Pyrazines are heterocyclic organic compounds containing a six-membered ring with two nitrogen atoms at opposite positions, often responsible for the characteristic flavors and aromas found in various foods, beverages, and some biological systems, but they do not have a direct medical definition as they are not a drug, treatment, or a significant component of human physiology or pathology.

Inhibition by amiloride of sodium-dependent fluid reabsorption in the rat isolated caudal epididymis. (1/2047)

The rate of fluid reabsorption was studied in the rat isolated caudal epididymal sac in vitro. 2 Part of the fluid reabsorption was found to be dependent on intraluminal Na+. Amiloride (0.1 mM) completely inhibited this component of fluid reabsorption. 3 The log dose-inhibition curve to amiloride was sigmoid and the IC50 value was found to be 1.6 muM.  (+info)

Fluid secretion by the malpighian tubules of the tsetse fly Glossina morsitans: the effects of ouabain, ethacrynic acid and amiloride. (2/2047)

The effects of three inhibitors of sodium transport on the secretion of fluid by the Malpighian tubules of Glossina morsitans have been observed. The cardiac glycoside, ouabain, affects neither the rate of secretion nor the sodium concentration of the fluid secreted when isolated tubules are bathed by solutions containing a range of sodium and potassium concentrations. Secretion is inhibited, however, by ethacrynic acid and amiloride. The results confirm that fluid secretion by the Malpighian tubules of this insect is dependent on the active transport of sodium ions and show that Na+/k+ exchange pumps are not involved in this process.  (+info)

Protective alterations in phase 1 and 2 metabolism of aflatoxin B1 by oltipraz in residents of Qidong, People's Republic of China. (3/2047)

BACKGROUND: Residents of Qidong, People's Republic of China, are at high risk for development of hepatocellular carcinoma, in part due to consumption of foods contaminated with aflatoxins, which require metabolic activation to become carcinogenic. In a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind phase IIa chemoprevention trial, we tested oltipraz, an antischistosomal drug that has been shown to be a potent and effective inhibitor of aflatoxin-induced hepatocarcinogenesis in animal models. METHODS: In 1995, 234 adults from Qidong were enrolled. Healthy eligible individuals were randomly assigned to receive by mouth 125 mg oltipraz daily, 500 mg oltipraz weekly, or a placebo. Sequential immunoaffinity chromatography and liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry or to fluorescence detection were used to identify and quantify phase 1 and phase 2 metabolites of aflatoxin B1 in the urine of study participants. Reported P values are two-sided. RESULTS: One month of weekly administration of 500 mg oltipraz led to a 51% decrease in median levels of the phase 1 metabolite aflatoxin M1 excreted in urine compared with administration of a placebo (P = .030), but it had no effect on levels of a phase 2 metabolite, aflatoxin-mercapturic acid (P = .871). By contrast, daily intervention with 125 mg oltipraz led to a 2.6-fold increase in median aflatoxin-mercapturic acid excretion (P = .017) but had no effect on excreted aflatoxin M1 levels (P = .682). CONCLUSIONS: Intermittent, high-dose oltipraz inhibited phase 1 activation of aflatoxins, and sustained low-dose oltipraz increased phase 2 conjugation of aflatoxin, yielding higher levels of aflatoxin-mercapturic acid. While both mechanisms can contribute to protection, this study highlights the feasibility of inducing phase 2 enzymes as a chemopreventive strategy in humans.  (+info)

Effects of dexamethasone, ibuprofen, and ligustrazini on lipopolysaccharides-induced tumor necrosis factor alpha production. (4/2047)

AIM: To study the influence of dexamethasone (Dex), ibuprofen (Ibu), and ligustrazini (Lig) on lipopolysaccharides (LPS)-induced tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF alpha) gene expression (both mRNA and protein). METHODS: TNF alpha in supernatants of human whole blood was measured by ELISA; The TNF alpha mRNA was assessed by slot blot analysis. RESULTS: LPS-induced TNF alpha production was in a dose-dependent manner. TNF alpha levels in the whole blood increased markedly at 3 h and peaked at 6 h. The induction of TNF alpha mRNA was very rapid, peaking at 2 h after LPS challenge. Dex exerted inhibitory effects on TNF alpha production in a dose-dependent manner. Ibu and Lig had 2-phase effects on TNF alpha release. CONCLUSION: Dex, Ibu, and Lig affected TNF alpha gene expression, so they may be new approaches of anti-TNF alpha for treatment of sepsis.  (+info)

Inhibition of carbohydrate-mediated glucagon-like peptide-1 (7-36)amide secretion by circulating non-esterified fatty acids. (5/2047)

Two studies were performed to assess the entero-insular axis in simple obesity and the possible effect of variations in the level of circulating non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) on one of the components of the entero-insular axis, glucagon-like peptide-1 [(7-36) amide]. In the first study, we compared the entero-pancreatic hormone response to oral carbohydrate in obese and lean women. Obese subjects demonstrated hyperinsulinaemia and impaired glucose tolerance but this was not associated with an increased secretion of either glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide or glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1). These findings therefore provide no support for the hypothesis that overactivity of the entero-insular axis contributes to the hyperinsulinaemia seen in obesity. Indeed, the plasma GLP-1 response to carbohydrate was markedly attenuated in obese subjects, confirming previous observations. In the second study, in which carbohydrate-stimulated GLP-1 responses were again evaluated in obese and lean women, circulating NEFA levels were modulated using either heparin (to increase serum NEFA) or acipimox (to reduce serum NEFA). Treatment with acipimox resulted in complete suppression of NEFA levels and in a markedly higher GLP-1 response than the response to carbohydrate alone or to carbohydrate plus heparin. We suggest that higher fasting and postprandial NEFA levels in obesity may tonically inhibit nutrient-mediated GLP-1 secretion, and that this results in attenuation of the GLP-1 response to carbohydrate. However, although serum NEFA levels post-acipimox were similarly suppressed in both lean and obese subjects, the GLP-1 response was again significantly lower in obese subjects, suggesting the possibility of an intrinsic defect of GLP-1 secretion in obesity. The reduction of GLP-1 levels in obesity may be important both in relation to its insulinotropic effect and to its postulated role as a satiety factor.  (+info)

The flavin environment in old yellow enzyme. An evaluation of insights from spectroscopic and artificial flavin studies. (6/2047)

Spectroscopic and chemical modification studies of modified flavins bound to old yellow enzyme have led to predictions about the flavin environment of this enzyme. These studies analyzed solvent accessibility and hydrogen bonding patterns of particular flavin atoms, in addition to suggesting amino acid residues that are in close proximity to those atoms. Here, these studies are evaluated in the light of the crystal structure of old yellow enzyme to reveal that the spectroscopic and modified flavin results are generally consistent with the crystal structure. This highlights the fact that these are useful methods for studying flavin binding site structure. Although several of the inferred properties of the flavin environment are not consistent with the crystal structure, these discrepancies occurred in cases where an incorrect choice was made from among multiple plausible explanations for an experimental result. We conclude that modified flavin studies are powerful probes of flavin environment; however, it is risky to specify details of interactions, especially because of uncertainties due to induced charge delocalization in the flavin.  (+info)

Chemiluminescent detection of oxidants in vascular tissue. Lucigenin but not coelenterazine enhances superoxide formation. (7/2047)

Lucigenin-amplified chemiluminescence has frequently been used to assess the formation of superoxide in vascular tissues. However, the ability of lucigenin to undergo redox cycling in purified enzyme-substrate mixtures has raised questions concerning the use of lucigenin as an appropriate probe for the measurement of superoxide production. Addition of lucigenin to reaction mixtures of xanthine oxidase plus NADH resulted in increased oxygen consumption, as well as superoxide dismutase-inhibitable reduction of cytochrome c, indicative of enhanced rates of superoxide formation. Additionally, it was revealed that lucigenin stimulated oxidant formation by both cultured bovine aortic endothelial cells and isolated rings from rat aorta. Lucigenin treatment resulted in enhanced hydrogen peroxide release from endothelial cells, whereas exposure to lucigenin resulted in inhibition of endothelium-dependent relaxation in isolated aortic rings that was superoxide dismutase inhibitable. In contrast, the chemiluminescent probe coelenterazine had no significant effect on xanthine oxidase-dependent oxygen consumption, endothelial cell hydrogen peroxide release, or endothelium-dependent relaxation. Study of enzyme and vascular systems indicated that coelenterazine chemiluminescence is a sensitive marker for detecting both superoxide and peroxynitrite.  (+info)

Molecular basis for hepatic detoxifying enzyme induction by 2-(allylthio)pyrazine in rats in comparison with oltipraz: effects on prooxidant production and DNA degradation. (8/2047)

The expression of hepatic microsomal epoxide hydrolase (mEH) and glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) by 2-(allylthio)pyrazine (2-AP), an experimental chemopreventive agent, was investigated in rats. Northern blot analysis revealed that 2-AP caused increases in mEH, rGSTA2/3/5, and rGSTM1/2 mRNA levels. mEH and rGSTA2 proteins were also induced. Molecular basis of the enzyme induction by 2-AP was studied in comparison with oltipraz (Olt). Rats exposed to buthionine sulfoximine, a GSH-depleting agent, before treatment with either 2-AP or Olt exhibited greater increases in the mRNA levels than the individual treatment. Conversely, increases of the mRNAs were prevented by cysteine treatment, indicating that metabolic intermediates or reactive oxygens produced from the agents could be reduced by cysteine. Gel shift analysis revealed that nuclear factor-kappaB, which is associated with the altered cellular redox state, was not activated by the agents. Effects of these agents on the breakage of phix-174 DNA were compared in vitro. 2-AP effectively reduced the conversion of supercoiled DNA to the open circular form induced by benzenetriol and prevented benzenetriol- and iron-catalyzed degradation of DNA, whereas Olt failed to prevent strand breakage of DNA. These results provided evidence that: 1) 2-AP was effective in elevating the hepatic mEH and GST gene expression in rats, which might be mediated with the production of reactive oxygen species; 2) nuclear factor-kappaB activation was not involved in the induction of the detoxifying enzymes by either 2-AP or Olt in spite of their production of reactive oxygens in vivo; and 3) the antioxidant effect of 2-AP in vitro differed from that of Olt.  (+info)

I'm sorry for any confusion, but "pyrazines" is not a term commonly used in medical definitions. Pyrazines are actually a class of organic compounds that contain a ring made up of two nitrogen atoms and three carbon atoms. They are found in various foods and contribute to their flavors. If you have any questions about organic chemistry or food science, I'd be happy to try to help!

... then condensed and then oxidized to a pyrazine. A variation is the Gutknecht pyrazine synthesis (1879) also based on this ... Pyrazine is less basic than pyridine, pyridazine and pyrimidine. It is a "deliquescent crystal or wax-like solid with a pungent ... Pyrazine is a heterocyclic aromatic organic compound with the chemical formula C4H4N2. It is a symmetrical molecule with point ... Many methods exist for the organic synthesis of pyrazine and its derivatives. Some of these are among the oldest synthesis ...
Effect of mass and turning time on free amino acid, peptide-N, sugar and pyrazine concentration during cocoa fermentation. P ... Zhao, Chao; Cao, Hui; Xiao, Jianbo (2020). "Pyrazines in Food". Handbook of Dietary Phytochemicals. Springer: 1-25. doi:10.1007 ... Alkylpyrazines are chemical compounds based on pyrazine with different substitution patterns. Some alkylpyrazines are naturally ... "Structure-odor relationships for disubstituted pyrazines". Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry. 36 (6): 1242-7. doi: ...
12a Pyrazine; 12 Pyrazine dimer; 13 Uracil dimer; 14a Indole; 14 Indole/benzene; 15 Adenine/thymine stack; 16b Ethyne; 16 ...
Chesseman, G. W. H.; Cookson, R. F. (2009). The Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds, Condensed Pyrazines. John Wiley & Sons. p ...
The nitrogen compounds include pyridines, picolines and pyrazines. The sulfur compounds include thiophenes and polysulfides ...
During prey capture, the workers can sting the prey; their poison gland contains a mixture of pyrazines. Through group-hunting ...
Flavorings may contain menthol, sugars, esters, and pyrazines. Flavor components include eucalyptol, camphor, methyl salicylate ...
"Homolytic acylation of protonated pyridines and pyrazines with .alpha.-keto acids: The problem of monoacylation". The Journal ...
This procedure is now known as the Staedel-Rugheimer pyrazine synthesis. First synthesis of tropic acid in 1880, together with ... First synthesis of piperine (1882). Staedel-Rugheimer pyrazine synthesis W Pötsch. Lexikon bedeutender Chemiker (VEB ... was a notable German chemist whose name is connected to the Staedel-Rugheimer pyrazine synthesis, a reaction that was ... Published an article together with Wilhelm Staedel concerning the synthesis of pyrazines by reacting α-haloketones with ammonia ...
It is a derivative of pyrazine. Lednicer D, Mitscher LA (1980-05-13). The Organic Chemistry of Drug Synthesis. ISBN ...
Workers can detect pyrazines which are produced by the alates; these pyrazines may be involved in nuptial flight, as well as an ... Vander Meer, R.K.; Preston, C.A.; Choi, M.-Y. (2010). "Isolation of a pyrazine alarm pheromone component from the fire ant, ...
Other six-membered ring analogs are for example pyrimidines and pyrazines. In addition to the five and six-membered ring ...
Chemically, acetylpyrazine is a pyrazine and a ketone. Acetylpyrazine is found in foods such as seeds, nuts and meats. It is ...
Common defenses include cardiac glycosides (or cardenolides), pyrrolizidine alkaloids, pyrazines, and histamines. Larvae ...
Related pyrazine- and cyclohexadiene-based reagents have been developed. They are red or orange THF-soluble solids. The ... LiCl A typical reduction reaction is the conversion of tungsten hexachloride to the tetrachloride using the silylated pyrazine ...
... pyrazine-1,4-dione. Not to be confused with a cyclopropanyl moiety. NCBI Inxight (ncats) 4QBJ98683M "Noopept Information". ...
Like amiloride, it is a guanidinium group-containing pyrazine derivative. Benzamil is closely related to amiloride. By adding ...
A typical formulation consists of ethylenediamine, pyrocatechol, pyrazine and water. It is carcinogenic and very corrosive. It ...
"Elastic and inelastic low-energy electron collisions with pyrazine" (PDF). The Journal of Chemical Physics. 135 (14): 144308. ...
... or by reduction of pyrazine with sodium in ethanol. A form in which piperazine is commonly available industrially is as the ... Amine gas treating Methyl diethanolamine Piperidine Pyrazine Pyridine "Front Matter". Nomenclature of Organic Chemistry : IUPAC ...
Buttery, Ron G.; Seifert, Richard M.; Guadagni, Dante G.; Ling, Louisa C. (1971). "Characterization of Volatile Pyrazine and ... and pyrazine. Impure pyridine was undoubtedly prepared by early alchemists by heating animal bones and other organic matter, ...
Along with pyrazines, they are also the most odorous chemicals in cigar smokers' breath. These substances are noticeable even ...
Overcoming High Pressures by 2,3-Bis(2-pyridyl)pyrazine Doping". Crystal Growth & Design. 15 (6): 3032-3037. doi:10.1021/acs. ... pyrazine (dpp) as a doping agent. The influence of the pH of the starting solution on the growth and formation processes of ...
They range from polyfunctional heterocycles, such as pyrazine, to simple halides. Almost any type of atom with a lone pair of ...
Catalytic combinations: i) "vanadium derivative plus pyrazine-2-carboxylic acid (PCA)"; ii) "a dinuclear manganese(IV) complex ...
Coccinellid haemolymph (blood) contains toxic alkaloids, azamacrolides and polyamines, as well as foul-smelling pyrazines. ...
5) Nitriles may be released in rDA reactions of DA adducts of pyrimidines or pyrazines. The resulting highly substituted ...
Yarkova MA, Mokrov GV, Gudasheva TA, Seredenin SB (Nov 2016). "Novel Pyrrolo[1,2-a]Pyrazines (TSPO Ligands) with Anxiolytic ... pyrazine-3-carboxamides, and its anxiolytic effects were examined using the open field test (OFT) and the elevated plus maze ( ... pyrazine-3-carboxamides". Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry. 23 (13): 3368-78. doi:10.1016/j.bmc.2015.04.049. PMID 25937237. ...
This is to such an extent that Grindstaff pyrazine is sometimes just called the "bell pepper pyrazine." The human nose can ... Unlike capsaicin, which is produced and mainly stored in the placenta of the pepper, Grindstaff pyrazine is mainly contained in ... 3-Isobutyl-2-methoxypyrazine (2-isobutyl-3-methoxypyrazine also known as Grindstaff pyrazine) is a methoxypyrazine that is very ... 2002). "The FEMA GRAS assessment of pyrazine derivatives used as flavor ingredients". Food and Chemical Toxicology. 40 (4): 429 ...
... (CPP or 6-chloro-2-(1-piperazinyl)pyrazine) is a serotonin agonist. It promotes the secretion of serum prolactin and ... pyrazine (CPP; MK-212)". European Journal of Pharmacology. 44 (1): 65-74. doi:10.1016/0014-2999(77)90117-0. PMID 885160. Porter ...
... then condensed and then oxidized to a pyrazine. A variation is the Gutknecht pyrazine synthesis (1879) also based on this ... Pyrazine is less basic than pyridine, pyridazine and pyrimidine. It is a "deliquescent crystal or wax-like solid with a pungent ... Pyrazine is a heterocyclic aromatic organic compound with the chemical formula C4H4N2. It is a symmetrical molecule with point ... Many methods exist for the organic synthesis of pyrazine and its derivatives. Some of these are among the oldest synthesis ...
See examples of PYRAZINE used in a sentence. ... Pyrazines are components of many important compounds, including ...
Pyrazine Specialties & CTC Organics Presentation - Download as a PDF or view online for free ... Pyrazine Specialties has distilled some of the purest pyrazine products in the industry! CTC CTC Organics has been serving the ... SERVICES Pyrazine Specialties offers an extensive product line of over 150 pyrazine compounds. CTC Organics has over 850 hard ... Similar to Pyrazine Specialties & CTC Organics Presentation(. 20. ). Green Day - 100% Compostable Cutlery. Erica Han•267. views ...
... pyrazines is described using a Pd-catalyzed amide coupling reaction. This reaction provides quick access to products with ... Conversion of oxadiazolo[3,4-b]pyrazines to imidazo[4,5-b]pyrazines via a tandem reduction-cyclization sequence generates new ... Synthesis of Imidazo[4,5-b]pyridines and Imidazo[4,5-b]pyrazines by Palladium Catalyzed Amidation of 2-Chloro-3-amino- ... Metal-free protocol for the synthesis of novel 6-(het)aryl-5-aryl-5H-imidazo[4,5-b][1,2,5]oxadiazolo[3,4-e]pyrazines. Mendeleev ...
... pyrazine Flavis No 3306 and more food-grade flavor ingredients at Sigma-Aldrich.com ... 5H-5-Methyl-6,7-dihydrocyclopenta[b]pyrazine is the major flavor compound of palm sugar.. It is also found in coffee. and ...
Preparation of 3-Aminoimidazo[1,2-a]pyrazines. Estelle Durantie presents an industrial process to access 3-aminoimidazo[1,2-a] ... The scale-up of the synthesis of 3-aminoimidazo[1,2-a]pyrazines can be a key step in drug development. Recently, the group of ... 3-Aminoimidazo[1,2-a]pyrazines are important building blocks for the pharmaceutical and agrochemical industries, as this ... One-pot, two-step procedure to synthesize 3-aminoimidazo[1,2-a]pyrazines ...
... Molecular Formula: C11H6ClN3S2 ...
... units combined with pyrazine-containing moieties. These new moieties were shown to improve backbone planarity through a ... The utilization of pyrazine-containing moieties as a conformational lock is a promising strategy to achieve a high performance ... Pyrazine as a noncovalent conformational lock in semiconducting polymers for enhanced charge transport and stability in thin ... Pyrazine as a noncovalent conformational lock in semiconducting polymers for enhanced charge transport and stability in thin ...
Polymorphic self-assembly of pyrazine-based tectons at the solution-solid interface ... Polymorphic self-assembly of pyrazine-based tectons at the solution-solid interface. Achintya Jana, Puneet Mishra and Neeladri ... Polymorphic self-assembly of pyrazine-based tectons at the solution-solid interface ...
Inherently chiral pyrazine derivative of calix[4]arene was synthesised from calixquinone derivative and ethylenediamine in the ... Keywords: Pyrazine, inherent chirality, copper catalyst, calix[4]arene, michael addition, spectroscopies. ... Keywords: Pyrazine, inherent chirality, copper catalyst, calix[4]arene, michael addition, spectroscopies. ... Inherently chiral pyrazine derivative of calix[4]arene was synthesised from calixquinone derivative and ethylenediamine in the ...
... pyrazine (TP) based donor-acceptor conjugated oligomers were studied by densit.. ... Computational Study on Conducting Polymers of Thieno [3,4-b] Pyrazines and Its Derivatives. Author(s): Wasihun Menberu, Ahmed ... In this work, the geometrical and electronic properties of thieno[3,4-b]pyrazine (TP) based donor-acceptor conjugated oligomers ...
We also provide custom synthesis and GMP manufacturing services.Pyrazines ... Pyrazines, Chemenu is research-based manufacturer of pharmaceutical intermediates and fine chemicals offering Animo acid and ... Pyrazines. Pyrazine is a heterocyclic aromatic organic compound with chemical formula C4H4N2. The marketed pyrazine drugs are ... Benzenes Cyclohexanes Dioxanes Morpholines Oxazines Piperazines Piperidines Pyrans Pyrazines Pyridazines Pyridines Pyrimidines ...
Pure pyrazine can hardly be found in nature, but its residue exists in the pterin structure of folic acid. Pyrazines are ... Pyrazine derivatives are multifunctional, e.g. dibenzo pyrazine is an important dye, phenazine is widely known for its anti- ... Pyrazines refer to heterocyclic compounds containing two nitrogen atoms on the 1,4 sites of benzene ring. Pyrazine, pyrimidine ... Pyrazine. CAS:. 290-37-9. MF:. C4H4N2. Structure:. Chemical Name:. 2-Chloro-6-aminopyrazine. CAS:. 33332-28-4. MF:. C4H4ClN3. ...
Host-guest exchange contribution to transition temperature downshift in nanocrystalline Fe(pyrazine)[Pt(CN)4] thin films ... pyrazine)[Pt(CN)4] thin films prepared by matrix-assisted pulsed laser evaporation. J. Appl. Phys. 21 April 2021; 129 (15): ... pyrazine)[Pt(CN)4] deposited by nanosecond laser ablation at λ = 1064 nm of its cryo-cooled colloidal suspension in water and ...
Natural alkyl pyrazines. Please Login or Register to see price. Shipping calculated at checkout. ...
Articles tagged with the word pyrazine:. Role of carbon dioxide in still wines. Published on May 30, 2009. A highish level of ...
if you want to know the latest news about pyrazine and pyrazine price, please come to our website and get a quote for free. ... Pyrazines. Pyrazine is a heterocyclic aromatic organic compound with chemical formula C4H4N2. The marketed pyrazine drugs are ... Benzenes Cyclohexanes Dioxanes Morpholines Oxazines Piperazines Piperidines Pyrans Pyrazines Pyridazines Pyridines Pyrimidines ...
This product is included in the following Perfume Making Kit: the Superpowers Kit
2,3-Dimethyl-d6-pyrazine. Please Login or Register to see price. Shipping calculated at checkout. ...
Encontrá los mejores Aromas USP de Acetyl Pyrazine 5% , TPA al mejor precio del mercado y con envío a toda Argentina. ...
Acetyl Pyrazine 5% flavor by all manufacturers
2023 Advanced Biotech , 10 Taft Road , Totowa, NJ 07512 , Phone: (973)339-6242 , Fax: (973)256-4101. ...
antioxidant ; chalcone-like ; DFT ; in silico ; in vitro ; pyrazine ; radical scavenging. Subjects:. NATURAL SCIENCES , ... Herein, a set of 26 synthetic chalcone derivatives with alkyl substituted pyrazine heterocycle A and four types of the ... Antioxidant Activities of Alkyl Substituted Pyrazine Derivatives of Chalcones-In Vitro and In Silico Study ... Antioxidant Activities of Alkyl Substituted Pyrazine Derivatives of Chalcones-In Vitro and In Silico Study. Antioxidants, 8 (4 ...
Pyrazine is an odour commonly used in insect warning displays, and has previously been shown to elicit unlearned biases against ... Only in the presence of pyrazine did birds show a bias against conspicuously coloured food, and this occurred whether or not ... We designed two experiments to test for similar effects of pyrazine on the conspicuousness of prey, perhaps the most ubiquitous ... a choice between conspicuous crumbs and cryptic crumbs in the presence or absence of pyrazine. In the second experiment, we ...
3-Methyl Pyrazine FCC, Citrus and Allied distributor of essential oils and a manufacturer of aroma chemicals and botanical ...
... Do ashwagandha increase penis size ? pyrazine ... Is vitamin d3 good for erectile dysfunction & pyrazine male enhancement review. he would probably pyrazine male enhancement ... giving people a pyrazine male enhancement review Spencers Male Enhancement Pills different kind of pyrazine male enhancement ... and Qing pyrazine male enhancement review Chu pyrazine male enhancement review fell directly from the sky. ...
Synthesis of Pyrazine-based Hole Transport Layer and Its Application in p-i-n Planar Perovskite Solar Cells [J]. Acta Phys. - ... Study on Photophysical Behaviors of Styryl Pyrazine Derivatives Li Ze-Min,Wu Shi-Kang ... Crystal Structure and Photophysical Properties of an Iridium(Ⅲ) Pyrazine Complex [J]. Acta Phys. -Chim. Sin., 2015, 31(1): 17- ... Single-Molecule Field-Effect Transistors with Graphene Electrodes and Covalent Pyrazine Linkers [J]. Acta Phys. -Chim. Sin., ...
A regioselective method for synthesis of pyrido[3,4-b]pyrazine derivatives were reported in high yield and short reaction times ... A regioselective method for synthesis of pyrido[3,4-b]pyrazine derivatives were reported in high yield and short reaction times ... A regioselective method for synthesis of pyrido[3,4-b]pyrazine derivatives were reported in high yield and short reaction times ... pyrazine derivatives were reported in high yield and short reaction times through condensation reaction between 3,4- ...
  • Many methods exist for the organic synthesis of pyrazine and its derivatives. (wikipedia.org)
  • Pyrazine derivatives are multifunctional, e.g. dibenzo pyrazine is an important dye, phenazine is widely known for its anti-tumor, antibacterial and diuretic properties and tetramethylpyazine has been reported to be able to catch the superoxide anions and reduce human granulocyte's production of nitrogen oxides. (chemicalbook.com)
  • Herein, a set of 26 synthetic chalcone derivatives with alkyl substituted pyrazine heterocycle A and four types of the monophenolic ring B, were evaluated for the potential radical scavenging and antioxidant cellular capacity influencing the growth of cells exposed to H2O2. (irb.hr)
  • A series of styryl pyrazine derivatives with different electron donating or withdrawing substituents were synthesized. (pku.edu.cn)
  • Properties of substituents have great influence on the photophysical and photochendcal behavior of the synthesized pyrazine derivatives. (pku.edu.cn)
  • Study on Photophysical Behaviors of Styryl Pyrazine Derivatives[J]. Acta Phys. (pku.edu.cn)
  • A regioselective method for synthesis of pyrido[3,4-b]pyrazine derivatives were reported in high yield and short reaction times through condensation reaction between 3,4-diaminopyridine and arylglyoxals derivatives in DMF/EtOH at 55 oC. (nsmsi.ir)
  • 13] Kano S., Yuasa Y., Synthesis of 2‐Arylpyrido[3,4‐ b ]pyrazine Derivatives through Condensation of 3,4‐Diaminopyridine with β ‐Keto Sulfoxides . (nsmsi.ir)
  • In order to find novel pyrazine- and thiazole-based derivatives with potent antioxidant properties, eight pyrazine-thiazole bi-heteroaryl compounds were designed and prepared via active group splicing method between pyrazine- N - oxides and thiazoles. (sioc-journal.cn)
  • Pyrazine is less basic than pyridine, pyridazine and pyrimidine. (wikipedia.org)
  • Similar with pyridine, pyrazines are weakly aromatic and less prone to electrophilic substitution reaction, but easily reactive with nucleophilic reagent. (chemicalbook.com)
  • 6] Lee B.-L., Yamamoto T., Syntheses of New Alternating CT-Type Copolymers of Thiophene and Pyrido[3,4- b ]pyrazine Units: Their Optical and Electrochemical Properties in Comparison with Similar CT Copolymers of Thiophene with Pyridine and Quinoxaline . (nsmsi.ir)
  • In the Staedel-Rugheimer pyrazine synthesis (1876), 2-chloroacetophenone is reacted with ammonia to the amino ketone, then condensed and then oxidized to a pyrazine. (wikipedia.org)
  • A variation is the Gutknecht pyrazine synthesis (1879) also based on this selfcondensation, but differing in the way the alpha-ketoamine is synthesised. (wikipedia.org)
  • A facile synthesis of imidazo[4,5- b ]pyridines and -pyrazines is described using a Pd-catalyzed amide coupling reaction. (acs.org)
  • The scale-up of the synthesis of 3-aminoimidazo[1,2- a ]pyrazines can be a key step in drug development. (thieme.de)
  • Synthesis of Pyrazine-based Hole Transport Layer and Its Application in p -i- n Planar Perovskite Solar Cells [J]. Acta Phys. (pku.edu.cn)
  • 3] Yuan M.-C., Chiu M.-Y., Chiang C.-M., Wei K.-H., Synthesis and Characterization of Pyrido[3,4- b ]pyrazine-Based Low-Bandgap Copolymers for Bulk Heterojunction Solar Cells . (nsmsi.ir)
  • Synthesis and Antioxidant Properties of Pyrazine-Thiazole Bi-heteroaryl Compounds[J]. Chinese Journal of Organic Chemistry , 2021, 41(6): 2445-2453. (sioc-journal.cn)
  • Synthesis of C-5 arylated imidazo[1,5-a]pyrazines. (bvsalud.org)
  • Pyrazine is a heterocyclic aromatic organic compound with the chemical formula C4H4N2. (wikipedia.org)
  • Pyrazine odour makes visually conspicuous prey aversive. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Pyrazine is an odour commonly used in insect warning displays, and has previously been shown to elicit unlearned biases against common warning colours, e.g. yellow and red in naive predators. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Inherently chiral pyrazine derivative of calix[4]arene was synthesised from calixquinone derivative and ethylenediamine in the presence of copper (II) acetate as a racemate. (eurekaselect.com)
  • Pyrazines refer to heterocyclic compounds containing two nitrogen atoms on the 1,4 sites of benzene ring. (chemicalbook.com)
  • Related complexes of dibenzo-(f,h)quinoxaline ((LH2)-H-4), 2,3-diphenyl-quinoxaline ((LH2)-H-5), and dibenzo{[}3,2-a:2',3'-c]phenazine ((LH2)-H-6) have also been prepared, allowing the effects of strapping together the phenyl rings ((LH2)-H-4 and (LH2)-H-6) and/or extension of the conjugation from pyrazine to quinoxaline ((LH2)-H-5 and (LH2)-H-6) to be investigated. (northumbria.ac.uk)
  • Previous studies have shown that quinoxaline (Q) oxidation with electrochemically regenerated KMnO4, with the formation of pyrazine-2,3-dicarboxylic acid (PDCA), is possible using Pt, Ni, stainless steel and Cu electrodes. (upt.ro)
  • Pyrazine and a variety of alkylpyrazines are flavor and aroma compounds found in baked and roasted goods. (wikipedia.org)
  • Pyrazines are components of many important compounds, including pteridines, some vitamins and antibiotics, and numerous dyes called phenazines. (dictionary.com)
  • SERVICES Pyrazine Specialties offers an extensive product line of over 150 pyrazine compounds. (slideshare.net)
  • In addition, it was found that the antioxidant activity of pyrazine-thiazole bi-heteroaryl compounds was significantly higher than that of pyrazine-oxazole bi-heteroaryl compound. (sioc-journal.cn)
  • Pyrazine, pyrimidine and pyridazine are isomerides to each other. (chemicalbook.com)
  • Single-Molecule Field-Effect Transistors with Graphene Electrodes and Covalent Pyrazine Linkers [J]. Acta Phys. (pku.edu.cn)
  • In order to improve current knowledge and to expand the variety of electrodes used for the pyrazine-2,3-dicarboxilic acid (PDCA) production process, we investigated the behavior of the copper alloy anodes brass and bronze. (upt.ro)
  • MUMBAI, MAHARASHTRA - Forecast Chemicals, a leading chemical manufacturer and exporter in India, is pleased to announce that they are now offering pyrazine-2-sulfonylchloride to their international customers. (chemicalkaikeshop.com)
  • Pyrazine -2-sulfonylchloride is a versatile chemical that is used in the pharmaceutical industry, among others. (chemicalkaikeshop.com)
  • We are proud to offer our clients access to pyrazine-2-sulfonylchloride, which is a high-quality, cost-effective, and versatile chemical. (chemicalkaikeshop.com)
  • Backbone engineering was performed on highly rigid semiconducting polymers to include diketopyrropyrrole (DPP) units combined with pyrazine-containing moieties. (rsc.org)
  • We report an experimental observation of the spin transition in thin films of a 3D Hoffman framework nanocrystalline material Fe(pyrazine)[Pt(CN) 4 ] deposited by nanosecond laser ablation at λ = 1064 nm of its cryo-cooled colloidal suspension in water and water-free organic solvents. (aip.org)
  • Pure pyrazine can hardly be found in nature, but its residue exists in the pterin structure of folic acid. (chemicalbook.com)
  • We are very excited about the opportunities that pyrazine-2-sulfonylchloride presents for us and our customers," says the spokesperson for Forecast Chemicals. (chemicalkaikeshop.com)
  • For more information about pyrazine-2-sulfonylchloride or any of Forecast Chemicals' other products and services, please visit their website or contact their sales team directly. (chemicalkaikeshop.com)
  • 3-Aminoimidazo[1,2- a ]pyrazines are important building blocks for the pharmaceutical and agrochemical industries, as this structural motif is present in a variety of drug candidates and constitutes a valuable sub-structure in combinatorial libraries. (thieme.de)
  • By developing a one-pot, two-step process, the Groebke-Blackburn-Bienaymé cyclization can easily and efficiently access 3-aminoimidazo[1,2- a ]pyrazines which are important motifs in biologically active molecules. (thieme.de)
  • We designed two experiments to test for similar effects of pyrazine on the conspicuousness of prey, perhaps the most ubiquitous aspect of aposematic coloration. (ox.ac.uk)
  • In this work, the geometrical and electronic properties of thieno[3,4-b]pyrazine (TP) based donor-acceptor conjugated oligomers were studied by density functional theory (DFT) at the B3LYP level with 6-31G (d,p) basis set. (scholarsresearchlibrary.com)
  • Crystal Structure and Photophysical Properties of an Iridium(Ⅲ) Pyrazine Complex [J]. Acta Phys. (pku.edu.cn)
  • I swore before that I could not beat it.If I killed the ghost cultivator as soon Me 36 Male Enhancement Pills sex time increase food as I came up, would not it be a slap pyrazine male enhancement review in the face This pain seems to be settled. (profitzon.net)
  • Only in the presence of pyrazine did birds show a bias against conspicuously coloured food, and this occurred whether or not they had previously experienced food that contrasted with the background. (ox.ac.uk)
  • Pyrazine Specialties has distilled some of the purest pyrazine products in the industry! (slideshare.net)
  • CTC CTC Organics has been serving the flavor, fragrance and pharmaceutical industry for more than 40 years along with our sister company, Pyrazine Specialties. (slideshare.net)
  • Pyrazines are prepared through gas phase catalytic dehydrogenation of ethanolamine in industry. (chemicalbook.com)
  • An overview of Genetic Toxicology Bacterial Mutagenicity study conclusions related to Pyrazine ethanethiol (35250-53-4). (nih.gov)
  • Estelle Durantie presents an industrial process to access 3-aminoimidazo[1,2-a]pyrazines. (thieme.de)
  • Countless screams came one after another.A demon devouring rat looked pyrazine male enhancement review at Xiao Yu with its lustful eyes, and suddenly rushed forward, the Legit Male Enhancement Pills pyrazine male enhancement review four fangs in its mouth glowed coldly, and took Xiao Yu is face with killing intent. (profitzon.net)
  • HISTORY Dr. Liu Dr. Kimbrough In 1972, Dr. Fred W.J. Liu and fellow chemist Dr. Raymond D. Kimbrough began the process of manufacturing pyrazines, the first such manufacturing company in the United States. (slideshare.net)
  • In order to benchmark the quality of our calculated dipole matrix elements for pyrazine we calculated the photoionization cross sections and photoelectron angular distributions (shown in the Figure). (uam.es)