Azoles of one NITROGEN and two double bonds that have aromatic chemical properties.
Phenolic metacyclophanes derived from condensation of PHENOLS and ALDEHYDES. The name derives from the vase-like molecular structures. A bracketed [n] indicates the number of aromatic rings.
Polymers where the main polymer chain comprises recurring amide groups. These compounds are generally formed from combinations of diamines, diacids, and amino acids and yield fibers, sheeting, or extruded forms used in textiles, gels, filters, sutures, contact lenses, and other biomaterials.
A group of compounds containing the porphin structure, four pyrrole rings connected by methine bridges in a cyclic configuration to which a variety of side chains are attached. The nature of the side chain is indicated by a prefix, as uroporphyrin, hematoporphyrin, etc. The porphyrins, in combination with iron, form the heme component in biologically significant compounds such as hemoglobin and myoglobin.
The location of the atoms, groups or ions relative to one another in a molecule, as well as the number, type and location of covalent bonds.
Oligopeptide antibiotics from Streptomyces distallicus. Their binding to DNA inhibits synthesis of nucleic acids.
Six-carbon saturated hydrocarbon group of the methane series. Include isomers and derivatives. Various polyneuropathies are caused by hexane poisoning.
A group of ALKALOIDS, characterized by a nitrogen-containing necine, occurring mainly in plants of the BORAGINACEAE; COMPOSITAE; and LEGUMINOSAE plant families. They can be activated in the liver by hydrolysis of the ester and desaturation of the necine base to reactive electrophilic pyrrolic CYTOTOXINS.
A pyrrolizidine alkaloid and a toxic plant constituent that poisons livestock and humans through the ingestion of contaminated grains and other foods. The alkaloid causes pulmonary artery hypertension, right ventricular hypertrophy, and pathological changes in the pulmonary vasculature. Significant attenuation of the cardiopulmonary changes are noted after oral magnesium treatment.
A chemical element having an atomic weight of 106.4, atomic number of 46, and the symbol Pd. It is a white, ductile metal resembling platinum, and following it in abundance and importance of applications. It is used in dentistry in the form of gold, silver, and copper alloys.
6-carbon straight-chain or branched ketones.
Ring compounds having atoms other than carbon in their nuclei. (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)
Changing an open-chain hydrocarbon to a closed ring. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 5th ed)
3-Chloro-4-(3-chloro-2-nitrophenyl)pyrrole. Antifungal antibiotic isolated from Pseudomonas pyrrocinia. It is effective mainly against Trichophyton, Microsporium, Epidermophyton, and Penicillium.
Compounds with a 5-membered ring of four carbons and an oxygen. They are aromatic heterocycles. The reduced form is tetrahydrofuran.
Rhodium. A hard and rare metal of the platinum group, atomic number 45, atomic weight 102.905, symbol Rh. (Dorland, 28th ed)
A basic polypeptide isolated from Streptomyces netropsis. It is cytotoxic and its strong, specific binding to A-T areas of DNA is useful to genetics research.
The covalent bonding of an alkyl group to an organic compound. It can occur by a simple addition reaction or by substitution of another functional group.
The facilitation of a chemical reaction by material (catalyst) that is not consumed by the reaction.
Linear TETRAPYRROLES that give a characteristic color to BILE including: BILIRUBIN; BILIVERDIN; and bilicyanin.
A republic consisting of a group of about 100 islands and islets in the western Pacific Ocean. Its capital is Koror. Under Spain it was administered as a part of the Caroline Islands but was sold to Germany in 1899. Seized by Japan in 1914, it was taken by the Allies in World War II in 1944. In 1947 it became part of the U.S. Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands, became internally self-governing in 1980, obtained independent control over its foreign policy (except defense) in 1986, and achieved total independence October 1, 1994. (Webster's New Geographical Dictionary, 1988, p915; telephone communication with Randy Flynn, Board on Geographic Names, 17 January 1995)
Spectroscopic method of measuring the magnetic moment of elementary particles such as atomic nuclei, protons or electrons. It is employed in clinical applications such as NMR Tomography (MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING).
A genus of large, brightly colored SPONGES in the family Agelasidae, possessing a skeleton of spongin fibers with a core of large spicules (megascleres).
That portion of the electromagnetic spectrum from the UHF (ultrahigh frequency) radio waves and extending into the INFRARED RAYS frequencies.
The phenomenon whereby compounds whose molecules have the same number and kind of atoms and the same atomic arrangement, but differ in their spatial relationships. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 5th ed)
Inorganic or organic compounds derived from phosphine (PH3) by the replacement of H atoms. (From Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)
1,3,6,7-Tetramethyl-4,5-dicarboxyethyl-2,8-divinylbilenone. Biosynthesized from hemoglobin as a precursor of bilirubin. Occurs in the bile of AMPHIBIANS and of birds, but not in normal human bile or serum.
The characteristic three-dimensional shape of a molecule.
Hydrocarbons with at least one triple bond in the linear portion, of the general formula Cn-H2n-2.
Compounds formed by the joining of smaller, usually repeating, units linked by covalent bonds. These compounds often form large macromolecules (e.g., BIOPOLYMERS; PLASTICS).
Models used experimentally or theoretically to study molecular shape, electronic properties, or interactions; includes analogous molecules, computer-generated graphics, and mechanical structures.
Negatively charged atoms, radicals or groups of atoms which travel to the anode or positive pole during electrolysis.
An antineoplastic agent derived from BLEOMYCIN.
Benzopyrroles with the nitrogen at the number one carbon adjacent to the benzyl portion, in contrast to ISOINDOLES which have the nitrogen away from the six-membered ring.
Unsaturated hydrocarbons of the type Cn-H2n, indicated by the suffix -ene. (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed, p408)
Inorganic salts of the hypothetical acid, H3Fe(CN)6.
Organic compounds containing a carbonyl group in the form -CHO.
A class of compounds of the type R-M, where a C atom is joined directly to any other element except H, C, N, O, F, Cl, Br, I, or At. (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)
The color-furnishing portion of hemoglobin. It is found free in tissues and as the prosthetic group in many hemeproteins.
Imidazole derivative anesthetic and hypnotic with little effect on blood gases, ventilation, or the cardiovascular system. It has been proposed as an induction anesthetic.
Porphyrins with four methyl, two vinyl, and two propionic acid side chains attached to the pyrrole rings. Protoporphyrin IX occurs in hemoglobin, myoglobin, and most of the cytochromes.
The theory that the radiation and absorption of energy take place in definite quantities called quanta (E) which vary in size and are defined by the equation E=hv in which h is Planck's constant and v is the frequency of the radiation.
A group of compounds derived from ammonia by substituting organic radicals for the hydrogens. (From Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)
The study of chemical changes resulting from electrical action and electrical activity resulting from chemical changes.
The phylum of sponges which are sessile, suspension-feeding, multicellular animals that utilize flagellated cells called choanocytes to circulate water. Most are hermaphroditic. They are probably an early evolutionary side branch that gave rise to no other group of animals. Except for about 150 freshwater species, sponges are marine animals. They are a source of ALKALOIDS; STEROLS; and other complex molecules useful in medicine and biological research.
Compounds containing 1,3-diazole, a five membered aromatic ring containing two nitrogen atoms separated by one of the carbons. Chemically reduced ones include IMIDAZOLINES and IMIDAZOLIDINES. Distinguish from 1,2-diazole (PYRAZOLES).
A low-energy attractive force between hydrogen and another element. It plays a major role in determining the properties of water, proteins, and other compounds.
The parts of a macromolecule that directly participate in its specific combination with another molecule.
The relationship between the chemical structure of a compound and its biological or pharmacological activity. Compounds are often classed together because they have structural characteristics in common including shape, size, stereochemical arrangement, and distribution of functional groups.
Analysis of the intensity of Raman scattering of monochromatic light as a function of frequency of the scattered light.
Organic compounds containing the -CO-NH2 radical. Amides are derived from acids by replacement of -OH by -NH2 or from ammonia by the replacement of H by an acyl group. (From Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)
The study of crystal structure using X-RAY DIFFRACTION techniques. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)
Organic nitrogenous bases. Many alkaloids of medical importance occur in the animal and vegetable kingdoms, and some have been synthesized. (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)
Electric conductors through which electric currents enter or leave a medium, whether it be an electrolytic solution, solid, molten mass, gas, or vacuum.
Substances used for the detection, identification, analysis, etc. of chemical, biological, or pathologic processes or conditions. Indicators are substances that change in physical appearance, e.g., color, at or approaching the endpoint of a chemical titration, e.g., on the passage between acidity and alkalinity. Reagents are substances used for the detection or determination of another substance by chemical or microscopical means, especially analysis. Types of reagents are precipitants, solvents, oxidizers, reducers, fluxes, and colorimetric reagents. (From Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed, p301, p499)
A deoxyribonucleotide polymer that is the primary genetic material of all cells. Eukaryotic and prokaryotic organisms normally contain DNA in a double-stranded state, yet several important biological processes transiently involve single-stranded regions. DNA, which consists of a polysugar-phosphate backbone possessing projections of purines (adenine and guanine) and pyrimidines (thymine and cytosine), forms a double helix that is held together by hydrogen bonds between these purines and pyrimidines (adenine to thymine and guanine to cytosine).
The art or process of comparing photometrically the relative intensities of the light in different parts of the spectrum.
Higher-order DNA and RNA structures formed from guanine-rich sequences. They are formed around a core of at least 2 stacked tetrads of hydrogen-bonded GUANINE bases. They can be formed from one two or four separate strands of DNA (or RNA) and can display a wide variety of topologies, which are a consequence of various combinations of strand direction, length, and sequence. (From Nucleic Acids Res. 2006;34(19):5402-15)
A rigorously mathematical analysis of energy relationships (heat, work, temperature, and equilibrium). It describes systems whose states are determined by thermal parameters, such as temperature, in addition to mechanical and electromagnetic parameters. (From Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary, 12th ed)
The measurement of the quantity of heat involved in various processes, such as chemical reactions, changes of state, and formations of solutions, or in the determination of the heat capacities of substances. The fundamental unit of measurement is the joule or the calorie (4.184 joules). (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)
The phenomenon whereby certain chemical compounds have structures that are different although the compounds possess the same elemental composition. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 5th ed)
Binary compounds of oxygen containing the anion O(2-). The anion combines with metals to form alkaline oxides and non-metals to form acidic oxides.
Theoretical representations that simulate the behavior or activity of chemical processes or phenomena; includes the use of mathematical equations, computers, and other electronic equipment.
A chemical reaction in which an electron is transferred from one molecule to another. The electron-donating molecule is the reducing agent or reductant; the electron-accepting molecule is the oxidizing agent or oxidant. Reducing and oxidizing agents function as conjugate reductant-oxidant pairs or redox pairs (Lehninger, Principles of Biochemistry, 1982, p471).
Liquids that dissolve other substances (solutes), generally solids, without any change in chemical composition, as, water containing sugar. (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)
The measurement of the amplitude of the components of a complex waveform throughout the frequency range of the waveform. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 6th ed)
Fractionation of a vaporized sample as a consequence of partition between a mobile gaseous phase and a stationary phase held in a column. Two types are gas-solid chromatography, where the fixed phase is a solid, and gas-liquid, in which the stationary phase is a nonvolatile liquid supported on an inert solid matrix.
An atom or group of atoms that have a positive or negative electric charge due to a gain (negative charge) or loss (positive charge) of one or more electrons. Atoms with a positive charge are known as CATIONS; those with a negative charge are ANIONS.
Liquid chromatographic techniques which feature high inlet pressures, high sensitivity, and high speed.
A basic science concerned with the composition, structure, and properties of matter; and the reactions that occur between substances and the associated energy exchange.

Prior exposure to neurotrophins blocks inhibition of axonal regeneration by MAG and myelin via a cAMP-dependent mechanism. (1/4084)

MAG is a potent inhibitor of axonal regeneration. Here, inhibition by MAG, and myelin in general, is blocked if neurons are exposed to neurotrophins before encountering the inhibitor; priming cerebellar neurons with BDNF or GDNF, but not NGF, or priming DRG neurons with any of these neurotrophins blocks inhibition by MAG/myelin. Dibutyryl cAMP also overcomes inhibition by MAG/myelin, and cAMP is elevated by neurotrophins. A PKA inhibitor present during priming abrogates the block of inhibition. Finally, if neurons are exposed to MAG/myelin and neurotrophins simultaneously, but with the Gi protein inhibitor, inhibition is blocked. We suggest that priming neurons with particular neurotrophins elevates cAMP and activates PKA, which blocks subsequent inhibition of regeneration and that priming is required because MAG/myelin activates a Gi protein, which blocks increases in cAMP. This is important for encouraging axons to regrow in vivo.  (+info)

Increased lipophilicity and subsequent cell partitioning decrease passive transcellular diffusion of novel, highly lipophilic antioxidants. (2/4084)

Oxidative stress is considered a cause or propagator of acute and chronic disorders of the central nervous system. Novel 2, 4-diamino-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidines are potent inhibitors of iron-dependent lipid peroxidation, are cytoprotective in cell culture models of oxidative injury, and are neuroprotective in brain injury and ischemia models. The selection of lead candidates from this series required that they reach target cells deep within brain tissue in efficacious amounts after oral dosing. A homologous series of 26 highly lipophilic pyrrolopyrimidines was examined using cultured cell monolayers to understand the structure-permeability relationship and to use this information to predict brain penetration and residence time. Pyrrolopyrimidines were shown to be a more permeable structural class of membrane-interactive antioxidants where transepithelial permeability was inversely related to lipophilicity or to cell partitioning. Pyrrole substitutions influence cell partitioning where bulky hydrophobic groups increased partitioning and decreased permeability and smaller hydrophobic groups and more hydrophilic groups, especially those capable of weak hydrogen bonding, decreased partitioning, and increased permeability. Transmonolayer diffusion for these membrane-interactive antioxidants was limited mostly by desorption from the receiver-side membrane into the buffer. Thus, in this case, these in vitro cell monolayer models do not adequately mimic the in vivo situation by underestimating in vivo bioavailability of highly lipophilic compounds unless acceptors, such as serum proteins, are added to the receiving buffer.  (+info)

Involvement of phosphodiesterase-cGMP-PKG pathway in intracellular Ca2+ oscillations in pituitary GH3 cells. (3/4084)

The present study investigates the potential role of the Ca2+-calmodulin-dependent type I phosphodiesterase (PDE)-cGMP-protein kinase G (PKG) pathway in spontaneous [Ca2+]i oscillations in GH3 cells using fura-2 single cell videoimaging. Vinpocetine (2.5-50 microM), a selective inhibitor of type I PDE, induced a concentration-dependent inhibition of spontaneous [Ca2+]i oscillations in these pituitary cells, and at the same time produced an increase of the intracellular cGMP content. The cell permeable cGMP analog N2,2'-O-dibutyryl-cGMP (dB-cGMP) (1 mM) caused a progressive reduction of the frequency and the amplitude of spontaneous [Ca2+]i oscillations when added to the medium. KT5823 (400 nM), a selective inhibitor of cGMP-dependent protein kinase (PKG), produced an increase of baseline [Ca2+]i and the disappearance of spontaneous [Ca2+]i oscillations. When KT5823 was added before vinpocetine, the PKG inhibitor counteracted the [Ca2+]i lowering effect of the cGMP catabolism inhibitor. Finally, the removal of extracellular Ca2+ or the blockade of L-type voltage-sensitive calcium channels (VSCC) by nimodipine produced a decrease of cytosolic cGMP levels. Collectively, the results of the present study suggest that spontaneous [Ca2+]i oscillations in GH3 cells may be regulated by the activity of type I PDE-cGMP-PKG pathway.  (+info)

Characterization of a novel, non-peptidyl antagonist of the human glucagon receptor. (4/4084)

We have identified a series of potent, orally bioavailable, non-peptidyl, triarylimidazole and triarylpyrrole glucagon receptor antagonists. 2-(4-Pyridyl)-5-(4-chlorophenyl)-3-(5-bromo-2-propyloxyphenyl)p yrr ole (L-168,049), a prototypical member of this series, inhibits binding of labeled glucagon to the human glucagon receptor with an IC50 = 3. 7 +/- 3.4 nM (n = 7) but does not inhibit binding of labeled glucagon-like peptide to the highly homologous human glucagon-like peptide receptor at concentrations up to 10 microM. The binding affinity of L-168,049 for the human glucagon receptor is decreased 24-fold by the inclusion of divalent cations (5 mM). L-168,049 increases the apparent EC50 for glucagon stimulation of adenylyl cyclase in Chinese hamster ovary cells expressing the human glucagon receptor and decreases the maximal glucagon stimulation observed, with a Kb (concentration of antagonist that shifts the agonist dose-response 2-fold) of 25 nM. These data suggest that L-168,049 is a noncompetitive antagonist of glucagon action. Inclusion of L-168, 049 increases the rate of dissociation of labeled glucagon from the receptor 4-fold, confirming that the compound is a noncompetitive glucagon antagonist. In addition, we have identified two putative transmembrane domain residues, phenylalanine 184 in transmembrane domain 2 and tyrosine 239 in transmembrane domain 3, for which substitution by alanine reduces the affinity of L-168,049 46- and 4. 5-fold, respectively. These mutations do not alter the binding of labeled glucagon, suggesting that the binding sites for glucagon and L-168,049 are distinct.  (+info)

Characterization of the pyoluteorin biosynthetic gene cluster of Pseudomonas fluorescens Pf-5. (5/4084)

Ten genes (plt) required for the biosynthesis of pyoluteorin, an antifungal compound composed of a bichlorinated pyrrole linked to a resorcinol moiety, were identified within a 24-kb genomic region of Pseudomonas fluorescens Pf-5. The deduced amino acid sequences of eight plt genes were similar to the amino acid sequences of genes with known biosynthetic functions, including type I polyketide synthases (pltB, pltC), an acyl coenzyme A (acyl-CoA) dehydrogenase (pltE), an acyl-CoA synthetase (pltF), a thioesterase (pltG), and three halogenases (pltA, pltD, and pltM). Insertions of the transposon Tn5 or Tn3-nice or a kanamycin resistance gene in each of these genes abolished pyoluteorin production by Pf-5. The presumed functions of the eight plt products are consistent with biochemical transformations involved in pyoluteorin biosynthesis from proline and acetate precursors. Isotope labeling studies demonstrated that proline is the primary precursor to the dichloropyrrole moiety of pyoluteorin. The deduced amino acid sequence of the product of another plt gene, pltR, is similar to those of members of the LysR family of transcriptional activators. pltR and pltM are transcribed divergently from the pltLABCDEFG gene cluster, and a sequence with the characteristics of a LysR binding site was identified within the 486-bp intergenic region separating pltRM from pltLABCDEFG. Transcription of the pyoluteorin biosynthesis genes pltB, pltE, and pltF, assessed with transcriptional fusions to an ice nucleation reporter gene, was significantly greater in Pf-5 than in a pltR mutant of Pf-5. Therefore, PltR is proposed to be a transcriptional activator of linked pyoluteorin biosynthesis genes.  (+info)

Promotion of antibiotic production by high ethanol, high NaCl concentration, or heat shock in Pseudomonas fluorescens S272. (6/4084)

A stress imposed by a continuous feed of high ethanol, high NaCl concentration, or a high temperature shock increased antibiotic production by several times in Pseudomonas fluorescens S272. A tentative bioassay showed that the stress caused about 40-fold elevation in the autoinducer activity. Addition of synthetic autoinducers, N-(3-oxododecanoyl)-L-homoserine lactone or N-(3-oxohexanoyl)-L-homoserine lactone at a concentration of more than 100 micrograms/l to a non-stressed culture also increased the antibiotic production by several times. These results suggested that the antibiotic production in P. fluorescens S272 was regulated by N-acyl-homoserine lactone and the promotive effect by stress occurred through any function that increased the autoinducer production.  (+info)

Peripheral urocortin delays gastric emptying: role of CRF receptor 2. (7/4084)

Urocortin, a new mammalian member of the corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) family has been proposed to be the endogenous ligand for CRF receptor 2 (CRF-R2). We studied the influence of intravenous urocortin on gastric emptying and the role of CRF-R2 in peptide action and postoperative gastric ileus in conscious rats. The intravenous doses of rat CRF and rat urocortin producing 50% inhibition of gastric emptying were 2.5 and 1.1 microgram/kg, respectively. At these intravenous doses, CRF and urocortin have their actions fully reversed by the CRF-R1/CRF-R2 antagonist astressin at antagonist/agonist ratios of 5:1 and 67:1, respectively. Astressin (12 microgram/kg iv) completely prevented abdominal surgery-induced 54% inhibition of gastric emptying 3 h after surgery while having no effect on basal gastric emptying. The selective nonpeptide CRF-R1 antagonists antalarmin (20 mg/kg ip) and NBI-27914 (400 microgram/kg iv) did not influence intravenous CRF-, urocortin- or surgery-induced gastric stasis. These results as well as earlier ones showing that alpha-helical CRF9-41 (a CRF-R2 more selective antagonist) partly prevented postoperative ileus indicate that peripheral CRF-R2 may be primarily involved in intravenous urocortin-, CRF-, and abdominal surgery-induced gastric stasis.  (+info)

Inhibition of PC-3 human androgen-independent prostate cancer and its metastases by cytotoxic somatostatin analogue AN-238. (8/4084)

We evaluated whether AN-238, the cytotoxic analogue of somatostatin (SST) consisting of the radical 2-pyrrolinodoxorubicin (AN-201) linked covalently to the SST octapeptide carrier RC-121 (D-Phe-Cys-Tyr-D-Trp-Lys-Val-Cys-Thr-NH2), could be used for targeting human primary and metastatic prostate carcinomas that express SST receptors (SSTRs). The antitumor activity and toxicity of AN-238 and its components were first characterized in nude mice bearing s.c. xenografts of PC-3 human androgen-independent prostate cancer. In experiment 1, AN-238 was injected once i.v. at 200 nmol/kg when the mean volume of s.c. tumors was about 30 mm3. Administration of AN-238 inhibited tumor growth, as shown by a 74% decrease in tumor volume and by a 71% reduction in tumor weight after 7 weeks as compared with the control group. AN-201 at an equimolar dose did not show any antitumor activity. The mortality was 14.3% (one of seven mice) in the AN-238-treated group and 47% (three of seven mice) in mice that received AN-201. In experiment 2, two i.v. injections of AN-238 at 150 nmol/kg were given 10 days apart when the tumors measured 65-70 mm3. A significant inhibition of tumor volume (62.3%; P < 0.001) and tumor weight (61.1%; P < 0.01) was observed after 4 weeks of treatment. AN-201, given alone at the same dose or coadministered with RC-121, had no significant effect on PC-3 tumors. The suppression of tumor growth induced by AN-238 was accompanied by a significant enhancement of apoptosis (P < 0.01). There were similar side effects in all treated groups, which included a transient loss of body weight and leukopenia. The effectiveness of AN-238 in a metastatic model was then investigated in animals implanted orthotopically with 2 x 10(6) PC-3 cells. Two i.v. injections of AN-238 or AN-201 at 150 nmol/kg were administered 10 days apart at 10 weeks after intraprostatic inoculation of PC-3 cells. After 4 weeks of treatment, the mean weight of primary tumors in animals receiving AN-238 was 77% lower (P < 0.01) than that in controls. This reduction was also significantly greater (P < 0.05) than that in animals given AN-201, which showed only a 34% inhibition (nonsignificant versus controls). All control animals and four of six (67%) mice treated with AN-201 developed metastases in the lymph nodes; however, no lymphatic spread of cancer was found in the AN-238-treated group. Using reverse transcription-PCR analysis, we demonstrated the expression of SSTR2 and SSTR5 in intraprostatic tumors and their metastases in lymph nodes as well as in s.c. tumors. The present study demonstrates the high efficacy of SSTR-targeted chemotherapy in a model of advanced human androgen-independent prostatic carcinoma, as shown by the inhibition of primary tumors and their metastases by the cytotoxic SST analogue AN-238.  (+info)

The Max Foundation is partnering with Pfizer on a pilot program for international product access for Sutent® (sunitinib malate) to help ensure that international prescription assistance requests are addressed consistently and objectively. The collaboration is designed to help patients outside of the U.S. living in lower-income economies, specifically uninsured and underinsured persons living where product is either not available commercially or significant access hurdles exist and where local market initiatives cannot address the request.. Requests for Sutent® (sunitinib malate) must meet specified criteria. View our global map and click on individual countries to learn where this collaboration is operating today. Contact us for more information about access to Sutent (sunitinib malate) in these countries. ...
TY - JOUR. T1 - The design and discovery of water soluble 4-substituted-2,6-dimethylfuro[2, 3-d]pyrimidines as multitargeted receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors and microtubule targeting antitumor agents. AU - Zhang, Xin. AU - Raghavan, Sudhir. AU - Ihnat, Michael. AU - Thorpe, Jessica E.. AU - Disch, Bryan C.. AU - Bastian, Anja. AU - Bailey-Downs, Lora C.. AU - Dybdal-Hargreaves, Nicholas F.. AU - Rohena, Cristina C.. AU - Hamel, Ernest. AU - Mooberry, Susan L.. AU - Gangjee, Aleem. PY - 2014/7/15. Y1 - 2014/7/15. N2 - The design, synthesis and biological evaluations of fourteen 4-substituted 2,6-dimethylfuro[2,3-d]pyrimidines are reported. Four compounds (11-13, 15) inhibit vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2 (VEGFR-2), platelet-derived growth factor receptor β (PDGFR-β), and target tubulin leading to cytotoxicity. Compound 11 has nanomolar potency, comparable to sunitinib and semaxinib, against tumor cell lines overexpressing VEGFR-2 and PDGFR-β. Further, 11 binds at the ...
Sunitinib, a multi-targeted antiangiogenic TKI, has demonstrated clinical efficacy in advanced renal cell cancer (RCC) and gastrointestinal stromal tumors. However, treatment with antiangiogenic TKIs is hampered by resistance, but the underlying mechanisms of resistance are poorly understood. In this study we aimed to unravel mechanisms of sunitinib resistance.. Two cancer cell lines, 786-O and HT-29, which are sensitive to sunitinib treatment, were continuously exposed to sunitinib for , 1 year to induce resistance. The resistant tumor cells continued to stably grow on exposures to clinically achieved intratumoral concentrations, whereas their parental cells died at these concentrations. Staining parental and resistant tumor cells with a lysosome-specific fluorescent dye revealed accumulation of sunitinib in lysosomes, which was increased in resistant tumor cells compared to their parental cells. Increased lysosomal accumulation capacity was confirmed by flow cytometry and Western blot analysis ...
2,2,2-Trichloro-1-(1-methyl-1H-pyrrol-2-yl)-1-ethanone chemical properties, What are the chemical properties of 2,2,2-Trichloro-1-(1-methyl-1H-pyrrol-2-yl)-1-ethanone 21898-65-7, What are the physical properties of 2,2,2-Trichloro-1-(1-methyl-1H-pyrrol-2-yl)-1-ethanone ect.
This study is a Phase I trial in two parts. In part 1, an MTD to the combination of perifosine and sunitinib malate will be determined. In some previous trials with perifosine and other biologic agents, doses determined in Phase I studies are not as well tolerated in larger groups of patients when response is an endpoint. Thus in part 2, with the MTD as a starting point, a group of patients will be accrued with the goal of ensuring that they will be able to tolerate at least two courses of therapy, which would make them evaluable for response in a Phase II study. As a secondary endpoint, the effects of the combination of perifosine and sunitinib malate will be evaluated for response rate and time to progression. The pharmacokinetics of the combination of the study drugs will be measured.. For the purposes of this study, one cycle of therapy will be defined as 6 weeks. Patients will take one 50 mg tablet of perifosine one to three times a day and sunitinib malate once a day for 4 out of 6 weeks. ...
RATIONALE: Drugs used in chemotherapy, such as temozolomide, work in different ways to stop the growth of tumor cells, either by killing the cells or by stopping them from dividing. Sunitinib malate may stop the growth of tumor cells by blocking some of the enzymes needed for cell growth and by blocking blood flow to the tumor. Giving temozolomide together with sunitinib malate may kill more tumor cells.. Phase II was never conducted due to toxicity in phase I.. PURPOSE: This phase I/II trial is studying the side effects and best dose of sunitinib malate when given together with temozolomide and to see how well they work in treating patients with stage III or stage IV malignant melanoma.. ...
Read about the chemical and physical properties of 2-{1-Methyl-4-[(thieno[2,3:4,5]benzo[1,2-d][1,3]dioxole-6-carbonyl)-amino]-1H-pyrrol-2-yl}-3H-benzoimidazole-5-carboxylic acid (2-morpholin-4-yl-ethyl)-amide. Get 2-{1-Methyl-4-[(thieno[2,3:4,5]benzo[1,2-d][1,3]dioxole-6-carbonyl)-amino]-1H-pyrrol-2-yl}-3H-benzoimidazole-5-carboxylic acid (2-morpholin-4-yl-ethyl)-amide molecular formula, CAS number, boiling point, melting point, applications, synonyms and more here.
Despite the numerous constraints on p53 function in RCC [24-27], sunitinib treatment does induce the expression of several p53-dependent genes (e.g. NOXA, HDM2, p21waf) in RCC xenografts. The induction of these genes is, however, limited to the interval during which tumor growth is suppressed and is attenuated once resistance develops. Although several factors have been shown to block p53 transcriptional activity in RCC, these are for the most part stable genetic alterations (e.g. KR-POK expression) that are not known to be subject to regulation by hypoxia or other metabolic changes that occur during treatment with angiogenesis inhibitors.. The factor(s) responsible for the transient activation and subsequent inactivation of p53 transcriptional activity during the course of treatment with sunitinib are unknown but at least one well-characterized p53 transcriptional suppressant (i.e. HDMX) appears to be temporally linked to p53 function in our xenograft models and may therefore be a candidate. ...
3. The 2006 Demetri et al paper alluded to differences in Sutent response by mutation type, and these data have been reported at ASCO 2006 by Heinrich. Will analyses by mutation type be performed on the continuation trial? What is the current knowledge on this topic?. No mutation analysis data available.. 4. Do you recommend mutation testing for patients prior to considering whether to switch from Gleevec to Sutent versus to enter a clinical trial, or should all such patients (even exon 11 patients with secondary exon 17 mutations) try sunitinib after experiencing resistance to Gleevec?. Sunitinib is considered standard of care for second-line therapy (having failed imatinib) irrespective of mutational status.. 5. How long a washout period (if any) would you recommend between stopping Gleevec and starting Sutent?. Sunitinib can be started 24 hours after the last imatinib dose (Casali et al. ASCO 2008, abstract 10557).. 6. Do the side effects reported for Sutent tend to diminish with the passage ...
Pyrrole nucleus is one of the most important heterocycles abundantly found in bioactive natural molecules, forming the characteristic subunit of heme, chloroph...
Renal cell carcinoma (RCC), the 13th most common malignancy worldwide, kills about 116,000 people annually (1). While early-stage RCC is treatable by surgical and other interventions, the metastatic form of this malignancy is chemotherapy-resistant and lethal (2). RCC comprises several distinct histologic varieties, of which clear cell (cc)RCC represents the dominant subtype and accounts for up to 85% of all RCC cases (3). Over the past decade, small-molecule therapies that target growth factor-, angiogenesis-, and nutrient-sensing pathways (e.g., the tyrosine kinase inhibitors sunitinib and sorafenib) have become the frontline treatment options for advanced RCCs (2, 4). Although most patients will derive some benefit from these agents, virtually all will experience significant side effects, eventually develop resistance, and ultimately succumb to metastatic disease within 5 years (5, 6). Treatment of advanced RCCs is therefore still a significant therapeutic challenge.. Before the introduction ...
Investigations into the parallel synthesis of selected analogues of a structurally unique pyrrole-oxazole analogue of the pyrrole insecticide pirate, are reported. Acylaminoketone salts were obtained from ketobromides in moderate to high yields and excellent purity. A number of N-tosyl pyrroles were obtained; however, formation of the target acyl tosyl pyrroles was thwarted by the stereoelectronic effects of the pyrrole substituents. During the pyrrole subunit chemistry, an interesting pyrrole derivative, vinyl pyrrole, was isolated. By restricting diversity to the aryl subunit, the parallel synthesis of selected pyrrole-oxazoles in moderate purity, was achieved when electron-donating or no groups were present on the aryl ring ...
During our investigation in the area of antimycobacterial agents, we have identified the 1,5-(4-chlorophenyl)-2-methyl-3- (4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)methyl-1H-pyrrole (BM212) as the lead compound for a new class of antimycobacterial pyrrole derivatives with potent in vitro activity against mycobacteria and with low cytotoxicity. We have also identified the salient structural features of BM212, while structure-activity relationships (SAR) and molecular modeling studies on pyrrole compounds allowed us to design and synthesize additional analogues. Among them, seven compounds revealed a very high activity (better than that of BM212 toward mycobacteria) and a very interesting protection index, comparable to that of reference compounds, such as isoniazid, streptomycin and rifampin.. ...
Structure, properties, spectra, suppliers and links for: (2-{(2E)-2-[(1-Methyl-1H-pyrrol-2-yl)methylene]hydrazino}-4-oxo-4,5-dihydro-1,3-thiazol-5-yl)ace.
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You are viewing an interactive 3D depiction of the molecule 3-[5-[(e)-[(5e)-5-[[5-[(e)-[4-(2-carboxyethyl)-3-methyl-5-oxo-pyrrol-2-ylidene]methyl]-3-methyl-4-vinyl-1h-pyrrol-2-yl]methylene]-4-methyl-3-vinyl-pyrrol-2-ylidene]methyl]-4-methyl-2-oxo-pyrrol-3-yl]propanoic acid (C33H26N4O6) from the PQR.
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2-cyclohexyl-1-(1-dimethylamino-1H-pyrrol-2-yl)-propan-1-one - chemical structural formula, chemical names, chemical properties, synthesis references
You are viewing an interactive 3D depiction of the molecule {2-[4,5-bis(4-methoxyphenyl)-1,3-thiazol-2-yl]-1h-pyrrol-1-yl}acetic acid (C23H20N2O4S) from the PQR.
Effects of imatinib, flumatinib, and sunitinib on the phosphorylation of KIT, ERK1/2, and signal transducer and activator of transcription-3 (STAT3) in 32D-V559
The reaction between 3-aminocrotonates and 3-acetonylideneoxindole in refluxing toluene resulted in 2-pyrrolo-3 -yloxindoles in high yields (around 90%). At room temperature the 2-pyrrolo-3 -yioxindoles exists as keto-enol tautomers. Treatment with POCl3 yielded the 2-chloro-3-pyrrolyl indole, which gave the pyrrolo annulated indolopyran-2-one upon basic hydrolysis of 2-chloro-3-pyrrolyl indole methyl ester.. ...
Sunitinib is a potent and clinically approved tyrosine kinase inhibitor that can suppress tumour growth by inhibiting angiogenesis. However, conflicting data exist regarding the effects of this drug on the growth of metastases in preclinical models. Here we use 4T1 and RENCA tumour cells, which both form lung metastases in Balb/c mice, to re-address the effects of sunitinib on the progression of metastatic disease in mice. We show that treatment of mice with sunitinib prior to intravenous injection of tumour cells can promote the seeding and growth of 4T1 lung metastases, but not RENCA lung metastases, showing that this effect is cell line dependent. However, increased metastasis occurred only upon administration of a very high sunitinib dose, but not when lower, clinically relevant doses were used. Mechanistically, high dose sunitinib led to a pericyte depletion effect in the lung vasculature that correlated with increased seeding of metastasis. By administering sunitinib to mice after intravenous
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Dovitinib is a small-molecule multitargeted receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor, which inhibits Ba/F3 cells transformed to IL3 independence by ZNF198-FGFR1 or BCR-FGFR1 with IC50 values of 150 nM and 90 nM, respectively.
This study determined the maximum tolerated dose and safety of SU011248 (sunitinib malate, SUTENT) in combination with FOLFOX [Leucovorin + Fluorouracil
See risks & benefits. Strategies for HCPs on how to help manage certain adverse reactions (ARs) when using SUTENT® to treat certain patients with advanced pNET
OK, since you have asked, this is from my guide:. The mechanism for that to occur relates to how most pharmaceutical drugs, including Sutent, are metabolized in the gut. Sutent is a substrate (that is, a chemical that is acted on by an enzyme) for the enzyme known as Cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4). However, other drugs or foods may also be substrates for CYP3A4. If so, they may compete with Sutent for the amount of CYP3A4 enzyme that is available. If these substances use up a lot of the CYP3A4 enzyme then the Sutent may not get metabolized properly. Instead Sutent may remain in the blood stream at an abnormally high level. This could possibly lead to some very severe side effects.. Any supplements (or other medications or foods) that increase (or induce) the activity of this enzyme (such as St. Johns Wort) will decrease the concentration of Sutent getting into the bloodstream. The increased activity of CYP3A4 will cause Sutent to be metabolized too quickly, resulting in less of it being ...
OK, since you have asked, this is from my guide:. The mechanism for that to occur relates to how most pharmaceutical drugs, including Sutent, are metabolized in the gut. Sutent is a substrate (that is, a chemical that is acted on by an enzyme) for the enzyme known as Cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4). However, other drugs or foods may also be substrates for CYP3A4. If so, they may compete with Sutent for the amount of CYP3A4 enzyme that is available. If these substances use up a lot of the CYP3A4 enzyme then the Sutent may not get metabolized properly. Instead Sutent may remain in the blood stream at an abnormally high level. This could possibly lead to some very severe side effects.. Any supplements (or other medications or foods) that increase (or induce) the activity of this enzyme (such as St. Johns Wort) will decrease the concentration of Sutent getting into the bloodstream. The increased activity of CYP3A4 will cause Sutent to be metabolized too quickly, resulting in less of it being ...
In the press release announcing the prostate cancer trial ending, Pfizer highlighted a trial testing Sutent in kidney cancer after surgery. Treating patients before they reach the advanced stage would boost sales, and the fact that Sutent already works against kidney cancer should give patients confidence that the trial might actually succeed.. Until the results are in, investors will just have to dwell on what could have been.. Alex Dumortier warns you not to buy stocks for the wrong reason. ...
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RATIONALE: Diagnostic procedures, such as MRI, may help doctors predict a patients response to treatment and help plan the best treatment. PURPO
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N-Methyl-2-Acetyl Pyrrole is a colorless to pale yellow liquid. With an odor reminiscent of baked nuts and almonds, this aromatic product finds applicat...
Health,...And cancer drug Sutent may slow liver cancer progression scientists r... MONDAY April 14 (HealthDay News) -- A new drug duo might help preven...So conclude two studies presented Monday at the American Association f...In the first report researchers found that a two-drug regimen made up...,New,Drug,Duo,Helps,Fight,,Colon,Cancer,medicine,medical news today,latest medical news,medical newsletters,current medical news,latest medicine news
The present study shows, for the first time, the time-dependent and LDL-R phenotype-dependent effect of high-dose atorvastatin on HDL cholesterol levels in patients with HFH. Our major findings are that (1) an early and transitory reduction of HDL cholesterol levels occurs during the first weeks of atorvastatin treatment in HFH patients; (2) the degree of the transitory reduction is greater in receptor-negative patients than in receptor-defective patients; and (3) after long-term treatment, HDL cholesterol concentration remains higher in receptor-defective than in receptor-negative patients as a function of residual LDL-R activity in receptor-defective HFH patients.. Consistent with previous reports,5,6 we did not find a significant variation in mean HDL cholesterol levels after long-term treatment of HFH patients with high-dose atorvastatin. However, we confirmed in those patients a short-term reduction in HDL cholesterol levels that was reported in heterozygous FH patients,3 with the nadir ...
TY - JOUR. T1 - High-dose atorvastatin enhances impaired cerebral vasomotor reactivity. AU - Forteza, Alejandro. AU - Romano, Jose G.. AU - Campo-Bustillo, Iszet. AU - Campo, Nelly. AU - Haussen, Diogo C.. AU - Gutierrez, Jose. AU - Koch, Sebastian. PY - 2012/8/1. Y1 - 2012/8/1. N2 - The influence of statin therapy on cerebral vasomotor function has not been fully characterized. We report the effects of high-dose atorvastatin therapy on cerebral vasomotor reactivity (VMR) in patients with controlled hypertension and dyslipidemia. We prospectively enrolled 36 patients with controlled hypertension and a low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol concentration ,100 mg/dL. Atorvastatin 80 mg was given daily for 6 months and then discontinued. VMR was assessed by hypercapnic and hypocapnic transcranial Doppler challenge in both the right and left middle cerebral artery (MCA) at baseline, and after 3 and 6 months of therapy. Forty-five days after statin cessation, a repeat VMR was performed. VMR ...
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The study by Cannon and colleagues shows that more intensive lowering of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol with statin therapy in patients with a recent ACS reduced subsequent risk for major adverse CV events. This trial also supports the hypothesis that more aggressive LDL reduction to a target level of 60 mg/dL (1.5 mmol/L) yields greater benefit than the current guideline recommendation (LDL level , 100 mg/dL [2.6 mmol/L]). In the ACS population, the benefit of very aggressive LDL reduction compared with moderate reduction is evident as early as 1 month after initiating therapy. This reduction would take 2 years in patients with stable coronary artery disease. In the MIRACL study, high-dose atorvastatin therapy initiated within days of an ACS diagnosis reduced recurrent ischemic events within 16 weeks (1). Early, aggressive statin therapy in patients with ACS has a powerful role in passivating the unstable and vulnerable plaque(s). The subgroup analysis in the study by Cannon and ...
Adsorption of pyrrole derivatives in alkali metal cation-exchanged faujasites: comparative studies by surface vibrational techniques, X-ray diffraction and temperature-programmed desorption augmented with theoretical studies. Part II: Methylated pyrrole derivatives as probe molecules ...
Objective: Lowering LDL-cholesterol (LDL-C) is associated with improved outcomes in patients at high risk for cardiovascular disease. LDL-C goals recommended by NCEP ATP III are dependent upon pre-existing cardiovascular risk factors. Statins are the first recommended pharmacotherapy. Since the availability of generic atorvastatin will likely increase its use, this analysis examined LDL-C goal attainment in high-risk US patients treated with atorvastatin monotherapy.. Methods: In this retrospective study using the GE Healthcare Centricity database, patients who received a prescription for atorvastatin monotherapy (the index Rx) between 01/01/08 and 12/31/10 were identified. They were selected for the analysis if they also had an ICD-9 diagnosis or CPT procedure code indicated for coronary heart disease or atherosclerotic vascular disease, ≥ 1 LDL-C measurement between 3 mo and 1 yr post index Rx, and medical records for 1 yr prior to and following index Rx. Endpoints included the proportion of ...
Sunitinib malate is a multitargeted receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor used in the treatment of human malignancies. A substantial number of sunitinib-treated patients develop cardiac dysfunction, but the mechanism of sunitinib-induced cardiotoxicity is poorly understood. We show that mice treated with sunitinib develop cardiac and coronary microvascular dysfunction and exhibit an impaired cardiac response to stress. The physiological changes caused by treatment with sunitinib are accompanied by a substantial depletion of coronary microvascular pericytes. Pericytes are a cell type that is dependent on intact platelet-derived growth factor receptor (PDGFR) signaling but whose role in the heart is poorly defined. Sunitinib-induced pericyte depletion and coronary microvascular dysfunction are recapitulated by CP-673451, a structurally distinct PDGFR inhibitor, confirming the role of PDGFR in pericyte survival. Thalidomide, an anticancer agent that is known to exert beneficial effects on pericyte ...
Results Baseline demographic characteristics and nephropathy risk factors were similar between groups. 4.8% of patients in the high-dose group developed CIN versus 7.6% of those in the low-dose group (p,0.05). In the high-dose group, postprocedure serum creatinine was significantly lower (1.08±0.42 vs 1.14±0.38 mg/dl, p,0.05), creatinine clearance was decreased (78.9±22.2 vs 72.0±36.6 ml/min, p,0.05), multivariable analysis showed that high-dose atorvastatin pretreatment was independently associated with a decreased risk of CIN (OR 0.31, 95% CI 0.22 to 0.86, p,0.05).. ...
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Circulating endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) reflect endothelial repair capacity and may be a significant marker for the clinical outcomes of cardiovascular disease. While some high-dose statin treatments may improve endothelial function, it is not known whether different statins may have similar effects on EPCs.This study aimed to investigate the potential class effects of different statin treatment including pitavastatin and atorvastatin on circulating EPCs in clinical setting. A pilot prospective, double-blind, randomized study was conducted to evaluate the ordinary dose of pitavastatin (2 mg daily) or atorvastatin (10 mg daily) treatment for 12 weeks on circulating EPCs in patients with cardiovascular risk such as hypercholesterolemia and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Additional in vitro study was conducted to clarify the direct effects of both statins on EPCs from the patients. A total of 26 patients (19 with T2DM) completed the study. While the lipid-lowering effects were similar in both
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The results of this analysis indicated that high-dose, compared with lower-dose, statin increased the risk of NOD among patients with 2 to 4 diabetes risk factors. No increased risk of NOD was seen with high-dose statin treatment in patients with 0 to 1 risk factors for diabetes. Slightly more than half of TNT patients and nearly two-thirds of IDEAL patients were in the low-risk group for diabetes. Compared with low-dose statin, atorvastatin 80 mg reduced the number of CV events both in patients at low and high risk for diabetes.. These results should reassure physicians treating patients at low risk for diabetes. Such patients do not appear to incur an increased risk of diabetes with high-dose atorvastatin and derive benefit in terms of CV event reduction. Among the 6,231 patients in the TNT and IDEAL trials at high risk for NOD, treatment with atorvastatin 80 mg compared with a lower statin dose was associated with 80 more cases of NOD and the prevention of 94 major CV events in 58 ...
A new upper limit of binding site size is defined for the 2:1 overlapped polyamide:DNA motif. Eight-ring polyamides composed of four-ring subunits containing pyrrole (Py) and imidazole (Im) amino acids linked by a central beta-alanine (beta) spacer (4-beta-4 ligands) were designed for recognition of eleven base pair sequences as antiparallel dimer (4-beta-4)(2) DNA complexes in the minor groove. The DNA binding properties of three polyamides, ImPyPyPy-beta-PyPyPyPy-beta-Dp, ImImPyPy-beta-PyPyPyPy-beta-Dp, and ImImImPy-beta-PyPyPyPy-beta-Dp, were analyzed by footprinting experiments on DNA fragments containing the respective match sites 5-AGTAATTTACT-3, 5-AGGTATTACCT-3 (Dp = dimethylaminopropylamide). Quantitative footprint titrations reveal that each polyamide binds its respective target site with subnanomolar affinity and 7-fold to over 30-fold specificity over double-base-pair mismatch sites. A 20-fold decrease in binding affinity is observed for placement of a side-by-side beta-beta ...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Enhanced cardioprotection against ischemia-reperfusion injury with combining sildenafil with low-dose atorvastatin. AU - Rosanio, Salvatore. AU - Ye, Yumei. AU - Atar, Shaul. AU - Rahman, Atiar M.. AU - Freeberg, Sheldon Y.. AU - Huang, Ming He. AU - Uretsky, Barry F.. AU - Birnbaum, Yochai. PY - 2006/2. Y1 - 2006/2. N2 - Purpose: Both ATV and SL reduce myocardial infarct size (IS) by enhancing expression and activity of NOS isoforms. We investigated whether atorvastatin (ATV) and sildenafil (SL) have synergistic effects on myocardial infarct size (IS) reduction and enhancing nitric oxide synthase (NOS) expression. Method: Rats were randomized to nine groups: ATV-1 (1 mg/kg/d); ATV-10 (10 mg/kg/d); SL-0.7 (0.7 mg/kg); SL-1 (1 mg/kg); ATV-1 + SL-0.7; water alone (controls); 1400W (iNOS inhibitor; 1 mg/kg); ATV-10 + 1400W; and ATV-1 + SL-0.7 + 1400W. ATV was administered orally for 3 days. SL was administered intraperitoneally 18 h before surgery and 1400W intravenously 15 min ...
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This retrospective study investigated whether patients at a high risk of cardiovascular disease receiving atorvastatin monotherapy achieved guidelines-specific
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to investigate the feasibility of using contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) in experimental breast cancer bone metastases and its utilization for assessment of early antiangiogenic treatment response in these lesions. MATERIALS AND METHODS Nude rats bearing bone metastases (n = 20) were treated with the antiangiogenic tyrosine kinase inhibitor sunitinib daily from days 30 to 35 after MDA-MB-231 tumor cell inoculation (n = 10) and compared with sham-treated controls (n = 10). Imaging with ultrasound (US) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was performed on days 30, 32, and 35 after tumor cell inoculation to determine tumor volume and parameters of vascularization in bone metastases. Contrast-enhanced US images were used to calculate wash-in and wash-out values, peak enhancement, and area under the curve from time intensity curves. In addition, a quantitative analysis software was used to determine regional blood volume and flow as well as filling times within bone
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Background: Although the bio kinetics, metabolism and chemical toxicity of Atorvastatin are well known, until recently little attention was paid to the potential neurotoxic effect of Atorvastatin (Atv). Regarding the concrete evidences indicating Atv may reduce Coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) levels through blockage of metalonate cycle, the present work aims to determine if Atorvastatin may provide toxic effects on brain mitochondria and whether its supplementation with two lipidicantioxidants, CoQ10 and Vit E may improve such outcomes. Methods: to evaluate mitochondrial toxicity, male NMRI mice were first treated with Atorvastatin(bo; 20 and 60 mg/kg) every other day with or without supplementation with CoQ10 (200 mg/kg) or Vit E (40 u/kg). After a period of 4 weeks, the animals were euthanized and brain cortices were harvested ad subjected to mitochondria isolation procedure. ROS release, mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) and cytochrome c release were performed to precisely address the probable
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Objective The aim of the study was to evaluate a possible effect of atorvastatin on renal interleukins (ILs) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) in type 1 diabetic rats.
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Renal Cortical Structural Alterations in Atorvastatin-treated Rats and the Possible Protective Mechanisms of L-Carnitine, Sahar Youssef* and Marwa Salah1
Therefore, for long-term applications, chemical conjugation approaches appear reasonable because chemically immobilized NGF exhibited neurotrophic activities on various materials, such as polystyrene sulphonate (PSS)-doped PPy films and poly(2-hydroxyethylmethacrylate) (PHEMA) gels coupled with NGF using the arylazido-polyallylamine (azido-PAA) photocrosslinkers (Kapur & Shoichet 2003; Gomez & Schmidt 2007) and glutaraldehyde-activated beads (Naka et al. 2004). Although non-specific photocrosslinkers can be employed to immobilize most organic substrates, this technique can disrupt neurotrophin activities and conductive polymer surfaces as well (Kapur & Shoichet 2003). Thus, the functionalized PPy described here can be a good option to specifically conjugate NGF under relatively simple and mild conditions. One obstacle is that pyrrole derivatives, particularly N-substituted pyrrole derivatives, hinder the structural planarity of π-electron conjugation in PPy, which results in a severe decrease ...
Suppliers List, E-mail/RFQ Form, Molecular Structure, Weight, Formula, IUPAC, Synonyms for ([2,5-DIMETHYL-1-(PYRIDIN-4-YLMETHYL)-1H-PYRROL-3-YL]METHYL)AMINE
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5N5L: Crystal structure of human Pim-1 kinase in complex with a consensuspeptide and [2-oxo-2-(1H-pyrrol-2-yl)ethyl] 5-bromo-1H-indole-3-carboxylate
Copyright ? 2016 Cole, Dennis and Chase. isoproterenol (ISO), which, physiologically, will be expected to compound the mechanical deficit associated with a mutation in troponin T (TnT). Surprisingly, Wu et al. (2015) find that the mechanisms of altered -adrenergic signaling involve a direct role for TnT in epigenetic control of phosphodiesterase (PDE) expression, and that the mutation affects TnT function not only in the myofilament lattice, Sunitinib Malate tyrosianse inhibitor but also in the nucleus. This foundational work demonstrates the utility of iPSC-CMs for direct comparison of healthy vs. diseased tissues by providing a platform for identifying previously unrecognized molecular and cellular mechanisms in the progression of DCM. The mutation studied by Wu et al. (2015) is usually a point mutation in the gene for the cardiac isoform of TnT, resulting in a single amino acid change (TNNT2 R173W) in or adjacent to TnTs tropomyosin-binding region. Many DCM mutations in myofilament proteins ...
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Results No statistically significant differences were found between smokers and non-smokers at the beginning of the observations, except for SCORE (7.13 vs. 3.92, p=0.031) and the disease duration (6.4 vs. 15.9 years, p=0.002). SCORE values, total cholesterol and ICAM-1 serum concentrations decreased during the study in both groups; in smokers: 7.13 vs. 4.44 (p=0.001), 258 vs. 197 mg/dl (p,0.001), 130 vs. 113 pg/ml (p=0.005), respectively, and in non-smokers: 3.29 vs. 3.00 (p=0.069), 261 vs. 213 mg/dl (p=0.012), 132 vs. 108 pg/ml (p=0.018), respectively. After the ATS treatment, CX3CL1 and CCL5 levels dropped significantly only in ever-smoking patients: 1779 vs. 1446 pg/ml (p=0.031) and 1348 vs. 1020 pg/ml (p=0.001), respectively. The ATS treatment had no effect on serum CCL2 and VEGF throughout the observation period.. ...
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... aus Azinen" [Synthesis of pyrrole derivatives: pyrrole from diethyl succinyl succinate, pyrrole from azines]. Berichte ... In contrast, substituted pyrroles (including protected pyrroles) have been used in a broad range of transformations. Pyrroles ... Pyrrole aldehydes can be formed by a Vilsmeier-Haack reaction. N-Acylation of simple pyrrole does not occur.[citation needed] ... Pyrrole has a nutty odor. Pyrrole is a 5-membered aromatic heterocycle, like furan and thiophene. Unlike furan and thiophene, ...
... (PIPs) are a class of polyamides have the ability to bind to minor grooves found in the DNA helix ... Wu, Chunlei; Wang, Wei; Fang, Lijing; Su, Wu (July 2018). "Programmable pyrrole-imidazole polyamides: A potent tool for DNA ... Kawamoto, Yusuke; Bando, Toshikazu; Sugiyama, Hiroshi (May 2018). "Sequence-specific DNA binding Pyrrole-imidazole polyamides ...
3-dicarbonylated pyrroles can be synthesized by a version of the Hantzsch Pyrrole Synthesis. These pyrroles are particularly ... Alternative methods for synthesizing pyrroles exist, such as the Knorr Pyrrole Synthesis and Paal-Knorr Synthesis. Below is one ... Pyrroles are found in a variety of natural products with biological activity, so the synthesis of substituted pyrroles has ... The Hantzsch Pyrrole Synthesis, named for Arthur Rudolf Hantzsch, is the chemical reaction of β-ketoesters (1) with ammonia (or ...
The Knorr pyrrole synthesis is a widely used chemical reaction that synthesizes substituted pyrroles (3). The method involves ... Paine, John B.; Dolphin, David (1985). "Pyrrole chemistry. An improved synthesis of ethyl pyrrole-2-carboxylate esters from ... Knorr's pyrrole can be derivatized in a number of useful manners. One equivalent of sodium hydroxide will saponify the 2-ester ... Hantzsch pyrrole synthesis Paal-Knorr synthesis (CS1 German-language sources (de), CS1 Italian-language sources (it), Use dmy ...
... pyrrole + CO2 (2) pyrrole-2-carboxylate + H2O ⇌ {\displaystyle \rightleftharpoons } pyrrole + HCO3− The enzyme catalyses both ... Pyrrole-2-carboxylate decarboxylase (EC 4.1.1.93) is an enzyme with systematic name pyrrole-2-carboxylate carboxy-lyase. This ... doi:10.1016/s0040-4039(98)00718-7. Pyrrole-2-carboxylate+decarboxylase at the US National Library of Medicine Medical Subject ... Wieser M, Fujii N, Yoshida T, Nagasawa T (October 1998). "Carbon dioxide fixation by reversible pyrrole-2-carboxylate ...
... (EC 1.14.13.130, pyrrole-2-carboxylate oxygenase) is an enzyme with systematic name pyrrole ... Pyrrole-2-carboxylate+monooxygenase at the US National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) Portal: Biology ( ... Becker D, Schräder T, Andreesen JR (November 1997). "Two-component flavin-dependent pyrrole-2-carboxylate monooxygenase from ... H2O Pyrrole-2-carboxylate monooxygenase is a flavoprotein (FAD). Hormann K, Andreesen JR (March 1994). "Purification and ...
... is an organic compound with the formula HNC4H3CO2H. It is one of two monocarboxylic acids of pyrrole ... It also arises by carboxylation of pyrrole. The ethyl ester of this acid is readily prepared from pyrrole. Thomas, Michael G.; ... doi:10.1016/S1381-1177(00)00038-2. Denis M. Bailey, Robert E. Johnson, and Noel F. Albertson (1971). "Ethyl Pyrrole-2- ... Wieser, Marco; Yoshida, Toyokazu; Nagasawa, Toru (2001). "Carbon dioxide fixation by reversible pyrrole-2-carboxylate ...
... is an organic chemical compound with formula C6H9O2N, or (HOCH2)2(C4H3N). Its molecule can be ... The compound can be synthesized by formylation of pyrrole followed by reduction of the resulting pyrrolecarboxaldehyde. ... pyrrole and tripyrrane derivatives". Tetrahedron. 57 (11): 2103-2108. doi:10.1016/S0040-4020(01)00059-X. (Chemical pages ... described as that of pyrrole C4H5N with hydroxymethyl groups HO−CH2− replacing the two hydrogen atoms adjacent to the nitrogen ...
Walsh, Christopher T.; Garneau-Tsodikova, Sylvie; Howard-Jones, Annaleise R. (2006). "Biological formation of pyrroles: ... This contains two pyrrole rings built from proline and serine as shown in the blue-shaded pathway in Figure 1. The aldehyde is ... subsequently condensed with a third pyrrole to form prodigiosin (compound 16 in Figure 1), which is then further elaborated to ...
Under acid catalysis, pyrrole and ketones R−(C=O)−R' or aldehydes R−(C=O)−H condense to give many oligomers, including the ... Alternatively, pyrrole with sidechains substituted at carbons 3 and 4 (those not adjacent to the nitrogen) can be condensed ... Porphyrins differ from porphyrinogens by having the four pyrrole rings linked by methine bridges =CH− instead of methylene ... Meso-substituted porphyrinogens with eight non-hydrogen side chains are also called calix[4]pyrroles. These products resist ...
Pyrrole can be prepared industrially by reacting furan and ammonia in the presence of solid acid catalysts, such as SiO2 and ... "Pyrrole". Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry. Weinheim: Wiley-VCH. doi:10.1002/14356007.a22_453. Anese, M.; ...
Reaction of pyrroles with dichlorocarbene". Journal of the Chemical Society C: Organic (18): 2249. doi:10.1039/J39690002249. ... The Ciamician-Dennstedt rearrangement entails the ring-expansion of pyrrole with dichlorocarbene to 3-chloropyridine. In the ...
1, p. 245 Paine, John B.; Dolphin, David (1985-12-01). "Pyrrole chemistry. An improved synthesis of ethyl pyrrole-2-carboxylate ... 4-diketones to boiling acetic acid to afford in maximal yield variously substituted ethyl pyrrole-2-carboxylates of interest ...
Ciamician-Dennstedt rearrangement Ciamician, G.; Dennestedt, M. (1881). Ciamician synthesis of pyridines from pyrroles. Chem. ...
Cyr, D. J.; Arndtsen, B. A., A New Use of Wittig-type Reagents as 1,3-Dipolar Cycloaddition Precursors and in Pyrrole Synthesis ... doi:10.1021/ol4035512) Organic Chemistry Portal pyrrole synthesis abstract: "A New Use of Wittig-Type Reagents as 1,3-Dipolar ... Multicomponent Synthesis of Pyrrole-Based pi-Conjugated Polymers from Imines, Acid Chlorides, and Alkynes. J. Am. Chem. Soc. ... and pyrroles. The latter heterocyclic products were obtained by multi-component reactions involving in situ-generation of ...
"Paal-Knorr Pyrrole Synthesis", Comprehensive Organic Name Reactions and Reagents, Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., pp ... Lamellarins are a group of pyrrole alkaloids first isolated in 1985 from the marine mollusk Lamellaria in the waters of Palau. ... Pyrrole Bailly, Christian; Newman, David J. (2015). Written at Pierre Fabre Research Institute. "Download Limit Exceeded". ... They are divided into two groups, depending on whether the pyrrole ring is fused or unfused. The lamellarins have been ...
The Barton-Zard reaction is a route to pyrrole derivatives via the reaction of a nitroalkene with an α-isocyanoacetate under ... pp.43-4 Barton, Derek H. R.; Zard, Samir Z. (1985). "A new synthesis of pyrroles from nitroalkenes". Journal of the Chemical ... Ono, Noboru (2008). "Barton-Zard Pyrrole Synthesis and Its Application to Synthesis of Porphyrins, Polypyrroles, and ... An extension of the barton-zard pyrrole condensation". Tetrahedron Letters. 35 (16): 2493-2494. doi:10.1016/S0040-4039(00)77152 ...
Whereas the pyrrole molecule is planar, the arsole molecule is not, and the hydrogen atom bonded to arsenic extends out of the ... Pyrrole, a nitrogen analog. Furan, an oxygen analog. Thiophene, a sulfur analog. Simple aromatic rings Varsol, a petroleum ... It is classified as a metallole and is isoelectronic to and related to pyrrole except that an arsenic atom is substituted for ... The planarity is lost even in pyrrole when its nitrogen-bonded hydrogen atom is substituted, e.g., with fluorine. However, the ...
Diaz, A. F.; Kanazawa, K. Keiji; Gardini, Gian Piero (1979). "Electrochemical polymerization of pyrrole". Journal of the ...
ISBN 978-1-4398-1382-9. {{cite book}}: ,first1= has generic name (help) A., Gossauer (1974). Die Chemie der Pyrrole. Berlin, ...
... no 13C incorporation was observed in the pyrrole ring of PBP. In 2004, a follow-up study described the PBP pyrrole ring as ... Of more than 20 classified pyrrole antibiotics, PBP is the most active member in its class, and demonstrates a high in vitro ... 2. The Pyrrole Ring". Bioscience, Biotechnology, and Biochemistry. 69 (3): 628-630. doi:10.1271/bbb.69.628. PMID 15784994. ... PBP was first isolated and reported in 1966, when Burkholder and colleagues identified an unusual, highly brominated pyrrole ...
It is made by condensation of pyrrole with acetone. The pyrrolic N-H centers of ctamethylporphyrinogen can be deprotonated, and ... Baeyer, Adolf (1886). "Ueber ein Condensationsproduct von Pyrrol mit Aceton". Berichte der Deutschen Chemischen Gesellschaft. ... pyrroles". Journal of the American Chemical Society. 118 (49): 12471-12472. doi:10.1021/ja9632217. Bachmann, Julien; Hodgkiss, ... meso-octamethyl indicates that the eight methyl groups are located on the carbon centers that interconnect the four pyrrole ...
"Zur Kenntnis der Pyrrole, 4. Mitteilung: Über Pyrrol-aldehyde (II.) und über Pyrrol-nitrile," Berichte der deutschen chemischen ... "Zur Kenntnis der Pyrrole, 1. Mitteilung: Über Pyrrol-aldehyde", Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft, Volume 55, ... "Zur Kenntnis der Pyrrole, 3. Mitteilung: Über Ketone, Ketonsäure-ester und Ketonsäure-nitrile substituierter Pyrrole," Berichte ... Issue 6, pages 1942-1949, 1922, doi:10.1002/cber.19220550645 Hans Fischer, Werner Zerweck, "Zur Kenntnis der Pyrrole, 2. ...
... who reported the formation of pyrrole blacks from pyrrole magnesium bromide. Since then pyrrole oxidation reaction has been ... Chemical oxidation of pyrrole: n C4H4NH + 2n FeCl3 → (C4H2NH)n + 2n FeCl2 + 2n HCl The process is thought to occur via the ... Polypyrrole (PPy) is an organic polymer obtained by oxidative polymerization of pyrrole. It is a solid with the formula H( ... This electrophile attacks the C-2 carbon of an unoxidized molecule of pyrrole to give a dimeric cation [(C4H4NH)2]++. The ...
p. 437-8. ISBN 0-7167-3539-3. "Aromatic Heterocycles- Pyridine and Pyrrole". Chemistry Libre Texts. 3 May 2015. p. 15.5. ...
PigB oxidises the resulting ring using oxygen and FAD+, yielding the pyrrole. Finally, the two pieces are combined by pigC and ... The biosynthesis of prodigiosin and related analogs, the prodiginines involves the convergent coupling of three pyrrole type ... Walsh, Christopher T.; Garneau-Tsodikova, Sylvie; Howard-Jones, Annaleise R. (2006). "Biological formation of pyrroles: ... as the coenzyme to yield pyrrole ring A. In the first step, proline is attached to a peptidyl carrier protein (PCP) called pigG ...
... pyrroles". Journal of the American Chemical Society. 120 (8). doi:10.1021/ja973656+. C., Vollhardt, K. Peter (2018-01-29). ...
The asymmetric hydrogenation of 2,3,5-substituted N-Boc pyrroles Unprotected 2,5-pyrroles may also be hydrogenated ... Such an analysis led to the development of a ruthenium(I)/phosphine/amine base system for 2,3,5-substituted N-Boc pyrroles that ... The asymmetric hydrogenation of 2,3,5-substituted pyrroles was achieved by the recognition that such substrates bear the same ... Achieving complete conversion of pyrroles to pyrrolidines by asymmetric hydrogenation has so far proven difficult, with partial ...
Jackson, A. H.; Smith, K. M. (1973). "The Total Synthesis of Pyrrole Pigments". In Apsimon, John (ed.). Total Synthesis of ...
Hantzsch pyrrole synthesis Bechara, William S.; Charette, André B.; Na, Risong; Wang, Wenliang; Zheng, Chao (2020). "Diethyl 1, ...
... Molecular Formula: C12H12N2O2 ...
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The reaction is applicable to both indole and pyrrole substrates, and a variety of substituents are tolerated. The entire ... Catalyst-free facile synthesis of polycyclic indole/pyrrole substituted-1,2,3-triazoles J. Gour, S. Gatadi, R. Akunuri, M. V. ... The reaction is applicable to both indole and pyrrole substrates, and a variety of substituents are tolerated. The entire ... This methodology provides a sustainable and efficient access to a variety of novel polycyclic indole/pyrrole substituted-1,2,3- ...
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ta[c]pyrrol-3a(1H)-. ylmethyl]ethandiamid [German] [ACD/IUPAC Name] N-(4-Chloro-3-fluor. ophenyl)-N-[(3aS,6. aS)- ... enta[c]pyrrol-3a(1H. )-ylmethyl]ethanedi. amide [ACD/IUPAC Name] N-(4-Chloro-3-fluor. ophényl)-N-[(3aS,6. aS)-hexahydrocyclop ... a[c]pyrrol-3a(1H)-ylmethyl]eth. anediamide *Molecular FormulaC16H19ClFN3O2 ... enta[c]pyrrol-3a(1H. )-ylméthyl]éthanedi. amide [French] [ACD/IUPAC Name] ...
... furans/pyrroles. Water is the only byproduct in the atom economic, selective synthesis of 1,4-diynes and pyrroles, whereas the ... Atom-Economical Chemoselective Synthesis of 1,4-Diynes and Polysubstituted Furans/Pyrroles from Propargyl Alcohols and Terminal ...
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... Molecular Formula: C23H20Cl3N3O3 ... 3-[[3-(azepane-1-carbonyl)phenyl]amino]-4-chloro-1-(3,5-dichlorophenyl)pyrrole-2,5-dione ...
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The pyrrole dimer is used as a model for microsolvation, where a new decay pathway opens, relating to relaxation into ... The role of πσ* states in the ultrafast non-radiative dynamics of pyrrole, aniline and phenol. Doctoral thesis , UCL ( ... Chapter 3 examines the UV relaxation dynamics of pyrrole, where the lowest excited singlet state is of πσ* character. We ... The role of πσ* states in the ultrafast non-radiative dynamics of pyrrole, aniline and phenol ...
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Deproto-metallation of N-arylated pyrroles and indoles using a mixed lithium-zinc base and regioselectivity-computed CH acidity ... Deproto-metallation of N-arylated pyrroles and indoles using a mixed lithium-zinc base and regioselectivity-computed CH acidity ...
In addition to the X-ray analysis, the NMR spectra indicated that dihydropyrrolo[3,2-b]pyrrole was a typical heteroaromatic ... Publications] S. Tanaka; T. Kumagai; T. Mukai; T. Kobayashi: 1,4-Dihydropyrrolo[3,2-b]pyrrole: The Electronic Structure ... Heteroaromaticity / Pyrrole / Electron-Donating Ability / Ionization Potential / Conductive Polymer Firm / Heterocyclic ... Physical and chemical properties of 1,4-dihydropyrrolo[3,2-b]pyrroles synthesized in this project were systematically ...
5-nitro-1H-pyrrole-2-carboxylic acid ethyl ester. An open source of chemical information available to the public online since ... Home >> Chemical Listing >> D >> 1-(2,2-Diethoxyethyl)-5-nitro-1H-pyrrole-2-carboxylic acid ethyl ester ... 1-(2,2-Diethoxyethyl)-5-nitro-1H-pyrrole-2-carboxylic acid ethyl ester [1105187-49-2] ... List of Reports Available for 1-(2,2-Diethoxyethyl)-5-nitro-1H-pyrrole-2-carboxylic acid ethyl ester ...
1H-PYRROL-2-YL)BENZO[CD]INDOL-2(1H)-ONE: Overview ... 5-[(2-AMINOETHYL)AMINO]-6-FLUORO-3-(1H-PYRROL-2-YL)BENZO[CD] ... Pyrrole / Secondary aliphatic/aromatic amine / Secondary amine / Secondary carboxylic acid amide / Substituted pyrrole. ... Naphthalenes / Indoles and derivatives / Secondary alkylarylamines / Substituted pyrroles / Aryl fluorides / Heteroaromatic ... 5-[(2-AMINOETHYL)AMINO]-6-FLUORO-3-(1H-PYRROL-2-YL)BENZO[CD]INDOL-2(1H)-ONE. DrugBank Accession Number. DB07163. Background. ...
Formation of lysyl-pyrrole cross-links (Homo sapiens) * Collagen type I fibrils with lysyl-pyrrole cross-links [extracellular ... Collagen type I fibrils with lysyl-pyrrole cross-links [extracellular region] Stable Identifier ... Collagen type I fibril with lysyl-pyrrole cross-links [extracellular region] (Homo sapiens) ... Collagen type I fibrils with lysyl-pyrrole cross-links [extracellular region] (Bos taurus) ...
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A facile three-step synthesis of 2-(2-aminophenyl)pyrrole (1) and 2-(2- aminomethylphenyl)pyrrole (2) is reported by use of ... pyrrole derivatives}, keyword = {synthesis of aminoarylpyrroles, Suzuki-Miyaura coupling, 2-(o-substituted aryl)pyrroles, Pd- ... pyrrole derivatives}, keyword = {synthesis of aminoarylpyrroles, Suzuki-Miyaura coupling, 2-(o-substituted aryl)pyrroles, Pd- ... Optimization of the Suzuki coupling reaction in the synthesis of 2-[(2-substituted)phenyl]pyrrole derivatives // Journal of ...
1H-pyrrole-2-carboxylate from AK Scientific, in San Francisco, California ... methyl 1-{[3-(2-methylphenyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazol-5-yl]methyl}-1H-pyrrole-2-carboxylate. , >90%. Add to Favorites ... 1H-pyrrole-2-carboxylic acid, 1-[[3-(2-methylphenyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazol-5-yl]methyl]-, methyl ester. ...
Pyrrol-2-methylketone. Description. 2-acetylpyrrole, also known as 1-(1h-pyrrol-2-yl)1-ethanone or 2-pyrrolyl methyl ketone, is ... Pyrrol-2-methylketone, non-derivatized, Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - 70eV, Positive. Not Available. Spectrum. ... Pyrrol-2-methylketone, non-derivatized, Predicted GC-MS Spectrum - 70eV, Positive. splash10-0006-9100000000- ...
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Chemicals and Drugs [D] » Heterocyclic Compounds [D03] » Heterocyclic Compounds, 1-Ring » Azoles » Pyrroles ...
Tag: New Family of High-Density Energetic Materials based on Pyrrole: Synthesis and Exploration of Energetic Properties.. ...
... WU Mei-Fen, WEN Zhao-Yin, LIU ... 15) Wu, M. F.;Wen, Z. Y.; Liu, Y.; Huang, L. Z. Morphology and electrochemical behavior of Li metal behavior with pyrrole ... Effects of Tetrahydrofuran Pretreatment on the Performance of Pyrrole Modified Li Metal Electrode[J].Acta Phys. -Chim. Sin., ... Channel of Electronic Interactions in Diferrocenyl Pyrrole Derivatives [J]. Acta Phys. -Chim. Sin., 2015, 31(2): 227-236. ...
Dipyrrolyldiketone BF2 complexes with amide units at pyrrole α-positions were synthesized in modest yields and showed extremely ... Conjunction of Pyrrole and Amide Moieties: Highly Anion-Responsive π-Electronic Molecules Forming Ion-Free and Ion-Pairing ... Dipyrrolyldiketone BF2 complexes with amide units at pyrrole α-positions were synthesized in modest yields and showed extremely ... A good reception: Dipyrrolyldiketone BF2 complexes with amide units at pyrrole α-positions were synthesized and showed ...
  • Water is the only byproduct in the atom economic, selective synthesis of 1,4-diynes and pyrroles, whereas the synthesis of furans is fully atom economic. (organic-chemistry.org)
  • A facile three-step synthesis of 2-(2-aminophenyl)pyrrole (1) and 2-(2- aminomethylphenyl)pyrrole (2) is reported by use of Suzuki coupling of N-Boc-pyrrol-2-yl boronic acid (3) and o-substituted aryl halogenides, followed by hydrogenation. (irb.hr)
  • Alešković, M., Basarić, N. & Mlinarić-Majerski, K. (2011) Optimization of the Suzuki coupling reaction in the synthesis of 2-[(2-substituted)phenyl]pyrrole derivatives. (irb.hr)
  • New Family of High-Density Energetic Materials based on Pyrrole: Synthesis and Exploration of Energetic Properties. (uohyd.ac.in)
  • The facile Copper-catalyzed synthesis of polysubstituted pyrroles from aldehydes, amines and β-nitroalkenesis reported. (sussex.ac.uk)
  • Pyrroles are normally produced in small numbers as a byproduct of hemoglobin synthesis and excreted in the urine. (drnicoladucharme.com)
  • A facile synthesis of substituted pyrroles over montmorrilonite KSF clay has been accomplished in excellent yield. (heterocycles.jp)
  • 76. Practical Synthesis of Ethyl 3-Fluoro-1-Pyrrole-2 Carboxylate: a Key Fragment of a potent drug candidate against Hepatitis B virus. (insa-rouen.fr)
  • Congratulations to Suchand, Samrat Sahu, and Shuvendu for publishing their paper on Cp*Co(III)-Catalyzed Dehydrative C2-Prenylation of Pyrrole and Indole with Allyl Alcohols in Advance Synthesis and Catalysis! (msmlabiitkgp.com)
  • 2-acetylpyrrole, also known as 1-(1h-pyrrol-2-yl)1-ethanone or 2-pyrrolyl methyl ketone, is a member of the class of compounds known as aryl alkyl ketones. (foodb.ca)
  • Remarkably, the use of α-methyl substituted aldehydes provide efficient access to a series of tetra- and pentasubstituted pyrroles via an overwhelming 1,2-phenyl/alkyl migration. (sussex.ac.uk)
  • Manufacturer and Supplier of Intermediates & Side Chains : CIMC Chloride-3-(2-Chlorophenyl)-5-Methyl Pyrrole. (needsinfo.com)
  • The reaction is applicable to both indole and pyrrole substrates, and a variety of substituents are tolerated. (rsc.org)
  • This methodology provides a sustainable and efficient access to a variety of novel polycyclic indole/pyrrole substituted-1,2,3-triazoles. (rsc.org)
  • Based on formal kinetic studies, a possible radical pathway is proposed that involves the formation of an allylic nitrogen radical intermediate, which in turn reacts with the nitroalkene to yield the desired pyrrole framework via a radical 1,2-phenyl or alkyl migration. (sussex.ac.uk)
  • Dipyrrolyldiketone BF2 complexes with amide units at pyrrole α-positions were synthesized in modest yields and showed extremely high anion-binding affinities because of multiple hydrogen-bonding interactions. (researcher-app.com)
  • Examination of anion-binding behavior using 1H NMR spectroscopy combined with theoretical studies suggested fast pyrrole inversions, particularly for the phenyl-amide-substituted derivative. (researcher-app.com)
  • A good reception: Dipyrrolyldiketone BF2 complexes with amide units at pyrrole α-positions were synthesized and showed extremely high anion-binding affinities through multiple hydrogen bonding (see figure). (researcher-app.com)
  • K. Murase: 'Electropolymerization of N,N-Dimethyl-Pyrrolo[3,2-b]pyrrole: New Heteroaromatic Polymer. (nii.ac.jp)
  • Clariant is the only pigment producer to offer high-performance Diketopyrrolo Pyrrole (DPP) pigments, such as Pigment Red 254 and other red, pink and violet shades, based on renewable raw materials. (coatingsworld.com)
  • Under different conditions, the reaction of propargyl alcohols and terminal alkynes leads to the selective formation of 1,4-diynes and polysubstituted furans/pyrroles. (organic-chemistry.org)
  • T. Mukai: 'Acid-Induced Rearrangements of 2,8-Diazabicyclo[3.2.1]octa-3,6-dienes leading to 1,4-Dihydropyridine and Pyrrole Derivatives. (nii.ac.jp)
  • Reseach of New Heterocycles: Pyrrolo-pyrrole and Azapentalene. (nii.ac.jp)
  • Order Golden Open Acrylic Colors Pyrrole Orange 8 Oz. Jar (7276-5) today at Quill.com and get fast shipping. (quill.com)
  • it feels slightly chaotic with the black swirl fighting with the Pyrrole Orange and green in the lower right corner. (jennynewman.org)
  • otherwise I mix Indanthrone, Transparent Pyrrol Orange, and Quinacridone Burnt Orange. (doodlewash.com)
  • Cholesterol oxidase has been immobilized in conducting copolymers of thiophene-3-yl acetic acid cholesteryl ester with pyrrole (CM/PPy) and polypyrrole (PPy) via electropolymerization. (metu.edu.tr)
  • Physical and chemical properties of 1,4-dihydropyrrolo[3,2-b]pyrroles synthesized in this project were systematically investigated. (nii.ac.jp)
  • T. Kumagai: 'Electrochemical Studies of Fused-Pyrrole System. (nii.ac.jp)
  • Anion-binding behavior examined by 1H NMR spectroscopy along with theoretical studies suggested rapid pyrrole inversions in solution state. (researcher-app.com)
  • This was a pyrrole ring similar to many such produced in the human body each with their own unique variation in composition, some of which are used in the production of heme which is a porphyrin used to carry iron in haemoglobin. (biochemicalhealth.org)
  • In 1975 Irvine had already announced that with further technical improvements it had been established that 'kryptopyrrole' was the wrong identification for the Mauve factor, and that it was instead the similar pyrrole most commonly known today as Hydroxyhemopyrrolin-2-one or HPL. (biochemicalhealth.org)
  • The present methodology is also accessible to non α-substituted aldehydes yielding the corresponding trisubstituted pyrroles. (sussex.ac.uk)
  • Chapter 3 examines the UV relaxation dynamics of pyrrole, where the lowest excited singlet state is of πσ* character. (ucl.ac.uk)
  • Includes: Titanium White Hansa Yellow Medium Yellow Oxide Pyrrole Red Quinacridone Magenta Ultramarine Blue Phthalo Blue Phthalo Green Burnt Sienna and Carbon Black. (jerrysartarama.com)
  • Dithieno[3,2-b:2′,3′-d]pyrrole (DTP) derivatives are one of the most important organic photovoltaic materials due to better π-conjugation across fused thiophene rings. (syr.edu)
  • Pyrrole, furan and thiophene undergo electrophilic substitution reactions like nitration, sulphonation, halogenation etc. characteristic of aromatic rings. (chemzipper.com)
  • Graft copolymers of poly(vinyl alcohol) with thiophene side-groups and pyrrole were synthesized by electrochemical polymerization methods. (itu.edu.tr)
  • Organic heterocyclic compounds that consist of a thiophene ring fused to a pyrrole ring. (fishersci.com)
  • Quinoidal heterocyclic (thiophene, pyrrole, furan, etc .) molecules have the characteristics of rigid backbone, low highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO)/lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) level, narrow band gap and high molar extinction coefficient, and so on. (sioc-journal.cn)
  • In this work, two new hole transport materials (HTMs), H16 and H18, have been obtained through a facile synthetic route by cross linking triarylamine-based donor groups with a 4-(4-methoxyphenyl)-4H-dithieno[3,2-b:2′,3′-d]pyrrole (MPDTP) and N-(4-(4H-dithieno[3,2 b:2′,3′-d]pyrrol-4-yl)phenyl)-4-methoxy-N-(4-methoxyphenyl)aniline (TPDTP) unit, respectively. (syr.edu)
  • Microwave-assisted reactions are also covered to understand green chemistry aspects of pyrrole and its derivatives. (eurekaselect.com)
  • Therefore, pyridine is a stronger base than Pyrrole . (philosophy-question.com)
  • Why is pyrrole more reactive than pyridine? (philosophy-question.com)
  • Pyrrole is more reactive than pyridine for electrophilic substitution reactions because of the stability of the protonated pyrrole intermediate. (philosophy-question.com)
  • Pyridine is more stable in its unreacted state compare to pyrrole due to its aromatic nature. (philosophy-question.com)
  • Which is a stronger base pyridine or pyrrole? (philosophy-question.com)
  • Thus, pyridine is a stronger base than pyrrole . (philosophy-question.com)
  • We have recorded the O-atom velocity map photofragment ion images resulting from the photodissociation of O2-pyrrole and O2-pyridine clusters near 226 nm. (elsevier.com)
  • Both O2-pyrrole and O2-pyridine also show a low kinetic energy process that appears to be isotropic in nature. (elsevier.com)
  • Parsons, BF & Szpunar, DE 2020, ' Investigation of O 2 -X (X = Pyrrole or Pyridine) Cluster Photodissociation near 226 nm ', Journal of Physical Chemistry A , vol. 124, no. 49, pp. 10152-10161. (elsevier.com)
  • Pyrrole is a five membered ring with one nitrogen and two carbon-carbon double bonds. (enotes.com)
  • Pyrrole is one of the main five membered heterocyclic systems reported for its various chemotherapeutic activities. (eurekaselect.com)
  • In case of Pyrrole the lone pair electrons of the nitrogen atom is involved in conjugated system of pi electrons of five membered ring leading to greater stability of the molecule due to acquiring aromatic character. (philosophy-question.com)
  • Pyrrole is a heterocyclic aromatic organic compound, a five-membered ring with the formula C4H4NH. (philosophy-question.com)
  • Pyrrole is a five-membered aromatic heterocyclic ring with nitrogen as the heteroatom. (writix.co.uk)
  • Transparent Pyrrole Orange has been demonstrated to have excellent stability and lightfastness in automotive applications. (dickblick.com)
  • Different types of corroles and porphyrins are synthesized from substituted aldehydes and pyrrole. (ias.ac.in)
  • By varying the amounts of reactants (i.e., pyrrole and aldehydes), the corrole and porphyrins were obtained ingood to excellent yields. (ias.ac.in)
  • abstract = "pi-Conjugated microporous networks have been prepared from the tetraarylated diketopyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole unit as a tetrafunctional building block. (strath.ac.uk)
  • Our Scarlet Pyrrol is a vivid fiery orange with incredible strength. (mgraham.com)
  • The wild-type showed clorobiocin as the main product, whereas the cloN2 mutant accumulated a new aminocoumarin derivative, novclobiocin 104, lacking the pyrrole moiety at the 3-OH of the deoxysugar. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • These results prove an involvement of cloN2 in the formation of the ester bond between the pyrrole moiety and the deoxysugar in clorobiocin biosynthesis. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • Furthermore, they indicate that the C -methylation at position 5 of the pyrrole moiety occurs after the attachment of pyrrole-2-carboxylic acid unit to the deoxysugar moiety. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • Pyrrole moiety is involved in the structure of many classes of drugs as well as natural active constituents such as: alkaloids. (writix.co.uk)
  • Several strategies of modification were followed: varying substituents on the pyrrole carboxamide moiety, alteration of the central scaffold, including variation of substitution position and, most importantly, modification of the oxalyl moiety. (jic.ac.uk)
  • Desulfurization of the pyrrole thiolesters was investigated, and the column reaction was introduced to improve the yield of the products. (mun.ca)
  • A new co-polymer based on fragments of 2-(2-pyridyl)monoazatriphenylene and 2,5-bis (2-ethylhexyl)-3,6-di(thiophen-2-yl)pyrrolo[3,4- c ]pyrrole-1,4(2 H ,5 H )-dione was prepared by using the Sonogashira reaction. (urfu.ru)
  • Reaction of N-(2′-hydroxyphenyl)pyrrole-2-aldimine (H 2 L) with [M(PPh 3 ) 3 Cl] (M = Rh, Ir) affords complexes of type [M(PPh 3 ) 2 (L)Cl]. (ias.ac.in)
  • Early studies have shown that as long as the pyrrole bears an electron withdrawing group on the 2-position the reaction sequence is highly tolerant of substitution. (ukri.org)
  • We recently reported that eight-ring hairpin-polyamides containing 3-hydroxypyrrole (Hp), imidazole (Im), and pyrrole (Py) amino acids form four-ring pairings (Im/Py, Py/Im, Hp/Py, and Py/Hp) which distinguish the four Watson-Crick base pairs in the minor groove of DNA. (caltech.edu)
  • Pyrrole-imidazole polyamides are ligands that bind in the minor groove of DNA with high affinity and sequence selectivity. (scripps.edu)
  • A set of eight-ring hairpin-motif pyrrole-imidazole polyamides has been designed to bind within the binding site for the human cytomegalovirus (CMV) UL122 immediate early protein 2 (IE86). (scripps.edu)
  • A mismatch polyamide, containing a single imidazole to pyrrole substitution, and also a polyamide binding to a site located 14 base pairs upstream of the repressor binding site, do not prevent IE86 binding to the crs. (scripps.edu)
  • These results demonstrate that this new class of small molecules, the pyrrole-imidazole polyamides, are not only effective inhibitors of basal and activated transcription, but also can be used to activate transcription by blocking the DNA-binding activity of a repressor protein. (scripps.edu)
  • 3. Nuclear Localization and Gene Expression Modulation by a Fluorescent Sequence-Selective p-Anisyl-benzimidazolecarboxamido Imidazole-Pyrrole Polyamide. (nih.gov)
  • 6. Binding of f-PIP, a pyrrole- and imidazole-containing triamide, to the inverted CCAAT box-2 of the topoisomerase IIalpha promoter and modulation of gene expression in cells. (nih.gov)
  • 11. Targeting the ICB2 site of the topoisomerase IIalpha promoter with a formamido-pyrrole-imidazole-pyrrole H-pin polyamide. (nih.gov)
  • Pyrrole-imidazole polyamide-mediated silencing of KCNQ1OT1 expression induces cell death in Wilms' tumor cells. (cdc.gov)
  • Why is pyrrole aromatic in nature? (philosophy-question.com)
  • Pyrrole is considered an aromatic heterocycle as it satisfies Huckel's rule (4n+2) with two pi bonds in the conjugated system representing 4 electrons and one lone pair of electrons on nitrogen atom to give a total of 6 pi electrons. (writix.co.uk)
  • Pyrrole is more activated towards electrophilic aromatic substitution than benzene because the lone pair of electrons on nitrogen atom provides electron density to the ring by resonance which stabilizes the formed sigma complex intermediate more effectively. (writix.co.uk)
  • 2. Furan as raw material, react with ammonia in the catalyst at 400℃ can obtain tetrahydro pyrrole. (hotelpentagone.com)
  • Furan is not as reactive as pyrrole in electrophilic substitution reactions because the oxygen in furan is more electronegative than nitrogen in pyrrole and therefore does not enhance the electron density of carbons as much as pyrrole. (chemzipper.com)
  • Pyrrole Disorder webinar: Part 1. (vitamedicine.com.au)
  • Pyrrole disorder is a complex disorder with numerous signs and symptoms. (vitamedicine.com.au)
  • Although Pyrrole Disorder is not a new health condition, there has been a large influx of information and misinformation in recent years leading to confusion of the signs, symptoms, and treatment. (vitamedicine.com.au)
  • Pyrrole disorder can be described as a complex disorder. (vitamedicine.com.au)
  • The causes of pyrrole disorder are not completely understood. (vitamedicine.com.au)
  • There has been an influx of people with potential pyrrole disorder in clinic in the last year or so, especially since the website post last year. (vitamedicine.com.au)
  • Pyrrole is a colourless liquid that darkens on exposure to air with agreeable empyreumatic odour that resembles that of chloroform. (writix.co.uk)
  • Pyrrole Red is considered to have excellent lightfastness among organic pigments in its class. (dickblick.com)
  • Both β-hydroxymethyl pyrroles and β-chloromethyl pyrroles are easily converted to β, β¹-dipyrromethanes in acidic medium. (mun.ca)
  • The syntheses of copolymers Of PVATh and pyrrole were achieved electrochemically by using three different supporting electrolytes, p-toluene sulfonic acid (PTSA), sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and tetrabutylammonium tetrafluoroborate (TBAFB). (itu.edu.tr)
  • Subsequent electropolymerization with pyrrole through these moities yielded free standing films of the corresponding block and graft copolymers. (metu.edu.tr)
  • The authors conclude that it is currently unclear whether pyrrolylation is sufficient to induce gamma-diketone neuropathy, or if secondary pyrrole autoxidation is also necessary. (cdc.gov)
  • 1D 1H NMR spectra of stable time point samples from the autoxidation of dicatechol pyrrole lysine confirm two successive products. (nih.gov)
  • Enamino acids derived from 1,2-dimethylaminomethylene- or 1,2-hydroxymethylene-carbonyl compounds and amino acids undergo a decarboxylative cyclisation to pyrroles, isoindoles and other fused pyrroles. (hud.ac.uk)
  • Aqueous solutions containing pyrrole and calix-6-arenehexasulfonic acid were found to undergo polymerization in the absence of either a chemical oxidant or electrochemical oxidation. (edu.au)
  • A variety of N-butenyl substituted pyrroles have been found to undergo an extraordinary photocycloaddition/rearrangement sequence to give tricyclic fused aziridines of high molecular complexity. (ukri.org)
  • A new triazole-strapped calix[4]pyrrole synthesised via 'click' chemistry shows high affinity for chloride and lipid bilayer chloride transport properties. (kent.ac.uk)
  • In both complexes, the N-(2′-hydroxyphenyl)pyrrole-2-aldimine ligand is coordinated to the metal centre, via dissociation of the acidic protons, as a dianionic tridentate N,N,O-donor. (ias.ac.in)
  • 2,5-Bis(2-octyldodecyl)pyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole-1,4-(2H,5H)-dione-based donor-acceptor alternating copolymer bearing 5,5′-di(thiophen-2-yl)-2,2′-biselenophene exhibiting 1.5 cm2·V-1·s-1 hole mobility in thin-film transistors. (urfu.ru)
  • π-Conjugated pol-ymers derived from 2,5-bis(2-decyltetradecyl)-3,6-di(selenophen-2-yl)pyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole-1,4(2H,5H)-dione for high-performance thin film transistors. (urfu.ru)
  • Member of the pyrrolo-pyrrole group of NSAIDs. (medscape.com)
  • Finally, a number of unexpected results obtained during these studies employing intramolecular conjugate additions of pyrroles to construct the bicyclic or tetracyclic architecture of these Stemona alkaloids, were investigated and rationalised by employing experiment and density functional theory. (edu.au)
  • Pyrrole ring system is involved in some naturally occurring phyto-compounds such as alkaloids and in some coloured natural products as chlorophyll as well as the heme part of haemoglobin and bile pigments. (writix.co.uk)
  • Secondary alcohols react with 2-amino alcohols in the presence of benzophenone to yield alkyl or aryl-substituted pyrroles via oxidation of secondary alcohols to ketones then condensation with 2-amino alcohols and cyclization to the target pyrrole ring. (writix.co.uk)
  • This position was suggestive because its main chain carbonyl is within hydrogen-bonding distance to pyrrole ring nitrogens of the biliverdin chromophore, thus potentially functioning as a crucial transient proton sink during photoconversion. (rcsb.org)
  • The 5H part of the name means that the nitrogen atom in the pyrrole ring has a hydrogen attached to it. (enotes.com)
  • Pyrrole Red, used as an automotive paint and as a colorant in plastics, was developed as one of a range of pigments to replace lead based pigments. (dickblick.com)
  • cas 123-75-1 Pyrrolidine liquid Tetrahydro pyrrole best price safe delivery. (hotelpentagone.com)
  • Conductivity of Poly(pyrrole)-Poly(styrene sulfonate) Core-Shell Nanoparticles. (mpg.de)
  • Condensation of 1,4-dicarbonyl compounds in the presence of excess ammonia or amines yields pyrrole or N-substituted pyrroles. (writix.co.uk)
  • Condensation of carboxylic acid with 2,4,4-trimethoxybutan-1-amine then acid-catalyzed cyclization of the product yields N-acyl substituted pyrroles. (writix.co.uk)
  • A two atom ring expansion occurs preferentially with enamino acids from cyclohexane-1,3-diones and α-alkyl-α-amino acids leading to oxocino[2,3-c]pyrroles. (hud.ac.uk)
  • Pyrrole is sp2-hybridized with each carbon atom having a p orbital with one electron and the heteroatom (nitrogen) has a p orbital with two electrons. (writix.co.uk)
  • The corrin ring has 4 pyrroles, which bind to the cobalt atom. (medscape.com)
  • The attack of an electrophile on pyrrole, for example, will lead to formation of 2- and 3-substitution products by way of carbocations (1) and (2) respectively.The substitution occurs preferably at C-2 position because the intermediate obtained by attack at this position is more stable than the intermediate obtained by attack at C-3. (chemzipper.com)
  • New $\beta$-linked pyrrole monomers: approaches to highly stable and conductive electrochromic polymers. (mit.edu)
  • Pyrrole is almost insoluble in water as it makes intermolecular hydrogen bonding between its own molecules. (writix.co.uk)
  • Pyrrole Red is opaque and has strong covering power. (dickblick.com)
  • In 1975 Irvine had already announced that with further technical improvements it had been established that 'kryptopyrrole' was the wrong identification for the Mauve factor, and that it was instead the similar pyrrole most commonly known today as Hydroxyhemopyrrolin-2-one or HPL. (biochemicalhealth.org)
  • Dynamics simulations based on surface hopping and ADC(2) reveal that pyrrole internal conversion to the ground state occurs not only through H-elimination path, but also through ring-distortion paths, which have been systematically neglected by diverse experimental setups. (archives-ouvertes.fr)
  • Pyrrole moieties were incorporated at the chain ends of polytetrahydrofuran and polysiloxane and at the side chains of polyethyl vinylether by ionic polymerization and appropriate chemical reactions. (metu.edu.tr)
  • Polypyrrole/PEOLiClO 4 junctions were prepared in situ by the electrochemical polymerization of pyrrole in the polymer electrolyte PEOLiClO 4 . (elsevier.com)
  • Subsequently, pyrroles have been highlighted as the important biologically active scaffolds. (eurekaselect.com)
  • Finally, our ion images for O2-pyrrole show O atoms resulting from a two-photon dissociation channel, which has been previously attributed to the formation and subsequent photodissociation of excited O2 (a 1Îg). (elsevier.com)