Psychomotor Performance: The coordination of a sensory or ideational (cognitive) process and a motor activity.Flicker Fusion: The point or frequency at which all flicker of an intermittent light stimulus disappears.Nitrazepam: A benzodiazepine derivative used as an anticonvulsant and hypnotic.Word Association Tests: Lists of words to which individuals are asked to respond ascertaining the conceptual meaning held by the individual.Anti-Anxiety Agents: Agents that alleviate ANXIETY, tension, and ANXIETY DISORDERS, promote sedation, and have a calming effect without affecting clarity of consciousness or neurologic conditions. ADRENERGIC BETA-ANTAGONISTS are commonly used in the symptomatic treatment of anxiety but are not included here.Psychomotor Disorders: Abnormalities of motor function that are associated with organic and non-organic cognitive disorders.Azabicyclo Compounds: Bicyclic bridged compounds that contain a nitrogen which has three bonds. The nomenclature indicates the number of atoms in each path around the rings, such as [2.2.2] for three equal length paths. Some members are TROPANES and BETA LACTAMS.Hypnotics and Sedatives: Drugs used to induce drowsiness or sleep or to reduce psychological excitement or anxiety.Lorazepam: A benzodiazepine used as an anti-anxiety agent with few side effects. It also has hypnotic, anticonvulsant, and considerable sedative properties and has been proposed as a preanesthetic agent.Clorazepate Dipotassium: A water-soluble benzodiazepine derivative effective in the treatment of anxiety. It has also muscle relaxant and anticonvulsant actions.Reaction Time: The time from the onset of a stimulus until a response is observed.Triazolam: A short-acting benzodiazepine used in the treatment of insomnia. Some countries temporarily withdrew triazolam from the market because of concerns about adverse reactions, mostly psychological, associated with higher dose ranges. Its use at lower doses with appropriate care and labeling has been reaffirmed by the FDA and most other countries.Laboratories, Dental: Facilities for the performance of services related to dental treatment but not done directly in the patient's mouth.Automobile Driving: The effect of environmental or physiological factors on the driver and driving ability. Included are driving fatigue, and the effect of drugs, disease, and physical disabilities on driving.Penbutolol: A nonselective beta-blocker used as an antihypertensive and an antianginal agent.Amitriptyline: Tricyclic antidepressant with anticholinergic and sedative properties. It appears to prevent the re-uptake of norepinephrine and serotonin at nerve terminals, thus potentiating the action of these neurotransmitters. Amitriptyline also appears to antagonize cholinergic and alpha-1 adrenergic responses to bioactive amines.Histamine H1 Antagonists: Drugs that selectively bind to but do not activate histamine H1 receptors, thereby blocking the actions of endogenous histamine. Included here are the classical antihistaminics that antagonize or prevent the action of histamine mainly in immediate hypersensitivity. They act in the bronchi, capillaries, and some other smooth muscles, and are used to prevent or allay motion sickness, seasonal rhinitis, and allergic dermatitis and to induce somnolence. The effects of blocking central nervous system H1 receptors are not as well understood.Double-Blind Method: A method of studying a drug or procedure in which both the subjects and investigators are kept unaware of who is actually getting which specific treatment.Motor Skills: Performance of complex motor acts.Sleep: A readily reversible suspension of sensorimotor interaction with the environment, usually associated with recumbency and immobility.Cross-Over Studies: Studies comparing two or more treatments or interventions in which the subjects or patients, upon completion of the course of one treatment, are switched to another. In the case of two treatments, A and B, half the subjects are randomly allocated to receive these in the order A, B and half to receive them in the order B, A. A criticism of this design is that effects of the first treatment may carry over into the period when the second is given. (Last, A Dictionary of Epidemiology, 2d ed)Diazepam: A benzodiazepine with anticonvulsant, anxiolytic, sedative, muscle relaxant, and amnesic properties and a long duration of action. Its actions are mediated by enhancement of GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID activity.Psychological Tests: Standardized tests designed to measure abilities, as in intelligence, aptitude, and achievement tests, or to evaluate personality traits.Arousal: Cortical vigilance or readiness of tone, presumed to be in response to sensory stimulation via the reticular activating system.Cognition: Intellectual or mental process whereby an organism obtains knowledge.Memory: Complex mental function having four distinct phases: (1) memorizing or learning, (2) retention, (3) recall, and (4) recognition. Clinically, it is usually subdivided into immediate, recent, and remote memory.Benzodiazepines: A group of two-ring heterocyclic compounds consisting of a benzene ring fused to a diazepine ring.Ethanol: A clear, colorless liquid rapidly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract and distributed throughout the body. It has bactericidal activity and is used often as a topical disinfectant. It is widely used as a solvent and preservative in pharmaceutical preparations as well as serving as the primary ingredient in ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES.Placebos: Any dummy medication or treatment. Although placebos originally were medicinal preparations having no specific pharmacological activity against a targeted condition, the concept has been extended to include treatments or procedures, especially those administered to control groups in clinical trials in order to provide baseline measurements for the experimental protocol.Affect: The feeling-tone accompaniment of an idea or mental representation. It is the most direct psychic derivative of instinct and the psychic representative of the various bodily changes by means of which instincts manifest themselves.Attention: Focusing on certain aspects of current experience to the exclusion of others. It is the act of heeding or taking notice or concentrating.Neuropsychological Tests: Tests designed to assess neurological function associated with certain behaviors. They are used in diagnosing brain dysfunction or damage and central nervous system disorders or injury.Analysis of Variance: A statistical technique that isolates and assesses the contributions of categorical independent variables to variation in the mean of a continuous dependent variable.Drug Interactions: The action of a drug that may affect the activity, metabolism, or toxicity of another drug.Time Factors: Elements of limited time intervals, contributing to particular results or situations.Task Performance and Analysis: The detailed examination of observable activity or behavior associated with the execution or completion of a required function or unit of work.Athletic Performance: Carrying out of specific physical routines or procedures by one who is trained or skilled in physical activity. Performance is influenced by a combination of physiological, psychological, and socio-cultural factors.Reproducibility of Results: The statistical reproducibility of measurements (often in a clinical context), including the testing of instrumentation or techniques to obtain reproducible results. The concept includes reproducibility of physiological measurements, which may be used to develop rules to assess probability or prognosis, or response to a stimulus; reproducibility of occurrence of a condition; and reproducibility of experimental results.Sensitivity and Specificity: Binary classification measures to assess test results. Sensitivity or recall rate is the proportion of true positives. Specificity is the probability of correctly determining the absence of a condition. (From Last, Dictionary of Epidemiology, 2d ed)Algorithms: A procedure consisting of a sequence of algebraic formulas and/or logical steps to calculate or determine a given task.Employee Performance Appraisal: The assessment of the functioning of an employee in relation to work.Animal Feed: Foodstuff used especially for domestic and laboratory animals, or livestock.Cognition Disorders: Disturbances in mental processes related to learning, thinking, reasoning, and judgment.Learning: Relatively permanent change in behavior that is the result of past experience or practice. The concept includes the acquisition of knowledge.Random Allocation: A process involving chance used in therapeutic trials or other research endeavor for allocating experimental subjects, human or animal, between treatment and control groups, or among treatment groups. It may also apply to experiments on inanimate objects.Educational Measurement: The assessing of academic or educational achievement. It includes all aspects of testing and test construction.Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena: Nutritional physiology of animals.Memory, Short-Term: Remembrance of information for a few seconds to hours.Weight Gain: Increase in BODY WEIGHT over existing weight.Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid: Liquid chromatographic techniques which feature high inlet pressures, high sensitivity, and high speed.Computer Simulation: Computer-based representation of physical systems and phenomena such as chemical processes.Equipment Design: Methods of creating machines and devices.ROC Curve: A graphic means for assessing the ability of a screening test to discriminate between healthy and diseased persons; may also be used in other studies, e.g., distinguishing stimuli responses as to a faint stimuli or nonstimuli.Weaning: Permanent deprivation of breast milk and commencement of nourishment with other food. (From Stedman, 25th ed)Swine: Any of various animals that constitute the family Suidae and comprise stout-bodied, short-legged omnivorous mammals with thick skin, usually covered with coarse bristles, a rather long mobile snout, and small tail. Included are the genera Babyrousa, Phacochoerus (wart hogs), and Sus, the latter containing the domestic pig (see SUS SCROFA).Animal Husbandry: The science of breeding, feeding and care of domestic animals; includes housing and nutrition.Magnetic Resonance Imaging: Non-invasive method of demonstrating internal anatomy based on the principle that atomic nuclei in a strong magnetic field absorb pulses of radiofrequency energy and emit them as radiowaves which can be reconstructed into computerized images. The concept includes proton spin tomographic techniques.Clinical Competence: The capability to perform acceptably those duties directly related to patient care.Aging: The gradual irreversible changes in structure and function of an organism that occur as a result of the passage of time.Photic Stimulation: Investigative technique commonly used during ELECTROENCEPHALOGRAPHY in which a series of bright light flashes or visual patterns are used to elicit brain activity.Discrimination (Psychology): Differential response to different stimuli.Predictive Value of Tests: In screening and diagnostic tests, the probability that a person with a positive test is a true positive (i.e., has the disease), is referred to as the predictive value of a positive test; whereas, the predictive value of a negative test is the probability that the person with a negative test does not have the disease. Predictive value is related to the sensitivity and specificity of the test.Models, Statistical: Statistical formulations or analyses which, when applied to data and found to fit the data, are then used to verify the assumptions and parameters used in the analysis. Examples of statistical models are the linear model, binomial model, polynomial model, two-parameter model, etc.Quality Control: A system for verifying and maintaining a desired level of quality in a product or process by careful planning, use of proper equipment, continued inspection, and corrective action as required. (Random House Unabridged Dictionary, 2d ed)Quality Indicators, Health Care: Norms, criteria, standards, and other direct qualitative and quantitative measures used in determining the quality of health care.Cattle: Domesticated bovine animals of the genus Bos, usually kept on a farm or ranch and used for the production of meat or dairy products or for heavy labor.Memory Disorders: Disturbances in registering an impression, in the retention of an acquired impression, or in the recall of an impression. Memory impairments are associated with DEMENTIA; CRANIOCEREBRAL TRAUMA; ENCEPHALITIS; ALCOHOLISM (see also ALCOHOL AMNESTIC DISORDER); SCHIZOPHRENIA; and other conditions.Visual Perception: The selecting and organizing of visual stimuli based on the individual's past experience.Achievement: Success in bringing an effort to the desired end; the degree or level of success attained in some specified area (esp. scholastic) or in general.Karnofsky Performance Status: A performance measure for rating the ability of a person to perform usual activities, evaluating a patient's progress after a therapeutic procedure, and determining a patient's suitability for therapy. It is used most commonly in the prognosis of cancer therapy, usually after chemotherapy and customarily administered before and after therapy. It was named for Dr. David A. Karnofsky, an American specialist in cancer chemotherapy.Physical Endurance: The time span between the beginning of physical activity by an individual and the termination because of exhaustion.Reagent Kits, Diagnostic: Commercially prepared reagent sets, with accessory devices, containing all of the major components and literature necessary to perform one or more designated diagnostic tests or procedures. They may be for laboratory or personal use.
Signal-, set- and movement-related activity in the human brain: an event-related fMRI study. (1/9774)
Electrophysiological studies on monkeys have been able to distinguish sensory and motor signals close in time by pseudorandomly delaying the cue that instructs the movement from the stimulus that triggers the movement. We have used a similar experimental design in functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), scanning subjects while they performed a visuomotor conditional task with instructed delays. One of four shapes was presented briefly. Two shapes instructed the subjects to flex the index finger; the other two shapes coded the flexion of the middle finger. The subjects were told to perform the movement after a tone. We have exploited a novel use of event-related fMRI. By systematically varying the interval between the visual and acoustic stimuli, it has been possible to estimate the significance of the evoked haemodynamic response (EHR) to each of the stimuli, despite their temporal proximity in relation to the time constant of the EHR. Furthermore, by varying the phase between events and image acquisition, we have been able to achieve high temporal resolution while scanning the whole brain. We dissociated sensory and motor components of the sensorimotor transformations elicited by the task, and assessed sustained activity during the instructed delays. In calcarine and occipitotemporal cortex, the responses were exclusively associated with the visual instruction cues. In temporal auditory cortex and in primary motor cortex, they were exclusively associated with the auditory trigger stimulus. In ventral prefrontal cortex there were movement-related responses preceded by preparatory activity and by signal-related activity. Finally, responses associated with the instruction cue and with sustained activity during the delay period were observed in the dorsal premotor cortex and in the dorsal posterior parietal cortex. Where the association between a visual cue and the appropriate movement is arbitrary, the underlying visuomotor transformations are not achieved exclusively through frontoparietal interactions. Rather, these processes seem to rely on the ventral visual stream, the ventral prefrontal cortex and the anterior part of the dorsal premotor cortex. (+info)Cerebellar Purkinje cell simple spike discharge encodes movement velocity in primates during visuomotor arm tracking. (2/9774)
Pathophysiological, lesion, and electrophysiological studies suggest that the cerebellar cortex is important for controlling the direction and speed of movement. The relationship of cerebellar Purkinje cell discharge to the control of arm movement parameters, however, remains unclear. The goal of this study was to examine how movement direction and speed and their interaction-velocity-modulate Purkinje cell simple spike discharge in an arm movement task in which direction and speed were independently controlled. The simple spike discharge of 154 Purkinje cells was recorded in two monkeys during the performance of two visuomotor tasks that required the animals to track targets that moved in one of eight directions and at one of four speeds. Single-parameter regression analyses revealed that a large proportion of cells had discharge modulation related to movement direction and speed. Most cells with significant directional tuning, however, were modulated at one speed, and most cells with speed-related discharge were modulated along one direction; this suggested that the patterns of simple spike discharge were not adequately described by single-parameter models. Therefore, a regression surface was fitted to the data, which showed that the discharge could be tuned to specific direction-speed combinations (preferred velocities). The overall variability in simple spike discharge was well described by the surface model, and the velocities corresponding to maximal and minimal discharge rates were distributed uniformly throughout the workspace. Simple spike discharge therefore appears to integrate information about both the direction and speed of arm movements, thereby encoding movement velocity. (+info)Complete compensation in skilled reaching success with associated impairments in limb synergies, after dorsal column lesion in the rat. (3/9774)
Each of the dorsal columns of the rat spinal cord conveys primary sensory information, by way of the medullary dorsal column nucleus, to the ventrobasal thalamus on the contralateral side; thus the dorsal columns are an important source of neural input to the sensorimotor cortex. Damage to the dorsal columns causes impairments in synergistic proximal or whole-body movements in cats and distal limb impairments in primates, particularly in multiarticulated finger movements and tactile foviation while handling objects, but the behavioral effects of afferent fiber lesions in the dorsal columns of rodents have not been described. Female Long-Evans rats were trained to reach with a forelimb for food pellets and subsequently received lesions of the dorsomedial spinal cord at the C2 level, ipsilateral to their preferred limb. Reaching success completely recovered within a few days of dorsal column lesion. Nevertheless, a detailed analysis of high-speed video recordings revealed that rotatory limb movements (aiming, pronation, supination, etc.) were irreversibly impaired. Compensation was achieved with whole-body and alternate limb movements. These results indicate the following: (1) in the absence of the dorsal columns, other sensorimotor pathways support endpoint success in reaching; (2) sensory input conveyed by the dorsal columns is important for both proximal and distal limb movements used for skilled reaching; and (3) detailed behavioral analyses in addition to endpoint measures are necessary to completely describe the effects of dorsal column lesions. (+info)Behavioral, toxic, and neurochemical effects of sydnocarb, a novel psychomotor stimulant: comparisons with methamphetamine. (4/9774)
Sydnocarb (3-(beta-phenylisopropyl)-N-phenylcarbamoylsydnonimine) is a psychostimulant in clinical practice in Russia as a primary and adjunct therapy for a host of psychiatric disorders, including schizophrenia and depression. It has been described as a stimulant with an addiction liability and toxicity less than that of amphetamines. The present study undertook to evaluate the psychomotor stimulant effects of sydnocarb in comparison to those of methamphetamine. Sydnocarb increased locomotor activity of mice with reduced potency (approximately 10-fold) and efficacy compared with methamphetamine. Sydnocarb blocked the locomotor depressant effects of haloperidol at doses that were inactive when given alone. The locomotor stimulant effects of both methamphetamine and sydnocarb were dose-dependently blocked by the dopamine D1 and D2 antagonists SCH 39166 and spiperone, respectively; blockade generally occurred at doses of the antagonists that did not depress locomotor activity when given alone. In mice trained to discriminate methamphetamine from saline, sydnocarb fully substituted for methamphetamine with a 9-fold lower potency. When substituted for methamphetamine under self-administration experiments in rats, 10-fold higher concentrations of sydnocarb maintained responding by its i.v. presentation. Sydnocarb engendered stereotypy in high doses with approximately a 2-fold lower potency than methamphetamine. However, sydnocarb was much less efficacious than methamphetamine in inducing stereotyped behavior. Both sydnocarb and methamphetamine increased dialysate levels of dopamine in mouse striatum; however, the potency and efficacy of sydnocarb was less than methamphetamine. The convulsive effects of cocaine were significantly enhanced by the coadministration of nontoxic doses of methamphetamine but not of sydnocarb. Taken together, the present findings indicate that sydnocarb has psychomotor stimulant effects that are shared by methamphetamine while demonstrating a reduced behavioral toxicity. (+info)Evidence for an eye-centered spherical representation of the visuomotor map. (5/9774)
During visually guided movement, visual coordinates of target location must be transformed into coordinates appropriate for movement. To investigate the representation of this visuomotor coordinate transformation, we examined changes in pointing behavior induced by a local visuomotor remapping. The visual feedback of finger position was limited to one location within the workspace, at which a discrepancy was introduced between the actual and visually perceived finger position. This remapping induced a change in pointing that extended over the entire workspace and was best captured by a spherical coordinate system centered near the eyes. (+info)Visuomotor processing as reflected in the directional discharge of premotor and primary motor cortex neurons. (6/9774)
Premotor and primary motor cortical neuronal firing was studied in two monkeys during an instructed delay, pursuit tracking task. The task included a premovement "cue period," during which the target was presented at the periphery of the workspace and moved to the center of the workspace along one of eight directions at one of four constant speeds. The "track period" consisted of a visually guided, error-constrained arm movement during which the animal tracked the target as it moved from the central start box along a line to the opposite periphery of the workspace. Behaviorally, the animals tracked the required directions and speeds with highly constrained trajectories. The eye movements consisted of saccades to the target at the onset of the cue period, followed by smooth pursuit intermingled with saccades throughout the cue and track periods. Initially, an analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to test for direction and period effects in the firing. Subsequently, a linear regression analysis was used to fit the average firing from the cue and track periods to a cosine model. Directional tuning as determined by a significant fit to the cosine model was a prominent feature of the discharge during both the cue and track periods. However, the directional tuning of the firing of a single cell was not always constant across the cue and track periods. Approximately one-half of the neurons had differences in their preferred directions (PDs) of >45 degrees between cue and track periods. The PD in the cue or track period was not dependent on the target speed. A second linear regression analysis based on calculation of the preferred direction in 20-ms bins (i.e., the PD trajectory) was used to examine on a finer time scale the temporal evolution of this change in directional tuning. The PD trajectories in the cue period were not straight but instead rotated over the workspace to align with the track period PD. Both clockwise and counterclockwise rotations occurred. The PD trajectories were relatively straight during most of the track period. The rotation and eventual convergence of the PD trajectories in the cue period to the preferred direction of the track period may reflect the transformation of visual information into motor commands. The widely dispersed PD trajectories in the cue period would allow targets to be detected over a wide spatial aperture. The convergence of the PD trajectories occurring at the cue-track transition may serve as a "Go" signal to move that was not explicitly supplied by the paradigm. Furthermore, the rotation and convergence of the PD trajectories may provide a mechanism for nonstandard mapping. Standard mapping refers to a sensorimotor transformation in which the stimulus is the object of the reach. Nonstandard mapping is the mapping of an arbitrary stimulus into an arbitrary movement. The shifts in the PD may allow relevant visual information from any direction to be transformed into an appropriate movement direction, providing a neural substrate for nonstandard stimulus-response mappings. (+info)Visual control of locomotion in Parkinson's disease. (7/9774)
The effect of placing parallel lines on the walking surface on parkinsonian gait was evaluated. To identify the kind of visual cues (static or dynamic) required for the control of locomotion, we tested two visual conditions: normal lighting and stroboscopic illumination (three flashes/s), the latter acting to suppress dynamic visual cues completely. Sixteen subjects with idiopathic Parkinson's disease (nine males, seven females; mean age 68.8 years) and the same number of age-matched controls (seven males; nine females, mean age 67.5 years) were studied. During the baseline phase, Parkinson's disease patients walked with a short-stepped, slow velocity pattern. The double limb support duration was increased and the step cadence was reduced relative to normal. Under normal lighting, visual cues from the lines on the walking surface induced a significant improvement in gait velocity and stride length in Parkinson's disease patients. With stroboscopic illumination and without lines, both groups reduced their stride length and velocity but the changes were significant only in the Parkinson's disease group, indicating greater dependence on dynamic visual information. When stroboscopic light was used with stripes on the floor, the improvement in gait due to the stripes was suppressed in parkinsonian patients. These results demonstrate that the perceived motion of stripes, induced by the patient's walking, is essential to improve the gait parameters and thus favour the hypothesis of a specific visual-motor pathway which is particularly responsive to rapidly moving targets. Previous studies have proposed a cerebellar circuit, allowing the visual stimuli to by-pass the damaged basal ganglia. (+info)Common 3 and 10 Hz oscillations modulate human eye and finger movements while they simultaneously track a visual target. (8/9774)
1. A 10 Hz range centrally originating oscillation has been found to modulate slow finger movements and anticipatory smooth eye movements. To determine if an interaction or linkage occurs between these two central oscillations during combined visuo-manual tracking, frequency and coherence analysis were performed on finger and eye movements while they simultaneously tracked a visual target moving in intermittently visible sinusoidal patterns. 2. Two different frequencies of common or linked oscillation were found. The first, at 2-3 Hz, was dependent on visual feedback of target and finger tracking positions. The second, at around 10 Hz, still occurred when both target and finger positions were largely obscured, indicating that this common oscillation was generated internally by the motor system independent of visual feedback. Both 3 and 10 Hz oscillation frequencies were also shared by the right and left fingers if subjects used these together to track a visual target. 3. The linking of the 10 Hz range oscillations between the eyes and finger was task specific; it never occurred when eye and finger movements were made simultaneously and independently, but only when they moved simultaneously and followed the target together. However, although specific for tracking by the eyes and fingers together, the linking behaviour did not appear to be a prerequisite for such tracking, since significant coherence in the 10 Hz range was only present in a proportion of trials where these combined movements were made. 4. The experiments show that common oscillations may modulate anatomically very distinct structures, indicating that single central oscillations may have a widespread distribution in the central nervous system. The task-specific manifestation of the common oscillation in the eye and finger suggests that such mechanisms may have a functional role in hand-eye co-ordination. (+info)Impairment of psychomotor performanceCognitive and Psychomotor PerformanceTasksAssessmentBehaviorSleepinessVigilance task performanceQuestionnairesSkillsAffectiveDeteriorationMeasuresImpairmentsAssessAcuteHumansDeficitsEvaluateSubjectsDescriptorReaction timeImprovesPsychopharmacologyEffects of caffeineAffect an individual'sSignificantlyTestMusculoskeletalNeurologicalImplicationsAttentionDecrementsInterventionExamMetabolismMemoryDexterityAccuracyObjectivePhysical educationEnduranceCorrelationsObjectivesOptimalTestsLessonExaminationDevelopmentPractice2017FatigueCriteriaImprovementGeneticPlacebo
- Also, impairment of psychomotor performance and higher scores of ADHD were detected among dyslexic group than control group. (who.int)
- Pingali U, Pilli R, Fatima N. Effect of standardized aqueous extract of Withania somnifera on tests of cognitive and psychomotor performance in healthy human participants. (naturalmedicinejournal.com)
- This study was specifically carried out to evaluate the effects of Withania somnifera on cognitive and psychomotor performance in healthy human participants. (naturalmedicinejournal.com)
- Tyrosine supplementation improves cognitive and psychomotor performance in cold conditions. (greenmedinfo.com)
- Psychomotor tasks which have been tested include tapping speed, handwriting and free-hand writing and free handdrawing, simple and complex reaction time, pursuit rotor and tracking tasks and continuous performance tests. (druglibrary.org)
- 1972). Performance of simple or familiar tasks (i.e. simple reaction time) during intoxication is minimally effected. (druglibrary.org)
- Performance decrements are further enhanced when verbal tasks are performed during delayed auditory feedback (Kiplinger et al. (druglibrary.org)
- Seventy-eight participants performed memory and psychomotor tasks the morning after a regular night of drinking and the morning after a night of no alcohol consumption. (ulster.ac.uk)
- The primary purpose of this study was to examine, using meta-analytical measures, whether research into the performance of whole-body, psychomotor tasks following moderate and heavy exercise demonstrates an inverted-U effect. (northumbria.ac.uk)
- The validity of psychomotor vigilance tasks of less than 10-minute duration. (wikipedia.org)
- Eskimos excel on psychomotor tasks performed under low-temperature stress. (britannica.com)
- Two of these networks (the default mode network, DMN, and the task positive network, TPN) have been implicated in the performance of a number of cognitive tasks. (springer.com)
- Functional connectivity within and between the DMN and TPN was related to performance on these tasks. (springer.com)
- The results of our reliability analysis, which are based on our cohort of participants with hemiparesis after stroke and our specific paradigm, may not be generalizable to different subpopulations of people with hemiparesis after stroke or to the myriad movement tasks and kinematic variables used for the assessment of reaching performance in people after stroke. (biomedsearch.com)
- Rather than each of us actually changing a tire (psychomotor assessment) for our summative exam (which would have been a direct assessment of the objective), Mr. Brady revised the assessment where we explained how to change a tire on a written test (cognitive assessment of the psychomotor objective). (thefreelibrary.com)
- While indirect assessment may jeopardize curriculum alignment, Mr. Brady realized that indirectly assessing the psychomotor objective trumped no assessment. (thefreelibrary.com)
- Finally, by observing us throughout the instructional process using Assessment FOR Learning-type practices (Stiggins, 2004), he was providing formative feedback throughout instruction while documenting our performance. (thefreelibrary.com)
- Even if we didn't have our psychomotor test on actually changing the tire, he had documentation (formative assessment data) on what every student knew, could do and valued. (thefreelibrary.com)
- Assessment was measured through psychomotor performance testing, including the following 6 tests. (naturalmedicinejournal.com)
- Patients underwent an assessment performed with School Performance Test, Syntactic Awareness Test and a Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test. (clinicaltrials.gov)
- Method: Nineteen patients aged between 7 and 12 years underwent clinical neurological evaluation, psychological assessment, through Weschsler Scales of Intelligence and language evaluation, to assess the academic performance and research of the presence or absence of praxis difficulties. (clinicaltrials.gov)
- IMSEAR at SEARO: Assessment of cognitive functions, psychomotor performance and attention deficit hyperactivity disorders among students with dyslexia. (who.int)
- Although the assessment of sexual differences in perceptual and reactive abilities is complicated by a number of factors (including age and personality), girls and women tend to be more proficient than boys and men in such psychomotor skills as finger dexterity and inverted-alphabet printing. (britannica.com)
- It is essential therefore for health professionals in their routine evaluations of HF patients to become familiar with assessment of cognitive performance using standardized screening instruments. (hindawi.com)
- Furthermore, the TNFα G308A polymorphism may have predictive potential in a biomarker panel for the assessment of resilience to psychomotor vigilance performance impairment due to sleep deprivation. (cdc.gov)
- There are psychomotor and technical skills such as undertaking a patient physical assessment, performing a wound dressing, or changing an intravenous infusion that a nurse must learn to ensure safe care. (healio.com)
- Assessment of the interaction of hyperbaric N2, CO2, and O2 on psychomotor performance in divers. (duke.edu)
- Behavior performance was not affected by the combination of toluene and MEK. (cdc.gov)
- It is the goal of the DMS Program to prepare competent entry-level general sonographers in the cognitive (knowledge), psychomotor (skills), and affective (behavior) learning domains. (nwtc.edu)
- The present study assessed physiological alertness/sleepiness, memory, and psychomotor performance following the administration of placebo, ethanol, and caffeine+ethanol combinations. (nature.com)
- The Multiple Sleep Latency Test (MSLT), psychomotor performance battery, memory test, and mood/sleepiness questionnaires were administered following each condition. (nature.com)
- In conclusion, Low-dose caffeine prevented the sleepiness and performance impairment associated with a moderate dose of ethanol. (nature.com)
- The effects of caffeine on sleepiness and performance have also been widely studied. (nature.com)
- There was significant correspondence between drivers' self-ratings, psychomotor performance, and daytime sleepiness fatigue measures. (waikato.ac.nz)
- In 45 young men carrying five different allele combinations, we investigated the effects of prolonged waking and 2 × 200 mg caffeine or 2 × 100 mg modafinil on psychomotor vigilance, sleepiness, and the waking and sleep EEG. (cdc.gov)
- Toluene caused a small but significant impairment in visual/vigilance task performance. (cdc.gov)
- Likewise, a wide array of methodologies and analytical strategies are employed to achieve the scientific objectives, from qualitative research approaches such as observations and interviews to quantitative questionnaires and task performance metrics, and field studies are used as well as controlled experiments and simulations. (liu.se)
- Trainers who teach psychomotor skills such as firearms, handcuffing, electronic control weapons, baton, defensive tactics, driving, or report writing must have written quantifiable criteria to explain how the learner did or did not successfully pass the instruction. (ipicd.com)
- Psychomotor performance skills are often mentioned during Instructor Development courses, but seldom taught. (ipicd.com)
- Through the use of lecture, PowerPoint, and video this hands-on program will teach how to write quantifiable and court-defensible psychomotor skill performance objectives (regardless of the psychomotor skill), and how to evaluate those skills. (ipicd.com)
- Psychomotor skills are skills in which the processes involved are primarily muscular or are described in glandular or in muscular terms. (angelfire.com)
- Does acute exercise affect the performance of whole-body, psychomotor skills in an inverted-U fashion? (northumbria.ac.uk)
- Student-directed video validation of psychomotor skills performance: A strategy to facilitate deliberate practice, peer review, and team skill sets. (usfca.edu)
- Psychomotor skills acquisition in novice learners: A case for contextual learning. (usfca.edu)
- A cross-sectional design was utilized in which 12 graduating residents and 10 PTs entering the residency program completed a live-patient practical examination to assess the knowledge, clinical reasoning, and psychomotor skills related to the examination and evaluation of musculoskeletal conditions. (frontiersin.org)
- However, no studies have applied tDCS to psychomotor skills related to a standard driving test so far. (frontiersin.org)
- No significant improvements in skills related to driving performance like visual perception, stress tolerance, concentration, and vigilance could be shown after left anodal prefrontal tDCS. (frontiersin.org)
- Demonstrate critical thinking skills during the performance of sonographic procedures to provide optimal diagnostic services. (nwtc.edu)
- CONCLUSIONS: EVA has been successfully used in the training setup showing potential of endoscopic video analysis to assess laparoscopic psychomotor skills. (upm.es)
- Successful completion of the EMR cognitive (knowledge) examination and a state approved psychomotor (skills) examination. (nremt.org)
- Strategies to mitigate errors related to environmental, physical, and emotional distractions are based in the recognition that improving nontechnical skills such as situation awareness (SA), teamwork, and communication can have a positive effect on performance and can mitigate errors ( Flin, O'Connor, & Crichton, 2008 ). (healio.com)
- For example, evidence supports that workers who do shift work while using prescription opioid and benzodiazepines can perform worse in skills involving psychomotor functioning. (cdc.gov)
- But if you'll give us 20 minutes (plus reflection time), we believe you'll gain a greater appreciation of assessing and documenting GTE students' performances in the cognitive, psychomotor and affective domains. (thefreelibrary.com)
- Conclusions: The addition of a stressor results in a significant deterioration in memory and psychomotor performance when persons are in the compromised hangover condition. (ulster.ac.uk)
- The data indicate that breast feeding has an advantage over artificial feeding for infants' development during the first year of life and support the hypothesis for deterioration of bovine casomorphin elimination as a risk factor for delay in psychomotor development and other diseases such as autism. (nih.gov)
- Conclusion: Association between dyslexia and ADHD are accompanied with more deterioration in some cognitive functions and psychomotor performance. (who.int)
- Dyslexia leaded to more deterioration in cognitive functions, psychomotor performance and ADHD. (who.int)
- Chmura J, Nazar K. Parallel changes in the onset of blood lactate accumulation (OBLA) and threshold of psychomotor performance deterioration during incremental exercise after training in athletes. (edu.pl)
- The 300-mg caffeine dose restored performance and memory measures to placebo levels. (nature.com)
- There was no effect on the finger tapping test (FTT), which measures general information on motor system performance. (naturalmedicinejournal.com)
- Measures of memory and psychomotor performance are reported. (ulster.ac.uk)
- Sample psychomotor skill performance measures will be provided in addition to the ones developed during the program. (ipicd.com)
- The psychomotor vigilance task (PVT) is a sustained-attention, reaction-timed task that measures the speed with which subjects respond to a visual stimulus. (wikipedia.org)
- DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: Depending on the demands of the motor task and the analytical method, most kinematic outcome measures (such as peak hand velocity, endpoint error, reach extent, maximum shoulder flexion range of motion, and minimum elbow extension range of motion) are reliable measures of motor performance in people after stroke. (biomedsearch.com)
- Due to the lack of anticholinergic , cardiovascular , cognitive and psychomotor impairments moclobemide is advantageous in the elderly as well as those with cardiovascular disease. (wikipedia.org)
- actions on specific brain receptors cause dose-related impairments of psychomotor performance with implications for car and train driving, airplane piloting and academic performance. (theprovince.com)
- Assess performance Observe performance and computerized performance rating. (angelfire.com)
- The primary goal of the study is to assess the residual effects of heavy drinking on academic performance. (clinicaltrials.gov)
- The purpose of this study was assess school performance and to investigate problems of praxis in patients with rolandic epilepsy as compared to a control group composed of normal children with age, gender and educational level equivalents. (clinicaltrials.gov)
- Ten motion-based metrics were used to assess their performance. (upm.es)
- Objectives: To assess the neurological and psychomotor development of children with Isolated Robin Sequence (IRS), submitted to the treatment of airway obstruction according to the protocol of the Hospital de Reabilitação de Anomalias Craniofaciais, Universidade de São Paulo (HRAC/USP), with nasopharyngeal intubation (NPI) or postural treatment. (usp.br)
- Effects of acute exposure of toluene and methyl ethyl ketone on psychomotor performance. (cdc.gov)
- The difference between this result and those found in meta-analyses examining the effects of acute exercise on cognition shows that, when perception and action are combined, the complexity of the interaction induces different effects to when cognition is detached from motor performance. (northumbria.ac.uk)
- It aids crewmembers to objectively identify when their performance capability is degraded by various fatigue-related conditions that can occur as a result of ISS operations and time in space (e.g., acute and chronic sleep restriction, slam shifts, extravehicular activity (EVA), and residual sedation from sleep medications). (wikipedia.org)
- Brisswalter J, Collardeau M, Rene A. Effects of acute physical exercise characteristics on cognitive performance. (edu.pl)
- The human factors research focus within the COIN group aims to 1) produce knowledge about how humans and systems perform in complex environments, and 2) to apply this knowledge to enhance the safety, performance, and usability of new and existing sociotechnical systems. (liu.se)
- Psychomotor performance deficits and their relation to prior nights' sleep among individuals with primary insomnia. (ox.ac.uk)
- Cognitive decline in HF is characterized by deficits in one or more cognition domains, including attention, memory, executive function, and psychomotor speed. (hindawi.com)
- significantly affect the accuracy with which we evaluate other's performance. (coursera.org)
- Naive subjects commonly demonstrate greater decrement in performance than experienced users but report less subjective effect (Weil et al. (druglibrary.org)
- 1971). Also marked individual differences in performance are noted between similar subjects. (druglibrary.org)
- Psychomotor testing was conducted in 4-hour sessions three times a day, every other day, alternating with two control subjects. (dtic.mil)
- Objective: This study aimed to investigate the effects of a stressor, white noise, on cognitive performance of subjects in the compromised hangover state. (ulster.ac.uk)
- The TNFα G308A polymorphism predicted less than 10% of the overall between-subjects variance in performance impairment during sleep deprivation. (cdc.gov)
- To directly examine the stable relationship between network connectivity and behavioral performance, high temporal resolution functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data were collected during the resting state, and behavioral data were collected from 15 subjects on different days, exploring verbal working memory, spatial working memory, and fluid intelligence. (springer.com)
- Psychomotor Performance" is a descriptor in the National Library of Medicine's controlled vocabulary thesaurus, MeSH (Medical Subject Headings) . (harvard.edu)
- Performance tests in pattern discrimination, choice reaction time, and visual/vigilance were administered before, during, and after exposure. (cdc.gov)
- Ethanol significantly affected the visual/vigilance and choice reaction time performances. (cdc.gov)
- After 14 days of treatment with Withania somnifera , outcomes showed significantly improved reaction time in 5 of the 6 psychomotor performance tests, with no sedative effects, when compared to placebo and to baseline testing. (naturalmedicinejournal.com)
- At both these occasions, the psychomotor performance (assessed as multiple choice reaction time) and number of correct responses to audio-visual stimuli was assessed at rest and immediately after cessation of maximal intensity exercise. (edu.pl)
- found that meditation acutely improves psychomotor vigilance, and may decrease sleep need. (wikipedia.org)
- Retrieved from http://www.nasa.gov/mission_pages/station/research/experiments/Reaction_Self_Test.html Meditation acutely improves psychomotor vigilance, and may decrease sleep need. (wikipedia.org)
- C. Heather Ashton, emerita professor of clinical psychopharmacology, at Britain's University of Newcastle-upon-Tyne, reviewed the scientific knowledge "of mechanisms of action, effects on psychomotor and cognitive performance, and health risks associated with cannabis consumption. (theprovince.com)
- Polymorphisms of ADORA2A modulate psychomotor vigilance and the effects of caffeine on neurobehavioural performance and sleep EEG after sleep depri. (cdc.gov)
- These errors are related to the impact of environmental, physical, and emotional distractions on our working memory and can negatively affect an individual's performance. (healio.com)
- Amount of rest and sleep, shift length, and number of driving days per week were all significantly related to psychomotor performance. (waikato.ac.nz)
- It was concluded that a daily half-hour psychomotor test of space crews is probably not sufficiently stable to meet biomedical monitoring requirements. (dtic.mil)
- A psychomotor test also indicated a very high level of fatigue in the sample. (waikato.ac.nz)
- The Psychomotor Vigilance Self Test on the International Space Station (Reaction Self Test) provides the crewmembers with feedback on neurobehavioral changes in vigilant attention, state stability, and impulsivity. (wikipedia.org)
- Objective and subjective effects on human performance of clovoxamine and mianserin were measured in 12 student volunteers who participated in 12 test sessions and received single doses of clovoxamine 50 mg, 100 mg and 150 mg, mianserin 20 mg, and placebo in a double-blind and cross-over manner. (meta.org)
- The morning after dosing, participants' academic performance is measured using a standardized achievement test (Graduate Record Exam) and a quiz on material presented in the video lecture the prior afternoon before dosing. (clinicaltrials.gov)
- Participants' cognition is also tested using the Neurobehavioral Evaluation System (NES3) and the Psychomotor Vigilance Test (PVT). (clinicaltrials.gov)
- This design is intended to test the hypothesis that intoxication (0.10 g% BAC) with alcoholic beverage impairs next-day academic performance. (clinicaltrials.gov)
- Performance on a psychomotor vigilance test (PVT) was measured every 2-3h. (cdc.gov)
- The purpose of this study was to describe the influence of a post-graduate orthopedic manual therapy residency program in Kenya on the development of physical therapists' (PTs) knowledge and clinical reasoning related to the performance of a musculoskeletal examination and evaluation as compared to an experience-matched control group of PTs waiting to enter the program. (frontiersin.org)
- Neurological soft signs and cognitive performance in early childhood. (harvard.edu)
- In this module, you will learn about the central approaches for measuring and evaluating performance and behaviors and understand the implications of different evaluation systems for employees. (coursera.org)
- Practice makes perfect: High performance gains in older adults engaged in selective attention within and across sensory modalities. (harvard.edu)
- Aim: The present study presented as a comparison of the cognitive functions, psychomotor performance and attention deficit hyperactivity disorders between dyslexic and control students. (who.int)
- Prolonged wakefulness impairs sustained vigilant attention, measured with the psychomotor vigilance task (PVT), and induces a compensatory increase in sleep intensity in recovery sleep, quantified by slow-wave activity (SWA) in the sleep electroencephalogram (EEG). (cdc.gov)
- HF adversely affects various aspects of cognitive functioning, including attention, learning ability and delay recall, working memory, executive function, and psychomotor speed [ 9 - 11 ]. (hindawi.com)
- Sustained attention performance was also evaluated in a task interleaved between resting state scans. (springer.com)
- Impaired attention, memory, and psychomotor performance while intoxicated. (healthyplace.com)
- In addition, ethanol-related decrements in alertness and performance can carry over into the following day even after moderate doses and in the absence of hangover effects ( Roehrs et al, 1994b ). (nature.com)
- This research presents a new aggression regulation intervention for individuals with eating disorders (ED). The intervention, developed in psychomotor therapy (PMT), contributes to the need to treat anger and aggression problems in patients with ED, particularly excessive anger internalization. (rgoc.nl)
- The next morning they are awakened and are escorted to the exam room for the performance trial, which includes a quiz on the lecture and reading material, a GRE examination, the NES3 battery and the PVT. (clinicaltrials.gov)
- Some states integrate the EMR psychomotor exam into the EMR course. (nremt.org)
- Candidates should contact their State EMS Office or course instructor for guidance on their local psychomotor exam requirements. (nremt.org)
- Optimizing Physical Performance During Fasting and Dietary Restriction examines the effects of sustained fasting and food restrictions on metabolism and physical performance in athletes. (crcpress.com)
- Ethanol also impaired psychomotor performance and memory. (nature.com)
- No major psychomotor changes were observed, except on the short-term memory task, which appeared to reflect motivational factors. (dtic.mil)
- Working memory performance is thought to depend on both striatal dopamine 2/3 receptors (D2/3Rs) and task-induced functional organisation in key cortical brain networks. (bioportfolio.com)
- Psychomotor ability such as manual dexterity, finger dexterity. (coursera.org)
- The results of this study indicate that addition of low-intensity aerobic training to regular dance practice increases aerobic capacity of ballerinas with no loss of speed and accuracy of their psychomotor reaction. (edu.pl)
- Finally, you will gain awareness of the stereotypes that can affect the accuracy of performance evaluations. (coursera.org)
- So while Mr. Brady was not directly assessing the psychomotor objective, he was indirectly assessing our knowledge of the psychomotor process. (thefreelibrary.com)
- Mianserin and alcohol impaired objective performance in most tests, and their combination showed at least an additive effect. (meta.org)
- Spanning applications in exercise science, sports performance, physical education, sports coaching, athletic training, and physical activity and health, the book also includes chapters on the key principles underlying good measurement practice-validity, reliability, and objectivity-as well as an introduction to using statistics and qualitative measurement. (routledge.com)
- 240 PD-patients were included in the study and randomly allocated to three treatment arms, group A cognitive training, group B cognitive training and transfer training and group C cognitive training, transfer training and psychomotor and endurance training. (hindawi.com)
- Statistical indices of psychomotor ability (e.g., means, variances, and correlations) not only differ among individuals but may also serve to distinguish from each other groups of persons classified by such traits as age, sex, personality, and intelligence. (britannica.com)
- Objectives: This study proposed that Mu (8-13 Hz) and SMR (12-15 Hz) readings in the sensorimotor cortical area can be used to investigate the cognitive mechanisms underlying optimal motor performance. (uni-bielefeld.de)
- b) Higher SMR power in Cz was ob- served for successful performances relative to unsuccessful performances at T2 (−1000 ∼ 0 ms). Conclusions: These findings not only support the multi-action plan model (MAP) and the psychomotor efficiency hypothesis, but also reveal the temporal dynamics of the cognitive mechanisms in an optimal-controlled state. (uni-bielefeld.de)
- Strength coaches can utilize the findings of this study help shape their leadership behaviors and develop a task-involving motivational climate that emphasizes effort, improvement, and cooperative learning and is optimal for athlete development and performance. (unt.edu)
- The investigators' primary hypothesis is that intoxication (0.10g% blood alcohol concentration [BAC]) with an alcoholic beverage impairs next-day academic performance, as measured by scores on quizzes, standardized academic achievement tests, and standardized neurobehavioral assessments. (clinicaltrials.gov)
- They return the next week for the second dosing night/dosing morning, and receive either alcohol or placebo, depending on what was administered the previous week, and take different but comparable performance tests. (clinicaltrials.gov)
- Our data will indicate the group performance in tests of writing, arithmetic and reading. (clinicaltrials.gov)
- Standardized computerized psychomotor tests according to the German guidelines for road and traffic safety were administered at baseline. (frontiersin.org)
- NOTE: You will be asked to bring a psychomotor skill lesson plan with you. (ipicd.com)
- Passed portions of each examination (cognitive and psychomotor) remain valid for 24 months. (nremt.org)
- The highest basal irHCM was observed in breast-fed infants with normal psychomotor development and muscle tone. (nih.gov)
- In contrast, elevated basal irBCM was found in formula-fed infants showing delay in psychomotor development and heightened muscle tone. (nih.gov)
- The goal of the present research programme was to find out how common driver fatigue is among New Zealand truck drivers and the degree to which they suffer from fatigue-related effects on their driving performance. (waikato.ac.nz)
- Overall, 24% of the sample failed the psychomotor performance criteria. (waikato.ac.nz)
- In addition, HF severity has been linked to increased risk of CI [ 13 ], while effective treatment of HF, use of ACE inhibitors, and physical activity lead to improvement in cognitive performance [ 14 ] which imply that CI may fluctuate in severity and can also be modified to some degree. (hindawi.com)
- Common genetic variation of ADORA2A is an important determinant of psychomotor vigilance in rested and sleep-deprived state. (cdc.gov)
- Genetic variation of ADORA2A determines inter-individual difference in psychomotor vigilance during prolonged wakefulness. (cdc.gov)
- We are using a placebo-controlled 2-period crossover design to compare the effects of dosing status on academic performance, with participants serving as their own controls. (clinicaltrials.gov)