Pyrimidines
Pyrimidine Nucleotides
Pyrimidine Dimers
Pyrimidine Nucleosides
Deoxyribonuclease (Pyrimidine Dimer)
Pyrimidine Phosphorylases
Orotate Phosphoribosyltransferase
Ultraviolet Rays
That portion of the electromagnetic spectrum immediately below the visible range and extending into the x-ray frequencies. The longer wavelengths (near-UV or biotic or vital rays) are necessary for the endogenous synthesis of vitamin D and are also called antirachitic rays; the shorter, ionizing wavelengths (far-UV or abiotic or extravital rays) are viricidal, bactericidal, mutagenic, and carcinogenic and are used as disinfectants.
Purines
Dihydroorotase
Deoxyribodipyrimidine Photo-Lyase
Aspartate Carbamoyltransferase
Purine Nucleotides
Carbamoyl-Phosphate Synthase (Glutamine-Hydrolyzing)
Orotidine-5'-Phosphate Decarboxylase
Uridine Phosphorylase
Cytidine
Dihydroorotate Oxidase
An enzyme that in the course of pyrimidine biosynthesis, catalyzes the oxidation of dihydro-orotic acid to orotic acid utilizing oxygen as the electron acceptor. This enzyme is a flavoprotein which contains both FLAVIN-ADENINE DINUCLEOTIDE and FLAVIN MONONUCLEOTIDE as well as iron-sulfur centers. EC 1.3.3.1.
Uridine Kinase
Pentosyltransferases
Nucleosides
Uridine Monophosphate
DNA Repair
The reconstruction of a continuous two-stranded DNA molecule without mismatch from a molecule which contained damaged regions. The major repair mechanisms are excision repair, in which defective regions in one strand are excised and resynthesized using the complementary base pairing information in the intact strand; photoreactivation repair, in which the lethal and mutagenic effects of ultraviolet light are eliminated; and post-replication repair, in which the primary lesions are not repaired, but the gaps in one daughter duplex are filled in by incorporation of portions of the other (undamaged) daughter duplex. Excision repair and post-replication repair are sometimes referred to as "dark repair" because they do not require light.
Uridine Triphosphate
DNA
A deoxyribonucleotide polymer that is the primary genetic material of all cells. Eukaryotic and prokaryotic organisms normally contain DNA in a double-stranded state, yet several important biological processes transiently involve single-stranded regions. DNA, which consists of a polysugar-phosphate backbone possessing projections of purines (adenine and guanine) and pyrimidines (thymine and cytosine), forms a double helix that is held together by hydrogen bonds between these purines and pyrimidines (adenine to thymine and guanine to cytosine).
Deoxyuridine
Base Sequence
Ribonucleosides
Nucleotides
Carbamyl Phosphate
Nucleic Acid Conformation
Oxidoreductases Acting on CH-CH Group Donors
Escherichia coli
A species of gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic, rod-shaped bacteria (GRAM-NEGATIVE FACULTATIVELY ANAEROBIC RODS) commonly found in the lower part of the intestine of warm-blooded animals. It is usually nonpathogenic, but some strains are known to produce DIARRHEA and pyogenic infections. Pathogenic strains (virotypes) are classified by their specific pathogenic mechanisms such as toxins (ENTEROTOXIGENIC ESCHERICHIA COLI), etc.
Azauridine
Molecular Sequence Data
Descriptions of specific amino acid, carbohydrate, or nucleotide sequences which have appeared in the published literature and/or are deposited in and maintained by databanks such as GENBANK, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), National Biomedical Research Foundation (NBRF), or other sequence repositories.
DNA Damage
Injuries to DNA that introduce deviations from its normal, intact structure and which may, if left unrepaired, result in a MUTATION or a block of DNA REPLICATION. These deviations may be caused by physical or chemical agents and occur by natural or unnatural, introduced circumstances. They include the introduction of illegitimate bases during replication or by deamination or other modification of bases; the loss of a base from the DNA backbone leaving an abasic site; single-strand breaks; double strand breaks; and intrastrand (PYRIMIDINE DIMERS) or interstrand crosslinking. Damage can often be repaired (DNA REPAIR). If the damage is extensive, it can induce APOPTOSIS.
N-Glycosyl Hydrolases
Endodeoxyribonucleases
Cytidine Triphosphate
Dihydrouracil Dehydrogenase (NADP)
Nucleotidases
Phosphoribosyl Pyrophosphate
5'-Nucleotidase
Oligonucleotides
Mutation
Ribonucleotides
Deoxycytidine Monophosphate
Xeroderma Pigmentosum
Substrate Specificity
Molecular Structure
Phosphonoacetic Acid
Floxuridine
An antineoplastic antimetabolite that is metabolized to fluorouracil when administered by rapid injection; when administered by slow, continuous, intra-arterial infusion, it is converted to floxuridine monophosphate. It has been used to treat hepatic metastases of gastrointestinal adenocarcinomas and for palliation in malignant neoplasms of the liver and gastrointestinal tract.
Structure-Activity Relationship
Folic Acid Antagonists
Oligodeoxyribonucleotides
DCMP Deaminase
Guanosine
DNA Glycosylases
A family of DNA repair enzymes that recognize damaged nucleotide bases and remove them by hydrolyzing the N-glycosidic bond that attaches them to the sugar backbone of the DNA molecule. The process called BASE EXCISION REPAIR can be completed by a DNA-(APURINIC OR APYRIMIDINIC SITE) LYASE which excises the remaining RIBOSE sugar from the DNA.
Radiation Effects
Thymine Nucleotides
Phosphotransferases
Bromouracil
Nucleoside Transport Proteins
Carbamoyl-Phosphate Synthase (Ammonia)
3-Deazauridine
Isoxazoles
Thymidine Monophosphate
Models, Molecular
Uridine Diphosphate
Micrococcus
Endonucleases
Thymidylate Synthase
Nucleoside-Phosphate Kinase
Dose-Response Relationship, Radiation
Aspartic Acid
Deoxyribonucleotides
Base Pairing
Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy
Bromodeoxycytidine
Binding Sites
Hypoxanthines
Nucleotide Transport Proteins
Ornithine Carbamoyltransferase
Oxidoreductases
The class of all enzymes catalyzing oxidoreduction reactions. The substrate that is oxidized is regarded as a hydrogen donor. The systematic name is based on donor:acceptor oxidoreductase. The recommended name will be dehydrogenase, wherever this is possible; as an alternative, reductase can be used. Oxidase is only used in cases where O2 is the acceptor. (Enzyme Nomenclature, 1992, p9)
RNA
A polynucleotide consisting essentially of chains with a repeating backbone of phosphate and ribose units to which nitrogenous bases are attached. RNA is unique among biological macromolecules in that it can encode genetic information, serve as an abundant structural component of cells, and also possesses catalytic activity. (Rieger et al., Glossary of Genetics: Classical and Molecular, 5th ed)
Amino Acid Sequence
Formycins
Thymidine Kinase
Pneumocystis carinii
Hydrogen Bonding
Tetrahydrofolate Dehydrogenase
An enzyme of the oxidoreductase class that catalyzes the reaction 7,8-dihyrofolate and NADPH to yield 5,6,7,8-tetrahydrofolate and NADPH+, producing reduced folate for amino acid metabolism, purine ring synthesis, and the formation of deoxythymidine monophosphate. Methotrexate and other folic acid antagonists used as chemotherapeutic drugs act by inhibiting this enzyme. (Dorland, 27th ed) EC 1.5.1.3.
Transcription, Genetic
Deoxyribonuclease IV (Phage T4-Induced)
Enzyme Repression
Polydeoxyribonucleotides
Psoralens
Thymidine Phosphorylase
Radiation Genetics
Carbamates
Derivatives of carbamic acid, H2NC(=O)OH. Included under this heading are N-substituted and O-substituted carbamic acids. In general carbamate esters are referred to as urethanes, and polymers that include repeating units of carbamate are referred to as POLYURETHANES. Note however that polyurethanes are derived from the polymerization of ISOCYANATES and the singular term URETHANE refers to the ethyl ester of carbamic acid.
Oligoribonucleotides
DNA-Directed DNA Polymerase
DNA-dependent DNA polymerases found in bacteria, animal and plant cells. During the replication process, these enzymes catalyze the addition of deoxyribonucleotide residues to the end of a DNA strand in the presence of DNA as template-primer. They also possess exonuclease activity and therefore function in DNA repair.
Lyases
Hypoxanthine
Trifluridine
Idoxuridine
Crystallography, X-Ray
Fluorouracil
Transferases
Transferases are enzymes transferring a group, for example, the methyl group or a glycosyl group, from one compound (generally regarded as donor) to another compound (generally regarded as acceptor). The classification is based on the scheme "donor:acceptor group transferase". (Enzyme Nomenclature, 1992) EC 2.
Thioinosine
Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid
Adenosine Triphosphate
Nucleic Acid Heteroduplexes
Double-stranded nucleic acid molecules (DNA-DNA or DNA-RNA) which contain regions of nucleotide mismatches (non-complementary). In vivo, these heteroduplexes can result from mutation or genetic recombination; in vitro, they are formed by nucleic acid hybridization. Electron microscopic analysis of the resulting heteroduplexes facilitates the mapping of regions of base sequence homology of nucleic acids.
T-Phages
A series of 7 virulent phages which infect E. coli. The T-even phages T2, T4; (BACTERIOPHAGE T4), and T6, and the phage T5 are called "autonomously virulent" because they cause cessation of all bacterial metabolism on infection. Phages T1, T3; (BACTERIOPHAGE T3), and T7; (BACTERIOPHAGE T7) are called "dependent virulent" because they depend on continued bacterial metabolism during the lytic cycle. The T-even phages contain 5-hydroxymethylcytosine in place of ordinary cytosine in their DNA.
Erythema
Plasmids
Adenosine
Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet
Adenine Phosphoribosyltransferase
Deoxyadenosines
Multienzyme Complexes
Inosine
A purine nucleoside that has hypoxanthine linked by the N9 nitrogen to the C1 carbon of ribose. It is an intermediate in the degradation of purines and purine nucleosides to uric acid and in pathways of purine salvage. It also occurs in the anticodon of certain transfer RNA molecules. (Dorland, 28th ed)
DNA-Formamidopyrimidine Glycosylase
Deoxycytidine Kinase
An enzyme that catalyzes reversibly the phosphorylation of deoxycytidine with the formation of a nucleoside diphosphate and deoxycytidine monophosphate. Cytosine arabinoside can also act as an acceptor. All natural nucleoside triphosphates, except deoxycytidine triphosphate, can act as donors. The enzyme is induced by some viruses, particularly the herpes simplex virus (HERPESVIRUS HOMINIS). EC 2.7.1.74.
Genetics, Microbial
Heterocyclic Compounds, 2-Ring
Dihydropyrimidine Dehydrogenase Deficiency
An autosomal recessive disorder affecting DIHYDROPYRIMIDINE DEHYDROGENASE and causing familial pyrimidinemia. It is characterized by thymine-uraciluria in homozygous deficient patients. Even a partial deficiency in the enzyme leaves individuals at risk for developing severe 5-FLUOROURACIL-associated toxicity.
Hydrogen-Ion Concentration
Pyrazoles
Polypyrimidine Tract-Binding Protein
A RNA-binding protein that binds to polypyriminidine rich regions in the INTRONS of messenger RNAs. Polypyrimidine tract-binding protein may be involved in regulating the ALTERNATIVE SPLICING of mRNAs since its presence on an intronic RNA region that is upstream of an EXON inhibits the splicing of the exon into the final mRNA product.
Formates
Salmonella typhimurium
DNA-(Apurinic or Apyrimidinic Site) Lyase
A DNA repair enzyme that catalyses the excision of ribose residues at apurinic and apyrimidinic DNA sites that can result from the action of DNA GLYCOSYLASES. The enzyme catalyzes a beta-elimination reaction in which the C-O-P bond 3' to the apurinic or apyrimidinic site in DNA is broken, leaving a 3'-terminal unsaturated sugar and a product with a terminal 5'-phosphate. This enzyme was previously listed under EC 3.1.25.2.
Enzyme Inhibitors
Xeroderma Pigmentosum Group A Protein
Cricetinae
Cells, Cultured
Thermodynamics
A rigorously mathematical analysis of energy relationships (heat, work, temperature, and equilibrium). It describes systems whose states are determined by thermal parameters, such as temperature, in addition to mechanical and electromagnetic parameters. (From Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary, 12th ed)
5-Methylcytosine
Catalysis
Cloning, Molecular
Carbon Isotopes
Antiviral Agents
Agents used in the prophylaxis or therapy of VIRUS DISEASES. Some of the ways they may act include preventing viral replication by inhibiting viral DNA polymerase; binding to specific cell-surface receptors and inhibiting viral penetration or uncoating; inhibiting viral protein synthesis; or blocking late stages of virus assembly.
Organophosphorus Compounds
Intercalating Agents
Stereoisomerism
Cell-Free System
A fractionated cell extract that maintains a biological function. A subcellular fraction isolated by ultracentrifugation or other separation techniques must first be isolated so that a process can be studied free from all of the complex side reactions that occur in a cell. The cell-free system is therefore widely used in cell biology. (From Alberts et al., Molecular Biology of the Cell, 2d ed, p166)
HeLa Cells
Adenosine Kinase
Tubercidin
Hydrocarbons, Acyclic
Nucleic Acids
Chemistry
Proton-Coupled Folate Transporter
Single-Strand Specific DNA and RNA Endonucleases
Enzymes that catalyze the endonucleolytic cleavage of single-stranded regions of DNA or RNA molecules while leaving the double-stranded regions intact. They are particularly useful in the laboratory for producing "blunt-ended" DNA molecules from DNA with single-stranded ends and for sensitive GENETIC TECHNIQUES such as NUCLEASE PROTECTION ASSAYS that involve the detection of single-stranded DNA and RNA.
Carbon Radioisotopes
Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Chemical Phenomena
Cytidine Monophosphate
Protein Binding
Activation of c-Abl tyrosine kinase requires caspase activation and is not involved in JNK/SAPK activation during apoptosis of human monocytic leukemia U937 cells. (1/8131)
Genotoxic stress triggers the activation of several sensor molecules, such as p53, JNK1/SAPK and c-Abl, and occasionally promotes the cells to apoptosis. We previously reported that JNK1/SAPK regulates genotoxic stress-induced apoptosis in p53-negative U937 cells by activating caspases. c-Abl is expected to act upstream of JNK1/SAPK activation upon treatment with genotoxic stressors, but its involvement in apoptosis development is still unclear. We herein investigated the kinase activities of c-Abl and JNK1/SAPK during apoptosis elicited by genotoxic anticancer drugs and tumor necrosis factor (TNF) in U937 cells and their apoptosis-resistant variant UK711 cells. We found that the activation of JNK1/SAPK and c-Abl correlated well with apoptosis development in these cell lines. Unexpectedly, however, the JNK1/SAPK activation preceded the c-Abl activation. Moreover, the caspase inhibitor Z-Asp suppressed c-Abl activation and the onset of apoptosis but not the JNK1/SAPK activation. Interestingly, c-Abl tyrosine kinase inhibition by CGP 57148 reduced apoptosis without interfering with JNK1/SAPK activation. These results indicate that c-Abl acts not upstream of JNK1/ SAPK but downstream of caspases during the development of p53-independent apoptosis and is possibly involved in accelerating execution of the cell death pathway. (+info)Selection and characterization of pre-mRNA splicing enhancers: identification of novel SR protein-specific enhancer sequences. (2/8131)
Splicing enhancers are RNA sequences required for accurate splice site recognition and the control of alternative splicing. In this study, we used an in vitro selection procedure to identify and characterize novel RNA sequences capable of functioning as pre-mRNA splicing enhancers. Randomized 18-nucleotide RNA sequences were inserted downstream from a Drosophila doublesex pre-mRNA enhancer-dependent splicing substrate. Functional splicing enhancers were then selected by multiple rounds of in vitro splicing in nuclear extracts, reverse transcription, and selective PCR amplification of the spliced products. Characterization of the selected splicing enhancers revealed a highly heterogeneous population of sequences, but we identified six classes of recurring degenerate sequence motifs five to seven nucleotides in length including novel splicing enhancer sequence motifs. Analysis of selected splicing enhancer elements and other enhancers in S100 complementation assays led to the identification of individual enhancers capable of being activated by specific serine/arginine (SR)-rich splicing factors (SC35, 9G8, and SF2/ASF). In addition, a potent splicing enhancer sequence isolated in the selection specifically binds a 20-kDa SR protein. This enhancer sequence has a high level of sequence homology with a recently identified RNA-protein adduct that can be immunoprecipitated with an SRp20-specific antibody. We conclude that distinct classes of selected enhancers are activated by specific SR proteins, but there is considerable sequence degeneracy within each class. The results presented here, in conjunction with previous studies, reveal a remarkably broad spectrum of RNA sequences capable of binding specific SR proteins and/or functioning as SR-specific splicing enhancers. (+info)Base excision repair of oxidative DNA damage activated by XPG protein. (3/8131)
Oxidized pyrimidines in DNA are removed by a distinct base excision repair pathway initiated by the DNA glycosylase--AP lyase hNth1 in human cells. We have reconstituted this single-residue replacement pathway with recombinant proteins, including the AP endonuclease HAP1/APE, DNA polymerase beta, and DNA ligase III-XRCC1 heterodimer. With these proteins, the nucleotide excision repair enzyme XPG serves as a cofactor for the efficient function of hNth1. XPG protein promotes binding of hNth1 to damaged DNA. The stimulation of hNth1 activity is retained in XPG catalytic site mutants inactive in nucleotide excision repair. The data support the model that development of Cockayne syndrome in XP-G patients is related to inefficient excision of endogenous oxidative DNA damage. (+info)A correlation between changes in gamma-aminobutyric acid metabolism and seizures induced by antivitamin B6. (4/8131)
The effects of DL-penicillamine (DL-PeA), hydrazine and toxopyrimidine (TXP, 2-methyl-6-amino-5-hydroxymethylpyrimidine) on gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) metabolism in mouse brain were studied. All these compounds inhibited the activity of glutamate decarboxylase [EC 4.1.1.15] (GAD) and slightly inhibited that of 4-aminobutyrate: 2-oxoglutarate aminotransferase [EC 2.6.1.19] (GABA-T). In contrast, very different effects were observed on GABA levels; hydrazine caused a marked increase, DL-PeA had no effect, and TXP caused a slight decrease in the content of the amino acid. These results could be described by an equation which related the excitable state to changes in the flux of the GABA bypass. Since the values obtained from the equation clearly reflect the seizure activity, it is suggested that the decreased GABA flux might be a cause of convulsions induced by these drugs. (+info)Selective antiaggressive effects of alnespirone in resident-intruder test are mediated via 5-hydroxytryptamine1A receptors: A comparative pharmacological study with 8-hydroxy-2-dipropylaminotetralin, ipsapirone, buspirone, eltoprazine, and WAY-100635. (5/8131)
The present study characterized the effects of the novel, selective, and potent 5-hydroxytryptamine1A (serotonin) (5-HT1A) receptor agonist, alnespirone [S-20499, (S)-N-4-[5-methoxychroman-3-yl)propylamino)butyl- 8-azaspiro-(4,5)-diacetamide, hydrochloride] on offensive and defensive resident-intruder aggression in wild-type rats and compared its actions with those of the prototypical full 5-HT1A agonist 8-hydroxy-2- dipropylaminotetralin (8-OH-DPAT), the partial 5-HT1A agonists ipsapirone and buspirone, and the mixed 5-HT1A/1B agonist eltoprazine. All five agonists exerted effective dose-dependent decreases of offensive aggressive behavior in resident rats; 8-OH-DPAT was the most potent (ID50 = 0.074 mg/kg), followed by eltoprazine (0.24), buspirone (0.72), ipsapirone (1.08), and alnespirone (1.24). However, in terms of selectivity of the antiaggressive effects as determined by the absence of decrements in social interest and general motor activity, alnespirone appeared to be superior. In the defensive aggression test, neither alnespirone nor any of the other four agonists changed defensive behaviors in the intruder rats. The involvement of 5-HT1A receptors in the antiaggressive actions of these drugs was confirmed by showing that the selective 5-HT1A receptor antagonist WAY-100635 (N-[2-[4-(2-methoxyphenyl)-1-piperazinyl]ethyl]-N-(2- pyridinyl)cyclohexanecarboxamide trihydrochloride), which was inactive alone, fully prevented the antiaggressive effects of alnespirone, 8-OH-DPAT, and buspirone and partly reversed those of ipsapirone and eltoprazine. The data clearly indicate that alnespirone effectively suppresses offensive aggression with an advantageous profile of action compared with other full or partial 5-HT1A agonists. These selective antiaggressive actions of alnespirone are mediated by stimulating 5-HT1A receptors, presumably the somatodendritic autoreceptors at the raphe nuclei. Furthermore, the data provide evidence for a major involvement of these 5-HT1A receptors in the modulation of aggressive behavior by 8-OH-DPAT, ipsapirone, buspirone, and eltoprazine. (+info)Increased lipophilicity and subsequent cell partitioning decrease passive transcellular diffusion of novel, highly lipophilic antioxidants. (6/8131)
Oxidative stress is considered a cause or propagator of acute and chronic disorders of the central nervous system. Novel 2, 4-diamino-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidines are potent inhibitors of iron-dependent lipid peroxidation, are cytoprotective in cell culture models of oxidative injury, and are neuroprotective in brain injury and ischemia models. The selection of lead candidates from this series required that they reach target cells deep within brain tissue in efficacious amounts after oral dosing. A homologous series of 26 highly lipophilic pyrrolopyrimidines was examined using cultured cell monolayers to understand the structure-permeability relationship and to use this information to predict brain penetration and residence time. Pyrrolopyrimidines were shown to be a more permeable structural class of membrane-interactive antioxidants where transepithelial permeability was inversely related to lipophilicity or to cell partitioning. Pyrrole substitutions influence cell partitioning where bulky hydrophobic groups increased partitioning and decreased permeability and smaller hydrophobic groups and more hydrophilic groups, especially those capable of weak hydrogen bonding, decreased partitioning, and increased permeability. Transmonolayer diffusion for these membrane-interactive antioxidants was limited mostly by desorption from the receiver-side membrane into the buffer. Thus, in this case, these in vitro cell monolayer models do not adequately mimic the in vivo situation by underestimating in vivo bioavailability of highly lipophilic compounds unless acceptors, such as serum proteins, are added to the receiving buffer. (+info)Novel, highly lipophilic antioxidants readily diffuse across the blood-brain barrier and access intracellular sites. (7/8131)
In an accompanying article, an in vitro assay for permeability predicts that membrane-protective, antioxidant 2,4-diamino-pyrrolo[2, 3-d]pyrimidines should have improved blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeation over previously described lipophilic antioxidants. Using a first-pass extraction method and brain/plasma quantification, we show here that two of the pyrrolopyrimidines, one of which is markedly less permeable, readily partition into rat brain. The efficiency of extraction was dependent on serum protein binding, and in situ efflux confirms the in vitro data showing that PNU-87663 is retained in brain longer than PNU-89843. By exploiting inherent fluorescence properties of PNU-87663, its distribution within brain and within cells in culture was demonstrated using confocal scanning laser microscopy. PNU-87663 rapidly partitioned into the cell membrane and equilibrates with cytoplasmic compartments via passive diffusion. Although partitioning of PNU-87663 favors intracytoplasmic lipid storage droplets, the compound was readily exchangeable as shown by efflux of compound from cells to buffer when protein was present. The results demonstrated that pyrrolopyrimidines were well suited for quickly accessing target cells within the central nervous system as well as in other target tissues. (+info)Channeling of carbamoyl phosphate to the pyrimidine and arginine biosynthetic pathways in the deep sea hyperthermophilic archaeon Pyrococcus abyssi. (8/8131)
The kinetics of the coupled reactions between carbamoyl-phosphate synthetase (CPSase) and both aspartate transcarbamoylase (ATCase) and ornithine transcarbamoylase (OTCase) from the deep sea hyperthermophilic archaeon Pyrococcus abyssi demonstrate the existence of carbamoyl phosphate channeling in both the pyrimidine and arginine biosynthetic pathways. Isotopic dilution experiments and coupled reaction kinetics analyzed within the context of the formalism proposed by Ovadi et al. (Ovadi, J., Tompa, P., Vertessy, B., Orosz, F., Keleti, T., and Welch, G. R. (1989) Biochem. J. 257, 187-190) are consistent with a partial channeling of the intermediate at 37 degrees C, but channeling efficiency increases dramatically at elevated temperatures. There is no preferential partitioning of carbamoyl phosphate between the arginine and pyrimidine biosynthetic pathways. Gel filtration chromatography at high and low temperature and in the presence and absence of substrates did not reveal stable complexes between P. abyssi CPSase and either ATCase or OTCase. Thus, channeling must occur during the dynamic association of coupled enzymes pairs. The interaction of CPSase-ATCase was further demonstrated by the unexpectedly weak inhibition of the coupled reaction by the bisubstrate analog, N-(phosphonacetyl)-L-aspartate (PALA). The anomalous effect of PALA suggests that, in the coupled reaction, the effective concentration of carbamoyl phosphate in the vicinity of the ATCase active site is 96-fold higher than the concentration in the bulk phase. Channeling probably plays an essential role in protecting this very unstable intermediate of metabolic pathways performing at extreme temperatures. (+info)
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Design and Synthesis of New Benzimidazole and Pyrimidine Derivatives as α-glucosidase Inhibitor
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Therapeutic options against BCR-ABL1 T315I-positive chronic myelogenous leukemia<...
CAS 871266-93-2 N7-(4-Methoxyphenyl)-n2-phenylthiazolo[5,4-d]pyrimidine-2,7-diamine - BOC Sciences
Molecular pathology of tumor-initiating cells: Lessons from Philadelphia chromosome-positive leukemia - Naka - 2011 - Pathology...
4-{[(2,3-dimethoxyphenyl)methyl]amino}-N-(1,4-dioxan-2-ylmethyl)-5-methylthieno[2,3-d]pyrimidine-6-carboxamide Properties,...
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Clonal expansion of T/NK-cells during tyrosine kinase inhibitor dasatinib therapy
Novartis drug Tasigna® is approved by FDA as first and only CML therapy with Treatment-free Remission data in its label |...
Clinical Strategies to Achieve an Early and Successful Response to Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor Therapy
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pyrimidine metabolism ppt
Microwave-assisted and conventional synthesis of benzothieno [3,2-e] [1,3,4] triazolo[4,3-c]pyrimidines: A comparative study<...
pyrimidine bases definition
7H-Pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidine-6-carboxamide, 2-chloro-7-cyclopentyl-N-methyl( 1211444-14-2 ),CN Buy Information ChemCD index
Primary imatinib failure rescued by dasatinib and maintained by reintroduction of imatinib | Revista Brasileira de Hematologia...
1,3-dimethylpyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidine-2,4,7(1H,3H,8H)-trione | C9H9N3O3 - ChemSynthesis
Dasatinib-induced pulmonary hypertension in chronic myelogenous leukaemia. - Semantic Scholar
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US Patent for Fused pyrimidine compounds and their use as pharmaceuticals Patent (Patent # 5,571,813 issued November 5, 1996) ...
Deep molecular response (MR4.5) as a target of therapy with tyrosine kinase inhibitors. MR4.5 - goal of CML treatment -...
purine and pyrimidine bonds
5-Fluor-2-desoxyuridin | 50-91-9
ChemIDplus - 127945-86-2 - UVWCAXPTMMSDLT-UHFFFAOYSA-N - 7H-Pyrrolo(2,3-d)pyrimidine-5-carbonitrile, 4-amino-7-((2-hydroxy-1-...
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1-(4-Chlorophenyl)-N-{2-[6-(methylsulfanyl)-4-(propylamino)-1H-pyrazolo[3,4-d]pyrimidin-1-yl]ethyl}-5-oxo-3...
5,10-Methylenetetrahydrofolate
Pyrimidine biosynthesis[edit]. It is the one-carbon donor for thymidylate synthase, for methylation of 2-deoxy-uridine-5- ...
Nucleotide salvage
Pyrimidines[edit]. Uridine phosphorylase or pyrimidine-nucleoside phosphorylase adds ribose 1-phosphate to the free base uracil ... A salvage pathway is a pathway in which nucleotides (purine and pyrimidine) are synthesized from intermediates in the ... Thymidine phosphorylase or pyrimidine-nucleoside phosphorylase adds 2-deoxy-alpha-D-ribose 1-phosphate to thymine, forming ...
Nucleic acid metabolism
... a pyrimidine nucleotide, is an inhibitor of pyrimidine synthesis. This regulation helps to keep the purine/pyrimidine amounts ... Pyrimidine nucleotides include cytidine, uridine, and thymidine. The synthesis of any pyrimidine nucleotide begins with the ... Pyrimidine synthesis[edit]. Uridine-triphosphate (UTP), at left, reacts with glutamine and other chemicals to form cytidine- ... Pyrimidine catabolism[edit]. Cytosine and uracil are converted into beta-alanine and later to malonyl-CoA which is needed for ...
Divicine
Pyrimidines. Part XIII. Electrophilic substitution at position 6 and a synthesis of divicine (2,4-diamino-5,6- ... Bendich, C. (1953). "A revision of the structural formulation of vicine and its pyrimidine aglucone, divicine". Biochim. ...
DNA
The complementary nitrogenous bases are divided into two groups, pyrimidines and purines. In DNA, the pyrimidines are thymine ... and the pyrimidines, the six-membered rings C and T. A fifth pyrimidine nucleobase, uracil (U), usually takes the place of ... such as pyrimidine, found in meteorites. Pyrimidine, like polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), the most carbon-rich ... For example, UV light can damage DNA by producing thymine dimers, which are cross-links between pyrimidine bases. On the other ...
Uracil
... such as pyrimidine, found in meteorites. Pyrimidine, like polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), the most carbon-rich ... Uracil is a common and naturally occurring pyrimidine derivative. The name "uracil" was coined in 1885 by the German chemist ... Brown DJ, Evans RF, Cowden WB, Fenn MD (1994). Taylor EC (ed.). The Pyrimidines. Heterocyclic Compounds. 52. New York, NY: ... NASA scientists reported having reproduced uracil from pyrimidine by exposing it to ultraviolet light under space-like ...
Biginelli reaction
Folkers, K.; Harwood, H. J.; Johnson, T. B. (1932). "Researches on Pyrimidines. Cxxx. Synthesis of 2-Keto-1,2,3,4- ... Folkers, K.; Johnson, T. B. (1933). "Researches on Pyrimidines. CXXXVI. The Mechanism of Formation of Tetrahydropyrimidines by ...
Theoretical astronomy
... purines and pyrimidines; and kerogen-type material. The organic inventories of primitive meteorites display large and variable ...
Acetylacetone
Urea gives pyrimidines. Condensation with two aryl- and alkylamines to gives NacNacs, wherein the oxygen atoms in acetylacetone ...
Guanine
"Purines and pyrimidines". Retrieved 2008-03-27. Cite journal requires ,journal= (help) Guanine was first isolated in 1844 by ... With the formula C5H5N5O, guanine is a derivative of purine, consisting of a fused pyrimidine-imidazole ring system with ...
Dihydroorotase
Pyrimidine biosynthesis Cooper C, Wilson DW (1954). "Biosynthesis of pyrimidines". Fed. Proc. 13: 194. Lieberman I, Kornberg A ... April 1954). "Enzymatic synthesis and breakdown of a pyrimidine, orotic acid. I. Dihydroortic acid, ureidosuccinic acid, and 5- ... 5-dihydroorotic acid in the biosynthesis of pyrimidines. It forms a multifunctional enzyme with carbamoyl phosphate synthetase ...
Dihydrouracil dehydrogenase (NAD+)
Campbell LL (August 1957). "Reductive degradation of pyrimidines. III. Purification and properties of dihydrouracil ... pyrimidine reductase, thymine reductase, uracil reductase, and dihydrouracil dehydrogenase (NAD+). This enzyme participates in ... 3 metabolic pathways: pyrimidine metabolism, beta-alanine metabolism, and pantothenate and coa biosynthesis. ...
Beta-ureidopropionase
CAMPBELL LL (1960). "Reductive degradation of pyrimidines. 5. Enzymatic conversion of N-carbamyl-beta-alanine to beta-alanine, ... Traut TW, Loechel S (1984). "Pyrimidine catabolism: individual characterization of the three sequential enzymes with a new ... This enzyme participates in 3 metabolic pathways: pyrimidine metabolism, beta-alanine metabolism, and pantothenate and coenzyme ...
Sulfamerazine
Sprague JM, Kissinger LW, Lincoln RM (1941). "Sulfonamido Derivatives of Pyrimidines". Journal of the American Chemical Society ...
Deworming
Pyrimidines *Pyrantel pamoate. *Pyrantel tartrate. Cyathosyomes (adult small strongyles); adult large strongyles; ascarids ...
Arts syndrome
Disruption of purine and pyrimidine production may impair energy storage and transport in cells. Impairment of these processes ... Kelley, Roger E.; Andersson, Hans C. (2014-01-01). Disorders of purines and pyrimidines. Handbook of Clinical Neurology. 120. ... This enzyme is involved in producing purines and pyrimidines which are the building blocks of DNA, RNA, ATP and other molecules ...
Complementarity (molecular biology)
Adenine and guanine are purines, while thymine, cytosine and uracil are pyrimidines. Purines are larger than pyrimidines. Both ... any pyrimidine) and M (amino) to K (keto). W (weak) and S (strong) are usually not swapped but have been swapped in the past by ...
LPAR6
Ralevic V, Burnstock G (Nov 1998). "Receptors for purines and pyrimidines". Pharmacol Rev. 50 (3): 413-92. PMID 9755289. ...
P2RY10
Ralevic V, Burnstock G (September 1998). "Receptors for purines and pyrimidines". Pharmacological Reviews. 50 (3): 413-92. PMID ...
5-Fluorowillardiine
Purines, pyrimidines, and imidazoles. Part XVII. A synthesis of willardiine". Journal of the Chemical Society (Resumed): 583. ...
MT-TI
pyrimidine metabolism. *Dihydroorotate dehydrogenase. mitochondrial shuttle. *Malate-aspartate shuttle. *Glycerol phosphate ...
Citrate synthase
pyrimidine metabolism. *Dihydroorotate dehydrogenase. mitochondrial shuttle. *Malate-aspartate shuttle. *Glycerol phosphate ...
Succinate dehydrogenase
pyrimidine metabolism. *Dihydroorotate dehydrogenase. mitochondrial shuttle. *Malate-aspartate shuttle. *Glycerol phosphate ...
Respiratory complex I
pyrimidine metabolism. *Dihydroorotate dehydrogenase. mitochondrial shuttle. *Malate-aspartate shuttle. *Glycerol phosphate ...
Dihydrofolate reductase
1mvs: Analysis of Two Polymorphic Forms of a Pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidine N9-C10 Reverse-Bridge Antifolate Binary Complex with Human ... 1mvt: Analysis of Two Polymorphic Forms of a Pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidine N9-C10 Reverse-Bridge Antifolate Binary Complex with Human ...
Creatine kinase
pyrimidine metabolism. *Dihydroorotate dehydrogenase. mitochondrial shuttle. *Malate-aspartate shuttle. *Glycerol phosphate ...
Xanthine
Pyrimidine metabolism. Anabolism. *Carbamoyl phosphate. *Carbamoyl aspartic acid. *4,5-Dihydroorotic acid ...
List of fungicides
Zamani M, Sharifi Tehrani A, Ali Abadi AA (2007). "Evaluation of antifungal activity of carbonate and bicarbonate salts alone or in combination with biocontrol agents in control of citrus green mold". Communications in Agricultural and Applied Biological Sciences. 72 (4): 773-7. PMID 18396809 ...
Uridine phosphorylase
Other names in common use include pyrimidine phosphorylase, UrdPase, UPH, and UPase. This enzyme participates in pyrimidine ... CANELLAKIS ES (1957). "Pyrimidine metabolism. II. Enzymatic pathways of uracil anabolism". J. Biol. Chem. 227 (1): 329-38. PMID ...
Category:Pyrimidines - Wikimedia Commons
pyrimidine-containing compound salvage (product),. pyrimidine-containing compound metabolic process (participant),. pyrimidine- ... Pyrimidine (de); pyrimidines (en); pirimidinoj (eo); pirymidyna (pl); pyrimidin (nn) any heterocyclic compound having a six- ... pyrimidine-containing compound catabolic process (reactant),. pyrimidine-containing compound transmembrane transport (cargo). ... pyrimidines any heterocyclic compound having a six-membered aromatic ring with two nitrogen heteroatoms at 1 and 3 positions ...
Pyrimidine dimer - Wikipedia
A 6-4 photoproduct (6-4 pyrimidine-pyrimidone or 6-4 pyrimidine-pyrimidinone) is an alternate dimer consisting of a single ... Pyrimidine dimers are molecular lesions formed from thymine or cytosine bases in DNA via photochemical reactions.[1][2] ... A cyclobutane pyrimidine dimer (CPD) contains a four membered ring arising from the coupling of the two double-bonded carbons ... Two common UV products are cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers (CPDs) and 6-4 photoproducts. These premutagenic lesions alter the ...
PURINES AND PYRIMIDINES
Pyrimidines. *Uracil = 2,4-dioxy pyrimidine *Thymine = 2,4-dioxy-5-methyl pyrimidine *Cytosine = 2-oxy-4-amino pyrimidine * ... Purine and Pyrimidine Metabolism Topics. Overview Nomenclature Hydrolysis of Polynucleotides Purine Catabolism Pyrimidine ... Pyrimidine Catabolism. In contrast to purines, pyrimidines undergo ring cleavage and the usual end products of catabolism are ... Salvaging Pyrimidines. A second type of salvage pathway involves two steps and is the major pathway for the pyrimidines, uracil ...
Pyrimidine | chemical compound | Britannica.com
The simplest member of the family is pyrimidine itself, with molecular formula C4H4N2. Several pyrimidine compounds were ... Pyrimidine, any of a class of organic compounds of the heterocyclic series characterized by a ring structure composed of four ... purines and pyrimidines. The purines are adenine (A) and guanine (G) in both DNA and RNA; the pyrimidines are cytosine (C) and ... Pyrimidine, any of a class of organic compounds of the heterocyclic series characterized by a ring structure composed of four ...
Pyrimidine dimer | chemical structure | Britannica
Such pyrimidine dimerization is mutagenic, but this damage can be repaired by an enzyme called photolyase, which utilizes the ... Other articles where Pyrimidine dimer is discussed: human genetic disease: Ultraviolet radiation: ... If a pyrimidine dimer in a growth regulatory gene is not immediately repaired, it can contribute to tumour development (see the ... Such pyrimidine dimerization is mutagenic, but this damage can be repaired by an enzyme called photolyase, which utilizes the ...
Pyrimidine - Wikipedia
Pyrimidine is also found in meteorites, but scientists still do not know its origin. Pyrimidine also photolytically decomposes ... Free radical attack has been observed for pyrimidine and photochemical reactions have been observed for substituted pyrimidines ... some minor pyrimidine bases can also occur in nucleic acids. These minor pyrimidines are usually methylated versions of major ... such as pyrimidine, found in meteorites. Pyrimidine, like polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), the most carbon-rich ...
Purine and pyrimidine receptors. - PubMed - NCBI
Gene transcriptions/Boxes/Pyrimidines - Wikiversity
"The pyrimidine box is another promoter element that is observed in cereal GA-responsive promoters examined thus far (Huang et ... A]leurone proteins that recognized the pyrimidine box sequence [are] from barley (BPBF; Mena et al., 2002) and rice (Oryza ... "OsDOF3, binding the pyrimidine box, affected the DNA binding of GAMYB to GARE".[2] ... Other mutations of the proximal pyrimidine box (M2) and one site for the Dof binding (M5) also reduced the GA-induced ...
Pyrimidine, tetrachloro
Pyrimidine oxygenase - Wikipedia
Pyrimidine oxygenase (EC 1.14.99.46, RutA) is an enzyme with systematic name uracil,FMNH2:oxygen oxidoreductase (uracil ... Kim KS, Pelton JG, Inwood WB, Andersen U, Kustu S, Wemmer DE (August 2010). "The Rut pathway for pyrimidine degradation: novel ... Pyrimidine+oxygenase at the US National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) Biology portal. ...
Pyrimidine, an Intermediate State Molecule?
Pyrimidine, 2-methyl
The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) uses its best efforts to deliver a high quality copy of the Database and to verify that the data contained therein have been selected on the basis of sound scientific judgment. However, NIST makes no warranties to that effect, and NIST shall not be liable for any damage that may result from errors or omissions in the Database ...
Pyrimidine dimers in ultraviolet-irradiated DNA's. - PubMed - NCBI
Pyrimidine 5'-nucleotidase definition | Drugs.com
Definition of pyrimidine 5-nucleotidase. Provided by Stedmans medical dictionary and Drugs.com. Includes medical terms and ... pyrimidine 5-nucleotidase. Definition: an enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of a pyrimidine-nucleoside 5-monophosphate to ... produce orthophosphate and the pyrimidine nucleoside; a deficiency of this enzyme results in accumulation of pyrimidine ...
Purines, Pyrimidines and Nucleotides and the Chemistry of Nucleic Acids - 1st Edition
Pyrimidines and Nucleotides and the Chemistry of Nucleic Acids - 1st Edition. Print Book & E-Book. ISBN 9781483200231, ... Synthesis of Purines and Pyrimidines. 1. Pyrimidines. 2. Purines. References. III. Nucleosides. 1. Structure. 2. Synthesis. 3. ... I. General Chemistry of Purines and Pyrimidines. 1. General Character of Purines and Pyrimidines. 2. Substitution by ... Purines, Pyrimidines and Nucleotides and the Chemistry of Nucleic Acids 1st Edition. 0.0 star rating Write a review ...
Pyrimidine Metabolism in Rat Brain Cortex and Liver | SpringerLink
Pyrimidine nucleotide synthesis proceeds via a salvage pathway and a de novo pathway. In rat liver all enzymes involved in UMP ... Pyrimidine nucleotide synthesis proceeds via a salvage pathway and a de novo pathway. In rat liver all enzymes involved in UMP ... Peters G.J., Veerkamp J.H. (1984) Pyrimidine Metabolism in Rat Brain Cortex and Liver. In: De Bruyn C.H.M.M., Simmonds H.A., ... Brain Cortex Salvage Pathway Orotic Acid Considerable Activity Pyrimidine Nucleotide These keywords were added by machine and ...
pyrimidine facts, information, pictures | Encyclopedia.com articles about pyrimidine
Make research projects and school reports about pyrimidine easy with credible articles from our FREE, online encyclopedia and ... pyrimidine A nitrogen base composed of a single, six-membered ring structure. The pyrimidine bases in the nucleotides of ... pyrimidine (pi-rim-i-deen) n. a nitrogen-containing compound with a ring molecular structure. The commonest pyrimidines are ... pyrimidine A basic, 6-membered heterocyclic compound. The principal pyrimidines (uracil, thymine, and cytosine) are important ...
The Pyrimidines by Desmond J. Brown - Read Online
What is Pyrimidine? (with pictures)
There are several pyrimidine molecules, but only cytosine and... ... Pyrimidine is a group of molecules that are part of DNA and RNA ... Pyrimidine is group of molecules that are part of the DNA and RNA structure. Pyrimidine is group of molecules that are part of ... The pyrimidines bind with the purines to join the two strands of the DNA or RNA polymer. Adenine and guanine are the purines ... There are several pyrimidine molecules, but only cytosine and thymine are part of the DNA structure, while cytosine and uracil ...
EPO - T 1223/03 (Bicyclic Pyrimidines / WARNER-LAMBERT) of 21.3.2007
T 1223/03 (Bicyclic Pyrimidines / WARNER-LAMBERT) of 21.3.2007. European Case Law Identifier:. ECLI:EP:BA:2007:T122303.20070321 ... The person skilled in the art would not have modified the pyrimido[4,5-d]pyrimidines in order to solve the problem mentioned ... The compounds claimed in document (D2) have bulky groups at the carbon atom at position 4 of the pyrimidine ring (see point 5.3 ... from those disclosed in document (D4) in that the present compounds have a pyrimido[4,5-d]pyrimidine core where the compounds ...
Species: Transketolase-like, pyrimidine-binding domain (IPR005475) | InterPro | EMBL-EBI
Purine and Pyrimidine Metabolism | Biochemistry (Chemical Biology) | Chemistry | Subjects | Wiley
The Novartis Foundation Series is a popular collection of the proceedings from Novartis Foundation Symposia, in which groups of leading scientists from a range of topics across biology, chemistry and medicine assembled to present papers and discuss results. The Novartis Foundation, originally known as the Ciba Foundation, is well known to scientists and clinicians around the world ...
Pharmacology of Purine and Pyrimidine Receptors, Volume 61 - 1st Edition
Purine and Pyrimidine Metabolism in Man VIII | SpringerLink
These volumes record the presentations made at the VIII International Symposium on Purine and Pyrimidine Metabolism in Manheld ... Purine/Pyrimidine Enzymes as Drug Targets. * Antimetabolites Reduce the Activities of Enzymes with Short Half-Lives in Addition ... Regulation of Purine and Pyrimidine Metabolism. * Clinical. * Determination of Dihydropyrimidine Dehydrogenase (DPD) in ... Abnormal Purine and Pyrimidine Metabolism in Inherited Superactivity of PRPP Synthetase Claude Bory, Christiane Chantin, ...
Plus it
Purines, pyrimidines and nucleotides and the chemistry of nucleic acids. (Book, 1964) [WorldCat.org]
... pyrimidines and nucleotides and the chemistry of nucleic acids.. [Tilo Lajos Vittorio Ulbricht] ... Purines, pyrimidines and nucleotides and the chemistry of nucleic acids.. Author:. Tilo Lajos Vittorio Ulbricht. ... schema:name "Purines, pyrimidines and nucleotides and the chemistry of nucleic acids."@en ;. schema:productID "2141323" ;. ... Purines, pyrimidines and nucleotides and the chemistry of nucleic acids./Tilo Lajos Vittorio Ulbricht; Oxford, Pergamon Press; ...
Synthesis of the pyrimidine analo... preview & related info | Mendeley
Efficient synthesis of the pyrimidine TIBO analog 3, starting from 9-benzyl-6- chloropurine and testing of its ability to ... Synthesis of the pyrimidine analog of 4,5,6,7-tetrahydroimidazo[4,5,1-jk][1,4]benzodiazepin-2(1H)one (TIBO) potential for HIV-1 ... Ho, C. Y., & Kukla, M. J. (1991). Synthesis of the pyrimidine analog of 4,5,6,7-tetrahydroimidazo[4,5,1-jk][1,4]benzodiazepin-2 ... Efficient synthesis of the pyrimidine TIBO analog 3, starting from 9-benzyl-6- chloropurine and testing of its ability to ...
MUC1 oncoprotein mitigates ER stress via CDA-mediated reprogramming of pyrimidine metabolism | Oncogene
Inhibition of either the CDA or pyrimidine metabolic pathway diminished survival in MUC1-expressing cancer cells upon ER stress ... Transcriptomic analysis revealed alterations in the pyrimidine metabolic pathway and cytidine deaminase (CDA). ChIP and CDA ... 3: Inhibition of either the CDA enzyme activity or the pyrimidine pathway sensitizes cancer cells to ER stress.. ... 2: Transcriptomic analysis reveals alterations in the pyrimidine salvage pathway and cytidine deaminase (CDA) upon UPR ...
5-ethyl-1-phenyl-pyrimidine-2-thione
... 64300-55-6 pyrimidine-2-thione
4-methyl-6-phenoxy-2-phenyl-pyrimidine
... pyrimidine
Purines and pyrimidines3
- Incubation with other sugars and with other compounds, including amino acids, purines and pyrimidines, and organic and inorganic salts, was not effective in preserving CO2 output or reducing it. (dtic.mil)
- Incomplete TCA cycle in cyanobacteria [ 42 , 63 ] provides 2-OG as a carbon skeleton for nitrogen assimilation through GS-GOGAT cycle converting 2-OG to glutamate which is utilized either for the biosynthesis of heme, chlorophyll, and phycobilin or purines and pyrimidines. (biomedcentral.com)
- It is a component of a number of enzymes, including sulfite oxidase (involved in the metabolism of sulfur amino acids), xanthine oxidase (involved in the oxidation of purines and pyrimidines and the production of uric acid), and aldehyde oxidase (involved in the oxidation of aldehydes). (tjclark.com)
Purine and pyrimidine2
- We then classified the SARS-CoV-2 mutations based on their type, observing a prevalence of SNP transitions (purine-purine and pyrimidine-pyrimidine) over SNP transversions (purine-pyrimidine and vice versa), an commentary that matches what was noticed for SARS-CoV ( Hu et al. (forwardlanes.net)
- The purine and pyrimidine bases found in nucleic acids are planar heterocyclic molecules which contain both proton acceptor and proton donor substituents and hydrogen-bonding interactions between them facilitates molecular recognition during biological information processing. (colostate.edu)
Biosynthesis2
- Previous studies have described control mechanisms in which reiterative transcription during initiation and start site switching act independently or together to regulate the expression of operons involved in pyrimidine biosynthesis and salvage. (uab.edu)
- Escherichia coli CPS (eCPS) provides CP for both arginine and pyrimidine nucleotide biosynthesis and is allosterically regulated by metabolites from both pathways, with inhibition by UMP and activation by IMP and ornithine. (elsevier.com)
Biosynthetic1
- DSM265, a triazolopyrimidine-based inhibitor of the pyrimidine biosynthetic enzyme dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHODH), is the first DHODH inhibitor to reach clinical development for treatment of malaria. (unibas.ch)
Derivatives2
- Some of the compounds found in Lion's Mane mushroom (Hericium erinaceus) that are rendered in the fresh tincture include hericenones A-H, cyclic dipeptides, indole alkaloids, pyrimidines, flavones, anthraquinones, amino acid derivatives, and phenolic compounds. (beneficialbotanicals.com)
- In contrast to previous suggestions in the literature, the replacement of carbonyl oxygens by sulfur atoms does not lead to dramatic changes in tautomeric properties of the pyrimidine derivatives neither in vacuum nor in aqueous solution. (irbbarcelona.org)
Cytosine1
- Name Part Number Pack Size RNase A (DNase Free) RP145 50 mg RNase A specifically cleaves at the 3′-side of pyrimidine (uracil or cytosine) phosphate bonds. (swiftanalytical.com)
Guanine1
- SN1 chemical agents include alkylnitrosourea and N-alkyl-N-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine that react with the N7 position of guanine, N3 of adenine, O6 of guanine, O2 or O4 of pyrimidines, and the non-phosphodiester oxygen atoms of the phosphate backbone. (glenresearch.com)
Bases2
- DNA repair synthesis was studied in contact-inhibited (non-S-phase) human diploid fibroblasts (WI-38) after damage primarily to pyrimidine bases (ultraviolet radiation, 254 nm) or purine bases (N-acetoxy-2-acetylaminofluorene or 7-bromomethylbenz[a]anthracene). (houstonmethodist.org)
- This partial order is defined based on the physico-chemical properties of the DNA bases: hydrogen bond number and chemical type: of purine {A, G} and pyrimidine {U, C}. This physico-mathematical description permits the study of the genetic information carried by the DNA molecules as a computer binary code of zeros (0) and (1). (genomaths.com)
Compounds1
- Particular progress has been made in the field of fused pyrimidine compounds with anticancer and anti-parasitic activity, and in the field of minor groove binders for DNA with antibacterial activity. (mgb-biopharma.com)
Organic1
- We truly offer our clients an end-to-end partnership for the research, development and manufacture of novel building blocks, pharmaceutical intermediates, and other organic chemicals, especially in substituted halo-benzenes and substituted pyrimidines & pyridines form milligram to kilogram, many of which could reach up to tons. (alichem.com)
Sugars2
- D-Xylose is the sawdust, straw, corn cobs and other plants rich in hemicellulose hydrolysis by a five-carbon sugars, soluble in hot ethanol and pyrimidine, 67% of the sweetness of sucrose. (fooding.com)
- A variety of pyrimidine\nC-nucleosides bearing branched-chain sugars have been synthesized starting from adequately substituted (lR*,6S*,7S*,8R*)-7,8-isopropylidenedioxy-3,9-\ndioxabicyclo[4.2.1ï¼¾1,6]nonan-4-ones in only\nthree steps. (nii.ac.jp)
Oxygen1
- In general, it happens that the methyl group at the "3-position" of the theacrine molecule is thrown out of the ring and transferred to one of the oxygen (2-oxo) in the pyrimidine ring. (arraabella.com)