Pyrroles. Medical search

Azoles of one NITROGEN and two double bonds that have aromatic chemical properties.

Phenolic metacyclophanes derived from condensation of PHENOLS and ALDEHYDES. The name derives from the vase-like molecular structures. A bracketed [n] indicates the number of aromatic rings.

Polymers where the main polymer chain comprises recurring amide groups. These compounds are generally formed from combinations of diamines, diacids, and amino acids and yield fibers, sheeting, or extruded forms used in textiles, gels, filters, sutures, contact lenses, and other biomaterials.

A group of compounds containing the porphin structure, four pyrrole rings connected by methine bridges in a cyclic configuration to which a variety of side chains are attached. The nature of the side chain is indicated by a prefix, as uroporphyrin, hematoporphyrin, etc. The porphyrins, in combination with iron, form the heme component in biologically significant compounds such as hemoglobin and myoglobin.

The location of the atoms, groups or ions relative to one another in a molecule, as well as the number, type and location of covalent bonds.

Oligopeptide antibiotics from Streptomyces distallicus. Their binding to DNA inhibits synthesis of nucleic acids.

Six-carbon saturated hydrocarbon group of the methane series. Include isomers and derivatives. Various polyneuropathies are caused by hexane poisoning.

A group of ALKALOIDS, characterized by a nitrogen-containing necine, occurring mainly in plants of the BORAGINACEAE; COMPOSITAE; and LEGUMINOSAE plant families. They can be activated in the liver by hydrolysis of the ester and desaturation of the necine base to reactive electrophilic pyrrolic CYTOTOXINS.

A pyrrolizidine alkaloid and a toxic plant constituent that poisons livestock and humans through the ingestion of contaminated grains and other foods. The alkaloid causes pulmonary artery hypertension, right ventricular hypertrophy, and pathological changes in the pulmonary vasculature. Significant attenuation of the cardiopulmonary changes are noted after oral magnesium treatment.

A chemical element having an atomic weight of 106.4, atomic number of 46, and the symbol Pd. It is a white, ductile metal resembling platinum, and following it in abundance and importance of applications. It is used in dentistry in the form of gold, silver, and copper alloys.

6-carbon straight-chain or branched ketones.

Ring compounds having atoms other than carbon in their nuclei. (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)

Changing an open-chain hydrocarbon to a closed ring. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 5th ed)

3-Chloro-4-(3-chloro-2-nitrophenyl)pyrrole. Antifungal antibiotic isolated from Pseudomonas pyrrocinia. It is effective mainly against Trichophyton, Microsporium, Epidermophyton, and Penicillium.

Compounds with a 5-membered ring of four carbons and an oxygen. They are aromatic heterocycles. The reduced form is tetrahydrofuran.

Rhodium. A hard and rare metal of the platinum group, atomic number 45, atomic weight 102.905, symbol Rh. (Dorland, 28th ed)

A basic polypeptide isolated from Streptomyces netropsis. It is cytotoxic and its strong, specific binding to A-T areas of DNA is useful to genetics research.

The covalent bonding of an alkyl group to an organic compound. It can occur by a simple addition reaction or by substitution of another functional group.

The facilitation of a chemical reaction by material (catalyst) that is not consumed by the reaction.

Linear TETRAPYRROLES that give a characteristic color to BILE including: BILIRUBIN; BILIVERDIN; and bilicyanin.

A republic consisting of a group of about 100 islands and islets in the western Pacific Ocean. Its capital is Koror. Under Spain it was administered as a part of the Caroline Islands but was sold to Germany in 1899. Seized by Japan in 1914, it was taken by the Allies in World War II in 1944. In 1947 it became part of the U.S. Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands, became internally self-governing in 1980, obtained independent control over its foreign policy (except defense) in 1986, and achieved total independence October 1, 1994. (Webster's New Geographical Dictionary, 1988, p915; telephone communication with Randy Flynn, Board on Geographic Names, 17 January 1995)

Spectroscopic method of measuring the magnetic moment of elementary particles such as atomic nuclei, protons or electrons. It is employed in clinical applications such as NMR Tomography (MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING).

A genus of large, brightly colored SPONGES in the family Agelasidae, possessing a skeleton of spongin fibers with a core of large spicules (megascleres).

That portion of the electromagnetic spectrum from the UHF (ultrahigh frequency) radio waves and extending into the INFRARED RAYS frequencies.

The phenomenon whereby compounds whose molecules have the same number and kind of atoms and the same atomic arrangement, but differ in their spatial relationships. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 5th ed)

Inorganic or organic compounds derived from phosphine (PH3) by the replacement of H atoms. (From Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)

1,3,6,7-Tetramethyl-4,5-dicarboxyethyl-2,8-divinylbilenone. Biosynthesized from hemoglobin as a precursor of bilirubin. Occurs in the bile of AMPHIBIANS and of birds, but not in normal human bile or serum.

The characteristic three-dimensional shape of a molecule.

Hydrocarbons with at least one triple bond in the linear portion, of the general formula Cn-H2n-2.

Compounds formed by the joining of smaller, usually repeating, units linked by covalent bonds. These compounds often form large macromolecules (e.g., BIOPOLYMERS; PLASTICS).

Models used experimentally or theoretically to study molecular shape, electronic properties, or interactions; includes analogous molecules, computer-generated graphics, and mechanical structures.

Negatively charged atoms, radicals or groups of atoms which travel to the anode or positive pole during electrolysis.

An antineoplastic agent derived from BLEOMYCIN.

Benzopyrroles with the nitrogen at the number one carbon adjacent to the benzyl portion, in contrast to ISOINDOLES which have the nitrogen away from the six-membered ring.

Unsaturated hydrocarbons of the type Cn-H2n, indicated by the suffix -ene. (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed, p408)

Inorganic salts of the hypothetical acid, H3Fe(CN)6.

Organic compounds containing a carbonyl group in the form -CHO.

A class of compounds of the type R-M, where a C atom is joined directly to any other element except H, C, N, O, F, Cl, Br, I, or At. (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)

The color-furnishing portion of hemoglobin. It is found free in tissues and as the prosthetic group in many hemeproteins.

Imidazole derivative anesthetic and hypnotic with little effect on blood gases, ventilation, or the cardiovascular system. It has been proposed as an induction anesthetic.

Porphyrins with four methyl, two vinyl, and two propionic acid side chains attached to the pyrrole rings. Protoporphyrin IX occurs in hemoglobin, myoglobin, and most of the cytochromes.

The theory that the radiation and absorption of energy take place in definite quantities called quanta (E) which vary in size and are defined by the equation E=hv in which h is Planck's constant and v is the frequency of the radiation.

A group of compounds derived from ammonia by substituting organic radicals for the hydrogens. (From Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)

The study of chemical changes resulting from electrical action and electrical activity resulting from chemical changes.

The phylum of sponges which are sessile, suspension-feeding, multicellular animals that utilize flagellated cells called choanocytes to circulate water. Most are hermaphroditic. They are probably an early evolutionary side branch that gave rise to no other group of animals. Except for about 150 freshwater species, sponges are marine animals. They are a source of ALKALOIDS; STEROLS; and other complex molecules useful in medicine and biological research.

Compounds containing 1,3-diazole, a five membered aromatic ring containing two nitrogen atoms separated by one of the carbons. Chemically reduced ones include IMIDAZOLINES and IMIDAZOLIDINES. Distinguish from 1,2-diazole (PYRAZOLES).

A low-energy attractive force between hydrogen and another element. It plays a major role in determining the properties of water, proteins, and other compounds.

The parts of a macromolecule that directly participate in its specific combination with another molecule.

The relationship between the chemical structure of a compound and its biological or pharmacological activity. Compounds are often classed together because they have structural characteristics in common including shape, size, stereochemical arrangement, and distribution of functional groups.

Analysis of the intensity of Raman scattering of monochromatic light as a function of frequency of the scattered light.

Organic compounds containing the -CO-NH2 radical. Amides are derived from acids by replacement of -OH by -NH2 or from ammonia by the replacement of H by an acyl group. (From Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)

The study of crystal structure using X-RAY DIFFRACTION techniques. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)

Organic nitrogenous bases. Many alkaloids of medical importance occur in the animal and vegetable kingdoms, and some have been synthesized. (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)

Electric conductors through which electric currents enter or leave a medium, whether it be an electrolytic solution, solid, molten mass, gas, or vacuum.

Substances used for the detection, identification, analysis, etc. of chemical, biological, or pathologic processes or conditions. Indicators are substances that change in physical appearance, e.g., color, at or approaching the endpoint of a chemical titration, e.g., on the passage between acidity and alkalinity. Reagents are substances used for the detection or determination of another substance by chemical or microscopical means, especially analysis. Types of reagents are precipitants, solvents, oxidizers, reducers, fluxes, and colorimetric reagents. (From Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed, p301, p499)

A deoxyribonucleotide polymer that is the primary genetic material of all cells. Eukaryotic and prokaryotic organisms normally contain DNA in a double-stranded state, yet several important biological processes transiently involve single-stranded regions. DNA, which consists of a polysugar-phosphate backbone possessing projections of purines (adenine and guanine) and pyrimidines (thymine and cytosine), forms a double helix that is held together by hydrogen bonds between these purines and pyrimidines (adenine to thymine and guanine to cytosine).

The art or process of comparing photometrically the relative intensities of the light in different parts of the spectrum.

Higher-order DNA and RNA structures formed from guanine-rich sequences. They are formed around a core of at least 2 stacked tetrads of hydrogen-bonded GUANINE bases. They can be formed from one two or four separate strands of DNA (or RNA) and can display a wide variety of topologies, which are a consequence of various combinations of strand direction, length, and sequence. (From Nucleic Acids Res. 2006;34(19):5402-15)

A rigorously mathematical analysis of energy relationships (heat, work, temperature, and equilibrium). It describes systems whose states are determined by thermal parameters, such as temperature, in addition to mechanical and electromagnetic parameters. (From Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary, 12th ed)

The measurement of the quantity of heat involved in various processes, such as chemical reactions, changes of state, and formations of solutions, or in the determination of the heat capacities of substances. The fundamental unit of measurement is the joule or the calorie (4.184 joules). (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)

The phenomenon whereby certain chemical compounds have structures that are different although the compounds possess the same elemental composition. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 5th ed)

Binary compounds of oxygen containing the anion O(2-). The anion combines with metals to form alkaline oxides and non-metals to form acidic oxides.

Theoretical representations that simulate the behavior or activity of chemical processes or phenomena; includes the use of mathematical equations, computers, and other electronic equipment.

A chemical reaction in which an electron is transferred from one molecule to another. The electron-donating molecule is the reducing agent or reductant; the electron-accepting molecule is the oxidizing agent or oxidant. Reducing and oxidizing agents function as conjugate reductant-oxidant pairs or redox pairs (Lehninger, Principles of Biochemistry, 1982, p471).

Liquids that dissolve other substances (solutes), generally solids, without any change in chemical composition, as, water containing sugar. (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)

The measurement of the amplitude of the components of a complex waveform throughout the frequency range of the waveform. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 6th ed)

Fractionation of a vaporized sample as a consequence of partition between a mobile gaseous phase and a stationary phase held in a column. Two types are gas-solid chromatography, where the fixed phase is a solid, and gas-liquid, in which the stationary phase is a nonvolatile liquid supported on an inert solid matrix.

An atom or group of atoms that have a positive or negative electric charge due to a gain (negative charge) or loss (positive charge) of one or more electrons. Atoms with a positive charge are known as CATIONS; those with a negative charge are ANIONS.

Liquid chromatographic techniques which feature high inlet pressures, high sensitivity, and high speed.

A basic science concerned with the composition, structure, and properties of matter; and the reactions that occur between substances and the associated energy exchange.

Prior exposure to neurotrophins blocks inhibition of axonal regeneration by MAG and myelin via a cAMP-dependent mechanism. (1/4084)

MAG is a potent inhibitor of axonal regeneration. Here, inhibition by MAG, and myelin in general, is blocked if neurons are exposed to neurotrophins before encountering the inhibitor; priming cerebellar neurons with BDNF or GDNF, but not NGF, or priming DRG neurons with any of these neurotrophins blocks inhibition by MAG/myelin. Dibutyryl cAMP also overcomes inhibition by MAG/myelin, and cAMP is elevated by neurotrophins. A PKA inhibitor present during priming abrogates the block of inhibition. Finally, if neurons are exposed to MAG/myelin and neurotrophins simultaneously, but with the Gi protein inhibitor, inhibition is blocked. We suggest that priming neurons with particular neurotrophins elevates cAMP and activates PKA, which blocks subsequent inhibition of regeneration and that priming is required because MAG/myelin activates a Gi protein, which blocks increases in cAMP. This is important for encouraging axons to regrow in vivo. (+info)

Increased lipophilicity and subsequent cell partitioning decrease passive transcellular diffusion of novel, highly lipophilic antioxidants. (2/4084)

Oxidative stress is considered a cause or propagator of acute and chronic disorders of the central nervous system. Novel 2, 4-diamino-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidines are potent inhibitors of iron-dependent lipid peroxidation, are cytoprotective in cell culture models of oxidative injury, and are neuroprotective in brain injury and ischemia models. The selection of lead candidates from this series required that they reach target cells deep within brain tissue in efficacious amounts after oral dosing. A homologous series of 26 highly lipophilic pyrrolopyrimidines was examined using cultured cell monolayers to understand the structure-permeability relationship and to use this information to predict brain penetration and residence time. Pyrrolopyrimidines were shown to be a more permeable structural class of membrane-interactive antioxidants where transepithelial permeability was inversely related to lipophilicity or to cell partitioning. Pyrrole substitutions influence cell partitioning where bulky hydrophobic groups increased partitioning and decreased permeability and smaller hydrophobic groups and more hydrophilic groups, especially those capable of weak hydrogen bonding, decreased partitioning, and increased permeability. Transmonolayer diffusion for these membrane-interactive antioxidants was limited mostly by desorption from the receiver-side membrane into the buffer. Thus, in this case, these in vitro cell monolayer models do not adequately mimic the in vivo situation by underestimating in vivo bioavailability of highly lipophilic compounds unless acceptors, such as serum proteins, are added to the receiving buffer. (+info)

Involvement of phosphodiesterase-cGMP-PKG pathway in intracellular Ca2+ oscillations in pituitary GH3 cells. (3/4084)

The present study investigates the potential role of the Ca2+-calmodulin-dependent type I phosphodiesterase (PDE)-cGMP-protein kinase G (PKG) pathway in spontaneous [Ca2+]i oscillations in GH3 cells using fura-2 single cell videoimaging. Vinpocetine (2.5-50 microM), a selective inhibitor of type I PDE, induced a concentration-dependent inhibition of spontaneous [Ca2+]i oscillations in these pituitary cells, and at the same time produced an increase of the intracellular cGMP content. The cell permeable cGMP analog N2,2'-O-dibutyryl-cGMP (dB-cGMP) (1 mM) caused a progressive reduction of the frequency and the amplitude of spontaneous [Ca2+]i oscillations when added to the medium. KT5823 (400 nM), a selective inhibitor of cGMP-dependent protein kinase (PKG), produced an increase of baseline [Ca2+]i and the disappearance of spontaneous [Ca2+]i oscillations. When KT5823 was added before vinpocetine, the PKG inhibitor counteracted the [Ca2+]i lowering effect of the cGMP catabolism inhibitor. Finally, the removal of extracellular Ca2+ or the blockade of L-type voltage-sensitive calcium channels (VSCC) by nimodipine produced a decrease of cytosolic cGMP levels. Collectively, the results of the present study suggest that spontaneous [Ca2+]i oscillations in GH3 cells may be regulated by the activity of type I PDE-cGMP-PKG pathway. (+info)

Characterization of a novel, non-peptidyl antagonist of the human glucagon receptor. (4/4084)

We have identified a series of potent, orally bioavailable, non-peptidyl, triarylimidazole and triarylpyrrole glucagon receptor antagonists. 2-(4-Pyridyl)-5-(4-chlorophenyl)-3-(5-bromo-2-propyloxyphenyl)p yrr ole (L-168,049), a prototypical member of this series, inhibits binding of labeled glucagon to the human glucagon receptor with an IC50 = 3. 7 +/- 3.4 nM (n = 7) but does not inhibit binding of labeled glucagon-like peptide to the highly homologous human glucagon-like peptide receptor at concentrations up to 10 microM. The binding affinity of L-168,049 for the human glucagon receptor is decreased 24-fold by the inclusion of divalent cations (5 mM). L-168,049 increases the apparent EC50 for glucagon stimulation of adenylyl cyclase in Chinese hamster ovary cells expressing the human glucagon receptor and decreases the maximal glucagon stimulation observed, with a Kb (concentration of antagonist that shifts the agonist dose-response 2-fold) of 25 nM. These data suggest that L-168,049 is a noncompetitive antagonist of glucagon action. Inclusion of L-168, 049 increases the rate of dissociation of labeled glucagon from the receptor 4-fold, confirming that the compound is a noncompetitive glucagon antagonist. In addition, we have identified two putative transmembrane domain residues, phenylalanine 184 in transmembrane domain 2 and tyrosine 239 in transmembrane domain 3, for which substitution by alanine reduces the affinity of L-168,049 46- and 4. 5-fold, respectively. These mutations do not alter the binding of labeled glucagon, suggesting that the binding sites for glucagon and L-168,049 are distinct. (+info)

Characterization of the pyoluteorin biosynthetic gene cluster of Pseudomonas fluorescens Pf-5. (5/4084)

Ten genes (plt) required for the biosynthesis of pyoluteorin, an antifungal compound composed of a bichlorinated pyrrole linked to a resorcinol moiety, were identified within a 24-kb genomic region of Pseudomonas fluorescens Pf-5. The deduced amino acid sequences of eight plt genes were similar to the amino acid sequences of genes with known biosynthetic functions, including type I polyketide synthases (pltB, pltC), an acyl coenzyme A (acyl-CoA) dehydrogenase (pltE), an acyl-CoA synthetase (pltF), a thioesterase (pltG), and three halogenases (pltA, pltD, and pltM). Insertions of the transposon Tn5 or Tn3-nice or a kanamycin resistance gene in each of these genes abolished pyoluteorin production by Pf-5. The presumed functions of the eight plt products are consistent with biochemical transformations involved in pyoluteorin biosynthesis from proline and acetate precursors. Isotope labeling studies demonstrated that proline is the primary precursor to the dichloropyrrole moiety of pyoluteorin. The deduced amino acid sequence of the product of another plt gene, pltR, is similar to those of members of the LysR family of transcriptional activators. pltR and pltM are transcribed divergently from the pltLABCDEFG gene cluster, and a sequence with the characteristics of a LysR binding site was identified within the 486-bp intergenic region separating pltRM from pltLABCDEFG. Transcription of the pyoluteorin biosynthesis genes pltB, pltE, and pltF, assessed with transcriptional fusions to an ice nucleation reporter gene, was significantly greater in Pf-5 than in a pltR mutant of Pf-5. Therefore, PltR is proposed to be a transcriptional activator of linked pyoluteorin biosynthesis genes. (+info)

Promotion of antibiotic production by high ethanol, high NaCl concentration, or heat shock in Pseudomonas fluorescens S272. (6/4084)

A stress imposed by a continuous feed of high ethanol, high NaCl concentration, or a high temperature shock increased antibiotic production by several times in Pseudomonas fluorescens S272. A tentative bioassay showed that the stress caused about 40-fold elevation in the autoinducer activity. Addition of synthetic autoinducers, N-(3-oxododecanoyl)-L-homoserine lactone or N-(3-oxohexanoyl)-L-homoserine lactone at a concentration of more than 100 micrograms/l to a non-stressed culture also increased the antibiotic production by several times. These results suggested that the antibiotic production in P. fluorescens S272 was regulated by N-acyl-homoserine lactone and the promotive effect by stress occurred through any function that increased the autoinducer production. (+info)

Peripheral urocortin delays gastric emptying: role of CRF receptor 2. (7/4084)

Urocortin, a new mammalian member of the corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) family has been proposed to be the endogenous ligand for CRF receptor 2 (CRF-R2). We studied the influence of intravenous urocortin on gastric emptying and the role of CRF-R2 in peptide action and postoperative gastric ileus in conscious rats. The intravenous doses of rat CRF and rat urocortin producing 50% inhibition of gastric emptying were 2.5 and 1.1 microgram/kg, respectively. At these intravenous doses, CRF and urocortin have their actions fully reversed by the CRF-R1/CRF-R2 antagonist astressin at antagonist/agonist ratios of 5:1 and 67:1, respectively. Astressin (12 microgram/kg iv) completely prevented abdominal surgery-induced 54% inhibition of gastric emptying 3 h after surgery while having no effect on basal gastric emptying. The selective nonpeptide CRF-R1 antagonists antalarmin (20 mg/kg ip) and NBI-27914 (400 microgram/kg iv) did not influence intravenous CRF-, urocortin- or surgery-induced gastric stasis. These results as well as earlier ones showing that alpha-helical CRF9-41 (a CRF-R2 more selective antagonist) partly prevented postoperative ileus indicate that peripheral CRF-R2 may be primarily involved in intravenous urocortin-, CRF-, and abdominal surgery-induced gastric stasis. (+info)

Inhibition of PC-3 human androgen-independent prostate cancer and its metastases by cytotoxic somatostatin analogue AN-238. (8/4084)

We evaluated whether AN-238, the cytotoxic analogue of somatostatin (SST) consisting of the radical 2-pyrrolinodoxorubicin (AN-201) linked covalently to the SST octapeptide carrier RC-121 (D-Phe-Cys-Tyr-D-Trp-Lys-Val-Cys-Thr-NH2), could be used for targeting human primary and metastatic prostate carcinomas that express SST receptors (SSTRs). The antitumor activity and toxicity of AN-238 and its components were first characterized in nude mice bearing s.c. xenografts of PC-3 human androgen-independent prostate cancer. In experiment 1, AN-238 was injected once i.v. at 200 nmol/kg when the mean volume of s.c. tumors was about 30 mm3. Administration of AN-238 inhibited tumor growth, as shown by a 74% decrease in tumor volume and by a 71% reduction in tumor weight after 7 weeks as compared with the control group. AN-201 at an equimolar dose did not show any antitumor activity. The mortality was 14.3% (one of seven mice) in the AN-238-treated group and 47% (three of seven mice) in mice that received AN-201. In experiment 2, two i.v. injections of AN-238 at 150 nmol/kg were given 10 days apart when the tumors measured 65-70 mm3. A significant inhibition of tumor volume (62.3%; P < 0.001) and tumor weight (61.1%; P < 0.01) was observed after 4 weeks of treatment. AN-201, given alone at the same dose or coadministered with RC-121, had no significant effect on PC-3 tumors. The suppression of tumor growth induced by AN-238 was accompanied by a significant enhancement of apoptosis (P < 0.01). There were similar side effects in all treated groups, which included a transient loss of body weight and leukopenia. The effectiveness of AN-238 in a metastatic model was then investigated in animals implanted orthotopically with 2 x 10(6) PC-3 cells. Two i.v. injections of AN-238 or AN-201 at 150 nmol/kg were administered 10 days apart at 10 weeks after intraprostatic inoculation of PC-3 cells. After 4 weeks of treatment, the mean weight of primary tumors in animals receiving AN-238 was 77% lower (P < 0.01) than that in controls. This reduction was also significantly greater (P < 0.05) than that in animals given AN-201, which showed only a 34% inhibition (nonsignificant versus controls). All control animals and four of six (67%) mice treated with AN-201 developed metastases in the lymph nodes; however, no lymphatic spread of cancer was found in the AN-238-treated group. Using reverse transcription-PCR analysis, we demonstrated the expression of SSTR2 and SSTR5 in intraprostatic tumors and their metastases in lymph nodes as well as in s.c. tumors. The present study demonstrates the high efficacy of SSTR-targeted chemotherapy in a model of advanced human androgen-independent prostatic carcinoma, as shown by the inhibition of primary tumors and their metastases by the cytotoxic SST analogue AN-238. (+info)

Under acid catalysis, pyrrole and ketones R−(C=O)−R' or aldehydes R−(C=O)−H condense to give many oligomers, including the ... Alternatively, pyrrole with sidechains substituted at carbons 3 and 4 (those not adjacent to the nitrogen) can be condensed ... Porphyrins differ from porphyrinogens by having the four pyrrole rings linked by methine bridges =CH− instead of methylene ... Meso-substituted porphyrinogens with eight non-hydrogen side chains are also called calix[4]pyrroles. These products resist ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Porphyrinogen

The compound is made by condensation of pyrrole with acetone. The pyrrolic N-H centers of ctamethylporphyrinogen can be ... pyrroles". Journal of the American Chemical Society. 118 (49): 12471-12472. doi:10.1021/ja9632217. Bachmann, Julien; Hodgkiss, ... pyrroles". Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research. 39 (10): 3471-3478. doi:10.1021/ie000102y. Allen, William E.; Gale, ... prefix meso-octamethyl indicates that eight methyl groups are located on the carbon centers that interconnect the four pyrrole ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meso-octamethylporphyrinogen

Lamellarins are a group of pyrrole alkaloids first isolated in 1985 from the marine mollusk Lamellaria in the waters of Palau. ... They are divided into two groups, depending on whether the pyrrole ring is fused or unfused. The lamellarins have been ... The Steglich synthesis features an oxidative coupling of two benzylic carbons, as well as a Paal-Knorr pyrrole synthesis. The ... The lamellarins all contain a central pyrrole ring, substituted at the 3 and 4 positions by polyhydroxy- or methoxyphenyls. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lamellarin_D

Pyrrole can be prepared industrially by reacting furan and ammonia in the presence of solid acid catalysts, such as SiO2 and ... "Pyrrole". Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry. Weinheim: Wiley-VCH. doi:10.1002/14356007.a22_453. Anese, M.; ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Furan

Reaction of pyrroles with dichlorocarbene". Journal of the Chemical Society C: Organic (18): 2249. doi:10.1039/J39690002249. ... The Ciamician-Dennstedt rearrangement entails the ring-expansion of pyrrole with dichlorocarbene to 3-chloropyridine. In the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pyridine

Zamani M, Sharifi Tehrani A, Ali Abadi AA (2007). "Evaluation of antifungal activity of carbonate and bicarbonate salts alone or in combination with biocontrol agents in control of citrus green mold". Communications in Agricultural and Applied Biological Sciences. 72 (4): 773-7. PMID 18396809 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_fungicides

Ciamician-Dennstedt rearrangement Ciamician, G.; Dennestedt, M. (1881). Ciamician synthesis of pyridines from pyrroles. Chem. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giacomo_Ciamician

Cyr, D. J.; Arndtsen, B. A., A New Use of Wittig-type Reagents as 1,3-Dipolar Cycloaddition Precursors and in Pyrrole Synthesis ... doi:10.1021/ol4035512) Organic Chemistry Portal pyrrole synthesis abstract: "A New Use of Wittig-Type Reagents as 1,3-Dipolar ... Multicomponent Synthesis of Pyrrole-Based pi-Conjugated Polymers from Imines, Acid Chlorides, and Alkynes. J. Am. Chem. Soc. ... and pyrroles. The latter heterocyclic products were obtained by multi-component reactions involving in situ-generation of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montréalone

The Barton-Zard reaction is a route to pyrrole derivatives via the reaction of a nitroalkene with an α-isocyanoacetate under ... pp.43-4 Barton, Derek H. R.; Zard, Samir Z. (1985). "A new synthesis of pyrroles from nitroalkenes". Journal of the Chemical ... Ono, Noboru (2008). "Barton-Zard Pyrrole Synthesis and Its Application to Synthesis of Porphyrins, Polypyrroles, and ... An extension of the barton-zard pyrrole condensation". Tetrahedron Letters. 35 (16): 2493-2494. doi:10.1016/S0040-4039(00)77152 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barton–Zard_reaction

Whereas the pyrrole molecule is planar, the arsole molecule is not, and the hydrogen atom bonded to arsenic extends out of the ... Pyrrole, a nitrogen analog. Furan, an oxygen analog. Thiophene, a sulfur analog. Simple aromatic rings Varsol, a petroleum ... It is classified as a metallole and is isoelectronic to and related to pyrrole except that an arsenic atom is substituted for ... The planarity is lost even in pyrrole when its nitrogen-bonded hydrogen atom is substituted, e.g., with fluorine. However, the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arsole

Diaz, A. F.; Kanazawa, K. Keiji; Gardini, Gian Piero (1979). "Electrochemical polymerization of pyrrole". Journal of the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organic_semiconductor

ISBN 978-1-4398-1382-9.CS1 maint: extra text: authors list (link) A., Gossauer (1974). Die Chemie der Pyrrole. Berlin, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Streptomyces_rishiriensis

... no 13C incorporation was observed in the pyrrole ring of PBP. In 2004, a follow-up study described the PBP pyrrole ring as ... Of more than 20 classified pyrrole antibiotics, PBP is the most active member in its class, and demonstrates a high in vitro ... 2. The Pyrrole Ring". Bioscience, Biotechnology, and Biochemistry. 69 (3): 628-630. doi:10.1271/bbb.69.628. PMID 15784994. ... PBP was first isolated and reported in 1966, when Burkholder and colleagues identified an unusual, highly brominated pyrrole ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pentabromopseudilin

"Zur Kenntnis der Pyrrole, 4. Mitteilung: Über Pyrrol-aldehyde (II.) und über Pyrrol-nitrile," Berichte der deutschen chemischen ... "Zur Kenntnis der Pyrrole, 1. Mitteilung: Über Pyrrol-aldehyde", Berichte der deutschen chemischen Gesellschaft, Volume 55, ... "Zur Kenntnis der Pyrrole, 3. Mitteilung: Über Ketone, Ketonsäure-ester und Ketonsäure-nitrile substituierter Pyrrole," Berichte ... Issue 6, pages 1942-1949, 1922, doi:10.1002/cber.19220550645 Hans Fischer, Werner Zerweck, "Zur Kenntnis der Pyrrole, 2. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Werner_Zerweck

... who reported the formation of pyrrole blacks from pyrrole magnesium bromide. Since then pyrrole oxidation reaction has been ... Chemical oxidation of pyrrole: n C4H4NH + 2n FeCl3 → (C4H2NH)n + 2n FeCl2 + 2n HCl The process is thought to occur via the ... Polypyrrole (PPy) is an organic polymer obtained by oxidative polymerization of pyrrole. It is a solid with the formula H( ... This electrophile attacks the C-2 carbon of an unoxidized molecule of pyrrole to give a dimeric cation [(C4H4NH)2]++. The ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polypyrrole

For example, with the benzo-fused unsaturated nitrogen heterocycles, pyrrole provides indole or isoindole depending on the ... Included are pyridine, thiophene, pyrrole, and furan. Another large class of heterocycles are fused to benzene rings, which for ... 1834: Runge obtains pyrrole ("fiery oil") by dry distillation of bones. 1906: Friedlander synthesizes indigo dye, allowing ... pyridine, thiophene, pyrrole, and furan are quinoline, benzothiophene, indole, and benzofuran, respectively. Fusion of two ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heterocyclic_ring

PigB oxidises the resulting ring using oxygen and FAD+, yielding the pyrrole. Finally, the two pieces are combined by pigC and ... The biosynthesis of prodigiosin and related analogs, the prodiginines involves the convergent coupling of three pyrrole type ... Walsh, Christopher T.; Garneau-Tsodikova, Sylvie; Howard-Jones, Annaleise R. (2006). "Biological formation of pyrroles: ... as the coenzyme to yield pyrrole ring A. In the first step, proline is attached to a peptidyl carrier protein (PCP) called pigG ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prodigiosin

... pyrroles". doi:10.1021/ja973656+. Cite journal requires ,journal= (help) C., Vollhardt, K. Peter (2018-01-29). Organic ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrophilic_aromatic_directing_groups

Walsh, Christopher T.; Garneau-Tsodikova, Sylvie; Howard-Jones, Annaleise R. (2006). "Biological formation of pyrroles: ... This contains two pyrrole rings built from proline and serine as shown in the blue-shaded pathway in Figure 1. The aldehyde is ... subsequently condensed with a third pyrrole to form prodigiosin (compound 16 in Figure 1), which is then further elaborated to ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prodiginines

The asymmetric hydrogenation of 2,3,5-substituted N-Boc pyrroles Unprotected 2,5-pyrroles may also be hydrogenated ... Such an analysis led to the development of a ruthenium(I)/phosphine/amine base system for 2,3,5-substituted N-Boc pyrroles that ... The asymmetric hydrogenation of 2,3,5-substituted pyrroles was achieved by the recognition that such substrates bear the same ... Achieving complete conversion of pyrroles to pyrrolidines by asymmetric hydrogenation has so far proven difficult, with partial ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asymmetric_hydrogenation

Jackson, A. H.; Smith, K. M. (1973). "The Total Synthesis of Pyrrole Pigments". In Apsimon, John (ed.). Total Synthesis of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vitamin_B12_total_synthesis

Polymeric derivatives of pyrrole and thiophene are of interest in molecular electronics. Metalloles, which can also be viewed ... The Group 15 Analogous of Pyrrole". The Journal of Physical Chemistry A. 106 (26): 6387. Bibcode:2002JPCA..106.6387P. doi: ... a lead analog Pyrrole (azole), a nitrogen analog Selenophene, a selenium analog Silole, a silicon analog Stannole, a tin analog ... as structural analogs of pyrrole, include: Arsole, a moderately-aromatic arsenic analog Bismole, a bismuth analog Borole, a ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metallole

Hantzsch pyrrole synthesis Hantzsch, A. (1881). "Condensationprodukte aus Aldehydammoniak und Ketonartigen Verbindungen". ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hantzsch_pyridine_synthesis

A benzoporphyrin is a porphyrin with a benzene ring fused to one of the pyrrole units. e.g. verteporfin is a benzoporphyrin ... Chlorins (2,3-dihydroporphyrin) are more reduced, contain more hydrogen than porphyrins, i.e. one pyrrole has been converted to ... The general scheme is a condensation and oxidation process starting with pyrrole and an aldehyde. The first synthetic porphyrin ... Two molecules of dALA are then combined by porphobilinogen synthase to give porphobilinogen (PBG), which contains a pyrrole ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Porphyrin

Franz Feist (1902). "Studien in der Furan- und Pyrrol-Gruppe". Chemische Berichte. 35 (2): 1537-1544. doi:10.1002/cber. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feist–Benary_synthesis

Pyrrole, an analog without the oxygen atom. Furan, an analog without the nitrogen atom. Oxazoline, which has only one double ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxazolidine

Included are pyridine, thiophene, pyrrole, and furan. Another large class of heterocycles refers to those fused to benzene ... For example, with the benzo-fused unsaturated nitrogen heterocycles, pyrrole provides indole or isoindole depending on the ... For example, the fused benzene derivatives of pyridine, thiophene, pyrrole, and furan are quinoline, benzothiophene, indole, ... Runge obtains pyrrole ("fiery oil") by dry distillation of bones 1906: Friedlander synthesizes indigo dye, allowing synthetic ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heterocyclic_compound

It condenses with pyrrole to give tetrapyridylporphyrin. The pKa has been experimentally determined by NMR spectroscopy to be ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pyridine-4-carboxaldehyde

PYRROLE disorder, suffered by 10- per cent of the population, is a condition with many physical and psychological symptoms, yet ... She diagnosed pyrrole disorder. Unusually, I had heard of pyrrole, as a friends son had it. Its a genetic blood disorder that ... Could you have Pyrrole disorder?. PYRROLE disorder, suffered by 10- per cent of the population, is a condition with many ... "Pyrrole disorder is quite common - almost a third of patients I see have it - but not many doctors know about it. It is a ...

https://www.news.com.au/tablet/could-you-have-pyrrole-disorder/news-story/13971de5444b75d924a7c9b75f29928a

Other names: 1H-Pyrrole; Azole; Divinylenimine; Imidole; Monopyrrole; Pyrrol; 1-Aza-2,4-cyclopentadiene; Divinyleneimine; ... Helm, R.V.; Lanum, W.J.; Cook, G.L.; Ball, J.S., Purification and Properties of Pyrrole, Pyrrolidine, Pyridine and 2- ... Gapeev, A.; Yang, C.-N., Binding Energies of Gas-Phase Ions with Pyrrole. Experimental and Quantum Chemical Results, J. Phys. ... Kimizuka, Wieslawa; Szydlowski, Jerzy, Vapor pressure isotope effect of n-deuterated pyrrole, Fluid Phase Equilibria, 1992, 77 ...

https://webbook.nist.gov/cgi/cbook.cgi?ID=C109977&Units=CAL&Mask=1A8F

Other names: 1H-Pyrrole; Azole; Divinylenimine; Imidole; Monopyrrole; Pyrrol; 1-Aza-2,4-cyclopentadiene; Divinyleneimine; ...

https://webbook.nist.gov/cgi/cbook.cgi?ID=C109977&Units=SI&Mask=400

Pyrrole aus Azinen" [Synthesis of pyrrole derivatives: pyrrole from diethyl succinyl succinate, pyrrole from azines]. Berichte ... In contrast, substituted pyrroles (including protected pyrroles) have been used in a broad range of transformations. Pyrroles ... Pyrrole aldehydes can be formed by a Vilsmeier-Haack reaction. N-Acylation of simple pyrrole does not occur.[citation needed] ... Pyrrole has a nutty odor. Pyrrole is a 5-membered aromatic heterocycle, like furan and thiophene. Unlike furan and thiophene, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pyrrole

Pyrrole definition, a colorless, toxic, liquid, five-membered ring compound, C4H5N, that is a component of chlorophyll, hemin, ... OTHER WORDS FROM pyrrole. pyr·rol·ic [pi-rol-ik, -roh-lik], /pɪˈrɒl ɪk, -ˈroʊ lɪk/, adjective ... Derived forms of pyrrole. pyrrolic (pɪˈrɒlɪk), adjective. Word Origin for pyrrole. C19: from Greek purrhos red, from pur fire ... pyrrole. in a sentence. *. This brings selenophene more akin to pyrrole than thiophene, but the group -NH- in the molecule of ...

https://www.dictionary.com/browse/pyrrole

Pyrrole-imidazole polyamides (PIPs) are a class of polyamides have the ability to bind to minor grooves found in the DNA helix ... Wu, Chunlei; Wang, Wei; Fang, Lijing; Su, Wu (July 2018). "Programmable pyrrole-imidazole polyamides: A potent tool for DNA ... Kawamoto, Yusuke; Bando, Toshikazu; Sugiyama, Hiroshi (May 2018). "Sequence-specific DNA binding Pyrrole-imidazole polyamides ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pyrrole%E2%80%93imidazole_polyamides

Pyrrole disorder is a clinical condition that causes dramatic shifts in mood. It sometimes occurs alongside other mental health ... What causes pyrrole disorder?. The exact cause of pyrrole disorder is unknown, but its thought to be a hereditary condition ... Pyrrole disorder vs. bipolar disorder. Its not uncommon for people with bipolar disorder to also have excess pyrrole molecules ... Pyrrole disorder develops when there are too many pyrrole molecules in your body. These can strip your system of essential ...

https://www.healthline.com/health/pyrrole-disorder

... or trisubstituted pyrroles. The value of this chemistry is demonstrated by its application to the tetrasubstituted pyrrole ... or trisubstituted pyrroles. The value of th ...

http://www.biomedsearch.com/nih/Substituted-Pyrroles-via-Olefin-Cross/20712303.html

A series of pyrrole and pyrrolopyrimidine derivatives were examined for their ,i,in vivo,/i, antihyperglycemic activity. ... Only the open form pyrrole derivatives, namely, I a, c, and e (pyrrole o-amino carbonitriles), induced a significant decrease ... Regarding the side chain function, for the pyrroles derivatives, the free amino group in pyrrole o-amino carbonitriles I a, c, ... The tested compounds were classified into 2 main groups: first, the open form pyrrole derivatives, namely, Ia-e (pyrrole o- ...

https://www.hindawi.com/journals/bmri/2014/249780/

... Halyna M. Kuznietsova, Maryna S. Yena, Iryna P. Kotlyar ... "Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Protein Kinase Inhibitor Pyrrol Derivate," The Scientific World Journal, vol. 2016, Article ID ...

https://www.hindawi.com/journals/tswj/2016/2145753/cta/

Pyrrole-2-carboxaldehyde 98%; CAS Number: 1003-29-8; EC Number: 213-705-5; Synonyms: 2-Formylpyrrole; find Sigma-Aldrich-P73404 ... Regiocontrolled synthesis of pyrrole-2-carboxaldehydes and 3-pyrrolin-2-ones from pyrrole Weinreb amides. ... pyrrole Weinreb amides), which were converted into the corresponding pyrrole-2-carboxaldehydes by treatment. ... ... A Barton-Zard pyrrole synthesis between N-methoxy-N-methyl-2-isocyanoacetamide and alpha-nitroalkenes or beta-nitroacetates ...

https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/US/en/product/aldrich/P73404

... pyrrol-1-ylpyridine-3-carboxylic acid

https://scitoys.com/scichem/jqp042/2050101.html

Several medically and agriculturally important natural products contain pyrrole moieties. Precursor labeling studies of some of ... and one of the pyrroles of undecylprodigiosin. This suggests a novel mechanism for pyrrole biosynthesis. The biosynthetic gene ... This establishes a novel mechanism for pyrrole biosynthesis and extends the hypothesis that organisms use A/PCP pairs to ... Several medically and agriculturally important natural products contain pyrrole moieties. Precursor labeling studies of some of ...

https://www.mendeley.com/catalogue/conversion-lproline-pyrrolyl2carboxylspcp-during-undecylprodigiosin-pyoluteorin-biosynthesis/

Fungicidally active novel 1-aminomethyl-3-aryl-4-cyano-pyrroles of the formula ##STR1## in which Ar represents optionally ... It is furthermore known that certain 3-aryl-pyrroles, such as, for example, 4-cyano-3-(2,3-dichlorophenyl)-pyrrole, likewise ... The 3-aryl-4-cyano-pyrroles of the formula (II) are known (cf., for example, EP No. 174,910, EP No. 182,738 or EP No. 133,247 ... Finally, it has been found that the new 1-aminomethyl-3-aryl-4-cyano-pyrroles of the general formula (I) have a good action ...

http://www.freepatentsonline.com/4923883.html

Pyrrole-2-carboxylate can serve as the sole source of carbon, nitrogen, and energy for a strain tentatively identified to ... designated as pyrrole-2-carboxylate monooxygenase belongs to the recently discovered new class of two-component flavin aromatic ... Two-component flavin-dependent pyrrole-2-carboxylate monooxygenase from Rhodococcus sp.. Becker D1, Schräder T, Andreesen JR. ... but exhibited a pyrrole-2-carboxylate-dependent oxygen consumption when it was complemented with the reductase component, FAD, ...

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9395321?dopt=Abstract

Looking for TCI AMERICAS Pyrrole-2-Carboxylic Acid,5g (19UP67)? Graingers got your back. Price:$193.50. Easy ordering & ...

https://www.grainger.com/product/TCI-AMERICAS-TCI-634-97-9-19UP67

1H-Pyrrole, 1-(triphenylplumbyl)-. Regulatory process names 1 IUPAC names 1 Other identifiers 1 ...

https://www.echa.europa.eu/fr/web/guest/substance-information/-/substanceinfo/100.299.336

1H-Pyrrole-3-carboxamide, 5-(4-fluorophenyl)-2-(1-methylethyl)-N,4-diphenyl-1-(2-((2R,4R)-tetrahydro-4-hydroxy-6-oxo-2H-pyran-2 ... 1H-Pyrrole-3-carboxamide, 5-(4-fluorophenyl)-2-(1-methylethyl)-N,4-diphenyl-1-[2-[(2R,4R)-tetrahydro-4-hydroxy-6-oxo-2H-pyran-2 ... 1H-Pyrrole-3-carboxamide, 5-(4-fluorophenyl)-2-(1-methylethyl)-N,4-diphenyl-1-(2-((2R,4R)-tetrahydro-4-hydroxy-6-oxo-2H-pyran-2 ... 5-(4-fluorophenyl)-1-{2-[(2R,4R)-4-hydroxy-6-oxooxan-2-yl]ethyl}-N,4-diphenyl-2-(propan-2-yl)-1H-pyrrole-3-carboxamide ...

https://www.echa.europa.eu/web/guest/substance-information/-/substanceinfo/100.101.773

... and N-vinyl-2-trifluoroacetylpyrroles gives pyrrole-2-carboxylic acids and their N-vinyl derivatives in good yields; most of ... Haloform cleavage of 2-trifluoroacetyl- and N-vinyl-2-trifluoroacetylpyrroles gives pyrrole-2-carboxylic acids and their N- ...

https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/BF00487424

Pyrrole Propyl Amine , C7H12N2 , CID 55265879 - structure, chemical names, physical and chemical properties, classification, ...

https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/55265879

1-Methyl-1H-pyrrol-3-amine , C5H8N2 , CID 12532405 - structure, chemical names, physical and chemical properties, ...

https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/1-Methyl-1H-pyrrol-3-amine

New pyrrole-based histone deacetylase inhibitors: binding mode, enzyme- and cell-based investigations.. Mai A1, Valente S, ... Through structure-based drug design, two isomers of the APHA lead compound 1, the 3-(2-benzoyl-1-methyl-1H-pyrrol-4-yl)-N- ... hydroxy-2-propenamide 2 and the 3-(2-benzoyl-1-methyl-1H-pyrrol-5-yl)-N-hydroxy-2-propenamide 3 (iso-APHAs) were designed, ...

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18834955?dopt=AbstractPlus

... pyrrol-2-amine

https://scitoys.com/scichem/jqp069/4480992.html

PYRROLE-2-CARBOXYLATE. C5 H4 N O2. WRHZVMBBRYBTKZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M. Ligand Interaction. ... COMPLEX OF MONOMERIC SARCOSINE OXIDASE WITH THE INHIBITOR PYRROLE-2-CARBOXYLATE. *DOI: 10.2210/pdb1ELI/pdb ...

https://www.rcsb.org/structure/1eli

methyl pyrrole-3-carboxylate, 1h-pyrrole-3-carboxylic acid methyl ester, 1h-pyrrole-3-carboxylic acid, methyl ester, methyl 3- ... methyl pyrrole-3-carboxylate, 1h-pyrrole-3-carboxylic acid methyl ester, 1h-pyrrole-3-carboxylic acid, methyl ester, methyl 3- ... Methyl pyrrole-3-carboxylate is used as an organic chemical synthesis intermediate.. Solubility. Slightly soluble in water.. ... pyrrolecarboxylate, 3-methoxycarbonyl-1h-pyrrole, pubchem22507, acmc-1cmqn, methylpyrrole-3-carboxylate, 4,5-methoxy- ...

https://www.fishersci.ca/shop/products/methyl-pyrrole-3-carboxylate-97-1/AAH5434006

pyrrole-2-carboxylic acid, minaline, minalin, 2-pyrrolecarboxylic acid, pyrrole-2-carboxylicacid, pyrrole-2-carboxylate, 2- ... pyrrole-2-carboxylic acid, minaline, minalin, 2-pyrrolecarboxylic acid, pyrrole-2-carboxylicacid, pyrrole-2-carboxylate, 2- ... Pyrrole-2-carboxylic acid has demonstrated antiparasitic activity against Trypanosomes by selective proline racemase inhibition ...

https://www.fishersci.ca/shop/products/pyrrole-2-carboxylic-acid-99-2/AAL1375603

1H-pyrrol-2-yl)methanol; CAS Number: 27472-36-2; find Enamine-ENA413165010 MSDS, related peer-reviewed papers, technical ...

https://www.sigmaaldrich.com/catalog/buildingblock/product/enamine/ena413165010?lang=en®ion=US

... pyrrole-co- N-methyl pyrrole) (1:1) on indium-tin-oxide (ITO) glass plates. This... ... Cholesterol Pyrrole Cholesterol Oxidase Enzyme Electrode Cyclic Voltammetric Study This is a preview of subscription content, ... Cholesterol oxidase (ChOx) has been electrochemically entrapped onto p-toluene sulphonate (PTS) doped poly (pyrrole-co-N-methyl ... pyrrole) (1:1) on indium-tin-oxide (ITO) glass plates. This ChOx-copolymer-PTS/ITO bioelectrode has been characterized using ...

https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs10853-008-3184-y

The procedure is amenable for the synthesis of new substituted pyrroles. Moreover, aqueous medium makes the method more eco- ... The synthesis of C-substituted and N-substituted pyrrole is described by the reaction of phenacyl bromides, pentane-2, 4-dione ... Efficient Synthesis of Pyrroles and Pyrrole-Containing Heterocycles," Journal of the American Chemical Society, Vol. 123, No. 9 ... H. Meshram, V. Bangade, B. Reddy, G. Kumar and P. Thakur, "DABCO Promoted an Efficient and Convenient Synthesis of Pyrrole in ...

https://www.scirp.org/journal/paperinformation.aspx?paperid=20382

3. Hydroquinone-pyrrole dyads with varied linkers. Open this publication in new window or tab ,,Hydroquinone-pyrrole dyads with ... A modular organic synthetic approach allows the assembly of the pyrrole and quinone units into quinone-pyrrole dyads. These ... A series of pyrroles functionalized in the 3-position with p-dimethoxybenzene via various linkers (CH2, CH2CH2, CH=CH, C≡C) has ... Quinone-Pyrrole Dyad Based Polymers for Organic Batteries: From Design to Application. Huang, Hao Uppsala University, ...

http://www.diva-portal.org/smash/record.jsf?pid=diva2:1077955

The Hantzsch pyrrole synthesis is the reaction of β-ketoesters (1) with ammonia (or primary amines) and α-haloketones (2) to give substituted pyrroles (3). (wikipedia.org)
The Knorr pyrrole synthesis involves the reaction of an α-amino ketone or an α-amino-β-ketoester with an activated methylene compound. (wikipedia.org)
In the Paal-Knorr pyrrole synthesis, a 1,4-dicarbonyl compound reacts with ammonia or a primary amine to form a substituted pyrrole. (wikipedia.org)
The starting materials in the Piloty-Robinson pyrrole synthesis, named for Gertrude and Robert Robinson and Oskar Piloty, are two equivalents of an aldehyde and hydrazine. (wikipedia.org)
Regiocontrolled synthesis of pyrrole-2-carboxaldehydes and 3-pyrrolin-2-ones from pyrrole Weinreb amides. (sigmaaldrich.com)
A regiocontrolled synthesis of 3,4-disubstituted pyrrole-2-carboxaldehydes was completed in two steps from acyclic starting materials. (sigmaaldrich.com)
Methyl pyrrole-3-carboxylate is used as an organic chemical synthesis intermediate. (fishersci.ca)
The synthesis of C-substituted and N-substituted pyrrole is described by the reaction of phenacyl bromides, pentane-2, 4-dione and amine in aqueous medium using DABCO as a catalyst. (scirp.org)
The procedure is amenable for the synthesis of new substituted pyrroles. (scirp.org)
H. Meshram, V. Bangade, B. Reddy, G. Kumar and P. Thakur, "DABCO Promoted an Efficient and Convenient Synthesis of Pyrrole in Aqueous Medium," International Journal of Organic Chemistry , Vol. 2 No. 2, 2012, pp. 159-165. (scirp.org)
V. K. Alexander, A. W. Sromek and V. Gevorgyan, "A Novel Cu-Assisted Cycloisomerization of Alkynyl Imines: Efficient Synthesis of Pyrroles and Pyrrole-Containing Heterocycles," Journal of the American Chemical Society, Vol. 123, No. 9, 2001, pp. 2074-2075. (scirp.org)
J. T. Binder and S. F. Kirsch, "Synthesis of Highly Sub-stituted Pyrroles via a Mul-timetal-Catalyzed Rearrange- ment-Condensation-Cyclization Domino Approach," Organic Letters, Vol. 8, No. 10, 2001, pp. 2151-2153. (scirp.org)
S. N. Murthy, B. Madhav, A. V. Kumar, K. R. Rao and Y. V. D. Nageswar, "Multicomponent Approach Towards the Synthesis of Substituted Pyrroles under Supramolecular Catalysis Using b-Cyclodextrin as a Catalyst in Water Under Neutral Conditions," Helvetica Chimica Acta, Vol. 92, 2009, pp. 2118-2124. (scirp.org)
Singh, R. N. Eco-friendly synthesis, spectral and computational study of pyrrole-2-carboxaldehyde salicylhydrazone (PCSH) for its application. (alfa.com)
A green and practical method for the synthesis of 3-pyrrole-substituted 2-azetidinones using catalytic amounts of molecular iodine under microwave irradiation has been developed. (mdpi.com)
Pd, Ru, and Fe catalysis enable a general synthesis of 2-substituted pyrroles in overall good yields with only water and ethene as side-products. (organic-chemistry.org)
Herein, we report a new and facile method for the synthesis of 2,5-di and 2,3,5-trisubstituted pyrrole using intramolecular reductive cyclization of the easily accessible nitrodienes as starting material catalyzed by palladium complex and with carbon monoxide as a reductant. (omicsonline.org)
A facile and efficient protocol is reported for the synthesis of calix[4]pyrrolesand N-confused calix[4]pyrroles in moderate to excellent yields by reaction of dialkyl orcycloalkyl ketones with pyrrole catalyzed by reusable Amberlyst TM -15 under eco-friendlyconditions. (mdpi.com)
The classical Paal-Knorr reaction is one of the simplest and most economical methods for the synthesis of biologically important and pharmacologically useful pyrrole derivatives. (rsc.org)
The present procedure for the synthesis of N -(2-azetidinonyl) 2,5-disubstituted pyrroles (1,2,5-trisubstituted pyrroles ) has been accomplished by reacting 3-amino β-lactams and 2,5-hexanedione in the presence of bismuth nitrate pentahydrate as an ecofriendly catalyst using microwave irradiation under solvent free condition. (rsc.org)
Pyrrole and its derivatives are widely used as intermediates in synthesis of pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, dyes, photographic chemicals, perfumes and other organic compounds. (alliedacademies.org)
Synthesis of pyrrole derivatives and their utilization for the preparation of pyrolo-pyrimidine scaffold includes various synthetic approaches, one of which has been discussed below. (alliedacademies.org)
An alternative approach for the synthesis of various 2,5-bis (guanidinoaryl)-1-methyl-1H-pyrroles was proceeded from 1-methyl-1H-pyrrole via multi-step procedure and were evaluated for antifungal property. (alliedacademies.org)
Synthesis of 2,3-disubstituted pyrroles and pyridines from 3-halo-1-azaallylic anions. (ugent.be)
Synthesis of 2,3-disubstituted pyrrol. (ugent.be)
Aelterman W, De Kimpe N, TYVORSKII V, KULINKOVICH O. Synthesis of 2,3-disubstituted pyrroles and pyridines from 3-halo-1-azaallylic anions. (ugent.be)
Synthesis Structure and Complexation Properties of Partially and Completely Reduced meso-Octamethylporphyrinogens (Calix[4]pyrroles). (docme.ru)
Communications DOI: 10.1002/anie.200804937 Porphyrinoids Synthesis, Structure, and Complexation Properties of Partially and Completely Reduced meso-Octamethylporphyrinogens (Calix[4]pyrroles)** Valeria Blangy, Christoph Heiss, Vsevolod Khlebnikov, Christophe Letondor, Helen StoeckliEvans,* and Reinhard Neier* Many organic ligands used by nature in important biological processes[1?5] are formed by the condensation of simple starting materials. (docme.ru)

The pyrrole ring structure is a component of many biologically important compounds, including porphyrins, alkaloids, and certain amino acids. (dictionary.com)
To insure convergence in the least-squares adjustment of force constants, interaction constants were assumed transferable between the furan and pyrrole rings, and observed wave-numbers of the two compounds and their derivatives were used in a single adjustment. (cdc.gov)
Pyrrole pyridazine and pyridazinone compounds are described. (google.com)
This compound belongs to the class of organic compounds known as substituted pyrroles. (hmdb.ca)
These are heterocyclic compounds containing a pyrrole ring substituted at one or more positions. (hmdb.ca)
The slight variations observed in the pKa values of the thiophene compound compared to the pyrrol analogue revealed that neither of the two hetero atoms in the pyrrol or thiophene rings, of the two compounds, is involved in a hydrogen bond chelation. (scirp.org)
Many active compounds have been developed by amalgamation of different pharmacophores in a pyrrole ring system. (alliedacademies.org)
Few biologically active compounds containing pyrrole moiety. (alliedacademies.org)
5-Acetyl-3,4-dihydro-2H-pyrrole, also known as 2AP or APR, belongs to the class of organic compounds known as pyrrolines. (hmdb.ca)
These are organic compounds containing an indole, which is a bicyclic ring system made up of a six-membered benzene ring fused to a five-membered nitrogen-containing pyrrole ring. (drugbank.ca)
15?17] Forty years later the X-ray structure analysis of this class of compounds showed alternating conformations of the pyrrole rings in the solid state. (docme.ru)

Substituted derivatives are also called pyrroles, e.g. (wikipedia.org)
Pyrrole itself is not naturally occurring, but many of its derivatives are found in a variety of cofactors and natural products. (wikipedia.org)
A series of pyrrole and pyrrolopyrimidine derivatives were examined for their in vivo antihyperglycemic activity. (hindawi.com)
Motivated by the importance of this system and in continuation of our research efforts [ 26 - 30 ], we try to highlight aspects reported on the chemistry of some newly synthesized pyrrole and pyrrolopyrimidine derivatives and evaluate them for the antihyperglycemic activities. (hindawi.com)
Process for the preparation of 4-phenyl-pyrrole derivatives. (freepatentsonline.com)
A valence force field for furan and pyrrole and their deuterium and methyl derivatives. (cdc.gov)
A molecular vibrational analysis was carried out for furan and pyrrole and their deuterium and methyl derivatives to establish vibrational assignments for use in statistical thermodynamic calculations. (cdc.gov)
Four new alternating copolymers, P(CPD-T-DPPD), P(CPD-Se-DPPD), P(CPD-T-BDPPD) and P(CPD-Se-BDPPD), containing electron rich cyclopentadithiophene (CPD) and four different pyrrolo[3,4-c]pyrrole-1,3-dione (DPPD) derivatives (T-DPPD, Se-DPPD, T-BDPPD and Se-BDPPD) were prepared using Stille polymerization. (ingentaconnect.com)
The high affinities of these pyrrole derivatives relative to JWH-030 (1,R = C5H11) support the hypothesis that these pyrroles interact with the CB, receptor primarily by aromatic stacking. (rti.org)
In this review, attempts are made to disclose various tactical approaches to synthesize pyrrole and its derivatives. (alliedacademies.org)
Pyrrole and its derivatives are recognized to inhibit reverse transcriptase (human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1)) and cellular DNA polymerases protein kinases. (alliedacademies.org)
The reaction was initiated using benzoin, antipyrine amine and malononitrile which afforded pyrrole derivative 1 which was further utilized for the preparation of pyrrole derivatives using appropriate reagents and reaction conditions. (alliedacademies.org)
The pyrrole derivatives 2a-c were further converted to the corresponding pyrrole[2,3-d] pyrimidines [ 5 ]. (alliedacademies.org)

Pyrrole-imidazole polyamides (PIPs) are a class of polyamides have the ability to bind to minor grooves found in the DNA helix. (wikipedia.org)
Comparative analysis of DNA alkylation by conjugates between pyrrole-imidazole hairpin polyamides and chlorambucil or seco-CBI. (nii.ac.jp)
2016) Double β-alanine Substitutions Incorporated in 12-ring Pyrrole-Imidazole Polyamides for Lengthened DNA Minor Groove Recognition. (omicsonline.org)
Cyclooctyne-derivatized pyrrole-imidazole polyamides were immobilized on azide-modified glass substrates using microcontact printing and a strain-promoted azide-alkyne cycloaddition (SPAAC) reaction. (strath.ac.uk)

McCluskey, A. The influence of ionic liquids on the Knoevenagel condensation of 1H-pyrrole-2-carbaldehyde with phenyl acetonitriles - cytotoxic 3-substituted-(1H-pyrrol-2-yl)acrylonitriles. (alfa.com)
In the mol-ecule of the title compound, C 22 H 17 ClN 2 O 2 , the dihedral angles formed by the pyrrole ring with the quinoline and phenyl rings are 67.93 (8) and 28.40 (11)°, respectively. (pubmedcentralcanada.ca)

Substitution of pyrrole with alkyl substituents provides a more basic molecule-for example, tetramethylpyrrole has a conjugate acid pKa of +3.7. (wikipedia.org)
The product is a pyrrole with substituents at the 3 and 4 positions. (wikipedia.org)
In one modification, propionaldehyde is treated first with hydrazine and then with benzoyl chloride at high temperatures and assisted by microwave irradiation: Pyrroles bearing multiple substituents are obtained from the reaction of münchnones and alkynes. (wikipedia.org)
A series of quinone-pyrrole dyad polymers has been synthesized with a variety of quinone substituents, demonstrating the adjustability of quinone formal potentials by choice of substituents. (diva-portal.org)
Following this method, a series of 3-pyrrole- substituted 2-azetidinones have been synthesized with a variety of substituents at N-1 and at C-4. (mdpi.com)
The structural modifications involved the bioisosteric replacement of the pyrazole ring by a pyrrole ring and variations on the amine carbamoyl substituents. (csic.es)

Through structure-based drug design, two isomers of the APHA lead compound 1, the 3-(2-benzoyl-1-methyl-1H-pyrrol-4-yl)-N-hydroxy-2-propenamide 2 and the 3-(2-benzoyl-1-methyl-1H-pyrrol-5-yl)-N-hydroxy-2-propenamide 3 (iso-APHAs) were designed, synthesized and tested in murine leukemia cells as antiproliferative and cytodifferentiating agents. (nih.gov)
Cholesterol oxidase (ChOx) has been electrochemically entrapped onto p -toluene sulphonate (PTS) doped poly (pyrrole-co- N -methyl pyrrole) (1:1) on indium-tin-oxide (ITO) glass plates. (springer.com)

Pyrrole is a 5-membered aromatic heterocycle, like furan and thiophene. (wikipedia.org)
Pyrrole is prepared industrially by treatment of furan with ammonia in the presence of solid acid catalysts, like SiO2 and Al2O3. (wikipedia.org)

She diagnosed pyrrole disorder. (news.com.au)

It is used as a key starting material for the preparation of pyrrole -2-carboxylic acid by oxidation reaction. (alfa.com)

The electronic properties of pyrrole are important in the context of conducting polymers, where poly-pyrroles have found many useful applications. (omicsonline.org)
Herein, we investigate the kinetics of the redox processes occurring in acidic aqueous electrolyte in electropolymerized poly(pyrrol-3-ylhydroquinone), which has been proposed for electrical energy storage applications. (diva-portal.org)
In poly(pyrrol-3-ylhydroquinone), a polypyrrole derivative functionalized with hydroquinone units, the redox conversion of the pendant groups has a large impact on the polymer backbone. (diva-portal.org)

Pyrrole is a heterocyclic aromatic organic compound, a five-membered ring with the formula C4H4NH. (wikipedia.org)

Pyrrole disorder develops when there are too many pyrrole molecules in your body. (healthline.com)
Pyrrole molecules don't serve any important function in the body. (healthline.com)
If you have too many pyrrole molecules, you may experience noticeable shifts in mood. (healthline.com)
It's not uncommon for people with bipolar disorder to also have excess pyrrole molecules. (healthline.com)
While the kryptopyrrole test is the only medical diagnostic test to help determine the presence of pyrrole molecules in your system, your doctor may also evaluate your overall mental health. (healthline.com)
2-Azetidinones and pyrroles are two highly important classes of molecules in organic and medicinal chemistry. (mdpi.com)
Pyrrole nucleus is one of the most important heterocycles abundantly found in bioactive natural molecules, forming the characteristic subunit of heme, chlorophyll vitamin B12 as well as in melanin pigments. (omicsonline.org)
The present procedure for synthesizing N -(2-azetidinonyl) 2,5-disubstituted pyrroles may find application in the development of potent pharmacologically active molecules. (rsc.org)
Four molecules of the pyrrole porphobilinogen are condensed to form the linear tetrapyrrole preuro-porphyrinogen (hydroxymethylbilane). (iucr.org)
The pyrrole skeleton is an imperative structural framework found in extensive range of biologically active natural products and pharmaceutically active molecules. (alliedacademies.org)

18?20] For this reason the name calix[4]pyrroles was proposed as a trivial name for the meso-octaalkylporphyrinogens. (docme.ru)
19, 30, 31] To obtain Werner-type metal complexes from calix[4]pyrroles the ligand must be deprotonated using butyllithium. (docme.ru)

This brings selenophene more akin to pyrrole than thiophene, but the group -NH- in the molecule of pyrrole is an auxochrome. (dictionary.com)

Moreover, a series of quinone-pyrrole dyad polymers with various linkers was synthesized, showing that the choice of linker has a pronounced impact on the interactions between the PG and CP. (diva-portal.org)

designated as pyrrole-2-carboxylate monooxygenase belongs to the recently discovered new class of two-component flavin aromatic monooxygenases. (nih.gov)
All H-atoms were positioned geometrically and refined using a riding model with d(N-H) = 0.88 Å, U iso (H) = 1.2 U eq (C) for pyrrole N, d(C-H) = 0.95 Å, U iso (H) = 1.2 U eq (C) for aromatic C and d(C-H) = 0.99 Å, U iso (H) = 1.2 U eq (C) for CH 2 groups. (pubmedcentralcanada.ca)

This is the first example of a synthetic macrocyclic pyrrole-based receptor capable of transmembrane bicarbonate transport. (soton.ac.uk)

The Van Leusen reaction can be used to form pyrroles, by reaction of tosylmethyl isocyanide (TosMIC) with an enone in the presence of base, in a Michael addition. (wikipedia.org)
It undergoes condensation reaction to produce pyrrole-2-carboxaldehyde salicylhydrazone (PCSH). (alfa.com)
The mild reaction conditions of the palladium-copper coupling-isomerization reaction open a highly convergent, chromogenic route to blue emissive pyrroles in the sense of a consecutive four-component reaction. (frontiersin.org)
1. It has been suggested that 2-amino-6-(2-formyl-5-hydroxymethyl-pyrrol-l-yl)-hexanoic acid ('pyrraline') is formed as an advanced glycation end product in the Maillard reaction under physiological conditions. (portlandpress.com)

The value of this chemistry is demonstrated by its application to the tetrasubstituted pyrrole subunit of Atorvastatin. (biomedsearch.com)
Pyrrole and 2-azetidinone are two essential heterocyclic scaffolds, which are being broadly used in medicinal chemistry and drug discovery field. (rsc.org)

In this report we demonstrate the pharmacological richness of the pyrrole carboxamide library by the finding that 10 of 172 members inhibited human MKP-1. (aspetjournals.org)

By virtue of this strategy a phenol derivative can be readily accessed, which can be transformed in a level-2 transformation to a library of bichromophoric pyrrol-fluorophore conjugates by facile alkylation with fluorophore halides. (frontiersin.org)

5-Acetyl-3,4-dihydro-2H-pyrrole is a strong basic compound (based on its pKa). (hmdb.ca)
5-Acetyl-3,4-dihydro-2H-pyrrole is a sweet, ham, and nut tasting compound. (hmdb.ca)
A refined model of the colchicine site on tubulin was used to design an improved analog of the pyrrole parent compound, JG-03-14. (aspetjournals.org)

Biologically, pyrroles tend to construct the key structure of porphyrin rings, which act as an active moiety in chlorophyll, heme, vitamin B12 or bile pigments [ 2 ]. (alliedacademies.org)

Porphobilinogen, a trisubstituted pyrrole, is the biosynthetic precursor to many natural products such as heme. (wikipedia.org)

Two series of 1-alkyl-2-aryl-4-(1-naphthoyl)pyrroles were synthesized and their affinities for the cannabinoid CB, and CB2 receptors were determined. (rti.org)
42] Most efficient reductions of alkyl pyrroles require an acid as the solvent or as a component of the solvent mixture. (docme.ru)

Precursor labeling studies of some of these natural products have shown that L-proline can serve as the biosynthetic precursor for these moieties, including those found in coumermycin A 1 , pyoluteorin, and one of the pyrroles of undecylprodigiosin. (mendeley.com)

Pyrroles are components of more complex macrocycles, including the porphyrinogens and products derived therefrom, including porphyrins of heme, the chlorins, bacteriochlorins, and chlorophylls. (wikipedia.org)

An unnatural base pair between 7-(2-thienyl)-imidazo[4,5-b]pyridine (Ds) and pyrrole-2-carbaldehyde (Pa) could expand the genetic alphabet and allow the incorporation of non-standard amino acids into proteins at defined positions. (sigmaaldrich.com)

New Cyclic Heptapeptides and Pyrrole-Imidazole Alkaloids from the Caribbean Sponge Stylissa caribica. (awi.de)

Pyrrole can also be formed by catalytic dehydrogenation of pyrrolidine. (wikipedia.org)

undecylprodigiosin (5Z)-3-methoxy-5-pyrrol-2- ylidene-2-[(5. (wikigenes.org)

Some individuals may excrete more HPL (pyrroles) than others, which indicates a toxic level of the enzyme in their body. (healthline.com)
New pyrrole-based histone deacetylase inhibitors: binding mode, enzyme- and cell-based investigations. (nih.gov)
Two of the pyrrole carboxamides, PSI2106 and MDF2085, were especially notable in vitro inhibitors of recombinant human MKP-1 enzyme activity with IC 50 values of 8.0 ± 0.9 and 8.3 ± 0.8 μM, respectively. (aspetjournals.org)

Most methods for the preparation of indoles involve annulation of a benzene precursor, but the method reported herein is unusual in that pyrrole precursors are used. (whiterose.ac.uk)

Pyrrole is a privileged scaffold with assorted nature of biological activities. (alliedacademies.org)

The syntheses of pyrrole-containing haemin, synthesized by Hans Fischer was recognized by the Nobel Prize. (wikipedia.org)
Several syntheses of the pyrrole ring have been described. (wikipedia.org)

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Evaluation of the pyrrole insecticide chlorfenapyr against pyrethroid resistant and susceptible Anopheles funestus (Diptera: Culicidae). (www.gov.uk)

Two important DPP-IV inhibitors, having a pyrrole and fused pyrrole, vildaglipin, and saxagliptin [ 24 , 25 ], are on the market in many countries, as shown in Figure 2(b) . (hindawi.com)
The lack of readily available selective MKP-1 inhibitors has severely limited interrogation of its biological role and was one rationale for using a recently described tricyclic pyrrole-2-carboxamide library in our screening efforts. (aspetjournals.org)

Several medically and agriculturally important natural products contain pyrrole moieties. (mendeley.com)

Pyrrole-2-carboxylate can serve as the sole source of carbon, nitrogen, and energy for a strain tentatively identified to belong to the genus Rhodococcus. (nih.gov)

Two clinical examples of pyrroles displaying this pattern of substitution are amtolmetin and tolmetin (non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents). (omicsonline.org)

It is also used to prepare 4-Difluoro-4-bora-3a,4a-diaza-s-indacene (BODIPY dyes) through condensation with a pyrrole, which is an important probes for biotechnology and other applications. (alfa.com)

These intermediates are further converted to a wide range of polysubstituted pyrroles through double bond transposition and Alder-ene reactions. (organic-chemistry.org)
Density Functional Theory (DFT) studies suggest that these reactions proceed via initial activation of the pyrrole C-3 position before undergoing subsequent rearrangement, contradicting the conventional wisdom that pyrroles are more nucleophilic through C-2. (whiterose.ac.uk)

Pyrrole was first detected by F. F. Runge in 1834, as a constituent of coal tar. (wikipedia.org)

Pyrroles can be prepared by silver-catalyzed cyclization of alkynes with isonitriles, where R2 is an electron-withdrawing group, and R1 is an alkane, aryl group, or ester. (wikipedia.org)

Organisms2

Chemicals and Drugs43

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment11

Phenomena and Processes14

Disciplines and Occupations3

Technology, Industry, Agriculture2

Geographicals1

Prior exposure to neurotrophins blocks inhibition of axonal regeneration by MAG and myelin via a cAMP-dependent mechanism. (1/4084)

Increased lipophilicity and subsequent cell partitioning decrease passive transcellular diffusion of novel, highly lipophilic antioxidants. (2/4084)

Involvement of phosphodiesterase-cGMP-PKG pathway in intracellular Ca2+ oscillations in pituitary GH3 cells. (3/4084)

Characterization of a novel, non-peptidyl antagonist of the human glucagon receptor. (4/4084)

Characterization of the pyoluteorin biosynthetic gene cluster of Pseudomonas fluorescens Pf-5. (5/4084)

Promotion of antibiotic production by high ethanol, high NaCl concentration, or heat shock in Pseudomonas fluorescens S272. (6/4084)

Peripheral urocortin delays gastric emptying: role of CRF receptor 2. (7/4084)

Inhibition of PC-3 human androgen-independent prostate cancer and its metastases by cytotoxic somatostatin analogue AN-238. (8/4084)

Pyrroles

Calixarenes

Nylons

Porphyrins

Molecular Structure

Distamycins

Hexanes

Pyrrolizidine Alkaloids

Benzaldehydes

Monocrotaline

Palladium

Hexanones

Imines

Heterocyclic Compounds

Cyclization

Pyrrolnitrin

Furans

Rhodium

Netropsin

Alkylation

Catalysis

Bile Pigments

Palau

Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy

Agelas

Microwaves

Stereoisomerism

Phosphines

Biliverdine

Ketones

Molecular Conformation

Alkynes

Polymers

Models, Molecular

Anions

Peplomycin

Indoles

Alkenes

Ferricyanides

Aldehydes

Organometallic Compounds

Heme

Etomidate

Protoporphyrins

Vinyl Compounds

Quantum Theory

Amines

Electrochemistry

Porifera

Imidazoles

Hydrogen Bonding

Binding Sites

Structure-Activity Relationship

Spectrum Analysis, Raman

Amides

Crystallography, X-Ray

Alkaloids

Electrodes

Indicators and Reagents

DNA

Spectrophotometry

G-Quadruplexes

Thermodynamics

Calorimetry

Isomerism

Oxides

Models, Chemical

Oxidation-Reduction

Solvents

Spectrum Analysis

Chromatography, Gas

Ions

Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid

Chemistry

Prior exposure to neurotrophins blocks inhibition of axonal regeneration by MAG and myelin via a cAMP-dependent mechanism. (1/4084)

Increased lipophilicity and subsequent cell partitioning decrease passive transcellular diffusion of novel, highly lipophilic antioxidants. (2/4084)

Involvement of phosphodiesterase-cGMP-PKG pathway in intracellular Ca2+ oscillations in pituitary GH3 cells. (3/4084)

Characterization of a novel, non-peptidyl antagonist of the human glucagon receptor. (4/4084)

Characterization of the pyoluteorin biosynthetic gene cluster of Pseudomonas fluorescens Pf-5. (5/4084)

Promotion of antibiotic production by high ethanol, high NaCl concentration, or heat shock in Pseudomonas fluorescens S272. (6/4084)