HSR-903 [(S)-(-)-5-amino-7-(7-amino-5-azaspiro[2. 4]hept-5-yl)-1-cyclopropyl-6-fluoro-1, 4-dihydro-8-methyl-4-oxoquinoline-3-carboxylic acid methanesulfonate] is a newly synthesized quinolone with a potent antibacterial activity and a low toxicity. The lung concentration of unchanged HSR-903 was about nine times higher than that in plasma after oral administration (5 mg/kg) in rats. In comparative studies, HSR-903 was accumulated more efficiently than levofloxacin, ciprofloxacin, and lomefloxacin in rat lung. To clarify the mechanism of the specific distribution of HSR-903 into the lung, the uptake of [14C]HSR-903 was studied using isolated rat lung cells and an isolated rat lung perfusion technique. Initial uptake of HSR-903 by isolated lung cells was temperature dependent, saturable, stereospecific, and Na+ and Cl- dependent. The Hill coefficients (1. 90 for Na+ and 1.13 for Cl-) suggest that two Na+ and one Cl- are associated with the transport of one HSR-903 molecule. The uptake of HSR-903 was inhibited by other quinolone antibacterial agents, grepafloxacin, and sparfloxacin. The extraction ratio of HSR-903 in isolated lung perfusion was temperature dependent and saturable. These findings suggest that HSR-903 is taken up by the lung cells via a carrier-mediated transport mechanism, resulting in a concentrative distribution into the lung. (+info)Activation of a cGMP-stimulated cAMP phosphodiesterase by protein kinase C in a liver Golgi-endosomal fraction. (4/2071)
The ability of Ca2+/phospholipid-dependent protein kinase (protein kinase C, PKC) to stimulate cAMP phosphodiesterase (PDE) activity in a liver Golgi-endosomal (GE) fraction was examined in vivo and in a cell-free system. Injection into rats of 4 beta-phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate, a known activator of PKC, caused a rapid and marked increase in PKC activity (+325% at 10 min) in the GE fraction, along with an increase in the abundance of the PKC alpha-isoform as seen on Western immunoblots. Concurrently, 4 beta-phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate treatment caused a time-dependent increase in cAMP PDE activity in the GE fraction (96% at 30 min). Addition of the catalytic subunit of protein kinase A (PKA) to GE fractions from control and 4 beta-phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate-treated rats led to a comparable increase (130-150%) in PDE activity, suggesting that PKA is probably not involved in the in-vivo effect of 4 beta-phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate. In contrast, addition of purified PKC increased (twofold) PDE activity in GE fractions from control rats but affected only slightly the activity in GE fractions from 4 beta-phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate-treated rats. About 50% of the Triton-X-100-solubilized cAMP PDE activity in the GE fraction was immunoprecipitated with an anti-PDE3 antibody. On DEAE-Sephacel chromatography, three peaks of PDE were sequentially eluted: one early peak, which was stimulated by cGMP and inhibited by erythro-9 (2-hydroxy-3-nonyl) adenine (EHNA); a selective inhibitor of type 2 PDEs; and two retarded peaks of activity, which were potently inhibited by cGMP and cilostamide, an inhibitor of type 3 PDEs. Further characterization of peak I by HPLC resolved a major peak which was activated (threefold) by 5 microM cGMP and inhibited (87%) by 25 microM EHNA, and a minor peak which was insensitive to EHNA and cilostamide. 4 beta-Phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate treatment caused a selective increase (2.5-fold) in the activity associated with DEAE-Sephacel peak I, without changing the K(m) value. These results suggest that PKC selectively activates a PDE2, cGMP-stimulated isoform in the GE fraction. (+info)A mutation in QRDR in the ParC subunit of topoisomerase IV was responsible for fluoroquinolone resistance in clinical isolates of Streptococcus pneumoniae. (5/2071)
Forty-one strains of Streptococcus pneumoniae were isolated at Seoul National University Children's Hospital from 1991 to 1997. Isolates were divided into six groups based on MICs of three quinolones, ciprofloxacin, ofloxacin and norfloxacin. Sequencing showed that the isolates which were intermediately resistant to three quinolones or resistant to at least one kind of quinolone had one missense mutation, Lys137-->Asn(AAG-->AAT) substitution in the ParC subunit of topoisomerase IV without additional mutation in QRDR of the GyrA subunit of DNA gyrase. In conclusion, the ParC subunit of DNA topoisomerase IV is the primary target site for fluoroquinolone in S. pneumoniae and Lys137-->Asn substitution renders the quinolone resistance in S. pneumoniae. (+info)Inflammatory pseudotumor in a cat with cutaneous mycobacteriosis. (6/2071)
A 5-year-old, castrated male, domestic Shorthair Cat had an ulcerated mass with fistulous tracts on the left hind paw. Homogeneous tan tissue diffusely infiltrated the dermis and subcutis of the paw and extended proximally so that, short of amputation, complete excision was not feasible. Biopsy specimens consisted of granulation tissue with marked proliferation of spindle cells. Neutrophils and histiocytic cells were scattered among the spindle cells. The histiocytic cells had abundant foamy or vacuolated cytoplasm, but features of granulomatous inflammation, such as epithelioid macrophages or granuloma formation, were not observed. The initial impression was inflammatory granulation tissue, but the degree of fibroplasia prompted inclusion of fibrosarcoma in the differential diagnosis. Cutaneous mycobacteriosis was diagnosed when numerous acid-fast bacteria were identified with Kinyoun's stain; Mycobacterium avium was subsequently cultured. The cat was euthanatized because of lack of response to enrofloxacin therapy. At necropsy, lesions were localized to the hind limb. Not only is mycobacteriosis an uncommon cause of cutaneous masses in cats, but this case was unusual because of the lack of granuloma formation and the similarity of the mass to a spindle cell tumor. (+info)Indomethacin-induced gastric antral damage in hamsters: are neutrophils involved? (7/2071)
BACKGROUND: A direct role for neutrophils in the pathophysiology of indomethacin-induced gastric damage is controversial. Therefore, such damage was evaluated in hamsters. METHODS: Gastric antral damage was evaluated 4 h after the oro-gastric administration of indomethacin (30 mg/kg). Prior to indomethacin, hamsters were treated with various pharmacological agents: rebamipide, methotrexate or anti-neutrophil serum (ANS). The number of circulating neutrophils was determined from Wright-Giemsa stained blood smears. Myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity was measured as a marker of gastric antral neutrophil infiltration. RESULTS: Indomethacin caused primarily gastric antral damage. By histology, this damage did not penetrate the muscularis mucosa. A significant increase in gastric antral MPO activity was also found in indomethacin-treated hamsters. Rebamipide decreased macroscopic gastric antral damage in a dose-related fashion. Methotrexate treatment reduced the circulating blood neutrophil number by 38-44%, but did not affect gastric damage. ANS treatment resulted in near complete neutropenia, and also in a substantial reduction (84%) in gastric antral MPO activity. However, gastric antral damage was not significantly altered by ANS. CONCLUSIONS: Neutrophils are not directly involved in the pathophysiology of indomethacin-induced damage to the hamster gastric antrum. (+info)Pharmacodynamic effects of subinhibitory concentrations of rufloxacin on bacterial virulence factors. (8/2071)
It has been reported that subinhibitory concentrations (sub-MICs) of some fluoroquinolones are still capable of affecting the topological characteristics of DNA (inhibition DNA-gyrase) and that this leads to a reduction in some of the factors responsible for bacterial virulence (by means of the disruption of protein synthesis and alterations in phenotype expression), even though the microorganisms themselves are not killed. The present study investigated the ability of sub-MICs of rufloxacin, an orally absorbed monofluorinated quinolone with a long half-life (28 to 30 h), to interfere with the bacterial virulence parameters of adhesiveness, hemagglutination, hydrophobicity, motility, and filamentation, as well as their interactions with host neutrophilic defenses such as phagocytosis, killing, and oxidative bursts. It was observed that Escherichia coli adhesiveness was significantly reduced at rufloxacin concentrations of 1/32 MIC, hemagglutination and hydrophobicity were significantly reduced at concentrations of, respectively, 1/4 MIC and 1/8 MIC, and motility was significantly reduced at concentrations of 1/16 MIC; filamentation was still present at concentrations of 1/4 MIC. Phagocytosis was not affected, but killing significantly increased from 1/2 MIC to 1/8 MIC; oxidative bursts measured by means of chemiluminescence were not affected. The fact that sub-MICs are still effective in interfering with the parameters of bacterial virulence is useful information that needs to be correlated with pharmacokinetic data in order to extend our knowledge of the most effective concentrations that can be used to optimize treatment schedules, for example, single administrations, particularly in noncomplicated lower urinary tract infections. (+info)
Plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance determinants among Gram-negative bacteraemia isolates: a hidden threat | Microbiology...
High incidence of plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance genes among ciprofloxacin-resistant clinical isolates of...
Profiles of gyrA Mutations and Plasmid-Mediated Quinolone Resistance G | IDR
7-(4-[4-(2,3-Dichlorophenyl)-1-piperazinyl]butyloxy)-3,4-dihydro-2(1H)-quinolinone (OPC-14597), a new putative antipsychotic...
Buy Aripiprazole Online Low Cost At Online Pharmacy. Aripiprazole And Alopecia
Broad Dissemination of Plasmid-Mediated Quinolone Resistance Genes in Sediments of Two Urban Coastal Wetlands
Prevalence of quinolone resistance mechanisms and associations to minimum inhibitory concentrations in quinolone-resistant...
Microbiology Society Journals | Detection of mutations in the gyrA and parC genes in Escherichia coli isolates carrying plasmid...
1-(2-(1H-1,2,3,4-tetrazol-5-yl)ethyl)-5,7-dimethoxy-3-(4-methoxyphenyl)-1,2-dihydro-2-quinolinone
Summary Report |...
Adjunctive Aripiprazole Treatment Can Improve Outcomes in MDD - Psychiatry Advisor
Chronic administration of aripiprazole activates GSK3β-dependent signa by Bo Pan, Xu-Feng Huang et al.
Detection of qnr in Clinical Isolates of Escherichia coli from Korea | Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy
Influence of long-term oral application of quinolones on the ECG curve in dogs
Plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance in non-Typhi serotypes of Salmonella enterica. - PubMed - NCBI
Qingres-An academic Publisher
Mexlo Tablet 400 mg - E-Medicine - Medicine in a click
levaquin 650 mg quinolone antibiotic
Aripiprazole | SpringerLink
CAS NO 22246-18-0 | Sandoo Pharmaceutical
Quinolone - wikidoc
L7 Laquinimod in the R6/2 mouse model of huntingtons disease | Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry
Open-label Study to Compare Hospitalization Rates of Schizophrenic Patients Treated With Oral Antipsychotics Versus IM Depot...
Squaring up to DNA: pentapeptide repeat proteins and DNA mimicry | SpringerLink
3:19 am
Tipifarnib in Treating Patients With Relapsed or Refractory Acute Myeloid Leukemia - Full Text View - ClinicalTrials.gov
Indications of quinolone antibiotics restricted following EU-wide safety review | MIMS online
Aripiprazole Oral Solution (Aripiprazole Oral Solution): Uses, Dosage, Side Effects, Interactions, Warning
Side Effects of Aripiprazole Oral Solution (Aripiprazole Oral Solution), Warnings, Uses
What Is Pharmacology - Aripiprazole - Medicalrealm
An sRNA Screen for Reversal of Quinolone Resistance in Escherichia coli | G3: Genes | Genomes | Genetics
Overview of Quinolones (Example) - MindMeister
Quinolones | Spectrum Chemical
Spectrophotometric Determination of Quinolones by Charge Transfer
Complexation with Chloranilic Acid: Synthesis and...
Aripiprazole Intermediates Manufacturers, Suppliers, Exporters in Nasik, India
80% Off Aripiprazole Coupons & Discounts You Can Use in 2018
Cost medicamento
A Long-term, Multicenter, Open-Label Study to Evaluate the Safety and Tolerability of Flexible-Dose Oral Aripiprazole (OPC...
Suzannes Replies | MDS Foundation | Page 44
Aripiprazole (APP) Rapid Tests-Hangzhou Biotest Biotech Co., LTD
Aripiprazole - Healthery
Aripiprazole | MCE 生命科学试剂服务商
Buy Microxin (Norfloxacin) Online
Buy Noprose (Norfloxacin) Online
Buy Noroxin Online
How to Purchase Low Price Abilify 10 mg 2018 - 重要規章 - 天堂Z
The Effects of Baytril
TV 7569 Pill Images (Blue / Capsule-shape)
Palmatine Is a Plasmid-Mediated Quinolone Resistance (PMQR) Inhibitor | IDR
Quinolones | definition of quinolones by Medical dictionary
Quinolone antibacterial drugs,Prulifloxacin,123447-62-1, View 123447-62-1, guo kang Product Details from Baoji Guokang Bio...
Quinolones 101 - Quinolone Vigilance Foundation
Social Network - Blog View - Lomefloxacin Pharmacie Acheter - Ou Acheter Du Maxaquin A Lyon
Chemical structure and pharmacokinetics of novel quinolone agents represented by avarofloxacin, delafloxacin, finafloxacin,...
Treatment of spontaneous EAE by laquinimod reduces Tfh, B cell aggregates, and disease progression | Neurology Neuroimmunology ...
Prevalence of Quinolone Resistance Genes Among Extended-Spectrum B-Lactamase-Producing Escherichia coli in Mashhad, Iran |...
Arsenic in the structure of Crystal Structure of A Pentapeptide Repeat Protein (RFR23) From the Cyanobacterium Cyanothece 51142...
J Clin Psychiatry/Analysis of Suicidality in Pooled Data From 2 Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Aripiprazole Adjunctive...
Quinolone antibacterial agents. Synthesis and structure-activity relationships of 8-substituted quinoline-3-carboxylic acids...
Positive Phase 3 Study Results for TRIKAFTA® (elexacaftor/tezacaftor/ivacaftor and ivacaftor) in People Ages 12 and Older With...
Microbiological assay with Bacillus licheniformis for the easy detection of quinolones in milk - PubAg
Indian Patents. 233059:TRICYCLIC QUINOLINONE OR QUINOLINE-2(1H)-THIONE COMPOUNDS AS ANDROGEN RECEPTOR MODULATOR COMPOUNDS AND...
Structure Elucidation and Preliminary Assessment of Hydrolase Activity of PqsE, the
Pseudomonas
Quinolone Signal (PQS)...
Buy Aripiprazole Online
University of Birmingham research gateway
buy Zarnestra - Novel targets for Alzheimers disease treatment
Tevaripiprazole - NPS MedicineWise
Aripiprazole - HealthLibrary
warning that quinolone antibiotics can cause inflamed or ruptured tendons
Aripiprazole Tablet 5 Mg Supplier,Aripiprazole Tablet 5 Mg,Exporter
xmlui.ArtifactBrowser.ConfigurableBrowse.title.metadata.type
Beginners Guide - Health
Discovery of a small molecule dihydroquinolinone inhibitor with potent antiproliferative and antitumor activity results in...
Drug Treatment of Schizophrenia
Cognitive Improvement With Aripiprazole (Abilify) in Patients With Schizophrenia (BMS). - AdisInsight
Seguridad de las fluoroquinolonas: riesgos habitualmente olvidados para el clínico
bumps - best use of medicine in pregnancy
Aripiprazole in children and adolescents with conduct disorder: a single-center, open-label study
Aripiprazole market is accompanied with its constituent aripiprazole
8-(TRIFLUOROMETHYL)QUINOLIN-4-OL 23779-96-6 Chemical Properties Physical Properties
Pi Chemicals System - PI-10488 Cilostazol (73963-72-1)
China Supplier of Enrofloxacin Injection, Enrofloxacin Oral Solution
Arcapta Neohaler (indacaterol inhaled) dosing, indications, interactions, adverse effects, and more
How Does Indacaterol Work? - MedicineHow
Phase 3 Study of Laquinimod for Multiple Sclerosis - MPR
10 enrofloxacin, 10 enrofloxacin wholesale for sale page2 in Tradezz.com
Keynote Presentation: A Mechanistic Approach to Overcoming Antibacterial Drug Resistance
Aripiprazole and brexpiprazole Drug Interactions - Drugs.com
Aripiprazole dose for schizophrenia | Cochrane
Toxicity of Quinolones | Springer for Research & Development
Aripiprazole - WikiMDs free health, diet & wellness encyclopedia
Varilight V-Dim Series 3 Gang 40-250 Watt Dimmer [HDQ43S] - £31.77 : My Switch Shop, Varilight Dimmers, Varilight Switches &...
tipifarnib Archives - Medicine That Touches The WorldMedicine That Touches The World
All Faculty and Research Staff Publications | UW-Madison Department of Chemistry
Quinolone
... may refer to: 2-Quinolone 4-Quinolone Quinolone antibiotics This set index page lists chemical compounds articles ...
4-Quinolone
It and 2-quinolone are the two most important parent (meaning simplified) quinolones. 4-Quinolone exists in equilibrium with a ... The hydroxyquinolines tautomerize to the quinolones. Andriole, VT The Quinolones. Academic Press, 1989. Shi, Pengfei; Wang, ... the 4-quinolone antibiotics, represent a large class of important drugs. The chemical synthesis of quinolones often involves ... 4-Quinolone is an organic compound derived from quinoline. ... 4-quinolone is of little intrinsic value but its derivatives, ...
Quinolone antibiotic
... at Curlie Healthcare-associated Infections (HAIs)- Quinolones and the Clinical Laboratory CDC Information ... Although not formally a quinolone, nalidixic acid is considered the first quinolone drug. It was introduced in 1962 for ... A quinolone antibiotic is a member of a large group of broad-spectrum bacteriocidals that share a bicyclic core structure ... Quinolones should also not be given to people with a known hypersensitivity to the drug class. The basic pharmacophore, or ...
2-Quinolone
The isomer 4-quinolone is the parent of a large class of quinolone antibiotics. One example is Ravesilone. Tashima, Toshihiko ( ... 2-Quinolone is an organic compound related structurally to quinoline. It is the majority tautomer in equilibrium with 2- ... Media related to 2-Quinolone at Wikimedia Commons (Articles needing additional references from July 2017, All articles needing ...
Benzodiazepine withdrawal syndrome
Committee on Safety of Medicines; Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency (2008). "Quinolones". United Kingdom: ...
Sparfloxacin
... like other quinolones and fluoroquinolones, are bactericidal drugs, actively killing bacteria. Quinolones inhibit the bacterial ... Quinolones can enter cells easily and therefore are often used to treat intracellular pathogens such as Legionella pneumophila ... Quinolones Psaty, BM. (Dec 2008). "Clinical trial design and selected drug safety issues for antibiotics used to treat ...
Flumequine
Allergy to quinolones Eight cases of quinolone allergy F. F. Arboit 1, JC Bessot 2, F. Arboit 1, JC Bessot 2, F. De Blay 2, A. ... Although quinolones are highly toxic to mammalian cells in culture, its mechanism of cytotoxic action is not known. Quinolone ... Flumequine is the first quinolone compound with a fluorine atom at the C6-position of the related quinolone basic molecular ... Significant and harmful residues of quinolones have been found in animals treated with quinolones and later slaughtered and ...
Norfloxacin
Some quinolones exert an inhibitory effect on the cytochrome P-450 system, thereby reducing theophylline clearance and ... Quinolones, including norfloxacin, may enhance the effects of oral anticoagulants, including warfarin or its derivatives or ... The toxicity of drugs that are metabolised by the cytochrome P450 system is enhanced by concomitant use of some quinolones. ... quinolones for community-acquired pneumonia: meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials". Clin. Microbiol. Infect. 19 (4): ...
Ofloxacin
... is a quinolone antibiotic useful for the treatment of a number of bacterial infections. When taken by mouth or ... quinolones for community-acquired pneumonia: meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials". Clin. Microbiol. Infect. 19 (4): ... Drlica K, Zhao X (1 September 1997). "DNA gyrase, topoisomerase IV, and the 4-quinolones". Microbiol Mol Biol Rev. 61 (3): 377- ... Research and Development of Quinolones in Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd. Archived 2016-10-12 at the Wayback Machine Page accessed ...
Pazufloxacin
Quinolones Rubinstein E (2001). "History of quinolones and their side effects". Chemotherapy. 47 Suppl 3 (3): 3-8, discussion ...
Pefloxacin
... is a quinolone antibiotic used to treat bacterial infections. Pefloxacin has not been approved for use in the United ... Casparian JM, Luchi M, Moffat RE, Hinthorn D (May 2000). "Quinolones and tendon ruptures". South. Med. J. 93 (5): 488-91. doi: ... and the 4-quinolones". Microbiol Mol Biol Rev. 61 (3): 377-92. doi:10.1128/mmbr.61.3.377-392.1997. PMC 232616. PMID 9293187. ...
Tosufloxacin
Quinolones Rubinstein E (2001). "History of quinolones and their side effects". Chemotherapy. 47 Suppl 3 (3): 3-8, discussion ...
Leprosy in Japan
Recently new quinolones were added. Outpatient treatment has become possible even at the onset of the disease, and now we can ...
Balofloxacin
Quinolones Alksne L (February 2003). "Balofloxacin Choongwae". Current Opinion in Investigational Drugs. 4 (2): 224-9. PMID ...
Topoisomerase inhibitor
Despite quinolones ability to target TopII, they can also inhibit TopIV based on the organisms and type of quinolone. ... 1989) model of quinolone inhibitor binding proposed that, in each DNAgyrase-DNA complex, four quinolone molecules associate ... In particular, smaller quinolones have shown to bind with high affinity in the multi-drug efflux pump in Escherichia coli and ... Quinolones are amongst the most commonly used antibiotics for bacterial infections in humans, and are used to treat illness ...
Enterobacter
Quinolones can be an effective alternative. A 2012 study has shown that the presence of Enterobacter cloacae B29 in the gut of ...
Conrad-Limpach synthesis
1992). "Cytotoxicity of quinolones toward eukaryotic cells. Identification of topoisomerase II as the primary cellular target ... Although the reaction product is often shown as a hydroxyquinoline (the enol form), it is believed that the quinolone (keto ... The synthesis of 4-hydroxyquinolines and 4-quinolones is of great importance to a variety of fields, but most notably to the ... there is some discrepancy on whether a substituted 4-hydroxyquinoline or a substituted 4-quinolone is the final product of the ...
Lomefloxacin
Rubinstein E (2001). "History of quinolones and their side effects". Chemotherapy. 47 (Suppl 3): 3-8, discussion 44-8. doi: ...
Fleroxacin
As quinolones are known to induce arthropathy in juvenile animals, administration of the drug to breast-feeding women cannot be ... Fleroxacin is a quinolone antibiotic. It is sold under the brand names Quinodis and Megalocin. Fleroxacin is a bactericidal ... Like other quinolones and fluoroquinolones the compound eradicates bacteria by interfering with DNA replication (bacterial DNA ... Yoshida H, Nakamura M, Bogaki M, Ito H, Kojima T, Hattori H, Nakamura S (April 1993). "Mechanism of action of quinolones ...
Production of antibiotics
However a recent investigation into the origin of quinolones have discovered that a description for quinolones happened in 1949 ... These include the quinolone class, of which nalidixic acid is often credited as the first to be discovered. Like other ... Emmerson, A. M.; Jones, A. M. (2003-05-01). "The quinolones: decades of development and use". Journal of Antimicrobial ... Bisacchi, Gregory S. (2015-06-25). "Origins of the Quinolone Class of Antibacterials: An Expanded "Discovery Story"". Journal ...
Sterling Drug
For example, WIN 18,320 was nalidixic acid, the first quinolone antibiotic. The Company was established in 1901 (then called ... "The Quinolones: Decades of Development and Use". Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy. 51 (Suppl 1): 13-20. doi:10.1093/jac/ ...
Enoxacin
The quinolone is also active against Gram-negative bacteria After oral administration enoxacin is rapidly and well absorbed ... Yoshida H, Nakamura M, Bogaki M, Ito H, Kojima T, Hattori H, Nakamura S (April 1993). "Mechanism of action of quinolones ... De Sarro A, Zappalá M, Chimirri A, Grasso S, De Sarro GB (July 1993). "Quinolones potentiate cefazolin-induced seizures in DBA/ ... Quinolones and fluoroquinolones are bactericidal drugs, eradicating bacteria by interfering with DNA replication. Like other ...
Rufloxacin
Quinolones Rafalsky V, Andreeva I, Rjabkova E (July 2006). "Quinolones for uncomplicated acute cystitis in women". The Cochrane ... Rufloxacin is a quinolone antibiotic. It is sold under the brand names, Ruflox, Monos, Qari, Tebraxin, Uroflox, Uroclar. ...
Clinafloxacin
Appelbaum PC (1999). "Quinolone activity against anaerobes". Drugs. 58 Suppl 2: 60-4. doi:10.2165/00003495-199958002-00012. ... Rubinstein E (2001). "History of quinolones and their side effects". Chemotherapy. 47 Suppl 3 (3): 3-8, discussion 44-8. doi: ... Nord CE (1999). "Use of newer quinolones for the treatment of intraabdominal infections: focus on clinafloxacin". Infection. 27 ...
Temafloxacin
Quinolones "Recalling the Omniflox (Temafloxacin) Tablets" (PDF). Food and Drug Administration. 1992-06-05. Retrieved 2014-10- ... Gentry LO (December 1991). "Review of quinolones in the treatment of infections of the skin and skin structure". J. Antimicrob ... Rubinstein, E. (2001). "History of quinolones and their side effects". Chemotherapy. 47 Suppl 3 (3): 3-8, discussion 44-8. doi: ...
Topoisomerase
6). Quinolone antibacterial compounds were first developed in the 1960s and have been in clinical use since the 1980s. FQ ... Maxwell A, Bush NG, Germe T, McKie SJ (2018). "Non-quinolone topoisomerase inhibitors". In Fong IW, Drlica K (eds.). ... Bush NG, Diez-Santos I, Abbott LR, Maxwell A (December 2020). "Quinolones: Mechanism, Lethality and Their Contributions to ...
Heterophyes heterophyes
Praziquantel, a quinolone derivative. The effect of praziquantel on H. heterophyes causes deep lesions on their teguments, and ...
Nalidixic acid
Synthetic quinolone antibiotics were discovered by George Lesher and coworkers as a byproduct of chloroquine manufacture in the ... In a technical sense, it is a naphthyridone, not a quinolone: its ring structure is a 1,8-naphthyridine nucleus that contains ... Nalidixic acid (tradenames Nevigramon, NegGram, Wintomylon and WIN 18,320) is the first of the synthetic quinolone antibiotics ... "Disabling and potentially permanent side effects lead to suspension or restrictions of quinolone and fluoroquinolone ...
Chemotherapy
Quinolones show effective prophylaxis mainly with hematological cancer. However, in general, for every five people who are ... The risk of illness and death can be reduced by taking common antibiotics such as quinolones or trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole ...
Cinoxacin
Commonly referred to as the first generation quinolones. This first generation also included other quinolone drugs such as ... Cinoxacin is a quinolone antibiotic that has been discontinued in the U.K. as well the United States, both as a branded drug or ... Cinoxacin was an older synthetic antimicrobial related to the quinolone class of antibiotics with activity similar to oxolinic ... Drlica K, Zhao X (September 1997). "DNA gyrase, topoisomerase IV, and the 4-quinolones". Microbiology and Molecular Biology ...
Quinolones and the Clinical Laboratory
| HAI | CDC
What are quinolones? Quinolones are antimicrobial agents effective in the treatment of selected community-acquired and ... How does resistance to quinolones develop? Quinolones inhibit two enzymes that are required for bacterial DNA synthesis, i.e., ... What organisms can be resistant to quinolones? Resistance to quinolones has been reported in a variety of important bacterial ... Resistance to quinolones limits drug selection for treatment of many infections.. *Organisms resistant to quinolones often are ...
Browsing by Subject "Quinolones"
Quinolone Safety and Efficacy - Volume 11, Number 6-June 2005 - Emerging Infectious Diseases journal - CDC
In summary, differences in quinolone safety are evidenced by labeling changes to gatifloxacin, the only quinolone to carry a ... to the newer quinolones is an appropriate response to Michael Schelds essay on maintaining quinolone class efficacy in which a ... Quinolone safety and efficacy more important than potency. Emerg Infect Dis. 2004;10:156-7.PubMedGoogle Scholar ... Quinolone Safety and Efficacy. Volume 11, Number 6-June 2005. Article Views: 133. Data is collected weekly and does not include ...
Figure 1 - Unexpected Occurrence of Plasmid-Mediated Quinolone Resistance Determinants in Environmental Aeromonas spp. - Volume...
New Scalable Synthetic Routes to ELQ-300, ELQ-316, and Other Antiparasitic Quinolones | Medicines for Malaria Venture
The endochin-like quinolone (ELQ) compound class may yield effective, safe treatments for a range of important human and animal ... The endochin-like quinolone (ELQ) compound class may yield effective, safe treatments for a range of important human and animal ... New Scalable Synthetic Routes to ELQ-300, ELQ-316, and Other Antiparasitic Quinolones. 26 Sep 2021 ... New Scalable Synthetic Routes to ELQ-300, ELQ-316, and Other Antiparasitic Quinolones ...
Quinolones for community-acquired pneumonia. | [email protected]
SciELO - Brazil - Quinolone resistance and ornithine decarboxylation activity in lactose-negative |i|Escherichia coli|/i|...
One quinolone-sensitive lac− isolate was also included as a negative control. Of the twenty-eight quinolone resistant isolates ... 2011) Plasmid mediated quinolone resistance: an update. J Infect Chemother 17:149-182.). The main mechanism of quinolone ... 2002) Are Quinolone-Resistant Uropathogenic Escherichia coli Less Virulent? J Infect Dis 186:1039-1042. related quinolone ... 2006) Correlation of quinolone resistance levels and differences in basal and quinolone-induced expression from three qnrA- ...
Synthesis and Antimicrobial, Antiproliferative Evaluation of Novel Quinolone and Conazole Analogues via Conventional and...
But, mannich bases 13a,b obtained from the reaction of the oxadiazole compound with the quinolone showed strong activities. ... Zhang GF, Zhang S, Pan B, Liu X, Feng LS (2018) 4-Quinolone derivatives and their activities against Gram positive pathogens. ... Sissi C, Palumbo M (2003) The quinolone family: from antibacterial to anticancer agents. Curr Med Chem Anticancer agents 3:439- ... The cytotoxic activity of quinolone derivatives has become the source of new anticancer agents, which might also help ...
Synthesis of indoles and quinolones by sequential Wittig and Heck reactions
HPLC Separation of a Complex of Quinolone Antibiotics | SIELC Technologies
Some quinolones have been found in food products including fish and shrimp. Primesep 100 was used to separate a mixture of ... Quinolones are a group of synthetic broad-spectrum antibiotics with a wide variety of applications in medicine and veterinary ... Drug, Acid, Quinolone Antibiotics, Hydrophilic, Ionizable, Vitamin, Supplements. Analyzing Compounds. Oxolinic Acid, Flumequine ... quinolones and achieve baseline separation. Retention was controlled by adjusting acetonitrile in the mobile phase. Condition. ...
Distribution of quinolone resistance gene (qnr) in ESBL-producing Escherichia coli and Klebsiella spp. in Lomé, Togo |...
This study identified quinolone resistance (qnr) gene in ESBL-producing E. coli and Klebsiella spp. in Togo. These finding ... strains with phenotypic resistance to quinolone were collected from several specimens and analyzed for the detection of qnrA, ... which suggest a possible resistance to quinolone are of high interest for better management of patients and control of ... Distribution of quinolone resistance gene (qnr) in ESBL-producing Escherichia coli and Klebsiella spp. in Lomé, Togo. Access & ...
Limiting the Use of Quinolones
Orally Bioavailable Endochin-like Quinolone Carbonate Ester Prodrug Reduces Toxoplasma gondii Brain Cysts - preLights
The quinolone in the ester mask: Doggett et al. adopt a prodrug approach to reduce Toxoplasma gondii brain cysts ... Tags: #toxoplasmosis, antimalarial, endochin-like quinolone, pharmacokinetics, prodrug, toxoplasma gondii Posted on: 10 April ... 2] Winter R, Kelly JX, Smilkstein MJ, Hinrichs D, Koop DR, Riscoe MK, Optimization of endochin-like quinolones for antimalarial ... About a decade earlier, endochin-like quinolones (ELQ) were found to inhibit apicomplexan pathogens, including T. gondii [1] ...
Bacteroides Infection Treatment & Management: Medical Care, Surgical Care
Synthesis of indoles and quinolones by sequential Wittig and Heck reactions<...
Latham E, Stanforth S. Synthesis of indoles and quinolones by sequential Wittig and Heck reactions. Chemical Communications. ... Synthesis of indoles and quinolones by sequential Wittig and Heck reactions. In: Chemical Communications. 1996 ; No. 19. pp. ... Latham, E., & Stanforth, S. (1996). Synthesis of indoles and quinolones by sequential Wittig and Heck reactions. Chemical ... Latham, E & Stanforth, S 1996, Synthesis of indoles and quinolones by sequential Wittig and Heck reactions, Chemical ...
Yeast infection from antibiotics: Causes, symptoms, and treatment
SAR of Quinolones
... , Home , , Medicinal Chemistry , Chapter: Medicinal Chemistry : Quinolone Antibacterials. The optimum ... 6. The incorporation of a fluorine atom at the C-6 position of the quinolone is monumental. The order of activity is F,Cl, Br, ... 4. The C-4-oxo group of the quinolone nucleus appears to be essential for antibacterial activity. Replacement with 4-thioxo or ... Some side effects of the quinolones are class effects and cannot be modulated by molecular variation. Most of the ...
IMSEAR at SEARO: Shigella and the fluorinated quinolones.
Treatment of Tuberculosis and Tuberculosis Infection in Adults and Children
Quinolones. Rifabutin. Clofazimine. Combination of beta-Lactam Antibiotics and beta-Lactamase Inhibitors. The New Macrolides. ... Because the quinolones have been shown to cause arthropathies in studies with immature animals, these drugs should only be used ... Quinolones. A number of fluoroquinolones have been developed that show in vitro activity against M. tuberculosis. The target of ... The quinolones are primarily cleared by renal excretion, and the dosage should be adjusted for those with creatinine clearance ...
Quinolones and Erythromycin Test Kit - BALLYA
Quinolones Erythromycin Combo Test can qualitatively and quantitatively detect quinolones and erythromycin residues in raw milk ... 1. What is quinolones erythromycin combo test?. 2. What are quinolones?. 3. What is erythromycin?. 4. The harm of quinolones ... Materials for Quinolones Erythromycin Combo Test. 12. How to use Quinolones Erythromycin Combo Test?. 13. Summary. 14. How to ... 5. Features of Quinolones Erythromycin Combo Test. 6. Detection Method of Quinolones Erythromycin Combo Test. 7. Samples for ...
Glimepiride | Side Effects, Dosage, Uses, and More
Françoise Van Bambeke | UCLouvain
Efflux of novel quinolones in contemporary Streptococcus pneumoniae isolates from community-acquired pneumonia. In: Journal of ... Renaissance of antibiotics against difficult infections: Focus on oritavancin and new ketolides and quinolones.. In: Annals of ... Selection of quinolone resistance in Streptococcus pneumoniae exposed in vitro to subinhibitory drug concentrations. In: ... Cellular accumulation and activity of quinolones in ciprofloxacin-resistant J774 macrophages. In: Antimicrobial Agents and ...
Quinolones ELISA Kit - Ringbio AntibodyMall - Online Store for Ringbio Products
This ELISA Kit is based on indirect competitive ELISA to detect quinolones in sample within 75 minutes. Sensitivity 0.05ng/mL, ... Decrease quantity for Quinolones ELISA Kit Increase quantity for Quinolones ELISA Kit ... This ELISA Kit is based on indirect competitive ELISA to detect quinolones in sample within 75 minutes. ...
Global monitoring of antimicrobial resistance based on metagenomics analyses of urban sewage | Nature Communications
The analysis of tetracyclines, sulfonamides, macrolides, and quinolones in the sewage samples were performed as in Beredsen et ... quinolones, and macrolides. Four mL of EDTA-McIlvain buffer (0.1 M, pH 4.0) were added, after which the samples were shaken for ... Quin quinolone). d Relative abundance of the 15 most common AMR genes (mef(A)_10: mef(A)_10_AF376746) ... Quin quinolone). Colors represent log (ln) transformed relative abundances (FPKM). Complete-linkage clustering of Pearson ...
Quinolone - History of medicine, etymology and more
The first quinolone (quinol[ine] + -one [compoundrelated to ketone]), nalidixic acid, was isolated as a byproduct of ... Quinolone. The first quinolone (quinol[ine] + -one [compoundrelated to ketone]), nalidixic acid, was isolated as a byproduct of ... In 1980, researchers at the Kyorin Pharmaceutical Company showed that the addition of a fluorine atom to the quinolone ring ...
Antibiotics & Quinolones & Cephalosporins - Zithropark-250 mg Azithromycin Tablets Manufacturer from Ahmedabad
Quinolones & Cephalosporins - Zithropark-250 mg Azithromycin Tablets, Cefixime Azithromycin Lactic Acid Bacillus Tablets, ... Antibiotics & Quinolones & Cephalosporins. Prominent & Leading Manufacturer from Ahmedabad, we offer zithropark-250 mg ... Quinolones, Cephalosporins, Antacids, Anti-Ulcerants & Laxative, Appetite Stimulants Enzymes, Intravenous Fluids, Injectable ...
AntibioticsCephalosporinsDetect quinolonesNalidixicPseudomonas Quinolone SignalAntimicrobialSynthesisGenesIsolatesPneumoniaeNewer quinolonesFluoroquinolonesEscherichiaEmergenceMacrolidesAntibioticCiprofloxacinErythromycinRespiratoryDerivativesResistantQnrAUTIsInhibitBacteriaRabbitsDrugsQnrBShigellaColiAntibacterial activityInfectionsHumansMutationsOccurrenceActivityCarboxylicAtomInteractionClassExhibitConcentrations
Antibiotics2
- Quinolones are a group of synthetic broad-spectrum antibiotics with a wide variety of applications in medicine and veterinary sciences. (sielc.com)
- Ciprofloxacin belongs to a class of drugs called quinolone antibiotics. (mynextgenrx.com)
Cephalosporins1
- Tibebu M, Shibabaw A, Medhin G, Kassu A. Neisseria gonorrhoeae non-susceptible to cephalosporins and quinolones in Northwest Ethiopia. (healthdata.org)
Detect quinolones2
- Two-Sensor Kit, rapid to detect quinolones and erythromycin residues in milk and dairy product by using colloidal gold immune-chromatography technology. (ballyabio.com)
- This ELISA Kit is based on indirect competitive ELISA to detect quinolones in sample within 75 minutes. (antibodymall.com)
Nalidixic4
- Early quinolones, such as nalidixic acid, had poor systemic distribution and limited activity and were used primarily for Gram-negative urinary tract infections. (cdc.gov)
- The first quinolone drug, nalidixic acid, was accidentally discovered in 1962, and it was applied clinically because of its unique antibacterial characteristics. (ballyabio.com)
- The first and second generation quinolone drugs such as nalidixic acid and pipemidic acid, because their antibacterial spectrum is limited to gram-negative intestinal bacilli, are clinically limited to the treatment of urinary tract infections and intestinal infections. (ballyabio.com)
- The first quinolone (quinol[ine] + -one [compoundrelated to ketone]), nalidixic acid, was isolated as a byproduct of chloroquine (see "quinine") synthesis and was introduced in 1962 to treat urinary tract infections. (metymology.ch)
Pseudomonas Quinolone Signal4
- The Pseudomonas quinolone signal (PQS) is an important quorum-sensing molecule for Pseudomonas aeruginosa that regulates virulence factors, chelates iron, and is an important factor in interactions with eukaryotes, including fungi and mammalian hosts. (omicsdi.org)
- Enzyme-Mediated Quenching of the Pseudomonas Quinolone Signal (PQS) Promotes Biofilm Formation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa by Increasing Iron Availability. (omicsdi.org)
- The 2-alkyl-3-hydroxy-4(1H)-quinolone 2,4-dioxygenase HodC was previously described to cleave the Pseudomonas quinolone signal, PQS, which is exclusively used in the complex quorum sensing (QS) system of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, an opportunistic pathogen employing QS to regulate virulence and biofilm development. (omicsdi.org)
- In this context, we investigated whether the Pseudomonas quinolone signal (PQS) which is a quorum sensing molecule produced by bacteria and participates in biofilm formation and virulence has any influence on polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN), the cells of the "first line defense" against bacterial infections. (kit.edu)
Antimicrobial2
- Quinolones are antimicrobial agents effective in the treatment of selected community-acquired and nosocomial infections. (cdc.gov)
- In 1980, researchers at the Kyorin Pharmaceutical Company showed that the addition of a fluorine atom to the quinolone ring resulted in an antibiotic with broader antimicrobial activity, which was named norfloxacin, the first fluo-roquinolone. (metymology.ch)
Synthesis3
- Quinolones inhibit two enzymes that are required for bacterial DNA synthesis, i.e. (cdc.gov)
- Latham, E & Stanforth, S 1996, ' Synthesis of indoles and quinolones by sequential Wittig and Heck reactions ', Chemical Communications , no. 19, pp. 2253-2254. (northumbria.ac.uk)
- Five genes ( pqsA-E ) are involved in the synthesis of 2-heptyl-4(1H)-quinolone (HHQ). (springeropen.com)
Genes9
- Resistance to quinolones occurs through chromosomal mutations in the genes encoding these enzymes and by porin and efflux mutations. (cdc.gov)
- Cattoir V , Poirel L , Rotimi V , Soussy CJ , Nordmann P . Multiplex PCR for detection of plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance qnr genes in ESBL-producing enterobacterial isolates. (cdc.gov)
- To synthesize HHQ in a microbial system, pqsA-E genes were introduced into Escherichia coli and HHQ and 2-methyl-4(1H)-quinolone (MHQ) were synthesized. (springeropen.com)
- Frequency of Plasmid-Mediated Quinolone Resistance Genes qnrA , qnrB , and qnrS among Clinical Isolates of Klebsiella pneumoniae ', Journal of Applied Biotechnology Reports , 7(4), pp. 203-207. (biotechrep.ir)
- To determine the current antibiotic resistance patterns and identification of quinolone and ceftriaxone resistant genes among Salmonella enterica subspecies serovar Typhi. (org.pk)
- All isolates were subjected for identification of genes responsible for quinolone and ceftriaxone resistance using polymerase chain reaction followed by gel-electrophoresis. (org.pk)
- Genotypically, blaCTX-M-15 (beta lactamase, CTX as its acronym, -M from Munich) gene for ceftriaxone resistance was found in all phenotypically resistant 31(32.29%) isolates, while QnrS (Quinolone resistance, S group), GyrA (DNA gyrase subunit A), and GyrB (DNA gyrase subunit B) genes responsible for ciprofloxacin resistance were found in different frequencies (percentages given in table 2). (org.pk)
- The bacteria designated by the acronym SERMOR-PROVENF (SER = Serratia, MOR = Morganella, PROV = Providencia, EN = Enterobacter, F = freundii for Citrobacter freundii ) have similar, although not identical, chromosomal beta-lactamase genes that are inducible. (medscape.com)
- The emergence of quinolone-resistant S. pneumoniae (QRSP) appears to be more dependent on fluoroquinolone selection of de novo spontaneous point mutations in the quinolone resistance-determining regions (QRDRs) of the topoisomerase genes gyrA and parC than on clonal dissemination (9-13). (cdc.gov)
Isolates2
- A high percentage of the isolates (48.3%) was found to be resistant to at least one of the tested quinolones, and DNA sequencing revealed quinolone resistant determining region gyrA and parC mutations in the multi-resistant isolates. (scielo.br)
- A total of 88 K. pneumoniae isolates assessed to quinolone which were obtained from Tehran hospital in Tehran, Iran. (biotechrep.ir)
Pneumoniae3
- Among them, levofloxacin and moxifloxacin are also called respiratory quinolones, because they have significantly enhanced antibacterial activity against common respiratory pathogens such as Streptococcus pneumoniae, and have good antibacterial activity against atypical pathogens such as Mycoplasma pneumoniae and Chlamydia pneumoniae. (ballyabio.com)
- Fluoroquinolone resistance in Streptococcus pneumoniae is primarily mediated by point mutations in the quinolone resistance-determining regions of gyrA and parC . (cdc.gov)
- To investigate the fitness of quinolone-resistant S. pneumoniae (QRSP), the relative growth efficiencies of 2 isogenic QRSP double mutants were compared with that of their fluoroquinolone-susceptible parent, EF3030, by using murine nasopharyngeal colonization and pneumonia models. (cdc.gov)
Newer quinolones2
- His letter to the editor emphasizing the paramount importance of a well-established safety profile and documented clinical efficacy in severe infections before a "wholesale change" to the newer quinolones is an appropriate response to Michael Scheld's essay on maintaining quinolone class efficacy in which a "correct spectrum" strategy of using the most potent quinolone to treat the presumed or confirmed pathogen was described and advocated ( 1 ). (cdc.gov)
- With respect to efficacy, Frothingham writes that ciprofloxacin and levofloxacin have been studied in patient populations with more severe illness, and trials of the newer quinolones have enrolled patients with predominantly mild or moderate community-acquired infections and low overall death rates in comparison. (cdc.gov)
Fluoroquinolones2
- Quinolones and fluoroquinolones are widely used to treat uropathogenic Escherichia coli infections. (scielo.br)
- Escherichia coli is the main agent of UTIs, especially in community-acquired UTIs, and quinolones and fluoroquinolones have been used extensively to treat these infections ( Ronald, 2003 Ronald A (2003) The etiology of urinary tract infection: traditional and emerging pathogens. (scielo.br)
Escherichia2
- Distribution of quinolone resistance gene (qnr) in ESBL-producing Escherichia coli and Klebsiella spp. (biomedcentral.com)
- Interaction of the plasmid-encoded quinolone resistance protein Qnr with Escherichia coli DNA gyrase. (cdc.gov)
Emergence2
Macrolides1
- It is for qualitative detection of quinolones, macrolides, lincomycin, erythromycin in foods and other biological samples. (foodtestkit.com)
Antibiotic1
- This medicine is a quinolone antibiotic. (stlukes-stl.com)
Ciprofloxacin4
- In his article, Frothingham reminds us that serious adverse drug effects in patients led to the withdrawal or restriction of 4 quinolones in the last decade and that safety may differ substantially among the quinolones discussed in Scheld's review (ciprofloxacin, gatifloxacin, levofloxacin, moxifloxacin) ( 2 ). (cdc.gov)
- Currently, with the exception of ciprofloxacin, each of these quinolones contains labeling guidance in the form of a warning (gatifloxacin, moxifloxacin) or a precaution (levofloxacin), and concurrent use with class IA (e.g., quinidine, procainamide) or class III (e.g., amiodarone, sotalol) antiarrhythmics should be avoided to reduce the risk of torsades de pointes per current product labeling. (cdc.gov)
- Maybe, has pdf use of quinolones in travel medicine second conference on international travel medicine proceedings of the ciprofloxacin satellite symposium use of quinolones in travel medicine 1992 comprehensive for engineering of invalid mechanics used with a manner city or t, or I should walk another extent History? (newanglepet.com)
- The pdf use of quinolones in travel medicine second conference on international travel medicine proceedings of the ciprofloxacin satellite symposium use of quinolones you do heading for makes increasingly need! (newanglepet.com)
Erythromycin1
- What is quinolones erythromycin combo test? (ballyabio.com)
Respiratory2
Derivatives1
- N-Trifluoroacetylanilines 6 and 7 undergo a Wittig reaction with phosphorane 2 (R = Et) giving enamine derivatives 9 and 10 respectively which are precursors to indoles 4 and quinolones 5. (northumbria.ac.uk)
Resistant4
- Organisms resistant to quinolones often are resistant to other classes of antimicrobials. (cdc.gov)
- Many resistant organisms have multiple enzyme target site, porin, and efflux mutations, producing high-level resistance to quinolones. (cdc.gov)
- Can an isolate be resistant to one quinolone and susceptible to another? (cdc.gov)
- 3 However, other studies also show an alarming increase in quinolone-resistant E. coli 4 intrinsic third-generation cephalosporin resistant Enterococcus faecium 5 and Candida spp. (turkishjcrd.com)
QnrA1
- Poirel L , Rodriguez-Martinez JM , Mammeri H , Liard A , Nordmann P . Origin of plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance determinant QnrA. (cdc.gov)
UTIs1
- Doctors prescribe quinolones for difficult-to-treat UTIs, hospital-acquired pneumonia , and bacterial prostatitis . (medicalnewstoday.com)
Inhibit1
- About a decade earlier, endochin-like quinolones (ELQ) were found to inhibit apicomplexan pathogens, including T. gondii [1] and Plasmodium falciparum [2]. (biologists.com)
Bacteria2
- use of quinolones and resistance in humans production, licensing and use of quinolones for food animals links between quinolone resistance in food animal bacteria and human disease. (who.int)
- Alkyl-4-quinolones (AQs) are natural compounds synthesized by bacteria. (springeropen.com)
Rabbits2
Drugs1
- Quinolone drugs are a new type of chemically synthesized antibacterial drugs. (ballyabio.com)
QnrB1
- Jacoby GA , Walsh KE , Mills DM , Walker VJ , Oh H , Robicsek A , qnrB , another plasmid-mediated gene for quinolone resistance. (cdc.gov)
Shigella2
Coli3
- To date, no studies have examined the potential relationship between biochemical characteristics and quinolone resistance in uropathogenic E. coli strains. (scielo.br)
- The present work analyzed the quinolone sensitivity and biochemical activities of fifty-eight lactose-negative uropathogenic E. coli strains. (scielo.br)
- Using this engineered E. coli strain, both HHQ and an unexpected product, MHQ (2-methyl-4(1H)-quinolone), were synthesized. (springeropen.com)
Antibacterial activity2
- However, replacement of C-3 carboxylic group with isothiazolo group afforded most active isothiazolo quinolone, which has been 4-10 times greater in in vitro antibacterial activity than ciprofloxacin. (pharmacy180.com)
- 4. The C-4-oxo group of the quinolone nucleus appears to be essential for antibacterial activity. (pharmacy180.com)
Infections1
- Resistance to quinolones limits drug selection for treatment of many infections. (cdc.gov)
Humans2
- Salmonella and Campylobacter ) has already been reported, but the scope of the problems still needs to be identified and the links between quinolone use in animals and the occurrence of problems in infectious disease treatment in humans elucidated. (who.int)
- Review the conditions and extent of use of the various quinolones in humans and in food animals. (who.int)
Mutations1
- Reporting susceptibilities to various quinolones provides the information necessary to choose an appropriate therapy that will minimize the selection of mutations leading to resistance. (cdc.gov)
Occurrence1
- Unexpected Occurrence of Plasmid-Mediated Quinolone Resistance Determinants in Environmental Aeromonas spp. (cdc.gov)
Activity2
Carboxylic1
- Tentative identification of 2-quinolones in asphalt and their interaction with carboxylic acids present. (cdc.gov)
Atom1
- 6. The incorporation of a fluorine atom at the C-6 position of the quinolone is monumental. (pharmacy180.com)
Interaction1
- Martinez-Martinez L , Pascual A , Garcia I , Tran J , Jacoby GA . Interaction of plasmid and host quinolone resistance. (cdc.gov)
Class2
- The endochin-like quinolone (ELQ) compound class may yield effective, safe treatments for a range of important human and animal afflictions. (mmv.org)
- Some side effects of the quinolones are class effects and cannot be modulated by molecular variation. (pharmacy180.com)
Exhibit1
- Quinolones are bactericidal and exhibit concentration-dependent killing. (cdc.gov)
Concentrations1
- In the current study, none of the tested quinolones (QNs) at any of the examined concentrations were lethal for common duckweed plants . (bvsalud.org)