5-HT modulation of dopamine release in basal ganglia in psilocybin-induced psychosis in man--a PET study with [11C]raclopride. (1/37)
The modulating effects of serotonin on dopamine neurotransmission are not well understood, particularly in acute psychotic states. Positron emission tomography was used to examine the effect of psilocybin on the in vivo binding of [11C]raclopride to D2-dopamine receptors in the striatum in healthy volunteers after placebo and a psychotomimetic dose of psilocybin (n = 7). Psilocybin is a potent indoleamine hallucinogen and a mixed 5-HT2A and 5-HT1A receptor agonist. Psilocybin administration (0.25 mg/kg p.o.) produced changes in mood, disturbances in thinking, illusions, elementary and complex visual hallucinations and impaired ego-functioning. Psilocybin significantly decreased [11C]raclopride receptor binding potential (BP) bilaterally in the caudate nucleus (19%) and putamen (20%) consistent with an increase in endogenous dopamine. Changes in [11C]raclopride BP in the ventral striatum correlated with depersonalization associated with euphoria. Together with previous reports of 5-HT receptor involvement in striatal dopamine release, it is concluded that stimulation of both 5-HT2A and 5-HT1A receptors may be important for the modulation of striatal dopamine release in acute psychoses. The present results indirectly support the hypothesis of a serotonin-dopamine dysbalance in schizophrenia and suggest that psilocybin is a valuable tool in the analysis of serotonin-dopamine interactions in acute psychotic states. (+info)Neurometabolic effects of psilocybin, 3,4-methylenedioxyethylamphetamine (MDE) and d-methamphetamine in healthy volunteers. A double-blind, placebo-controlled PET study with [18F]FDG. (2/37)
The neurometabolic effects of the hallucinogen psilocybin (PSI; 0.2 mg/kg), the entactogen 3,4-methylenedioxyethylamphetamine (MDE; 2 mg/kg) and the stimulant d-methamphetamine (METH; 0.2-0.4 mg/kg) and the drugs' interactions with a prefrontal activation task were investigated in a double-blind, placebo-controlled human [F-18]fluorodeoxyglucoseFDG-positron emission tomographicPET study (each group: n = 8). Subjects underwent two scans (control: word repetition; activation word association) within 2-4 weeks. Psilocybin increased rMRGlu in distinct right hemispheric frontotemporal cortical regions, particularly in the anterior cingulate and decreased rMRGlu in the thalamus. Both MDE and METH induced cortical hypometabolism and cerebellar hypermetabolism. In the MDE group, cortical hypometabolism was more pronounced in frontal regions, with the exception of the right anterior cingulate, which tended to be hyperactive. Cognitive activation-related increases in left frontocortical regions were attenuated under all three psychoactive substances, but less so under MDE. Taking into account performance data and subjective reports on task difficulty, these effects may result from different mechanisms across the three groups. Our PSI data are in line with studies on acute schizophrenic patients suggesting frontal overactivity at rest, but diminished capacity to activate prefrontal regions upon cognitive demand. The MDE data support the hypothesis that entactogens constitute a distinct psychoactive substance class, which takes an intermediate position between stimulants and hallucinogens. (+info)Synthetic studies of psilocin analogs having either a formyl group or bromine atom at the 5- or 7-position. (3/37)
Psilocin analogs having either a formyl group (9-12) or a bromine atom (13-18) at the 5- or 7-position have been prepared for the first time. Syntheses of 5- and 7-bromo derivatives of 4-hydroxy- (23, 24, 28) and 4-benzyloxyindole-3-carbaldehyde (19, 25, 29, 30), 4-benzyloxyindole-3-acetonitriles (20, 31), and 4-benzyloxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine (32, 34, 35) have also been established. (+info)Effects of the 5-HT2A agonist psilocybin on mismatch negativity generation and AX-continuous performance task: implications for the neuropharmacology of cognitive deficits in schizophrenia. (4/37)
Previously the NMDA (N-methyl-D-aspartate) receptor (NMDAR) antagonist ketamine was shown to disrupt generation of the auditory event-related potential (ERP) mismatch negativity (MMN) and the performance of an 'AX'-type continuous performance test (AX-CPT)--measures of auditory and visual context-dependent information processing--in a similar manner as observed in schizophrenia. This placebo-controlled study investigated effects of the 5-HT(2A) receptor agonist psilocybin on the same measures in 18 healthy volunteers. Psilocybin administration induced significant performance deficits in the AX-CPT, but failed to reduce MMN generation significantly. These results indirectly support evidence that deficient MMN generation in schizophrenia may be a relatively distinct manifestation of deficient NMDAR functioning. In contrast, secondary pharmacological effects shared by NMDAR antagonists and the 5-HT(2A) agonist (ie disruption of glutamatergic neurotransmission) may be the mechanism underlying impairments in AX-CPT performance observed during both psilocybin and ketamine administration. Comparable deficits in schizophrenia may result from independent dysfunctions of 5-HT(2A) and NMDAR-related neurotransmission. (+info)THE PRESERVATION OF BRADYKININ BY PHENOTHIAZINES IN VITRO. (5/37)
Chlorpromazine and phenoxybenzamine have been shown to potentiate the actions of bradykinin in vivo. To test whether this phenomenon could be due to inhibition of the enzymatic destruction of bradykinin, bradykinin was incubated with either tissue extracts or with carboxypeptidase B. Bradykinin was rapidly destroyed by acetonedried powders of brain and serum of various animals as well as by purified carboxypeptidase B. The rate of disappearance of bradykinin activity was decreased in the presence of phenothiazine derivatives, phenoxybenzamine and hydroxyzine, but not by compounds of a larger group including other psychotropic drugs, tranquillizers and ganglionic and adrenergic blocking agents. Spectrophotometric studies of the hydrolysis of hippuryl-L-arginine confirmed the presence of a carboxypeptidase B-like activity in brain. The substances that acted as inhibitors of bradykinin destruction were also enzyme inhibitors as measured by this technique. Previous incubation of carboxypeptidase B with phenothiazines and zinc ions greatly reduced the enzymatic inhibition by the phenothiazines, which indicated a possible chelating action by these inhibitors on the metalo-enzyme carboxypeptidase B. (+info)Modulating the rate and rhythmicity of perceptual rivalry alternations with the mixed 5-HT2A and 5-HT1A agonist psilocybin. (6/37)
Binocular rivalry occurs when different images are presented simultaneously to corresponding points within the left and right eyes. Under these conditions, the observer's perception will alternate between the two perceptual alternatives. Motivated by the reported link between the rate of perceptual alternations, symptoms of psychosis and an incidental observation that the rhythmicity of perceptual alternations during binocular rivalry was greatly increased 10 h after the consumption of LSD, this study aimed to investigate the pharmacology underlying binocular rivalry and to explore the connection between the timing of perceptual switching and psychosis. Psilocybin (4-phosphoryloxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine, PY) was chosen for the study because, like LSD, it is known to act as an agonist at serotonin (5-HT)1A and 5-HT2A receptors and to produce an altered state sometimes marked by psychosis-like symptoms. A total of 12 healthy human volunteers were tested under placebo, low-dose (115 microg/kg) and high-dose (250 microg/kg) PY conditions. In line with predictions, under both low- and high-dose conditions, the results show that at 90 min postadministration (the peak of drug action), rate and rhythmicity of perceptual alternations were significantly reduced from placebo levels. Following the 90 min testing period, the perceptual switch rate successively increased, with some individuals showing increases well beyond pretest levels at the final testing, 360 min postadministration. However, as some subjects had still not returned to pretest levels by this time, the mean phase duration at 360 min was not found to differ significantly from placebo. Reflecting the drug-induced changes in rivalry phase durations, subjects showed clear changes in psychological state as indexed by the 5D-ASC (altered states of consciousness) rating scales. This study suggests the involvement of serotonergic pathways in binocular rivalry and supports the previously proposed role of a brainstem oscillator in perceptual rivalry alternations and symptoms of psychosis. (+info)Psilocin identified in a DUID investigation. (7/37)
Psilocin was identified in a urine specimen collected during a routine driving under the influence of drugs investigation, the first for this laboratory. The subject did not exhibit any response to an automobile crash, indicating the he may have been unaware of the severity of the situation or his immediate surroundings. The urine specimen gave a positive result on a fluorescence polarization immunoassay amphetamine/methamphetamine assay, and psilocin was determined to have 1.3% cross-reactivity at 50 mg/L. Psilocin was confirmed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry following an extraction for acidic, neutral, and basic drugs. Hydrolysis and derivatization techniques were not employed. The urine concentration of psilocin decreased rapidly, although the specimen was maintained at 4 degrees C. (+info)The effects of the preferential 5-HT2A agonist psilocybin on prepulse inhibition of startle in healthy human volunteers depend on interstimulus interval. (8/37)
Schizophrenia patients exhibit impairments in prepulse inhibition (PPI) of the startle response. Hallucinogenic 5-HT(2A) receptor agonists are used for animal models of schizophrenia because they mimic some symptoms of schizophrenia in humans and induce PPI deficits in animals. Nevertheless, one report indicates that the 5-HT(2A) receptor agonist psilocybin increases PPI in healthy humans. Hence, we investigated these inconsistent results by assessing the dose-dependent effects of psilocybin on PPI in healthy humans. Sixteen subjects each received placebo or 115, 215, and 315 microg/kg of psilocybin at 4-week intervals in a randomized and counterbalanced order. PPI at 30-, 60-, 120-, 240-, and 2000-ms interstimulus intervals (ISIs) was measured 90 and 165 min after drug intake, coinciding with the peak and post-peak effects of psilocybin. The effects of psilocybin on psychopathological core dimensions and sustained attention were assessed by the Altered States of Consciousness Rating Scale (5D-ASC) and the Frankfurt Attention Inventory (FAIR). Psilocybin dose-dependently reduced PPI at short (30 ms), had no effect at medium (60 ms), and increased PPI at long (120-2000 ms) ISIs, without affecting startle reactivity or habituation. Psilocybin dose-dependently impaired sustained attention and increased all 5D-ASC scores with exception of Auditory Alterations. Moreover, psilocybin-induced impairments in sustained attention performance were positively correlated with reduced PPI at the 30 ms ISI and not with the concomitant increases in PPI observed at long ISIs. These results confirm the psilocybin-induced increase in PPI at long ISIs and reveal that psilocybin also produces a decrease in PPI at short ISIs that is correlated with impaired attention and consistent with deficient PPI in schizophrenia. (+info)Psilocybin is a naturally occurring psychedelic compound found in certain species of mushrooms, known for its ability to alter perception, thought, and mood by binding to and activating serotonin receptors in the brain.
Psilocybin is defined as a naturally occurring psychedelic compound found in certain species of mushrooms, also known as "magic mushrooms." It is classified as a tryptamine and is structurally similar to the neurotransmitter serotonin. When ingested, psilocybin is converted into psilocin, which acts as a serotonin receptor agonist in the brain, leading to altered consciousness, perception, and thought. Its effects can vary widely depending on the individual, the dose, and the setting in which it is taken.
Psilocybin
"Psilocybine". Hazardous Substances Data Bank. U.S. National Library of Medicine. Archived from the original on August 13, 2018 ... V. Psilocybine, a new psychotogenic drug". New England Journal of Medicine. 262 (6): 295-297. doi:10.1056/NEJM196002112620606. ... "Psilocybine - Compound Summary". PubChem. National Library of Medicine. Archived from the original on September 25, 2012. ... Merck Index, 11th Edition, 7942 "Psilocybine". PubChem, US National Library of Medicine. August 27, 2022. Retrieved August 29, ...
Roger Heim
Heim R, Hofmann A. (1958). Isolement de la Psilocybine à partir du Stropharia cubensis Earle et d'autres espèces de champignons ... Heim R, Hofmann A. (1958). Isolement de la psilocybine à partir du Stropharia cubensis Earler et d'autres espèces de ... Delay J, Pichot P, Lempérière T, Nicolas-Charles P, Heim R. (1958). Effets psycho-physiologiques de la Psilocybine. Comptes ... Hofmann A, Heim R, Brack A, Kobel H. (1958). La Psilocybine, Principe Actif Psychotrope Extrait Du Champignon Hallucinogène: ...
María Sabina
Verroust, Vincent (June 2019). "De la découverte des champignons à psilocybine à la renaissance psychédélique". ... à psilocybine à la renaissance psychédélique". Ethnopharmacologia, no. 61: 8-17. Zolov, Eric, (1999). Refried Elvis: The Rise ...
History of entheogenic drugs
ISBN 978-0-7658-0036-7. Verroust, Vincent (June 2019). "De la découverte des champignons à psilocybine à la renaissance ...
Recreational drug use
Hofmann A, Heim R, Tscherter H (1963). ""Phytochimie - présence de la psilocybine dans une espèce européenne d'agaric, le ...
Post-traumatic stress disorder
"Notice of final decision to amend (or not amend) the current Poisons Standard - June 2022 ACMS #38 - Psilocybine and MDMA". ...
Psilocybe semilanceata
Hofmann A, Heim R, Tscherter H (1963). "Phytochimie - présence de la psilocybine dans une espèce européenne d'agaric, le ...
Opium Law
... phenomorphan phenoperidine pholcodine piminodine piritramide proheptazine properidine propiram psilocine psilocybine ...
Convention on Psychotropic Substances
DMT and psilocybine (psilocine, psilotsin). Commentary 32-13: It can however not be excluded that the fruit of the Peyote ...
List of MeSH codes (D03)
... psilocybine MeSH D03.438.473.914.814 - serotonin MeSH D03.438.473.914.814.150 - bufotenin MeSH D03.438.473.914.814.150.500 - ... psilocybine MeSH D03.132.436.681 - secologanin tryptamine alkaloids MeSH D03.132.436.681.077 - ajmaline MeSH D03.132.436.681. ... psilocybine MeSH D03.438.473.402.681 - secologanin tryptamine alkaloids MeSH D03.438.473.402.681.077 - ajmaline MeSH D03.438. ...
Misuse of Drugs Act (Singapore)
... methadone and oxycodone Nimetazepam Opium Psilocin and psilocybine (psilocybin mushrooms) Salvinorin A (salvia divinorum) ...
Psychotropic Substances Act (Thailand)
Psilocybine (3-(2-Dimethylaminoethyl)-indol-4-yl dihydrogen phosphate) Tetrahydrocannabinol (1-Hydroxy-3-pentyl-6 a, 7,10,10 a- ...
List of drugs: Ps-Pz
Pseudofrin Pseudovent psilocybine (INN) Psorcon (Pharmacia & Upjohn Company) PsoriGel psyllium hemicellulose (USAN) Pulmicort ( ...
Erowid.org: Erowid Reference 2640 : tude Pharmacologique de la Psilocybine : Cerletti A
Erowid.org: Erowid Reference 2595 : Action de la Psilocybine sur le cerveau du lapin : Monnier M
psilocybine - ALERT
Reviews - PSILOCYBINE THERAPIE NEDERLAND
... psilocine Psilocybine psilocybine behandeling psilocybine ceremonie psilocybine sessie Psilocybine sessie Eindhoven Psilocybine ... sessies Psilocybine therapie psilocybine therapie Den Haag Psilocybine therapie Eindhoven psilohuasca Psychedelische therapie ... Psilocybine therapie, Psiloflora, Psychedelische therapie, Review, Reviews, testimonial, Testimonials, Triptherapie, Truffel ...
Psilocybine Amsterdam - Psychedelische therapie Nederland
... therapy Psilocybine psilocybine ceremonie Psilocybine ceremonie Nederland Psilocybine sessie Psilocybine therapie Psilocybine ... magic truffle session, Magic truffles session, magic truffles therapy, Psilocybin therapy, Psilocybine ceremonie, Psilocybine ... therapie Belgie Psilocybine therapie Nederland Psychedelic therapy psychedelische ceremonie Psychedelische ceremonie Nederland ...
psilocybine - Tags - Forums - De Hollandse Psychonaut
Psilocybin - Wikipedia
"Psilocybine". Hazardous Substances Data Bank. U.S. National Library of Medicine. Archived from the original on August 13, 2018 ... V. Psilocybine, a new psychotogenic drug". New England Journal of Medicine. 262 (6): 295-297. doi:10.1056/NEJM196002112620606. ... "Psilocybine - Compound Summary". PubChem. National Library of Medicine. Archived from the original on September 25, 2012. ... Merck Index, 11th Edition, 7942 "Psilocybine". PubChem, US National Library of Medicine. August 27, 2022. Retrieved August 29, ...
Narkootiliste ja psühhotroopsete ainete nimekirjad ning nende ainete meditsiinilisel ja teaduslikul eesmärgil käitlemine-Riigi...
Erowid.org: References Database
Erowid.org: References Database
zone23 Font Search
psilocybin Vs. psilocin Vs. Baeocystin - The Psychedelic Experience - Shroomery Message Board
It is just a step in the biosynthesis of psilocybine and psilocine. Some mushrooms will have psilocine, psilocybine, ... Usually there will be psilocybine and psilocine in the same mushrooms with nothing else and then all four trtptomines may be in ... Baeocystine is just as psychoactive as psilocine and psilocybine. Back in the 1970s Jeremy Bigwood was fortunate to bioassay ... He found the Hawaiian Copelandia cyanescens species were high in psilocybine and low in psilocine while thier Australian ...
Rucker, J. J.<...
In Response to Most Potent Mushroom - The Psychedelic Experience - Shroomery Message Board
They are ususally high in Psilocybine thus being very potent when fresh. $ to 12 mushrooms depending on their size. Mj No I ... Yes that was a typo, Psilocybine is water soluable. AS for Copelandias, again I caution you to remember that Stijve of Nestles ... I mean the mushrooms with a high psilocine content or the ones with a high psilocybine content?. ... I mean the mushrooms with a high psilocine content or the ones with a high psilocybine content?. ...
beU home - Organo Gold
How The NSA Illegally And Unconstitutionally Harrases Law-Abiding Americans Everyday
CNS 90<...
Leading 4 Course About Magic Mushrooms Effects To Discover Before You Hit 26 | Adrian Juarez
Henri Michaux
MDMA, psilocybin approved by TGA for psychiatric use in Australia
View source for Kennethclemson - Cyberlaw: Difficult Issues Winter 2010
Allan Young - Research output - King's College London
Bauer, M., Glenn, T., Achtyes, E. D., Alda, M., Agaoglu, E., Altınbaş, K., Andreassen, O. A., Angelopoulos, E., Ardau, R., Aydin, M., Ayhan, Y., Baethge, C., Bauer, R., Baune, B. T., Balaban, C., Becerra-Palars, C., Behere, A. P., Behere, P. B., Belete, H., Belete, T., & 142 othersBelizario, G. O., Bellivier, F., Belmaker, R. H., Benedetti, F., Berk, M., Bersudsky, Y., Bicakci, Ş., Birabwa-Oketcho, H., Bjella, T. D., Brady, C., Cabrera, J., Cappucciati, M., Castro, A. M. P., Chen, W-L., Cheung, E. Y. W., Chiesa, S., Crowe, M., Cuomo, A., Dallaspezia, S., Del Zompo, M., Desai, P., Dodd, S., Etain, B., Fagiolini, A., Fellendorf, F. T., Ferensztajn-Rochowiak, E., Fiedorowicz, J. G., Fountoulakis, K. N., Frye, M. A., Geoffroy, P. A., Gitlin, M. J., Gonzalez-Pinto, A., Gottlieb, J. F., Grof, P., Haarman, B. C. M., Harima, H., Hasse-Sousa, M., Henry, C., Hoffding, L., Houenou, J., Imbesi, M., Isometsä, E. T., Ivkovic, M., Janno, S., Johnsen, S., Kapczinski, F., Karakatsoulis, G. N., Kardell, M., ...
Where To Buy Magic Mushroom Grow Kits - Magic Mushroom Grow Kits USA
Stroke Recovery and Prevention Remedies
2020-1225 - New Listing - Tryp Therapeutics Inc (TRYP) | CSE - Canadian Securities Exchange
Narcotic and psychotropic drugs | Office of Drug Control (ODC)
Kruidwis - Achillea ptarmica
De Wilde bertram, Achillea ptarmica L., hoort tot de Composietenfamile. De soort is nauw verwant aan Duizendblad, Achillea millefolium, en de bloeiwijze lijkt dan ook veel op die van Duizendblad. Maar opvallend is de volstrekt andere bladvorm. Is die bij Duizendblad 2-3 voudig veerdelig waardoor het blad bestaat uit een heel groot aantal fijne slipjes, waaraan die soort ook de naam dankt, bij de Wilde bertram hebben we te doen met ongedeelde normale bladeren. Deze ongedeelde bladeren hebben een scherp gezaagde rand, soms zelfs dubbel gezaagd en de bladeren zijn van boven kaal.. De bloeiwijzen zijn ook verschillend van die van Duizendblad, maar die verschillen zijn veel kleiner en minder opvallend. Het aantal hoofdjes in de bloeiwijze is in vergelijking met Duizendblad beperkt tot zon 10 per bloeiwijze, maar die hoofdjes zijn wel groter, wat tot uiting komt in de afmetingen: het omwindsel is wel 1 cm breed. Het aantal lintbloemen in een hoofdje is ook dubbel zo groot, circa 10 en de linten ...
DeCS 2017 - Changed terms
Psilocine10
- Baeocystine is just as psychoactive as psilocine and psilocybine. (shroomery.org)
- It is just a step in the biosynthesis of psilocybine and psilocine. (shroomery.org)
- Some mushrooms will have psilocine, psilocybine, baeocystine and/or norbaeocystine in them at the same time or one or the other. (shroomery.org)
- Usually there will be psilocybine and psilocine in the same mushrooms with nothing else and then all four trtptomines may be in the shrooms. (shroomery.org)
- He found the Hawaiian Copelandia cyanescens species were high in psilocybine and low in psilocine while thier Australian cousins of Copelandia cyanescens where high in psilocine and low in psilocybine. (shroomery.org)
- Non, les champignons contenus dans votre Gourmet ROYAL Black By Organo™ ne sont pas des champignons hallucinogènes et ils ne contiennent pas de psilocybine ou de psilocine. (organogold.com)
- Psilocybine wordt in het lichaam omgezet in psilocine, een stof met hallucinerende werking. (microdosebros.com)
- Magische Paddenstoelen bevatten van nature ook de stoffen psilocybine en psilocine. (microdosebros.com)
- Psilocybine en psilocine zijn hallucinogenen. (microdosebros.com)
- Just like magic mushrooms truffles contain the psychoactive substances psilocine and psilocybine. (magictruffles.com)
MDMA1
- UMCG: groot programma nodig voor inzet 'potentieel geweldige' psilocybine, ketamine en MDMA in zorg. (nih.gov)
Psilocin and psilocybine2
Psiloflora1
- Bezoek ook onze partnersites zoals Truffel sessie , lsd therapie , truffel ceremonie , LVL 5 en , psiloflora . (trip-sitter.nl)
Therapie1
- Lees hier meer over onze psychedelische therapie in combinatie met een behandeling tegen depressie , burn-out , stress , angst , laag zelfbeeld , sociale angst , PTSS , onzekerheid en chronische ontstekingsziekten . (psychedelische-therapie-nederland.nl)
Erowid Reference1
- Erowid.org: Erowid Reference 2642 : La Psilocybine. (erowid.org)
Champignons1
- Maintenant que les champignons hallucinogènes sont en train de passer du statut de drogue à celui. (remysh.com)
Polyphyletic1
- Magic mushrooms or 'shrooms,' as they're additionally known as, are an informal polyphyletic group of mushrooms containing psilocybine and psilocine. (jigsy.com)
Psychiatrie1
- Qu tin AM. "La Psilocybine en psychiatrie clinique et exp rimentale" Doctoral Thesis . (erowid.org)
Mushrooms1
- Een hoge dosering psychedelica zoals psilocybine uit magic mushrooms of magic truffels kan zorgen voor het vervagen van de ego. (psilocybinetherapienederland.nl)
Truffles1
- In these truffles you will find the active substance Psilocybine. (tatanka.nl)
Action1
- Action de la psilocybine sur le comportement des souris normales et de. (erowid.org)
Magic3
- De McKennaii Magic Mushroom All-in-One Growkit is een harmonieuze mix van gemak, kwaliteit en betaalbaarheid en zorgt voor een overvloedige oogst van robuuste, gezonde paddenstoelen in het comfort van je eigen huis. (shayanashop.com)
- Ontketen de kracht van de natuur en begin aan een reis vol zelfontdekking met onze McKennaii Magic Mushroom All-in-One Growkits. (shayanashop.com)
- Salvia, Kanna, LSA zaden, Palo Santo, Growkits en nog veel meer inspirerende Smartshop artikelen zijn verkrijgbaar in onze Magic Smart Shop. (smartpalace.nl)