Pyrrolizidine Alkaloids
Senecio
Plant Poisoning
Boraginaceae
Monocrotaline
Alkaloids
Orthoptera
Microscopy, Ultraviolet
Eupatorium
Rats, Inbred ACI
Flavins
Alkyl and Aryl Transferases
Hepatic Veno-Occlusive Disease
Grasshoppers
Ergot Alkaloids
Sexually transmitted chemical defense in a moth (Utetheisa ornatrix). (1/131)
The arctiid moth Utetheisa ornatrix is protected against predation by pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PA) that it sequesters as a larva from its food plant. Earlier work had shown that males transmit PA to the female with the sperm package and that the female bestows part of this gift on the eggs, protecting these against predation as a result. We now show that the female herself derives protection from the gift. Females deficient in PA are vulnerable to predation from spiders (Lycosa ceratiola and Nephila clavipes). If mated with a PA-laden male, the females become unacceptable as prey. The effect takes hold promptly and endures; females are unacceptable to spiders virtually from the moment they uncouple from the male and remain unacceptable as they age. Chemical data showed that the female allocates the received PA quickly to all body parts. We predict that other instances will be found of female insects being rendered invulnerable by receipt of sexually transmitted chemicals. (+info)Alkaloid binding and activation of D2 dopamine receptors in cell culture. (2/131)
Ergot and pyrrolizidine alkaloids, either extracted from endophyte-infected tall fescue, synthesized, or purchased commercially, were evaluated in cultured cells to estimate their binding to the D2 dopamine receptor and subsequent effects on cyclic AMP production in GH4ZR7 cells, transfected with a rat D2 dopamine receptor. Ergopeptide alkaloid (alpha-ergocryptine, bromocryptine, ergotamine tartrate, and ergovaline) inhibition of the binding of the D2-specific radioligand, [3H]YM-09151-2, exhibited inhibition constants (K(I)) in the nanomolar range, whereas dopamine was less potent (micromolar). The lysergic acid amides (ergine and ergonovine) were 1/100th as potent as the ergopeptide alkaloids. Ergovaline and ergotamine tartrate were equally effective in inhibiting vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP)-stimulated cyclic AMP production, with consistent nanomolar effective concentration (EC50) values. The remaining ergopeptide alkaloids (alpha-ergocryptine and bromocryptine), lysergic acid amides (ergonovine and ergine), and dopamine were 1/100th as potent. Two representative pyrrolizidines, N-formylloline and N-acetylloline, exhibited no binding activity at the D2 dopamine receptor or effects on the cyclic AMP system within the concentration ranges of nanomolar to millimolar. Our results indicate that the commercially available ergot alkaloids ergotamine tartrate and ergonovine may be used interchangeably in the D2 dopamine receptor system to simulate the effects of extracted ergovaline and ergine and to examine responses in receptor binding and the inhibition of cyclic AMP. (+info)Homospermidine synthase, the first pathway-specific enzyme of pyrrolizidine alkaloid biosynthesis, evolved from deoxyhypusine synthase. (3/131)
Pyrrolizidine alkaloids are preformed plant defense compounds with sporadic phylogenetic distribution. They are thought to have evolved in response to the selective pressure of herbivory. The first pathway-specific intermediate of these alkaloids is the rare polyamine homospermidine, which is synthesized by homospermidine synthase (HSS). The HSS gene from Senecio vernalis was cloned and shown to be derived from the deoxyhypusine synthase (DHS) gene, which is highly conserved among all eukaryotes and archaebacteria. DHS catalyzes the first step in the activation of translation initiation factor 5A (eIF5A), which is essential for eukaryotic cell proliferation and which acts as a cofactor of the HIV-1 Rev regulatory protein. Sequence comparison provides direct evidence for the evolutionary recruitment of an essential gene of primary metabolism (DHS) for the origin of the committing step (HSS) in the biosynthesis of pyrrolizidine alkaloids. (+info)Female choice increases offspring fitness in an arctiid moth (Utetheisa ornatrix). (4/131)
In Utetheisa ornatrix (Lepidoptera, Arctiidae), the female mates preferentially with larger males. Having a larger father results in the eggs being more richly endowed with defensive pyrrolizidine alkaloid (which the female receives from the male with the sperm package, in quantity proportional to the male's body mass, and passes on to the eggs); having a larger father also results in the sons and daughters themselves being larger (body mass is heritable in Utetheisa). We provide evidence herein that these consequences enhance the fitness of the offspring. Eggs sired by larger males are less vulnerable to predation (presumably because of their higher alkaloid content), whereas sons and daughters, by virtue of being larger, are, respectively, more successful in courtship and more fecund. The female Utetheisa, therefore, by being choosy, reaps both direct phenotypic and indirect genetic benefits. (+info)Liver regeneration in rats with retrorsine-induced hepatocellular injury proceeds through a novel cellular response. (5/131)
The adult rodent liver contains at least two recognized populations of cells with stem-like properties that contribute to liver repair/regeneration under different pathophysiological circumstances: (i) unipotential committed progenitor cells (differentiated hepatocytes and biliary epithelial cells) and (ii) multipotential nonparenchymal progenitor cells (oval cells). In retrorsine-induced hepatocellular injury the capacity of fully differentiated rat hepatocytes to replicate is severely impaired and massive proliferation of oval cells does not occur. Nevertheless, retrorsine-exposed rats can replace their entire liver mass after 2/3 surgical partial hepatectomy through the emergence and expansion of a population of small hepatocyte-like progenitor cells that expresses phenotypic characteristics of fetal hepatoblasts, oval cells, and fully differentiated hepatocytes, but differ distinctly from each type of cell. The activation, proliferation, and complete regeneration of normal liver structure from small hepatocyte-like progenitor cells have not been recognized in other models of liver injury characterized by impaired hepatocyte replication. We suggest that the selective emergence and expansion of small hepatocyte-like progenitor cells observed in the retrorsine model reflect a novel mechanism of complete liver regeneration in the adult rat. Furthermore, we suggest that these cells may represent a novel progenitor cell population that (i) responds to liver deficit when the replication capacity of differentiated hepatocytes is impaired, (ii) expresses an extensive proliferative capacity, (iii) can give rise to large numbers of progeny hepatocytes, and (iv) can restore tissue mass. (+info)Chemical defense against predation in an insect egg. (6/131)
The larva of the green lacewing (Ceraeochrysa cubana) (Neuroptera, Chrysopidae) is a natural predator of eggs of Utetheisa ornatrix (Lepidoptera, Arctiidae), a moth that sequesters pyrrolizidine alkaloids from its larval foodplant (Fabaceae, Crotalaria spp.). Utetheisa eggs are ordinarily endowed with the alkaloid. Alkaloid-free Utetheisa eggs, produced experimentally, are pierced by the larva with its sharp tubular jaws and sucked out. Alkaloid-laden eggs, in contrast, are rejected. When attacking an Utetheisa egg cluster (numbering on average 20 eggs), the larva subjects it to an inspection process. It prods and/or pierces a small number of eggs (on average two to three) and, if these contain alkaloid, it passes "negative judgement" on the remainder of the cluster and turns away. Such generalization on the part of the larva makes sense, because the eggs within clusters differ little in alkaloid content. There is, however, considerable between-cluster variation in egg alkaloid content, so clusters in nature can be expected to range widely in palatability. To check each cluster for acceptability must therefore be adaptive for the larva, just as it must be adaptive for Utetheisa to lay its eggs in large clusters and to apportion alkaloid evenly among eggs of a cluster. (+info)New cytotoxic agents, BE-54238A and B, produced by a streptomycete. (7/131)
New cytotoxic substances, designated BE-54238A and B, were isolated from the culture broth of Streptomyces sp. A54238. The active principles were extracted from the mycelium by methanol and purified by Diaion HP-20 and Sephadex LH-20 column chromatographies. BE-54238A and B exhibited cytotoxic activity against murine and human tumor cell lines. (+info)Tansy ragwort poisoning in a horse in southern Ontario. (8/131)
Bizarre behavior, apparent lameness, and colic were noticed in 1 of 3 horses on a pasture overgrown by weeds during a drought. Liver failure and hepatoencephalopathy were diagnosed, caused by pyrrolizidine alkaloid toxicosis associated with consumption of tansy ragwort. The horse made a full recovery when removed from the pasture. (+info)Pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PAs) are a group of naturally occurring chemical compounds found in various plants, particularly in the families Boraginaceae, Asteraceae, and Fabaceae. These compounds have a pyrrolizidine ring structure and can be toxic or carcinogenic to humans and animals. They can contaminate food and feed sources, leading to poisoning and health issues. Chronic exposure to PAs has been linked to liver damage, veno-occlusive disease, and cancer. It is important to avoid consumption of plants containing high levels of PAs and to monitor food and feed sources for PA contamination.
I'm sorry for any confusion, but "Senecio" is not a medical term. It is actually the name of a genus of plants in the family Asteraceae, also known as the daisy or composite family. Some species of Senecio contain pyrrolizidine alkaloids, which can be toxic to livestock and potentially harmful to humans if ingested. However, there is no direct medical relevance of "Senecio" itself in the context of medical definitions.
Plant poisoning is a form of poisoning that occurs when someone ingests, inhales, or comes into contact with any part of a plant that contains toxic substances. These toxins can cause a range of symptoms, depending on the type and amount of plant consumed or exposed to, as well as the individual's age, health status, and sensitivity to the toxin.
Symptoms of plant poisoning may include nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal pain, difficulty breathing, skin rashes, seizures, or in severe cases, even death. Some common plants that can cause poisoning include poison ivy, poison oak, foxglove, oleander, and hemlock, among many others.
If you suspect plant poisoning, it is important to seek medical attention immediately and bring a sample of the plant or information about its identity if possible. This will help healthcare providers diagnose and treat the poisoning more effectively.
Boraginaceae is a family of flowering plants that includes approximately 150 genera and around 2,700 species. This family is characterized by having flowers with five united sepals and five distinct petals, often forming a bell or tube shape. The stamens are usually fused to the corolla (the collective term for the petals).
Plants in this family can be found worldwide, but they are particularly diverse in Mediterranean regions and tropical mountainous areas. They include both herbaceous plants and woody shrubs. Some familiar examples of Boraginaceae include forget-me-nots (Myosotis spp.), borage (Borago officinalis), and heliotrope (Heliotropium spp.).
It's important to note that while I strive to provide accurate information, medical definitions typically apply to terms related to medicine, clinical practice, or human health. Boraginaceae is a taxonomic category in botany, not a term with direct medical relevance. However, some plants within this family do have medicinal uses, and it's crucial to consult reliable sources or healthcare professionals for information on their safe use.
'Crotalaria' is a genus of flowering plants in the family Fabaceae, also known as the pea or legume family. These plants are commonly known as rattleboxes due to the seeds that rattle inside their swollen, inflated pods. The plants are native to tropical and warm temperate regions around the world and contain several species that can be found in various environments such as grasslands, savannas, and disturbed areas.
While 'Crotalaria' itself is not a medical term, some species of this plant genus have been reported to contain pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PAs), which can be toxic to humans and animals if ingested. These toxins can cause liver damage and other health issues in severe cases. However, it's important to note that not all Crotalaria species produce PAs, and the toxicity levels may vary depending on the specific species and individual sensitivity.
In summary, 'Crotalaria' is a genus of flowering plants with some species containing potentially toxic pyrrolizidine alkaloids. While it is not a medical term itself, it has implications for human and animal health due to the presence of these toxins in certain species.
Monocrotaline is not a medical condition but a toxic compound that is found in certain plants, including the Crotalaria species (also known as "rattlebox" or "crowtoe"). It has been used in research to create laboratory models of pulmonary hypertension. Ingestion or inhalation of monocrotaline can lead to serious health effects, including lung damage and death.
Therefore, there is no medical definition for 'Monocrotaline' as it is not a disease or condition.
Alkaloids are a type of naturally occurring organic compounds that contain mostly basic nitrogen atoms. They are often found in plants, and are known for their complex ring structures and diverse pharmacological activities. Many alkaloids have been used in medicine for their analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and therapeutic properties. Examples of alkaloids include morphine, quinine, nicotine, and caffeine.
Orthoptera is not a medical term, but rather a taxonomic order in zoology. It includes grasshoppers, crickets, and related insects. These insects are characterized by their long antennae, rear wings that are typically narrower than the front pair, and jumping or leaping locomotion.
While not directly related to medicine, some species of Orthoptera can have medical implications for humans. For example, certain types of ticks (which belong to a different order) can transmit diseases, and chigger mites (also not Orthoptera) can cause itchy skin rashes. However, the order Orthoptera itself does not have specific relevance to medical definitions or human health.
I believe there may be some confusion in your question. "Moths" are not a medical term, but rather they are a group of insects closely related to butterflies. They belong to the order Lepidoptera and are characterized by their scales covering their wings and body. If you have any questions about moths or if you meant to ask something else, please let me know!
Ultraviolet microscopy (UV microscopy) is a type of microscopy that uses ultraviolet light to visualize specimens. In this technique, ultraviolet radiation is used as the illumination source, and a special objective lens and filter are used to detect the resulting fluorescence emitted by the specimen.
The sample is usually stained with a fluorescent dye that absorbs the ultraviolet light and re-emits it at a longer wavelength, which can then be detected by the microscope's detector system. This technique allows for the visualization of structures or components within the specimen that may not be visible using traditional brightfield microscopy.
UV microscopy is commonly used in biological research to study the structure and function of cells, tissues, and proteins. It can also be used in forensic science to analyze evidence such as fingerprints, fibers, and other trace materials. However, it's important to note that UV radiation can be harmful to living tissue, so special precautions must be taken when using this technique.
"Eupatorium" is a genus of flowering plants in the family Asteraceae, also known as the daisy family. These plants are native to North America and are commonly known as Joe-Pye weeds or thoroughworts. Some species of Eupatorium have been used in traditional medicine for their alleged healing properties, although there is limited scientific evidence to support these claims. It's important to note that some Eupatorium species can contain toxic compounds and should not be ingested without proper medical supervision.
I apologize for any confusion, but "Thysanoptera" is not a medical term. It is an order of small, thin-bodied insects, also known as thrips. Thysanoptera species are typically less than 2 mm long and have delicate fringed wings. They are commonly found in various environments such as flowers, leaves, and even soil. While they can be plant pests and occasionally transmit plant viruses, they do not have a direct relevance to human medicine.
I'm having a bit of difficulty understanding the specific term you're asking about, as "Rats, Inbred ACI" doesn't seem to be a standardized nomenclature in the field of medical or biological sciences. However, I can provide some information that might help you understand this term better.
"Inbred" refers to a strain of animals that have been produced by mating individuals that are closely related over many generations. This results in a population that is highly homozygous at most genetic loci, meaning that the same allele (version of a gene) is present on both copies of the chromosome.
"ACI" is an abbreviation for August Copenhagen Irish, which is a strain of laboratory rats that were developed in the 1920s by crossing several different rat stocks. The ACI rat strain is known for its low incidence of spontaneous tumors and other diseases, making it a popular choice for biomedical research.
Therefore, "Inbred ACI" likely refers to a specific strain of laboratory rats that are genetically identical to each other due to inbreeding, and which belong to the ACI rat strain. However, I would recommend consulting the original source or contacting an expert in the field to confirm this interpretation.
Flavins are a group of naturally occurring organic compounds that contain a characteristic isoalloxazine ring, which is a tricyclic aromatic structure. The most common and well-known flavin is flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD), which plays a crucial role as a coenzyme in various biological oxidation-reduction reactions. FAD accepts electrons and hydrogens to form the reduced form, flavin adenine dinucleotide hydride (FADH2). Another important flavin is flavin mononucleotide (FMN), which is derived from FAD and functions similarly as a coenzyme. Flavins are yellow in color and can be found in various biological systems, including animals, plants, and microorganisms. They are involved in several metabolic pathways, such as the electron transport chain, where they contribute to energy production.
'Toxic plants' refer to those species of plants that contain toxic substances capable of causing harmful effects or adverse health reactions in humans and animals when ingested, touched, or inhaled. These toxins can cause a range of symptoms from mild irritation to serious conditions such as organ failure, paralysis, or even death depending on the plant, the amount consumed, and the individual's sensitivity to the toxin.
Toxic plants may contain various types of toxins, including alkaloids, glycosides, proteins, resinous substances, and essential oils. Some common examples of toxic plants include poison ivy, poison oak, nightshade, hemlock, oleander, castor bean, and foxglove. It is important to note that some parts of a plant may be toxic while others are not, and the toxicity can also vary depending on the stage of growth or environmental conditions.
If you suspect exposure to a toxic plant, it is essential to seek medical attention immediately and, if possible, bring a sample of the plant for identification.
Alkyl and aryl transferases are a group of enzymes that catalyze the transfer of alkyl or aryl groups from one molecule to another. These enzymes play a role in various biological processes, including the metabolism of drugs and other xenobiotics, as well as the biosynthesis of certain natural compounds.
Alkyl transferases typically catalyze the transfer of methyl or ethyl groups, while aryl transferases transfer larger aromatic rings. These enzymes often use cofactors such as S-adenosylmethionine (SAM) or acetyl-CoA to donate the alkyl or aryl group to a recipient molecule.
Examples of alkyl and aryl transferases include:
1. Methyltransferases: enzymes that transfer methyl groups from SAM to various acceptor molecules, such as DNA, RNA, proteins, and small molecules.
2. Histone methyltransferases: enzymes that methylate specific residues on histone proteins, which can affect chromatin structure and gene expression.
3. N-acyltransferases: enzymes that transfer acetyl or other acyl groups to amino groups in proteins or small molecules.
4. O-acyltransferases: enzymes that transfer acyl groups to hydroxyl groups in lipids, steroids, and other molecules.
5. Arylsulfatases: enzymes that remove sulfate groups from aromatic rings, releasing an alcohol and sulfate.
6. Glutathione S-transferases (GSTs): enzymes that transfer the tripeptide glutathione to electrophilic centers in xenobiotics and endogenous compounds, facilitating their detoxification and excretion.
Hepatic Veno-Occlusive Disease (VOD), also known as Sinusoidal Obstruction Syndrome (SOS), is a medical condition characterized by the obstruction or blockage of the small veins (venules) in the liver. This results in the backup of blood in the liver, leading to swelling and damage to the liver cells.
The obstruction is usually caused by the injury and inflammation of the endothelial cells lining the venules, which can be triggered by various factors such as chemotherapy drugs, radiation therapy, bone marrow transplantation, or exposure to certain toxins. The damage to the liver can lead to symptoms such as fluid accumulation in the abdomen (ascites), enlarged liver, jaundice, and in severe cases, liver failure.
The diagnosis of VOD/SOS is typically made based on a combination of clinical signs, symptoms, and imaging studies, such as ultrasound or CT scan. In some cases, a liver biopsy may be necessary to confirm the diagnosis. Treatment for VOD/SOS is primarily supportive, with the goal of managing symptoms and preventing complications. This may include medications to reduce swelling, improve liver function, and prevent infection. In severe cases, liver transplantation may be considered as a last resort.
I'm sorry for any confusion, but "grasshoppers" is not a term used in medical definitions. Grasshoppers are a type of insect that belongs to the order Orthoptera and suborder Caelifera. They are known for their long hind legs which they use for jumping, and some species can jump over 20 times their own body length. If you have any questions about medical terminology or topics, I'd be happy to help with those instead!
Ergot alkaloids are a type of chemical compound that is produced naturally by certain fungi belonging to the genus Claviceps. These alkaloids are most famously known for being produced by the ergot fungus (Claviceps purpurea), which infects cereal grains such as rye and causes a condition known as ergotism in humans and animals that consume the contaminated grain.
Ergot alkaloids have a complex chemical structure and can have various effects on the human body. They are known to act as powerful vasoconstrictors, which means that they cause blood vessels to narrow and can increase blood pressure. Some ergot alkaloids also have psychoactive effects and have been used in the past for their hallucinogenic properties.
In modern medicine, certain ergot alkaloids are used in the treatment of various conditions, including migraines and Parkinson's disease. However, these compounds can be highly toxic if not used properly, and their use must be carefully monitored to avoid serious side effects.
Convolvulaceae is a family of flowering plants, also known as the bindweed or morning glory family. It includes both annual and perennial vines, herbs, and shrubs, with over 1,650 species spread across around 60 genera. The plants in this family are characterized by their twining stems and funnel-shaped flowers. Some of the well-known members of Convolvulaceae include the sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas), morning glory (Ipomoea spp.), and bindweed (Convolvulus spp.).
Many species in this family contain ergoline alkaloids, which can have hallucinogenic effects. Some indigenous cultures have used these plants for their psychoactive properties in religious or spiritual ceremonies. However, it's important to note that some of these alkaloids can be toxic and even fatal if ingested in large quantities.
In a medical context, certain species of Convolvulaceae may be relevant due to their potential toxicity or as weeds that can cause problems in agriculture. For example, field bindweed (Convolvulus arvensis) is a notorious agricultural weed that can reduce crop yields and increase the difficulty of farming.
Pyrrolizidine alkaloid
Pyrrolizidine alkaloid sequestration
Monocrotaline
Tussilago
Pyrrolizidine alkaloidosis
Ageratum houstonianum
Genotoxicity
Senecionine
Parasenecio hastatus
Utetheisa ornatrix
Echium pininana
Echites umbellatus
Eupatorium chinense
Eupatorium fortunei
Liparis nervosa
Petasites
Eupatorium japonicum
Farfugium japonicum
Cynoglossum officinale
Heliotropium indicum
Eupatorium cannabinum
List of food contamination incidents
Ageratum conyzoides
Symphytum
Heliotropium hirsutissimum
Crotalaria cunninghamii
Bishop Monkton Ings
Senecio
Senecio madagascariensis
Jacobaea vulgaris
Pyrrolizidine alkaloid - Wikipedia
Pyrrolizidine Alkaloids | SGS Japan
Livestock Poisoning With Pyrrolizidine-Alkaloid-Containing Plants (Senecio, Crotalaria, Cynoglossum, Amsinckia, Heliotropium,...
Natural contaminants in bee pollen: DNA metabarcoding as a tool to identify floral sources of pyrrolizidine alkaloids and...
Structural elucidation of a novel pyrrolizidine alkaloid.
The pyrrolizidine alkaloid senecionine induces CYP-dependent destruction of sinusoidal endothelial cells and cholestasis in...
Mutagenicity of the pyrrolizidine (Senecio) alkaloid, lasiocarpine in the Salmonella/microsome test<...
Bioassay-directed analysis-based identification of relevant pyrrolizidine alkaloids<...
Survival in Patients with Pyrrolizidine Alkaloids-Induced Hepatic Sinusoidal Obstruction Syndrome Versus Other Causes of Portal...
Pyrrolizidine alkaloids in herbal medicines - In2Pharma
Quality control
Pyrrolizidine Alkaloids - Natural Toxins Risk in Queensland Honey - DAF eResearch Archive (eRABBB)
What's Happening at AOAC - AOAC INTERNATIONAL
Pyrrolizidine Alkaloids in Food on the Italian Market. | Molecules;28(14)2023 Jul 11. | MEDLINE
Livestock
Petasites for Pain and Inflammation - Naturopathic Doctor News and Review
Seasonal variation in defence compounds: A case study on pyrrolizidine alkaloids of clones of Jacobaea vulgaris, Jacobaea...
Search
Chapter 1. Alkaloids: Introductory Knowledge and Pharmaceutical Perspectives - Nova Science Publishers
Eucalyptus: MedlinePlus Supplements
Petasites japonicus - Wikipedia
JPM | Free Full-Text | Hepatic Venous Occlusion Type of Budd–Chiari Syndrome versus Pyrrolizidine Alkaloid-Induced...
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Groundsel Supplement: Uses, Benefits, Side Effects, Dose, Precautions & Warnings
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Natural Therapies for Children with Chronic Headaches - HealthyChildren.org
Natural Therapies for Children with Chronic Headaches - HealthyChildren.org
Toxins | May 2020 - Browse Articles
Senecio2
- fauriri Senecio interggerrimus Senecio jacobaea Senecio lautus Senecio linearifolius Senecio madagascariensis Senecio nemorensis Senecio quadridentatus Senecio riddelli Senecio scandens Senecio vulgaris Syneilesis aconitifolia Symphytum officinale Tussilago farfara The effect of PAs in humans, that is PAILDs (Pyrrolizidine Alkaloid Induced Liver Diseases), of epidemic proportions was recorded after a long field-level epidemiological investigation in the northern region of Ethiopia-Tigray. (wikipedia.org)
- Notably, only low levels of alkaloids from Echium plantagineum (Paterson's curse) and Senecio species were detected in honey. (qld.gov.au)
Toxicity2
- Greta oto, the glasswing butterfly, uses pyrrolizidine alkaloids for both toxicity in the adult moth and pheromone production in the male butterfly. (wikipedia.org)
- Butterbur contains compounds known as pyrrolizidine alkaloids that can cause liver toxicity. (mskcc.org)
Toxins7
- Pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PAs) are naturally occurring toxins that can have adverse effects on human and animals, including cancer and liver damage. (sgs.com)
- Pyrrolizidine alkaloids are widely distributed natural toxins and their consumption has been connected with acute and chronic liver damage, and even death, in wildlife, livestock and humans. (qld.gov.au)
- cardiovascular system affected by alkaloid toxins. (poultryhelp.com)
- gastrointestinal tract affected by alkaloid toxins. (poultryhelp.com)
- alkaloid toxins may cause respiratory failure. (poultryhelp.com)
- More than 350 toxic factors (alkaloids with a pyrrolizidine base) have been found in plants, with some plants containing several pyrrolizidine alkaloid toxins. (msdvetmanual.com)
- They found that grain samples gathered from household farms contained low levels of two types of plant-based liver toxins known as pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PAs). (cdc.gov)
Toxic alkaloids3
- Analysis of toxic alkaloids in body samples. (novapublishers.com)
- Because the plant contains potentially toxic alkaloids its internal use cannot be recommended[254]. (pfaf.org)
- The toxic alkaloids are metabolized in the liver to highly reactive pyrroles, which produce cytotoxic effects on target sites, most commonly the nuclei of hepatocytes. (msdvetmanual.com)
Hepatotoxic3
- Unsaturated pyrrolizidine alkaloids are hepatotoxic, that is, damaging to the liver. (wikipedia.org)
- There's a lot of concern about using groundsel as medicine, because it contains chemicals called hepatotoxic pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PAs), which may block blood flow in the veins, causing liver damage. (medicinenet.com)
- Coltsfoot, horsehoof or British tobacco contains certain amounts of hepatotoxic alkaloids (pyrrolizidine alkaloids). (botanical-online.com)
Crotalaria4
- A novel pyrrolizidine alkaloid was isolated and purified from the aerial parts of Crotalaria retusa L. Structural elucidation of the alkaloid was established by analyses of high field NMR spectra and quantum mechanical calculations. (growkudos.com)
- Structural elucidation of a novel pyrrolizidine alkaloid isolated from Crotalaria retusa L. (growkudos.com)
- Bryan N.S. Pinto, Gabriella A. Moura, Antônio J. Demuner, Elson S. Alvarenga, Structural elucidation of a novel pyrrolizidine alkaloid isolated from Crotalaria retusa L., Journal of Molecular Structure, 2022, 132394, ISSN 0022-2860, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molstruc.2022.132394. (growkudos.com)
- The seeds of many Crotalaria species contain toxic pyrrolizidine alkaloids. (pfaf.org)
Tropane alkaloids1
- An example of this is the occurrence of pyrrolizidine or tropane alkaloids in (herbal) teas or spices. (bund.de)
Teas1
- Since ancient times, people have used plants containing alkaloids as remedies in the form of teas, poultices, potions, etc. to treat some diseases or sometimes as poison and dyes. (novapublishers.com)
Plants11
- Pyrrolizidine alkaloids are produced by plants as a defense mechanism against insect herbivores. (wikipedia.org)
- It has been estimated that 3% of the world's flowering plants contain pyrrolizidine alkaloids. (wikipedia.org)
- Some ruminant animals, for example cattle, show no change in liver enzyme activities or any clinical signs of poisoning when fed low concentrations of plants containing pyrrolizidine alkaloids. (wikipedia.org)
- Many plants contain pyrrolizidine alkaloids, and in turn there are many insects which consume the plants and build up the alkaloids in their bodies. (wikipedia.org)
- However, depending on floral composition, bee pollen can be contaminated by pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PAs), PA N-oxides (PANOs) and toxigenic fungi found in plants, which may pose a potential health risk for consumers. (nih.gov)
- Pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PAs) belong to a group of secondary metabolites, found in many plants. (growkudos.com)
- Pyrrolizidine alkaloids occur in approximately 3% of flowering plants. (qld.gov.au)
- Separation of these isomers by UHPLC has enabled comparisons of the relative amounts present in honey to those amounts in east coast pyrrolizidine alkaloid containing plants. (qld.gov.au)
- Pyrrolizidine alkaloids are also found in other plants such as comfrey and borage . (botanical-online.com)
- Uncut canopies of Jesup tall fescue infected with a native endophyte produced more pyrrolizidine alkaloids in full sun than in plants grown in shaded (either ~35 or 80% of full sunlight) conditions (Belesky et al. (oregonstate.edu)
- Endophyte infected plants provide a beneficial mechanism of natural herbivore control by eliciting alkaloid production. (oregonstate.edu)
Lycopsamine2
- In this study, the predominant alkaloids detected were isomers lycopsamine, indicine and intermedine, displaying identical MS/MS spectra. (qld.gov.au)
- The plant contains lasiocarpine (a liver carcinogen) and two poisonous alkaloids (lycopsamine and supinidine viridiflorate). (innvista.com)
Occurrence1
- Correlations between the occurrence of pyrrolizidine alkaloids and the botanical/ geographical origin of the honey are essential as pyrrolizidine alkaloid contamination at up to 4000 μg/kg has been detected. (qld.gov.au)
Hepatic3
- Pyrrolizidine alkaloid-induced hepatic sinusoidal obstruction syndrome (PA-HSOS) is characterized by acute portal hypertension and liver injury. (researchsquare.com)
- Pyrrolizidine alkaloidosis is typically a chronic toxicosis that results in hepatic failure. (msdvetmanual.com)
- Pyrrolizidine alkaloids undergo hepatic metabolism. (msdvetmanual.com)
Ergot2
- Ergot alkaloids were present in Jesup infected by the native endophyte, but were absent from Jesup devoid of endophyte or host to AR542. (oregonstate.edu)
- Shading decreased the concentration of ergot alkaloid when canopies were not cut, but had minimal effect when cut to a 5- or 10-cm residue (Belesky, unpublished data, 2005). (oregonstate.edu)
Compounds1
- It currently covers 21 alkaloids, including 14 compounds that co-elute, which makes individual analytical quantification impossible under current methodologies. (sgs.com)
Isoquinoline2
- β-Phenylethylamines and the isoquinoline alkaloids. (novapublishers.com)
- isoquinoline alkaloid causes "epidemic dropsy" in humans. (poultryhelp.com)
Alkaloidosis2
- Disease associated with consumption of PAs is known as pyrrolizidine alkaloidosis. (wikipedia.org)
- These molecular alterations are presumed to create the antimitotic and megalocytic effects characteristic of pyrrolizidine alkaloidosis. (msdvetmanual.com)
Species4
- Pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PAs) are produced by various plant species and have been detected as contaminants in food and feed. (wur.nl)
- Pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PAs) are secondary metabolites produced by over 6000 plant species worldwide. (bvsalud.org)
- Like other Petasites species, fuki contains pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PAs) which have been associated with cumulative damage to the liver and tumor formation. (wikipedia.org)
- Shading seems to increase alkaloid production as well, so that home site landscaping that includes both trees and turf might have complementary influences on plant persistence by deterring insects that consume turf plant species. (oregonstate.edu)
20231
- On 1 July 2022, the Commission Regulation (EU) 2020/2040 came into force, repealed by Commission Regulation (EU) 2023/915, setting maximum levels for the sum of pyrrolizidine alkaloids in certain food . (bvsalud.org)
Comfrey1
- While the concentration of alkaloids used in the trials was much higher than that found in Comfrey, it is still advisable to limit the internal use of this plant to no more than 3 months - which is usually fine given that it works best for acute, limited physical injury conditions. (grianherbs.com)
Concentrations1
- When Jesup was infected with AR542, pyrrolizidine alkaloid concentrations were less that those occurring in the Jesup-native endophyte association, but did increase in concentration with decreasing light, irrespective of how the canopy was managed. (oregonstate.edu)
Contamination1
- The additional control measures issue the contamination of HMPs with toxic pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PAs) which can cause liver hemangiosarcoma in humans. (in2pharma.com)
Chemicals1
- The butterfly Danaus chrysippus is known to obtain pyrrolizidine alkaloids in their diet and store these chemicals, making them toxic and unpalatable to predators. (wikipedia.org)
Substances1
- e.g. of vitamins, secondary plant substances such as pyrrolizidine alkaloids and sum parameters. (biotesys.de)
United Nations E1
- Pyrrolizidine alkaloids / published under the joint sponsorship of the United Nations Environment Programme, the International Labour Organisation, and the World Health Organization. (who.int)
Humans1
- In general, many alkaloids are pharmacologically active and possess various physiological activities in humans and animals. (novapublishers.com)
Isolation1
- There are various extraction and isolation methods, available to obtain alkaloids in a smooth manner, where some are common and some are specific. (novapublishers.com)
Honey3
- Greater than 200 honey samples, sourced from markets and shops in Queensland, were analysed by UHPLC-MS/MS for 20 common pyrrolizidine alkaloids. (qld.gov.au)
- Plant pyrrolizidine alkaloid profiles will be compared to those found in honey samples. (qld.gov.au)
- An abundance of viper's bugloss in the vicinity of apiaries can be problematic, since toxic pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PAs) contained in the plant can be transferred to the honey. (admin.ch)
Necine1
- Pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PAs), sometimes referred to as necine bases, are a group of naturally occurring alkaloids based on the structure of pyrrolizidine. (wikipedia.org)
Actions1
- Actions of Piperidine Alkaloid Teratogens at Fetal Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors. (usda.gov)
Liver damage1
- Due to the alkaloids can cause liver damage , it is NOT recommended for people who are on treatments or diseases that affect somehow the liver. (botanical-online.com)
Medicinal1
- Because of the medicinal use of alkaloids, proper identification is needed for safety purposes for which, a number of identification tests are available. (novapublishers.com)
Intake1
- Their presence in food is concerning to food regulators, and Food Standards Australia New Zealand (FSANZ) have established a provisional tolerable daily intake for these alkaloids of 1 μg/kg BW/day. (qld.gov.au)
Limits1
- Do your food products, ingredients and supplements conform to regulatory limits for pyrrolizidine alkaloids? (sgs.com)
Biology1
- Buxus steroidal alkaloids: chemistry and biology. (novapublishers.com)
Methods2
- The widespread distribution of alkaloids and their wide array of structures makes their classification often difficult, hence, there are different classification methods are been reported for better understanding. (novapublishers.com)
- [7] Since many alkaloids are bitter, traditional methods of preparation may have evolved to remove them. (wikipedia.org)
Extraction1
- Herein, this work is a comprehensive revision of the web of knowledge on the introductory sight of alkaloids, their classification, extraction techniques, identification tests and pharmaceutical applications. (novapublishers.com)
Food2
- Pyrrolizidine alkaloids in Food" (PDF). (wikipedia.org)
- Pyrrolizidine Alkaloids in Food on the Italian Market. (bvsalud.org)
Structural2
- Structural elucidation of a novel pyrrolizidine alkaloid. (growkudos.com)
- Alkaloids as drug leads-a predictive structural and biodiversity based analysis. (novapublishers.com)
Classification1
- One classification is based on the substitution pattern of the pyrrolizidine ring. (wikipedia.org)
Disease1
- Recent trends in pharmacological activity of alkaloids in animal colitis: potential use for inflammatory bowel disease. (novapublishers.com)
Levels1
- Research has determined that Borage Oil does not have harmful levels of Pyrrolizidine Alkaloids (PAs). (vitacost.com)