A potent mutagen and carcinogen. It is a public health concern because of its possible effects on industrial workers, as an environmental pollutant, an as a component of tobacco smoke.
A group of condensed ring hydrocarbons.
7,8,8a,9a-Tetrahydrobenzo(10,11)chryseno (3,4-b)oxirene-7,8-diol. A benzopyrene derivative with carcinogenic and mutagenic activity.
A class of chemicals that contain an anthracene ring with a naphthalene ring attached to it.
Benzopyrenes saturated in any two adjacent positions and substituted with two hydroxyl groups in any position. The majority of these compounds have carcinogenic or mutagenic activity.
A drug-metabolizing, cytochrome P-448 (P-450) enzyme which catalyzes the hydroxylation of benzopyrene to 3-hydroxybenzopyrene in the presence of reduced flavoprotein and molecular oxygen. Also acts on certain anthracene derivatives. An aspect of EC 1.14.14.1.
A major group of unsaturated cyclic hydrocarbons containing two or more rings. The vast number of compounds of this important group, derived chiefly from petroleum and coal tar, are rather highly reactive and chemically versatile. The name is due to the strong and not unpleasant odor characteristic of most substances of this nature. (From Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary, 12th ed, p96)
The products of chemical reactions that result in the addition of extraneous chemical groups to DNA.
Compounds consisting of two or more fused ring structures.
Substances that increase the risk of NEOPLASMS in humans or animals. Both genotoxic chemicals, which affect DNA directly, and nongenotoxic chemicals, which induce neoplasms by other mechanism, are included.
The chemical alteration of an exogenous substance by or in a biological system. The alteration may inactivate the compound or it may result in the production of an active metabolite of an inactive parent compound. The alterations may be divided into METABOLIC DETOXICATION, PHASE I and METABOLIC DETOXICATION, PHASE II.
Chemical agents that increase the rate of genetic mutation by interfering with the function of nucleic acids. A clastogen is a specific mutagen that causes breaks in chromosomes.
Organic compounds that include a cyclic ether with three ring atoms in their structure. They are commonly used as precursors for POLYMERS such as EPOXY RESINS.
A carcinogen that is often used in experimental cancer studies.
Four fused benzyl rings with three linear and one angular, that can be viewed as a benzyl-phenanthrenes. Compare with NAPHTHACENES which are four linear rings.
Tests of chemical substances and physical agents for mutagenic potential. They include microbial, insect, mammalian cell, and whole animal tests.
A liver microsomal cytochrome P-450 monooxygenase capable of biotransforming xenobiotics such as polycyclic hydrocarbons and halogenated aromatic hydrocarbons into carcinogenic or mutagenic compounds. They have been found in mammals and fish. This enzyme, encoded by CYP1A1 gene, can be measured by using ethoxyresorufin as a substrate for the ethoxyresorufin O-deethylase activity.
A by-product of the destructive distillation of coal used as a topical antieczematic. It is an antipruritic and keratoplastic agent used also in the treatment of psoriasis and other skin conditions. Occupational exposure to soots, tars, and certain mineral oils is known to be carcinogenic according to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985) (Merck Index, 11th ed).
A generic grouping for dihydric alcohols with the hydroxy groups (-OH) located on different carbon atoms. They are viscous liquids with high boiling points for their molecular weights.
Organic compounds containing a BENZENE ring attached to a flavone group. Some of these are potent arylhydrocarbon hydroxylase inhibitors. They may also inhibit the binding of NUCLEIC ACIDS to BENZOPYRENES and related compounds. The designation includes all isomers; the 7,8-isomer is most frequently encountered.
A large group of cytochrome P-450 (heme-thiolate) monooxygenases that complex with NAD(P)H-FLAVIN OXIDOREDUCTASE in numerous mixed-function oxidations of aromatic compounds. They catalyze hydroxylation of a broad spectrum of substrates and are important in the metabolism of steroids, drugs, and toxins such as PHENOBARBITAL, carcinogens, and insecticides.
Carcinogenic substances that are found in the environment.
1,2-Benzphenanthrenes. POLYCYCLIC COMPOUNDS obtained from coal tar.
Agents that reduce the frequency or rate of spontaneous or induced mutations independently of the mechanism involved.
A superfamily of hundreds of closely related HEMEPROTEINS found throughout the phylogenetic spectrum, from animals, plants, fungi, to bacteria. They include numerous complex monooxygenases (MIXED FUNCTION OXYGENASES). In animals, these P-450 enzymes serve two major functions: (1) biosynthesis of steroids, fatty acids, and bile acids; (2) metabolism of endogenous and a wide variety of exogenous substrates, such as toxins and drugs (BIOTRANSFORMATION). They are classified, according to their sequence similarities rather than functions, into CYP gene families (>40% homology) and subfamilies (>59% homology). For example, enzymes from the CYP1, CYP2, and CYP3 gene families are responsible for most drug metabolism.
The phenomenon whereby compounds whose molecules have the same number and kind of atoms and the same atomic arrangement, but differ in their spatial relationships. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 5th ed)
Measurement of the intensity and quality of fluorescence.
A deoxyribonucleotide polymer that is the primary genetic material of all cells. Eukaryotic and prokaryotic organisms normally contain DNA in a double-stranded state, yet several important biological processes transiently involve single-stranded regions. DNA, which consists of a polysugar-phosphate backbone possessing projections of purines (adenine and guanine) and pyrimidines (thymine and cytosine), forms a double helix that is held together by hydrogen bonds between these purines and pyrimidines (adenine to thymine and guanine to cytosine).
Elimination of ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTANTS; PESTICIDES and other waste using living organisms, usually involving intervention of environmental or sanitation engineers.
A greasy substance with a smoky odor and burned taste created by high temperature treatment of BEECH and other WOOD; COAL TAR; or resin of the CREOSOTE BUSH. It contains CRESOLS and POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS which are CARCINOGENS. It has been widely used as wood preservative and in PESTICIDES and had former use medicinally in DISINFECTANTS; LAXATIVES; and DERMATOLOGIC AGENTS.
A potent epoxide hydrase and aryl hydrocarbon hydroxylase inhibitor. It enhances the tumor-initiating ability of certain carcinogens.
A polyaromatic hydrocarbon inducer of P4501A1 and P4501A2 cytochromes. (Proc Soc Exp Biol Med 1994 Dec:207(3):302-308)
Industrial chemicals which have become widespread environmental pollutants. Each aroclor is a mixture of chlorinated biphenyls (1200 series) or chlorinated terphenyls (5400 series) or a combination of both (4400 series).
Enzymes that catalyze reversibly the formation of an epoxide or arene oxide from a glycol or aromatic diol, respectively.
Cytoplasmic proteins that bind certain aryl hydrocarbons, translocate to the nucleus, and activate transcription of particular DNA segments. AH receptors are identified by their high-affinity binding to several carcinogenic or teratogenic environmental chemicals including polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons found in cigarette smoke and smog, heterocyclic amines found in cooked foods, and halogenated hydrocarbons including dioxins and polychlorinated biphenyls. No endogenous ligand has been identified, but an unknown natural messenger with a role in cell differentiation and development is suspected.
A circumscribed benign epithelial tumor projecting from the surrounding surface; more precisely, a benign epithelial neoplasm consisting of villous or arborescent outgrowths of fibrovascular stroma covered by neoplastic cells. (Stedman, 25th ed)
An increase in the rate of synthesis of an enzyme due to the presence of an inducer which acts to derepress the gene responsible for enzyme synthesis.
Experimentally induced new abnormal growth of TISSUES in animals to provide models for studying human neoplasms.
Compounds of the general formula R-O-R arranged in a ring or crown formation.
A group of compounds that are derivatives of methoxybenzene and contain the general formula R-C7H7O.
Reduction of pharmacologic activity or toxicity of a drug or other foreign substance by a living system, usually by enzymatic action. It includes those metabolic transformations that make the substance more soluble for faster renal excretion.
A residue of coal, left after dry (destructive) distillation, used as a fuel.
The combination of two or more different factors in the production of cancer.
A nucleoside consisting of the base guanine and the sugar deoxyribose.
Substances which pollute the soil. Use for soil pollutants in general or for which there is no specific heading.
Substances or energies, for example heat or light, which when introduced into the air, water, or land threaten life or health of individuals or ECOSYSTEMS.
Mixture of 2- and 3-tert-butyl-4-methoxyphenols that is used as an antioxidant in foods, cosmetics, and pharmaceuticals.
A chemical by-product that results from burning or incinerating chlorinated industrial chemicals and other hydrocarbons. This compound is considered an environmental toxin, and may pose reproductive, as well as, other health risks for animals and humans.
The rate dynamics in chemical or physical systems.
A family of diphenylenemethane derivatives.
Products of the hydrolysis of chlorophylls in which the phytic acid side chain has been removed and the carboxylic acids saponified.
A hepatic carcinogen whose mechanism of activation involves N-hydroxylation to the aryl hydroxamic acid followed by enzymatic sulfonation to sulfoxyfluorenylacetamide. It is used to study the carcinogenicity and mutagenicity of aromatic amines.
7,12-Dimethylbenzanthracene. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon found in tobacco smoke that is a potent carcinogen.
Benzene derivatives that include one or more hydroxyl groups attached to the ring structure.
Agents that emit light after excitation by light. The wave length of the emitted light is usually longer than that of the incident light. Fluorochromes are substances that cause fluorescence in other substances, i.e., dyes used to mark or label other compounds with fluorescent tags.
Widely distributed enzymes that carry out oxidation-reduction reactions in which one atom of the oxygen molecule is incorporated into the organic substrate; the other oxygen atom is reduced and combined with hydrogen ions to form water. They are also known as monooxygenases or hydroxylases. These reactions require two substrates as reductants for each of the two oxygen atoms. There are different classes of monooxygenases depending on the type of hydrogen-providing cosubstrate (COENZYMES) required in the mixed-function oxidation.
Family of small, surface-dwelling fish that inhabit fresh and brackish waters, and coastal marine areas.
A large lobed glandular organ in the abdomen of vertebrates that is responsible for detoxification, metabolism, synthesis and storage of various substances.
The relationship between the chemical structure of a compound and its biological or pharmacological activity. Compounds are often classed together because they have structural characteristics in common including shape, size, stereochemical arrangement, and distribution of functional groups.
A serotype of Salmonella enterica that is a frequent agent of Salmonella gastroenteritis in humans. It also causes PARATYPHOID FEVER.
Chemical compounds which pollute the water of rivers, streams, lakes, the sea, reservoirs, or other bodies of water.
Injuries to DNA that introduce deviations from its normal, intact structure and which may, if left unrepaired, result in a MUTATION or a block of DNA REPLICATION. These deviations may be caused by physical or chemical agents and occur by natural or unnatural, introduced circumstances. They include the introduction of illegitimate bases during replication or by deamination or other modification of bases; the loss of a base from the DNA backbone leaving an abasic site; single-strand breaks; double strand breaks; and intrastrand (PYRIMIDINE DIMERS) or interstrand crosslinking. Damage can often be repaired (DNA REPAIR). If the damage is extensive, it can induce APOPTOSIS.
Artifactual vesicles formed from the endoplasmic reticulum when cells are disrupted. They are isolated by differential centrifugation and are composed of three structural features: rough vesicles, smooth vesicles, and ribosomes. Numerous enzyme activities are associated with the microsomal fraction. (Glick, Glossary of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 1990; from Rieger et al., Glossary of Genetics: Classical and Molecular, 5th ed)
Naturally occurring complex liquid hydrocarbons which, after distillation, yield combustible fuels, petrochemicals, and lubricants.
A subfamily in the family MURIDAE, comprising the hamsters. Four of the more common genera are Cricetus, CRICETULUS; MESOCRICETUS; and PHODOPUS.
A genus of gram-positive, aerobic bacteria. Most species are free-living in soil and water, but the major habitat for some is the diseased tissue of warm-blooded hosts.
A barbituric acid derivative that acts as a nonselective central nervous system depressant. It potentiates GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID action on GABA-A RECEPTORS, and modulates chloride currents through receptor channels. It also inhibits glutamate induced depolarizations.
Either of the pair of organs occupying the cavity of the thorax that effect the aeration of the blood.
A group of guanine ribonucleotides in which the phosphate residues of each guanine ribonucleotide act as bridges in forming diester linkages between the ribose moieties.

Platelet high affinity low density lipoprotein binding and import of lipoprotein derived phospholipids. (1/624)

The binding of low density lipoprotein (LDL) to the platelet cell membrane could facilitate the transfer of phospholipids from LDL to the platelets. A polyclonal antibody against the platelet glycoproteins IIb/IIIa inhibited the high affinity binding of 125I-LDL by up to 80%. The transfer of pyrene (py)-labeled sphingomyelin (SM), phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine from LDL to the platelets was unaffected by the antibody. The lectin wheat germ agglutinin (WGA) reduced the binding of 125I-LDL to the platelets by approximately 80%. In contrast, the lectin stimulated the transfer of SM from LDL into the platelets by about three-fold. WGA also specifically augmented the transfer of py-SM between lipid vesicles and the platelets, the stimulation being abolished in the presence of N-acetylglucosamine. Dextran sulfate (DS) increased the specific binding of 125I-LDL to the platelets by up to 2.8-fold. On the other hand, the import of LDL-derived py-phospholipids was unaffected by DS. Together, the results indicate that the phospholipid transfer from LDL to the platelets is independent of the high affinity LDL binding to the platelets and is specifically stimulated by WGA. Thus, the interactions of platelets with LDL phospholipids differ markedly from those with the apoprotein components of the lipoproteins.  (+info)

Characterization of mannooligosaccharide caps in mycobacterial lipoarabinomannan by capillary electrophoresis/electrospray mass spectrometry. (2/624)

A new analytical approach based on capillary electrophoresis-electrospray mass spectrometry (CE/ESI-MS) has provided new insight into the characterization of mannooligosaccharide caps from lipoarabinomannans (LAMs), which are key molecules in the immunopathogenesis of tuberculosis. This analytical approach requires oligosaccharide labeling with the fluorophore 1-aminopyrene-3,6,8-trisulfonate (APTS) by reductive amination at the reducing termini. Optimization of the separation and ionization conditions, such as the choice of capillary electrophoresis (CE) electrolyte buffers, is presented and discussed. Anionic separation of the mono and oligosaccharide APTS derivatives was finally achieved with aqueous triethylammonium formate buffer. It was found that in contrast to the triethylammonium phosphate buffer, the triethylammonium formate buffer was appropriate for CE/ESI-MS coupling analysis of APTS-carbohydrate derivatives. In this case, negative ESI-mass spectra of APTS-carbohydrate adducts showed mainly (M-2H)2-pseudomolecular ions and some sequence fragment ions allowing their non-ambiguous structural characterization at the picomolar level. This analytical approach was successfully applied to more complex mixtures of carbohydrates released by mild acid hydrolysis of the lipoarabinomannans from Mycobacterium bovis BCG. The APTS-mannooligosaccharide cap adducts were separated by CE and their structural characterization achieved by CE/ESI-MS analyses. Mannooligosaccharide caps were routinely analyzed by capillary electrophoresis-laser induced fluorescence (CE-LIF) from 50 fmol of lipoarabinomannans with mannosyl capping (ManLAMs) but sensitivity was about 50 times lower using ESI-MS detection.  (+info)

HPLC/fluorescence determination of anti-BPDE-DNA adducts in mononuclear white blood cells from PAH-exposed humans. (3/624)

The aim of this study was to compare (+/-)-r-7,t-8-dihydroxy-t-9,10-oxy-7,8,9,10-tetrahydrobenzo[a]pyrene (anti-BPDE)-DNA adduct levels in groups of humans subjected to various levels of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) (benzo[a]pyrene) exposure. An HPLC/fluorescence method was applied to detect specifically anti-BPDE-DNA adducts in mononuclear white blood cells [lymphocyte plus monocyte fraction (LMF)] from humans exposed to PAHs. A total of 130 subjects comprised the sample population: 26 psoriatic patients (3 days after clinical coal tar treatment of the skin), 15 coke oven workers, 19 chimney sweeps, 36 aluminium anode plant workers and 34 non-occupationally PAH-exposed subjects (controls). PAH exposure was assessed in each group by means of the urinary excretion of 1-pyrenol (mean group levels: 1.2, 0.7, 0.3, 65.0 and 0.1 micromol/mol creatinine in coke oven workers, chimney sweeps, aluminium plant anode workers, psoriatic patients and non-occupationally PAH-exposed subjects, respectively). HPLC/fluorescence analysis of BPDE-DNA adducts showed that the percentage of subjects with adduct levels exceeding the 95 percentile control subject value (8.9 adducts/10(8) nucleotides) was significantly high in coke oven workers (46.7%) and chimney sweeps (21.0%) (chi2 test, P < 0.01 and P < 0.05, respectively) but not in aluminium plant workers (11.1%) and psoriatic patients (0%). The increase in BPDE-DNA adduct levels in LMF (Ln values) was significantly related to chronic inhalatory and high PAH exposure (linear multiple regression analysis, F = 6.37, P < 0.01; t = 4.2, P < 0.001). Skin acute (or short-term) and high PAH exposure, charcoal-grilled meat consumption and smoking habit did not seem to influence BPDE-DNA adduct formation in LMF.  (+info)

Comparative metabolism of 1-, 2-, and 4-nitropyrene by human hepatic and pulmonary microsomes. (4/624)

Determining the capability of humans to metabolize the mononitropyrene (mono-NP) isomers 1-, 2-, and 4-NP and understanding which human cytochrome P450 (P450) enzymes are involved in their activation and/or detoxification is important in the assessment of individual susceptibility to these environmental carcinogens. We compared the ability of 15 human hepatic and 8 pulmonary microsomal samples to metabolize each of the three isomers. Human hepatic microsomes were competent in metabolizing all three isomers. Qualitatively similar metabolic patterns were observed, although at much lower levels, upon incubating mono-NP with pulmonary microsomes. Ring-oxidized metabolites (phenols and trans-dihydrodiols) were produced from all three isomers. However, the nitroreductive metabolism leading to the formation of aminopyrene was evident only with 4-NP. The role of specific P450 enzymes in the human hepatic microsomal metabolism of mono-NP was investigated by correlating the P450-dependent catalytic activities in each microsomal sample with the levels of individual metabolites formed by the same microsomes and by examining the effects of agents that can either inhibit or stimulate specific P450 enzymes in mono-NP metabolism. On the basis of these studies, we attribute most of the hepatic microsomal metabolism of 1- and 4-NP to P450 3A4, although a minor role for P450 1A2 cannot be ruled out. Specifically, P450 3A4 was responsible for the formation of 3-hydroxy-1nitropyrene from 1-NP and the formation of trans-9,10-dihydro-9,10dihydroxy-4-nitropyrene, 9(10)-hydroxy-4-nitropyrene, and 4-aminopyrene from 4-NP. None of the P450 enzymes examined (P450s 3A4, 1A2, 2E1, 2A6, 2D6, and 2C9) appeared to be involved in catalyzing the formation of trans-4,5-dihydro-4,5-dihydroxy-2-nitropyrene and 6-hydroxy-2-nitropyrene from 2-NP in human hepatic microsomes. These results, the first report on the comparative metabolism of mono-NP in humans, clearly demonstrate that the role of specific human P450 enzymes in catalyzing oxidative and reductive pathways of mono-NP is dependent upon the position of the nitro group.  (+info)

Genotoxic exposures of potroom workers. (5/624)

OBJECTIVES: Potroom workers in aluminum reduction plants have increased risks for bladder and lung cancer due to exposure from polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH). In this study correlations between measures of the external, internal, and biological effective dose have been studied for PAH. METHODS: Venous blood samples were obtained from 98 male potroom workers and 55 unexposed male blue-collar workers, for the analysis of aromatic adducts to DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) in lymphocytes, using the 32P-postlabeling technique. 1-Hydroxypyrene in urine was analyzed with high-pressure liquid chromatography. Personal sampling of both particulate and gas phase PAH was performed during a full workday for the potroom workers and for 5 referents. Individual PAH congeners were determined with liquid chromatographic-mass spectrometric and gas chromatographic-mass spectrometric techniques. RESULTS: The respiratory-zone airborne level of the sum of 22 particulate (median 13.2 micro/m3) and the 7 gas phase PAH-congeners (median 16.3 microg/m3) among the potroom workers was a hundred times higher than among the referents. The urinary concentration of 1-hydroxypyrene before work was 30 times higher for the potroom workers (median 3.43 micromol/mol creatinine) than for the referents. Most airborne PAH congeners correlated with the excretion of 1-hydroxypyrene in urine. The frequency of aromatic DNA adducts did not, however, differ between the potroom workers and the referents, and no correlation was found for 1-hydroxypyrene in urine. CONCLUSIONS: Despite an obvious occupational exposure to PAH, no increase in aromatic DNA adducts in lymphocytes was found among the potroom workers.  (+info)

Molecular mechanisms of peptide loading by the tumor rejection antigen/heat shock chaperone gp96 (GRP94). (6/624)

Complexes of gp96/GRP94 and peptides have been shown to elicit immunogenicity. We used fluorescence to understand peptide association with gp96. A pyrene-peptide conjugate was complexed with gp96 under a variety of conditions. At room temperature in low salt (20 mM NaCl), the peptide binds gp96 with a strong affinity (approximately 100-150 nM) and forms pyrene excimers, suggesting that the peptides were assembled as dimers. In high salt (2.2 M NaCl), although peptide binding was stronger (Ka approximately 55 nM) than in low salt, pyrene excimers were absent, implying that peptides were farther apart in the complex. Heat shock-activated peptide binding exhibited characteristics of both low salt and high salt modes of binding. Anisotropy and average lifetime of the bound pyrene suggested that peptides were probably located in a solvent-accessible hydrophobic binding pocket in low salt, whereas in high salt, the peptide may be buried in a less hydrophobic (more hydrophilic) environment. These results suggested that peptide-gp96 complexes were assembled in several different ways, depending on the assembly conditions. Resonance energy transfer between the intrinsic tryptophan(s) in gp96 and pyrene suggested that one or more tryptophan residues were within the critical Forster distance of 27-30 A from the pyrene in the bound peptide. It is proposed that peptides are assembled within higher order gp96 complexes (dimers, etc.) in a hydrophobic pocket and that there may be a conformational change in gp96 leading to an open configuration for peptide loading.  (+info)

Pathologic changes induced in respiratory tract mucosa by polycyclic hydrocarbons of differing carcinogenic activity. (7/624)

Seven aromatic polycyclic hydrocarbons (PCHs) were investigated for their toxic effects on respiratory mucosa: benzo(e)pyrene (BeP), pyrene, anthracene, benz(a)anthracene(BaA), dibenz(a,c)anthracene(DBacA), benzo (a)pyrene (BaP), and dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA). The compounds were chosen because they comprise a spectrum of PCHs ranging from noncarcinogens, to initiators, to weak and strong carcinogens. All of them except DMBA are environmentally relevant chemicals. The chemicals were tested over an 8-week period. Heterotopic tracheal transplants were continously exposed and the histopathologic effects induced by the various PCHs were periodically assessed semiquantitatively. All PCHs exhibited varying degrees of toxicity for respiratory epithelium and submucosa. BeP clearly showed the least toxicity followed by pyrene and anthracene. BaA and DBacA caused marked epithelial and submucosal changes. In addition to epithelial hyperplasia, undifferentiated epithelium and squamous metaplasia developed. Marked mononuclear infiltration occurred in the subepithelial connective tissue. With BaP the epithelial and submucosal changes were similar but were much stronger. DMBA was the most toxic substance, causing epithelial necrosis followed by generalized keratinizing squamous metaplasia; the subepithelial changes consisted of an early acellular exudate and, later (at 8 weeks), marked condensation and hyalinization of the lamina propria. The toxic response pattern of the tracheal mucosa to carcinogenic agents was characterized by the chronicity of epithelial and connective tissue damage, as opposed to the short-lived hyperplastic and inflammatory response elicited by the noncarcinogens and weak initiators.  (+info)

2'-Pyrene modified oligonucleotide provides a highly sensitive fluorescent probe of RNA. (8/624)

Oligonucleotide 9mers containing 2'-O-(1-pyrenylmethyl)uridine [U(pyr)] at the center position were synthesized by using a protected U(pyr) phosphoramidite. The UV melting behaviors indicate that the pyrene-modified oligonucleotides can bind to both their complementary DNA and RNA in aqueous solution. When compared with the unmodified oligonucleotides, the pyrene-modified oligonucleotides showed higher affinity for DNA while exhibiting lower affinity for RNA. The pyrene-modified oligonucleotides in diluted solution exhibited fluorescence typical of pyrene monomer emission [lambdamax 378 (band I) and 391 nm (band III)]. When these oligomers bound to DNA, the fluorescence intensity ratio of band III/band I was increased. With this fluorescence change, a new broad emission (lambdamax 450 nm) due to exciplex between the pyrene and an adjacent nucleobase appeared. In contrast, addition of RNA to the pyrene oligonucleotides resulted in enhancement of the pyrene monomer emission with decrease in the fluorescence band ratio. The extent of the emission enhancement was found to be highly dependent on the nucleobase adjacent to the U(pyr) in the pyrene oligomers. The pyrene oligonucleotide containing dC at the 3'-site of the modification showed remarkable increase (approximately 250 times) in fluorescence (375 nm) upon binding to complementary RNA. The present findings would open the way to the design of a highly sensitive fluorescent probe of RNA.  (+info)

This review exposes the current poor understanding of the internal segmental chain dynamics of dendrimers in solution probed by monitoring the process of excimer formation between pyrene labels covalently attached to the chain ends of dendrimers. The review begins by covering the bases of fluorescence and the kinetics of pyrene excimer formation before describing a procedure based on the Model Free (MF) analysis that is used to analyze quantitatively the fluorescence decays acquired for dendrimers, the ends of which have been fully and covalently labeled with pyrene. Comparison of the various trends obtained by different research groups describing the efficiency of pyrene excimer formation with the generation number of dendrimers illustrates the lack of consensus between the few studies devoted to the topic. One possible reason for this disagreement might reside in the presence of minute amounts of unattached pyrene labels which act as potent fluorescent impurities and affect the analysis of the
Pyrene derivatives can be carcinogenic, teratogenic and mutagenic, thus having the potential to cause malignant diseases. In this work, the interactions of two selected pyrene derivatives (1-OHP and 1-PBO) and human tumor-related DNA (p53 DNA and C-myc DNA) are investigated by spectroscopic and non-native polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (PAGE) methods. Using fluorescence spectrometry and circular dichroism (CD), DNA interactions of pyrene derivatives are confirmed to occur mainly via the groove binding mode supported by the intercalation into the base pairs of DNA. There is an obvious binding order of pyrene derivatives to the targeted DNA, 1-OHP | 1-PBO. The binding constants of 1-OHP are 1.16 × 106 L×mol−1 and 4.04 × 105 L×mol−1 for p53 DNA and C-myc DNA, respectively, while that of 1-PBO are only 2.04 × 103 L×mol−1 and 1.39 × 103 L×mol−1 for p53 DNA and C-myc DNA, respectively. Besides, the binding of pyrene derivatives to p53 DNA is stronger than that for C-myc DNA. CD and PAGE
1-Nitro[U-4,5,9,10-14C]pyrene was synthesized and administered to male F344 rats by intragastric gavage at a dose of 100 mg/kg of body weight. During the first 48 hr, 41% of the dose was eliminated in the feces, and 16% was eliminated in the urine. The corresponding figures after 120 hr were 51 and 19%. In rats with bile cannulae, 37% of the dose was excreted in the bile after 72 hr, and 6% was excreted in the urine. Fecal metabolites included 1-aminopyrene (isolated amount, 11.7% of the dose), 1-amino-6-hydroxypyrene and 1-amino-8-hydroxypyrene (4.6%), and unchanged 1-nitropyrene (6.6%). 1-Aminopyrene and the 1-aminohydroxypyrenes were identified as their acetyl-derivatives by comparison of their chromatographic retention times, mass spectra, and UV spectra to those of synthetic standards. Biliary metabolites included 1-aminopyrene, 1-amino-6-hydroxypyrene, 1-amino-8-hydroxypyrene, 1-nitro-6(8)-hydroxypyrene, and 1-nitro-3-hydroxypyrene, as well as their glucuronide and sulfate conjugates. The ...
Covalent adducts of the carcinogenic polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (+)-anti-benzo[a]pyrene 7,8-dihydrodiol 9,10-epoxide ((+)-anti-BPDE) in polynucleotides have been studied by fluorescence spectroscopy. The pyrenyl chromophores of the BPDE adducts, linked by the C10 atom to the exocyclic nitrogen of guanine, interact in the photoexcited state, as evidenced by excimer fluorescence. Strong BPDE excimer fluorescence is observed in the alternating poly(dGdC).poly(dGdC) sequence, whereas it is weak in the homopolymeric poly(dG).poly(dC) and in calf thymus DNA. No excimer fluorescence is observed for the BPDE adducts in poly(dAdC).poly(dGdT) or poly(dAdG).poly(dCdT). It is concluded that the formation of BPDE excimers in polynucleotides requires binding to guanines on different strands on consecutive basepairs. The experimental results are supported by graphics modeling and energy minimization of BPDE adducts in various oligonucleotide sequences. The results show that the most favorable arrangement for
Excimers play a key role in a variety of excited-state processes, such as exciton trapping, fluorescence quenching, and singlet-fission. The dynamics of benzene excimer formation in the first 2 ps after S1 excitation from the parallel-displaced geometry of the benzene dimer is reported here. It was simulated Photodissociation and reaction dynamics 2018 PCCP HOT Articles
A new N-thiophosphorylated thiourea (1-pyrene)NHC(S)NHP(S)(OiPr)2 (HL) has been synthesized. The molecular structure of HL was elucidated by X-ray diffraction revealing a linear intramolecular hydrogen bond. Additionally, its crystal structure is stabilized by two intermolecular hydrogen bonds, which in turn
The rate parameters of solvent-solute energy transfer and of oxygen-solvent quenching have been determined for solutions of 2, 5-diphenyloxazole in benzene, toluene, p-xylene and mesitylene. The role of excited molecules and excimers in transfer to the solute molecules is considered in terms of the Voltz relations, which include the Förster critical transfer distance, the molecular diffusion coefficients, and the solvent excitation migration coefficient. It is proposed that the migration is due to excimer formation and dissociation, and that the energy transfer occurs by a diffusion/migration-controlled collisional process. Dilution of the solvent decreases the migration, but increases the transfer distance, so that the transfer efficiency remains practically constant. The excimer formation and dissociation rate parameters in the pure alkyl benzenes are evaluated. ...
TY - JOUR. T1 - A dipyrenyl calixazacrown chemosensor for Mg2+ AU - Hamdi, Abdelwaheb. AU - Kim, Sang Hoon. AU - Abidi, Rym. AU - Thuéry, Pierre. AU - Kim, Jong Seung. AU - Vicens, Jacques. PY - 2009/4/4. Y1 - 2009/4/4. N2 - A new fluorogenic calix[4]tetraaza-crown-6 (4) bearing two pyrene amide groups has been prepared. It was shown to be selective for Mg2+. When Mg2+ is bound to 4, the pyrene monomer emission increased while the excimer emission declined in a ratiometric manner. It is shown by 1H NMR that this ratiometric change is due to the conformational changes of the pyrenes during the chelation of Mg2+ by the amide functions to form a 1:1 complex.. AB - A new fluorogenic calix[4]tetraaza-crown-6 (4) bearing two pyrene amide groups has been prepared. It was shown to be selective for Mg2+. When Mg2+ is bound to 4, the pyrene monomer emission increased while the excimer emission declined in a ratiometric manner. It is shown by 1H NMR that this ratiometric change is due to the ...
Precautionary Statements: P260-P271-P304+P340-P312-P314-P501c Do not breathe dust/fume/gas/mist/vapours/spray. Use only outdoors or in a well-ventilated area. IF INHALED: Remove to fresh air and keep at rest in a position comfortable for breathing. Call a POISON CENTER or doctor/physician if you feel unwell. Get medical advice/attention if you feel unwell. Dispose of contents/ container to an approved waste disposal plant ...
The report generally describes cyclopenta[c,d]pyrene, examines its uses, production methods, patents. Cyclopenta[c,d]pyrene market situation is overviewed;
Mitch Winnik received a B.A. degree from Yale University in 1965. He obtained his Ph.D. degree in the area of organic chemistry at Columbia University in 1969, working under the direction of Prof. Ronald Breslow, and then spent a year as a postdoctoral fellow in the laboratory of Prof. George Hammond at Caltech studying organic photochemistry. He joined the faculty at the University of Toronto in 1970, and received tenure as an organic chemist. On his first sabbatical, in Bordeaux France, he realized that he was bored with what he had been doing and decided to switch his attention to longer molecules. Upon his return to Toronto, he and his coworkers prepared a series of polymers with a pyrene group at both ends. The pyrene groups emit a blue fluorescence if the pyrenes are far apart, but if an excited pyrene during its lifetime can find a second pyrene, they form a sandwich structure which emits a green excimer fluorescence. In dilute solution, the rate of excimer formation from the ...
The rates of interactions of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) with biological cells studied with fluorescence appear to be different for cells from different origins. The monomer emission of benzo[,i,a,/i,]pyrene (BaP) is enhanced as in liposomes, but more significantly in normal liver cells than in liver cancer cells or kidney cells, and that enhancement is proportional to the amount of cells added. When PAHs are allowed to interact with cells for a certain period of time, metabolism appears to occur. The excimer emission is seen to dissipate continuously as reactions proceed, whereas the monomer emission increases, passes through a maximum, then starts to decrease when excimer emission becomes exhausted. The time plot of the BaP excimer emission in semilogarithmic coordinates indicates that the decrease or the mass transfer of microcrystalline BaP to the cell membrane is a first-order process. Metabolism has been investigated by monitoring the monomer emission. Liver cells have higher ...
The fluorescence lifetimes of a number of aromatic hydrocarbons are shortened by 15-40% when the matrix is compressed by 30 kbar pressure. The causes of environmentally-induced lifetime shortening may be further illuminated by a detailed study of one solute under a variety of conditions. The document reports on such a study of pyrene and in addition, compares the pressure-enhanced electronic relaxation for the monomeric and excimeric forms of pyrene. The work established the magnitude of environmental influences on the singlet lifetime of pyrene and demonstrated a remarkable insensitivity of the emitting species to the nature of the microscopic surroundings, be it monomer or excimer.(*POLYCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
TY - JOUR. T1 - CYP1A1, GSTM1, and GSTP1 genetic polymorphisms and urinary 1-hydroxypyrene excretion in non-occupationally exposed individuals. AU - Nerurkar, P. V.. AU - Okinaka, L.. AU - Aoki, C.. AU - Seifried, A.. AU - Lum-Jones, A.. AU - Wilkens, L. R.. AU - Le Marchand, L.. PY - 2000. Y1 - 2000. N2 - The CYP1A1 and glutathione S-transferase enzymes (e.g., GSTM1 and GSTP1) are involved in the activation and conjugation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), respectively, and are controlled by genes that are polymorphic. The CYP1A1*2 allelic variant has been associated with elevated urinary 1-hydroxypyrene (1-OHP), a proposed marker for internal dose of activated PAHs, in coke-oven workers. We investigated whether this association could be observed at low exposure levels, such as those experienced by the general population. We conducted a cross-sectional study among 188 individuals (106 Japanese, 60 Caucasians, and 22 Hawaiians) who were selected as controls in a population-based ...
Pyrene is a fluorescent polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon. It is useful as a proximity sensor - when two pyrene residues are spaced close to each other, they exhibit easily detectable excimer fluorescence.
Hatanaka N, Yamazaki H, Oda Y, Guengerich FP, Nakajima M, Yokoi T: Metabolic activation of carcinogenic 1-nitropyrene by human cytochrome P450 1B1 in Salmonella typhimurium strain expressing an O-acetyltransferase in SOS/umu assay. Mutat Res. 2001 Oct 18;497(1-2):223-33. doi: 10.1016/s1383-5718(01)00254-6. [PubMed:11525925 ...
4-Nitropyrene was tested for carcinogenicity in newborn rats by subcutaneous injection, producing an increase in the incidence of mammary tumours. It was also tested by intraperitoneal injection in newborn mice, producing an increase in the incidence of liver-cell tumours in males and of lung tumours in animals of each sex. A study by intraperitoneal injection was inadequately reported ...
4FBT: Structural mechanism of replication stalling on a bulky amino-polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon DNA adduct by a y family DNA polymerase.
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102859-52-9 - SQAFYTHBQZQFLZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N - Cyclopenta(cd)pyrene, 4-nitro- - Similar structures search, synonyms, formulas, resource links, and other chemical information.
Phenylethynylpyrene (PEP) is a pyrene derivative with red-shifted absorption and emission spectra. Fits blue channel of qPCR instruments, can be used for multiplex experiments.
Affiliation:香川医科大学,医学部,副学長, Research Field:病院管理学, Keywords:1-nitropyrene,大気中粒子状物質,エアロゾル,変異原性,大気汚染,粒子,benzo(a)pyrene,DNA付加体,ダイオキシン,1、6-dinitropyrene, # of Research Projects:6, # of Research Products:0
Product Name: 1-HydroxypyreneFormula: C16H10OWeight: 218.25SMILES: OC1C2C3=C4C(C=CC=C4C=CC3=CC=1)=CC=2CAS NO: 917497-70-2 Product: SC144 (hydrochloride)
TY - JOUR. T1 - Association between polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon exposure and peripheral blood mononuclear cell DNA damage in human volunteers during fire extinction exercises. AU - Andersen, Maria Helena Guerra. AU - Saber, Anne Thoustrup. AU - Clausen, Per Axel. AU - Pedersen, Julie Elbæk. AU - Løhr, Mille. AU - Kermanizadeh, Ali. AU - Loft, Steffen. AU - Ebbehøj, Niels. AU - Hansen, Åse Marie. AU - Pedersen, Peter Bøgh. AU - Koponen, Ismo Kalevi. AU - Nørskov, Eva-Carina. AU - Møller, Peter. AU - Vogel, Ulla Birgitte. PY - 2018. Y1 - 2018. N2 - This study investigated a number of biomarkers, associated with systemic inflammation as well as genotoxicity, in 53 young and healthy subjects participating in a course to become firefighters, while wearing personal protective equipment (PPE). The exposure period consisted of a 3-day training course where the subjects participated in various live-fire training exercises. The subjects were instructed to extinguish fires of either wood or wood ...
The Koggala lagoon is a coastal wetland affected by a major oil spill and other anthropogenic pollution sources. In this study, gill and liver histological alterations and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) exposure indicative bile fluorescence patterns of the fish species inhabiting the lagoon were examined in order to explore the potential biological impacts. Fixed wavelength fluorescence patterns in the bile of Mugil cephalus, Lutjanus russellii and Etroplus suratensis showed bioavailability of naphthalene type-, phenanthrene type-, pyrene type- and benzo(a)pyrene type- metabolites indicating recent exposure of the fishes to petrogenic and pyrogenic PAHs. Histological analysis revealed the occurrence of prominent gill and liver lesions, especially in the tissues of M. cephalus and L. russellii. Of the fish species examined, which included 43 individual fishes, the liver tissues of M. cephalus (two fish) and L. russellii (one fish) displayed foci of hepatocellular alterations with nodular ...
Our findings suggest that the association between PAH exposure and a cytokine storm may be mediated by AhR and NLRP3 expression among preschoolers.
Cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs) are membrane permeable vectors recognized for their intrinsic ability to gain access to the cell interior. The hydrophobic counter-anion, pyrenebutyrate, enhances cellular uptake of oligoarginine CPPs. To elucidate CPP uptake mechanisms, the effect of pyrenebutyrate on well-recognized CPPs with varying hydrophobicity and arginine content is investigated. The cellular CPP uptake and CPP-mediated oligonucleotide delivery is analyzed by fluorescence activated cell sorting, confocal microscopy, and a cell-based splice-switching assay. The splice-switching oligonucleotide is a mixmer of 2-O-methyl RNA and locked nucleic acids delivered as a non-covalent complex with 10-fold molar CPP excess. CPP-induced membrane perturbation on large unilamellar vesicles is investigated in calcein release experiments. We observed that pyrenebutyrate facilitates cellular uptake and translocation of oligonucleotide mediated by oligoarginine nonamer while limited effect of pyrenebutyrate on
A novel method based on the steady state fluorescence technique was used to study the sol-gel transition in the free radical crosslinking reaction between styrene (St) and divinyl benzene (DVB) with 2,2-azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) as initiator. N-(4-(pyrenyl methylene)-oxy-carbonyl phenyl)maleimide (Py-MI) was used as a fluorescence probe. The possible enchainment of Py-MI in alternating sequences occurred randomly in polymer clusters produced modifications in the fluorescence spectra, namely the shift at the higher wavelengths due to the excimer formation. The fluorescence spectra of Py-MIs excimers allowed both to monitor the sol-gel transition and to test the critical exponents as function of co-monomers concentration. The gel fraction exponent beta and the weight average degree of polymerization exponent gamma agreed best with the static percolation values. Although this technique was applied for St-DVB co-polymerization, it may be generalized for the other monomers that are able to ...
Characterization of a pyrene-degrading Mycobacterium sp. strain CH-2.: Mycobacterium sp strain CH-2 was isolated from a manufactured gas plant contaminated with
A new approach is presented to obtain fluorescent sensors for pH windows that work in water and under biomimetic conditions. A single molecule that features all-covalently linked components is used, thus making it capable of working as a fluorescent sensor with an OFF/ON/OFF response to pH value. The components are a tertiary amine, a pyridine, and a fluorophore (pyrene). The forms with both protonated bases or both neutral bases quench the pyrene fluorescence, whereas the form with the neutral pyridine and protonated amine groups is fluorescent. The molecular sensor is also equipped with a long alkyl chain to make it highly hydrophobic in all its protonated and unprotonated forms, that is, either when neutral or charged. Accordingly, it can be confined at any pH value either in traditional (i.e., low-molecular-weight) nonionic surfactant micelles or inside polymeric, biocompatible micellar containers. Relevant for future applications in vivo, thanks to its strong hydrophobicity, no leakage of ...
We made two important contributions to this field. First, we developed a method based upon pyrene fluorescence, to determine the critical aggregation concentration for polymers in water. [see Macromolecules, 24, 1033-1040 (1991)] This is our most cited paper because it shows how one can distinguish between the true CAC and a partition equilibrium that might resemble the CAC. The second contribution is more subtle. We showed, for the case linear PEO with C16H33- end groups where the rheological behavior is remarkably simple, that flower-like micelles exist at low concentration, and undergo a transition to bridged micelles as higher concentrations. [see Macromolecules, 25, 7024-7030 (1992)] More important, we showed that both shear and extensional flow induced a bridge-to-loop transition of the PEO, leading to smaller structures, and lower solution viscosity, and throughout this transition, the mean size of the individual micelles (20 C16 chains per micelle) was unaffected. [see Langmuir, 9, ...
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are by-products of combustion. There are a large number of compounds that are classified as PAHs; some, such as benzo(a)pyrene, are carcinogenic. We have published research showing that pyrene is a good generic marker of PAH exposure and that urinary 1-hydroxypyrene is a suitable biomarker. HSE has set a GB guidance value for 1-hydroxypyrene in urine (4 µmol/mol creatinine).. Product Code: PE11630. Price: £58.00 (VAT free). ...
A new imaging contrast agent is reported that provides an increased fluorescent signal upon application of ultrasound (US). Liposomes containing lipids labelled with pyrene were optically excited and the excimer fluorescence emission intensity was detected in the absence and presence of an ultrasound field using an acousto-fluorescence setup. The acousto-fluorescence dynamics of liposomes containing lipids with pyrene labelled on the fatty acid tail group (PyPC) and the head group (PyPE) were compared. An increase in excimer emission intensity following exposure to US was observed for both cases studied. The increased intensity and time constants were found to be different for the PyPC and PyPE systems, and dependent on the applied US pressure and exposure time. The greatest change in fluorescence intensity (130%) and smallest rise time constant (0.33 s) are achieved through the use of PyPC labelled liposomes. The mechanism underlying the observed increase of the excimer emission intensity in ...
PMID 16864595] The influence of genetic polymorphisms in Ahr, CYP1A1, CYP1A2, CYP1B1, GST M1, GST T1 and UGT1A1 on urine 1-hydroxypyrene glucuronide concentrations in healthy subjects from Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. ...
EWGs Tap Water Database Benzo[a]pyrene results for Terra Nova Mobile Home Park | Benzo[a]pyrene. Find out what is in your tap water
Cells derived from mixed Syrian hamster embryo cultures were treated with pyrene (control) or with benzo[a]pyrene. Transformed clones were obtained only with the carcinogen. Some of the transformed clones were responsible for cell lines that produced tumors when injected into hamsters. These observations provide evidence that chemical-induced oncogenesis can be studied by an in vitro model. ...
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A new heterometallic diruthenium(III)-magnesium(II) complex functionalized with four pyrenecarboxylate fluorophores ,b,1,/b, has been synthesized and structurally characterized. Fluorescence from the pyrene moieties in ,b,1,/b, was nearly completely quenched in CH,sub,2,/sub,Cl,sub,2,/sub, (,98%), but turn-on fluorescence was successfully observed after regioselective substitution of the carboxylates bridging the heterometallic Ru(III)···Mg(II) sites.. ...
Under EPAs Guidelines for Carcinogen Risk Assessment (U.S. EPA, 2005a), benzo[a]pyrene is carcinogenic to humans based on strong and consistent evidence in animals and humans ...
Backer, J M. and Weinstein, I B., Interaction of benzo(a)pyrene and its dihydrodiol-epoxide derivative with nuclear and mitochondrial dna in c3h10t1/2 cell cultures. (1982). Subject Strain Bibliography 1982. 181 ...
benzo[a]pyrene | C20H12 | CID 2336 - structure, chemical names, physical and chemical properties, classification, patents, literature, biological activities, safety/hazards/toxicity information, supplier lists, and more.
Rigdon, R H.; Benge, M C.; Kirchoff, H; Mack, J; and Neal, J, Leukemia in mice fed benzo(a)pyrene, a clinical, pathologic and hematologic study. (1969). Subject Strain Bibliography 1969. 1799 ...
Page contains details about [email protected](1,6-bis(4-(((pyridin-2-yl)methylidene)amino)phenyl)pyrene)6(NTf2)8 . It has composition images, properties, Characterization methods, synthesis, applications and reference articles : nano.nature.com
1,2-Epoxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydrodibenzo(a,h)pyrene | C24H16O | CID 54292 - structure, chemical names, physical and chemical properties, classification, patents, literature, biological activities, safety/hazards/toxicity information, supplier lists, and more.
3-Methoxybenzo[a]pyrene/ACM63059687 can be provided in Alfa Chemistry. We are dedicated to provide our customers the best products and services.
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RE: New COKE formula.. We were discussing this the other evening, and someone came up with an interesting thoery.. Seems that COKE signed a contract in the early 1900s with their original distributors to sell their original formula for a fixed price (a price cap). Since then inflation has really hit hard, and COKE has been actively buying distributors for the last few years to get rid of the contracts, and then reselling the distributorships at terms more lucrative to COKE.. However, if they change the formula, then the agreement no longer applies. COKE can afford to lose market share, and still make larger profits. The only ones who lose are the consumers and the distributors.. Some of this is verifiable, some is pure conjecture. Treat this as net.rumor.. Jay ...
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A device for measuring a shape of a wall portion of an oven, such as a coke oven, the device comprising: - a box (20) having a main part (38) defining at least one opening (44) and a closing system (40) movable with respect to the main p ...
NICE has taken the fizz out of its good advice to parents to not run to us about juniors squits by vetoing flat coke or juice as a helpful remedy. Based on what evidence, asks Copperfield.
pictorialization genealogical unpaled arriswise subinfeudate undercrust preconfiguration fanlike autolaryngoscope Kalmarian textarian Lycian preambition preintercourse coke Hazara semisupination Anomodontia conglobately [email protected] ...
... was first isolated from coal tar, where it occurs up to 2% by weight. As a peri-fused PAH, pyrene is much more resonance ... Pyrene's fluorescence emission spectrum is very sensitive to solvent polarity, so pyrene has been used as a probe to determine ... Pyrene and its derivatives are used commercially to make dyes and dye precursors, for example pyranine and naphthalene-1,4,5,8- ... Pyrenes are strong electron donor materials and can be combined with several materials in order to make electron donor-acceptor ...
... Willan, 2001. Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 29 January 2011. "Pyrene punctata". ... Pyrene punctata, common name : the telescoped dove shell, is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family ...
Pyrene may refer to: Pyrene, a chemical compound. Carbon tetrachloride, pyrene is the brand name used by the Pyrene ... Pyrene (mythology), consort of Ares and the mother of Cycnus in Greek mythology Pyrene, a Celtic city near the sources of the ... a noted former Pyrene Company factory in London, England in the Art Deco style Pyrene (gastropod), a genus of sea snails from ... Danube mentioned by Herodotus: see Heuneburg The Pyrene Company Limited, a manufacturer of firefighting equipment The Pyrene ...
Pyrene flava (Bruguière, 1789) Pyrene morrisoni Willan, 2001 Pyrene obscura (G.B. Sowerby I, 1844) Pyrene obtusa (G.B. Sowerby ... Species within the genus Pyrene include: Pyrene albinodulosa ogasawarana (Pilsbry, 1904-b) Pyrene aspersa (G.B. Sowerby I, 1844 ... Pyrene decussata (G.B. Sowerby I, 1844) Pyrene exima (Reeve, 1859 in 1843-65)[citation needed] Pyrene fasciata G.B. Sowerby I, ... Pyrene filmerae (G. B. Sowerby III, 1900): synonym of Pyrene flava filmerae (G. B. Sowerby III, 1900) Pyrene flavida (Lamarck, ...
... , the yellow orange tip, is a small butterfly of the family Pieridae, that is, the yellows and whites, which is ... "Ixias pyrene (Linnaeus, 1764)". Lepidoptera and Some Other Life Forms. Retrieved July 2, 2018. One or more of the preceding ... Wikispecies has information related to Ixias pyrene. Varshney, R.K.; Smetacek, Peter (2015). A Synoptic Catalogue of the ... List of butterflies of India (Pieridae) Wikimedia Commons has media related to Ixias pyrene. ...
"Pyrene obtusa obtusa". Gastropods.com. Retrieved 29 January 2011. Wikimedia Commons has media related to Pyrene obtusa. ( ... Pyrene obtusa is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family Columbellidae, the dove snails. The shell ... Pyrene obtusa. Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 29 January 2011. Kiener (1840). General species and ...
In Greek mythology, Pyrene (Ancient Greek: Πυρήνη) may refer to: Pyrene, daughter of King Bebrycius and a lover (or victim, ... Pyrene, also called Pelopia, mother of Cycnus with Ares. Silius Italicus, Punica 3.415-446 Bell's New Pantheon Or Historical ...
Subspecies Pyrene flava filmerae (G. B. Sowerby III, 1900) Pyrene flava flava (Bruguière, 1789) The shell size varies between ... Pyrene flava, common name : the yellow dove shell, is a species of sea snail, a marine gastropod mollusk in the family ... "Pyrene flava". Gastropods.com. Retrieved 4 November 2010. Duclos, P.L. (1840). Histoire naturelle générale et particulière de ... Pyrene flava Bruguiere. Retrieved through: World Register of Marine Species on 4 November 2010. Dautzenberg, Ph. (1929). ...
Benzopyrene Benzo[a]pyrene Benzene Pyrene, a four-ring analogue v t e (Articles with short description, Short description ... Benzo[e]pyrene is a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon with the chemical formula C20H12. It is listed as a Group 3 carcinogen by ...
Benzo[a]pyrene-7,8-dihydrodiol-9,10-epoxide is the carcinogenic product of three enzymatic reactions: Benzo[a]pyrene is first ... Benzopyrene Benzo[e]pyrene Pyrene, a four-ring analogue Toxification Henri A. Favre, Warren H. Powell (2013). Nomenclature of ... ISBN 978-1-4987-5429-3. "benzo[a]pyrene". pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. "Assessment of Benzo-alpha-pyrene Emissions in the Great ... Benzo[a]pyrene (BaP or B[a]P) is a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon and the result of incomplete combustion of organic matter at ...
Pyrene was taken over by Chubb and Sons in 1967 and continued to operate under the name Pyrene Panorama. In 1971 Chubb Fire ... The Pyrene Manufacturing Company of Canada, the CO2 Equipment Company of Canada and the American Pyrene Company were all ... Pyrene Panorama Ltd was established in 1959 when Pyrene purchased the business of Panorama Equipment Ltd, which itself dated ... He established what became known as the Pyrene Company of Delaware in 1909. A British offshoot, The Pyrene Company Limited was ...
... pyrene and 2-fluoroindeno[1,2,3-cd]pyrene respectively. The reaction with indeno[1,2,3-cd]pyrene can be performed using NHO3 in ... One of these 16 is Indeno[1,2,3-cd]pyrene (IP). IP is the combination of an indeno molecule and a pyrene molecule with a ... "Indeno[1,2,3-cd]pyrene". PubChem. Minabe M, Shibuya N. Nitration of indeno[1,2,3-cd]pyrene and mutagenic activities of related ... 1983). Indeno(1,2,3-cd)pyrene. 32, 373 K Schirmer, A.G.J Chan, B.M Greenberg, D.G Dixon, N.C Bols. (1998). Ability of 16 ...
Benzo[a]pyrene is a derivative in which a fifth benzene ring has been fused to the pyrene system, and is a component of tobacco ... Benzo[a]pyrene-7,8-dihydrodiol-9,10-epoxide is a metabolite of benzo[a]pyrene formed by the introduction of vicinal hydroxyl ... Benzo[a]pyrene-7,8-dihydrodiol-9,10-epoxide has been shown to bind to an N2 atom of a guanine nucleobase in DNA, distorting the ... Benzo[a]pyrene-7,8-dihydrodiol-9,10-epoxide binds to the N2 atom of a guanine nucleobase in DNA, distorting the double helix ...
Pyrenes with thick walls. The generic name Lasianthus is derived from the Greek lasios, "shaggy, velvety, hairy", and anthos, " ...
Mineralizes phenanthrene, fluoranthene, and pyrene, but not anthracene or benzo[a]pyrene. Differential characteristics The ... Etymology: pyrenivorans; digesting pyrene. Microscopy Gram-positive, acid-fast rods. Colony characteristics The rough colonies ...
"Pyrene crash tenders". Flight. 2 September 1960. p. 84. (Use dmy dates from February 2018, Use British English from February ... From the late 1970s on they were replaced by vehicles like the Thornycroft Nubian Pyrene Mark 7. "Alvis FV-651 / FV-652 ... Fire fighting equipment was provided by The Pyrene Company Limited. It could produce 7,500 gallons of foam per minute and ... carried a crew of 6. 125 Salamanders were built and used in the Royal Air Force (as the Alvis Salamander/Pyrene Mark 6) and the ...
"Pyrene Fire Extinguishers". Vintage Fire Extinguishers. Archived from the original on 25 March 2010. Retrieved 23 December 2009 ... the Pyrene Manufacturing Company of Delaware filed a patent to use carbon tetrachloride to extinguish fires. The liquid was ... Pyrene patented a small, portable extinguisher that used the chemical. The extinguisher consisted of a brass bottle with an ...
"Piquentum Wines". Les Caves de Pyrene. 2018-01-23. "The influence of yeasts type and malolactic fermentation on the quality of ...
Mistry, A. (31 May 2012). "Dehydration of 3,4-dihydro-5H-Benzo[cd]pyren-5-ol; 6H-Benzo[cd]pyrene". ChemSpider. Royal Society of ... The synthesis starts using a Wittig reaction of pyrene carboxaldehyde. To obtain the ylide needed, firstly triphenyl phosphine ... pyrenes". Chemistry: A European Journal. 21 (5): 2011-2018. doi:10.1002/chem.201404877. PMID 25469908. Palmer, J. (28 May 2012 ...
... degrades pyrene. Parte, A.C. "Bowmanella". LPSN. "Bowmanella pacifica Taxon Passport - StrainInfo". www. ... nov., isolated from a pyrene-degrading consortium". International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology. 59 (7): ...
"All you needed to know about qvevri but were afraid to ask". Les Caves De Pyrene. Retrieved Oct 6, 2019. Barisashvili, Giorgi ( ...
Fruit is a globose drupe with 5 pyrenes. Source: Hindi - Nalbila Marathi - Ranabili, Gudmai Tamil - Puilipan cheddi, ...
Four higher annellated pyrenes with acene character". Journal of the Chemical Society (Resumed): 2681. doi:10.1039/JR9570002681 ...
pyrene as its sodium salt. Perylene in the form of its alkali metal (M = Li, Na, Cs) etherates. Cyclooctatetraene is reduced by ... Ease of formation is in the order benzene < naphthalene < anthracene < pyrene, etc. Salts of the radical anions are often not ... Kucera, Benjamin E.; Jilek, Robert E.; Brennessel, William W.; Ellis, John E. (2014). "Bis(pyrene)metal complexes of vanadium, ... niobium and titanium: Isolable homoleptic pyrene complexes of transition metals". Acta Crystallographica Section C: Structural ...
Hand propelled Pyrene fire extinguisher. Shand Mason horse-drawn fire engine. Shand Mason horse-drawn steam pump BOR 316 Dennis ...
"Pyrene": "For the Ister flows from the land of the Celts and the city of Pyrene through the very middle of Europe..." Since the ... Official website of the Heuneburg Museum Heuneburg Pyrene Crossing the Alps: Early Urbanism between Northern Italy and Central ... Linsmeier, Klaus-Dieter (2006-11-26). "Ausgrabungen: Pyrene, im Land der Kelten". Der Spiegel (in German). ISSN 2195-1349. ...
Klankeo, Piriya; Nopcharoenkul, Wannarak; Pinyakong, Onruthai (2009). "Two novel pyrene-degrading Diaphorobacter sp. and ...
Klankeo, Piriya; Nopcharoenkul, Wannarak; Pinyakong, Onruthai (2009). "Two novel pyrene-degrading Diaphorobacter sp. and ...
Theoretical and experimental studies on pyrene derivatives". Afterwards, she worked as a scientist at the European Synchrotron ...
nov., isolated from a pyrene-degrading consortium". International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology. 59 (7): ...
... pyrene. Find out what is in your tap water ... Benzo[a]pyrene. Marianna. Benzo[a]pyrene is a polycyclic ... The EWG Health Guideline of 0.007 ppb for benzo[a]pyrene was defined by the California Office of Environmental Health Hazard ... The legal limit for benzo[a]pyrene, established in 1992, was based on analytical detection limits at the time that the standard ...
Kandalam, A.K.; Jena, P.; Li, X.; Eustis, S.N.; Bowen, K.H., Photoelectron spectroscopy and theoretical studies of [Co-m(pyrene ... Co2(pyrene)2 radical anion. *Formula: C32H20Co2- ...
... 0-9. A. B. C. D. E. F. G. H. I. J. K. L. M. N. O. P. Q. R. S. T. U. V. W. ...
Testing Status of Indeno(1,2,3-cd)pyrene 12064. CASRN: 193-39-5. Formula: C22-H12. Synonyms/Common Names. *1,10-(1,2-Phenylene) ... pyrene. Organ Systems Toxicity. *28 days Immunotoxicity (Gavage) (I12064) Data in Review *Citation: Hsieh JH, Sedykh A, Mutlu E ...
... with German, Dutch, French, Italian, and Spanish translations and search. Pronunciation sound files. ... Supplemental Details:Sponsor an extended definition for pyrene for as little as $10 per month. Click here to contact us.. Full ...
the small hard nutlet of a drupe or drupelet; the seed and the hard endocarp that surrounds it
Heuneburg - Stadt Pyrene .cls-1{fill:#007fab;}.cls-2{fill:none;stroke:#007fab;}. .cls-1{fill:#007fab;}. ... 5000 Einwohnern ihre Bl\u00fctezeit und wird beim griechischen Autor Herodot als Polis Pyrene erw\u00e4hnt. Ihre bedeutende ... 5000 Einwohnern ihre Blütezeit und wird beim griechischen Autor Herodot als Polis Pyrene erwähnt. Ihre bedeutende Stellung ... E-Mail [email protected]pyrene.de Web https://www.heuneburg-pyrene.de ...
... pyrene, B[a]P) at different doses (0, 50, 200 or 300 mg/kg body weight). Mutant frequency was then determined in a meiotic cell ... Leavitt SA, George MH, Moore T, Ross JA (2008) Mutations induced by benzo[a]pyrene and dibenzo[a,l]pyrene in lacI transgenic ... Benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P) Treatment. B[a]P (Fluka Chemical Corp., Milwaukee WI) was ground into a fine powder using a mortar and ... Benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P) is a ubiquitous polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAH) and environmental mutagen. Primary exposure to ...
data-and-maps/figures/ga-downloads/Z2DO9TP9NZ/benzo-a-pyrene-annual Download. * Original file application/postscript (10.05 MB ... Benzo(a)pyrene - Annual target value for the protection of human health This website has limited functionality with javascript ... This page was archived on 22 Aug 2014 with reason: Other (New version data-and-maps/figures/benzo-a-pyrene-annual-3 was ... For references, please go to https://www.eea.europa.eu/data-and-maps/figures/benzo-a-pyrene-annual or scan the QR code. ...
... and pyrene (C16H10) is studied for low-velocity collisions (v ≤ 0.6 a.u.). The mass spectrometric analysis shows that singly ... Multiple ionization and fragmentation of isolated pyrene and coronene molecules in collision with ions Arkadiusz Lawicki 1 A. I ... and pyrene (C16H10) is studied for low-velocity collisions (v ≤ 0.6 a.u.). The mass spectrometric analysis shows that singly ... Multiple ionization and fragmentation of isolated pyrene and coronene molecules in collision with ions. Physical Review A : ...
The Metabolism of 4,5-Dihydro-4,5-dihydroxybenzo[a]pyrene by Short-Term Organ Cultures of Hamster Trachea and Lung BRIAN P. ... BRIAN P. MOORE, GERALD M. COHEN, JAMES W. BRIDGES, DENNIS V. PARKE; The Metabolism of 4,5-Dihydro-4,5-dihydroxybenzo[a]pyrene ...
Can biomonitors effectively detect airborne benzo[a]pyrene? An evaluation approach using modelling Nuno Ratola1,2 and Pedro ... Ratola, N. and Jiménez-Guerrero, P.: Can biomonitors effectively detect airborne benzo[a]pyrene? An evaluation approach using ... pyrene (BaP). A comparison of ways to estimate air concentrations of BaP from its levels in vegetation is also a strong asset ... pyrene (BaP) and, at the same time, fuelled the comparison with chemistry transport model representations. Simulations with the ...
By directly attaching trialkylsilyl groups to the pyrene spacer, we eliminate the need for highly flexible ethynyl linkages to ... and explore the ways in which this disorder can be mitigated through the use of directly silylated pyrene delimited acenes. ... By directly attaching trialkylsilyl groups to the pyrene spacer, we eliminate the need for highly flexible ethynyl linkages to ... Fregoso, Garrett, "Crystal Engineering of Asymmetric and Pyrene Fused Annulenes for Use in Organic Electronic Materials" (2022 ...
Pyrene labeled actin for studying actin polymerization, is a highly used and extensively cited actin tool which if often used ... An N-(1-pyrene) iodoacetamide is used to label the actin protein. Pyrene labeling stoichiometry has been determined to be 0.6 ... Figure 1. Pyrene Muscle Actin Protein Purity Determination. A 100 µg sample of pyrene muscle actin (molecular weight approx. 43 ... Stringent quality control ensures that AP05 pyrene F-actin has a 7-12 fold fluorescent enhancement over non-polymerized pyrene ...
... provide Pyrene 129-00-0 product and the products related with China Pyrene 129-00-0 - spring-chem ... Pyrene. Category : Dyestuffs and Pigments. CAS NO : 129-00-0. EC NO : 204-927-3. Molecular Formula : C16H10. Main ... Send your inquiry to Pyrene supplier. Enter your inquiry here and then click Send. Enter between 20 to 3,000 characters,English ... China Pyrene 129-00-0 Suppliers and China Pyrene 129-00-0 Manufacturers, ...
Application of benzo(a)pyrene to the dorsal skin did not increase the basal cyclic AMP levels in the ears; this indicates that ... Topical application of benzo(a)pyrene caused a rise in the basal levels of cyclic AMP and a decreased response to isoproterenol ... The effect of benzo(a)pyrene on the accumulation of cyclic adenosine 3′,5′-monophosphate (cyclic AMP) in mouse skin in response ... Ajit K. Verma, Andrew W. Murray; The Effect of Benzo(a)pyrene on the Basal and Isoproterenolstimulated Levels of Cyclic ...
... pyrene-end-labeled PDMS and its precursor, telechelic, amine-end-labeled PDMS. The pyrene-end-labeled PDMS forms physical ... pyrene-end-labeled PDMS and its precursor, telechelic, amine-end-labeled PDMS. The pyrene-end-labeled PDMS forms physical ... pyrene-end-labeled PDMS and its precursor, telechelic, amine-end-labeled PDMS. The pyrene-end-labeled PDMS forms physical ... pyrene-end-labeled PDMS and its precursor, telechelic, amine-end-labeled PDMS. The pyrene-end-labeled PDMS forms physical ...
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Pyrene. CAS No. 129-00-0. General Information. Pyrene has been used as a starting material for producing optical brighteners ... Pyrene is commonly found in PAH mixtures, and its urinary metabolite, 1-hydroxypyrene, has been used widely as an indicator of ... Notable pyrene sources include domestic heating sources, particularly wood burning; gasoline fuel exhaust; coal tar and asphalt ... The metabolic pathways and enzyme-inducing effects of specific PAHs, such as benz[a]pyrene, have been actively studied to ...
... pyrene degraded into more harmful substances. Consequently, the thermodynamic parameters of the benzo(a)... ... pyrene-water-oxygen systems were investigated in wide ranges of change of temperature value and initial components to predict ... pyrene degraded into more harmful substances. Consequently, the thermodynamic parameters of the benzo(a) pyrene-water-oxygen ... Determination of the concentration of benzo(a)pyrene in samples of flue gases of DKVR-4/13 and PTVM- 30M boiler units of the ...
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Discover the best places for photography at Parc National des Pyrenes. All spots have the exact geo-tracking data & are great ... Top photos from 1 spot at Parc National des Pyrenes. Cirque de Troumouse, french Pyrenees. photo by Julien CHIQUET ... Explore the best places for photography at Parc National des Pyrenes latest contributors ...
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Triazolyl alkoxy fischer carbene complexes in conjugation with ferrocene/pyrene as sensory units: multifunctional chemosensors ... having a fluorescent pyrene unit, selectively recognizes Zn2+ and Cu2+ ions. The binding ability of receptor 3 can be inferred ... connected to the ferrocene or pyrene moiety through a 1,2,3-triazole ring. Receptor 3 contains a redox-active ferrocene moiety ... Triazolyl alkoxy fischer carbene complexes in conjugation with ferrocene/pyrene as sensory units: multifunctional chemosensors ...
Text; Format: print Publication details: Cambridge, Mass. : Health Effects Institute, 1986Availability: Items available for loan: WHO HQ (1)Call number: QV 633 86BE. ...
URXP10 - 1-pyrene (ng/L). Variable Name: URXP10. SAS Label: 1-pyrene (ng/L). English Text: 1-pyrene (ng/L). Target: Both males ... URDP10LC - 1-pyrene comment code. Variable Name: URDP10LC. SAS Label: 1-pyrene comment code. English Text: 1-pyrene comment ...
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... Molecular formula:C16H10. Molecular weight:202.24. Structural formula:. CAS NO:129-00-0. Appearance: yellow green ... Uses:Pyrene can be used in the production of 1,4,5,8-naphthalene tetraformic acid,dye,synthetic resin and insecticide.. ...
I2-pyrene is found to be the most stable complex due to the strongest mutual polarization effects and is carrying more than 60 ... The interaction between Cl2 and pyrene is the weakest and it is attributed to the highest polarizability/molar mass ratio of ... The complexes of highly polarizable bromine and iodine molecules with pyrene are very stable and they carry rather large number ... Keywords: dihalogens, halogen bonding, noncovalent interactions, post-HF methods, pyrene * Istanbul Technical University ...
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