Pseudomonas
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Pseudomonas putida
Pseudomonas fluorescens
Pseudomonas syringae
Pseudomonas Phages
Pseudomonas stutzeri
ADP Ribose Transferases
Molecular Sequence Data
Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial
Cystic Fibrosis
Exotoxins
Biodegradation, Environmental
Alginates
Microbial Sensitivity Tests
Pseudomonas mendocina
Oxygenases
Virulence Factors
Biofilms
Amino Acid Sequence
Tobramycin
Culture Media
Carbenicillin
Quorum Sensing
Escherichia coli
Dioxygenases
Bacteria
Mutation
Plasmids
Hexuronic Acids
Base Sequence
Phloroglucinol
Soil Microbiology
Glucuronic Acid
Bacterial Toxins
Pyocins
Gram-Negative Bacteria
Cloning, Molecular
4-Butyrolactone
Burkholderia cepacia
Drug Resistance, Microbial
Sequence Analysis, DNA
Catechol 2,3-Dioxygenase
Ceftazidime
Operon
Imipenem
Xylenes
Siderophores
Virulence
Bacterial Outer Membrane Proteins
Gentamicins
Eye Infections, Bacterial
beta-Lactamases
Colony Count, Microbial
Hydrogen Cyanide
Alkanes
Azurin
Pseudomonas alcaligenes
DNA Transposable Elements
Thienamycins
Pseudomonas fragi
Genetic Complementation Test
Species Specificity
Drug Resistance, Bacterial
Corneal Ulcer
Pancreatic Elastase
Substrate Specificity
Mutagenesis, Insertional
Catechol 1,2-Dioxygenase
Conjugation, Genetic
Colistin
Pseudomonas pseudoalcaligenes
Amikacin
Bacterial Adhesion
Aminoglycosides
Benzoates
Antibiosis
Hydrolases
Restriction Mapping
Sequence Homology, Amino Acid
Carbapenems
Enterobacteriaceae
Mixed Function Oxygenases
Oxidoreductases
Drug Resistance, Multiple, Bacterial
Aztreonam
RNA, Ribosomal, 16S
Cephalosporins
Water Microbiology
Anti-Infective Agents
beta-Lactams
Polymyxins
Polyhydroxyalkanoates
Sputum
RNA, Bacterial
Phenotype
DNA, Ribosomal
Hydrogen-Ion Concentration
Sigma Factor
Indenes
Salicylic Acid
Pseudomonas oleovorans
Lycopersicon esculentum
Adipates
Acinetobacter
Parabens
Piperacillin
Oxidation-Reduction
Alcaligenes
Multigene Family
Pest Control, Biological
Pyrrolnitrin
Succinates
Temperature
Protocatechuate-3,4-Dioxygenase
Kanamycin
Urocanate Hydratase
Rhizosphere
Iron
Fimbriae, Bacterial
Chromosomes, Bacterial
Plant Roots
Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel
Flagellin
Fimbriae Proteins
Benzoic Acid
Microbial Viability
Quinolones
beta-Lactam Resistance
Lipopolysaccharides
Gram-Negative Aerobic Bacteria
Gene Deletion
Amino Acids
Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections
Sequence Alignment
Alcohol Oxidoreductases
Penicillins
Burns
Porins
Immunotoxins
RNA Polymerase Sigma 54
Salicylates
Plant Leaves
Open Reading Frames
Camphor
4-Hydroxybenzoate-3-Monooxygenase
Anaerobiosis
Styrene
Promoter Regions, Genetic
Membrane Transport Proteins
Carboxylic Ester Hydrolases
R Factors
Staphylococcus aureus
Nitrite Reductases
Polymerase Chain Reaction
Carbohydrate Dehydrogenases
Nucleic Acid Hybridization
Hydro-Lyases
Genes, Regulator
Carbon
Lipase
A taxonomic study of bacteria isolated from grasses: a proposed new species Pseudomonas graminis sp. nov. (1/4816)
The taxonomic position of a yellow-pigmented group of bacteria, isolated from the phyllosphere of grasses was investigated. Results obtained from restriction analysis of amplified 16S rDNA with seven endonucleases (CfoI, HaeIII, AluI, HinfI, MspI, Sau3A and ScrFI) showed identical restriction patterns for each enzyme of all isolates studied, which suggests that all strains belong to the same species. The grass isolates displayed the characteristics of the genus Pseudomonas. They were Gram-negative, aerobic and rod-shaped with polar flagella. Isolates were catalase-positive and oxidase-negative, and unable to oxidize or ferment glucose with the production of acid. The isolates did not reduce nitrate to nitrite but were able to utilize a wide range of compounds individually as a sole carbon source, with preference being given to the utilization of monosaccharides. The disaccharides tested were not utilized as substrates. The DNA base compositions of the tested strains ranged from 60 to 61 mol% G+C. The major isoprenoid quinone of each was ubiquinone Q-9 and hydroxy fatty acids were represented by 3-hydroxydodecanoic acid and 2-hydroxydodecanoic acid. Comparison of 16S rDNA sequences showed that the bacteria were members of the genus Pseudomonas, with similarity values between 91.5 and 97.7%. DNA-DNA hybridization studies with closely related neighbours revealed a low level of homology (< 27%), indicating that the isolates represent an individual species. On the basis of phenotypic and phylogenetic analyses a new species, Pseudomonas graminis sp. nov. (type strain DSM 11363T), is proposed. (+info)Cellular fatty acids and metabolic products of Pseudomonas species obtained from clinical specimens. (2/4816)
The cellular fatty acid composition of 112 reference strains and clinical isolates of Pseudomonas species was determined by gas-liquid chromatography (GLC). The presence and relative amounts of cyclopropane, hydroxy, and branched-chain fatty acids were distinguishing features of these strains. Determination of short-chain fatty acids extracted from spent growth media provided an additional means for identifying some strains. Our results show that clinical isolates of pseudomonads can be divided into eight distinct GLC groups. The procedures were especially useful for distinguishing glucose-nonoxidizing pseudomonads, which are difficult to identify by conventional criteria. Since the GLC procedures are simple, rapid, and highly reproducible, they are useful in diagnostic laboratories that process large numbers of cultures. Coupled with selected conventional tests, the analysis of short-chain and cellular fatty acids can be very useful for rapid screening of clinical isolates of Pseudomonas species. (+info)Synthesis of bacteriophage phi6 double-stranded ribonucleic acid. (3/4816)
Uracil was incorporated into all three bacteriophage phi6 dsRNA segments throughout the infection cycle; the rates of incorporation into each of the three segments were approx. constant for the first 15 to 20 min and then increased rapidly until 50 min after infection. The medium and small dsRNA segments were produced in greater amounts than the large dsRNA segment at all times in the infection cycle. Inhibition of host RNA and protein synthesis with rifampin and chloramphenicol revealed that virus dsRNA synthesis immediately after infection was independent of either host function. (+info)The PalkBFGHJKL promoter is under carbon catabolite repression control in Pseudomonas oleovorans but not in Escherichia coli alk+ recombinants. (4/4816)
The alk genes are located on the OCT plasmid of Pseudomonas oleovorans and encode an inducible pathway for the utilization of n-alkanes as carbon and energy sources. We have investigated the influence of alternative carbon sources on the induction of this pathway in P. oleovorans and Escherichia coli alk+ recombinants. In doing so, we confirmed earlier reports that induction of alkane hydroxylase activity in pseudomonads is subject to carbon catabolite repression. Specifically, synthesis of the monooxygenase component AlkB is repressed at the transcriptional level. The alk genes have been cloned into plasmid pGEc47, which has a copy number of about 5 to 10 per cell in both E. coli and pseudomonads. Pseudomonas putida GPo12 is a P. oleovorans derivative cured of the OCT plasmid. Upon introduction of pGEc47 in this strain, carbon catabolite repression of alkane hydroxylase activity was reduced significantly. In cultures of recombinant E. coli HB101 and W3110 carrying pGEc47, induction of AlkB and transcription of the alkB gene were no longer subject to carbon catabolite repression. This suggests that carbon catabolite repression of alkane degradation is regulated differently in Pseudomonas and in E. coli strains. These results also indicate that PalkBFGHJKL, the Palk promoter, might be useful in attaining high expression levels of heterologous genes in E. coli grown on inexpensive carbon sources which normally trigger carbon catabolite repression of native expression systems in this host. (+info)Purification and characterization of gentisate 1,2-dioxygenases from Pseudomonas alcaligenes NCIB 9867 and Pseudomonas putida NCIB 9869. (5/4816)
Two 3-hydroxybenzoate-inducible gentisate 1,2-dioxygenases were purified to homogeneity from Pseudomonas alcaligenes NCIB 9867 (P25X) and Pseudomonas putida NCIB 9869 (P35X), respectively. The estimated molecular mass of the purified P25X gentisate 1, 2-dioxygenase was 154 kDa, with a subunit mass of 39 kDa. Its structure is deduced to be a tetramer. The pI of this enzyme was established to be 4.8 to 5.0. The subunit mass of P35X gentisate 1, 2-dioxygenase was 41 kDa, and this enzyme was deduced to exist as a dimer, with a native molecular mass of about 82 kDa. The pI of P35X gentisate 1,2-dioxygenase was around 4.6 to 4.8. Both of the gentisate 1,2-dioxygenases exhibited typical saturation kinetics and had apparent Kms of 92 and 143 microM for gentisate, respectively. Broad substrate specificities were exhibited towards alkyl and halogenated gentisate analogs. Both enzymes had similar kinetic turnover characteristics for gentisate, with kcat/Km values of 44.08 x 10(4) s-1 M-1 for the P25X enzyme and 39.34 x 10(4) s-1 M-1 for the P35X enzyme. Higher kcat/Km values were expressed by both enzymes against the substituted gentisates. Significant differences were observed between the N-terminal sequences of the first 23 amino acid residues of the P25X and P35X gentisate 1,2-dioxygenases. The P25X gentisate 1,2-dioxygenase was stable between pH 5.0 and 7.5, with the optimal pH around 8.0. The P35X enzyme showed a pH stability range between 7.0 and 9.0, and the optimum pH was also 8.0. The optimal temperature for both P25X and P35X gentisate 1, 2-dioxygenases was around 50 degrees C, but the P35X enzyme was more heat stable than that from P25X. Both enzymes were strongly stimulated by 0.1 mM Fe2+ but were completely inhibited by the presence of 5 mM Cu2+. Partial inhibition of both enzymes was also observed with 5 mM Mn2+, Zn2+, and EDTA. (+info)Molecular characterization of the genes pcaG and pcaH, encoding protocatechuate 3,4-dioxygenase, which are essential for vanillin catabolism in Pseudomonas sp. strain HR199. (6/4816)
Pseudomonas sp. strain HR199 is able to utilize eugenol (4-allyl-2-methoxyphenol), vanillin (4-hydroxy-3-methoxybenzaldehyde), or protocatechuate as the sole carbon source for growth. Mutants of this strain which were impaired in the catabolism of vanillin but retained the ability to utilize eugenol or protocatechuate were obtained after nitrosoguanidine mutagenesis. One mutant (SK6169) was used as recipient of a Pseudomonas sp. strain HR199 genomic library in cosmid pVK100, and phenotypic complementation was achieved with a 5.8-kbp EcoRI fragment (E58). The amino acid sequences deduced from two corresponding open reading frames (ORF) identified on E58 revealed high degrees of homology to pcaG and pcaH, encoding the two subunits of protocatechuate 3,4-dioxygenase. Three additional ORF most probably encoded a 4-hydroxybenzoate 3-hydroxylase (PobA) and two putative regulatory proteins, which exhibited homology to PcaQ of Agrobacterium tumefaciens and PobR of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, respectively. Since mutant SK6169 was also complemented by a subfragment of E58 that harbored only pcaH, this mutant was most probably lacking a functional beta subunit of the protocatechuate 3, 4-dioxygenase. Since this mutant was still able to grow on protocatechuate and lacked protocatechuate 4,5-dioxygenase and protocatechuate 2,3-dioxygenase, the degradation had to be catalyzed by different enzymes. Two other mutants (SK6184 and SK6190), which were also impaired in the catabolism of vanillin, were not complemented by fragment E58. Since these mutants accumulated 3-carboxy muconolactone during cultivation on eugenol, they most probably exhibited a defect in a step of the catabolic pathway following the ortho cleavage. Moreover, in these mutants cyclization of 3-carboxymuconic acid seems to occur by a syn absolute stereochemical course, which is normally only observed for cis, cis-muconate lactonization in pseudomonads. In conclusion, vanillin is degraded through the ortho-cleavage pathway in Pseudomonas sp. strain HR199 whereas protocatechuate could also be metabolized via a different pathway in the mutants. (+info)Contrasting effects of a nonionic surfactant on the biotransformation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons to cis-dihydrodiols by soil bacteria. (7/4816)
The biotransformation of the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) naphthalene and phenanthrene was investigated by using two dioxygenase-expressing bacteria, Pseudomonas sp. strain 9816/11 and Sphingomonas yanoikuyae B8/36, under conditions which facilitate mass-transfer limited substrate oxidation. Both of these strains are mutants that accumulate cis-dihydrodiol metabolites under the reaction conditions used. The effects of the nonpolar solvent 2,2,4, 4,6,8,8-heptamethylnonane (HMN) and the nonionic surfactant Triton X-100 on the rate of accumulation of these metabolites were determined. HMN increased the rate of accumulation of metabolites for both microorganisms, with both substrates. The enhancement effect was most noticeable with phenanthrene, which has a lower aqueous solubility than naphthalene. Triton X-100 increased the rate of oxidation of the PAHs with strain 9816/11 with the effect being most noticeable when phenanthrene was used as a substrate. However, the surfactant inhibited the biotransformation of both naphthalene and phenanthrene with strain B8/36 under the same conditions. The observation that a nonionic surfactant could have such contrasting effects on PAH oxidation by different bacteria, which are known to be important for the degradation of these compounds in the environment, may explain why previous research on the application of the surfactants to PAH bioremediation has yielded inconclusive results. The surfactant inhibited growth of the wild-type strain S. yanoikuyae B1 on aromatic compounds but did not inhibit B8/36 dioxygenase enzyme activity in vitro. (+info)Evolution by small steps and rugged landscapes in the RNA virus phi6. (8/4816)
Fisher's geometric model of adaptive evolution argues that adaptive evolution should generally result from the substitution of many mutations of small effect because advantageous mutations of small effect should be more common than those of large effect. However, evidence for both evolution by small steps and for Fisher's model has been mixed. Here we report supporting results from a new experimental test of the model. We subjected the bacteriophage phi6 to intensified genetic drift in small populations and caused viral fitness to decline through the accumulation of a deleterious mutation. We then propagated the mutated virus at a range of larger population sizes and allowed fitness to recover by natural selection. Although fitness declined in one large step, it was usually recovered in smaller steps. More importantly, step size during recovery was smaller with decreasing size of the recovery population. These results confirm Fisher's main prediction that advantageous mutations of small effect should be more common. We also show that the advantageous mutations of small effect are compensatory mutations whose advantage is conditional (epistatic) on the presence of the deleterious mutation, in which case the adaptive landscape of phi6 is likely to be very rugged. (+info)Pseudomonas infections are challenging to treat due to the bacteria's ability to develop resistance against antibiotics. The treatment typically involves a combination of antibiotics and other supportive therapies, such as oxygen therapy or mechanical ventilation, to manage symptoms and prevent complications. In some cases, surgical intervention may be necessary to remove infected tissue or repair damaged organs.
Symptoms of cystic fibrosis can vary from person to person, but may include:
* Persistent coughing and wheezing
* Thick, sticky mucus that clogs airways and can lead to respiratory infections
* Difficulty gaining weight or growing at the expected rate
* Intestinal blockages or digestive problems
* Fatty stools
* Nausea and vomiting
* Diarrhea
* Rectal prolapse
* Increased risk of liver disease and respiratory failure
Cystic fibrosis is usually diagnosed in infancy, and treatment typically includes a combination of medications, respiratory therapy, and other supportive care. Management of the disease focuses on controlling symptoms, preventing complications, and improving quality of life. With proper treatment and care, many people with cystic fibrosis can lead long, fulfilling lives.
In summary, cystic fibrosis is a genetic disorder that affects the respiratory, digestive, and reproductive systems, causing thick and sticky mucus to build up in these organs, leading to serious health problems. It can be diagnosed in infancy and managed with a combination of medications, respiratory therapy, and other supportive care.
1. Conjunctivitis: This is an infection of the conjunctiva, which is the thin membrane that covers the white part of the eye and the inside of the eyelids. It is often caused by Streptococcus pneumoniae or Haemophilus influenzae bacteria.
2. Corneal ulcers: These are open sores that develop on the surface of the cornea, which is the clear dome-shaped surface at the front of the eye. Corneal ulcers can be caused by a variety of bacteria, including Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pyogenes.
3. Endophthalmitis: This is an infection that occurs inside the eye, often as a complication of cataract surgery or other types of ocular surgery. It can be caused by a variety of bacteria, including Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus epidermidis.
4. Keratitis: This is an infection of the cornea that can be caused by a variety of bacteria, including Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Acinetobacter baumannii.
5. Retinitis: This is an infection of the retina, which is the layer of tissue at the back of the eye that senses light and sends visual signals to the brain. Retinitis can be caused by a variety of bacteria, including Haemophilus influenzae and Streptococcus pneumoniae.
Bacterial eye infections can cause a range of symptoms, including redness, swelling, discharge, pain, and blurred vision. Treatment typically involves antibiotic eye drops or ointments, and in more severe cases, oral antibiotics may be prescribed. It is important to seek medical attention if you experience any symptoms of a bacterial eye infection, as early treatment can help prevent complications and improve outcomes.
The most common bacteria that cause pneumonia are Streptococcus pneumoniae (also known as pneumococcus), Haemophilus influenzae, and Staphylococcus aureus. These bacteria can infect the lungs through various routes, including respiratory droplets, contaminated food or water, or direct contact with an infected person.
Symptoms of pneumonia may include cough, fever, chills, shortness of breath, and chest pain. In severe cases, pneumonia can lead to serious complications such as respiratory failure, sepsis, and death.
Diagnosis of pneumonia typically involves a physical examination, medical history, and diagnostic tests such as chest X-rays or blood cultures. Treatment typically involves antibiotics to eliminate the infection, as well as supportive care to manage symptoms and prevent complications. Vaccines are also available to protect against certain types of bacterial pneumonia, particularly in children and older adults.
Preventative measures for bacterial pneumonia include:
* Getting vaccinated against Streptococcus pneumoniae and Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib)
* Practicing good hygiene, such as washing hands regularly and covering the mouth and nose when coughing or sneezing
* Avoiding close contact with people who are sick
* Staying hydrated and getting enough rest
* Quitting smoking, if applicable
* Managing underlying medical conditions, such as diabetes or heart disease
It is important to seek medical attention promptly if symptoms of pneumonia develop, particularly in high-risk populations. Early diagnosis and treatment can help prevent serious complications and improve outcomes for patients with bacterial pneumonia.
The symptoms of a corneal ulcer may include:
* Pain or discomfort in the eye
* Redness and swelling of the eye
* Discharge or pus in the eye
* Blurred vision or sensitivity to light
* A feeling that there is something in the eye
If left untreated, a corneal ulcer can lead to complications such as:
* Perforation of the cornea
* Inflammation of the iris (iritis)
* Inflammation of the retina (retinitis)
* Vision loss or blindness
Treatment of a corneal ulcer typically involves antibiotic eye drops or ointments to treat any underlying bacterial infection, as well as supportive care to manage pain and promote healing. In severe cases, surgery may be necessary to remove the damaged tissue and promote healing.
Prevention of corneal ulcers includes good hygiene, proper use of contact lenses, and avoiding touching or rubbing the eyes. Early detection and treatment are key to preventing complications and preserving vision.
In medicine, cross-infection refers to the transmission of an infectious agent from one individual or source to another, often through direct contact or indirect exposure. This type of transmission can occur in various settings, such as hospitals, clinics, and long-term care facilities, where patients with compromised immune systems are more susceptible to infection.
Cross-infection can occur through a variety of means, including:
1. Person-to-person contact: Direct contact with an infected individual, such as touching, hugging, or shaking hands.
2. Contaminated surfaces and objects: Touching contaminated surfaces or objects that have been touched by an infected individual, such as doorknobs, furniture, or medical equipment.
3. Airborne transmission: Inhaling droplets or aerosolized particles that contain the infectious agent, such as during coughing or sneezing.
4. Contaminated food and water: Consuming food or drinks that have been handled by an infected individual or contaminated with the infectious agent.
5. Insect vectors: Mosquitoes, ticks, or other insects can transmit infections through their bites.
Cross-infection is a significant concern in healthcare settings, as it can lead to outbreaks of nosocomial infections (infections acquired in hospitals) and can spread rapidly among patients, healthcare workers, and visitors. To prevent cross-infection, healthcare providers use strict infection control measures, such as wearing personal protective equipment (PPE), thoroughly cleaning and disinfecting surfaces, and implementing isolation precautions for infected individuals.
In summary, cross-infection refers to the transmission of an infectious agent from one individual or source to another, often through direct contact or indirect exposure in healthcare settings. Preventing cross-infection is essential to maintaining a safe and healthy environment for patients, healthcare workers, and visitors.
Symptoms of wound infection may include:
* Redness, swelling, or increased pain around the wound
* Increased drainage or pus from the wound
* Bad smell or discharge from the wound
* Fever or chills
* Swollen lymph nodes
Treatment of wound infection usually involves antibiotics and may require surgical intervention to remove infected tissue. It is important to practice good wound care, such as keeping the wound clean and dry, changing dressings regularly, and monitoring for signs of infection to prevent the development of a wound infection.
Preventive measures include:
* Proper sterilization and technique during surgery or medical procedures
* Keeping the wound site clean and dry
* Removing any dead tissue or debris from the wound
* Using antibiotic ointment or cream to prevent infection
* Covering the wound with a sterile dressing
If you suspect that you have a wound infection, it is important to seek medical attention as soon as possible. A healthcare professional can evaluate the wound and provide appropriate treatment to prevent further complications.
Some common examples of bacterial infections include:
1. Urinary tract infections (UTIs)
2. Respiratory infections such as pneumonia and bronchitis
3. Skin infections such as cellulitis and abscesses
4. Bone and joint infections such as osteomyelitis
5. Infected wounds or burns
6. Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) such as chlamydia and gonorrhea
7. Food poisoning caused by bacteria such as salmonella and E. coli.
In severe cases, bacterial infections can lead to life-threatening complications such as sepsis or blood poisoning. It is important to seek medical attention if symptoms persist or worsen over time. Proper diagnosis and treatment can help prevent these complications and ensure a full recovery.
Gram-negative bacterial infections can be difficult to treat because these bacteria are resistant to many antibiotics. In addition, some gram-negative bacteria produce enzymes called beta-lactamases, which break down the penicillin ring of many antibiotics, making them ineffective against the infection.
Some common types of gram-negative bacterial infections include:
* Pneumonia
* Urinary tract infections (UTIs)
* Bloodstream infections (sepsis)
* Meningitis
* Skin and soft tissue infections
* Respiratory infections, such as bronchitis and sinusitis
Examples of gram-negative bacteria that can cause infection include:
* Escherichia coli (E. coli)
* Klebsiella pneumoniae
* Pseudomonas aeruginosa
* Acinetobacter baumannii
* Proteus mirabilis
Gram-negative bacterial infections can be diagnosed through a variety of tests, including blood cultures, urine cultures, and tissue samples. Treatment typically involves the use of broad-spectrum antibiotics, such as carbapenems or cephalosporins, which are effective against many types of gram-negative bacteria. In some cases, the infection may require hospitalization and intensive care to manage complications such as sepsis or organ failure.
Prevention of gram-negative bacterial infections includes good hand hygiene, proper use of personal protective equipment (PPE), and appropriate use of antibiotics. In healthcare settings, infection control measures such as sterilization and disinfection of equipment, and isolation precautions for patients with known gram-negative bacterial infections can help prevent the spread of these infections.
Overall, gram-negative bacterial infections are a significant public health concern, and proper diagnosis and treatment are essential to prevent complications and reduce the risk of transmission.
First-degree burns are the mildest form of burn and affect only the outer layer of the skin. They are characterized by redness, swelling, and pain but do not blister or scar. Examples of first-degree burns include sunburns and minor scalds from hot liquids.
Second-degree burns are more severe and affect both the outer and inner layers of the skin. They can cause blisters, redness, swelling, and pain, and may lead to infection. Second-degree burns can be further classified into two subtypes: partial thickness burns (where the skin is damaged but not completely destroyed) and full thickness burns (where the skin is completely destroyed).
Third-degree burns are the most severe and affect all layers of the skin and underlying tissues. They can cause charring of the skin, loss of function, and may lead to infection or even death.
There are several ways to treat burns, including:
1. Cooling the burn with cool water or a cold compress to reduce heat and prevent further damage.
2. Keeping the burn clean and dry to prevent infection.
3. Applying topical creams or ointments to help soothe and heal the burn.
4. Taking pain medication to manage discomfort.
5. In severe cases, undergoing surgery to remove damaged tissue and promote healing.
Prevention is key when it comes to burns. Some ways to prevent burns include:
1. Being cautious when handling hot objects or substances.
2. Keeping a safe distance from open flames or sparks.
3. Wearing protective clothing, such as gloves and long sleeves, when working with hot materials.
4. Keeping children away from hot surfaces and substances.
5. Installing smoke detectors and fire extinguishers in the home to reduce the risk of fires.
Overall, burns can be a serious condition that requires prompt medical attention. By understanding the causes, symptoms, and treatments for burns, individuals can take steps to prevent them and seek help if they do occur.
Bronchopneumonia is a serious condition that can lead to respiratory failure and other complications if left untreated. It is important for individuals with bronchopneumonia to seek medical attention promptly if they experience any worsening symptoms or signs of infection, such as increased fever or difficulty breathing.
Bronchopneumonia can be caused by a variety of factors, including bacterial and viral infections, and can affect individuals of all ages. It is most common in young children and the elderly, as well as those with pre-existing respiratory conditions such as asthma or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).
Treatment for bronchopneumonia typically involves antibiotics to treat any bacterial infections, as well as supportive care to help manage symptoms and improve lung function. In severe cases, hospitalization may be necessary to provide more intensive treatment and monitoring.
In addition to antibiotics and supportive care, other treatments for bronchopneumonia may include:
* Oxygen therapy to help increase oxygen levels in the blood
* Pain management medications to relieve chest pain and fever
* Breathing exercises and pulmonary rehabilitation to improve lung function
* Rest and relaxation to help the body recover
Prevention is key in avoiding bronchopneumonia, and this can be achieved through:
* Good hand hygiene and respiratory etiquette
* Avoiding close contact with individuals who are sick
* Getting vaccinated against pneumococcal disease and the flu
* Practicing good hygiene during travel to avoid exposure to respiratory infections.
In conclusion, bronchopneumonia is a serious condition that can be caused by a variety of factors and can affect individuals of all ages. Treatment typically involves antibiotics and supportive care, and prevention strategies include good hygiene practices and vaccination. With proper treatment and care, individuals with bronchopneumonia can recover and lead active lives.
If left untreated, folliculitis can lead to more serious infections such as boils or abscesses, which may require surgical drainage. It is also possible for folliculitis to cause scarring and permanent hair loss if the inflammation damages the hair follicle.
While anyone can develop folliculitis, it is more common in people with oily skin or those who wear tight clothing or heavy makeup that can clog pores and irritate the skin. Additionally, certain medical conditions such as diabetes, HIV/AIDS, and cancer can increase the risk of developing folliculitis.
Folliculitis is usually diagnosed through a physical examination and may require a biopsy to rule out other skin conditions. Treatment options for folliculitis depend on the severity and cause of the condition, but may include antibiotics, topical creams, or oral medications. It is important to seek medical attention if symptoms persist or worsen over time, as early treatment can help prevent complications and improve outcomes.
Bacteremia can occur when bacteria enter the bloodstream through various means, such as:
* Infected wounds or surgical sites
* Injecting drug use
* Skin infections
* Respiratory tract infections
* Urinary tract infections
* Endocarditis (infection of the heart valves)
The symptoms of bacteremia can vary depending on the type of bacteria and the severity of the infection. Some common symptoms include:
* Fever
* Chills
* Headache
* Muscle aches
* Weakness
* Confusion
* Shortness of breath
Bacteremia is diagnosed by blood cultures, which involve collecting blood samples and inserting them into a specialized container to grow the bacteria. Treatment typically involves antibiotics and supportive care, such as intravenous fluids and oxygen therapy. In severe cases, hospitalization may be necessary to monitor and treat the infection.
Prevention measures for bacteremia include:
* Practicing good hygiene, such as washing hands regularly
* Avoiding sharing personal items like toothbrushes or razors
* Properly cleaning and covering wounds
* Getting vaccinated against infections that can lead to bacteremia
* Following proper sterilization techniques during medical procedures
Overall, bacteremia is a serious condition that requires prompt medical attention to prevent complications and ensure effective treatment.
Here are some key points to define sepsis:
1. Inflammatory response: Sepsis is characterized by an excessive and uncontrolled inflammatory response to an infection. This can lead to tissue damage and organ dysfunction.
2. Systemic symptoms: Patients with sepsis often have systemic symptoms such as fever, chills, rapid heart rate, and confusion. They may also experience nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea.
3. Organ dysfunction: Sepsis can cause dysfunction in multiple organs, including the lungs, kidneys, liver, and heart. This can lead to organ failure and death if not treated promptly.
4. Infection source: Sepsis is usually caused by a bacterial infection, but it can also be caused by fungal or viral infections. The infection can be localized or widespread, and it can affect different parts of the body.
5. Severe sepsis: Severe sepsis is a more severe form of sepsis that is characterized by severe organ dysfunction and a higher risk of death. Patients with severe sepsis may require intensive care unit (ICU) admission and mechanical ventilation.
6. Septic shock: Septic shock is a life-threatening condition that occurs when there is severe circulatory dysfunction due to sepsis. It is characterized by hypotension, vasopressor use, and organ failure.
Early recognition and treatment of sepsis are critical to preventing serious complications and improving outcomes. The Sepsis-3 definition is widely used in clinical practice to diagnose sepsis and severe sepsis.
Some common types of lung diseases include:
1. Asthma: A chronic condition characterized by inflammation and narrowing of the airways, leading to wheezing, coughing, and shortness of breath.
2. Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD): A progressive condition that causes chronic inflammation and damage to the airways and lungs, making it difficult to breathe.
3. Pneumonia: An infection of the lungs that can be caused by bacteria, viruses, or fungi, leading to fever, chills, coughing, and difficulty breathing.
4. Bronchiectasis: A condition where the airways are damaged and widened, leading to chronic infections and inflammation.
5. Pulmonary Fibrosis: A condition where the lungs become scarred and stiff, making it difficult to breathe.
6. Lung Cancer: A malignant tumor that develops in the lungs, often caused by smoking or exposure to carcinogens.
7. Cystic Fibrosis: A genetic disorder that affects the respiratory and digestive systems, leading to chronic infections and inflammation in the lungs.
8. Tuberculosis (TB): An infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium Tuberculosis, which primarily affects the lungs but can also affect other parts of the body.
9. Pulmonary Embolism: A blockage in one of the arteries in the lungs, often caused by a blood clot that has traveled from another part of the body.
10. Sarcoidosis: An inflammatory disease that affects various organs in the body, including the lungs, leading to the formation of granulomas and scarring.
These are just a few examples of conditions that can affect the lungs and respiratory system. It's important to note that many of these conditions can be treated with medication, therapy, or surgery, but early detection is key to successful treatment outcomes.
The hallmark symptoms of bronchiectasis are chronic cough, recurrent respiratory tract infections, and excessive mucus production. These symptoms can significantly impact quality of life, and if left untreated, the disease can progress to severe respiratory failure and other complications such as pulmonary hypertension.
Bronchiectasis is most commonly caused by recurrent lower respiratory tract infections, such as those caused by Pneumocystis jirovecii (formerly known as Pneumocystis carinii) and Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib). Other risk factors for developing bronchiectasis include a history of childhood respiratory infections, exposure to tobacco smoke, and underlying conditions such as cystic fibrosis or primary immunodeficiency disorders.
Diagnosis of bronchiectasis typically involves a combination of clinical evaluation, radiologic imaging (such as high-resolution computed tomography, or HRCT), and pulmonary function tests. Treatment options for bronchiectasis include antibiotics to manage infections, bronchodilators to improve lung function, and airway clearance techniques such as chest physical therapy and pulmonary rehabilitation. In severe cases, lung transplantation may be considered.
Preventive measures for bronchiectasis include prompt treatment of respiratory infections, avoiding exposure to environmental irritants such as tobacco smoke, and managing underlying conditions that increase the risk of developing the disease. Early diagnosis and aggressive management of bronchiectasis can help slow disease progression, improve quality of life, and reduce the risk of complications such as respiratory failure and lung cancer.
Symptoms of otitis externa may include:
* Ear pain or tenderness
* Redness and swelling of the ear canal
* Discharge or pus in the ear canal
* Itching or burning sensation in the ear canal
* Fever or chills
* Difficulty hearing or feeling as if the ear is clogged
Otitis externa can be diagnosed by a healthcare professional through a physical examination of the ear canal and may also involve a pus sample or imaging tests such as X-rays or CT scans to rule out other conditions. Treatment options for otitis externa may include antibiotics, anti-inflammatory medications, or topical creams or drops to reduce pain and inflammation. In severe cases, surgery may be necessary to remove any infected tissue or debris from the ear canal.
Prevention of otitis externa includes avoiding exposure to moisture, using earplugs when swimming or showering, and keeping the ears clean and dry. If you suspect you have otitis externa, it is important to seek medical attention promptly to prevent complications such as mastoiditis or meningitis.
Pseudomonas
Pseudomonas viridiflava
Pseudomonas excibis
Pseudomonas orientalis
Pseudomonas thivervalensis
Pseudomonas tremae
Pseudomonas suis
Pseudomonas meridiana
Pseudomonas antarctica
Pseudomonas alcaligenes
Pseudomonas abietaniphila
Pseudomonas boreopolis
Pseudomonas balearica
Pseudomonas denitrificans
Pseudomonas synxantha
Pseudomonas psychrophila
Pseudomonas congelans
Pseudomonas exotoxin
Pseudomonas simiae
Pseudomonas indica
Pseudomonas proteolytica
Pseudomonas azotifigens
Pseudomonas infection
Pseudomonas cremoricolorata
Pseudomonas fuscovaginae
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Pseudomonas bathycetes
Pseudomonas chlororaphis
Pseudomonas veronii
Pseudomonas costantinii
Pseudomonas aeruginosa Infection | HAI | CDC
Taxonomy browser (Pseudomonas fluorescens)
Pseudomonas Infection Medication: Antibiotics
Pseudomonas | BabyCenter
Etymologia: Pseudomonas - Volume 18, Number 8-August 2012 - Emerging Infectious Diseases journal - CDC
Pseudomonas Genome Database
Evaluation of a new definition for chronic Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection in cystic fibrosis patients
4-hydroxyacetophenone monooxygenase (Pseudomonas putida) | Protein Target - PubChem
Health Alert Network (HAN) - 00485 | Outbreak of Extensively Drug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa Associated with Artificial...
Pseudomonas sax genes overcome aliphatic isothiocyanate-mediated non-host resistance in Arabidopsis | John Innes Centre
Molecules | Free Full-Text | Design and Synthesis of Lactams Derived from Mucochloric and Mucobromic Acids as Pseudomonas...
APS -APS March Meeting 2016
- Event - Effects of physical factors on the swarming motility of text it{Pseudomonas aeruginosa}
Percent dry weight of bacterial cells - Bacteria Pseudomonas putida - BNID 108226
Health Alert Network (HAN) - 00485 | Outbreak of Extensively Drug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa Associated with Artificial...
Persistent pseudomonas aeruginosa infection in a child with cystic fibrosis - how to manage? | Pediatric Oncall Journal
Всемирная организация здравоохранения. Руководство по профилактике и борьбе с карбапенем-резистентными Enterobacteriaceae,...
Potency of Two Ear Cleansers In vitro Against Staphylococcus Intermedius, Pseudomonas Aeruginosa and Malassezia Pachydermatis -...
pseudomonas | ICaMB - Inside Cells and Molecules Blog
Association between mucosal barrier disruption by Pseudomonas aeruginosa exoproteins and asthma in patients with chronic...
WHO EMRO | Prevalence and antibiotic resistance of Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from swimming pools in northern Greece |...
Long term safety of inhaled tobramycin to treat Pseudomonas Aeruginosa infection in people With CF | European Cystic Fibrosis...
Combined application of Pseudomonas biocontrol agents and elicitors for thecontrol of postharvest decay of citrus fruit - IOBC...
The interplay between Pseudomonas aeruginosa and human macrophages and neutrophils - Nottingham ePrints
Factors affecting catalase expression in pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilms and planktonic cells
The opportunistic pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa activates the DNA double-strand break signaling and repair pathway in...
Generation of ionic liquid tolerant Pseudomonas putida KT2440 strains via adaptive laboratory evolution
Refubium - Protein-observed 19F NMR of LecA from Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Pseudomonas aeruginosa: A model for biofilm formation
The ptsP gene encoding the PTS family protein EL^|Ntr| is essential for dimethyl sulfone utilization by Pseudomonas putida |...
Opportunistic6
- ABSTRACT Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an important agent of opportunistic infection in aquatic environments. (who.int)
- Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA) is an opportunistic pathogen that can cause infections in patients with compromised immunity including patients with neutropenia, HIV infection, burns, cancer, organ transplant surgery or in intensive care as well as Cystic Fibrosis (CF) patients. (nottingham.ac.uk)
- The opportunistic pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa activates the DNA double-strand break signaling and repair pathway in infected cells. (inserm.fr)
- We have investigated the genotoxic potential of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, an opportunistic pathogen causing devastating nosocomial infections in cystic fibrosis or immunocompromised patients. (inserm.fr)
- Here, by directly examining bacterial gene expression in human -derived samples, we discover a gene that orchestrates the transition between chronic and acute infection in the opportunistic pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa . (bvsalud.org)
- Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an opportunistic pathogen often causing nosocomial infections that are resilient to treatment due to an extensive repertoire of intrinsic and acquired resistance mechanisms. (who.int)
Infections13
- Of the many different types of Pseudomonas , the one that most often causes infections in humans is called Pseudomonas aeruginosa , which can cause infections in the blood, lungs (pneumonia), or other parts of the body after surgery. (cdc.gov)
- In 2017, multidrug-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa caused an estimated 32,600 infections among hospitalized patients and 2,700 estimated deaths in the United States [ Source: 2019 AR Threats Report ]. (cdc.gov)
- Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections are generally treated with antibiotics. (cdc.gov)
- Unfortunately, in people exposed to healthcare settings like hospitals or nursing homes, Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections are becoming more difficult to treat because of increasing antibiotic resistance. (cdc.gov)
- CDC tracks Pseudomonas aeruginosa and the infections this germ can cause, including antibiotic-resistant infections. (cdc.gov)
- Learn more about how CDC's Antibiotic Resistance Laboratory Network detects highly resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections. (cdc.gov)
- Pseudomonas should be considered in the differential diagnoses in any probable Gram-negative infections. (medscape.com)
- Bacterial infections, particularly hospital-acquired infections caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa , have become a global threat with a high mortality rate. (mdpi.com)
- The common presentations are meconium ileum in neonates, recurrent lower respiratory tract infections (Pseudomonas spp pneumonia, bronchiectasis), steatorrhoea, azoospermia, and in late stages hepatobiliary and endocrine pancreatic dysfunctions. (pediatriconcall.com)
- Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections and biofilms have been implicated in recalcitrant CRS. (physiciansweekly.com)
- The carbohydrate-binding protein LecA (PA-IL) from Pseudomonas aeruginosa plays an important role in the formation of biofilms in chronic infections. (fu-berlin.de)
- Pseudomonas aeruginosa has been implicated in several nosocomial infections , where it has caused grave complications in immunocompromised patients . (bvsalud.org)
- For more information, please go to Enterobacter Infections , Urinary Tract Infection (UTI) and Cystitis (Bladder Infection) in Females , Urinary Tract Infection in Males , Pseudomonas aeruginosa Infections , and Acinetobacter . (medscape.com)
Infection4
- Desai L, Shah I. Persistent Pseudomonas Aeruginosa Infection in a child with Cystic Fibrosis - How to manage? (pediatriconcall.com)
- When used as a treatment for long term (chronic) Pseudomonas lung infection, tobramycin inhalation powder used twice a day, on a month on-month off basis over 1 year, continues to appear effective and safe. (ecfs.eu)
- Previous studies have shown it to have similar effectiveness to nebulised tobramycin solution for inhalation for people with chronic Pseudomonas lung infection. (ecfs.eu)
- A Pseudomonas aeruginosa small RNA regulates chronic and acute infection. (bvsalud.org)
Fluorescens2
- In parallel efforts, a quantitative competitive PCR method developed based on the Pseudomonas-specific PCR was applied to quantify total P. fluorescens cells in contaminated metalworking fluid and MWF aerosol without culturing. (cdc.gov)
- An organism with 95.5 percent sequence identity to Pseudomonas fluorescens was isolated on Mueller-Hinton agar. (cdc.gov)
Isolates2
- Epi-Otic killed all 5 of the Pseudomonas isolates within 1 minute, both undiluted and at 1/5 dilution. (vin.com)
- Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates from this sample site showed the highest (100%) resistance to cephalosporins ( cefuroxime ) and nitrofurantoin . (bvsalud.org)
Multidrug-resistant1
- For some multidrug-resistant types of Pseudomonas aeruginosa , treatment options might be limited. (cdc.gov)
Genome2
- If you have used this database, please ensure that you acknowledge this most recent Pseudomonas Genome Database publication rather than just the website URL. (pseudomonas.com)
- Enhanced annotations and features for comparing thousands of Pseudomonas genomes in the Pseudomonas genome database. (pseudomonas.com)
Biofilms5
- Previous work with Pseudomonas aeruginosa showed that catalase activity in biofilms was significantly reduced relative to that in planktonic cells. (montana.edu)
- Pseudomonas aeruginosa has become a model organism for the study of biofilms due to its metabolic versatility and variability in its response to environmental signals, which promotes successful colonization of different habitats and growth under varying environmental conditions [12,13]. (edu.au)
- The functioning of the EPS matrix in holding cells of Pseudomonas aeruginosa together and forming the mature biofilms. (ukessays.com)
- The exopolysaccharide genes such as pilB, pslA, lecA, ureB and alginate genes are responsible for the formation of pseudomonas biofilms. (ukessays.com)
- The microcarriers made up of dextrons in the range of 60-90µm in size are used as a surface for Pseudomonas aeruginosa to form biofilms. (ukessays.com)
Organism1
- Using \textit{Pseudomonas aeruginosa} as a model organism, we investigate physical factors that either facilitate or restrict the swarming motility. (aps.org)
Bacteria3
- Pseudomonas is a type of bacteria (germ) that is found commonly in the environment, like in soil and in water. (cdc.gov)
- Pseudomonas aeruginosa is the gram negative rod shaped bacteria is found in all natural and man made environments. (ukessays.com)
- Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a member of gamma proteobacteria class of bacteria. (ukessays.com)
Cystic1
- 5) Pseudomonas aeruginosa colonization is highly prevalent in the lungs of cystic fibrosis patients and leads to progressive pulmonary function decline and its eradication is particularly challenging. (pediatriconcall.com)
Sputum2
- Her sputum cultures subsequently grew Bukholderia cepacia, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Pseudomonas aeruginosa over the next few months. (pediatriconcall.com)
- Her sputum cultures continued to grow Pseudomonas aeruginosa on and off. (pediatriconcall.com)
Chronic1
- Association between mucosal barrier disruption by Pseudomonas aeruginosa exoproteins and asthma in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis. (physiciansweekly.com)
Species1
- PCR in combination with amplicon DNA sequencing led to the identification of Mycobacterium chelonae, Pseudomonas nitroreducens, and an undefined Pseudomonas species from these fluid s. (cdc.gov)
18941
- In 1894, German botanist Walter Migula coined the term Pseudomonas for a genus he described as, "Cells with polar organs of motility. (cdc.gov)
Gram-negative1
- Pseudomonas aeruginosa belongs to a vast genus of obligate aerobic, non-fermenting, saprophytic, Gram-negative bacilli widespread in nature, particularly in moist environments such as water, sewage, soil, plants and animals [1]. (who.int)
Genus1
- The potent activity of Epi-Otic against Pseudomonas is also of special interest in view of the increasing resistance shown by this genus against antimicrobials that may be used following cleansing agents in the therapy of otitis externa. (vin.com)
Cells1
- However, the description of Pseudomonas as "false unit" does not make much sense, and an alternative explanation posits that Migula "had not traced directly the Greek ancestry of the name, but had simply created the name Pseudomonas for the resemblance of the cells to those of the nanoflagellate Monas in both size and active motility. (cdc.gov)
Patients1
- Staphylococcus aureus and Haemophilus Influenzae colonization is common during early childhood but ultimately Pseudomonas aeruginosa is isolated from CF patients due to impaired clearance directly induced by a defective CFTR gene. (pediatriconcall.com)
Associated Pseudomonas aeruginosa2
- Pool-associated Pseudomonas aeruginosa dermatitis and other bathing-associated infections. (medscape.com)
- Fox AB, Hambrick GW Jr. Recreationally associated Pseudomonas aeruginosa folliculitis. (medscape.com)
Aeruginosa isolated1
- Characteristics of Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from whirlpools and bathers. (medscape.com)
Cepacia1
- Pseudomonas cepacia. (nih.gov)
Outbreak2
- Whirlpool-associated folliculitis caused by Pseudomonas aeruginosa: report of an outbreak and review. (medscape.com)
- Evans MR, Wilkinson EJ, Jones R, Mathias K, Lenartowicz P. Presumed Pseudomonas folliculitis outbreak in children following an outdoor games event. (medscape.com)
Bacteremia1
- Severe catheter related bacteremia due to Pseudomonas luteola. (nih.gov)
Bacterial2
- As an initial approach to answer these questions our laboratory is carrying out experiments on fungal-bacterial interactions, focussing on the bacterium Pseudomonas aeruginosa. (nih.gov)
- Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PA)-induced keratitis is one of the most common and destructive bacterial diseases. (sigmaaldrich.com)
Resistant1
- For some multidrug-resistant types of Pseudomonas aeruginosa , treatment options might be limited. (cdc.gov)
Resistance1
- NLRC3 promotes host resistance against Pseudomonas aeruginosa-induced keratitis by promoting the degradation of IRAK1. (sigmaaldrich.com)
Classification1
- Serological classification of Xanthomonas maltophilia (Pseudomonas maltophilia) based on heat-stable O antigens. (nih.gov)
Case2
- We report a case of Pseudomonas pyarthrosis in a man who was otherwise immunocompetent, except for his age. (medscape.com)
- This report describes a case of Pseudomonas pyarthrosis in a host who was not an intravenous drug abuser, and was fully immunocompetent. (medscape.com)
Water2
- Pseudomonas aeruginosa lives in the environment and can be spread to people in healthcare settings when they are exposed to water or soil that is contaminated with these germs. (cdc.gov)
- Healthcare facilities should have water management plans (see Reduce Risk from Water ) that help ensure water quality and reduce the risk of exposure to potentially harmful germs like Pseudomonas aeruginosa . (cdc.gov)
False1
- However, the description of Pseudomonas as "false unit" does not make much sense, and an alternative explanation posits that Migula "had not traced directly the Greek ancestry of the name, but had simply created the name Pseudomonas for the resemblance of the cells to those of the nanoflagellate Monas in both size and active motility. (cdc.gov)
Common1
- Pseudomonas aeruginosa colonization reportedly occurs in more than 50% of humans, and P aeruginosa is the most common pseudomonal species. (medscape.com)