Pseudorabies Vaccines
Pseudorabies
Herpesvirus 1, Suid
T helper 1-type cytokine transcription in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of pseudorabies virus (Suid herpesvirus 1)-primed swine indicates efficient immunization. (1/25)
The induction of porcine cytokines, which are believed to be important for the regulation of T helper (Th)1- and Th2-specific immune responses of pigs, was analysed after in vitro restimulation with a herpesvirus, Suid herpes 1 (pseudorabies virus [PRV]), in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). To this end, quantitative, competitive reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-qcPCR) was established using constructed heterologous DNA MIMICS, which contain cytokine- or glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH)-specific primer-binding sites. This is a simple method that allows reliable determination of the differing regulation of cytokine mRNAs specific for porcine interleukin (IL)-2, -4 and -10, interferon gamma (IFN-gamma) and the housekeeping gene, GAPDH, as an endogenous control. PBMC derived from naive (innate response) and PRV-primed (memory response) outbred swine were analysed comparatively. The results demonstrated that restimulation with PRV significantly enhanced the transcription of Th1-type cytokines (IL-2 and IFN-gamma) but not of Th2-type cytokines (IL-4 and IL-10). This virus-specific cytokine response was only found with PBMC from swine protected against lethal PRV challenge infection, but not with naive PBMC or with PBMC from pigs immunized with plasmid DNA encoding PRV glycoprotein gC. Notably, PBMC derived from immune and naive pigs constitutively produced relatively high amounts of IL-10-specific mRNA, exceeding that of GAPDH mRNA, independently of the addition of viral antigen or the mitogen concanavalin A (Con A). The results of this work should help to provide a better understanding of the effector cell/cytokine network response to infection with, or vaccination against, PRV. Additionally, the simple, reliable and sensitive RT-qcPCR, when used to determine the porcine cytokine pattern, might be of prognostic value for the induction of protective immunity. (+info)An analysis of a presumed major outbreak of pseudorabies virus in a vaccinated sow herd. (2/25)
We describe a major outbreak of pseudorabies virus (PRV) in a sow herd in which the sows were vaccinated simultaneously three times a year with a vaccine containing Bartha strain. Also in the associated rearing herd in which the gilts were vaccinated twice an outbreak of PRV occurred. The outbreak was analysed with mathematical models, statistical methods and Monte-Carlo simulation. Under the assumption that the outbreak started with one introduction of virus the reproduction ratio R(ind)--as a measure of transmission of PRV between individuals--in the sow herd was estimated with a Generalized Linear Model to be 1.6. Also under the assumption of one introduction of virus R(ind) in the rearing herd was estimated with a martingale estimator to be 1.7. Both estimates were significantly larger than 1. Mathematical analysis showed that heterogeneity in the sow herd, because of the presence of not-optimally immunized replacement sows could not be the only cause of the observed outbreak in the sow herd. With Monte-Carlo simulations, the duration of an outbreak after a single introduction of virus and R(ind) = 1.6 did not mimic the data and thus the hypothesis of a single introduction with R(ind) = 1.6 could also be rejected and R(ind) is thus, not necessarily above 1. Moreover, with statistical analysis, endemicity in the combination of herds as a cause for the observed outbreak could be rejected. Endemicity in the rearing herd alone could not be excluded. Therefore, multiple introductions from outside and most probably from the rearing herd were possibly the cause of the observed outbreak(s). The implications for eradication of pseudorabies virus were discussed. (+info)Type I IFN modulates the immune response induced by DNA vaccination to pseudorabies virus glycoprotein C. (3/25)
DNA vaccines have the capacity to induce strong Th1-biased immune responses that are of major importance to providing protection against intracellular pathogens. In the present study we have focused on the role played by type I IFN in immune responses induced after DNA vaccination. Mice lacking the IFNAR1 chain of the type I IFN receptor (IFNAR K/O mice) were immunized with a plasmid encoding glycoprotein C of pseudorabies virus (PRV-gC). After DNA vaccination, wild-type (WT) mice showed features characteristic of Th1 immune responses, such as high IgG2a:IgG1 anti-PRV Ab ratio and antigen-specific IFN-gamma production by spleen cells. In contrast, IFNAR K/O mice showed a significantly lower IgG2a:IgG1 Ab ratio and IFN-gamma production. In addition, the percentage of CD8(+) and B lymph-node cells expressing CD69 after PRV-gC DNA vaccination was lower in IFNAR K/O than in WT mice. These results support a major role played by type I IFN in shaping Th1 immune responses after DNA vaccination. Codelivery of plasmids encoding IL-12 and IL-18 along with the plasmid encoding PRV-gC restored Th1 responses in IFNAR K/O mice. (+info)Insertions in the gG gene of pseudorabies virus reduce expression of the upstream Us3 protein and inhibit cell-to-cell spread of virus infection. (4/25)
The alphaherpesvirus Us4 gene encodes glycoprotein G (gG), which is conserved in most viruses of the alphaherpesvirus subfamily. In the swine pathogen pseudorabies virus (PRV), mutant viruses with internal deletions and insertions in the gG gene have shown no discernible phenotypes. We report that insertions in the gG locus of the attenuated PRV strain Bartha show reduced virulence in vivo and are defective in their ability to spread from cell to cell in a cell-type-specific manner. Similar insertions in the gG locus of the wild-type PRV strain Becker had no effect on the ability of virus infection to spread between cells. Insertions in the gG locus of the virulent NIA-3 strain gave results similar to those found with the Bartha strain. To examine the role of gG in cell-to-cell spread, a nonsense mutation in the gG signal sequence was constructed and crossed into the Bartha strain. This mutant, PRV157, failed to express gG yet had cell-to-cell spread properties indistinguishable from those of the parental Bartha strain. These data indicated that, while insertions in the gG locus result in decreased cell-to-cell spread, the phenotype was not due to loss of gG expression as first predicted. Analysis of gene expression upstream and downstream of gG revealed that expression of the upstream Us3 protein is reduced by insertion of lacZ or egfp at the gG locus. By contrast, expression of the gene immediately downstream of gG, Us6, which encodes glycoprotein gD, was not affected by insertions in gG. These data indicate that DNA insertions in gG have polar effects and suggest that the serine/threonine kinase encoded by the Us3 gene, and not gG, functions in the spread of viral infection between cells. (+info)Protective antiviral immune responses to pseudorabies virus induced by DNA vaccination using dimethyldioctadecylammonium bromide as an adjuvant. (5/25)
To enhance the efficacy of a DNA vaccine against pseudorabies virus (PRV), we evaluated the adjuvant properties of plasmids coding for gamma interferon or interleukin-12, of CpG immunostimulatory motifs, and of the conventional adjuvants dimethyldioctadecylammonium bromide in water (DDA) and sulfolipo-cyclodextrin in squalene in water. We demonstrate that a DNA vaccine combined with DDA, but not with the other adjuvants, induced significantly stronger immune responses than plasmid vaccination alone. Moreover, pigs vaccinated in the presence of DDA were protected against clinical disease and shed significantly less PRV after challenge infection. This is the first study to demonstrate that DDA, a conventional adjuvant, enhances DNA vaccine-induced antiviral immunity. (+info)A fusion protein of IgG fc and mouse-derived antigen on the surface of pseudorabies virus particles does not accelerate production of harmful auto-reactive antibodies. (6/25)
Previously we reported that immunization with pseudorabies virus (PRV), harboring chimeric Fc on the surface of the virus particles (PRV/Fc), induced higher immune responses than normal PRV particles. The chimeric Fc was fused with mouse transferrin receptor of transmembrane domain (mTR) and the Fc region of immunoglobulin G1. Since it has been reported that some chimeric protein of Fc and self-antigen induce auto-reactive antibodies, in this present study, we examined whether PRV/Fc induces auto-reactive antibodies that react with mTR. PRV/Fc immunized mice produced higher levels of anti-PRV antibodies and antibodies that reacted with mouse-derived 3T3/A31 cells (A31 cell), compared to normal PRV immunized mice. However, antibodies that reacted with mTR in A31 cells were not detected in both Western blot analyses and indirect immunofluorescence assay. The antibodies reacted with an antigen of approximately 16 kDa in A31 cells, but this antigen has a different molecular mass from that of mTR. The antibody also reacted with the antigen of approximately 16 kDa in RK13 cells in which the virus had been propagated. In addition, antibodies induced by immunization with normal PRV also reacted with the same antigen in A31 and RK13 cells. Moreover, neither kidney disorders, in which high levels of mTR were expressed, nor clinical symptoms of autoimmune diseases were observed in mice immunized with either PRV or PRV/Fc. These results indicated that the antibodies were not induced by mTR-Fc, but were instead induced by trace amounts of RK13 derived antigens contained in PRV or PRV/Fc preparations, and cross-reacted with equivalent molecules in mouse derived A31 cells. Therefore, this study confirmed that immunization with PRV/Fc did not induce harmful auto-reactive antibodies. (+info)Limited protection conferred by a DNA vaccine against a lethal pseudorabies virus infection at day 5 postvaccination. (7/25)
No pseudorabies virus (PRV)-specific neutralizing or immunoglobulin G1-type antibodies were detected in sera 5 days after injection of a DNA vaccine against PRV infection in pigs. PRV-stimulated peripheral blood mononuclear cells produced gamma interferon mRNA in vitro. Two out of five pigs recovered from lethal PRV infection without attenuation of nasal viral excretion. (+info)Porcine circovirus type 2-induced interleukin-10 modulates recall antigen responses. (8/25)
(+info)Pseudorabies vaccines are vaccines used to protect swine against the Pseudorabies virus, also known as Aujeszky's disease. This viral disease can affect the nervous system of pigs and other animals, causing symptoms such as fever, loss of appetite, difficulty breathing, and neurological issues. It can also lead to significant economic losses in the swine industry due to reproductive failures and mortality.
Pseudorabies vaccines contain attenuated (weakened) or inactivated (killed) forms of the Pseudorabies virus. These vaccines work by stimulating the pig's immune system to produce antibodies against the virus, providing protection against infection. However, it is important to note that these vaccines do not provide complete sterilizing immunity, meaning that vaccinated animals may still become infected and shed the virus if exposed to the wild-type strain.
Pseudorabies vaccines are typically administered to young pigs through injection, and revaccination may be necessary to maintain immunity. These vaccines have played a crucial role in controlling and eradicating Pseudorabies from swine populations in many countries. However, it is important to follow proper vaccine handling, storage, and administration procedures to ensure their effectiveness and safety.
Pseudorabies, also known as Aujeszky's disease, is a viral disease that primarily affects animals, particularly pigs, but can occasionally infect other mammals including dogs, cats, and humans. The disease is caused by the Suid herpesvirus 1 (SuHV-1) and is named "pseudorabies" because it can cause symptoms similar to rabies, such as neurological signs and aggression. However, it is not related to rabies and is caused by a different virus.
In pigs, the disease can cause a range of symptoms including respiratory distress, fever, neurological signs, and reproductive failure. In other animals, pseudorabies can cause severe neurological signs such as seizures, disorientation, and aggression.
Humans can become infected with pseudorabies through close contact with infected animals or their tissues, but it is rare and usually only occurs in people who work closely with pigs or other susceptible animals. In humans, the disease typically causes mild flu-like symptoms or a skin rash, but in rare cases, it can cause more severe neurological signs.
There is no specific treatment for pseudorabies, and prevention measures such as vaccination and biosecurity are critical to controlling the spread of the disease in animal populations.
Herpesvirus 1, Suid (Suid Herpesvirus 1 or SHV-1), also known as Pseudorabies Virus (PrV), is a species of the genus Varicellovirus in the subfamily Alphaherpesvirinae of the family Herpesviridae. It is a double-stranded DNA virus that primarily infects members of the Suidae family, including domestic pigs and wild boars. The virus can cause a range of symptoms known as Aujeszky's disease in these animals, which may include respiratory distress, neurological issues, and reproductive failures.
SHV-1 is highly contagious and can be transmitted through direct contact with infected animals or their secretions, as well as through aerosol transmission. Although it does not typically infect humans, there have been rare cases of human infection, usually resulting from exposure to infected pigs or their tissues. In these instances, the virus may cause mild flu-like symptoms or more severe neurological issues.
SHV-1 is an important pathogen in the swine industry and has significant economic implications due to its impact on animal health and production. Vaccination programs are widely used to control the spread of the virus and protect susceptible pig populations.
A vaccine is a biological preparation that provides active acquired immunity to a particular infectious disease. It typically contains an agent that resembles the disease-causing microorganism and is often made from weakened or killed forms of the microbe, its toxins, or one of its surface proteins. The agent stimulates the body's immune system to recognize the agent as a threat, destroy it, and "remember" it, so that the immune system can more easily recognize and destroy any of these microorganisms that it encounters in the future.
Vaccines can be prophylactic (to prevent or ameliorate the effects of a future infection by a natural or "wild" pathogen), or therapeutic (to fight disease that is already present). The administration of vaccines is called vaccination. Vaccinations are generally administered through needle injections, but can also be administered by mouth or sprayed into the nose.
The term "vaccine" comes from Edward Jenner's 1796 use of cowpox to create immunity to smallpox. The first successful vaccine was developed in 1796 by Edward Jenner, who showed that milkmaids who had contracted cowpox did not get smallpox. He reasoned that exposure to cowpox protected against smallpox and tested his theory by injecting a boy with pus from a cowpox sore and then exposing him to smallpox, which the boy did not contract. The word "vaccine" is derived from Variolae vaccinae (smallpox of the cow), the term devised by Jenner to denote cowpox. He used it in 1798 during a conversation with a fellow physician and later in the title of his 1801 Inquiry.
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Aujeszky's5
- Vaccines or candidate vaccines used to prevent PSEUDORABIES (Aujeszky's disease), a herpesvirus of swine and other animals. (nih.gov)
- We do not advise the use of raw pork in the recipes because pigs may carry many disease causing pathogens including Trichinella and the virus that causes Pseudorabies (Aujeszky's disease). (felineinstincts.com)
- Pseudorabies virus (PRV) causes Aujeszky's disease or pseudorabies (PR) in pigs worldwide, which leads to heavy economic losses to the swine industry. (authorea.com)
- Aujeszky's disease, also known as pseudorabies, is caused by an alphaherpesvirus that infects the central nervous system and other organs, such as the respiratory tract, in a variety of mammals except humans and the tailless apes. (gov.ie)
- This allows an operation to implement avoidance zones in the event of not only ASF but other contagious conditions like classical swine fever (CSF), porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS), erysipelas, salmonellosis, Aujeszky's disease (or pseudorabies), and Pasteurellosis infections. (leantechniques.com)
Antibodies9
- Both farms can provide breeding pigs that are negative for pseudorabies gE antibodies and are free of wild virus infection. (denimbear.com)
- The piglets immunized with PRV GDFS-delgI/gE/US9/US2 vaccine did not produce PRV gE-specific antibodies but could generate PRV gB-specific antibodies and high neutralizing titers against PRV GDFS strain (variant PRV strain) or PRV Ea strain (older PRV strain). (authorea.com)
- Published Nov. 6 in the journal Nature Vaccines , the study found that vaccinating guinea pigs with the modified live virus significantly increased the production of virus-combating antibodies. (paranormal.lt)
- These antibodies will then be used to identify highly conserved vaccine targets that may be engineered to induce cross-protection. (pirbright.ac.uk)
- A live attenuated virus vaccine of duck embryo or human diploid cell tissue culture origin, used for routine immunization of children and for immunization of nonpregnant adolescent and adult females of childbearing age who are unimmunized and do not have serum antibodies to rubella. (uchicago.edu)
- The passive transfer of antibodies may interfere with the response to live viral vaccines (7). (nih.gov)
- In mice, vaccines inducing antibodies to the extracellular domain of the M2 protein (M2e) can confer protection to influenza A virus infection. (microbiologyresearch.org)
- In this study, the protection conferred by vaccines inducing antibodies to M2e was evaluated in a challenge model for swine influenza in pigs. (microbiologyresearch.org)
- He said in the year 2000, Uruguay's Ministry of Agriculture and the swine industry completed a serological study of pigs there, looking for antibodies of PRRS, pseudorabies virus (PRV), classical swine fever (CSF), and other diseases. (swinehealth.org)
Porcine reproduc1
- Our major research focus is the development of improved vaccines for porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS). (pirbright.ac.uk)
Swine2
- Isolates from pseudorabies virus epidemics in swine herds were characterized. (cdc.gov)
- Both farms can provide swine fever vaccine-positive, pigs without wild virus infection. (denimbear.com)
Influenza2
- Influenza viral vectors expressing the Brucella OMP16 or L7/L12 proteins as vaccines against B. abortus infection. (ijmedrev.com)
- All vaccines induced an antibody response against M2e, and the M2eNP DNA vaccine additionally induced an influenza virus-specific lymphoproliferation response. (microbiologyresearch.org)
PRRS4
- Vaccination is a key element to PRRS control and while both inactivated and live attenuated PRRS vaccines are widely used neither provides sufficiently effective protection against the diversity of circulating PRRSV strains. (pirbright.ac.uk)
- We are working with colleagues and collaborators on ambitious complimentary approaches aimed at the development of improved PRRS vaccines. (pirbright.ac.uk)
- PRRS control is hampered by the rapid evolution of the virus and shortcomings with existing vaccines. (pirbright.ac.uk)
- Even though it is PRRS, it appears non-virulent, perhaps vaccine-like. (swinehealth.org)
Virus36
- Evidence confirmed that the pathogenic pseudorabies virus was the etiologic agent of this epidemic. (cdc.gov)
- Pseudorabies virus (PRV), also called Aujeszky disease virus or suid herpesvirus type 1, is a member of the Alphaherpesvirinae subfamily within the family Herpesviridae . (cdc.gov)
- Thus, both the virus in the vaccine and the super-virulent wild-type strain can establish latency within the same animal ( 13 - 15 ). (cdc.gov)
- Necropsy specimens from pigs infected with pseudorabies virus. (cdc.gov)
- Alignment the partial sequences of glycoprotein (g) C (A), gD (B), and gE (C) genes of pseudorabies virus at the nucleotide level. (cdc.gov)
- As virulence-determining genes, and encode the small subunit and large subunit of viral ribonucleotide reductase (RR) in pseudorabies virus which have been extensively studied in mice. (engineering.org.cn)
- In this study, we deleted and genes based on a / / triple gene-deleted pseudorabies virus and tested its efficacy in pigs as a vaccine candidate. (engineering.org.cn)
- However, vaccination could not provide protection against virulent pseudorabies virus challenge since vaccinated pigs showed clinical pseudorabies-specific syndromes. (engineering.org.cn)
- Recombinant Glycoprotein E (gE) of Pseudorabies Virus produced in E. coli. (creativebiomart.net)
- Pseudorabies virus glycoprotein E (PRV gE) has been recognized as a suitable diagnostic antigen for pseudorabies. (creativebiomart.net)
- In a previous study we obtained and characterized in vitro a novel pseudorabies virus (PRV) variant named gIp2 with a TK, gI/gE, 11k and 28k negative phenotype and a duplication of PK gene. (csic.es)
- Additionally, the inoculation of gIp2 induced an immune response able to provide clinical and virological protection against pseudorabies virus after challenge. (csic.es)
- In conclusion, the use of gIp2 in piglets as a vaccine virus is safe and induces an immunity comparable to that exerted by commercially available vaccines. (csic.es)
- Immunogenic response to a recombinant pseudorabies virus carrying bp26 gene of Brucella melitensis in mice. (ijmedrev.com)
- One method of providing virus resistance is by use of vaccines. (justia.com)
- One vaccine is based on the inactivated PCV2a virus [ 6 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
- A genetically edited form of a herpes simplex virus-rewired to keep it from taking refuge in the nervous system and eluding an immune response-has outperformed a leading vaccine candidate in a new study from the University of Cincinnati, Northwestern University and the University of Nebraska-Lincoln. (paranormal.lt)
- So the researchers were heartened when further studies showed that the R2-mutated virus performed well as a vaccine in mice. (paranormal.lt)
- So it's the same story over and over again: Either your subunit vaccine doesn't present enough antigens, or you make the live virus essentially so sick that it doesn't work really well to generate an immune response,' Pickard said. (paranormal.lt)
- In addition, we are applying our expertise in porcine immunology and vaccinology to contribute to the development of vaccines to combat new and emerging zoonotic viruses, such as the Nipah virus and SARS-CoV-2. (pirbright.ac.uk)
- We also aim to develop a safe and efficacious Nipah virus vaccine for pigs that will aid the prevention and control of Nipah outbreaks. (pirbright.ac.uk)
- Development of a Nipah virus vaccine to eliminate porcine reservoirs and safeguard human health. (pirbright.ac.uk)
- We are working with colleagues and partners to develop a prototype Nipah virus vaccine for pigs. (pirbright.ac.uk)
- We are also exploring the potential for live attenuated PRRSV and pseudorabies virus to act as vaccine vectors for Nipah and thus provide a bivalent vaccine. (pirbright.ac.uk)
- Pseudorabies virus EP0 protein counteracts an interferon-induced antiviral state in a species-specific manner. (geneticsmr.com)
- 2000). The response of pigs inoculated with a thymidine kinase-negative (TK-) pseudorabies virus to challenge infection with virulent virus. (geneticsmr.com)
- For this purpose, piglets were immunized with a commercial PRRSV-live vaccine and classified as high responders (HR) or low responders (LR) as regards to the frequencies of virus-specific IFN-γ-secreting cells. (biomedcentral.com)
- Alphaherpesviruses, specifically pseudorabies virus (PRV) and Herpes Simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1), have demonstrated at least two forms of SIE. (montana.edu)
- Simian virus (SV40), which was placed into polio vaccines for many years in the United States. (governmentpropaganda.net)
- Porcine NK Cells Stimulate Proliferation of Pseudorabies Virus-Experienced CD8 and CD4CD8 T Cells. (sciensano.be)
- Vaccines used to prevent infection by MUMPS VIRUS. (childrensmercy.org)
- Best known is the live attenuated virus vaccine of chick embryo origin, used for routine immunization of children and for immunization of adolescents and adults who have not had mumps or been immunized with live mumps vaccine. (childrensmercy.org)
- Any vaccine raised against any virus or viral derivative that causes hepatitis. (childrensmercy.org)
- Pseudorabies virus (PRV) can infect multiple hosts and lead to fatal encephalitis. (biomedcentral.com)
- 113.200 - General requirements for killed virus vaccines. (customsmobile.com)
- 113.212 - Bursal Disease Vaccine, Killed Virus. (customsmobile.com)
Inactivated and live-attenuated3
- In this study, the efficacy of inactivated and live-attenuated (2 × 10 3.5 or 2 × 10 4.0 50 % tissue culture infective dose [TCID 50 ] dose) chimeric PCV1-2b vaccines was compared side-by-side in conventional pigs. (biomedcentral.com)
- Both inactivated and live-attenuated chimeric PCV1-2b vaccines induced a robust antibody responses, and significantly decreased microscopic lesion and lower viral loads in serum or superficial inguinal lymph nodes (SILN) compared with that in the nonvaccinated challenged group. (biomedcentral.com)
- The results demonstrated that both inactivated and live-attenuated chimeric PCV1-2b vaccines were effective to induce protective immunity against PCV2b infection. (biomedcentral.com)
Viral6
- Herpesvirus of turkeys (HVT), used originally as a vaccine against Marek's disease (MD), has recently been shown to be a highly effective viral vector for generation of recombinant vaccines that deliver protective antigens of other avian pathogens. (mdpi.com)
- Viral vector-based vaccines offer the potential to provide protection against virulent pathogens entering via the mucosal route. (pirbright.ac.uk)
- We are evaluating a range of recombinant vaccine candidates, based on protein subunits as well as viral and mRNA vectors. (pirbright.ac.uk)
- This graph shows the total number of publications written about "Viral Hepatitis Vaccines" by people in this website by year, and whether "Viral Hepatitis Vaccines" was a major or minor topic of these publications. (childrensmercy.org)
- Below are the most recent publications written about "Viral Hepatitis Vaccines" by people in Profiles. (childrensmercy.org)
- It accepts basic research as well as pre-clinical and clinical studies of novel diagnostic tools, vaccines and anti-viral therapies. (biomedcentral.com)
Vaccination6
- Vaccination of pigs with attenuated live or inactivated vaccines is widely performed to reduce the huge economic losses caused by PRV infection ( 10 - 12 ). (cdc.gov)
- The administration of vaccines is called vaccination. (wikipedia.org)
- The terms vaccine and vaccination are derived from Variolae vaccinae (smallpox of the cow), the term devised by Edward Jenner (who both developed the concept of vaccines and created the first vaccine) to denote cowpox. (wikipedia.org)
- Sometimes, protection fails for vaccine-related reasons such as failures in vaccine attenuation, vaccination regimens or administration. (wikipedia.org)
- Six weeks post vaccination, PBMCs isolated from three individuals with the most extreme responses in each HR and LR groups and 3 unvaccinated controls, were either stimulated with phytohaemagglutinin, challenged with the vaccine or mock treated for 24 h, prior conducting transcriptional studies, gene ontology and pathway analyses. (biomedcentral.com)
- PRRSV vaccines are routinely applied to breeding herds to prevent reproductive problems but the beneficial effect of vaccination to piglets is still controversial. (biomedcentral.com)
Piglets5
- No adverse reactions or clinical signs were observed in any group after immunization, indicating that the application of up to 10 times the conventional dose included in a commercial vaccine (i.e. 10E5.5 TCID sub(50)) of gIp2 was safe in piglets. (csic.es)
- After emerging PRV GDFS variant challenge, all piglets immunized with PRV GDFS-delgI/gE/US9/US2 vaccine did not show any clinical signs, and the rectal temperature was normal. (authorea.com)
- Moreover, the autopsy and histopathological analyses revealed that the piglets in the PRV GDFS-delgI/gE/US9/US2 vaccine group did not show apparent gross and pathological lesions. (authorea.com)
- Furthermore, the piglets did not present weight loss in the PRV GDFS-delgI/gE/US9/US2 vaccine groups. (authorea.com)
- According to the criteria of OIE terrestrial manual, the results of the experiment confirmed that the PRV GDFS-delgI/gE/US9/US2 vaccine could provide full protection against emerging PRV variant strain in piglets. (authorea.com)
Immunity4
- A vaccine is a biological preparation that provides active acquired immunity to a particular infectious or malignant disease. (wikipedia.org)
- Some vaccines offer full sterilizing immunity, in which infection is prevented completely. (wikipedia.org)
- In some cases vaccines may result in partial immune protection (in which immunity is less than 100% effective but still reduces risk of infection) or in temporary immune protection (in which immunity wanes over time) rather than full or permanent immunity. (wikipedia.org)
- We have a longstanding interest in understanding immunological mechanisms underlying protective immunity and the application of this knowledge to the development of new or improved vaccines. (pirbright.ac.uk)
Subunit1
- Two subunit vaccines are based on capsid protein expressed in the baculovirus system. (biomedcentral.com)
IMMUNIZATION1
- After immunization of a group of pigs with a given vaccine, a variety of immune response are often generated among pigs and only some of them are being protected against infection. (biomedcentral.com)
PRRSV6
- There is therefore an urgent need to develop more efficacious vaccines to aid PRRSV control. (pirbright.ac.uk)
- We have therefore identified and characterised conserved T cell antigens from PRRSV and are evaluating their vaccine potential using a novel vaccine vector platform based on an attenuated herpesvirus. (pirbright.ac.uk)
- Identifying the key determinants of PRRSV proteins that mediate immune evasion or contribute to disease to provide rational targets for the production of attenuated vaccine strains. (pirbright.ac.uk)
- Evaluating a novel solid dose vaccine formulation technology for delivery of PRRSV vaccines. (pirbright.ac.uk)
- By dissecting the pathological and protective immune responses evoked by PRRSV, we will be able to design safer and more effective vaccines. (pirbright.ac.uk)
- Several commercial vaccines (including live attenuated and inactivated) are available on the market but their efficacies are considered to be at best partial as they cannot provide full protection against the wide diversity of PRRSV strains circulating in the field [ 20 , 21 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Antigen1
- There are currently several types of commercial vaccine products available worldwide and they differ in antigen. (biomedcentral.com)
Antibody1
- PCV2 antibody titers decreased after 7 days post challenge (DPC) in pigs administered the inactivated PCV1-2b vaccine and they were lower than those in pigs inoculated with live-attenuated PCV1-2b on the day of necropsy. (biomedcentral.com)
Immunogenicity2
- And to support the development of COVID-19 vaccine candidates by utilising the pig as a preclinical model to study vaccine immunogenicity. (pirbright.ac.uk)
- We are supporting the UK response to the COVID-19 pandemic by evaluating a range of vaccine candidates for immunogenicity in pigs to inform further clinical development. (pirbright.ac.uk)
Infection5
- Vaccines can be prophylactic (to prevent or alleviate the effects of a future infection by a natural or "wild" pathogen), or therapeutic (to fight a disease that has already occurred, such as cancer). (wikipedia.org)
- Bahador A, Esmaeili D, Mansoori N, Mahdavi M. Protection against Brucella abortus 544 Strain Infection in BALB/c Mice by Subcutaneouse Administration of Multicomponent Vaccine of rCagA Conjugated with LPS + CpG. (ijmedrev.com)
- PRV live-attenuated vaccines could control PRV infection, which has become a consensus. (authorea.com)
- Therefore, PRV GDFS-delgI/gE/US9/US2 strain is a potential live-attenuated vaccine against emerging PRV variant strain infection in China. (authorea.com)
- Research on this topic will stimulate development of vaccines in global health by providing targets for disruption of alphaherpesvirus infection and information on unknown aspects of alphaherpesvirus infection. (montana.edu)
Efficacy1
- The main objective of the present study was to determine the safety and efficacy, as a vaccine candidate, of this recombinant PRV. (csic.es)
CRISPR1
- In this study, a Bartha-K61-like vaccine based on emerging PRV variant was generated by the CRISPR/Cas9 method, which has deleted the gI, gE, US9, and US2 genes. (authorea.com)
Herds1
- The disease is controlled by containment of infected herds and by the use of vaccines and/or removal of latently infected animals. (gov.ie)
Induces1
- The protein moiety of Brucella abortus outer membrane protein 16 is a new bacterial pathogen-associated molecular pattern that activates dendritic cells in vivo, induces a Th1 immune response, and is a promising self-adjuvanting vaccine against systemic and oral acquired brucellosis. (ijmedrev.com)
Proteins1
- A vaccine typically contains an agent that resembles a disease-causing microorganism and is often made from weakened or killed forms of the microbe, its toxins, or one of its surface proteins. (wikipedia.org)
Widely1
- The safety and effectiveness of vaccines has been widely studied and verified. (wikipedia.org)
Infections1
- The World Health Organization (WHO) reports that licensed vaccines are currently available for twenty-five different preventable infections. (wikipedia.org)
Pigs inoculated1
- Moreover, no viremia was present in pigs inoculated with live-attenuated PCV1-2b vaccine at 21 DPC regardless of the dose difference. (biomedcentral.com)
Clinical studies1
- Essential Apitolisib research buy training regarding anti-A experiment with immunotherapeutic tactics had been discovered selleck inhibitor through the initial active vaccine clinical studies. (liverx-receptor.com)
Candidate1
- The OMPs of Brucella could be used as a suitable vaccine candidate versus brucellosis. (ijmedrev.com)
Mesh1
- Rubella Vaccine" is a descriptor in the National Library of Medicine's controlled vocabulary thesaurus, MeSH (Medical Subject Headings) . (uchicago.edu)
Effectiveness1
- Previous studies have demonstrated effectiveness of chimeric PCV1-2 vaccines against PCV2b challenge. (biomedcentral.com)
Vaccinology2
- The science of vaccine development and production is termed vaccinology. (wikipedia.org)
- [17] The science of vaccine development and production is termed vaccinology . (webot.org)
Advances1
- Recent advances in Brucella abortus vaccines. (ijmedrev.com)
Outbreaks1
- The PR outbreaks demonstrated that Bartha-K61 vaccine did not provide full protection against the emerging PRV variant. (authorea.com)
Development1
- Progress in Brucella vaccine development. (ijmedrev.com)
Protection1
- The fact that it demonstrated cross-protection against HSV type 2-the sexually transmitted type usually responsible for genital herpes-suggests that an HSV-2-specific edition of the vaccine could prove even more effective, the researchers said. (paranormal.lt)
Approaches1
- Moreover, it circumvented certain stubborn issues that have cropped up with other vaccine approaches. (paranormal.lt)
Infectious2
- There is overwhelming scientific consensus that vaccines are a very safe and effective way to fight and eradicate infectious diseases. (wikipedia.org)
- Infectious diseases before and after a vaccine was introduced. (webot.org)
Research1
- Despite the prevalence of the viruses, more than four decades of research have yet to yield an approved vaccine for HSV-1 or HSV-2. (paranormal.lt)
Response1
- Those who are older often display less of a response than those who are younger, a pattern known as Immunosenescence.Adjuvants commonly are used to boost immune response, particularly for older people whose immune response to a simple vaccine may have weakened. (wikipedia.org)