AnatomyOrganismsDiseasesChemicals and DrugsAnalytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and EquipmentPsychiatry and PsychologyPhenomena and ProcessesDisciplines and OccupationsAnthropology, Education, Sociology and Social PhenomenaTechnology, Industry, AgricultureHumanitiesInformation ScienceNamed GroupsHealth CareGeographicals
PupilPupil DisordersTonic PupilReflex, PupillaryMydriaticsTropicamideMydriasisIrisAnisocoriaMiosisAccommodation, OcularAdie SyndromeRefraction, OcularAberrometrySchoolsEye ColorCyclopentolateRefractive ErrorsCorneal TopographyLightVisual AcuityStudentsOptics and PhotonicsGlarePresbyopiaFacultyAstigmatismDiagnostic Techniques, OphthalmologicalEye, ArtificialFood ServicesNewspapersEducational StatusYuccaNational SocialismMississippiCriminalsWarCriminal LawAwards and PrizesNobel PrizeAggressionSocial DominanceCompetitive BehaviorPeriodicals as TopicJournalism, MedicalPublishingBibliometricsGreat BritainAuthorshipDuty to WarnClothingProtective ClothingChild WelfareDisabled Children
Pupil: The aperture in the iris through which light passes.Pupil Disorders: Conditions which affect the structure or function of the pupil of the eye, including disorders of innervation to the pupillary constrictor or dilator muscles, and disorders of pupillary reflexes.Tonic Pupil: A pupillary abnormality characterized by a poor pupillary light reaction, reduced accommodation, iris sector palsies, an enhanced pupillary response to near effort that results in a prolonged, "tonic" constriction, and slow pupillary redilation. This condition is associated with injury to the postganglionic parasympathetic innervation to the pupil. (From Miller et al., Clinical Neuro-Ophthalmology, 4th ed, pp492-500)Reflex, Pupillary: Constriction of the pupil in response to light stimulation of the retina. It refers also to any reflex involving the iris, with resultant alteration of the diameter of the pupil. (Cline et al., Dictionary of Visual Science, 4th ed)Mydriatics: Agents that dilate the pupil. They may be either sympathomimetics or parasympatholytics.Tropicamide: One of the MUSCARINIC ANTAGONISTS with pharmacologic action similar to ATROPINE and used mainly as an ophthalmic parasympatholytic or mydriatic.Mydriasis: Dilation of pupils to greater than 6 mm combined with failure of the pupils to constrict when stimulated with light. This condition may occur due to injury of the pupillary fibers in the oculomotor nerve, in acute angle-closure glaucoma, and in ADIE SYNDROME.Iris: The most anterior portion of the uveal layer, separating the anterior chamber from the posterior. It consists of two layers - the stroma and the pigmented epithelium. Color of the iris depends on the amount of melanin in the stroma on reflection from the pigmented epithelium.Anisocoria: Unequal pupil size, which may represent a benign physiologic variant or a manifestation of disease. Pathologic anisocoria reflects an abnormality in the musculature of the iris (IRIS DISEASES) or in the parasympathetic or sympathetic pathways that innervate the pupil. Physiologic anisocoria refers to an asymmetry of pupil diameter, usually less than 2mm, that is not associated with disease.Miosis: Pupillary constriction. This may result from congenital absence of the dilatator pupillary muscle, defective sympathetic innervation, or irritation of the CONJUNCTIVA or CORNEA.Accommodation, Ocular: The dioptric adjustment of the EYE (to attain maximal sharpness of retinal imagery for an object of regard) referring to the ability, to the mechanism, or to the process. Ocular accommodation is the effecting of refractive changes by changes in the shape of the CRYSTALLINE LENS. Loosely, it refers to ocular adjustments for VISION, OCULAR at various distances. (Cline et al., Dictionary of Visual Science, 4th ed)Adie Syndrome: A syndrome characterized by a TONIC PUPIL that occurs in combination with decreased lower extremity reflexes. The affected pupil will respond more briskly to accommodation than to light (light-near dissociation) and is supersensitive to dilute pilocarpine eye drops, which induce pupillary constriction. Pathologic features include degeneration of the ciliary ganglion and postganglionic parasympathetic fibers that innervate the pupillary constrictor muscle. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, p279)Refraction, Ocular: Refraction of LIGHT effected by the media of the EYE.Aberrometry: The use of an aberrometer to measure eye tissue imperfections or abnormalities based on the way light passes through the eye which affects the ability of the eye to focus properly.Schools: Educational institutions.Eye Color: Color of the iris.Cyclopentolate: A parasympatholytic anticholinergic used solely to obtain mydriasis or cycloplegia.Refractive Errors: Deviations from the average or standard indices of refraction of the eye through its dioptric or refractive apparatus.Corneal Topography: The measurement of curvature and shape of the anterior surface of the cornea using techniques such as keratometry, keratoscopy, photokeratoscopy, profile photography, computer-assisted image processing and videokeratography. This measurement is often applied in the fitting of contact lenses and in diagnosing corneal diseases or corneal changes including keratoconus, which occur after keratotomy and keratoplasty.Light: That portion of the electromagnetic spectrum in the visible, ultraviolet, and infrared range.Visual Acuity: Clarity or sharpness of OCULAR VISION or the ability of the eye to see fine details. Visual acuity depends on the functions of RETINA, neuronal transmission, and the interpretative ability of the brain. Normal visual acuity is expressed as 20/20 indicating that one can see at 20 feet what should normally be seen at that distance. Visual acuity can also be influenced by brightness, color, and contrast.Students: Individuals enrolled in a school or formal educational program.Optics and Photonics: A specialized field of physics and engineering involved in studying the behavior and properties of light and the technology of analyzing, generating, transmitting, and manipulating ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION in the visible, infrared, and ultraviolet range.Glare: Relatively bright light, or the dazzling sensation of relatively bright light, which produces unpleasantness or discomfort, or which interferes with optimal VISION, OCULAR. (Cline et al., Dictionary of Visual Science, 4th ed)Presbyopia: The normal decreasing elasticity of the crystalline lens that leads to loss of accommodation.Faculty: The teaching staff and members of the administrative staff having academic rank in an educational institution.Astigmatism: Unequal curvature of the refractive surfaces of the eye. Thus a point source of light cannot be brought to a point focus on the retina but is spread over a more or less diffuse area. This results from the radius of curvature in one plane being longer or shorter than the radius at right angles to it. (Dorland, 27th ed)Diagnostic Techniques, Ophthalmological: Methods and procedures for the diagnosis of diseases of the eye or of vision disorders.Eye, Artificial: A ready-made or custom-made prosthesis of glass or plastic shaped and colored to resemble the anterior portion of a normal eye and used for cosmetic reasons. It is attached to the anterior portion of an orbital implant (ORBITAL IMPLANTS) which is placed in the socket of an enucleated or eviscerated eye. (From Dorland, 28th ed)Food Services: Functions, equipment, and facilities concerned with the preparation and distribution of ready-to-eat food.Newspapers: Publications printed and distributed daily, weekly, or at some other regular and usually short interval, containing news, articles of opinion (as editorials and letters), features, advertising, and announcements of current interest. (Webster's 3d ed)Educational Status: Educational attainment or level of education of individuals.Yucca: A genus (and common name) in the AGAVACEAE family. It is known for SAPONINS in the root that are used in SOAPS.National Socialism: The doctrines and policies of the Nazis or the National Social German Workers party, which ruled Germany under Adolf Hitler from 1933-1945. These doctrines and policies included racist nationalism, expansionism, and state control of the economy. (from Columbia Encyclopedia, 6th ed. and American Heritage College Dictionary, 3d ed.)MississippiCriminals: Persons who have committed a crime or have been convicted of a crime.War: Hostile conflict between organized groups of people.Criminal Law: A branch of law that defines criminal offenses, regulates the apprehension, charging and trial of suspected persons, and fixes the penalties and modes of treatment applicable to convicted offenders.Awards and PrizesNobel PrizeAggression: Behavior which may be manifested by destructive and attacking action which is verbal or physical, by covert attitudes of hostility or by obstructionism.Social Dominance: Social structure of a group as it relates to the relative social rank of dominance status of its members. (APA, Thesaurus of Psychological Index Terms, 8th ed.)Competitive Behavior: The direct struggle between individuals for environmental necessities or for a common goal.Periodicals as Topic: A publication issued at stated, more or less regular, intervals.Journalism, Medical: The collection, writing, and editing of current interest material on topics related to biomedicine for presentation through the mass media, including newspapers, magazines, radio, or television, usually for a public audience such as health care consumers.Publishing: "The business or profession of the commercial production and issuance of literature" (Webster's 3d). It includes the publisher, publication processes, editing and editors. Production may be by conventional printing methods or by electronic publishing.Bibliometrics: The use of statistical methods in the analysis of a body of literature to reveal the historical development of subject fields and patterns of authorship, publication, and use. Formerly called statistical bibliography. (from The ALA Glossary of Library and Information Science, 1983)Great BritainAuthorship: The profession of writing. Also the identity of the writer as the creator of a literary production.Duty to Warn: A health professional's obligation to breach patient CONFIDENTIALITY to warn third parties of the danger of their being assaulted or of contracting a serious infection.Clothing: Fabric or other material used to cover the body.Protective Clothing: Clothing designed to protect the individual against possible exposure to known hazards.Child Welfare: Organized efforts by communities or organizations to improve the health and well-being of the child.Disabled Children: Children with mental or physical disabilities that interfere with usual activities of daily living and that may require accommodation or intervention.

Latrunculin-A causes mydriasis and cycloplegia in the cynomolgus monkey. (1/769)

PURPOSE: To determine the effect of latrunculin (LAT)-A, which binds to G-actin and disassembles actin filaments, on the pupil, accommodation, and isolated ciliary muscle (CM) contraction in monkeys. METHODS: Pupil diameter (vernier calipers) and refraction (coincidence refractometry) were measured every 15 minutes from 0.75 to 3.5 hours after topical LAT-A 42 microg (approximately 10 microM in the anterior chamber [AC]). Refraction was measured every 5 minutes from 0.5 to 1.5 hours after intracameral injection of 10 microl of 50 microM LAT-A (approximately 5 microM in AC), with intramuscular infusion of 1.5 mg/kg pilocarpine HCl (PILO) during the first 15 minutes of measurements. Pupil diameter was measured at 1 and 2 hours, and refraction was measured every 5 minutes from 1 to 2 hours, after intravitreal injection of 20 microl of 1.25 mM LAT-A (approximately 10 microM in vitreous), with intramuscular infusion of 1.5 mg/kg PILO during the first 15 minutes of measurements (all after topical 2.5% phenylephrine), and contractile response of isolated CM strips, obtained <1 hour postmortem and mounted in a perfusion apparatus, to 10 microM PILO +/- LAT-A was measured at various concentrations. RESULTS: Topical LAT-A of 42 microg dilated the pupil without affecting refraction. Intracameral LAT-A of 5 microM inhibited miotic and accommodative responses to intramuscular PILO. Intravitreal LAT-A of 10 microM had no effect on accommodative or miotic responses to intramuscular PILO. LAT-A dose-dependently relaxed the PILO-contracted CM by up to 50% at 3 microM in both the longitudinal and circular vectors. CONCLUSIONS: In monkeys, LAT-A causes mydriasis and cycloplegia, perhaps related to its known ability to disrupt the actin microfilament network and consequently to affect cell contractility and adhesion. Effects of LAT-A on the iris and CM may have significant physiological and clinical implications.  (+info)

Relative potency of levo-alpha-acetylmethadol and methadone in humans under acute dosing conditions. (2/769)

levo-alpha-Acetylmethadol (LAAM) and methadone are full mu-opioid agonists used to treat opioid dependence. Current labeling indicates that LAAM is less potent than methadone. Clinical studies have not determined the relative potency of these drugs. This study compared the effects of acute doses of LAAM and methadone and also examined the ability of naloxone to reverse their effects. Five occasional opioid users received once weekly doses of either placebo, LAAM, or methadone (15, 30, or 60 mg/70 kg p.o.) in agonist exposure sessions and then received naloxone (1.0 mg/70 kg i.m.) 24, 72, and 144 h after agonist exposure. Subject-rated, observer-rated, and physiological measures were assessed regularly. Comparisons of physiological and subjective measures collected in agonist exposure sessions indicate that LAAM is not less potent than methadone under acute dosing conditions. For some measures, LAAM was significantly more potent. Three subjects who entered the study were withdrawn for safety reasons due to greater than anticipated and clinically relevant respiratory depression after receiving 60 mg of LAAM. Naloxone did not fully reverse the pupil constriction produced by 60 mg of LAAM. Acute agonist effects suggest that LAAM may be more potent than methadone and more potent than current labeling indicates. An accurate LAAM:methadone relative potency estimate will aid determination of adequate doses for opioid-dependent patients inducted onto LAAM and for methadone maintenance patients who choose to switch to more convenient thrice-weekly LAAM.  (+info)

Cone spacing and waveguide properties from cone directionality measurements. (3/769)

Reflectometric techniques estimate the directionality of the retinal cones by measuring the distribution of light at the pupil plane of light reflected off the bleached retina. The waveguide-scattering model of Marcos et al. [J. Opt. Soc. Am. A 15, 2012 (1998)] predicts that the shape of this intensity distribution is determined by both the waveguide properties of the cone photoreceptors and the topography of the cone mosaic (cone spacing). We have performed two types of cone directionality measurement. In the first type, cone directionality estimates are obtained by measuring the spatial distribution of light returning from the retina with a single-entry pupil position (single-entry measurements). In the second type, estimates are obtained by measuring the total amount of light guided back through the pupil as a function of entry pupil position (multiple-entry measurements). As predicted by the model, single-entry measurements provide narrower distributions than the multiple-entry measurements, since the former are affected by both waveguides and scattering and the latter are affected primarily by waveguides. Measurements at different retinal eccentricities and at two different wavelengths are consistent with the model. We show that the broader multiple-entry measurements are not accounted for by cone disarray. Results of multiple-entry measurements are closer to results from measurements of the psychophysical Stiles-Crawford effect (although still narrower), and the variation with retinal eccentricity and wavelength is similar. By combining single- and multiple-entry measurements, we can estimate cone spacing. The estimates at 0- and 2-deg retinal eccentricities are in good agreement with published anatomical data.  (+info)

Human dynamic closed-loop accommodation augmented by sympathetic inhibition. (4/769)

PURPOSE: A ciliary alpha-adrenoceptor accommodative effect has been proposed, caused by a small population of alpha1-inhibitory receptors in excised human ciliary muscle. This study was intended to investigate the effect on the closed-loop dynamic accommodative process of modulating alpha1-adrenoceptor activity by topical instillation of the alpha1-adrenergic agonist, phenylephrine hydrochloride. METHODS: A group of 10 visually normal subjects viewed a photopic (30 candela/m2) high-contrast Maltese cross, which was modulated sinusoidally (0.05-0.6Hz) and stepwise over a 2-D range (2-4 D). Monocular temporal accommodation responses were measured using a continuously recording dynamic tracking infrared optometer under two trial conditions: after instillation of saline control solution and 50 minutes subsequent to the instillation of 0.27 microl 0.4% benoxinate hydrochloride and 0.27 microl 2.5% phenylephrine hydrochloride. Pupil size and accommodative amplitude were measured at 90-second intervals for 50 minutes after drug instillation. All accommodative measurements were recorded through a fixed 4-mm pupil. RESULTS: A significant reduction in accommodative amplitude (11%; P < 0.05) was recorded, whereas pupil size showed a significant increase (33%; P < 0.05). No significant change in step-response dynamics was observed. However, phenylephrine hydrochloride caused a significant increase in accommodative gain in the low and midtemporal frequency ranges compared with the effect of a saline control treatment. No significant variation in phase lag was observed. CONCLUSIONS: For the first time in humans, this study shows that augmentation of the alpha1-inhibitory sympathetic contribution results in increased accommodative gain at low and midtemporal frequencies, which is consistent with findings in animal studies.  (+info)

The depth-of-field of the human eye from objective and subjective measurements. (5/769)

The depth-of-field (DOF) measured through psychophysical methods seems to depend on the target's characteristics. We use objective and subjective methods to determine the DOF of the eye for different pupil diameters and wavelengths in three subjects. Variation of image quality with focus is evaluated with a double-pass technique. Objective DOF is defined as the dioptric range for which the image quality does not change appreciably, based on optical criteria. Subjective DOF is based on the accuracy of focusing a point source. Additional DOFs are obtained by simulation from experimental wavefront aberration data from the same subjects. Objective and subjective measurements of DOF are only slightly affected by pupil size, wavelength and spectral composition. Comparison of DOF from double-pass and wavefront aberration data allows us to evaluate the role of ocular aberrations and Stiles-Crawford effect.  (+info)

S-cone contribution to pupillary responses evoked by chromatic flash offset. (6/769)

On a green or red background, the action spectrum of the pupillary responses evoked following the offset of chromatic test flashes shows a prominent short-wavelength lobe and suggests the contribution from photoreceptors other than the previously inferred M- and L-cones (Kimura & Young, Vision Research (1996). 36, 1543-1550), most likely from S-cones. Systematic changes in the shape of the intensity versus amplitude functions with test wavelengths and in the shape of the short-wavelength lobe with response amplitude criteria suggest an antagonistic interaction involving the short- and longer-wavelength photoreceptors.  (+info)

Changes in corneal wavefront aberrations with aging. (7/769)

PURPOSE: To investigate whether corneal wavefront aberrations vary with aging. METHODS: One hundred two eyes of 102 normal subjects were evaluated with videokeratography. The data were decomposed using Taylor and Zernike polynomials to calculate the monochromatic aberrations of the cornea for both small (3-mm) and large (7-mm) pupils. RESULTS: For a 3-mm pupil, the amount of total aberrations (Spearman rank correlation coefficient r(s) = 0.145; P = 0.103) and spherical-like aberrations (r(s) = -0.068; P = 0.448) did not change with aging, whereas comalike aberrations exhibited a weak but statistically significant correlation with age (r(s) = 0.256; P = 0.004). For a 7-mm pupil, total aberrations (r(s) = 0.552; P < 0.001) and comalike aberrations (r(s) = 0.561; P < 0.001) significantly increased with aging, but spherical-like aberrations showed no age-related changes (r(s) = 0.124; P = 0.166). Simulated pupillary dilation from 3 mm to 7 mm caused a 38.0+/-28.5-fold increase in the total aberrations, and the extent of increases significantly correlated with age (r(s) = 0.354; P < 0.001). Pupillary dilation influenced the comalike aberrations more in the older subjects than in the younger subjects (r(s) = 0.243; P = 0.006), but such age dependence was not found for spherical-like aberrations (r(s) = 0.141; P = 0.115). CONCLUSIONS: Comalike aberrations of the cornea correlate with age, implying that the corneas become less symmetrical along with aging. Spherical-like aberrations do not vary significantly with aging. Pupillary dilation markedly increases wavefront aberrations, and those effects are more prominent in older subjects than in younger subjects.  (+info)

Pupillographic findings in neglect. (8/769)

OBJECTIVES: Unilateral sensory neglect has been attributed to various defects, including a hemispatial attention-arousal deficit. However, support for this hypothesis has only been indirect. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to further test the hemispatial attentional-arousal hypothesis by measuring pupillary response as an index of arousal. METHODS: There were two experimental subjects with neglect and six matched controls. Stimuli (Arabic numbers) were presented on the right, left, and centre of a screen. The subjects were asked to look at the number in the centre, on the right, or left of the screen while their pupil diameter was measured. RESULTS: Unlike the control subjects, the subjects with neglect, who were aware of the left sided stimuli, did not show a pupillary dilatation when they looked at the stimulus on the left. CONCLUSIONS: Although this study provides support for the hemispatial attention-arousal hypotheses of neglect, it does not preclude the possibility that other mechanisms may also be important.  (+info)

Edge-light pupil cycle time. | British Journal of OphthalmologyEdge-light pupil cycle time. | British Journal of Ophthalmology
A thin slit-lamp beam illuminating the pupil margin produces clearly visible pupil oscillations. These oscillations can be timed with a stopwatch, thus producing a measurement of the "edge-light" pupil cycle time. The pupil cycle time is remarkably stable in various testing situations and is repeatable within about +/- 3% over extended periods of time. Expected normal distribution and 95% confidence intervals are given in Table 3. When the iris muscles are normally innervated and responsive, the pupil cycle time is dependent on the speed of nerve conduction and the number and strength of optic nerve impulses. Only 5% of normal persons aged 12 to 50 years are expected to have a pupil cycle time in either eye longer than 954 ms or a difference in pupil cycle time between the two eyes longer than 70 ms. ...
Difference between revisions of Talk:Entrance Pupil Database - PanoTools.org WikiDifference between revisions of "Talk:Entrance Pupil Database" - PanoTools.org Wiki
Fisheyes and wide angles A number of fisheye and wide lenses show strong entrance pupil shift (See the animations on the web page by Pierre Toscani!!) by angle from center. The Nikon 10.5 and 16mm fisheyes entrance pupil shifts by around 15mm, the ideal LPP point for panoramas is therefore a bit of a compromise, depending on the amount of image overlap and I dont know what else. The Nikon 14mm f2.8D and other wide angles do this too Internal vignetting I recently noticed some peoples measurements conflicted with mine, I am however quite confident in the accuracy of my measurement setup now. The reason I found is that entrance pupil sometimes shifts with the aperture wide open to to internal vignetting away from the aperture, I now always measure by observing the aperture from the front and with the lens stopped down. Measurements made with the lens wide open (Especially with the parallax method) may therefore differ from mine. This means the ideal NPP could differ slightly if you shoot wide ...
Entrance Pupil Database - PanoTools.org WikiEntrance Pupil Database - PanoTools.org Wiki
To calculate the Entrance pupil distance add the Tripod Mount Length (L1) from the camera and the Entrance Pupil Length (L2) from the lens. So for example for a Canon 300d and a 10-22mm at 10mm, the total Entrance pupil distance from the tripod mount is 40mm + 66mm = 106mm If you use a SLR lens on a mirrorless camera, you also just have to add the adapter thickness (Flange to focal plane difference). For Nikon F mount lenses on a Z camera: 30.5mm; similarly for Canon EF lens on a EOS-R camera: 24.0mm. The principle is the same for mounting any other type lens on a camera when an adapter can be used. ...
Effect of Pupil Size on Flicker ERGs Recorded With RETeval System: New Mydriasis-Free Full-Field ERG System | IOVS | ARVO...Effect of Pupil Size on Flicker ERGs Recorded With RETeval System: New Mydriasis-Free Full-Field ERG System | IOVS | ARVO...
Why are the implicit times of the fundamental component in the RETeval system longer for larger pupil sizes even after adjustments were made to deliver the same flash retinal illuminance? We do not have a simple explanation for this question, but we suggest that at least two factors may be involved. The first factor is the Stiles-Crawford effect of the cone system. It is known that the response of cone photoreceptors is different when the angle of light stimulating the cones is changed.20,21 Because of this Stiles-Crawford effect, the effective retinal illuminance to the cone system is not simply the product of luminance × pupil area for large pupil areas. Paupoo et al.22 reported that when the pupil is fully dilated, the effective retinal illuminance of the cone system may be calculated by taking the pupil area to be approximately 20 mm2. McCulloch and Hamilton23 also showed that the rays of light entering 2.5 mm away from the pupil center have approximately one-half the effectiveness of those ...
Variability of wavefront aberration measurements in small pupil sizes using a clinical Shack-Hartmann aberrometer | BMC...Variability of wavefront aberration measurements in small pupil sizes using a clinical Shack-Hartmann aberrometer | BMC...
The aim of this study was to use a Shack-Hartmann clinical aberrometer (COAS, Wavefront Sciences Ltd) to evaluate the variability of low- and higher-order aberration measurement of the eye. Using the wave aberration polynomial determined for a full-size pupil we compared the Zernike expansion coefficients for a smaller, 3 mm pupil derived by two methods: first, by re-calculating the wave aberration coefficients to the reduced sampled points corresponding to that pupil ("direct" method), and, second, by using a matrix method to reconstruct a new set of coefficients appropriate for the reduced pupil ("scaling" method) (see figure 1).. Our results suggest that, for full-size pupil, the efficiency of the measurements varies across x and y pupil position: where the wavefront is larger, measurement variance is higher, especially near the margins of the pupil, where increased standard deviation results to higher wave-aberration error. Some of this increased variance may have been due to poorer image ...
OSA | Color matching and the Stiles-Crawford effect in observers with early age-related macular changesOSA | Color matching and the Stiles-Crawford effect in observers with early age-related macular changes
We studied the color-match-area effect and the Stiles-Crawford effect in 10 observers with age-related macular changes. Observers were graded on a scale of I to IV according to the Sarks classification, which correlates fundus appearance and visual acuity with the severity of postmortem histological changes in Bruchs membrane. Observers in group II showed subtle abnormalities of color matching; those in groups III and IV showed more-severe abnormalities. The Stiles-Crawford effect was abnormal in 9 of 10 eyes tested. Only one observer showed a Stiles-Crawford effect that had a well-defined peak near the center of the pupil and a near-normal bandpass. The results suggest that early age-related changes visible in the fundus can be revealed by psychophysical tests of photoreceptor architecture.. © 1988 Optical Society of America. Full Article , PDF Article ...
Entrance Pupil | Definition of Entrance Pupil by Merriam-WebsterEntrance Pupil | Definition of Entrance Pupil by Merriam-Webster
Define entrance pupil: the stop in an optical instrument or the virtual image of the stop that determines the angular diameter of the bundle of rays …
The Importance of Pupil You Should Know | Perrla EyesThe Importance of Pupil You Should Know | Perrla Eyes
If the patients pupil appeared to be very small it could indicate the presence of injury as the result from consuming opiate.. Normal Pupil Size. People with normal pupil will show 2 mm until 4 mm size in the bright light, while in the dark the size will turns to 4 mm until 8 mm. Generally, pupils are equal in size for Perrla eyes. Pupils tend to constrict when there is a direct illumination or direct response. Other reason that causes the pupil to constrict is when the eye focused on a near object. This response is called an accommodative response. On the other hand, pupils will dilate when you are in a dark place. When pupils do not constrict or dilates in the previous condition, it can be assumed that there is an abnormality on the pupil. Other important thing about the pupil size normal and assessment is that it can decrease according to age due to senile miosis.. Read also Important Matters of Pupillary Examination. ...
Evidence for a neuropathic aetiology in the small pupil of diabetes mellitus. | British Journal of OphthalmologyEvidence for a neuropathic aetiology in the small pupil of diabetes mellitus. | British Journal of Ophthalmology
Infrared television pupillometry was performed on 34 insulin-treated diabetic patients and 55 healthy subjects. Sixteen of the diabetic patients had pupils that failed to dilate normally in darkness. The occurrence of a small pupil was associated with cardiac vagal dysfunction and somatic sensory loss. The small pupil was found to be supersensitive to the mydriatic effect of topical 2% phenylephrine but normally sensitive to 0.5% hydroxyamphetamine eyedrops. It is concluded that the failure of the pupil to dilate in darkness in some diabetic patients is due to neuropathy of the sympathetic innervation. ...
Microsoft word - xulanexus schinetsky.docxMicrosoft word - xulanexus schinetsky.docx
Me lations asureme hips !medications, and variables, such as the patients concentrations leading to more profound effects wakefulness, level of ambient light, and time of on pupil dilation. Several studies have utilized day that a procedure is performed, may alter pupillometry to demonstrate the aforementioned pupillometry data collection. In order to validate effects of opioids. the dependency of these methods, clinicians must consider that pupil size and pupillary response to pain are influenced by various pupillometry to study the pharmacodynamic factors besides pain. effects of tramadol, an opioid-like drug, on PLR. In the study, the polymorphism of CYP2D6, a In this paper, we will discuss the effects member of the cytochrome P450 enzymes of certain medication classes on pupillary light involved in the metabolism of drugs, was reflexes, focusing mostly on opiates and analyzed in each participant (n=26) because this sedatives. Based on a review of literature enzyme mediates the active ...
Pupil (eye) - Simple English Wikipedia, the free encyclopediaPupil (eye) - Simple English Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
The pupil is the opening in the centre of the eye. Light enters through the pupil and goes through the lens, which focuses the image on the retina.[1] The size of the pupil is controlled by muscles. There is a circular group, which squeezes the iris smaller, and another group which pulls the iris wider. When more light is needed, the pupil is made larger. In brighter light, the pupil is made smaller. The pupil can be compared with the aperture of a camera. It is surrounded by the iris which is the colored part of the eye. The lens changes its shape depending on how far away the eye focuses. The focus point is where the eye is focusing on. The light makes the pupil change its size. When it is darker, the pupils will dilate (get bigger) because they need to allow more light into the eye to see. When it is bright, the pupil will constrict (get smaller) to restrict the amount of light there is getting into the eye so we can see. The pupil is normally black in most animals, but in some reptiles, it ...
OSA | Double-pass measurements of the retinal-image quality with unequal entrance and exit pupil sizes and the reversibility of...OSA | Double-pass measurements of the retinal-image quality with unequal entrance and exit pupil sizes and the reversibility of...
We have used a modified double-pass apparatus with unequal entrance and exit pupil sizes to measure the optical transfer function in the human eye and have applied the technique to three different problems. First, we confirm that in the eye the double-pass spread function is the cross correlation of the input spread function with the output spread function [ J. Opt. Soc. Am. A 12, 195 ( 1995)]. Consequently, when entrance and exit pupil sizes are equal, phase information is lost from the double-pass images. Second, we show that in double-pass measurements the eye behaves like a reversible optical system. That is, when entrance and exit pupils are equal, the double-pass image results from two passes through an optical system having a transfer function that is the same in both directions. To test for reversibility in the living eye we have used a double-pass apparatus with different exit and entrance pupil sizes (one of them small enough to consider the eye diffraction limited), so that the ...
Exit pupil - WikipediaExit pupil - Wikipedia
Since the eyes pupil varies in diameter with viewing conditions, the ideal exit pupil diameter depends on the application.[1] An astronomical telescope requires a large pupil because it is designed to be used for looking at dim objects at night, while a microscope will require a much smaller pupil since the object will be brightly illuminated. A set of 7×50 binoculars has an exit pupil just over 7.1 mm, which corresponds to the average pupil size of a youthful dark-adapted human eye in circumstances with no extraneous light. The emergent light at the eyepiece then fills the eyes pupil, meaning no loss of brightness at night due to using such binoculars (assuming perfect transmission). In daylight, when the eyes pupil is only 4 mm in diameter, over half the light will be blocked by the iris and will not reach the retina. However, the loss of light in the daytime is generally not significant since there is so much light to start with. By contrast, 8×32 binoculars, often sold with emphasis on ...
Bill Text - AB-1266 Pupil rights: sex-segregated school programs and activities.Bill Text - AB-1266 Pupil rights: sex-segregated school programs and activities.
d) A school counselor, teacher, instructor, administrator, or aide may not, on the basis of the sex of a pupil, offer vocational or school program guidance to a pupil of one sex that is different from that offered to a pupil of the opposite sex or, in counseling a pupil, differentiate career, vocational, or higher education opportunities on the basis of the sex of the pupil counseled. Any school personnel acting in a career counseling or course selection capacity to a pupil shall affirmatively explore with the pupil the possibility of careers, or courses leading to careers, that are nontraditional for that pupils sex. The parents or legal guardian of the pupil shall be notified in a general manner at least once in the manner prescribed by Section 48980, in advance of career counseling and course selection commencing with course selection for grade 7 so that they may participate in the counseling sessions and decisions ...
Pupil PremiumPupil Premium
... What is Pupil Premium?. The Pupil Premium was introduced in April 2011 and is allocated to schools to improve the achievement of pupils who have been registered for free school meals at any point in the last six years (known as "Ever 6" FSM). Schools also receive funding for children who have been "looked after" continuously for more than six months, and children of service personnel.. Why has it been introduced?. The Government believes that the Pupil Premium, which is additional to main school funding, is the best way to address the current underlying inequalities between children eligible for free school meals (FSM) and their peers by ensuring that funding to tackle disadvantage reaches pupils who need it most.. Who decides how the money is spent?. In most cases the Pupil Premium is paid directly to schools, allocated to them for every pupil who receives free school meals. Schools decide how to use the funding, as they are the best placed to assess what their pupils ...
What are some methods for reversing pupil dilation? | Reference.comWhat are some methods for reversing pupil dilation? | Reference.com
As of 2012, there are no products sold in the United States that reverse pupil dilation, according the New York Times. Some eye doctors used dapiprazole to reverse pupil dilation, but the product is...
Pupil Premium Strategy | Manor Green Primary SchoolPupil Premium Strategy | Manor Green Primary School
We have a system of termly progress meetings where teachers meet individually with the Assistant Head teacher to discuss pupil progress and attainment. It is in the context of these challenging meetings that if it is identified that a pupil is not likely to make upper quartile progress, additional advice or interventions or support will be discussed and put in place.. At Manor Green Primary, Pupil Premium is allocated straight to us and is clearly identifiable in our budget. It is up to us to decide how the Pupil Premium, allocated per FSM pupil, service children and children in care is spent, since we are best placed to assess what additional provision should be made for the individual pupils within our school. Although we are free to spend the Pupil Premium as we see fit, we are held accountable as to how we have used the additional funding to support pupils from low-income families, service children and children in care.. ...
School gardening as a means to influence pupils nutritional attitudes and behavior: A study at general and vocational high...School gardening as a means to influence pupils' nutritional attitudes and behavior: A study at general and vocational high...
Pupils who did or did not participate in school gardening and their self-assessment towards their sustainable knowledge. In the present study, only the self-assessment of the pupils sustainability knowledge was asked for and not their actual knowledge on sustainability. School gardening leads, for pupils who participated in it, to be able to better assess their own sustainability knowledge. These pupils attained a more substantial and differentiated self estimation of their knowledge through the participation in school gardening than pupils who did not. This result can be seen positively, because the participation in school gardening makes them recognize more sustainability relevant correlations between nutrition and sustainability than pupils who did not participate. The pupils knowledge of sustainability can positively influence their nutritional behavior. In the following study Baldivia et al. (2014) showed that before participation in school gardening programs pupils were not familiar ...
Now we know that pupil size and saliva measures might help doctors screen young children for autism spectrum disorders and may...Now we know that pupil size and saliva measures might help doctors screen young children for autism spectrum disorders and may...
The brainstem-the part of the brain that controls our most basic involuntary or autonomic responses including salivation and pupil response-is where researchers Christa Anderson and John Colombo are looking for biological characteristics and the neural basis of autism spectrum disorder.. They found two potential biological markers or biomarkers of ASD: larger resting pupil size and altered levels of a salivary enzyme associated with the neurotransmitter norepinephrine in children with the disorder.. The levels of the enzyme, salivary alpha-amylase (sAA) were higher in general across the day and much less variable for children with ASD compared to typically-developing children.. "What this says is that the autonomic system of children with ASD is always on the same level," said Anderson. "They are in overdrive.". Collecting sAA levels with a small sponge swab under a childs tongue and the measurement of pupil size are painless, non-invasive procedures that have the potential for pediatricians to ...
Do allergy eye drops make the pupil larger - Things You Didnt KnowDo allergy eye drops make the pupil larger - Things You Didn't Know
Do allergy eye drops make the pupil larger - Do allergy eye drops make the pupil larger? Should Not. They should not cause pupil dilation unless you are using a vasoconstricting agent (visine) when the drug wears off it can cause pupil dilation.
Finnish primary school pupils performance in learning to learn assessments : A longitudinal perspective on educational equityFinnish primary school pupils performance in learning to learn assessments : A longitudinal perspective on educational equity
During the last decade, Finnish pupils performance in educational assessment studies has steadily declined. At the same time the differences between pupils and in the capital area also the differences between schools have increased, and girls usually outperform boys in most assessed domains. The aim of the present study was to examine how these differences develop during primary education, with a special emphasis on the development of the performance of pupils in need of support for their studies. This was done by following three different samples of primary school pupils in two municipalities: In Helsinki a sample of 608 pupils was followed from the beginning of the first grade to the end of the sixth grade, and in Vantaa two full cohorts (N≈2000 in each) were assessed in the first/third grade and again in the third/sixth grade. In the beginning of the first grade the pupils took a learning preparedness test, and teachers evaluated their initial reading skills. At the turn of the third and ...
Pupil PremiumPupil Premium
Overview of Pupil Premium. The Pupil Premium grant is allocated to schools to work with pupils who have been registered for free school meals at any point in the last six years (known as Ever 6 FSM), Looked After Children, children adopted from care or who have left care, and children of service personnel (known as Ever 5 service). The funding is not ring-fenced per student and can be used for initiatives that include, but are not limited to, pupil premium students. The funding is available for students in Year 7 to 11.. · £935 for each Ever 6 FSM pupil. · £1900 for each Looked -after Child (LAC). · £1900 for each Post Looked after Care Child. · £300 for each Ever 5 Service Pupil. The full report on our PPG strategy can be viewed by clicking this link.. Below is a summary of PPG students and funding and key academic outcome headlines. ...
Pupil Premium - The London Nautical SchoolPupil Premium - The London Nautical School
Pupil Premium was introduced in April 2011, and paid by means of a specific grant based on school census figures for pupils registered as eligible for Free School Meals in Years 7 - 11. This entitlement has now been extended to the "Ever6". For looked after children the pupil premium was calculated using the Looked After Children data returns (SSDA903). A premium has also been introduced for children whose parents are currently serving in the armed forces. This service premium is designed to address the emotional and social well‐being of these pupils. A Top Up grant has been added for pupils coming into year 7 who did not reach L4 in either reading or mathematics by the end of year 6, additional funding is also available for summer school to support transition of prior lower attainers into secondary school. The pupil premium is additional to main school funding and it will be used by this school to address any underlying inequalities between children eligible by ensuring that funding reaches ...
Pupil PremiumPupil Premium
... - What is it and what is it for?. As you are probably aware, the Government give funding to schools for all children entitled to free school meals. This is a significant amount of money and we would encourage everyone who is entitled to Free School Meals to apply for them, even if your child prefers packed lunch. There are other added benefits, Pupil Premium being one. More information on Free School Meals is available from the school office.. The Department of Education say: "It is for the schools to decide how the Pupil Premium is allocated, as they are best placed to assess what additional provision should be made for individual pupils.". The school has been able to use this funding to ensure that those pupils and pupils from vulnerable groups make good progress, as well as children working at a higher level of attainment. Examples of which are:. ...
Primary headteachers condemn the negative effect of SATs on pupils wellbeing | Institute of Education - UCL - University...Primary headteachers condemn the negative effect of SATs on pupils' wellbeing | Institute of Education - UCL - University...
Over 80% of headteachers agree that SATs have a negative effect on pupils wellbeing, new research by UCL Institute of Education (IOE) reveals.
sun exposure after pupil dilation ? - Eye Care - MedHelpsun exposure after pupil dilation ? - Eye Care - MedHelp
I went through a routine pupil dilation exam today as i suffer from floaters and flashes. i used sunglasses to come back to my college from the nearby hospital, but didnt use sunglasses as i moved betw...
STC eyetrial Tuebingen - AdministrationSTC eyetrial Tuebingen - Administration
The Pupillographic Sleepiness Test (PST, F2D) of the company Amtech has been developed by us and is used intensively for research and diagnostic applications. So sleepiness can be objectively determined. In addition, we have developed more pupillographic gauges and deal currently mainly with Color Pupillography and pupil Campimetrie as an objective visual field examination method. More Information can be found on the website of Amtech ...
Dilating Pupils and Decisions - The Frontal CortexDilating Pupils and Decisions - The Frontal Cortex
In their experiment, the researchers presented six volunteers with four types of ambiguous stimuli. The volunteers viewed or listened to the stimuli and pressed a key on a keyboard when a perceptual shift occurred. At the same time, infrared eye-tracking software measured the diameter of the subjects pupils.. The scientists found a significant increase in the diameter of the pupil at the instant preceding the perceptual switch. The pupil, which is about 2 mm wide in bright light, dilated by as much as 1 mm at that moment-a change that, in theory, could be noticeable to a casual observer. Koch and his colleagues also found that the more the pupil dilated, the longer the period of time before the switch from one interpretation to the other.. "The pupil is not only there to regulate light, but is linked to our emotional state. This may have evolved for us to monitor the emotional state of others, and may offer a very simple way to track decision-making in general," says Koch. ...
What does Pinpoint pupils mean and Causes (drugs) - (2018 - Updated)What does Pinpoint pupils mean and Causes (drugs) - (2018 - Updated)
What does pinpoint pupils mean ? A pupil is a tiny black hole in the center of the eye. It is round shaped and medium sized. It has the ability to dilate and constrict. Light enters through the pupils and the dilation and constriction of pupils primarily depends on the exposure of light. The pupil constricts if the
Rydal Penrhos pupils star in RGC win over Italy at Conwy International FestivalRydal Penrhos pupils star in RGC win over Italy at Conwy International Festival
Rydal Penrhos pupil Adam Sabri was the hero of the hour as RGC notched their second consecutive win at the Conwy International Rugby Festival.. The lower sixth pupil crossed the line in the final minute of their clash with Italy II, which gave them an impressive 10-5 victory after an outstanding defensive display.. Sabri was one of five Rydal Penrhos players that featured in the squad, with fellow pupil Dan Owen putting in another exceptional performance to ensure the home side maintained their 100 per cent record in the competition.. Owen was rewarded for his fine performance when he received a memento from former Wales captain Ryan Jones, who attended the second day of action.. Other pupils in the squad were Euan Humphreys, Nick Dundee and Henry Davies.. Director of Sport Allen Boyd, said: "It was a very impressive performance and I thought that our pupils acquitted themselves extremely well.. "The Italians were a very physical side but the RGC rearguard held firm with some exceptional ...
German Pupil Courses - Professionals & Parents - UK-German ConnectionGerman Pupil Courses - Professionals & Parents - UK-German Connection
This is a high-profile government programme, part-funded by the German foreign office (participants pay a contribution towards the costs - usually around £300), and 36 pupils from the UK are selected each year. In order to apply, candidates must complete an application form stating their reasons for their interest in the course. This programme is open to pupils in Year 12 (England, Wales) / Year 13 (Northern Ireland) / S5 (Scotland) and Year 10 (England, Wales) / Year 11 (Northern Ireland) / S3 (Scotland).. You can find more information about the German Pupil Courses on our website for young people.. For pupils with excellent German results, the four-week German Scholarships Programme may also be interesting.. If you have any questions, please contact our pupil programmes manager.. ...
German Pupil Courses - Professionals & Parents - UK-German ConnectionGerman Pupil Courses - Professionals & Parents - UK-German Connection
This is a high-profile government programme, part-funded by the German foreign office (participants pay a contribution towards the costs - usually around £300), and 36 pupils from the UK are selected each year. In order to apply, candidates must complete an application form stating their reasons for their interest in the course. This programme is open to pupils in Year 12 (England, Wales) / Year 13 (Northern Ireland) / S5 (Scotland) and Year 10 (England, Wales) / Year 11 (Northern Ireland) / S3 (Scotland).. You can find more information about the German Pupil Courses on our website for young people.. For pupils with excellent German results, the four-week German Scholarships Programme may also be interesting.. If you have any questions, please contact our pupil programmes manager.. ...
Brain stem blood flow, pupillary response, and outcome in patients with severe head injuries<...Brain stem blood flow, pupillary response, and outcome in patients with severe head injuries<...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Brain stem blood flow, pupillary response, and outcome in patients with severe head injuries. AU - Ritter, Ann M.. AU - Muizelaar, J. Paul. AU - Barnes, Tom. AU - Choi, Sung. AU - Fatouros, Panos. AU - Ward, John. AU - Bullock, Ross. PY - 1999/5/1. Y1 - 1999/5/1. N2 - OBJECTIVE: Acute pupillary dilation in a head-injured patient is a neurological emergency. Pupil dilation is thought to be the result of uncal herniation causing mechanical compression of the IIIrd cranial nerve and subsequent brain stem compromise. However, not all patients with herniation have fixed and dilated pupils, and not all patients with nonreactive, enlarged pupils have uncal herniation. Therefore, we have tested an alternative hypothesis that a decrease in brain stem blood flow (BBF) is a more frequent cause of mydriasis and brain stem symptomatology after severe head injury. We determined the relation of BBF to outcome and pupillary response in patients with severe head injuries. METHODS: One hundred ...
Pupillometry - WikipediaPupillometry - Wikipedia
Hess and Polt (1960)[28] presented pictures of semi-naked adults and babies to adults (four men and two women). Pupils of both sexes dilated after seeing pictures of people of the opposite sex. In females, the difference in pupil size occurred also after seeing pictures of babies and mothers with babies. This examination showed that pupils react not only to the changes of intensity of light (pupillary light reflex) but also reflect arousal or emotions. In 1965 Hess, Seltzer and Shlien[29] examined pupillary responses in heterosexual and homosexual males. Results showed a greater pupil dilation to pictures of the opposite sex for heterosexuals and to pictures of the same sex for homosexuals . According to T.M. Simms (1967),[30] pupillary responses of males and females were greater when they were exposed to pictures of the opposite sex.[31] In another study, Nunnally and colleagues (1967)[32] found that seeing slides rated as very pleasant was associated with greater pupil dilation as seeing ...
Effect of pupil dilation on biometric measurements and intraocular lens power calculations in schoolchildren<...Effect of pupil dilation on biometric measurements and intraocular lens power calculations in schoolchildren<...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Effect of pupil dilation on biometric measurements and intraocular lens power calculations in schoolchildren. AU - Wang, Xiaogang. AU - Dong, Jing. AU - Tang, Maolong. AU - Wang, Xiaoliang. AU - Wang, Haitao. AU - Zhang, Suhua. PY - 2018/9/1. Y1 - 2018/9/1. N2 - Purpose To investigate the effect of pupil dilation on ocular biometric parameters and intraocular lens (IOL) power calculation in schoolchildren using the Lenstar LS 900. Methods One hundred forty eyes of 140 healthy schoolchildren were included in the analysis. Axial length (AL), central corneal thickness (CCT), aqueous depth (AD), anterior chamber depth (ACD), lens thickness (LT), flat keratometry (K), steep K, astigmatism, white-to-white (WTW), and iris/pupil barycenter distance were measured, before and after pupil dilation. Anterior segment length (ASL) was defined as the sum of ACD and LT, and lens position (LP) was defined as ACD plus half of the LT. The relative lens position (RLP) was defined as LP divided by ...
The Pupil Dilation Response During Speech Perception in Dark and Light: The Involvement of the Parasympathetic Nervous System...The Pupil Dilation Response During Speech Perception in Dark and Light: The Involvement of the Parasympathetic Nervous System...
TY - JOUR. T1 - The Pupil Dilation Response During Speech Perception in Dark and Light. T2 - The Involvement of the Parasympathetic Nervous System in Listening Effort. AU - Wang, Yang. AU - Kramer, Sophia E.. AU - Wendt, Dorothea. AU - Naylor, Graham. AU - Lunner, Thomas. AU - Zekveld, Adriana A.. PY - 2018/1/1. Y1 - 2018/1/1. N2 - Recently, the measurement of the pupil dilation response has been applied in many studies to assess listening effort. Meanwhile, the mechanisms underlying this response are still largely unknown. We present the results of a method that separates the influence of the parasympathetic and sympathetic branches of the autonomic nervous system on the pupil response during speech perception. This is achieved by changing the background illumination level. In darkness, the influence of the parasympathetic nervous system on the pupil response is minimal, whereas in light, there is an additional component from the parasympathetic nervous system. Nineteen hearing-impaired and 27 ...
Post-illumination pupillary light response (PIPR) to intermittent light exposure is larger than the response evoked by the...Post-illumination pupillary light response (PIPR) to intermittent light exposure is larger than the response evoked by the...
Purpose : The intrinsic photosensitive retinal ganglion cells (ipRGCs) are known to integrate the light signals over time in order to synchronize the circadian rhythm. We tested the hypothesis that the pupillary light response (PLR) is larger as result of intermittent light stimuli compared to continuous light exposure. Methods : PLR was recorded in 36 healthy subjects, one patient with choroideremia (rod-cone degeneration) and one glaucoma patient (melanopsin dysfunction) using three different pupillometry protocols. Each protocol began with five minutes of dark-adaptation. Protocol-1 consisted of 20 s continuous illumination (463 nm, 100 lux) followed by post-illumination pupillary response (PIPR) recording in 40 s. Protocol-2 included seven sequences of 5 s light-on and 5 s light-off, followed by PIPR recording in 40 s. Protocol-3 consisted of three sequences of 10 s light-on and 40 s light-off periods. Maximum contraction amplitude during the illumination period constituted the mixed ...
Intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cell function in relation to age : A pupillometric study in humans with special...Intrinsically photosensitive retinal ganglion cell function in relation to age : A pupillometric study in humans with special...
Background: The activity of melanopsin containing intrinsically photosensitive ganglion retinal cells (ipRGC) can be assessed by a means of pupil responses to bright blue (appr.480 nm) light. Due to age related factors in the eye, particularly, structural changes of the lens, less light reaches retina. The aim of this study was to examine how age and in vivo measured lens transmission of blue light might affect pupil light responses, in particular, mediated by the ipRGC.. Methods: Consensual pupil responses were explored in 44 healthy subjects aged between 26 and 68 years. A pupil response was recorded to a continuous 20 s light stimulus of 660 nm (red) or 470 nm (blue) both at 300 cd/m2 intensity (14.9 and 14.8 log photons/cm2/s, respectively). Additional recordings were performed using four 470 nm stimulus intensities of 3, 30, 100 and 300 cd/m2. The baseline pupil size was measured in darkness and results were adjusted for the baseline pupil and gender. The main outcome parameters were ...
Pupillometry: a non-invasive technique for pain assessment in paediatric patients | Archives of Disease in ChildhoodPupillometry: a non-invasive technique for pain assessment in paediatric patients | Archives of Disease in Childhood
Results Thirty patients were enrolled. Each point change on a 10 cm visual analogue pain intensity scale was associated with a statistically significant mean change of 0.11 mm/s in maximum pupil constriction velocity, and of approximately 0.4% in pupil diameter. As expected, there was an association between total opioid dose (expressed as morphine equivalents) and pupil diameter. Age, sex and baseline anxiety scores did not correlate significantly with pupillary response.. ...
Pupil PremiumPupil Premium
The Pupil Premium is an allocation of additional funding provided to schools to support specific groups of children who are vulnerable to possible underachievement. These include pupils who are entitled to free school meals (FSM), those looked after by the local authority and children of armed service personnel. The intended effect of this funding is to accelerate progress and raise attainment.. It is for schools to decide how the Pupil Premium, allocated to schools, is spent since they are best placed to assess what additional provision should be made for the individual pupils within their responsibility. We reserve the right to allocate the Pupil Premium funding to support any pupil or groups of pupils the school has legitimately identified as being socially disadvantaged. For further information please visit https://www.gov.uk/guidance/pupil-premium-information-for-schools-and-alternative-provision-settings. Our aims in deciding how to allocate Pupil Premium funding are:. ...
WO2015063598A1 - Pupillometers and systems and methods for using a pupillometer - Google PatentsWO2015063598A1 - Pupillometers and systems and methods for using a pupillometer - Google Patents
In one embodiment, a portable pupillometer including a testing compartment, at least one ocular disposed on the testing compartment, two or more light sources disposed in the testing compartment and forming a plurality of visual stimuli for a subject looking through the at least one ocular, at least one camera configured to capture images of a pupil of the subject via infrared detection, the images indicating pupillary responses to the two or more light sources, and an interface for connection with a computing device external to the pupillometer, the interface adapted to (i) provide, to the computing device, images from the at least one camera, and (ii) receive, from the computing device, control signals for controlling the plurality of light sources.
Pupillary light reflex - WikipediaPupillary light reflex - Wikipedia
In addition to controlling the amount of light that enters the eye, the pupillary light reflex provides a useful diagnostic tool. It allows for testing the integrity of the sensory and motor functions of the eye.[1] Under normal conditions, the pupils of both eyes respond identically to a light stimulus, regardless of which eye is being stimulated. Light entering one eye produces a constriction of the pupil of that eye, the direct response, as well as a constriction of the pupil of the unstimulated eye, the consensual response. Comparing these two responses in both eyes is helpful in locating a lesion.[1][11] For example, a direct response in the right pupil without a consensual response in the left pupil suggests a problem with the motor connection to the left pupil (perhaps as a result of damage to the oculomotor nerve or Edinger-Westphal nucleus of the brainstem). Lack of response to light stimulation of the right eye if both eyes respond normally to stimulation of the left eye indicates ...
EXPLORING THE POTENTIAL OF SHORT-TIME FOURIER TRANSFORMS FOR ANALYZING SKIN CONDUCTANCE AND PUPILLOMETRY IN REAL-TIME...EXPLORING THE POTENTIAL OF SHORT-TIME FOURIER TRANSFORMS FOR ANALYZING SKIN CONDUCTANCE AND PUPILLOMETRY IN REAL-TIME...
The development of real-time predictors of mental workload is critical for the practical application of augmented cognition to human-machine systems. This paper explores a novel method based on a short-time Fourier transform (STFT) for analyzing galvanic skin conductance (SC) and pupillometry time-series data to extract estimates of mental workload with temporal bandwidth high-enough to be useful for augmented cognition applications. We tested the method in the context of a process control task based on the DURESS simulation developed by Vincente and Pawlak (1994; ported to Java by Cosentino,& Ross, 1999). SC, pupil dilation, blink rate, and visual scanning patterns were measured for four participants actively engaged in controlling the simulation. Fault events were introduced that required participants to diagnose errors and make control adjustments to keep the simulator operating within a target range. We were interested in whether the STFT of these measures would produce visible effects of the
Afferent pupil sign | definition of afferent pupil sign by Medical dictionaryAfferent pupil sign | definition of afferent pupil sign by Medical dictionary
Looking for online definition of afferent pupil sign in the Medical Dictionary? afferent pupil sign explanation free. What is afferent pupil sign? Meaning of afferent pupil sign medical term. What does afferent pupil sign mean?
Why pupil progress is sunny side up | NewsWhy pupil progress is sunny side up | News
The summer term is traditionally seen as the dog end of the school year for many pupils - when hot classrooms, a desire to play in the sunshine and inevitable post-Sats relaxation might be expected to slow academic progress.. But new Government research has found the opposite is true. Key stage 2 and 3 pupils make most progress during the summer term and least during the longer autumn term.. The Department for Education study analysed teacher assessments made at the end of each term for 37,000 pupils in more than 340 schools. The records, for five different cohorts of pupils over three years, showed the same pattern of progress - in national curriculum levels of achievement - between autumn, spring and summer terms in reading, writing and maths.. The researchers linked the smaller increase in the autumn term to the long summer break "requiring pupils to retain their learning from the previous academic year over several weeks away from school".. They also noted that most primary pupils would be ...
Unequal Pupil Size in Dogs | petMDUnequal Pupil Size in Dogs | petMD
The pupil is the circular opening in the center of the eye that allows light to pass through. The pupil expands when there is little light present, and contracts when there is a greater amount of light present. Anisocoria refers to an unequal pupil size.
Pupil Premium - Boasley Cross Primary SchoolPupil Premium - Boasley Cross Primary School
To monitor progress on attainment, new measures will be included in the performance tables that will capture the achievement of students covered by the Pupil Premium. At The Dartmoor Federation Primaries, the usual cycle of half- termly data collection and the monitoring and tracking of the cohorts attainment, will be used to inform childrens progress and enable the early identification of need, support and appropriate intervention. The Senior Leadership Team, Pupil Premium Champion and Governors are accountable for the impact on the pupils of the spending of the Pupil Premium; all staff are responsible for ensuring that an inclusive, proactive, reflective and holistic approach are consistently used to support and maximise the opportunities for all pupils ...
Pupil - white spots. Causes, symptoms, treatment Pupil - white spotsPupil - white spots. Causes, symptoms, treatment Pupil - white spots
Description of disease Pupil - white spots. Treatment Pupil - white spots. Symptoms and causes Pupil - white spots Prophylaxis Pupil - white spots
Back tingling/ paresthesias and Dysarthria and Gait disorder and Pupillary changes - Symptom Checker - check medical symptoms...Back tingling/ paresthesias and Dysarthria and Gait disorder and Pupillary changes - Symptom Checker - check medical symptoms...
List of 206 causes for Back tingling/ paresthesias and Dysarthria and Gait disorder and Pupillary changes, alternative diagnoses, rare causes, misdiagnoses, patient stories, and much more.
HIE Multimedia - AnisocoriaHIE Multimedia - Anisocoria
Slight differences in pupil sizes are found in up to 1 in 5 healthy people. Most often, the diameter difference is less than 0.5 mm, but it can be up to 1 mm.. Babies born with different sized pupils may not have any underlying disorder. If other family members also have similar pupils, then the pupil size difference could be genetic and is nothing to worry about.. Also, for unknown reasons, pupils may temporarily differ in size. If there are no other symptoms and if the pupils return to normal, then it is nothing to worry about.. Unequal pupil sizes of more than 1 mm that develop later in life and do NOT return to equal size may be a sign of an eye, brain, blood vessel, or nerve disease. ...
A comparative analysis of teacher competence and its effect on pupil performance in upper primary schools in Mozambique and...A comparative analysis of teacher competence and its effect on pupil performance in upper primary schools in Mozambique and...
Several cross-national studies, which monitor the quality of education in many countries across the world, have been conducted over the recent years. The International Association for the Evaluation of Educational Achievement (IEA), founded in 1958 by a group of European and American researchers (Grisay and Griffin, 2004), wanted to measure the achievement of comparable samples of students in various subjects and in diverse school systems, with the view of investigating the relationships between possible differences in achievement and differences in inputs, processes and educational contexts. Since Mozambiques independence in 1975 there have been many small research studies undertaken by the Ministry of Education and universities, which have not been nationally representative. One exception is a nationally representative study conducted under the auspices of the Southern and Eastern Africa Consortium for Monitoring Educational Quality (SACMEQ) implemented in 2000 and comprising 15 systems of ...
Right pupil bigger than the left pupil - Eye Care - MedHelpRight pupil bigger than the left pupil - Eye Care - MedHelp
Hi, I am a 33 yrs old male. A few months back I noticed that the size of my right pupil is more than double the size of my left pupil or I should say my left pupil is really smaller than my right one. ...
Center helps immigrant pupils feel at ease - Houston ChronicleCenter helps immigrant pupils feel at ease - Houston Chronicle
Elementary school students who dont speak English have a lot of services, because Texas mandates certain programs for pre-kindergarten through fifth grade, said MayDell Jenks, the districts director of languages other than English. The pupils take five core classes: science, reading, math, social studies and language arts, plus electives like physical education, art and music. The difference lies in class size, and how fast the material is taught. Because classes at the center average 15 pupils per teacher versus 25 pupils per teacher at other schools, pupils learn at their own pace. The students come here, and they have a loving, secure environment, said Mary Endress, an instructional specialist for the district.
Program hones pupils writing skills - seattlepi.comProgram hones pupils' writing skills - seattlepi.com
The Northern abolitionists, the 24 pupils in teacher Jean Edholms fifth-grade class at Neely-OBrien Elementary School, carefully considered the wording of their letter to President Lincoln as they worked through a writing exercise with her one recent morning. The class on persuasive letter writing is one of 15 lessons in a program called Writing Northwest that aims to foster the writing skills of K-12 pupils. The proprietary program was developed 27 years ago by James Sabol, an adjunct professor at Seattle Pacific University, which offers classes for training teachers in Writing Northwest techniques through the university course catalog. The courses count toward the professional development requirement for continued state teacher certification or as credits toward a degree. Pupils taught by graduates of the program have registered striking increases in scores on the Kent schools annual writing assessment, compared with the scores of pupils at the same grade level who were taught by the teachers
WI Director of Special Education and Pupil Services 80 | VITERBO UNIVERSITYWI Director of Special Education and Pupil Services 80 | VITERBO UNIVERSITY
The PK-12 (DPI #80) license permits the holder to serve as the Director of Special Education and Pupil Services for any school district in the State of Wisconsin.. This licensure program is aligned with the Director of Special Education and Pupil Services Content Guidelines (WCG).. If you presently have an administrative license, Viterbo University requires an additional four three-credit courses to become licensed as a Director of Special Ed. and Pupil Services.. It you do not have an administrative license there are eleven three-credit courses that must be completed. All administrative licenses in WI require a masters degree.. The seven core courses are listed on the principal licensure page and the following four courses are required to obtain your Director of Special Education and Pupil Services License.. EDUL 654 Diverse Learner ...
Secondary education - pupils in KyrgyzstanSecondary education - pupils in Kyrgyzstan
Secondary education; pupils in Kyrgyzstan was last measured at 683249 in 2011, according to the World Bank. Secondary education pupils is the total number of pupils enrolled at secondary level in public and private schools.This page has the latest values, historical data, forecasts, charts, statistics, an economic calendar and news for Secondary education - pupils in Kyrgyzstan.
Primary education - pupils in Europe and Central AsiaPrimary education - pupils in Europe and Central Asia
Primary education; pupils in Europe and Central Asia was last measured at 15978478 in 2012, according to the World Bank. Primary education pupils is the total number of pupils enrolled at primary level in public and private schools.This page has the latest values, historical data, forecasts, charts, statistics, an economic calendar and news for Primary education - pupils in Europe and Central Asia.
Year 5 Mental Arithmetic Pupil Book Maths KS2 by Paul Broadbent | Buy Books at Lovereading4kids.co.ukYear 5 Mental Arithmetic Pupil Book Maths KS2 by Paul Broadbent | Buy Books at Lovereading4kids.co.uk
... Pupils can quickly get to grips with KS2 mental arithmetic using questions that become progressively more challenging.Fully in line with the new National Curriculum.* Clear explanations and worked examples ensure pupils grasp concepts quickly.* `How did you do? checks at the end of each topic allow pupils to self-evaluate their...Find out more
Teacher Suspended For Calling Pupils Ugly And FatTeacher Suspended For Calling Pupils Ugly And Fat
Posted on 07/22/2009 10:10:13 PM PDT by Steelfish. Teacher suspended for calling pupils ugly and fat A secondary school teacher called his pupils ugly and fat in lessons and asked if their mothers were attractive when planning parents evening, a tribunal heard. By Matthew Moore 22 Jul 2009 James Cairney, who taught food technology, also made inappropriate physical contact with students while demonstrating restraint techniques. The General Teaching Council found that Mr Cairney caused distress to his teenage pupils by making public judgements on their appearances. He described three students as ugly, fat and a scumbag, while praising ones good looks and calling another beautiful. When one student apologised for being late for a lesson at The Causeway School, Eastbourne, East Sussex, he replied: Its OK, I dont think youre pregnant. He also asked pupils whether their mother was fit while making appointments for parents evening. Allegations that Mr Cairney inappropriately ...
Differences in Pupil Size as a Symptom of MSDifferences in Pupil Size as a Symptom of MS
Multiple sclerosis can sometimes cause the impairment of the pupil reflex known as a relative afferent pupillary defect (RAPD), or Marcus Gunn pupil.
LIVES 2016: Neuromonitoring in acute brain injury | LIVESLIVES 2016: Neuromonitoring in acute brain injury | LIVES
Only moderate inter-rater reliability in pupillary assessments using standard clinical approach i.e. torch and subjective assessment: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26381281. Good inter-rater reliability for pupillometry. Big difference between standard assessment v pupillometry: https://t.co/MSwD9JG7RI. Quantitative devices also much better at diagnosing pupillary asymmetry (L v R) and therefore highlighting deterioration quicker. In cardiac arrest, during CPR - possible to detect recovery of light reflex with pupillometry. Linked to survival v no reflex: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22659054. Awaiting larger cohort study post-arrest - 288 patients included and hoping to present next year at LIVES 2017. Also of potential benefit in acute TBI - predicting uncal herniation: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12546375. ...
Bilateral pupillary dilation - RightDiagnosis.comBilateral pupillary dilation - RightDiagnosis.com
List of 5 disease causes of Bilateral pupillary dilation, patient stories, diagnostic guides. Diagnostic checklist, medical tests, doctor questions, and related signs or symptoms for Bilateral pupillary dilation.
Bill Text - AB-302 Pupil services: lactation accommodations.Bill Text - AB-302 Pupil services: lactation accommodations.
This bill would require a school operated by a school district or a county office of education, the California School for the Deaf, the California School for the Blind, and a charter school to provide, only if there is at least one lactating pupil on the school campus, reasonable accommodations to a lactating pupil on a school campus to express breast milk, breast-feed an infant child, or address other needs related to breast-feeding. The bill would require that these reasonable accommodations include, but are not limited to, access to a private and secure room, other than a restroom, to express breast milk or breast-feed an infant child, permission to bring onto a school campus any equipment used to express breast milk, access to a power source for that equipment, and access to a place to safely store expressed breast milk. The bill would also require that a lactating pupil on a school campus be given a reasonable amount of time to accommodate the need to express breast milk or breast-feed an ...
Auction to benefit pupils | Otago Daily Times Online NewsAuction to benefit pupils | Otago Daily Times Online News
An auction to raise funds for a fun day for St Leonards School pupils and a memorial for Bradley (9) and Ellen (6) Livingstone opens today. Organiser Tim Foley said the more than 80 auction items included a walk-on role on the television programme Shortland Street, a retreat for four people in Hanmer Springs and the chance to meet the cast of the television programme 7 Days at Forsyth Barr Stadium. Mr Foley said the money raised would fund a fun-filled day to return the smiles to pupils after the double homicide of their classmates earlier this month. A day not to think of the hard stuff. Some of the funds would go to a memorial initiated by the school for Bradley and Ellen. Mr Foley was blown away by the auction items given by former pupils, businesses, sporting organisations and St Leonards residents. Other auction items included original art, an electric bike, a chance to hijack a radio show, a ride in a Porsche GT3 race car and a cricket bat signed by the Black Caps. The ...
Pupil PremiumPupil Premium
The Pupil Premium is allocated to schools to address the current underlying inequalities between financially disadvantaged children and their peers. It is allocated for children eligible for free school meals, children who have been looked after continuously for more than six months, children whose parents are currently serving in the armed forces and children who are in receipt of a pension under the Armed Forces Compensation Scheme or the War Pensions Scheme. From 2012/2013, this has included pupils eligible for FSM at any point in the last six years.. Schools are free to decide how the Pupil Premium is spent but are required to publish online information about how the premium has been used and the impact that it has had on childrens progress.. The application form for free school meals can be obtained from the school office or accessed via the following link: www.norfolk.gov.uk/education-and-learning/schools/school-meals-and-milk. ...
Head of top boarding school threatens to expel pupils in relationships - Sky NewsHead of top boarding school threatens to expel pupils in relationships - Sky News
Mr Belfield, 45, a Cambridge maths graduate who became head in 2010, has previously criticised "pathetic" children for being ill and female pupils for wearing short skirts, it has been reported.. The school held a sixth-form casino night on Saturday where pupils dressed up, with girls in "little black dresses", according to its website.. Mr Belfield was unavailable to talk to Sky News on Wednesday as he was dining with 72 parents in Hong Kong, the school said. Just under two thirds of the pupils at Ruthin are from overseas.. In an email to parents regarding relationships, seen by Sky News, he said that all students, staff and parents were aware of his "strict views on behaviour and this is one reason why parents choose Ruthin School".. He continued: "Unlike many other schools in the UK, the young people at Ruthin School have exceptionally good behaviour and they are focused on their study and their goal of entering top universities. The students know how proud I am of them. ...
Straight teacher claims sexual discrimination over pupils gay taunts | Personnel TodayStraight teacher claims sexual discrimination over pupils' 'gay' taunts | Personnel Today
A straight teacher is claiming he suffered sexual discrimination after repeatedly being called gay and a "poof" by pupils.. James Campbell, 62, told a tribunal yesterday that pupils at Denny High School, Stirlingshire, Scotland, subjected him to crude and offensive comments suggesting he was gay. He said he "hates" kids because of what happened to him, after they called him names including "perv", "gay", "poof", and "weirdo".. Campbell, the former art teacher at the school, had already lost a disability claim after pupils mocked his baldness, and an unfair dismissal case after he claimed unruly kids forced him into early retirement, the Scottish Daily Record reported.. Married Campbell told the tribunal in Glasgow: "At one stage theyd call me baldy. At another stage theyd call me poof. It shouldnt have happened. Nobody should have called me all these things. Surely there should be some retribution for this.. "Somebody has called me all these names. I think it is just and equitable that the ...
ERIC - Assessing Pupil Attitudes Toward Mathematics. Grades 4-6., 1982ERIC - Assessing Pupil Attitudes Toward Mathematics. Grades 4-6., 1982
An attitude scale developed by Dutton, Petrie, and Adams was administered by classroom teachers to 850 pupils in grades 4-6 in 10 schools in one school system in September and again in May. The scale had two parts, a 15-item section assessing feelings toward mathematics and another part that asked the child to rank-order the subjects liked, best to least. In grade 4, mathematics was a liked subject in both testings. Pupils in grade 5 indicated a positive attitude toward mathematics, and it ranked in the top three subjects except in one school, with little change from beginning to end of the year. In grade 6, pupils for the most part ranked mathematics as a liked subject in September, but it was ranked lower in half the schools in May. Fear of word problems was cited at all three levels as a reason for disliking mathematics. Children liked mathematics because they considered it important and fun. (MNS)
Saxophone Basics Pupils book - Andy Hampton; | Foyles BookstoreSaxophone Basics Pupil's book - Andy Hampton; | Foyles Bookstore
Saxophone Basics Series is a landmark method for beginner saxophone players by one of the leading figures in saxophone education, Andy Hampton. Comprising pupils tutor book, teachers book with accompaniment parts and an array of online resources. Saxophone Basics Pupils book starts at absolute beginner level and progresses to about Grade 2. There are 22 stages, each section includes a wonderful variety of concert pieces from the great composers, traditional tunes and fun, original exercises, finger gyms and warm ups to help establish a sound technique, factfiles and quizzes to teach notation and general musicianship, helpful, clear fingering charts and rhythm boxes and great illustrations. Also available, is the Pupils book edition with a CD accompaniment for an enhanced learning experience. Included in this edition: || a wide range of classical, jazz and pop repertoire, including One Mint Julep, and the theme from Red Dwarf || warm ups, fun original exercises
Judge upholds ban on private religious school admitting new pupils » Humanists UKJudge upholds ban on private religious school admitting new pupils » Humanists UK
A private religious school in north London has lost its appeal against a Department for Education (DfE) order banning it from admitting new pupils until the standard of education it provides is improved. Beis Aharon in Stamford Hill was previously criticised by Ofsted for not providing sufficient teaching in secular subjects such as English, history, and personal, social, and health education (PSHE), meaning pupils were not able to develop fluency in reading, writing and spoken English, and were not adequately prepared for the responsibilities of adult life. The DfE decided to ban the school from taking new pupils in the wake of these reports, a decision which a Care Standards tribunal deemed both proportionate and necessary after the school appealed. The British Humanist Association (BHA) has welcomed the tribunals ruling and encouraged the DfE to continuing taking action when similar failings are found in other schools.. Drawing particular attention to certain aspects of the schools ...
Bryn Tawe pupils taste University lifeBryn Tawe pupils taste University life
Forty Year 9 pupils from Ysgol Gyfun Bryn Tawe have been invited to participate in a Taste of languages through the medium of Welsh", day by Swansea Universitys Department of Languages, Translation and Media and the South West Wales Reaching Wider Partnership. The day has been sponsored by Coleg Cymraeg Cenedlaethol, Swansea University and the South West Wales Reaching Wider Partnership which aims to widen access into higher education across south west Wales.. The aim of the day will be to promote modern foreign language opportunities through the medium of Welsh. The pupils will receive a tour of Swansea University campus as well as a talk about university life.. They will also participate in various workshops such as German for All, Holiday Spanish and a Surviving French Translation session.. Dr Geraldine Lublin from Swansea Universitys Department of Languages, Translation and Media said: It is great to see that so many pupils from Ysgol Gyfun Bryn Tawe are interested in attending ...
School grounds story: Pupil Friendly school grounds at Purleigh Community Primary School - Eco SchoolsSchool grounds story: Pupil Friendly school grounds at Purleigh Community Primary School - Eco Schools
The school grounds at Purleigh Community Primary School are a lovely place to visit. The Eco-Committee has been an integral part of deciding what should happen in the school grounds, ensuring that every idea is pupil friendly.. They have an outdoor classroom which doubles up as a storytelling area, willow domes for some relaxation time and some great wildlife areas too. The Eco-Committee put out reptile mats and we have been very lucky to see slow worms and grass snakes using them - a lot of the children will often have a look at these and at our bug hotel in the school grounds during break and lunchtime.. The pupils in the school love to run round and keep active and the school help encourage this by providing space to run, a climbing wall and a tyre obstacle course. Part of the grounds has been separated off as a memorial area for one of our teachers. This was designed by the pupils to be a quiet area to provide a balance within the school grounds, giving a peaceful space for time for ...
Eye test determines severity of MS - doctorportal | doctorportalEye test determines severity of MS - doctorportal | doctorportal
Scientists have developed a simple eye test to monitor and track the severity of multiple sclerosis (MS) in patients over time.. Building on the finding that eye pupil responses in MS patients are slower than those without the condition, Australian National University researchers have developed a diagnostic test using instruments that precisely measure the speed with which pupils respond to stimuli.. The researchers said that the eye test was a simple and quick way of tracking the severity of MS over time, with the slower the pupil response was, the more advanced the condition was.. MS is a neurological condition affecting the myelin sheath of nerve fibres, leading to sensory disturbances and muscle weakness. Vision, speech and walking are most often affected, and pain can occur. MS affects different people in different ways, but the condition get worse with age. In Australia there are about 12,000 suffers, and it is the most common neurological disability in adults.. Lead researcher Professor ...
Current Students and StaffCurrent Students and Staff
Sprint-based exercises introduced during the school day can sharpen pupil minds in the classroom, new research reveals. A study by Loughborough Universitys School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, part of the National Centre for Sport and Exercise Medicine East Midlands, and Nottingham Trent Universitys School of Science and Technology, found that response times among adolescent pupils became significantly faster - but remained just as accurate - post-exercise. The work, published in the journal Preventive Medicine Reports, saw 12 year-old pupils undertake 10 x 10 second sprints, interspersed by 50 seconds of walking, before requiring them to undertake classroom-based cognitive function tests. Pupils also performed the tests without exercise as part of a resting trial. The researchers found that pupils response times improved by about 5% when performing the Stroop test following exercise. This test measures attention by challenging participants to respond with the colour a word is ...
OphthalmoscopyOphthalmoscopy
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PupilPupil DisordersTonic PupilReflex, PupillaryMydriaticsTropicamideMydriasisIrisAnisocoriaMiosisAccommodation, OcularAdie SyndromeRefraction, OcularAberrometrySchoolsEye ColorCyclopentolateRefractive ErrorsCorneal TopographyLightVisual AcuityStudentsOptics and PhotonicsGlarePresbyopiaFacultyAstigmatismDiagnostic Techniques, OphthalmologicalEye, ArtificialFood ServicesNewspapersEducational StatusYuccaNational SocialismMississippiCriminalsWarCriminal LawAwards and PrizesNobel PrizeAggressionSocial DominanceCompetitive BehaviorPeriodicals as TopicJournalism, MedicalPublishingBibliometricsGreat BritainAuthorshipDuty to WarnClothingProtective ClothingChild WelfareDisabled Children
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Exit pupil | Define Exit pupil at Dictionary.comExit pupil | Define Exit pupil at Dictionary.com
Pupil dictionary definition | pupil definedPupil dictionary definition | pupil defined
Exit pupil - WikipediaExit pupil - Wikipedia
UCL working to inspire pupils in NewhamUCL working to inspire pupils in Newham
Dilating Pupils and Decisions - The Frontal CortexDilating Pupils and Decisions - The Frontal Cortex
What are some methods for reversing pupil dilation? | Reference.comWhat are some methods for reversing pupil dilation? | Reference.com
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Entrance Pupil Database - PanoTools.org WikiEntrance Pupil Database - PanoTools.org Wiki
Pupil Response to Sad, Angry Faces May Determine Risk for Depression RelapsePupil Response to Sad, Angry Faces May Determine Risk for Depression Relapse
Dilated pupil - Stock Image C015/2019 - Science Photo LibraryDilated pupil - Stock Image C015/2019 - Science Photo Library
Difference between revisions of Entrance Pupil Database - PanoTools.org WikiDifference between revisions of "Entrance Pupil Database" - PanoTools.org Wiki
Pupil PremiumPupil Premium
Apt Pupil (1998) - IMDbApt Pupil (1998) - IMDb
Pupil Premium Award regional winnersPupil Premium Award regional winners
Human eye - The pupil | BritannicaHuman eye - The pupil | Britannica
Pupil Power - DemosPupil Power - Demos
Adie tonic pupilAdie tonic pupil
Teacher caught on phone beating pupilTeacher caught on phone beating pupil
2019 Sciennes Pupil Sponsored Events - JustGiving2019 Sciennes Pupil Sponsored Events - JustGiving
Apt Pupil runs into bad...'Apt Pupil'' runs into bad...
Pupil - white spots: MedlinePlus Medical EncyclopediaPupil - white spots: MedlinePlus Medical Encyclopedia
Hijacker pupil expelled | News24Hijacker pupil expelled | News24
December - EP by Yesterdays Pupil on Apple MusicDecember - EP by Yesterday's Pupil on Apple Music
Canadas Orser torn by pupil Hanyus victory | ReutersCanada's Orser torn by pupil Hanyu's victory | Reuters
Special needs pupil exclusion to be tackled - TelegraphSpecial needs pupil exclusion to be tackled - Telegraph
Press release pupil premium + adop register july2014Press release pupil premium + adop register july2014
Bright illusions reduce the eyes pupil | PNASBright illusions reduce the eye's pupil | PNAS
Pupil Premium:Written question - 210677 - UK ParliamentPupil Premium:Written question - 210677 - UK Parliament
John the pupil (Book, 2014) [WorldCat.org]John the pupil (Book, 2014) [WorldCat.org]
School mourns popular pupil | Stuff.co.nzSchool mourns popular pupil | Stuff.co.nz
SIPs and pupil referral unitsSIPs and pupil referral units
Pupil Testing Plan Is Set - The New York TimesPupil Testing Plan Is Set - The New York Times
BBC NEWS | UK | Education | Pupil TV habits concern teachersBBC NEWS | UK | Education | Pupil TV habits concern teachers
BBC News - Asthma death pupil neglected by Stockport schoolBBC News - Asthma death pupil 'neglected' by Stockport school
Teach pupils to explore Shakespeare -...'Teach pupils to explore Shakespeare' -...
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Exit pupil - SWPPExit pupil - SWPP
Contact Pupil BenefitsContact Pupil Benefits
AnatomyOrganismsDiseasesChemicals and DrugsAnalytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and EquipmentPsychiatry and PsychologyPhenomena and ProcessesDisciplines and OccupationsAnthropology, Education, Sociology and Social PhenomenaTechnology, Industry, AgricultureHumanitiesInformation ScienceNamed GroupsHealth CareGeographicals
PupilPupil DisordersTonic PupilReflex, PupillaryMydriaticsTropicamideMydriasisIrisAnisocoriaMiosisAccommodation, OcularAdie SyndromeRefraction, OcularAberrometrySchoolsEye ColorCyclopentolateRefractive ErrorsCorneal TopographyLightVisual AcuityStudentsOptics and PhotonicsGlarePresbyopiaFacultyAstigmatismDiagnostic Techniques, OphthalmologicalEye, ArtificialFood ServicesNewspapersEducational StatusYuccaNational SocialismMississippiCriminalsWarCriminal LawAwards and PrizesNobel PrizeAggressionSocial DominanceCompetitive BehaviorPeriodicals as TopicJournalism, MedicalPublishingBibliometricsGreat BritainAuthorshipDuty to WarnClothingProtective ClothingChild WelfareDisabled Children
DilationConstrictRetinaConstrictionFree schooEntrance pupilReact to lightEye'sAttainment of disadvantaged pupilsDiameterLarge pupilSizePerson'sSymptomsLensReactivityBilateralRaise the attainmentCornealPeersPremiumSecondary schoolOpiateWavefrontMethodsResearchersLightPinpointReachesApertureBehaviourBehaviouralPrimarySchoolsSchoolGradeIrregular
Dilation9
  • What are some methods for reversing pupil dilation? (reference.com)
  • As of 2012, there are no products sold in the United States that reverse pupil dilation, according the New York Times. (reference.com)
  • Some eye doctors used dapiprazole to reverse pupil dilation, but the product is no longer available. (reference.com)
  • Pupil dilation in reaction to seeing negative emotional faces appears to predict the risk for experiencing a relapse of major depressive disorder (MDD), according to a new study at Binghamton University, State University of New York. (psychcentral.com)
  • Specifically, really high or really low pupil dilation to angry faces was linked to an increased risk for depression relapse, whereas only low dilation to sad faces was associated with risk. (psychcentral.com)
  • For the study, researchers at Binghamton University, led by Ph.D. student Anastacia Kudinova, aimed to determine whether physiological reactivity to emotional stimuli, assessed through pupil dilation, could be used as a biological marker of risk for depression recurrence among individuals who are known to be at a higher risk due to having previous history of depression. (psychcentral.com)
  • The researchers recorded the change in pupil dilation in response to angry, happy, sad, and neutral faces. (psychcentral.com)
  • Specifically, really high or really low pupil dilation to angry faces was associated with increased risk whereas only low dilation to sad faces was associated with risk (high dilation to sad faces was actually protective)," said Brandon Gibb, professor of psychology at Binghamton University and director of the Mood Disorders Institute and Center for Affective Science. (psychcentral.com)
  • Light enters through the pupils and the dilation and constriction of pupils primarily depends on the exposure of light. (healthool.com)
Constrict5
Retina4
Constriction2
Free schoo3
  • The Pupil Premium grant is allocated to schools to work with pupils who have been registered for free school meals at any point in the last six years (known as 'Ever 6 FSM'), Looked After Children, children adopted from care or who have left care, and children of service personnel (known as 'Ever 5 service). (google.com)
  • You will be aware that nationally there is a significant gap between the achievement of pupils entitled to free school meals (FSM) and those that pay for their meals. (lns.org.uk)
  • Pupil Premium was introduced in April 2011, and paid by means of a specific grant based on school census figures for pupils registered as eligible for Free School Meals in Year's 7 - 11. (lns.org.uk)
Entrance pupil2
React to light1
Eye's3
Attainment of disadvantaged pupils1
  • With greater scrutiny from Ofsted on how the money is spent, it is essential to choose the right interventions and demonstrate their impact on raising attainment of disadvantaged pupils, or risk being judged inadequate at inspection. (pr.com)
Diameter4
  • The term exit pupil is also sometimes used to refer to the diameter of the virtual aperture. (wikipedia.org)
  • By moving the card closer to or further away from the eyepiece, the disc of light will be minimized when the card is at the exit pupil, and the bright disc then shows the diameter of the pupil. (wikipedia.org)
  • For a telescope, the diameter of the exit pupil can be calculated by dividing the focal length of the eyepiece by the focal ratio (f-number) of the telescope. (wikipedia.org)
  • Dispersion of Zernike expansion coefficients was lower when calculated by the scaling method for a pupil diameter of 3 mm as compared to the one introduced when only the central 3 mm of the Shack - Hartmann image was evaluated. (biomedcentral.com)
Large pupil1
  • An astronomical telescope requires a large pupil because it is designed to be used for looking at dim objects at night, while a microscope will require a much smaller pupil since the object will be brightly illuminated. (wikipedia.org)
Size13
  • A set of 7×50 binoculars has an exit pupil just over 7.1 mm, which corresponds to the average pupil size of a youthful dark-adapted human eye in circumstances with no extraneous light. (wikipedia.org)
  • The maximum pupil size of a human eye is typically 5-9 mm for individuals below 25 years old, and decreases slowly with age as shown as an approximate guide in the table below. (wikipedia.org)
  • The size of the pupil is controlled by muscles . (wikipedia.org)
  • The light makes the pupil change its size. (wikipedia.org)
  • Pupils that are a normal size are called "regular. (wikipedia.org)
  • If both pupils change size at the same time, but the change happens slowly, the pupils are called "sluggish. (wikipedia.org)
  • If only one pupil changes size, there is usually a problem with the brain, or with the optic nerve (the nerve that runs from the brain to the eye). (wikipedia.org)
  • Medical Xpress) -- University of Kansas researchers have found larger resting pupil size and lower levels of a salivary enzyme associated with the neurotransmitter norepinephrine in children with autism spectrum disorder. (medicalxpress.com)
  • But Anderson and Colombo also see pupil size and sAA levels as biomarkers that could be the physiological signatures of a possible dysfunction in the autonomic nervous system. (medicalxpress.com)
  • They found two potential biological markers or biomarkers of ASD: larger resting pupil size and altered levels of a salivary enzyme associated with the neurotransmitter norepinephrine in children with the disorder. (ku.edu)
  • Collecting sAA levels with a small sponge swab under a child's tongue and the measurement of pupil size are painless, non-invasive procedures that have the potential for pediatricians to screen children for ASD much earlier and with relatively little expense, said Anderson. (ku.edu)
  • Beyond the exciting possibility of usefulness for early screening, the researchers see pupil size and sAA levels as possible physiological signatures of dysfunction in the autonomic nervous system. (ku.edu)
  • We compared the variance of individual Zernike expansion coefficients as determined by the aberrometer with the variance of coefficients calculated using a mathematical method for scaling the expansion coefficients to reconstruct wavefront aberration for a reduced-size pupil. (biomedcentral.com)
Person's3
Symptoms1
Lens2
Reactivity1
Bilateral2
Raise the attainment1
  • Funding is specifically allocated to raise the attainment of these groups of pupils and to close the gap in attainment and progress between them and other children in their year group both within the school and nationally. (qehs.net)
Corneal1
Peers1
  • The funding will be used to narrow and close the gap between the achievement of these pupils and their peers locally and nationally. (lns.org.uk)
Premium11
Secondary school1
  • A Top Up grant has been added for pupils coming into year 7 who did not reach L4 in either reading or mathematics by the end of year 6, additional funding is also available for summer school to support transition of prior lower attainers into secondary school. (lns.org.uk)
Opiate1
Wavefront1
  • Wavefront aberration exhibits a marked variance of the order of 0.45 microns near the edge of the pupil whereas the central part appears to be measured more consistently. (biomedcentral.com)
Methods2
  • Such problems are often connected to the slower development of basic skills such as reading and mathematics, poor learning motivation, ineffective working methods in learning situations and problems in the teacher-pupil relationship. (jyu.fi)
  • Metsäpelto believes that the new curriculum, which is based on comprehensive phenomenon-based learning, may also offer new opportunities to individualise teaching and select working methods flexibly, and thus support the learning motivation of all pupils as well as their commitment to school's learning situations. (jyu.fi)
Researchers1
  • The brainstem-the part of the brain that controls our most basic involuntary or autonomic responses including salivation and pupil response-is where researchers Christa Anderson and John Colombo are looking for biological characteristics and the neural basis of autism spectrum disorder. (ku.edu)
Light13
  • A clear vial of milky fluid can also be used to visualize the light rays, which appear as an hourglass shape converging and diverging as they exit the eyepiece, with the smallest cross-section (the waist of the hourglass shape) representing the exit pupil. (wikipedia.org)
  • When more light is needed, the pupil is made larger. (wikipedia.org)
  • In brighter light, the pupil is made smaller. (wikipedia.org)
  • When it is darker, the pupils will dilate (get bigger) because they need to allow more light into the eye to see. (wikipedia.org)
  • The reason why it has no colour is because the light that travels through the pupil is absorbed by the tissues in the inside of the eye. (wikipedia.org)
  • When a light is shined in one pupil, both pupils should get smaller at the same time. (wikipedia.org)
  • When the light is taken away, both pupils should get bigger at the same time. (wikipedia.org)
  • This is called being "light-reactive" (the pupils are reacting to changes in light). (wikipedia.org)
  • If neither pupil changes shape when light is shined in it, the pupils are called "fixed. (wikipedia.org)
  • The pupil constricts if the light is bright. (healthool.com)
  • However, a condition called pinpoint pupil is possible if the pupil remains constricted irrespective of the exposure to light. (healthool.com)
  • A normal pupil dilates and constricts depending on the exposure to light and darkness. (healthool.com)
  • If you are suspecting pinpoint pupils, then you have to create a dark environment and then slowly expose the person to light. (healthool.com)
Pinpoint9
Reaches1
  • We will ensure that the additional funding reaches the pupils who need it most and that it makes a significant impact on their education and lives. (lns.org.uk)
Aperture3
Behaviour2
  • Externalising behaviour problems are often considered difficult in school classes and often manifest in pupils as overactive, restless and inattentive behaviour, defiance, difficulty in following rules, and aggressiveness towards other pupils. (jyu.fi)
  • During the study, it was also observed that externalising behaviour problems may be negatively reflected in the relationship between the teacher and the pupil. (jyu.fi)
Behavioural1
Primary2
  • The aim of the present study was to examine how these differences develop during primary education, with a special emphasis on the development of the performance of pupils in need of support for their studies. (helsinki.fi)
  • This was done by following three different samples of primary school pupils in two municipalities: In Helsinki a sample of 608 pupils was followed from the beginning of the first grade to the end of the sixth grade, and in Vantaa two full cohorts (N≈2000 in each) were assessed in the first/third grade and again in the third/sixth grade. (helsinki.fi)
Schools1
  • At the same time the differences between pupils and in the capital area also the differences between schools have increased, and girls usually outperform boys in most assessed domains. (helsinki.fi)
School2
  • Externalizing problems observed in the fourth year of school predicted the continuation of conflicts in the teacher-pupil relationship in the sixth year. (jyu.fi)
  • The results showed that whereas girls were evaluated by their teachers as being slightly better readers already when they came to school, there was no gender difference in pupils performance in the learning preparedness test. (helsinki.fi)
Grade4
  • In the beginning of the first grade the pupils took a learning preparedness test, and teachers evaluated their initial reading skills. (helsinki.fi)
  • At the turn of the third and fourth grade the pupils completed the Finnish learning to learn scales, which addressed a wide scope of cognitive competences and learning-related attitudes. (helsinki.fi)
  • The gap between pupils with support needs and others, however, increased from the beginning of the fourth grade to the end of the sixth grade in both municipalities. (helsinki.fi)
  • Reduced time investment and higher levels of detrimental attitudes also provided a partial explanation as to why pupils with identified support needs did not reach their expected level of performance in the sixth grade assessment. (helsinki.fi)
Irregular1
The Whale --Pupil's work--Lee Whitehouse
The Whale --Pupil's work--Lee Whitehouse (homepage.tinet.ie/~edrice/)
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Hull pupil dead: Boy, 5, chokes on sausage roll | Daily Star (dailystar.co.uk)
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Green eye face stock photo. Image of eyelid, pupil, parts - 30590 (dreamstime.com)
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Eyes stock image. Image of eyeball, pupil, make, iris, green - 30035 (dreamstime.com)
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Hadley Vocational School: Pupil with teeth out. (mohistory.org)
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Big English 5 Pupil's Book - Herrera Mario, Sol Cruz Christopher | Książka | merlin.pl (merlin.pl)
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Making Decisions: Lesson Planning to Enable Pupil Progress (padlet.com)
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November 19, 2019 | Pupil Transportation Safety Institute (ptsi.org)
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RJ Mitchell Primary School SEN pupil found 'wandering the streets in the dark' after Halloween Party | Romford Recorder (romfordrecorder.co.uk)
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National Series of Selections for Reading; Adapted to the Standing of the Pupil - Richard Green Parker - Google Libros (books.google.co.ve)
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Pupil News: Pupil Latest News and Headlines Today | Hindustan Times (hindustantimes.com)
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Pupil: Light, Perception & Life Science Activity | Exploratorium Teacher Institute Project (exploratorium.edu)
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Apt Pupil (1998) - IMDb (imdb.com)
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Amaurotic pupil | Definition of Amaurotic pupil at Dictionary.com (dictionary.com)
Cambridge Social Science Level 2 | Cambridge Social Science | Cambridge University Press
Cambridge Social Science Level 2 | Cambridge Social Science | Cambridge University Press (cambridge.org)
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Pupil Fights Trash - latimes (articles.latimes.com)
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Mother shocked by son's rail plank - NZ Herald (nzherald.co.nz)
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BBC NEWS | UK | Education | Pupil TV habits concern teachers (news.bbc.co.uk)
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Upcoming District & Community Events - Whitefish Bay Pupil Services Website (sites.google.com)
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Ophthalmoscopy - Wikipedia (en.wikipedia.org)
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I'm Dying Laughing - Audiobook | Audible.com (audible.com)
Tele-EyeCare | Ophthalmology | Stanford Medicine
Tele-EyeCare | Ophthalmology | Stanford Medicine (med.stanford.edu)
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Pupil Power - Demos (demos.co.uk)
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22 May 2019: Written answers - TheyWorkForYou (theyworkforyou.com)
The Vale of Glamorgan : Ratings St Richard Gwyn Catholic High School - Wales Online
The Vale of Glamorgan : Ratings St Richard Gwyn Catholic High School - Wales Online (walesonline.co.uk)
Procedures for the Evaluation of the Visual System by Pediatricians: Clinical Report - 2016 - American Academy of Ophthalmology
Procedures for the Evaluation of the Visual System by Pediatricians: Clinical Report - 2016 - American Academy of Ophthalmology (aao.org)
Bruno's Dream (Audiobook) by Iris Murdoch | Audible.com
Bruno's Dream (Audiobook) by Iris Murdoch | Audible.com (audible.com)
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Henry and Cato - Audiobook | Audible.com (audible.com)
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School - Florida Association for Pupil Transportation (faptflorida.org)
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2019 Sciennes Pupil Sponsored Events - JustGiving (justgiving.com)
March 1915 | Harper's Magazine
March 1915 | Harper's Magazine (harpers.org)