Assessment of psychological variables by the application of mathematical procedures.
The statistical reproducibility of measurements (often in a clinical context), including the testing of instrumentation or techniques to obtain reproducible results. The concept includes reproducibility of physiological measurements, which may be used to develop rules to assess probability or prognosis, or response to a stimulus; reproducibility of occurrence of a condition; and reproducibility of experimental results.
A set of statistical methods for analyzing the correlations among several variables in order to estimate the number of fundamental dimensions that underlie the observed data and to describe and measure those dimensions. It is used frequently in the development of scoring systems for rating scales and questionnaires.
Predetermined sets of questions used to collect data - clinical data, social status, occupational group, etc. The term is often applied to a self-completed survey instrument.

The role of psychological and biological factors in postinfective gut dysfunction. (1/6813)

BACKGROUND: Both psychological and physiological disturbances have been implicated in the aetiopathogenesis of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). AIMS: To investigate how the psychological factors act, and the involvement of infective and physiological factors. METHODS: Consecutive patients hospitalised for gastroenteritis reported life events for the previous 12 months, and past illness experiences on standardised questionnaires. They also completed psychometric questionnaires for anxiety, neuroticism, somatisation, and hypochondriasis. In some patients, rectal biopsy specimens were obtained during the acute illness and at three months postinfection. RESULTS: Ninety four patients completed all questionnaires: 22 patients were diagnosed with IBS after their gastroenteritis (IBS+), and 72 patients returned to normal bowel habits (IBS-). IBS+ patients reported more life events and had higher hypochondriasis scores than IBS- patients. The predictive value of the life event and hypochondriasis measures was highly significant and independent of anxiety, neuroticism, and somatisation scores, which were also elevated in IBS+ patients. Rectal biopsy specimens from 29 patients showed a chronic inflammatory response in both IBS+ and IBS- patients. Three months later, specimens from IBS+ patients continued to show increased chronic inflammatory cell counts but those from IBS- patients had returned to normal levels. IBS+ and IBS- patients exhibited rectal hypersensitivity and hyper-reactivity and rapid colonic transit compared with normal controls, but there were no significant differences between IBS+ and IBS- patients for these physiological measurements. CONCLUSION: Psychological factors most clearly predict the development of IBS symptoms after gastroenteritis but biological mechanisms also contribute towards the expression of symptoms.  (+info)

Development of the physical therapy outpatient satisfaction survey (PTOPS). (2/6813)

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The purposes of this 3-phase study were (1) to identify the underlying components of outpatient satisfaction in physical therapy and (2) to develop a test that would yield reliable and valid measurements of these components. SUBJECTS: Three samples, consisting of 177, 257, and 173 outpatients from 21 facilities, were used in phases 1, 2, and 3, respectively. METHODS AND RESULTS: In phase 1, principal component analyses (PCAs), reliability checks, and correlations with social desirability scales were used to reduce a pool of 98 items to 32 items. These analyses identified a 5-component model of outpatient satisfaction in physical therapy. The phase 2 PCA, with a revised pool of 48 items, indicated that 4 components rather than 5 components represented the best model and resulted in the 34-item Physical Therapy Outpatient Satisfaction Survey (PTOPS). Factor analyses conducted with phase 2 and phase 3 data supported this conclusion and provided evidence for the internal validity of the PTOPS scores. The 4-component scales were labeled "Enhancers," "Detractors," "Location," and "Cost." Responses from subsamples of phase 3 subjects provided evidence for validity of scores in that the PTOPS components of "Enhancers," "Detractors," and "Cost" appeared to differentiate overtly satisfied patients from overtly dissatisfied patients. "Location" and "Enhancer" scores discriminated subjects with excellent attendance at scheduled physical therapy sessions from those with poor attendance. CONCLUSION AND DISCUSSION: In this study, we identified components of outpatient satisfaction in physical therapy and used them to develop a test that would yield valid and reliable measurements of these components.  (+info)

The psychometric properties of clinical rating scales used in multiple sclerosis. (3/6813)

OullII;l y Many clinical rating scales have been proposed to assess the impact of multiple sclerosis on patients, but only few have been evaluated formally for reliability, validity and responsiveness. We assessed the psychometric properties of five commonly used scales in multiple sclerosis, the Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS), the Scripps Neurological Rating Scale (SNRS), the Functional Independence Measure (FIM), the Ambulation Index (AI) and the Cambridge Multiple Sclerosis Basic Score (CAMBS). The score frequency distributions of all five scales were either bimodal (EDSS and AI) or severely skewed (SNRS, FIM and CAMBS). The reliability of each scale depended on the definition of 'agreement'. Inter-and intra-rater reliabilities were high when 'agreement' was considered to exist despite a difference of up to 1.0 EDSS point (two 0.5 steps), 13 SNRS points, 9 FIM points, 1 AI point and 1 point on the various CAMBS domains. The FIM, AI, and the relapse and progression domains of the CAMBS were sensitive to clinical change, but the EDSS and the SNRS were unresponsive. The validity of these scales as impairment (SNRS and EDSS) and disability (EDSS, FIM, AI and the disability domain of the CAMBS) measures was established. All scales correlated closely with other measures of handicap and quality of life. None of these scales satisfied the psychometric requirements of outcome measures completely, but each had some desirable properties. The SNRS and the EDSS were reliable and valid measures of impairment and disability, but they were unresponsive. The FIM was a reliable, valid and responsive measure of disability, but it is cumbersome to administer and has a limited content validity. The AI was a reliable and valid ambulation-related disability scale, but it was weakly responsive. The CAMBS was a reliable (all four domains) and responsive (relapse and progression domains) outcome measure, but had a limited validity (handicap domain). These psychometric properties should be considered when designing further clinical trials in multiple sclerosis.  (+info)

Impairment in preattentive visual processing in patients with Parkinson's disease. (4/6813)

We explored the possibility of whether preattentive visual processing is impaired in Parkinson's disease. With this aim, visual discrimination thresholds for orientation texture stimuli were determined in two separate measurement sessions in 16 patients with idiopathic Parkinson's disease. The results were compared with those of 16 control subjects age-matched and 16 young healthy volunteers. Discrimination thresholds were measured in a four-alternative spatial forced-choice paradigm, in which subjects judged the location of a target embedded in a background of distractors. Four different stimulus configurations were employed: (i) a group of vertical targets among horizontal distractors ('vertical line targets'); (ii) targets with varying levels of orientation difference on a background of spatially filtered vertically oriented noise ('Gaussian filtered noise'); (iii) one 'L' among 43 '+' signs ('texton'), all of which assess preattentive visual processing; and (iv) control condition, of one 'L' among 43 'T' distractors ('non-texton' search target), which reflects attentive visual processing. In two of the preattentive tasks (filtered noise and texton), patients with Parkinson's disease required significantly greater orientation differences and longer stimulus durations, respectively. In contrast, their performance in the vertical line target and non-texton search target was comparable to that of the matched control subjects. These differences were more pronounced in the first compared with the second session. Duration of illness and age within the patient group correlated significantly with test performance. In all conditions tested, the young control subjects performed significantly better than the more elderly control group, further indicating an effect of age on this form of visual processing. The results suggest that, in addition to the well documented impairment in retinal processing, idiopathic Parkinson's disease is associated with a deficit in preattentive cortical visual processing.  (+info)

Validation of a specific quality of life questionnaire for functional digestive disorders. (5/6813)

BACKGROUND: Dyspepsia and irritable bowel syndrome are suitable conditions for assessment of quality of life. Their similarities justify the elaboration of a single specific questionnaire for the two conditions. AIMS: To examine the process leading to the validation of the psychometric properties of the functional digestive disorders quality of life questionnaire (FDDQL). METHODS: Initially, the questionnaire was given to 154 patients, to assess its acceptability and reproducibility, analyse its content, and reduce the number of items. Its responsiveness was tested during two therapeutic trials which included 428 patients. The questionnaire has been translated into French, English, and German. The psychometric validation study was conducted in France, United Kingdom, and Germany by 187 practitioners. A total of 401 patients with dyspepsia or irritable bowel syndrome, defined by the Rome criteria, filled in the FDDQL and generic SF-36 questionnaires. RESULTS: The structure of the FDDQL scales was checked by factorial analysis. Its reliability was expressed by a Cronbach's alpha coefficient of 0.94. Assessment of its discriminant validity showed that the more severe the functional digestive disorders, the more impaired the quality of life (p<0.05). Concurrent validity was supported by the correlation found between the FDDQL and SF-36 questionnaire scales. The final version of the questionnaire contains 43 items belonging to eight domains. CONCLUSIONS: The properties of the FDDQL questionnaire, available in French, English, and German, make it appropriate for use in clinical trials designed to evaluate its responsiveness to treatment among patients with dyspepsia and irritable bowel syndrome.  (+info)

Measuring therapist technique in psychodynamic psychotherapies. Development and use of a new scale. (6/6813)

Treatment manuals are becoming a requirement for conducting quality psychotherapy research. What the field lacks, however, are reliable, valid, and cost-efficient instruments that can be used to measure a wide variety of prescribed therapeutic techniques. This article describes the development and use of a new instrument, the Interpretive and Supportive Technique Scale (ISTS). It is designed to measure interpretive and supportive features of technique for a broad range of dynamically oriented psychotherapies. Data concerning the psychometric properties of the ISTS are presented from two studies. The findings suggest that the ISTS is a potentially useful tool for measuring interventions for different forms of dynamically oriented psychotherapy.  (+info)

Attentional ability among survivors of leukaemia. (7/6813)

Attentional ability in 19 survivors of acute lymphoblastic leukaemia and 19 sibling controls was assessed using a neuropsychological model of attention. Analysis revealed that children who had received treatment for leukaemia exhibited significantly poorer performance on measures of the "focus encode" and "focus execute" elements of attention and on measures of the ability to respond to external cues and feedback. No significant differences in performance were found for measures of sustained attention and the ability to shift attention. These results indicate that children who have received treatment for leukaemia may experience highly specific attentional deficits that could have an impact on academic performance, particularly mathematical and reading skills. It is suggested that this underlying attentional deficit might be the source of the neuropsychological sequelae associated with the disease. Future attempts at remediation should incorporate activities specifically designed to ameliorate focusing difficulties.  (+info)

Race in the "decade of the brain". (8/6813)

Despite NIMH efforts to facilitate the study of women and minorities in federally funded schizophrenia research, there is a significant lack of information about race differences in brain morphology and neuropsychological function in schizophrenia. A review of three major psychiatric journals between 1994 and 1996 revealed that only 14 (2.8%) of 502 schizophrenia articles reported the results of race analyses. Only 84 (16.7%) even reported the racial composition of the study sample. The study of race differences in schizophrenia, although fraught with methodological complexity and social/political tension, is necessary to prevent inappropriate generalization of research results across racial groups.  (+info)

Psychometrics is a branch of psychology that deals with the theory and technique of psychological measurement, such as the development and standardization of tests used to measure intelligence, aptitude, personality, attitudes, and other mental abilities or traits. It involves the construction and validation of measurement instruments, including the determination of their reliability and validity, and the application of statistical methods to analyze test data and interpret results. The ultimate goal of psychometrics is to provide accurate, objective, and meaningful measurements that can be used to understand individual differences and make informed decisions in educational, clinical, and organizational settings.

Reproducibility of results in a medical context refers to the ability to obtain consistent and comparable findings when a particular experiment or study is repeated, either by the same researcher or by different researchers, following the same experimental protocol. It is an essential principle in scientific research that helps to ensure the validity and reliability of research findings.

In medical research, reproducibility of results is crucial for establishing the effectiveness and safety of new treatments, interventions, or diagnostic tools. It involves conducting well-designed studies with adequate sample sizes, appropriate statistical analyses, and transparent reporting of methods and findings to allow other researchers to replicate the study and confirm or refute the results.

The lack of reproducibility in medical research has become a significant concern in recent years, as several high-profile studies have failed to produce consistent findings when replicated by other researchers. This has led to increased scrutiny of research practices and a call for greater transparency, rigor, and standardization in the conduct and reporting of medical research.

Factor analysis is a statistical technique used to identify patterns or structures in a dataset by explaining the correlations between variables. It is a method of simplifying complex data by reducing it to a smaller set of underlying factors that can explain most of the variation in the data. In other words, factor analysis is a way to uncover hidden relationships between multiple variables and group them into meaningful categories or factors.

In factor analysis, each variable is represented as a linear combination of underlying factors, where the factors are unobserved variables that cannot be directly measured but can only be inferred from the observed data. The goal is to identify these underlying factors and determine their relationships with the observed variables. This technique is commonly used in various fields such as psychology, social sciences, marketing, and biomedical research to explore complex datasets and gain insights into the underlying structure of the data.

There are two main types of factor analysis: exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). EFA is used when there is no prior knowledge about the underlying factors, and the goal is to discover the potential structure in the data. CFA, on the other hand, is used when there is a theoretical framework or hypothesis about the underlying factors, and the goal is to test whether the observed data support this framework or hypothesis.

In summary, factor analysis is a statistical method for reducing complex datasets into simpler components called factors, which can help researchers identify patterns, structures, and relationships in the data.

A questionnaire in the medical context is a standardized, systematic, and structured tool used to gather information from individuals regarding their symptoms, medical history, lifestyle, or other health-related factors. It typically consists of a series of written questions that can be either self-administered or administered by an interviewer. Questionnaires are widely used in various areas of healthcare, including clinical research, epidemiological studies, patient care, and health services evaluation to collect data that can inform diagnosis, treatment planning, and population health management. They provide a consistent and organized method for obtaining information from large groups or individual patients, helping to ensure accurate and comprehensive data collection while minimizing bias and variability in the information gathered.

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  • Chen's research is at the forefront of psychometrics, a field that is revolutionizing techniques used in psychological diagnosis, educational testing, behavior genetics, neuroscience and other social sciences. (unr.edu)
  • The framework encompasses both theoretical developments, such as formalized computational models, as well as statistical developments, such as network psychometrics: an emerging discipline related to structural equation modeling that allows the estimation of networks in psychological data. (universiteitleiden.nl)
  • Some people take a more clinical view of psychometrics, emphasizing the administration and application of psychological scales. (assignmentpoint.com)
  • The psychometrics field looks at the theory and technique of psychological measurement, which quantifies knowledge, abilities, attitudes, and personality traits, according to the American Psychological Association (APA). (assignmentpoint.com)
  • As defined by the US National Council on Measurement in Education (NCME), psychometrics refers to psychological measurement. (assignmentpoint.com)
  • Author by: Keith CoaleyLanguange: enPublisher by: SAGEFormat Available: PDF, ePub, MobiTotal Read: 46Total Download: 467File Size: 44,7 MbDescription: In An Introduction to Psychological Assessment and Psychometrics, Keith Coaley outlines the key ingredients of psychological assessment, providing case studies to illustrate their application, making it an ideal textbook for courses on psychometrics or psychological assessment. (netlify.app)
  • Psychometrics and its different applications within the psychological profession are addressed. (lu.se)
  • Learn more about Psychometrics by visiting the Psychometric Society website . (bpaquality.com)
  • Vitalize Behavioral Health & Psychometrics was established in 2020 during the COVID-19 Pandemic. (vitalizepsych.com)
  • Psychometrics generally refers to specialized fields within psychology and education devoted to testing, measurement, assessment, and related activities. (wikipedia.org)
  • Scantron's assessment development and psychometrics services are the backbone of the reliable credentialing and assessment programs we develop and deliver for our customers. (scantron.com)
  • Our decades of assessment and psychometrics expertise provide our customers with sound and legally defensible examination programs. (scantron.com)
  • If that's the case, what is usually done in psychometrics for educational assessment is to rely on Item Response Model , like the Rasch Model . (stackexchange.com)
  • While administering assessments online through Psychometrics.com is by far the most popular method for our clients, we understand that there are still some situations where a paper/pencil self-scorable assessment works best. (psychometrics.com)
  • Psychometrics coined from the Greek words for mental and measurement refers to the field in psychology devoted to testing, measurement, assessment, and related activities. (assignmentpoint.com)
  • Charles Darwin was the inspiration behind Sir Francis Galton, a scientist who advanced the development of psychometrics. (wikipedia.org)
  • December 2019 - Milford Haven School - Staff Talent Development Programme, in partnership with Oxford Psychometrics Ltd., receives funding from Pembrokeshire County Council's Enhancing Pembrokeshire Grant as part of the County Council's Regenerative Programme. (oxford-psychometrics.com)
  • Network psychometrics memiliki beberapa kelebihan dan hal yang perlu diperhatikan (Schmank, Goring, Kovacs, & Conway, 2019). (k-pin.org)
  • Network psychometrics memiliki kesamaan dengan EFA karena kedua teknik berfokus kepada eksplorasi covariance antara observasi serta membangun suatu struktur yang didasarkan atas covariance tersebut (Schmank, Goring, Kovacs, & Conway, 2019). (k-pin.org)
  • Kesuksesan model network psychometrics juga bergantung kepada korelasi atau covariance yang besar karena ketidakmampuan teknik analisis ini untuk mengestimasikan korelasi sebagian ( partial correlation ) yang secara statistikberbeda dari nol (Schmank, Goring, Kovacs, & Conway, 2019). (k-pin.org)
  • Psychometricians usually possess specific qualifications such as degrees or certifications, and most are psychologists with advanced graduate training in psychometrics and measurement theory. (wikipedia.org)
  • Psychometrics is a field of study within psychology concerned with the theory and technique of measurement. (wikipedia.org)
  • I term this position the 'scalable subject', arguing it has been shaped and made legible by algorithmic psychometrics - a broad set of affordances in digital platforms shaped by psychology and the behavioral sciences. (yorku.ca)
  • The field of psychometrics largely developed from the fields of psychology and statistics. (edtechbooks.org)
  • The new psychometrics : science, psychology, and measurement / Paul Kline. (who.int)
  • In addition, Spearman and Thurstone both made important contributions to the theory and application of factor analysis, a statistical method developed and used extensively in psychometrics. (wikipedia.org)
  • This book features an introduction on the statistical programming language R that guides readers on how to analyse network structures and their stability using R. While Network Psychometrics with R is written in the context of social and behavioral science, the methods introduced in this book are widely applicable to data sets from related fields of study. (routledge.com)
  • To reflect the growing use of statistical software in psychometrics, the authors introduce the use of Mplus after the first few chapters. (netlify.app)
  • buscar evidencias de validez de la versión brasileña de "Self-efficacy for home exercise programs scale" (escala de autoeficacia de programas de ejercicios en el hogar) para la población anciana. (bvsalud.org)
  • The WG wil review the measures of dependence on demiologicresearchbythene dfor psychometrics of each scale, smokeles tobac o products, since eficientas es ment(validandbrief). (who.int)
  • Much of the early theoretical and applied for work in psychometrics was undertaken in an attempt to measure intelligence. (wikipedia.org)
  • The ability to measure these variables accurately and reliably is the focus of the field of psychometrics. (edtechbooks.org)
  • As the field of psychometrics developed, tools like Item Response Theory (IRT) and Classical Test Theory (CTT) have increased our ability to measure latent variables. (edtechbooks.org)
  • With a known good system of measurement proven and established, psychometrics continues to be widely used today to measure personality domains. (achieveunite.com)
  • Psychometrics is concerned with the objective measurement of latent constructs that cannot be directly observed. (wikipedia.org)
  • Understanding the history of psychometrics helps us appreciate some of the difficulties in measuring these latent variables. (edtechbooks.org)
  • As previously mentioned, psychometrics studies the measurement of latent traits. (edtechbooks.org)
  • Kelebihannya, network psychometrics merupakan teknik estimasi eksploratori, layaknya latent variable modelling , yang dapat digu nakan untuk menguji asosiasi lintas butir item yang segera dapat disajikan dalam bentuk visual. (k-pin.org)
  • Objetivos: Analizar la relación entre la autorregulación del aprendizaje y el rendimiento académico en estudiantes de la carrera medicina de tres universidades en el año 2022. (bvsalud.org)
  • Understanding psychometrics is pivotal in achieving these goals. (bpaquality.com)
  • By understanding customers' motivations, you begin to understand how you can better meet their needs and appeal to prospects with similar psychometrics. (siliconvalleyrg.com)
  • Psychometrics was refined by notable scientists including Charles Spearman and Wilhelm Wundt, and such traits were developed into personality 'types' by personality psychologists such as Isabel Briggs-Myers, with an explosion of 'Big Five' personality types emerging in the 1980s. (achieveunite.com)
  • Network Psychometrics with R is ideal for instructors and students of undergraduate and graduate level courses and workshops in the field of network psychometrics as well as established researchers looking to master new methods. (routledge.com)
  • As a valid and reliable system of measurement, PQi® has employed psychometrics as the vehicle to assess partnering potential. (achieveunite.com)
  • A systematic, innovative introduction to the field of network analysis, Network Psychometrics with R: A Guide for Behavioral and Social Scientists provides a comprehensive overview of and guide to both the theoretical foundations of network psychometrics as well as modelling techniques developed from this perspective. (routledge.com)
  • Reliability: Psychometrics ensures consistent measurement of intended aspects, vital for assessing interactions between customers and agents. (bpaquality.com)
  • Network Psychometrics with R is a splendid book that fulfills this need admirably. (routledge.com)
  • This thorough introduction into all important details of network psychometrics, by a group of authors including many of the leading scientists in the field, fills an important lacuna in the literature. (routledge.com)
  • Join the Psychometrics Network! (psychometrics.com)
  • Dalam konteks psikologi, pendekatan network psychometrics dapat memberikan gambaran secara visual dari konstruk-konstruk psikologi sebagai variabel yang memiliki hubungan satu sama lain. (k-pin.org)
  • Area dari network psychometrics muncul sebagai respon dari keraguan dari hasil estimasi mengenai jumlah faktor yang seharusnya menjadi struktur dari suatu alat ukur psikologis (Golino & Epskamp, 2017). (k-pin.org)
  • Oxford Psychometrics partnered with Ysgol Dewi Sant , in Wales on their Talent Development and Mobilisation programme for staff. (oxford-psychometrics.com)
  • Oxford Psychometrics delivered mini workshops to young people seeking Career Confidence at the SPACE FESTIVAL in Nether Missenden Hall, Buckinghamshire, on the 24th of June. (oxford-psychometrics.com)
  • This shift happened largely as Louis Thurstone began applying psychometrics to education. (edtechbooks.org)
  • Replacing education with psychometrics: How learning about IQ almost-completely changed my mind about education. (blogspot.com)
  • We turn to market research for the answer, and, in a word, that answer is psychometrics . (siliconvalleyrg.com)
  • In this article, we'll delve into psychometrics and its benefits for contact center leaders. (bpaquality.com)
  • Psychometrics/ Testing & Me. (routledge.com)
  • Intelligence Testing and Psychometrics, 7.5 credits. (lu.se)
  • Galton often referred to as "the father of psychometrics," devised and included mental tests among his anthropometric measures. (wikipedia.org)
  • He wrote other tests for many years, allowing him opportunities to develop different methods used today in the field of psychometrics. (edtechbooks.org)
  • La calidad de su formación educativa también puede influir en su salud mental y bienestar subjetivo. (bvsalud.org)
  • Objetivo: describir su percepción de bienestar subjetivo y el impacto de la formación médica en su propia salud mental. (bvsalud.org)
  • Psychometrics brings a scientific and rigorous approach to data measurement and analysis . (bpaquality.com)
  • Psychometrics goes beyond data collection. (bpaquality.com)
  • Inspired by their work, Charles Spearman wrote the paper "'General Intelligence', Objectively Determined and Measured", which some view as the beginning of modern-day psychometrics. (edtechbooks.org)
  • Currently, the two renowned tools of psychometrics are generalized to classical test theory (CTT) and item response theory (IRT). (edtechbooks.org)
  • The roots of psychometrics can be traced back to the late 1700s, but most modern psychometric methods were developed in the ensuing 100 years. (edtechbooks.org)
  • Psychometrics, an often-overlooked tool, can significantly boost the quality of interactions and feedback. (bpaquality.com)
  • This is a very general description of psychometrics, but we emphasize the word quantitative in the previous sentence. (assignmentpoint.com)