Psychoneuroimmunology
Neuroimmunomodulation
Behavioral Medicine
Encyclopedias as Topic
Interdisciplinary Studies
Effects of stress management on PNI-based outcomes in persons with HIV disease. (1/58)
A pretest-posttest, repeated-measures design was used to evaluate the effects of two stress management interventions on a battery of outcomes derived from a psychoneuroimmunological (PNI) framework. The effects of cognitive-behavioral relaxation training groups (CBSM) and social support groups (SSG) were compared with a WAIT-listed control group on the outcomes of psychosocial functioning, quality of life, neuroendocrine mediation, and somatic health. Participants were 148 individuals (119 men, 29 women), diagnosed with HIV disease; 112 (76%) completing the study groups. Using analysis of covariance, the CBSM group was found to have significantly higher postintervention emotional well-being and total quality-of-life scores than did either the SSG or WAIT groups. SSG participants had significantly lower social/family well-being scores immediately postintervention and lower social support scores after 6 months. The findings point to a pressing need for further, well-controlled research with these common intervention modalities. (+info)Optimism and immunity: do positive thoughts always lead to positive effects? (2/58)
The effects of dispositional optimism, as defined by generalized positive expectations for the future, on physical health are mixed, especially in diseases that can be immunologically mediated such as HIV and cancer. Both experimental and naturalistic studies show that optimism is negatively related to measures of cellular immunity when stressors are difficult (e.g., complex, persistent, and uncontrollable) but positively related when stressors are easy (e.g., straightforward, brief, and controllable). Although the negative relationship between optimism and immunity has been attributed to the violation of optimists' positive expectancies and subsequent disappointment, empirical evidence suggests that it is more likely to be a consequence of optimists' greater engagement during difficult stressors. For example, negative mood does not account for the effect, but conscientiousness, a personality facet related to engagement, does. The mixed immunological correlates of optimism may explain why it does not consistently predict better disease outcomes. (+info)TNF-alpha levels in cancer patients relate to social variables. (3/58)
Tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) is an important cytokine associated with tumor regression and increased survival time for cancer patients. Research evidence relates immune factors (e.g., natural killer (NK) cell counts, NK cell lysis, lymphocyte profile, and lymphocyte proliferation) to the frequency and quality of social relations among cancer patients. We hypothesized that disruptions in social relations would be associated with lower TNF-alpha responses, and conversely, that reports of positive changes in social relations correlate with stronger responses. A prospective design measured changes in social activity and relationship satisfaction with a partner in 44 breast cancer patients at the time of cancer diagnosis, and initial surgery and 12 months later. Results indicated that patients reporting increased social activities or satisfaction exhibited stronger stimulated TNF-alpha responses. This is the first study to link changes in patient social relations with a cancer-relevant immune variable. (+info)Implementing a comprehensive approach to the study of health dynamics using the psychoneuroimmunology paradigm. (4/58)
This article addresses psychoneuroimmunology (PNI) as an integrative paradigm for advancing both theoretical and empirical knowledge of physiological patterns that contribute to the dynamics of health. We depict relationships among relevant psychobehavioral and physiological components in a PNI-based framework. We then provide examples of how this framework guided 2 clinical trials designed to assess the effectiveness of selected nursing interventions to reduce stress and enhance coping, one in persons with human immunodeficiency viral disease and the other in persons with cancer. The examples address disease-specific measures for assessing the components of the PNI-based framework. (+info)Research on psychoneuroimmunology: tai chi as a stress management approach for individuals with HIV disease. (5/58)
Psychoneuroimmunology is a framework for mind-body practice and research that combines cutting-edge scientific exploration with holistic philosophy to appreciate and understand stress responses. The rapidly growing research literature provides a foundation for building an integrative stress management model with the potential to positively influence the stress-disease relationship and, ultimately, health outcomes. This article introduces a novel tai chi intervention and provides quantitative and qualitative data from a randomized clinical trial indicating its effects on psychosocial variables in individuals living with various stages of HIV disease. (+info)It takes nerve to tell T and B cells what to do. (6/58)
The existence of an association between the brain and immunity has been documented. Data show that the nervous and immune systems communicate with one another to maintain immune homeostasis. Activated immune cells secrete cytokines that influence central nervous system activity, which in turn, activates output through the peripheral nervous system to regulate the level of immune cell activity and the subsequent magnitude of an immune response. In this review, we will focus our presentation and discussion on the findings that indicate a regulatory role for the peripheral sympathetic nervous system in modulating the level of cytokine and antibody produced during an immune response. Data will be discussed from studies involving the stimulation of the beta2 adrenergic receptor expressed on CD4+ T cells and B cells by norepinephrine or selective agonists. We will also discuss how dysregulation of this line of communication between the nervous and immune systems might contribute to disease development and progression. (+info)Inflammation and the pathophysiology of work-related musculoskeletal disorders. (7/58)
Work-related musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) have accounted for a significant proportion of work injuries and workers' compensation claims in industrialized nations since the late 1980s. Despite epidemiological evidence for the role of repetition and force in the onset and progression of work-related MSDs, complete understanding of these important occupational health problems requires further elucidation of pathophysiological mechanisms of the tissue response, particularly in the early stage of these disorders. Results from several clinical and experimental studies indicate that tissue microtraumas occur as a consequence of performing repetitive and/or forceful tasks, and that this mechanical tissue injury leads to local and perhaps even systemic inflammation, followed by fibrotic and structural tissue changes. Here we review work linking inflammation and the development of work-related MSDs. We also propose a conceptual framework suggesting the potential roles that inflammation may play in these disorders, and how inflammation may contribute to pain, motor dysfunction, and to puzzling psychological symptoms that are often characteristic of patients with work-related MSDs. (+info)Stress, age, and immune function: toward a lifespan approach. (8/58)
Both aging processes and psychological stress affect the immune system: Each can dysregulate immune function with a potentially substantial impact on physical health. Worse, the effects of stress and age are interactive. Psychological stress can both mimic and exacerbate the effects of aging, with older adults often showing greater immunological impairment to stress than younger adults. In addition, stressful experiences very early in life can alter the responsiveness of the nervous system and immune system. We review the unique impact of aging and stress on immune function, followed by evidence of interactions between age and stress. Further, we suggest that prenatal or early life stress may increase the likelihood of maladaptive immune responses to stress in late life. An understanding of the interactive effects of stress and age is critical to efforts to determine underlying mechanisms, clarify the directionality of effects, and develop effective interventions in early and late life. (+info)Psychoneuroimmunology (PNI) is a multidisciplinary field that studies the complex interactions between psychological processes, the nervous system, and the immune system. It explores how emotional, cognitive, and behavioral factors can affect physiological responses and immunity, as well as how immune system changes can influence mood, pain, and behavior. The goal of PNI research is to better understand these interactions to develop more effective treatments for various medical and psychological conditions, including stress-related disorders, chronic pain, depression, anxiety, and autoimmune diseases.
Neuroimmunomodulation is a complex process that refers to the interaction and communication between the nervous system (including the brain, spinal cord, and nerves) and the immune system. This interaction can have modulatory effects on both systems, influencing their functions and responses.
In simpler terms, neuroimmunomodulation describes how the nervous system and the immune system can affect each other's activities, leading to changes in behavior, inflammation, and immune response. For example, stress or depression can influence the immune system's ability to fight off infections, while an overactive immune response can lead to neurological symptoms such as fatigue, confusion, or mood changes.
Neuroimmunomodulation plays a crucial role in maintaining homeostasis and health in the body, and its dysregulation has been implicated in various diseases, including autoimmune disorders, neurodegenerative diseases, and mental health conditions. Understanding this complex interplay is essential for developing effective treatments and therapies for these conditions.
Psychological stress is the response of an individual's mind and body to challenging or demanding situations. It can be defined as a state of emotional and physical tension resulting from adversity, demand, or change. This response can involve a variety of symptoms, including emotional, cognitive, behavioral, and physiological components.
Emotional responses may include feelings of anxiety, fear, anger, sadness, or frustration. Cognitive responses might involve difficulty concentrating, racing thoughts, or negative thinking patterns. Behaviorally, psychological stress can lead to changes in appetite, sleep patterns, social interactions, and substance use. Physiologically, the body's "fight-or-flight" response is activated, leading to increased heart rate, blood pressure, muscle tension, and other symptoms.
Psychological stress can be caused by a wide range of factors, including work or school demands, financial problems, relationship issues, traumatic events, chronic illness, and major life changes. It's important to note that what causes stress in one person may not cause stress in another, as individual perceptions and coping mechanisms play a significant role.
Chronic psychological stress can have negative effects on both mental and physical health, increasing the risk of conditions such as anxiety disorders, depression, heart disease, diabetes, and autoimmune diseases. Therefore, it's essential to identify sources of stress and develop effective coping strategies to manage and reduce its impact.
Behavioral medicine is a field of healthcare that focuses on the development and integration of behavioral and biomedical sciences in the promotion of health, prevention of illness, and treatment of disorders. It is an interdisciplinary approach that involves the collaboration of professionals from various fields, including psychology, psychiatry, medicine, nursing, social work, and public health.
Behavioral medicine recognizes that behavior plays a critical role in health outcomes and seeks to understand how behaviors such as diet, physical activity, sleep, stress management, and substance use can impact physical health. It also examines the psychological factors that can influence health, such as thoughts, emotions, and social support.
The goal of behavioral medicine is to develop interventions that target these modifiable risk factors to prevent or treat illness, improve quality of life, and reduce healthcare costs. These interventions may include individual counseling, group therapy, lifestyle modification programs, stress management techniques, and other evidence-based practices.
In summary, behavioral medicine is a medical specialty that focuses on the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of disorders that result from the interaction of biological, behavioral, and environmental factors. It aims to promote health and well-being by addressing modifiable risk factors through evidence-based interventions.
An encyclopedia is a comprehensive reference work containing articles on various topics, usually arranged in alphabetical order. In the context of medicine, a medical encyclopedia is a collection of articles that provide information about a wide range of medical topics, including diseases and conditions, treatments, tests, procedures, and anatomy and physiology. Medical encyclopedias may be published in print or electronic formats and are often used as a starting point for researching medical topics. They can provide reliable and accurate information on medical subjects, making them useful resources for healthcare professionals, students, and patients alike. Some well-known examples of medical encyclopedias include the Merck Manual and the Stedman's Medical Dictionary.
I'm sorry for any confusion, but "Interdisciplinary Studies" is not a medical term. It is a term used in education and research to describe the approach that involves two or more academic disciplines in order to broaden understanding, improve problem-solving, and enhance innovation. This approach is used in various fields including social sciences, humanities, natural sciences, and engineering.
In a medical context, interdisciplinary studies might refer to a collaborative approach to patient care that involves healthcare professionals from different disciplines (such as doctors, nurses, pharmacists, social workers, etc.) working together to provide comprehensive and coordinated care for patients with complex medical conditions. This type of collaboration can lead to improved patient outcomes, increased patient satisfaction, and more efficient use of healthcare resources.
Mental processes, also referred to as cognitive processes, are the ways in which our minds perceive, process, and understand information from the world around us. These processes include:
1. Attention: The ability to focus on specific stimuli while ignoring others.
2. Perception: The way in which we interpret and organize sensory information.
3. Memory: The storage and retrieval of information.
4. Learning: The process of acquiring new knowledge or skills.
5. Language: The ability to understand, produce and communicate using words and symbols.
6. Thinking: The process of processing information, reasoning, problem-solving, and decision making.
7. Intelligence: The capacity to understand, learn, and adapt to new situations.
8. Emotion: The ability to experience and respond to different feelings.
9. Consciousness: The state of being aware of and able to think and perceive one's surroundings, thoughts, and feelings.
These mental processes are interconnected and influence each other in complex ways. They allow us to interact with our environment, make decisions, and communicate with others. Disorders in these mental processes can lead to various neurological and psychiatric conditions.
Psychoneuroimmunology
Keith W. Kelley
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Bodymind
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Immuno-psychiatry
Staci Bilbo
Medical Hypotheses
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Janice Kiecolt-Glaser
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Social support
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Psychogenic pain
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Psychoneuroimmunology - Wikipedia
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Cousins Center for Psychoneuroimmunology1
- He earned a master's degree in epidemiology from the London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, and earned his doctorate (PhD) from the Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, before training as a postdoctoral fellow at the Cousins Center for Psychoneuroimmunology at UCLA. (uclahealth.org)
Field of psychoneuroimmunology3
- The field of psychoneuroimmunology (PNI) is now providing key mechanistic evidence about the ways in which stressors - and the negative emotions that they generate - can be translated into physiological changes. (nature.com)
- Kiecolt-Glaser are amongst the giants in the field of psychoneuroimmunology. (positivehealth.com)
- The field of psychoneuroimmunology (PNI) has grown substantially in both relevance and prominence over the past 40 years. (bvsalud.org)
Stress1
- Segerstrom, Suzanne C. / Resources, stress, and immunity : An ecological perspective on human psychoneuroimmunology . (uky.edu)
Immune system3
- Psychoneuroimmunology is the science that focuses on the interaction between psychology, the immune system and neurology. (utwente.nl)
- It is the second leading cause of death among women and demand the realization of actions with varying degrees of complexity.It is believed that among the various factors that induce the formation of breast cancer, severe changes in the psychoneuroimmunology system may also influence the immune system to the malformation of the developing cell generating a neoplasia. (cienciasecognicao.org)
- Karen's nagging infection, after acting submissive, was no accident: Laudenslager and Kennedy, writing in Psychoneuroimmunology , show that submissive behavior can compromise the immune system, increasing chances of infection. (psychologytoday.com)
Behavioural1
- The module is a broad introduction to biological psychology: evolutionary psychology, basic genetics, behavioural genetics, neuropsychology, endocrinology and psychoneuroimmunology, as well as critical perspectives on these fields. (lu.se)
Findings1
- In the text, the latest findings are transformed from the mind/body science of psychoneuroimmunology into practical deep-feeling techniques for busting dysfunction, mobilizing the healing system, quickening recovery and breaking out of ruts. (integrativehealthcare.org)
Research2
- Recommendations for future research are setting up longitudinal study designs and work out theoretic models of psychoneuroimmunology. (utwente.nl)
- I would suggest that he take a long and careful look at current research in psychoneuroimmunology, which has proved beyond all question that the primary sources of both morbidity and mortality for all diseases and injuries in our society, across the board, are hostility and loneliness, both of which are created primarily by language. (reason.com)
Human2
- Psychoneuroimmunology (PNI), also referred to as psychoendoneuroimmunology (PENI) or psychoneuroendocrinoimmunology (PNEI), is the study of the interaction between psychological processes and the nervous and immune systems of the human body. (wikipedia.org)
- Biondi M, Kotzalidis G. Human psychoneuroimmunology today. (cdc.gov)
Medicine1
- Psychoneuroimmunology and psychosomatic medicine: back to the future. (positivehealth.com)
Current1
- In addition, an overlap of the most common limitations of the included studies is discovered, what can be helpful for future researchers to expand our current knowledge of psychoneuroimmunology in children. (utwente.nl)
Science1
- The science of psychoneuroimmunology (PNI) investigates the mind/body link. (integrativehealthcare.org)
Term1
- Dr. Steven Cole explains the term "social genomics" and how it differs from psychoneuroimmunology. (bvsalud.org)
Critical1
- Psychoneuroimmunology and immunopsychiatry are quickly approaching a critical point where the clinical translatability of their evidence base will be tested. (bvsalud.org)
Role of Psychoneuroimmunology1
- 5. The role of psychoneuroimmunology in personalized and systems medicine. (nih.gov)
Ader1
- Psychoneuroimmunology, then, is the study of the interactions among Behavior, neural and endocrine function, and immune system processes (Ader 1981a). (iresearchnet.com)
Epigenetics2
- Relevant expertise may include, but is not limited to behavioral and psychosomatic medicine, epigenetics, psychoneuroimmunology, and/or developmental psychiatry. (nih.gov)
- The Group's studies span and integrate affective and cognitive neuroscience, clinical psychology and psychiatry, computer science and related computational disciplines, contemplative and religious studies, neuro- and micro-phenomenology, human neuroimaging, and psychoneuroimmunology including epigenetics and stress physiology. (nih.gov)
Interdisciplinary field2
- This innovative interdisciplinary field of medical research is called Psychoneuroimmunology (PNI) (more accurately is PNEI, or PsychoNeuroEndoImmunology). (yinrising.com)
- Dr. Carrico is a clinical-health psychologist with expertise in the interdisciplinary field of psychoneuroimmunology, which examines the bi-directional connections between the central nervous system and immune system. (nih.gov)
Immunity1
- This paper develops hypotheses regarding the interactions among stress, immunity, and chemical sensitivities and gives an overview of the questions and hypotheses generated by a working group exploring the application of psychoneuroimmunology to chemical sensitivities. (nih.gov)
Immune System1
- Psychoneuroimmunology is the science that focuses on the interaction between psychology, the immune system and neurology. (utwente.nl)
Methods1
- 2. Translational bioinformatics in psychoneuroimmunology: methods and applications. (nih.gov)
Stress1
- Dr. George Slavich is an expert in stress assessment, social genomics and psychoneuroimmunology. (nih.gov)
Responses1
- The basic premise underlying psychoneuroimmunology is that adaptive responses reflect the operation of a single, integrated network of defenses. (iresearchnet.com)
Longitudinal1
- Recommendations for future research are setting up longitudinal study designs and work out theoretic models of psychoneuroimmunology. (utwente.nl)
Doctoral1
- Pre- and post-doctoral (up to three years post-degree) students, medical students, and resident physicians who are conducting active research in an aspect of psychoneuroimmunology. (pnirs.org)
Research5
- Psychoneuroimmunology (PNI) is an area of interdisciplinary research exploring the complex interactions within the immuno-neuro-endocrine system in response to psychosocial influences. (nih.gov)
- Sample Psychoneuroimmunology Research Paper. (iresearchnet.com)
- But fascinating research in the field of psychoneuroimmunology has revealed another, far more likely possibility. (audible.com)
- Research on Sleep & alertness, Epidemiology and Psychoneuroimmunology. (su.se)
- Both journals are the official journals of the Psychoneuroimmunology Research Society (PNIRS). (nih.gov)
Field1
- However, the emerging field of psychoneuroimmunology tells us what many healers have known for years-our emotions deeply affect our physical health. (elephantjournal.com)
Human2
- Psychoneuroimmunology (PNI), also referred to as psychoendoneuroimmunology (PENI) or psychoneuroendocrinoimmunology (PNEI), is the study of the interaction between psychological processes and the nervous and immune systems of the human body. (wikipedia.org)
- Biondi M, Kotzalidis G. Human psychoneuroimmunology today. (cdc.gov)