Chemicals and Drugs
QuinidineQuinineProcainamideAnti-Arrhythmia AgentsCytochrome P-450 CYP2D6DisopyramideFlecainideCinchona AlkaloidsDextromethorphanOxidoreductases, O-DemethylatingPropafenoneSparteineDebrisoquinLidocaine
Quinidine
An optical isomer of quinine, extracted from the bark of the CHINCHONA tree and similar plant species. This alkaloid dampens the excitability of cardiac and skeletal muscles by blocking sodium and potassium currents across cellular membranes. It prolongs cellular ACTION POTENTIALS, and decreases automaticity. Quinidine also blocks muscarinic and alpha-adrenergic neurotransmission.
Quinine
An alkaloid derived from the bark of the cinchona tree. It is used as an antimalarial drug, and is the active ingredient in extracts of the cinchona that have been used for that purpose since before 1633. Quinine is also a mild antipyretic and analgesic and has been used in common cold preparations for that purpose. It was used commonly and as a bitter and flavoring agent, and is still useful for the treatment of babesiosis. Quinine is also useful in some muscular disorders, especially nocturnal leg cramps and myotonia congenita, because of its direct effects on muscle membrane and sodium channels. The mechanisms of its antimalarial effects are not well understood.
Procainamide
A class Ia antiarrhythmic drug that is structurally-related to PROCAINE.
Anti-Arrhythmia Agents
Agents used for the treatment or prevention of cardiac arrhythmias. They may affect the polarization-repolarization phase of the action potential, its excitability or refractoriness, or impulse conduction or membrane responsiveness within cardiac fibers. Anti-arrhythmia agents are often classed into four main groups according to their mechanism of action: sodium channel blockade, beta-adrenergic blockade, repolarization prolongation, or calcium channel blockade.
Cytochrome P-450 CYP2D6
A cytochrome P450 enzyme that catalyzes the hydroxylation of many drugs and environmental chemicals, such as DEBRISOQUINE; ADRENERGIC RECEPTOR ANTAGONISTS; and TRICYCLIC ANTIDEPRESSANTS. This enzyme is deficient in up to 10 percent of the Caucasian population.
Disopyramide
A class I anti-arrhythmic agent (one that interferes directly with the depolarization of the cardiac membrane and thus serves as a membrane-stabilizing agent) with a depressant action on the heart similar to that of guanidine. It also possesses some anticholinergic and local anesthetic properties.
Flecainide
A potent anti-arrhythmia agent, effective in a wide range of ventricular and atrial ARRHYTHMIAS and TACHYCARDIAS.
Cinchona Alkaloids
Alkaloids extracted from various species of Cinchona.
Dextromethorphan
Methyl analog of DEXTRORPHAN that shows high affinity binding to several regions of the brain, including the medullary cough center. This compound is an NMDA receptor antagonist (RECEPTORS, N-METHYL-D-ASPARTATE) and acts as a non-competitive channel blocker. It is one of the widely used ANTITUSSIVES, and is also used to study the involvement of glutamate receptors in neurotoxicity.
Oxidoreductases, O-Demethylating
Drug metabolizing enzymes which oxidize methyl ethers. Usually found in liver microsomes.
Propafenone
An antiarrhythmia agent that is particularly effective in ventricular arrhythmias. It also has weak beta-blocking activity.
Sparteine
A quinolizidine alkaloid isolated from several FABACEAE including LUPINUS; SPARTIUM; and CYTISUS. It has been used as an oxytocic and an anti-arrhythmia agent. It has also been of interest as an indicator of CYP2D6 genotype.
Debrisoquin
An adrenergic neuron-blocking drug similar in effects to GUANETHIDINE. It is also noteworthy in being a substrate for a polymorphic cytochrome P-450 enzyme. Persons with certain isoforms of this enzyme are unable to properly metabolize this and many other clinically important drugs. They are commonly referred to as having a debrisoquin 4-hydroxylase polymorphism.
Lidocaine
A local anesthetic and cardiac depressant used as an antiarrhythmia agent. Its actions are more intense and its effects more prolonged than those of PROCAINE but its duration of action is shorter than that of BUPIVACAINE or PRILOCAINE.

Transport of fluid by lens epithelium. (1/618)

We report for the first time that cultured lens epithelial cell layers and rabbit lenses in vitro transport fluid. Layers of the alphaTN4 mouse cell line and bovine cell cultures were grown to confluence on permeable membrane inserts. Fluid movement across cultured layers and excised rabbit lenses was determined by volume clamp (37 degrees C). Cultured layers transported fluid from their basal to their apical sides against a pressure head of 3 cmH2O. Rates were (in microliter. h-1. cm-2) 3.3 +/- 0.3 for alphaTN4 cells (n = 27) and 4.7 +/- 1.0 for bovine layers (n = 6). Quinidine, a blocker of K+ channels, and p-chloromercuribenzenesulfonate and HgCl2, inhibitors of aquaporins, inhibited fluid transport. Rabbit lenses transported fluid from their anterior to their posterior sides against a 2.5-cmH2O pressure head at 10.3 +/- 0.62 microliter. h-1. lens-1 (n = 5) and along the same pressure head at 12.5 +/- 1.1 microliter. h-1. lens-1 (n = 6). We calculate that this flow could wash the lens extracellular space by convection about once every 2 h and therefore might contribute to lens homeostasis and transparency.  (+info)

Effects of dauricine, quinidine, and sotalol on action potential duration of papillary muscles in vitro. (2/618)

AIM: To compare the characteristics of dauricine, sotalol, and quinidine on action potential duration (APD). METHODS: Using intracellular microelectrode method to record APD in guinea pig papillary muscles. RESULTS: Dauricine 20 mumol.L-1 prolonged action potential at 90% repolarization, the percent of APD prolongation were 22 +/- 8, 11 +/- 6, 9 +/- 5, 7 +/- 5, 6 +/- 3, 4.3 +/- 2.8, 4.5 +/- 2.8 at the cycle lengths of 200-2000 ms, dauricine became more effective in lengthening APD at short cycle lengths. The effect of dauricine on prolonging APD exhibited normal use-dependence, whereas quinidine 1 mumol.L-1 and sotalol 10 mumol.L-1 were less effective in lengthening APD at short cycle lengths. The effect of quinidine and sotalol on APD exhibited reverse use-dependence. CONCLUSSION: The effect of dauricine on APD depends on activation frequency.  (+info)

In vitro metabolism of quinidine: the (3S)-3-hydroxylation of quinidine is a specific marker reaction for cytochrome P-4503A4 activity in human liver microsomes. (3/618)

The aim of this study was to evaluate the (3S)-3-hydroxylation and the N-oxidation of quinidine as biomarkers for cytochrome P-450 (CYP)3A4 activity in human liver microsome preparations. An HPLC method was developed to assay the metabolites (3S)-3-hydroxyquinidine (3-OH-Q) and quinidine N-oxide (Q-N-OX) formed during incubation with microsomes from human liver and from Saccharomyces cerevisiae strains expressing 10 human CYPs. 3-OH-Q formation complied with Michaelis-Menten kinetics (mean values of Vmax and Km: 74.4 nmol/mg/h and 74.2 microM, respectively). Q-N-OX formation followed two-site kinetics with mean values of Vmax, Km and Vmax/Km for the low affinity isozyme of 15.9 nmol/mg/h, 76.1 microM and 0.03 ml/mg/h, respectively. 3-OH-Q and Q-N-OX formations were potently inhibited by ketoconazole, itraconazole, and triacetyloleandomycin. Isozyme specific inhibitors of CYP1A2, -2C9, -2C19, -2D6, and -2E1 did not inhibit 3-OH-Q or Q-N-OX formation, with Ki values comparable with previously reported values. Statistically significant correlations were observed between CYP3A4 content and formations of 3-OH-Q and Q-N-OX in 12 human liver microsome preparations. Studies with yeast-expressed isozymes revealed that only CYP3A4 actively catalyzed the (3S)-3-hydroxylation. CYP3A4 was the most active enzyme in Q-N-OX formation, but CYP2C9 and 2E1 also catalyzed minor proportions of the N-oxidation. In conclusion, our studies demonstrate that only CYP3A4 is actively involved in the formation of 3-OH-Q. Hence, the (3S)-3-hydroxylation of quinidine is a specific probe for CYP3A4 activity in human liver microsome preparations, whereas the N-oxidation of quinidine is a somewhat less specific marker reaction for CYP3A4 activity, because the presence of a low affinity enzyme is demonstrated by different approaches.  (+info)

Pseudo second degree atrioventricular block with bradycardia. Successful treatment with quinidine. (4/618)

Pseudo second degree atrioventricular block resulting from blocked His premature beats was successfully treated with quinidine. The diagnosis was proved by His bundle electrogam which showed both blocked and conducted His premature beats. The blocked His prematures produced second degree atrioventricular block by making the atrioventricular junction refractory. Quinidine abolished both conducted and blocked His extrasystoles. There has been no recurrence of arrhythmia during a one-year follow-up.  (+info)

Novel membrane transporter OCTN1 mediates multispecific, bidirectional, and pH-dependent transport of organic cations. (5/618)

In the present study, functional characteristics of organic cation transporter (OCTN)1, which was cloned as the pH-dependent tetraethylammonium (TEA) transporter when expressed in mammalian human embryonic kidney (HEK)293 cells, were further investigated using Xenopus oocytes as well as HEK293 cells as gene expression systems. When OCTN1-derived complementary RNA was injected into Xenopus oocytes, pH-dependent transport of [14C]TEA was observed as the same in HEK293 cells. In contrast, a replacement of sodium ions with potassium ions in the surrounding medium did not cause any change in [14C]TEA uptake in Xenopus oocytes expressed with OCTN1. In addition, when OCTN1 was expressed in HEK293 cells, efflux of TEA from the cells was pH dependent, with an accelerated rate at acidic external medium pH. Accordingly, membrane potential or sodium ions are suggested to have no influence on [14C]TEA transport and the transport activity of OCTN1 is directly affected by pH itself. Furthermore, addition of the unlabeled TEA in external medium enhanced the efflux of preloaded [14C]TEA. These observations suggest that OCTN1 is a pH-dependent and bidirectional TEA transporter. OCTN1-mediated [14C]TEA uptake was inhibited by various organic cations such as cimetidine, procainamide, pyrilamine, quinidine, quinine, and verapamil. In addition, uptakes of cationic compounds such as [3H]pyrilamine, [3H]quinidine, and [3H]verapamil and zwitterionic L-[3H]carnitine were increased by expression of OCTN1 in Xenopus oocytes. Accordingly, OCTN1 was functionally demonstrated to be a multispecific and pH-dependent organic cation transporter, which presumably functions as a proton/organic cation antiporter at the renal apical membrane and other tissues.  (+info)

Effects of a novel cardioprotective drug, JTV-519, on membrane currents of guinea pig ventricular myocytes. (6/618)

We investigated effects of a novel cardioprotective drug, JTV-519 (4-[3-(4-benzylpiperidin-1-yl)propionyl]-7-methoxy-2,3,4,5-tetrahy dro-1,4-benzothiazepine monohydrochloride) on membrane currents of guinea pig ventricular myocytes by whole-cell voltage and current clamp methods. The fast Na+ current (iNa) was activated by ramp pulses from various holding potentials of -90, -80 or -60 mV to 10 mV with various intervals. At 0.2 Hz, JTV-519 inhibited iNa in a concentration-dependent manner with an IC50 of approximately 1.2 and 2 microM at the holding potential of -60 and -90 mM, respectively, implicating a voltage-dependent block. Increasing the pulse frequency from 1 to 2 or 3.3 Hz in the presence of 1 microM JTV-519 shortened the time-course and increased the level of iNa block, indicating a frequency-dependent block. The time-course of iNa blocking by JTV-519 was slower than that of lidocaine and similar to that of quinidine. Ca2+ current (iCa) and the inwardly rectifying K+ current (iK1) were also inhibited by JTV-519. JTV-519 decreased the duration and the height of the plateau of the action potential. We conclude that JTV-519 has frequency- and voltage-dependent blocking effects on iNa as well as inhibition of iCa and iK1.  (+info)

Alkalinization-induced K+ current of the mouse megakaryocyte. (7/618)

We have recently found that mouse megakaryocytes responded to extracellular alkalinization to pH > 8.0, generating a K+ current under voltage-clamped conditions with the whole cell recording mode of the patch-clamp technique. The purpose of this study was to physiologically and pharmacologically characterize the alkaline-dependent K+ conductance of the megakaryocyte membrane. The alkalinization-induced K+ current (I(ALK)) did not seem to be Ca2+-dependent since I(ALK) was allowed to be generated under intracellularly Ca2+-buffered conditions with 10 mM EGTA, which completely prevented the generation of caffeine-induced Ca2+-activated currents of mouse megakaryocytes; and no [Ca2+]i elevation was evoked by the alkalinization protocol in contrast to a significant increase in [Ca2+]i in response to caffeine when [Ca2+]i was measured with a fura 2 ratiometry. I(ALK) was strongly suppressed with tetraethylammonium (TEA), 4-aminopyridine (4-AP) and streptomycin (SM), but was completely resistant to quinidine (QND). The values of IC50 for the suppression of I(ALK) with TEA, 4-AP and SM were 5.6, 0.47 and 1.5 mM, respectively. Voltage-gated K+ currents (I(K)) of the same megakaryocyte preparation were weakly suppressed with TEA and 4-AP, while they were significantly suppressed with either SM or QND. These results suggest that mouse megakaryocytes possess K+ conductance that was activated by extracellular alkalinization and that probably differs from conventional K+ conductance in its pharmacological properties.  (+info)

Enhancing effects of salicylate on tonic and phasic block of Na+ channels by class 1 antiarrhythmic agents in the ventricular myocytes and the guinea pig papillary muscle. (8/618)

OBJECTIVE: To study the interaction between salicylate and class 1 antiarrhythmic agents. METHODS: The effects of salicylate on class 1 antiarrhythmic agent-induced tonic and phasic block of the Na+ current (INa) of ventricular myocytes and the upstroke velocity of the action potential (Vmax) of papillary muscles were examined by both the patch clamp technique and conventional microelectrode techniques. RESULTS: Salicylate enhanced quinidine-induced tonic and phasic block of INa at a holding potential of -100 mV but not at a holding potential of -140 mV; this enhancement was accompanied by a shift of the hinfinity curve in the presence of quinidine in a further hyperpolarized direction, although salicylate alone did not affect INa. Salicylate enhanced the tonic and phasic block of Vmax induced by quinidine, aprindine and disopyramide but had little effect on that induced by procainamide or mexiletine; the enhancing effects were related to the liposolubility of the drugs. CONCLUSIONS: Salicylate enhanced tonic and phasic block of Na+ channels induced by class 1 highly liposoluble antiarrhythmic agents. Based on the modulated receptor hypothesis, it is probable that this enhancement was mediated by an increase in the affinity of Na+ channel blockers with high lipid solubility to the inactivated state channels.  (+info)

DailyMed - QUINIDINE SULFATE tabletDailyMed - QUINIDINE SULFATE tablet
Pharmacokinetics and Metabolism The absolute bioavailability of quinidine from quinidine sulfate tablets is about 70%, but this varies widely (45 to 100%) between patients. The less-than-complete bioavailability is the result of first-pass metabolism in the liver. Peak serum levels generally appear about 2 hours after dosing; the rate of absorption is somewhat slowed when the drug is taken with food, but the extent of absorption is not changed.. The volume of distribution of quinidine is 2 to 3 L/kg in healthy young adults, but this may be reduced to as little as 0.5 L/kg in patients with congestive heart failure, or increased to 3 to 5 L/kg in patients with cirrhosis of the liver. At concentrations of 2 to 5 mg/L (6.5 to 16.2 μmol/L), the fraction of quinidine bound to plasma proteins (mainly to α1-acid glycoprotein and to albumin) is 80 to 88% in adults and older children, but it is lower in pregnant women, and in infants and neonates it may be as low as 50 to 70%. Because α1-acid ...
https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/drugInfo.cfm?setid=a10b6ded-4fe0-4059-bd77-c45acc3c876d
Quinidine sulfate United States Pharmacopeia (USP) Reference Standard | 6591-63-5 | Sigma-AldrichQuinidine sulfate United States Pharmacopeia (USP) Reference Standard | 6591-63-5 | Sigma-Aldrich
Quinidine sulfate United States Pharmacopeia (USP) Reference Standard; CAS Number: 6591-63-5; Synonym: Quinidine sulfate salt dihydrate; Linear Formula: C40H48N4O4 · H2O4S · 2H2O; find USP-1595509 MSDS, related peer-reviewed papers, technical documents, similar products & more at Sigma-Aldrich.
https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/catalog/product/usp/1595509?lang=en®ion=US
Quinidine - definition of quinidine by The Free DictionaryQuinidine - definition of quinidine by The Free Dictionary
Define quinidine. quinidine synonyms, quinidine pronunciation, quinidine translation, English dictionary definition of quinidine. n. A bitter alkaloid, C20H24N2O2, that is a stereoisomer of quinine, used in the form of its salts to treat malaria and certain cardiac arrhythmias.
http://www.thefreedictionary.com/quinidines
Quinidine Lactate and Gluconate in the Suppression of Ectopic Ventricular Tachycardias Associated with Myocardial Infarction |...Quinidine Lactate and Gluconate in the Suppression of Ectopic Ventricular Tachycardias Associated with Myocardial Infarction |...
In dogs with myocardial infarction, produced by a standard technic, rapid persistent ectopic ventricular tachycardia develops. Intravenous quinidine lactate and quinidine gluconate effectively control the arrhythmia in 56 to 60 per cent of the animals, but produce toxic reactions in many of them. Morphine sulfate prevents vomiting and diarrhea from quinidine, but does not prevent convulsive movements. The most effective treatment of the arrhythmia was by use of morphine followed by quinidine gluconate. This combination was successful in 89 to 100 per cent of the cases. Principles for guidance in the treatment of severe ventricular arrhythmias have been drawn from these studies.. ...
http://circ.ahajournals.org/content/4/4/522
Molecular analysis of a binding site for quinidine in a human cardiac delayed rectifier K+ channel. Role of S6 in...Molecular analysis of a binding site for quinidine in a human cardiac delayed rectifier K+ channel. Role of S6 in...
The antiarrhythmic agent quinidine blocks the human cardiac hKv1.5 channel expressed in mammalian cells at therapeutically relevant concentrations (EC50, 6.2 mumol/L). Mechanistic analysis has suggested that quinidine acts as a cationic open-channel blocker at a site in the internal mouth of the ionic pore and that binding is stabilized by hydrophobic interactions. We tested these hypotheses using site-directed mutagenesis of residues proposed to line the internal mouth of the channel or of nearby residues. Amino acid substitutions in the midsection of S6 (T505I, T505V, T505S, and V512A) reduced the dissociation rate for quinidine, increased the affinity (0.7, 1.5, 3.4, and 1.4 mumol/L, respectively), and preserved both the voltage-dependent open channel-block mechanism and the electrical binding distance (0.19 to 0.22). In contrast, smaller or nonsignificant effects were observed for: deletion of the intracellular C-terminal domain, charge neutralizations in the region immediately C-terminal to S6,
https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Molecular-analysis-of-a-binding-site-for-quinidine-Yeola-Rich/1a0ef0036e404762f708202e658978fd9d4b495a
NUEDEXTA (Quinidine sulfate,Dextromethorphan) dosage, indication, interactions, side effects | EMPRNUEDEXTA (Quinidine sulfate,Dextromethorphan) dosage, indication, interactions, side effects | EMPR
NUEDEXTA (Quinidine sulfate,Dextromethorphan) drug information & product resources from MPR including dosage information, educational materials, & patient assistance.
http://www.endocrinologyadvisor.com/nuedexta/drug/3809/
NUEDEXTA (Quinidine sulfate,Dextromethorphan) dosage, indication, interactions, side effects | EMPR - ONANUEDEXTA (Quinidine sulfate,Dextromethorphan) dosage, indication, interactions, side effects | EMPR - ONA
NUEDEXTA (Quinidine sulfate,Dextromethorphan) drug information & product resources from MPR including dosage information, educational materials, & patient assistance.
https://www.oncologynurseadvisor.com/nuedexta/drug/3809/
Quinidine Sulfate 10 mg/mL Oral SuspensionQuinidine Sulfate 10 mg/mL Oral Suspension
Method of Preparation: Calculate the quantity of each ingredient for the amount to be prepared. Accurately weigh or measure each ingredient. Crush the tablets to a fine powder or use the quinidine sulfate powder. Add about 25 mL of Ora-Plus, and mix to form a smooth paste. Add the remaining Ora-Plus and mix well. In portions, add the Ora-Sweet or the Ora-Sweet SF, with thorough mixing between each addition, until the final volume is obtained. (Alternatively, Ora-Blend or Ora-Blend-SF could be used instead for this formulation.) Package and label.. Use: This preparation has been used as an antiarrhythmic agent for patients who cannot swallow solid dosage forms.. Packaging: Package in tight, light-resistant containers.. Labeling: Keep out of reach of children. Discard after ____ [time period]. Shake well before taking.. Stability: A beyond-use date of up to 60 days when stored at room temperature or in a refrigerator may be used for this preparation.1,2. Quality Control: Quality-control assessment ...
https://www.uspharmacist.com/article/quinidine-sulfate-10-mg-ml-oral-suspension
Quinidine sulfate / quinidine sulfate NDA 087909 international drug patent coverage, generic alternatives and suppliersQuinidine sulfate / quinidine sulfate NDA 087909 international drug patent coverage, generic alternatives and suppliers
Drugs may be covered by multiple patents or regulatory protections. All trademarks and applicant names are the property of their respective owners or licensors. Although great care is taken in the proper and correct provision of this service, thinkBiotech LLC does not accept any responsibility for possible consequences of errors or omissions in the provided data. The data presented herein is for information purposes only. There is no warranty that the data contained herein is error free. thinkBiotech performs no independent verifification of facts as provided by public sources nor are attempts made to provide legal or investing advice. Any reliance on data provided herein is done solely at the discretion of the user. Users of this service are advised to seek professional advice and independent confirmation before considering acting on any of the provided information. thinkBiotech LLC reserves the right to amend, extend or withdraw any part or all of the offered service without notice. ...
https://www.drugpatentwatch.com/p/NDA/087909
Assessment of the Efficacy Safety and Tolerability of AVP-786 (Deudextromethorphan Hydrobromide [d6-DM]/Quinidine Sulfate [Q]...Assessment of the Efficacy Safety and Tolerability of AVP-786 (Deudextromethorphan Hydrobromide [d6-DM]/Quinidine Sulfate [Q]...
Clinical trial for Agitation in Patients With Dementia of the Alzheimers Type , Assessment of the Efficacy Safety and Tolerability of AVP-786 (Deudextromethorphan Hydrobromide [d6-DM]/Quinidine Sulfate [Q]) for the Treatment of Agitation in Patients With Dementia of the Alzheimers Type
https://www.centerwatch.com/clinical-trials/listings/157886/agitation-in-patients-with-dementia-of-the-alzheimers-type-assessment-efficacy-safety/?section=elg&geo_lat=41.3661865&geo_lng=2.1164942&radius=10
Quinidine Gluconate Injection (quinidine gluconate) dose, indications, adverse effects, interactions... from PDR.netQuinidine Gluconate Injection (quinidine gluconate) dose, indications, adverse effects, interactions... from PDR.net
PDR Drug Summaries are concise point-of-care prescribing, dosing and administering information to help phsyicans more efficiently and accurately prescribe in their practice PDRs drug summaries are available free of charge and serve as a great resource for US based MDs, DOs, NPs and PAs in patient practice
http://www.pdr.net/drug-summary/Quinidine-Gluconate-Injection-quinidine-gluconate-981
VENTRICULAR TACHYCARDIA-A REPORT OF TEN CASES, EIGHT OF WHICH WERE TREATED WITH QUINIDINE WITH RECOVERY IN SEVEN* | Annals of...VENTRICULAR TACHYCARDIA-A REPORT OF TEN CASES, EIGHT OF WHICH WERE TREATED WITH QUINIDINE WITH RECOVERY IN SEVEN* | Annals of...
Review of the recent literature reveals little dealing with the effects of large doses of quinidine on ventricular tachycardia. No series comparable in size to this one has been noted within the past 15 years. McMillan1 recently reported two cases following coronary thrombosis treated successfully with quinidine. Reich2 reported a cure with a total of 185 grains given in a period of two and a half days, a dosage believed by him and also by Levine3 and Gold4 to be the largest dose given in a period of 60 hours. Some of the cases in this series had quinidine in ...
http://annals.org/aim/article-abstract/673248/ventricular-tachycardia-report-ten-cases-eight-which-were-treated-quinidine
Quinidine (Oral route, injection route, intramuscular route)Quinidine (Oral route, injection route, intramuscular route)
Oral route(Tablet;Tablet, Extended Release). Active antiarrhythmic therapy has resulted in increased mortality; the risk of active therapy is probably greatest in patients with structural heart disease. In a meta-analysis, the mortality associated with the use of quinidine was more than 3 times as great as the mortality associated with the use of placebo. Another meta-analysis showed that in patients with various non-life-threatening ventricular arrhythmias, the mortality associated with the use of quinidine was consistently greater than that associated with the use of alternative antiarrhythmics .. Oral route(Tablet, Extended Release). Many trials of antiarrhythmic therapy for non-life-threatening arrhythmias have resulted in increased mortality; the risk of therapy is probably greatest in patients with structural heart disease. In the case of quinidine used to prevent or defer recurrence of atrial flutter or fibrillation, meta-analysis data have shown that the mortality associated with the use ...
https://www.allinahealth.org/CCS/doc/Thomson%20Detailed%20Drugs/47/601191.htm
Quinidine - Side Effects, Uses, Dosage, Overdose, Pregnancy, Alcohol | RxWikiQuinidine - Side Effects, Uses, Dosage, Overdose, Pregnancy, Alcohol | RxWiki
Quinidine - Get up-to-date information on Quinidine side effects, uses, dosage, overdose, pregnancy, alcohol and more. Learn more about Quinidine
https://www.rxwiki.com/quinidine/
QuinidineQuinidine
Quinidine is an alkaloid obtained from various species of Cinchona or its hybrids, from Remijia pedunculata, or from quinine. Quinidine is the dextror
http://www.brainkart.com/article/Quinidine_28073/
Quinidine injection | StayWell Health Library | MainQuinidine injection | StayWell Health Library | Main
Quinidine injection What is this medicine? QUINIDINE (KWIN i deen) is an antiarrhythmic drug. It helps make your heart beat regularly. This medicine also helps to slow rapid heartbeats. It is also used to treat certain types of malaria. How should I use this medicine? This medicine is for injection into a muscle or infusion into a vein. It is given by a health care professional in a hospital or clinic setting. Talk to your pediatrician regarding the use of this medicine in children. Special care may be ...
http://www.lifebridgehealth.org/Main/HealthLibrary/21435.aspx?email=1
Plus itPlus it
Several agents can decrease or increase currents through ion channels, depending on the voltage clamp protocols. This is the case for the dihydropyridine Ca channel antagonists/agonists (Hess et al., 1984). For K channels, several such cases have been described. These include the effects of almokalant on the rapid component of delayed rectifier (IKr) K channels in rabbit ventricular myocytes (Carmeliet, 1993), azimilide (AZ) on the slow component of delayed rectifier channels in guinea pig cardiac myocytes (Davies et al., 1996), and quinidine on Kv1.2 expressed inXenopus oocytes (Tseng et al., 1996). The agonist effects (increasing current amplitudes) of all these K channel drugs manifest one common feature: they are associated with a hyperpolarizing shift in the voltage dependence of channel activation, suggesting that drug-induced modifications of channels gating processes may be involved. This is supported by the observations that the agonist effect of quinidine on Kv1.2 is accompanied by a ...
http://jpet.aspetjournals.org/content/291/3/1324
Effects of Temperature, Na and K Concentration and Quinidine on Transmembrane Flux of K42 and Incidence of Atrial Fibrillation ...Effects of Temperature, Na and K Concentration and Quinidine on Transmembrane Flux of K42 and Incidence of Atrial Fibrillation ...
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http://circres.ahajournals.org/content/6/4/516
DailyMed - Search Results for QUINIDINE SULFATEDailyMed - Search Results for QUINIDINE SULFATE
Due to inconsistencies between the drug labels on DailyMed and the pill images provided by RxImage, we no longer display the RxImage pill images associated with drug labels. We anticipate reposting the images once we are able identify and filter out images that do not match the information provided in the drug labels. ...
https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/search.cfm?labeltype=all&query=QUINIDINE+SULFATE
Reply to: Amiodarone and quinidine for postoperative atrial arrhythmias (J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1990;99:942) - Semantic...Reply to: Amiodarone and quinidine for postoperative atrial arrhythmias (J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1990;99:942) - Semantic...
Semantic Scholar extracted view of Reply to: Amiodarone and quinidine for postoperative atrial arrhythmias (J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1990;99:942) by H F McAlister et al.
https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Reply-to-Amiodarone-and-quinidine-for-postoperativ-McAlister-Luke/b320be993da4150607d9b4ec3b7faa453f61f59b
Quinidine | Colorado PROFILES
An optical isomer of quinine, extracted from the bark of the CHINCHONA tree and similar plant species. This alkaloid dampens the excitability of cardiac and skeletal muscles by blocking sodium and potassium currents across cellular membranes. It prolongs cellular ACTION POTENTIALS, and decreases automaticity. Quinidine also blocks muscarinic and alpha-adrenergic neurotransmission ...
https://profiles.ucdenver.edu/display/204377
quinidine - definition and meaningquinidine - definition and meaning
quinidine: A colorless crystalline alkaloid, C20H24N2O2, resembling quinine and used in treating malaria and certain heart disorders.
https://www.wordnik.com/words/quinidine
Quinidine Tablets - FDA prescribing information, side effects and usesQuinidine Tablets - FDA prescribing information, side effects and uses
Quinidine Tablets official prescribing information for healthcare professionals. Includes: indications, dosage, adverse reactions, pharmacology and more.
https://www.drugs.com/pro/quinidine-tablets.html
quinidine | Ligand page | IUPHAR/BPS Guide to PHARMACOLOGYquinidine | Ligand page | IUPHAR/BPS Guide to PHARMACOLOGY
The IUPHAR/BPS Guide to Pharmacology. quinidine ligand page. Quantitative data and detailed annnotation of the targets of licensed and experimental drugs.
http://www.guidetopharmacology.org/GRAC/LigandDisplayForward?tab=refs&ligandId=2342
MEDLINE - Resultado p gina 1
AIMS: Short QT syndrome (SQTS) is an inherited disorder associated with abnormally abbreviated QT intervals and an increased incidence of atrial and ventricular arrhythmias. SQT1 variant (linked to the rapid delayed rectifier potassium channel current, IKr) of SQTS, results from an inactivation-attenuated, gain-of-function mutation (N588K) in the KCNH2-encoded potassium channels. Pro-arrhythmogenic effects of SQT1 have been well characterized, but less is known about the possible pharmacological antiarrhythmic treatment of SQT1. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the potential effects of E-4031, disopyramide and quinidine on SQT1 using a mathematical model of human ventricular electrophysiology. METHODS: The ten Tusscher et al. biophysically detailed model of the human ventricular action potential (AP) was modified to incorporate IKr Markov chain (MC) formulations based on experimental data of the kinetics of the N588K mutation of the KCNH2-encoded subunit of the IKr channels. The modified ...
http://bases.bireme.br/cgi-bin/wxislind.exe/iah/online/?IsisScript=iah/iah.xis&nextAction=lnk&base=MEDLINE&lang=p&format=detailed.pft&indexSearch=EX&exprSearch=D03.383.725.227
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Xenobiotics, such as amiloride, MPP+, and quinine, that are transported at low rates by the mammalian luminal OC exchanger and compete for the OC binding site on the carrier, are known to trans-inhibit OC transport (Lazaruk and Wright, 1990;Rafizadeh et al., 1986; Sokol et al., 1987;Wright and Wunz, 1987). Likewise, several xenobioticstrans-inhibited TEA efflux from avian renal BBMV (fig. 3). The relatively low transport capacity for these and other xenobiotic substrates may be a direct, but adverse consequence of the high-affinity binding of the substrate to the exchanger. Kinetic analyses conducted on rabbit renal BBMV determined that amiloride and quinidine were competitive inhibitors of OC/H+exchange (Wright and Wunz, 1987; Ott et al., 1991). Preliminary kinetic analysis suggested that the inhibitory potency and low transport efficacy of amiloride, procainamide and quinidine may possibly involve allosteric interactions; however, based on these preliminary data, it cannot be said whether ...
http://jpet.aspetjournals.org/content/287/3/944
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BACKGROUND: Short QT syndrome (SQTS) is a rare and life-threatening arrhythmogenic syndrome characterized by abbreviated repolarization. Hydroquinidine (HQ) prolongs the QT interval in SQTS patients, although whether it reduces cardiac events is currently unknown. OBJECTIVES: This study investigated whether long-term treatment with HQ reduces the occurrence of life-threatening arrhythmic events (LAE) (cardiac arrest or sudden cardiac death) in SQTS patients. METHODS: In this cohort study on consecutive SQTS patients, 2 analyses were performed: 1) a matched-period analysis for the occurrence of LAE in 17 SQTS patients who received long-term HQ; and 2) a comparison of the annual incidence of LAE off- and on-HQ in 16 SQTS patients who survived a cardiac arrest ...
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Information on Registered Substances comes from registration dossiers which have been assigned a registration number. The assignment of a registration number does however not guarantee that the information in the dossier is correct or that the dossier is compliant with Regulation (EC) No 1907/2006 (the REACH Regulation). This information has not been reviewed or verified by the Agency or any other authority. The content is subject to change without prior notice ...
https://echa.europa.eu/sv/registration-dossier/-/registered-dossier/16705/4/14
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Anticholinergic effects of disopyramide and quinidine on guinea pig myocardium. Mediation by direct muscarinic receptor...Anticholinergic effects of disopyramide and quinidine on guinea pig myocardium. Mediation by direct muscarinic receptor...
We studied the interaction of disopyramide, quinidine, and procainamide with cardiac muscarinic receptors. In electrophysiological experiments, the effects of disopyramide, quinidine, procainamide, and atropine were determined on spontaneously depolarizing guinea pig right atria (GPRA) both in the presence and absence of pharmacologically induced (physostigmine) cholinergic stimulation. All four agents demonstrated a concentration-dependent antagonism of the negative chronotropic effects of physostigmine. The order of anticholinergic potency was atropine greater than disopyramide greater than quinidine greater than procainamide. The ability of disopyramide to antagonize the physostigmine induced slowing was stereoselective, (+)disopyramide greater than (-)disopyramide. In contrast, the ability of quinidine to antagonize the negative chronotropic effects of physostigmine was non-stereoselective, quinidine = quinine. In parallel experiments, we studied the ability of disopyramide, quinidine, ...
http://circres.ahajournals.org/content/47/6/855
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Quinidine is a pharmaceutical agent that acts as a class I antiarrhythmic agent (Ia) in the heart. It is a stereoisomer of quinine, originally derived from the bark of the cinchona tree. The drug causes increased action potential duration, as well as a prolonged QT interval. Quinidine is used as a class I antiarrhythmic agent, that is, to prevent ventricular arrhythmias. It is also used to maintain sinus rhythm after cardioversion of atrial fibrillation and to treat short QT syndrome. A combination of dextromethorphan and quinidine has been shown to alleviate symptoms of easy laughing and crying (pseudobulbar affect) in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and multiple sclerosis. This drug is marketed as Nuedexta in the United States. Intravenous quinidine is also indicated for treatment of Plasmodium falciparum malaria. However, quinidine is not considered the first-line therapy for P. falciparum. The recommended treatments for P. falciparum malaria, according to the Toronto Notes 2008, ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quinidine
IJMS | Free Full-Text | Stereoselective Blockage of Quinidine and Quinine in the hERG Channel and the Effect of Their Rescue...IJMS | Free Full-Text | Stereoselective Blockage of Quinidine and Quinine in the hERG Channel and the Effect of Their Rescue...
Diastereoisomers of quinidine and quinine are used to treat arrhythmia and malaria, respectively. It has been reported that both drugs block the hERG (human ether-a-go-go-related gene) potassium channel which is essential for myocardium repolarization. Abnormality of repolarization increases risk of arrhythmia. The aim of our research is to study and compare the impacts of quinidine and quinine on hERG. Results show that both drugs block the hERG channel, with quinine 14-fold less potent than quinidine. In addition, they presented distinct impacts on channel dynamics. The results imply their stereospecific block effect on the hERG channel. However, F656C-hERG reversed this stereoselectivity. The mutation decreases affinity of the two drugs with hERG, and quinine was more potent than quinidine in F656C-hERG blockage. These data suggest that F656 residue contributes to the stereoselective pocket for quinidine and quinine. Further study demonstrates that both drugs do not change hERG protein levels. In
http://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/17/10/1648
007831: Quinidine, Serum or Plasma | LabCorp007831: Quinidine, Serum or Plasma | LabCorp
This Class 1A drug is useful in both supraventricular and ventricular arrhythmias. It major uses are to maintain sinus rhythm after conversion of atrial flutter or fibrillation, to prevent ventricular tachycardia, and for long-term prophylaxis in patients with AV nodal reentrant tachycardia and automatic atrial tachycardia. Quinidine also has been used to prevent symptomatic premature supraventricular and ventricular complexes. Because it slows conduction and prolongs the refractory period of the accessory pathway and suppresses automaticity of ectopic pacemakers, quinidine may prevent recurrences of paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia caused by reentry over a concealed pathway or AV reciprocating tachycardia associated with the Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome. It also may slow the ventricular response to atrial flutter or fibrillation in the preëxcitation syndrome. Quinidine is often preferred to procainamide for long-term therapy because elevated antinuclear antibody titers and ...
https://www.labcorp.com/test-menu/34056/quinidine-serum-or-plasma
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Finally, Karen found a name for the symptoms in an MS forum: PseudoBulbar Affect, also known as PBA-sudden, frequent, uncontrollable episodes of crying and/or laughing that are exaggerated and/or dont match how the person feels. And in 2009, she and Ross heard about a clinical trial for a drug being studied for the treatment of PBA.. I wanted to feel comfortable and to stop worrying about the crying and laughing episodes. I had to do something, says Karen.. ...
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Finally, Karen found a name for the symptoms in an MS forum: PseudoBulbar Affect, also known as PBA-sudden, frequent, uncontrollable episodes of crying and/or laughing that are exaggerated and/or dont match how the person feels. And in 2009, she and Ross heard about a clinical trial for a drug being studied for the treatment of PBA.. I wanted to feel comfortable and to stop worrying about the crying and laughing episodes. I had to do something, says Karen.. ...
https://www.nuedexta.com/index.php/real-stories-karen
Nuedexta (dextromethorphan HBr and quinidine sulfate) PseudoBulbar Affect PBA Treatment | Neurology | TheSocialMedworkNuedexta (dextromethorphan HBr and quinidine sulfate) PseudoBulbar Affect PBA Treatment | Neurology | TheSocialMedwork
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TY - CHAP. T1 - Drug-Induced Thrombocytopenia. AU - Mitchell, W. Beau. AU - Bennett, Carolyn M.. PY - 2013/6/11. Y1 - 2013/6/11. UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=84903503927&partnerID=8YFLogxK. UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=84903503927&partnerID=8YFLogxK. U2 - 10.1016/B978-0-12-397164-7.00099-9. DO - 10.1016/B978-0-12-397164-7.00099-9. M3 - Chapter. AN - SCOPUS:84903503927. SN - 9780123971647. SP - 647. EP - 650. BT - Transfusion Medicine and Hemostasis. PB - Elsevier Inc.. ER - ...
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Drug Offers Control for Laughing/Crying Outbursts | Quest Magazine OnlineDrug Offers Control for Laughing/Crying Outbursts | Quest Magazine Online
Zenvia (formerly called Neurodex) is a combination of two drugs, dextromethorphan and quinidine. Two dosage formulations were used in the trial: 30 milligrams of dextromethorphan combined with 10 milligrams of quinidine and 20 milligrams of dextromethorphan combined with 10 milligrams of quinidine. Avanir reports both dosages significantly reduced episodes of PBA compared to a placebo. The drug was generally safe and well tolerated. ...
http://quest.mda.org/news/drug-offers-control-laughingcrying-outbursts
BioCentury - AVP-786: Phase I dataBioCentury - AVP-786: Phase I data
Data from 36 healthy volunteers in the first stage of a double-blind, crossover Phase I trial showed that AVP-786 plus low-dose quinidine had a comparable pharmacokinetic, safety and tolerability profile to that of AVP-923, a combination product containing dextromethorphan and a higher dose of quinidine (10 mg) than that given with AVP-786. Avanir said AVP-786 and AVP-923 contained the same amount of dextromethorphan in the trial, but declined to disclose the actual dose.
https://www.biocentury.com/bc-week-review/clinical-news/clinical-results/2013-02-18/avp-786-phase-i-data
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Safety and Efficacy of AVP-923 in PBA Patients With ALS or MS - Study Results - ClinicalTrials.govSafety and Efficacy of AVP-923 in PBA Patients With ALS or MS - Study Results - ClinicalTrials.gov
AVP-923 capsules containing 30 mg dextromethorphan (DM) and 10 mg quinidine (Q) taken orally once daily for 1 week and twice daily for 11 additional consecutive weeks for a 12 week double-blind (DB) period. Subjects who completed the DB period of this treatment arm could begin an optional 12 week open-label extension (OLE) period taking AVP-923 capsule containing 30 mg DM and 10 mg Q twice daily ...
https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/results/NCT00573443?sect=Xc0156&view=results
Safety and Efficacy of AVP-923 in PBA Patients With ALS or MS - Study Results - ClinicalTrials.govSafety and Efficacy of AVP-923 in PBA Patients With ALS or MS - Study Results - ClinicalTrials.gov
AVP-923 capsules containing 30 mg dextromethorphan (DM) and 10 mg quinidine (Q) taken orally once daily for 1 week and twice daily for 11 additional consecutive weeks for a 12 week double-blind (DB) period. Subjects who completed the DB period of this treatment arm could begin an optional 12 week open-label extension (OLE) period taking AVP-923 capsule containing 30 mg DM and 10 mg Q twice daily ...
https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/results/NCT00573443?sect=X01&view=results
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SCH 66712 [5-fluoro-2-[4-[(2-phenyl-1H-imidazol-5-yl)methyl]-1-piperazinyl]pyrimidine] caused a time- and NADPH-dependent loss of CYP2D6 activity. The inactivation of human liver (HL) microsomal dextromethorphanO-demethylase activity, a prototype marker for CYP2D6, was characterized by a K I of 4.8 μM and a maximal rate constant of inactivation (k inact) of 0.14 min−1. The inactivation of the recombinant CYP2D6 in Supersomes (r-CYP2D6) was characterized by a K I of 0.55 μM and ak inact of 0.32 min−1. Extensive dialysis of the SCH 66712-inhibited enzyme failed to restore the activity to control levels (dialyzed reaction mixture lacking SCH 66712) for both HL microsomes and r-CYP2D6. Addition of glutathione, superoxide dismutase, or mannitol to the reaction mixture failed to protect CYP2D6 against SCH 66712-NADPH-catalyzed inactivation. Addition of quinidine, a reversible inhibitor of CYP2D6, to a preincubation mixture consisting of SCH 66712, HL microsomes, or Supersomes and NADPH partially ...
https://dmd.aspetjournals.org/content/29/6/863
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Quinidine, which is an ingredient in Nuedexta, has been known to cause hepatitis.. Common Side Effects Of Nuedexta. The most common side effects to be aware of are diarrhea, cough, dizziness, vomiting, swelling of the feet and ankles, weakness and more. Be sure to call your doctor immediately if youre unsure of any possible side effect. Talking to your physician will rule out the possibility of an allergic or potentially fatal reaction.. Nuedexta cost. Your cost for Nuedexta can vary depending on insurance coverage and where you purchased the drug. According to a price guide from drugs.com, a 60 capsule count could cost $809 dollars using a discount card. Other locations offer the same supply at just under that price when you purchase the medicine with a coupon. The average retail price without any discounts or coupons comes in at just under $900 dollars.. If You Cant Afford Your Medication. If you cant afford your co-pay or your medicine, call Nuedexta and discuss the options for your ...
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Platelet measurements versus discharge diagnoses for identification of patients with potential drug-induced thrombocytopenia: a...Platelet measurements versus discharge diagnoses for identification of patients with potential drug-induced thrombocytopenia: a...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Platelet measurements versus discharge diagnoses for identification of patients with potential drug-induced thrombocytopenia. T2 - a cross-sectional study in the Netherlands. AU - ten Berg, Maarten J. AU - van Solinge, Wouter W. AU - van den Bemt, Patricia M L A. AU - Huisman, Albert. AU - Schobben, Alfred F A M. AU - Egberts, Toine C G. PY - 2009. Y1 - 2009. N2 - BACKGROUND: In pharmacoepidemiological studies on the risk of drug-induced blood dyscrasias, including drug-induced thrombocytopenia (DIT), hospital discharge diagnoses have been used to identify potential cases. One of the possible limitations of discharge diagnoses is that due to incomplete registration not all potential cases are identified, which may limit statistical power. Clinical laboratory data have been suggested as a data type that is potentially more sensitive for identifying potential cases of adverse drug reactions than discharge diagnoses.OBJECTIVE: To compare the number of patients with potential DIT ...
https://research.rug.nl/en/publications/platelet-measurements-versus-discharge-diagnoses-for-identificati
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Effects of antiarrhythmic drugs on HCN4 channel currents in HEK293 cells Effects of type Ia antiarrhythmic drugs, quinidine, disopyramide, and cibenzoline, on the HCN4 channel current were examined in HEK293 cells. Quinidine developed a simple reduction of the HCN4 channel current at a concentration of 30 uM. The assessed IC50 value of quinidine for inhibiting the HCN4 channel current purchase Celecoxib was 78. 3 uM, which was greater than the therapeutic concentration of quinidine. Cibenzoline and disopyramide also inhibited the HCN4 channel current weakly, with calculated IC50 values of 46. 249 and 8 uM, respectively, which were both more than the therapeutic concentrations. Ramifications of class Ib anti-arrhythmic medications, aprindine, and lidocaine, mexiletine, to the HCN4 channel current were also examined in HEK293 cells. Lidocaine at a concentration Organism of 30 uM inhibited the HCN4 channel current, specially at hyperpolarizing currents below 100 mV. The inhibitory effect of ...
https://mdmsignaling.com/2013/10/
Nuedexta (dextromethorphan/quinidine) dosing, indications, interactions, adverse effects, and moreNuedexta (dextromethorphan/quinidine) dosing, indications, interactions, adverse effects, and more
Medscape - Pseudobulbar affect dosing for Nuedexta dextromethorphan/quinidine), frequency-based adverse effects, comprehensive interactions, contraindications, pregnancy & lactation schedules, and cost information.
https://reference.medscape.com/drug/nuedexta-dextromethorphan-quinidine-999608
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The diagnosis of drug-induced thrombocytopenia is often empirical. A temporal relationship must be present between the initiation of the drug and the development of thrombocytopenia, with no other exp... more
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1)Review elementary knowledge related to myocardium physiology: action potential phases and ions across membrane. Automaticity, conductivity, excitability, absolute refractory period, effecitive refractory period, action potential duration, reentry, mechanism of arrhythmias. (2)The classification of antiarrhythmic drugs: Na+ channel blocking drugs(Ⅰa): quinidine: decrease membrane permeability to Na+, also decrease membrane permeability to K+, Ca2+, decrease automatioty, conduction speed, prolong effective refractory period, decrease cardiac contractity, ECG changes, used to treat atrial fibillation, atrial flutter, side effects: syncope, precautions in using qunidine. Procainamide: the difference with quinidine. Ⅰb: lidocaine, promote K+ efflux, and inhibit Na+ influx, mainly affect on purkinjes system, decrease automaticity, enhance the conduction speed of damaged fiber, shortening refractory period and duration of action potential. Used to treat ventricular arrhythmias. Pharmacokinetics ...
http://medpdffinder.com/t/trp.jlu.edu.cn1.html
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Atrial and AV-nodal physiology in horses: Electrophysiologic and echocardiographic characterization and pharmacologic effects...
Atrial fibrillation (AF) is considered the most common arrhythmia affecting exercise performance in horses. Quinidine is an effective therapy for conversion of AF to sinus rhythm, but treatment is associated with a number of adverse clinical effects. Furthermore, residual electrical and mechanical abnormalities of the equine atria may account for the recurrence of AF following successful therapy. Relative to these issues, we sought to better understand the physiology of the in vivo equine atria and the associated sinoatrial and atrioventricular (AV) nodal tissues. In treating horses with AF using the drug quinidine, a common adverse effect is marked acceleration of the ventricular response rate prompting early discontinuation of treatment. Diltiazem effectively controls ventricular response to AF in other species, but has not been evaluated in horses. In our first series of experiments we studied the pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic effects of the calcium channel blocker diltiazem on the ...
http://www.openthesis.org/documents/Atrial-AV-nodal-physiology-in-542823.html
Genetic variations in ABCB1 and CYP3A5 as well as sex influence quinine disposition among UgandansGenetic variations in ABCB1 and CYP3A5 as well as sex influence quinine disposition among Ugandans
Abstract: Quinine is one of the most effective antimalarial drugs, although its clinical use is limited as a result of its narrow safety margin. Quinine is a substrate of the polymorphic p-glycoprotein and CYP3A4/3A5. This study aimed to examine the effects of genetic variations in ABCB1 and CYP3A5 genes, sex, demographic, and biochemical variables (serum albumin, creatinine, alanine aminotransferase and albumin) on quinine disposition among Ugandans. Quinine (600 mg) was orally administered to 140 healthy volunteers. Quinine and its metabolite 3-hydroxyquinine concentrations were determined from 16-hour postdose plasma by high-performance liquid chromatography. CYP3A5 activity was measured using quinine/3-hydroxyquinine ratio (metabolic ratio). Genotyping for a total of 20 single nucleotide polymorphisms in ABCB1 (n = 13) and CYP3A5 (n = 7) was done using Taqman and minisequencing on microarray. There were 20.5- and 13-fold variations in body weight adjusted plasma quinine concentrations (mean ...
http://makir.mak.ac.ug/handle/10570/645
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QuinidineQuinidine
... sulfate is used in the treatment of atrial fibrillation in horses. Grace AA, Camm AJ (1998). "Quinidine". N. Engl. J ... Quinidine is also used to treat short QT syndrome. Eli Lilly has discontinued manufacture of parenteral quinidine gluconate in ... The dose of quinidine (10mg two times daily) is about 1/40th of a relatively low antiarrhythmic dose (400mg, twice or 3 times ... Quinidine is also an inhibitor of the cytochrome P450 enzyme 2D6, and can lead to increased blood levels of lidocaine, beta ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quinidine
Pseudobulbar affectPseudobulbar affect
... dextromethorphan hydrobromide 30 mg/quinidine sulfate 10 mg (N=110) Nuedexta - dextromethorphan hydrobromide 20 mg/quinidine ... Quinidine sulfate affects the way the heart beats, and is generally used in people with certain heart rhythm disorders. It is ... Dextromethorphan/quinidine is a combination of these two generic drugs, and is the first FDA-approved drug for the treatment of ... "Quinidine sulfate". PDRhealth™. 2016. Archived from the original on 2015-09-05. Retrieved 2016-02-18. "Label: NUEDEXTA- ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pseudobulbar_affect
Brugada syndromeBrugada syndrome
Quinidine is an antiarrhythmic drug that may reduce the chance of serious abnormal heart rhythms occurring in some people with ... Yang F, Hanon S, Lam P, Schweitzer P (April 2009). "Quinidine revisited". The American Journal of Medicine. 122 (4): 317-21. ... Belhassen B, Glick A, Viskin S (September 2004). "Efficacy of quinidine in high-risk patients with Brugada syndrome". ... while quinidine may be used longer term. Testing people's family members may be recommended. The condition affects between 1 ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brugada_syndrome
QuinineQuinine
... (and quinidine) are used as the chiral moiety for the ligands used in Sharpless asymmetric dihydroxylation as well as ... No injectable preparation of quinine is licensed in the US; quinidine is used instead. Quinine is a flavor component of tonic ... Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (April 1991). "Treatment with quinidine gluconate of persons with severe Plasmodium ... September 2005). "Effects of quinine, quinidine, and chloroquine on alpha9alpha10 nicotinic cholinergic receptors". Molecular ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quinine
DisopyramideDisopyramide
... 's Class 1a activity is similar to that of quinidine in that it targets sodium channels to inhibit conduction. ... Quinidine, procainamide and disopyramide". Drug Safety. 5 (6): 393-420. doi:10.2165/00002018-199005060-00002. PMID 2285495. ... in higher doses compared to quinidine. Levites proposed a possible secondary mode of action for disopyramide, against reentrant ... "Effects of intravenous disopyramide and quinidine on normal myocardium and on the characteristics of arrhythmias: ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Disopyramide
EncainideEncainide
Dykstra SJ, Minielli JL, Lawson JE, Ferguson HC, Dungan KW (September 1973). "Lysergic acid and quinidine analogs. 2-(o- ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Encainide
Antimalarial medicationAntimalarial medication
Quinimax and quinidine are the two most commonly used alkaloids related to quinine in the treatment or prevention of malaria. ... Quinidine is a direct derivative of quinine. It is a distereoisomer, thus having similar anti-malarial properties to the parent ... Quinidine is recommended only for the treatment of severe cases of malaria. Warburg's tincture was a febrifuge developed by ... Quinimax is a combination of four alkaloids (quinine, quinidine, cinchonine and cinchonidine). This combination has been shown ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antimalarial_medication
TrihexyphenidylTrihexyphenidyl
Quinidine : Increased anticholinergic action (particular on AV conduction). Antipsychotics : Long term use of trihexyphenidyl ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trihexyphenidyl
BiperidenBiperiden
Quinidine : Increased anticholinergic action (particular on AV conduction). Antipsychotics : Long-term use of biperiden may ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biperiden
Sodium channel blockerSodium channel blocker
While procainamide and quinidine may be used in the conversion of atrial fibrillation to normal sinus rhythm, they should only ... Class Ia agents include quinidine, procainamide and disopyramide. Class Ib antiarrhythmic agents are sodium channel blockers. ... because procainamide and quinidine can increase the conduction through the AV node and may cause 1:1 conduction of atrial ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sodium_channel_blocker
TetrandrineTetrandrine
It has a quinidine-like anti-arrhythmic effect. It has vasodilatory properties and can therefore reduce blood pressure. ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tetrandrine
CardioversionCardioversion
Procainamide, quinidine and disopyramide are Class Ia agents. Class 1b drugs lengthen phase 3 repolarization. They include ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cardioversion
CinchonaCinchona
Two more key alkaloids, quinidine and cinchonidine, were later identified and it became a routine in quinology to examine the ... The bark contains alkaloids, including quinine and quinidine. Cinchona is the only economically practical source of quinine, a ... Cinchona alkaloids include: cinchonine and cinchonidine (stereoisomers with R1 = vinyl, R2 = hydrogen) quinine and quinidine ( ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cinchona
LoperamideLoperamide
... taken with quinidine was found to produce respiratory depression, indicative of central opioid action. Loperamide ... Concurrent administration of P-glycoprotein inhibitors such as quinidine potentially allows loperamide to cross the blood-brain ... Common P-glycoprotein inhibitors include quinidine, ritonavir, and ketoconazole. Loperamide is capable of decreasing the ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Loperamide
ChlorpromazineChlorpromazine
Quinidine may interact with chlorpromazine to increase myocardial depression. Likewise, it may also antagonize the effects of ... Other drugs that prolong the QT interval, such as quinidine, verapamil, amiodarone, sotalol and methadone, may also interact ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chlorpromazine
Cholinergic blocking drugsCholinergic blocking drugs
Medications indicated for: Irregular heartbeat, e.g. disopyramide, quinidine. Drug-induced arrhythmia worsened by ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cholinergic_blocking_drugs
AmikacinAmikacin
Quinidine also increases levels of amikacin in the body. The NSAID indomethacin can increase serum aminoglycoside levels in ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amikacin
DextrorphanDextrorphan
Relevance to dextromethorphan/quinidine (Nuedexta®) clinical use". Pharmacol. Ther. 164: 170-82. doi:10.1016/j.pharmthera. ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dextrorphan
ProcainamideProcainamide
Due to the loss of Indonesia in World War II, the source for cinchona alkaloids, a precursor of quinidine, was reduced. This ... As a result, procaine was discovered, which has similar cardiac effects as quinidine. In 1936 it was found by Mautz that by ... These were the cardiac glycosides, quinidine, propranolol, lidocaine and diphenylhydantoin. In January 1996, extended release ... but it had the same toxicity profile as quinidine, and it could cause systemic lupus erythematosus-like syndrome. These ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Procainamide
Deep hypothermic circulatory arrestDeep hypothermic circulatory arrest
Woodhall B, Sealy WC, Hall KD, Floyd WL (July 1960). "Craniotomy under conditions of quinidine-protected cardioplegia and ... Woodhall B, Sealy WC, Hall KD, Floyd WL (July 1960). "Craniotomy under conditions of quinidine-protected cardioplegia and ... Woodhall B, Sealy WC, Hall KD, Floyd WL (July 1960). "Craniotomy under conditions of quinidine-protected cardioplegia and ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deep_hypothermic_circulatory_arrest
AcetazolamideAcetazolamide
Quinidine, reduces urinary excretion of quinidine, hence increasing the potential for toxicity. Salicylates, potential for ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acetazolamide
AmaurosisAmaurosis
Quinidine toxicity can lead to cinchonism and also to quinine amaurosis.[citation needed] Those experiencing amaurosis are ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amaurosis
Cinchona officinalisCinchona officinalis
Other alkaloids that are extracted from this tree include cinchonine, cinchonidine and quinidine. Standley, Paul C. (1936). " ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cinchona_officinalis
Potassium channel blockerPotassium channel blocker
Drugs such as quinidine may be both reverse use dependent and use dependent. Examples of calcium-activated channel blockers ... Reverse use dependent drugs that slow heart rate (such as quinidine) can be less effective at high heart rates. The ... such as quinidine) are more efficacious at preventing a tachyarrhythmia than converting someone into normal sinus rhythm.[ ... Bupivacaine Quinidine Fluoxetine Seproxetine (Norfluoxetine) 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) (phorbol 12-myristate ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Potassium_channel_blocker
Porphyria cutanea tardaPorphyria cutanea tarda
Protoporphyrin IX Complexes of the Antimalarial Cinchona Alkaloids Quinine and Quinidine". ACS Chemical Biology. 7 (4): 666-71 ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Porphyria_cutanea_tarda
IsoprenalineIsoprenaline
"Electrical storms in Brugada syndrome successfully treated with isoproterenol infusion and quinidine orally". Netherlands Heart ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isoprenaline
PindololPindolol
... shows membrane-stabilizing effects like quinidine, possibly accounting for its antiarrhythmic effects. It also acts as ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pindolol
FluconazoleFluconazole
... concomitant administration of fluconazole and quinidine, especially when fluconazole is administered in high dosages; take ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fluconazole
Baylis-Hillman reactionBaylis-Hillman reaction
β-ICD, a cinchona alkaloid derivative, is famous among the quinidine framework-based catalysts. 1,1,1,3,3,3,- ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baylis–Hillman_reaction
Barium cyanideBarium cyanide
... and Quinidine". Annual Review of Pharmacology and Toxicology. 16: 189-99. doi:10.1146/annurev.pa.16.040176.001201. PMID 779614 ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barium_cyanide
Worldwide Quinidine ShortageWorldwide Quinidine Shortage
As reported previously by heartwire , the absence of quinidine is posing problems for physicians, some of whom are forced to ... TEL AVIV, ISRAEL - Quinidine, a drug that is used by electrophysiologists to treat Brugada syndrome, is available worldwide in ... The researchers note that one of the quinidine brands available in the US is made in India, yet its not available to Indian ... "Quinidine is the only oral medication that has consistently shown efficacy in preventing arrhythmias and terminating arrhythmic ...
https://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/782243
CDC - Malaria - Quinidine Availability in the United StatesCDC - Malaria - Quinidine Availability in the United States
The pharmaceutical manufacturer of quinidine, Eli Lilly, recently announcedExternal. that it will no longer be producing IV ... As of today, intravenous quinidine gluconate remains available for the treatment of severe malaria. CDC and FDA are developing ... quinidine gluconate, but plans to continue distributing the product until the current stock expires (March 2019). ...
https://www.cdc.gov/malaria/new_info/2017/Quinidine_2017.html
DailyMed - QUINIDINE SULFATE tabletDailyMed - QUINIDINE SULFATE tablet
Quinidine-induced hypotension that is not due to an arrhythmia is likely to be a consequence of quinidine-related α-blockade ... Therapy with quinidine sulfate should be begun with 200 mg (equivalent to 166 mg of quinidine base) every six hours. If this ... Quinidine has no clinically significant effect on the pharmacokinetics of or Non-interactions of quinidine with other drugs: ... Quinidine sulfate is the sulfate salt of quinidine; its chemical name is cinchonan-9-ol, 6-methoxy-, (9 )-, sulfate(2:1) ...
https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/drugInfo.cfm?setid=02a34403-3cb9-4de7-8c40-9da281a8e5e1
Quinidine 10273-LQuinidine 10273-L
Testing Status of Quinidine 10273-L. CASRN: 56-54-2. Formula: C20-H24-N2-O2. Synonyms/Common Names. *(9S)-6-Methoxy-cinchonan- ...
https://ntp.niehs.nih.gov/go/ts-10273-l
Quinidine: MedlinePlus Drug InformationQuinidine: MedlinePlus Drug Information
Quinidine: learn about side effects, dosage, special precautions, and more on MedlinePlus ... Quinidine comes as a tablet (quinidine sulfate) and an extended-release (long-acting) tablet (quinidine gluconate) to take by ... Quinidine helps control your condition but will not cure it. Continue to take quinidine even if you feel well. Do not stop ... Before taking quinidine,. *tell your doctor and pharmacist if you are allergic to quinidine, quinine, or any other drugs. ...
https://medlineplus.gov/druginfo/meds/a682396.html
MedlinePlus - Search Results for: QUINIDINE
Quinidine Quinidine is used to treat certain types of irregular heartbeats. Quinidine is in a class of medications called ... Dextromethorphan and Quinidine The combination of dextromethorphan and quinidine is used to treat pseudobulbar affect (PBA; a ... mL (17.00 to 42.50 micromol/L) Quinidine: 2 to 5 mcg/mL (6.16 to ... than 16 mcg/mL (68.00 micromol/L) Quinidine: greater than ... decrease how fast the body gets rid of quinidine. Drinking grapefruit juice while taking quinidine might increase the chance of ...
http://vsearch.nlm.nih.gov/vivisimo/cgi-bin/query-meta?v:project=medlineplus&query=QUINIDINE
Quinidine-induced liver disease - PubMedQuinidine-induced liver disease - PubMed
Quinidine-induced liver disease A Deisseroth et al. Ann Intern Med. 1972 Oct. ... Quinidine-induced granulomatous hepatitis. Chajek T, Lehrer B, Geltner D, Levij IS. Chajek T, et al. Ann Intern Med. 1974 Dec; ... Quinidine hypersensitivity: a side effect of a forgotten antiarrhythmic. El-Khatib L, Alrayes H, Sallam O, Elbanna A. El-Khatib ...
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/4642741
Quinidine - PubMedQuinidine - PubMed
Quinidine has been associated with fever, mild jaundice and clinically apparent liver injury in up to 2% of treated patients. ... Quinidine is a natural cinchona alkaloid which has potent antiarrhythmic activity and has been used for decades in the ... The Role of Quinidine in the Pharmacological Therapy of Ventricular Arrhythmias Quinidine. Bozic B, Uzelac TV, Kezic A, ... only amiodarone and quinidine are common causes of hepatotoxicity; quinidine has been associated with many cases of clinically ...
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31644176
Assessment of the Efficacy, Safety, and Tolerability of AVP-786 (Deudextromethorphan Hydrobromide [d6-DM]/Quinidine Sulfate [Q]...Assessment of the Efficacy, Safety, and Tolerability of AVP-786 (Deudextromethorphan Hydrobromide [d6-DM]/Quinidine Sulfate [Q]...
Drug Information available for: Quinidine sulfate Genetic and Rare Diseases Information Center resources: Familial Alzheimer ... Assessment of the Efficacy, Safety, and Tolerability of AVP-786 (Deudextromethorphan Hydrobromide [d6-DM]/Quinidine Sulfate [Q ... Quinidine Sulfate [Q]) for the Treatment of Agitation in Patients With Dementia of the Alzheimers Type. ...
https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/study/NCT03393520?term=AVP-786&cond=Alzheimer+Disease&rank=1&
Comparison of Flecainide with Quinidine for Suppression of Chronic Stable Ventricular Ectopic DepolarizationsA Double-Blind...Comparison of Flecainide with Quinidine for Suppression of Chronic Stable Ventricular Ectopic DepolarizationsA Double-Blind...
Flecainide prolonged the PR and QRS intervals; quinidine prolonged the PR and JTC intervals. Side effects were commoner with ... The mean percent suppression of total ventricular ectopic depolarizations was 95% for flecainide and 56% for quinidine (p , ... SALERNO DM, HODGES M, GRANRUD G, SHARKEY P. Comparison of Flecainide with Quinidine for Suppression of Chronic Stable ... Comparison of Flecainide with Quinidine for Suppression of Chronic Stable Ventricular Ectopic Depolarizations: A Double-Blind ...
http://annals.org/aim/article-abstract/696399/comparison-flecainide-quinidine-suppression-chronic-stable-ventricular-ectopic-depolarizations-double
Oxidation of quinidine by human liver cytochrome P-450. | Molecular PharmacologyOxidation of quinidine by human liver cytochrome P-450. | Molecular Pharmacology
Thus, quinidine oxidation appears to be catalyzed primarily by P-450NF and not by P-450DB. Quinidine binds 2 orders of ... Oxidation of quinidine by human liver cytochrome P-450.. F P Guengerich, D Müller-Enoch and I A Blair ... Oxidation of quinidine by human liver cytochrome P-450.. F P Guengerich, D Müller-Enoch and I A Blair ... Oxidation of quinidine by human liver cytochrome P-450.. F P Guengerich, D Müller-Enoch and I A Blair ...
https://molpharm.aspetjournals.org/content/30/3/287?ijkey=54b5fbc9ec85636f82c6c0c8c023c268e4d0e265&keytype2=tf_ipsecsha
Altered Absorption of Digoxin, Sustained-Release Quinidine, and Warfarin with Sucralfate Administration | Semantic ScholarAltered Absorption of Digoxin, Sustained-Release Quinidine, and Warfarin with Sucralfate Administration | Semantic Scholar
... quinidine, and warfarin. Patients receiving sucralfate concomitantly with digoxin, quinidine, and warfarin should be monitored ... A case is reported of a 71-year-old woman who displayed altered absorption of digoxin, quinidine sulfate, and warfarin sodium ... The administration of sucralfate resulted in subtherapeutic serum concentrations of digoxin and quinidine, and also reduced the ... quinidine, and warfarin should be monitored frequently with regard to serum drug concentration and disease symptomatology. ...
https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Altered-Absorption-of-Digoxin%2C-Sustained-Release-Rey-Gums/612a1068b4c0cc998b21205b06e1817642df7a1a
Treatment of Malaria with a Short Course of Quinidine in: The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene Volume s1-15...Treatment of Malaria with a Short Course of Quinidine in: The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene Volume s1-15...
In this report are included observations on the treatment of malaria in 1,047 cases over a period of five years, 1930 to 1934, inclusive. Most of the patients were plantation negroes, the rest, whites, representing all strata of society from the plantation owner to the poorest tenant farmer. These people remain in the district year after year and can be followed up for malaria season after season.. The practice is located near Shreveport, Louisiana, and in the Red River Valley. The area involved is considered moderately malarious.. Collins (1) recently reported "surprisingly satisfactory" results from treatment of clinical malaria with 1 gram of quinine sulphate a day for three or four days.. These results are not new, except in details. In the year 1868 Wade reported to the Madras Chinchona Commission (2) on 1079 cases of clinical malaria treated with quinine, quinidine, cinchonidine and cinchonine. ...
https://www.ajtmh.org/abstract/journals/tpmd/s1-15/6/article-p651.xml
THE DIFFERENTIAL EFFECT OF QUINIDINE AND PYRILAMINE ON THE MYOCARDIAL ACTION POTENTIAL AT VARIOUS RATES OF STIMULATION |...THE DIFFERENTIAL EFFECT OF QUINIDINE AND PYRILAMINE ON THE MYOCARDIAL ACTION POTENTIAL AT VARIOUS RATES OF STIMULATION |...
THE DIFFERENTIAL EFFECT OF QUINIDINE AND PYRILAMINE ON THE MYOCARDIAL ACTION POTENTIAL AT VARIOUS RATES OF STIMULATION. E. A. ... THE DIFFERENTIAL EFFECT OF QUINIDINE AND PYRILAMINE ON THE MYOCARDIAL ACTION POTENTIAL AT VARIOUS RATES OF STIMULATION. E. A. ... THE DIFFERENTIAL EFFECT OF QUINIDINE AND PYRILAMINE ON THE MYOCARDIAL ACTION POTENTIAL AT VARIOUS RATES OF STIMULATION. E. A. ... In the presence of quinidine sulphate (10 microgm./ml.) or pyrilamine maleate (7.5 microgm./ml.) a) the progressive decline in ...
https://jpet.aspetjournals.org/content/120/4/460
Clinical Implications of the Competitive Inhibition of the Debrisoquin-Metabolizing Isozyme by Quinidine, Archives of Internal...Clinical Implications of the Competitive Inhibition of the Debrisoquin-Metabolizing Isozyme by Quinidine, Archives of Internal...
Quinidine administration changes persons to poor metabolizers of debrisoquin for the duration of therapy. Thus, the use of ... Quinidine and the identification of drugs whose elimination is impaired in subjects classified as poor metabolizers of ... Two distinct quinidine-induced rheumatic syndromes . Ann Intern Med. 1988;108:369-371.Crossref 117. Kendall MJ, Hawkins CF. ... Single dose quinidine treatment inhibits metoprolol oxidation in extensive metabolizers . Eur J Clin Pharmacol. 1986;29:739-741 ...
https://www.deepdyve.com/lp/american-medical-association/clinical-implications-of-the-competitive-inhibition-of-the-debrisoquin-AdH0z9vmWB?key=JAMA
DailyMed - QUINIDINE SULFATE tabletDailyMed - QUINIDINE SULFATE tablet
... equivalent to 166 mg of quinidine base) 300 mg of quinidine sulfate (equivalent to 249 mg of quinidine base). In addition, each ... Quinidine-induced hypotension that is not due to an arrhythmia is likely to be a consequence of quinidine-related α-blockade ... Therapy with quinidine sulfate should be begun with 200 mg (equivalent to 166 mg of quinidine base) every six hours. If this ... Quinidine sulfate is the sulfate salt of quinidine; its chemical name is cinchonan-9-ol,6- methoxy-,(9S)-, sulfate(2:1) ...
https://www.dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/drugInfo.cfm?setid=a10b6ded-4fe0-4059-bd77-c45acc3c876d
Quinidine Sulfate - Neugen LabsQuinidine Sulfate - Neugen Labs
Wolff-Parkinson-White Syndrome Medication: Antiarrhythmic AgentsWolff-Parkinson-White Syndrome Medication: Antiarrhythmic Agents
Quinidine maintains normal heart rhythm and converts AF or atrial flutter. It is not recommended as a first-line drug for WPW ...
https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/159222-medication
Risks of Quinidine during pregnancy
Information about risks of Quinidine during pregnancy ... Classification of the active ingredient Quinidine. Risk level ...
http://www.medizzine.com/en/pregnancy/risk.php?name=Quinidine
Quinidine Gluconate Injection (Quinidine Injection)- Multum
... Посетила Quinidine Gluconate Injection (Quinidine Injection)- ... Quinidine Injection)- Multum grouping of one or several nodes, each Quinidine Gluconate Injection (Quinidine Injection)- Multum ... The sole Quinidine Gluconate Injection (Quinidine Injection)- Multum for the content of this webpage lies with ELIXIR. It does ... It is an observer and is working towards Quinidine Gluconate Injection (Quinidine Injection)- Multum membership (see How ...
http://monclerpolo.top/understanding-immunology-pdf/quinidine-gluconate-injection-quinidine-injection-multum.php
Digoxin-Quinidine Interaction<...
title = "Digoxin-Quinidine Interaction",. abstract = "To the Editor: We should like to comment on the paper by Hager et al.1 ... Digoxin-Quinidine Interaction. Rune Dahlqvist, Gunnar Ejvinsson, Karin Schenck-Gustafsson, W. David Hager, Paul Fenster, ... Digoxin-Quinidine Interaction. / Dahlqvist, Rune; Ejvinsson, Gunnar; Schenck-Gustafsson, Karin; Hager, W. David; Fenster, Paul ... To the Editor: We should like to comment on the paper by Hager et al.1 concerning the interaction between quinidine and digoxin ...
https://arizona.pure.elsevier.com/en/publications/digoxin-quinidine-interaction-2
Dextromethorphan/Quinidine for Managing Respiratory Impairment in ALS - Pulmonology AdvisorDextromethorphan/Quinidine for Managing Respiratory Impairment in ALS - Pulmonology Advisor
Dextromethorphan/quinidine was not shown to prevent failure of noninvasive respiratory management in patients with amyotrophic ... Sancho J, Ferrer S, Burés E, et al. Effect of one-year dextromethorphan/quinidine treatment on management of respiratory ... In patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), treatment with dextromethorphan/quinidine (DM/Q) was not shown to prevent ... Investigators evaluated whether dextromethorphan/quinidine could offer long-term improvement in bulbar impairment in ...
https://www.pulmonologyadvisor.com/home/general-pulmonology/dextromethorphan-quinidine-does-not-prolong-noninvasive-respiratory-management-in-amyotrophic-lateral-sclerosis/
NIFEDIPINE CAPSULES, USPNIFEDIPINE CAPSULES, USP
Quinidine: There have been rare reports of an interaction between quinidine and nifedipine (with a decreased plasma level of ...
https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/fda/fdaDrugXsl.cfm?setid=10c0e6e2-7393-4124-bb4b-78f10adb99a5&type=display
Quinidine (56-54-2) | Chemical Effects in Biological SystemsQuinidine (56-54-2) | Chemical Effects in Biological Systems
Genetic Toxicity Evaluation of Quinidine in Salmonella/E.coli Mutagenicity Test or Ames Test. Study 022129 Summary Data. * G06 ... Genetic Toxicity Evaluation of Quinidine in Salmonella/E.coli Mutagenicity Test or Ames Test. Study 266846 Summary Data. * G06 ... Quinidine (56-54-2). Chemical Effects in Biological Systems (CEBS). Research Triangle Park, NC (USA): National Toxicology ... An overview of Genetic Toxicology Bacterial Mutagenicity study conclusions related to Quinidine (56-54-2). Bacterial ...
https://cebs.niehs.nih.gov/cebs/test_article/56-54-2
NDC 42806-513 Quinidine Sulfate Quinidine Sulfate TabletNDC 42806-513 Quinidine Sulfate Quinidine Sulfate Tablet
The generic name of Quinidine Sulfate is quinidine sulfate tablet. ... Quinidine Sulfate with NDC 42806-513 is a a human prescription drug product labeled by Epic Pharma, Llc. ... equivalent to 166 mg of quinidine base) 300 mg of quinidine sulfate (equivalent to 249 mg of quinidine base). In addition, each ... Quinidine-induced hypotension that is not due to an arrhythmia is likely to be a consequence of quinidine-related α-blockade ...
https://ndclist.com/ndc/42806-513
Quinaglute (Quinidine Gluconate) Basics, Side Effects & Reviews - Iodine.comQuinaglute (Quinidine Gluconate) Basics, Side Effects & Reviews - Iodine.com
Quinidine Gluconate); from expert pharmacists and people like you ... Quinidine Gluconate. ? Write a. review!. Worth it. Not sure. ... Quinaglute (Quinidine Gluconate). 0 reports. These are side effects of. Quinaglute (Quinidine Gluconate) reported to the FDA by ... Quinidine gluconate. at all.. *Percentages only tell you how common an issue is for people who actually make the effort to ... Quinaglute (Quinidine Gluconate). questions for. Select an indication to see answers for that use case. Atrial Fibrillation/ ...
https://www.iodine.com/drug/quinaglute
Possible Interaction: Quinidine and Tetracaine - SUPP.AI by AI2Possible Interaction: Quinidine and Tetracaine - SUPP.AI by AI2
Explore the 1 paper that mention a possible interaction between Quinidine and Tetracaine. ...
https://supp.ai/i/quinidine-tetracaine/C0034414-C0039629
Buy Quinaglute Dura Tabs (quinidine gluconate) Online | Blink HealthBuy Quinaglute Dura Tabs (quinidine gluconate) Online | Blink Health
Quinidine is very similar to quinine. Do not use medications containing quinine while using quinidine. ... Other medications can affect the removal of quinidine from your body, which may affect how quinidine works. Examples include ... Before taking quinidine, tell your doctor or pharmacist if you are allergic to it; or to quinine; or if you have any other ... Before using quinidine, tell your doctor or pharmacist of all the drugs you take and if you have any of the following ...
https://www.blinkhealth.com/quinaglute-dura-tabs
Quinidine in Tamil பயன்பாடுகள், மருந்தளவு, பக்க விளைவுகள், நன்மைகள், தொடர்புகள் மற்றும் எச்சரிக்கைகள்Quinidine in Tamil பயன்பாடுகள், மருந்தளவு, பக்க விளைவுகள், நன்மைகள், தொடர்புகள் மற்றும் எச்சரிக்கைகள்
Quinidine in Tamil - ன் பயன்பாடுகள், மருந்தளவு, பக்க விளைவுகள், நன்மைகள், தொடர்புகள் மற்றும் எச்சரிக்கைகள் ஆகியவற்றை ... Quinidine பக்க விளைவுகள் - Quinidine Side Effects in Tamil- Quinidine pakka vilaivugal * Quinidine தொடர்புடைய எச்சரிக்கைகள் - ... Quinidine நன்மைகள் & பயன்கள் - Quinidine Benefits & Uses in Tamil- Quinidine nanmaigal & payangal * Quinidine மருந்தளவு & ... Quinidine முரண்பாடுகள் - Quinidine Contraindications in Tamil- Quinidine muranpaadugal * Quinidine பற்றி அடிக்கடி கேட்கப்படும் ...
https://www.myupchar.com/ta/medicine/quinidine-p37133587
QuinineCombination of dextromethorphan and quinidineGluconateIntravenousMalariaDextromethorphanLoading dose of quinidinePropafenoneDisopyramideAdministration of quinidineAntiarrhythmicTake quinidinePlus quinidineDoseInhibitorAmiodaroneDigoxinPhenobarbitalSulfate tabletsDrugsSulphateMedicationIrregular200mgTorsadesTabletsAtrial flutterConcentrationsCompoundEnzymeEfficacyPregnantMedicationsDrugInteractPharmacistRisks
Quinine6
  • tell your doctor and pharmacist if you are allergic to quinidine, quinine, or any other drugs. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Stereoselective inhibition by the diastereomers quinidine and quinine of uptake of cardiac glycosides into isolated rat hepatocytes. (semanticscholar.org)
  • Quinine, the diastereomer of quinidine, has not been as extensively studied in this respect. (semanticscholar.org)
  • Quinine and quinidine are diastereomers. (sielc.com)
  • a history of bruising or bleeding after using quinidine or quinine. (everydayhealth.com)
  • OR malarone OR mefloquine OR naphthoquine OR naphthoquinone OR piperaquine OR primaquine OR proguanil OR pyrimethamine OR pyronaridine OR proguanil OR quinidine OR quinine OR riamet OR sulphadoxine OR tetracycline OR tafenoquine). (cdc.gov)
Combination of dextromethorphan and quinidine2
  • A combination of dextromethorphan and quinidine has been shown to alleviate symptoms of easy laughing and crying (pseudobulbar affect) in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and multiple sclerosis. (ncats.io)
  • April 13, 2010 (Toronto, Ontario) - Results of an open-label extension study examining the effect of a combination of dextromethorphan and quinidine ( Zenvia , Avanir Pharmaceuticals) confirm continued efficacy of this still investigational combination in the treatment of pseudobulbar affect (PBA). (medscape.com)
Gluconate8
  • Quinidine comes as a tablet (quinidine sulfate) and an extended-release (long-acting) tablet (quinidine gluconate) to take by mouth. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Extended-release quinidine gluconate tablets are usually is taken every 8 to 12 hours. (medlineplus.gov)
  • The pharmaceutical manufacturer of quinidine, Eli Lilly, recently announced External that it will no longer be producing IV quinidine gluconate, but plans to continue distributing the product until the current stock expires (March 2019). (cdc.gov)
  • As of today, intravenous quinidine gluconate remains available for the treatment of severe malaria. (cdc.gov)
  • Currently, quinidine gluconate is the only FDA approved medicine in the United States for the treatment of severe malaria. (cdc.gov)
  • The evaluation was requested by the local union to investigate work related skin rashes and respiratory symptoms among employees involved in producing quinidine-gluconate (7054253). (cdc.gov)
  • After 3 blood transfusions and quinidine improper use of blood glucometers, multidose heparin gluconate and doxycycline therapy, the patient was dis- vials, organ transplantation, contaminated catheters that charged on hospital day 14, with a stable hematocrit, per- deliver contrast medium, or rarely, open wounds (3-6). (cdc.gov)
  • Patient 1 received a continuous quinidine gluconate documented. (cdc.gov)
Intravenous2
  • Intravenous quinidine is also indicated for the treatment of Plasmodium falciparum malaria. (ncats.io)
  • However, it fails to mention the critical importance of having intravenous (IV) quinidine available for the management of life-threatening chloroquine-resistant Plasmodium falciparum infection. (jamanetwork.com)
Malaria4
  • Quinidine is also sometimes used to treat malaria. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Albrecht H, Lennox J, del Rio C. Quinidine and Malaria. (jamanetwork.com)
  • Quinidine is also used to treat a life-threatening form of malaria. (everydayhealth.com)
  • 1 Photolichenoid dermatitis was first described in 1954 in association with the use of quinidine in the treatment of malaria. (web.app)
Dextromethorphan14
  • In these studies, we examined the effects of CYP2D6 phenotype and quinidine inhibition on the pharmacokinetics of dextromethorphan and its metabolites in humans. (erowid.org)
  • Pretreatment of these subjects with 100 mg of quinidine, a selective inhibitor of CYP2D6, significantly suppressed the formation of dextrorphan and elevated the concentrations of dextromethorphan (t1/2, 16.4 hours). (erowid.org)
  • Urinary recovery studies indicated that the inhibition by quinidine was reversible and that the elimination of dextromethorphan primarily depends on CYP2D6 activity rather than renal elimination. (erowid.org)
  • These data demonstrated that the CYP2D6 phenotype and the concurrent administration of quinidine significantly affect the disposition of dextromethorphan and the formation of the active metabolite dextrorphan and are important factors to be considered in studies of the pharmacologic and behavioral effects of dextromethorphan. (erowid.org)
  • A small, proof-of-concept study suggests dextromethorphan with quinidine may be a future treatment option for levodopa-induced dyskinesia (LID) in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD). (neurologyadvisor.com)
  • Of note, dextromethorphan is thought to have an impact on all three of these pathways, and combining dextromethorphan with quinidine increases the bioavailability of dextromethorphan by inhibiting CYP2D6. (neurologyadvisor.com)
  • Susan H. Fox, MB ChB, MRCP(UK), Ph, associate director of the movement disorders clinic at the University Health Network in Toronto, Canada, and colleagues sought to examine the efficacy and safety of dextromethorphan with quinidine for LID. (neurologyadvisor.com)
  • The participants were randomly assigned to receive either dextromethorphan 45 mg plus quinidine 10 mg twice daily or placebo during 2 2-week crossover treatment periods. (neurologyadvisor.com)
  • In the 13 efficacy-evaluable participants, there was no significant difference in dyskinesia-severity for dextromethorphan with quinidine compared with placebo (area under the curve [AUC] 966.5 vs 1048.8, P =.191). (neurologyadvisor.com)
  • Trial of dextromethorphan/quinidine to treat levodopa-induced dyskinesia in Parkinson's disease [published online March 30, 2017]. (neurologyadvisor.com)
  • Quinidine increases plasma levels of dextromethorphan by competitively inhibiting cytochrome P4502D6, which catalyzes a major biotransformation pathway for dextromethorphan. (medscape.com)
  • It is available as a capsule containing dextromethorphan 20 mg and quinidine 10 mg. (medscape.com)
  • The new drug is a combination of 2 well-known compounds: dextromethorphan, the active treatment, and quinidine, an enzyme inhibitor that increases the bioavailability of dextromethorphan. (medscape.com)
  • All were then treated during the 12-week extension study with the 30/10-mg dose of dextromethorphan and quinidine, regardless of whether they were in the active or placebo-treated arms during the randomized trial. (medscape.com)
Loading dose of quinidine1
  • 2 The administration of a loading dose of quinidine to convert atrial fibrillation has such a pronounced proarrhythmic effect that it is advised against in recent guidelines for clinical practice on atrial fibrillation 3 (class IIb indication). (revespcardiol.org)
Propafenone1
  • Asymptomatic phases of atrial flutter with greater-than-or-equal-to 2:1 atrio-ventricular conduction ratio were observed during Holter monitoring, before conversion to sinus rhythm, in four patients treated with propafenone, in one patient taking digoxin plus quinidine and in four patients with placebo. (unimore.it)
Disopyramide2
  • Inform your doctor if you are taking monoamine oxidase inhibitors, aliskiren, quinidine, disopyramide, or other blood pressure-lowering medicines. (apollopharmacy.in)
  • Avoid the class IA antidysrhythmics quinidine and disopyramide, due to prodysrhythmic and QT interval-prolonging effects. (medscape.com)
Administration of quinidine1
  • All the deaths were sudden and associated with the administration of quinidine in high doses (1000-2000 mg/day). (revespcardiol.org)
Antiarrhythmic6
  • Taking antiarrhythmic drugs, including quinidine, may increase the risk of death. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Quinidine is in a class of medications called antiarrhythmic medications. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Quinidine is a pharmaceutical agent that acts as a class I antiarrhythmic agent (Ia) in the heart. (ncats.io)
  • Like all other class I antiarrhythmic agents, quinidine primarily works by blocking the fast inward sodium current (INa). (ncats.io)
  • Conclusions: Antiarrhythmic efficacy of dofetilide was greater than that of quinidine and correlated with drug-induced prolongation of wavelength and reduction in dispersion of refractoriness, effects produced only by dofetilide. (elsevier.com)
  • Listed below are medications that increase the urinary excretion of magnesium, promoting magnesium loss: Drugs used in heart disease Antiarrhythmic Drugs Quinidine, Sotalol, Aamiodarone, Bretylium Digoxin and Strophanthin Adrenalin and drugs that mimic its activity, such as isoproterenol Diuretics Furosemide Ethacrynic Acid Thiazides Osmotic Agents. (reuther-hartmann.de)
Take quinidine5
Plus quinidine1
  • Digoxin and digoxin plus quinidine, at the doses employed, had a lower success rate and more prolonged conversion times. (unimore.it)
Dose6
  • On separate occasions 6 extensive metabolizers of sparteine took a single oral dose of 100 mg imipramine and desipramine before and during the intake of quinidine sulphate 200 mg/day. (nih.gov)
  • The pharmacokinetic interaction between quinidine and digoxin in patients is well-known, in general requiring a dose reduction of digoxin in patients concomitantly treated with quinidine. (semanticscholar.org)
  • The STAR trial was undertaken to address previous concerns of the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) about safety issues with a formulation of the compound that used a higher dose of quinidine, concerns outlined in an earlier approvable letter issued in 2006. (medscape.com)
  • The previous combination of these drugs had used a 30-mg dose of quinidine, raising concern about the potential for proarrhythmia, Dr. Pioro said. (medscape.com)
  • Dose-related cinchonism may be the first sign of quinidine toxicity. (pursuantmedia.com)
  • Your blood pressure and heart rate should be monitored in a hospital or clinic setting when you start using quinidine, and whenever your dose is changed. (everydayhealth.com)
Inhibitor2
  • It appears that quinidine is a potent inhibitor of the sparteine/debrisoquine oxygenase, P450dbl, which is responsible for the 2-hydroxylation of imipramine and desipramine, but not of the P450 isozyme responsible for the demethylation of imipramine. (nih.gov)
  • Quinidine is also an inhibitor of the cytochrome P450 enzyme 2D6 and can lead to increased blood levels of lidocaine, beta blockers, opioids, and some antidepressants. (ncats.io)
Amiodarone1
  • Substrate of P-gp hence shows increased levels when co-administered with quinidine and amiodarone. (medicineplexus.com)
Digoxin1
  • In addition to an interaction with the renal clearance of digoxin by quinidine, both diastereomers have been reported to inhibit the biliary clearance of digoxin in man. (semanticscholar.org)
Phenobarbital1
  • Quinidine, a hydantoin anticonvulsant is used alone or with phenobarbital or other anticonvulsants to treat tonic-clonic seizures, psycho-motor seizures, neuropathic pain syndromes including Diabetic neuropathy, atrial fibrillation and flutter, vent. (medicoinfo.org)
Sulfate tablets3
  • Quinidine sulfate tablets are usually is taken every 6 hours. (medlineplus.gov)
  • The quinidine sulfate tablets should be taken as you have been instructed by your doctor or other health care provider. (theindianpharma.com)
  • The Indian Pharma provides the guarantee of quality as well as delivery for the Quinidine Sulfate Tablets. (theindianpharma.com)
Drugs2
  • Quinidine also inhibits the transport protein P-glycoprotein and so can cause some peripherally acting drugs such as loperamide to have central nervous system side effects, such as respiratory depression if the two drugs are coadministered. (ncats.io)
  • quinidine, or chronic nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. (who.int)
Sulphate3
Medication2
  • Quinidine sulfate falls under the group of medication named antiarrhythmics. (theindianpharma.com)
  • Quinidine may also be used for purposes not listed in this medication guide. (everydayhealth.com)
Irregular5
  • Quinidine may increase the chance of having arrhythmias (irregular heartbeats) and has not been proven to help people without life-threatening arrhythmias to live longer. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Quinidine is used to treat certain types of irregular heartbeats. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Quinidine can greatly improve your ability to perform normal activities by decreasing the number of irregular heartbeats you have. (blinkhealth.com)
  • If you are taking regular-release quinidine for an irregular heartbeat, the manufacturer recommends that you take no more than 4 grams daily. (blinkhealth.com)
  • Quinidine Sulfate is recommended to be used in order to treat/prevent several types of irregular heartbeats. (theindianpharma.com)
200mg1
  • The quinidine sulfate 200mg should be kept in a well-closed container, protected from light. (theindianpharma.com)
Torsades1
  • Quinidine can cause thrombocytopenia, granulomatous hepatitis, myasthenia gravis, and torsades de pointes, so is not used much today. (ncats.io)
Tablets1
  • Quinidine tablets should be taken whole even without crushing or chewing. (theindianpharma.com)
Atrial flutter3
  • Methods and Results: To test this hypothesis, the Class III drug dofetilide and the Class IA drug quinidine were studied in the experimental canine crush-injury model of atrial flutter, utilizing right atrial multipoint programmed stimulation and activation mapping. (elsevier.com)
  • Dofetilide and quinidine terminated atrial flutter by similar mechanisms. (elsevier.com)
  • Quinidine maintains normal heart rhythm and converts AF or atrial flutter. (medscape.com)
Concentrations2
  • 2-OH-Imipramine and 2-OH-desipramine were detected in plasma before (maximum concentrations 30-100 nmol.l-1) but not during quinidine. (nih.gov)
  • Airborne quinidine concentrations ranged from 0.2 milligram per cubic meter (mg/m3) in the packaging area to 5.0mg/m3 in the manufacturing area. (cdc.gov)
Compound2
  • Quinidine - Isomeric methoxyl compound. (abchomeopathy.com)
  • Quinidine was used as the sample compound for the development of this methodology though the intent was not to set an OEL for quinidine but rather to develop an alternative approach for the determination of OELs. (cdc.gov)
Enzyme1
  • turmeric will increase the level or effect of quinidine by affecting hepatic/intestinal enzyme CYP3A4 metabolism. (medscape.com)
Efficacy1
  • Efficacy of dofetilide was greater than quinidine (P = 0.026) and correlated with reduced dispersion of ERP (r = -0.653, P = 0.01), reduced adjacent electrodes with ERP difference ≤ 20 msec (r = -0.637, P = 0.012), and prolonged wavelength (r = 0.61, P = 0.018). (elsevier.com)
Pregnant2
  • If you become pregnant while taking quinidine, call your doctor. (medlineplus.gov)
  • No, quinidine sulfate over the counter drug is not advised in the case of pregnant women as it can cause potential damage to unborn babies as well as to the mother. (theindianpharma.com)
Medications2
  • Many other medications may also interact with quinidine, so be sure to tell your doctor about all the medications you are taking, even those that do not appear on this list. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Before and while you are using quinidine, your doctor may prescribe other medications (e.g., 'blood thinners'/anticoagulants such as warfarin, beta blockers such as metoprolol) to shrink any blood clots in the heart and to slow your pulse. (blinkhealth.com)
Drug2
  • Quinidine, the only FDA-approved IV antimalarial drug, will no longer be available starting April 1, 2019. (cdc.gov)
  • New use for an old drug: quinidine in KCNT1-related epilepsy therapy. (cdc.gov)
Interact1
  • Grapefruit may interact with oral quinidine and lead to unwanted side effects. (everydayhealth.com)
Pharmacist1
  • Do not change quinidine products without talking to your doctor or pharmacist. (blinkhealth.com)
Risks3
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Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Medication: Neurologics, Other, Skeletal Muscle Relaxants, Alpha2 Adrenergic Agonists, NMDA... (medscape.com)
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Drug-induced immune hemolytic anemia: MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia
Drug-induced immune hemolytic anemia: MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia (medlineplus.gov)
Quinidine: MedlinePlus Drug Information
Quinidine: MedlinePlus Drug Information (medlineplus.gov)
Acute Intermittent Porphyria: Practice Essentials, Pathophysiology, Etiology
Acute Intermittent Porphyria: Practice Essentials, Pathophysiology, Etiology (medscape.com)
Drug-Induced Photosensitivity: Background, Pathophysiology, Etiology
Drug-Induced Photosensitivity: Background, Pathophysiology, Etiology (medscape.com)
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Dermatomyositis: Practice Essentials, Background, Pathophysiology (medscape.com)
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Erythroderma (Generalized Exfoliative Dermatitis) Treatment & Management: Medical Care, Consultations, Diet (medscape.com)
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Drug-Induced Photosensitivity Clinical Presentation: History, Physical Examination, Complications (medscape.com)
Myasthenia Gravis: Practice Essentials, Background, Anatomy
Myasthenia Gravis: Practice Essentials, Background, Anatomy (medscape.com)
Drug-Induced Uveitis
Drug-Induced Uveitis (medscape.com)
Malaria Medication: Antimalarials
Malaria Medication: Antimalarials (medscape.com)
(emedicine.medscape.com)
(emedicine.medscape.com)
(emedicine.medscape.com)
(emedicine.medscape.com)
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Medication: Neurologics, Other, Skeletal Muscle Relaxants, Alpha2 Adrenergic Agonists, NMDA...
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Medication: Neurologics, Other, Skeletal Muscle Relaxants, Alpha2 Adrenergic Agonists, NMDA... (medscape.com)
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Medication: Neurologics, Other, Skeletal Muscle Relaxants, Alpha2 Adrenergic Agonists, NMDA...
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Medication: Neurologics, Other, Skeletal Muscle Relaxants, Alpha2 Adrenergic Agonists, NMDA... (medscape.com)
(emedicine.medscape.com)
(emedicine.medscape.com)