The protein complement of an organism coded for by its genome.
The systematic study of the complete complement of proteins (PROTEOME) of organisms.
Electrophoresis in which a second perpendicular electrophoretic transport is performed on the separate components resulting from the first electrophoresis. This technique is usually performed on polyacrylamide gels.
An analytical method used in determining the identity of a chemical based on its mass using mass analyzers/mass spectrometers.
Chromatographic techniques in which the mobile phase is a liquid.
A mass spectrometry technique using two (MS/MS) or more mass analyzers. With two in tandem, the precursor ions are mass-selected by a first mass analyzer, and focused into a collision region where they are then fragmented into product ions which are then characterized by a second mass analyzer. A variety of techniques are used to separate the compounds, ionize them, and introduce them to the first mass analyzer. For example, for in GC-MS/MS, GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY-MASS SPECTROMETRY is involved in separating relatively small compounds by GAS CHROMATOGRAPHY prior to injecting them into an ionization chamber for the mass selection.
A mass spectrometric technique that is used for the analysis of large biomolecules. Analyte molecules are embedded in an excess matrix of small organic molecules that show a high resonant absorption at the laser wavelength used. The matrix absorbs the laser energy, thus inducing a soft disintegration of the sample-matrix mixture into free (gas phase) matrix and analyte molecules and molecular ions. In general, only molecular ions of the analyte molecules are produced, and almost no fragmentation occurs. This makes the method well suited for molecular weight determinations and mixture analysis.
Ligand-binding assays that measure protein-protein, protein-small molecule, or protein-nucleic acid interactions using a very large set of capturing molecules, i.e., those attached separately on a solid support, to measure the presence or interaction of target molecules in the sample.
Databases containing information about PROTEINS such as AMINO ACID SEQUENCE; PROTEIN CONFORMATION; and other properties.
Methods of comparing two or more samples on the same two-dimensional gel electrophoresis gel.
Techniques for labeling a substance with a stable or radioactive isotope. It is not used for articles involving labeled substances unless the methods of labeling are substantively discussed. Tracers that may be labeled include chemical substances, cells, or microorganisms.
A field of biology concerned with the development of techniques for the collection and manipulation of biological data, and the use of such data to make biological discoveries or predictions. This field encompasses all computational methods and theories for solving biological problems including manipulation of models and datasets.
Linear POLYPEPTIDES that are synthesized on RIBOSOMES and may be further modified, crosslinked, cleaved, or assembled into complex proteins with several subunits. The specific sequence of AMINO ACIDS determines the shape the polypeptide will take, during PROTEIN FOLDING, and the function of the protein.
Separation of a mixture in successive stages, each stage removing from the mixture some proportion of one of the substances, for example by differential solubility in water-solvent mixtures. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)
Proteins that are present in blood serum, including SERUM ALBUMIN; BLOOD COAGULATION FACTORS; and many other types of proteins.
The determination of the pattern of genes expressed at the level of GENETIC TRANSCRIPTION, under specific circumstances or in a specific cell.
Proteins found in any species of bacterium.
A mass spectrometry technique used for analysis of nonvolatile compounds such as proteins and macromolecules. The technique involves preparing electrically charged droplets from analyte molecules dissolved in solvent. The electrically charged droplets enter a vacuum chamber where the solvent is evaporated. Evaporation of solvent reduces the droplet size, thereby increasing the coulombic repulsion within the droplet. As the charged droplets get smaller, the excess charge within them causes them to disintegrate and release analyte molecules. The volatilized analyte molecules are then analyzed by mass spectrometry.
A process that includes the determination of AMINO ACID SEQUENCE of a protein (or peptide, oligopeptide or peptide fragment) and the information analysis of the sequence.
Descriptions of specific amino acid, carbohydrate, or nucleotide sequences which have appeared in the published literature and/or are deposited in and maintained by databanks such as GENBANK, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), National Biomedical Research Foundation (NBRF), or other sequence repositories.
The order of amino acids as they occur in a polypeptide chain. This is referred to as the primary structure of proteins. It is of fundamental importance in determining PROTEIN CONFORMATION.
The pattern of GENE EXPRESSION at the level of genetic transcription in a specific organism or under specific circumstances in specific cells.
Members of the class of compounds composed of AMINO ACIDS joined together by peptide bonds between adjacent amino acids into linear, branched or cyclical structures. OLIGOPEPTIDES are composed of approximately 2-12 amino acids. Polypeptides are composed of approximately 13 or more amino acids. PROTEINS are linear polypeptides that are normally synthesized on RIBOSOMES.
Analysis of PEPTIDES that are generated from the digestion or fragmentation of a protein or mixture of PROTEINS, by ELECTROPHORESIS; CHROMATOGRAPHY; or MASS SPECTROMETRY. The resulting peptide fingerprints are analyzed for a variety of purposes including the identification of the proteins in a sample, GENETIC POLYMORPHISMS, patterns of gene expression, and patterns diagnostic for diseases.
Proteins found in plants (flowers, herbs, shrubs, trees, etc.). The concept does not include proteins found in vegetables for which VEGETABLE PROTEINS is available.
Complex sets of enzymatic reactions connected to each other via their product and substrate metabolites.
Graphs representing sets of measurable, non-covalent physical contacts with specific PROTEINS in living organisms or in cells.
The addition of descriptive information about the function or structure of a molecular sequence to its MOLECULAR SEQUENCE DATA record.
Methods for determining interaction between PROTEINS.
The statistical reproducibility of measurements (often in a clinical context), including the testing of instrumentation or techniques to obtain reproducible results. The concept includes reproducibility of physiological measurements, which may be used to develop rules to assess probability or prognosis, or response to a stimulus; reproducibility of occurrence of a condition; and reproducibility of experimental results.

Scanning the available Dictyostelium discoideum proteome for O-linked GlcNAc glycosylation sites using neural networks. (1/6804)

Dictyostelium discoideum has been suggested as a eukaryotic model organism for glycobiology studies. Presently, the characteristics of acceptor sites for the N-acetylglucosaminyl-transferases in Dictyostelium discoideum, which link GlcNAc in an alpha linkage to hydroxyl residues, are largely unknown. This motivates the development of a species specific method for prediction of O-linked GlcNAc glycosylation sites in secreted and membrane proteins of D. discoideum. The method presented here employs a jury of artificial neural networks. These networks were trained to recognize the sequence context and protein surface accessibility in 39 experimentally determined O-alpha-GlcNAc sites found in D. discoideum glycoproteins expressed in vivo. Cross-validation of the data revealed a correlation in which 97% of the glycosylated and nonglycosylated sites were correctly identified. Based on the currently limited data set, an abundant periodicity of two (positions-3, -1, +1, +3, etc.) in Proline residues alternating with hydroxyl amino acids was observed upstream and downstream of the acceptor site. This was a consequence of the spacing of the glycosylated residues themselves which were peculiarly found to be situated only at even positions with respect to each other, indicating that these may be located within beta-strands. The method has been used for a rapid and ranked scan of the fraction of the Dictyostelium proteome available in public databases, remarkably 25-30% of which were predicted glycosylated. The scan revealed acceptor sites in several proteins known experimentally to be O-glycosylated at unmapped sites. The available proteome was classified into functional and cellular compartments to study any preferential patterns of glycosylation. A sequence based prediction server for GlcNAc O-glycosylations in D. discoideum proteins has been made available through the WWW at http://www.cbs.dtu.dk/services/DictyOGlyc/ and via E-mail to [email protected].  (+info)

Proteomic definition of normal human luminal and myoepithelial breast cells purified from reduction mammoplasties. (2/6804)

Normal human luminal and myoepithelial breast cells separately purified from a set of 10 reduction mammoplasties by using a double antibody magnetic affinity cell sorting and Dynabead immunomagnetic technique were used in two-dimensional gel proteome studies. A total of 43,302 proteins were detected across the 20 samples, and a master image for each cell type comprising a total of 1,738 unique proteins was derived. Differential analysis identified 170 proteins that were elevated 2-fold or more between the two breast cell types, and 51 of these were annotated by tandem mass spectrometry. Muscle-specific enzyme isoforms and contractile intermediate filaments including tropomyosin and smooth muscle (SM22) alpha protein were detected in the myoepithelial cells, and a large number of cytokeratin subclasses and isoforms characteristic of luminal cells were detected in this cell type. A further 134 nondifferentially regulated proteins were also annotated from the two breast cell types, making this the most extensive study to date of the protein expression map of the normal human breast and the basis for future studies of purified breast cancer cells.  (+info)

Proteome mapping, mass spectrometric sequencing and reverse transcription-PCR for characterization of the sulfate starvation-induced response in Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1. (3/6804)

A set of proteins induced in Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 during growth in the absence of sulfate was characterized by differential two-dimensional electrophoresis and MS. Thirteen proteins were found to be induced de novo or upregulated in P. aeruginosa grown in a succinate/salts medium with sodium cyclohexylsulfamate as the sole sulfur source. Protein spots excised from the two-dimensional gels were analysed by N-terminal Edman sequencing and MS sequencing (MS/MS) of internal protein fragments. The coding sequences for 11 of these proteins were unambiguously identified in the P. aeruginosa genome sequence. Expression of these genes was investigated by reverse transcription-PCR, which confirmed that repression in the presence of sulfate was acting at a transcriptional level. Three classes of sulfur-regulated proteins were found. The first class (five proteins) were high-affinity periplasmic solute-binding proteins with apparent specificity for sulfate and sulfonates. A second class included enzymes involved in sulfonate and sulfate ester metabolism (three proteins). The remaining three proteins appeared to be part of a more general stress response, and included two antioxidant proteins and a putative lipoprotein. This study demonstrates the power of the proteomics approach for direct correlation of the responses of an organism to an environmental stimulus with the genetic structures responsible for that response, and the application of reverse transcription-PCR significantly increases the conclusions that can be drawn from the proteomic study.  (+info)

The yeast proteome database (YPD) and Caenorhabditis elegans proteome database (WormPD): comprehensive resources for the organization and comparison of model organism protein information. (4/6804)

The Yeast Proteome Database (YPDtrade mark) has been for several years a resource for organized and accessible information about the proteins of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. We have now extended the YPD format to create a database containing complete proteome information about the model organism Caenorhabditis elegans (WormPDtrade mark). YPD and WormPD are designed for use not only by their respective research communities but also by the broader scientific community. In both databases, information gleaned from the literature is presented in a consistent, user-friendly Protein Report format: a single Web page presenting all available knowledge about a particular protein. Each Protein Report begins with a Title Line, a concise description of the function of that protein that is continually updated as curators review new literature. Properties and functions of the protein are presented in tabular form in the upper part of the Report, and free-text annotations organized by topic are presented in the lower part. Each Protein Report ends with a comprehensive reference list whose entries are linked to their MEDLINE s. YPD and WormPD are seamlessly integrated, with extensive links between the species. They are freely accessible to academic users on the WWW at http://www. proteome.com/databases/index.html, and are available by subscription to corporate users.  (+info)

MITOP, the mitochondrial proteome database: 2000 update. (5/6804)

MITOP (http://www.mips.biochem.mpg.de/proj/medgen/mitop/) is a comprehensive database for genetic and functional information on both nuclear- and mitochondrial-encoded proteins and their genes. The five species files--Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Mus musculus, Caenorhabditis elegans, Neurospora crassa and Homo sapiens--include annotated data derived from a variety of online resources and the literature. A wide spectrum of search facilities is given in the overlapping sections 'Gene catalogues', 'Protein catalogues', 'Homologies', 'Pathways and metabolism' and 'Human disease catalogue' including extensive references and hyperlinks to other databases. Central features are the results of various homology searches, which should facilitate the investigations into interspecies relationships. Precomputed FASTA searches using all the MITOP yeast protein entries and a list of the best human EST hits with graphical cluster alignments related to the yeast reference sequence are presented. The orthologue tables with cross-listings to all the protein entries for each species in MITOP have been expanded by adding the genomes of Rickettsia prowazeckii and Escherichia coli. To find new mitochondrial proteins the complete yeast genome has been analyzed using the MITOPROT program which identifies mitochondrial targeting sequences. The 'Human disease catalogue' contains tables with a total of 110 human diseases related to mitochondrial protein abnormalities, sorted by clinical criteria and age of onset. MITOP should contribute to the systematic genetic characterization of the mitochondrial proteome in relation to human disease.  (+info)

Proteome analysis using selective incorporation of isotopically labeled amino acids. (6/6804)

A method is described for identifying intact proteins from genomic databases using a combination of accurate molecular mass measurements and partial amino acid content. An initial demonstration was conducted for proteins isolated from Escherichia coli (E. coli) using a multiple auxotrophic strain of K12. Proteins extracted from the organism grown in natural isotopic abundance minimal medium and also minimal medium containing isotopically labeled leucine (Leu-D10), were mixed and analyzed by capillary isoelectric focusing (CIEF) coupled with Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (FTICR). The incorporation of the isotopically labeled Leu residue has no effect on the CIEF separation of the protein, therefore both versions of the protein are observed within the same FTICR spectrum. The difference in the molecular mass of the natural isotopic abundance and Leu-D10 isotopically labeled proteins is used to determine the number of Leu residues present in that particular protein. Knowledge of the molecular mass and number of Leu residues present can be used to unambiguously identify the intact protein. Preliminary results show the efficacy of this method for unambiguously identifying proteins isolated from E. coli.  (+info)

Research in the exercise sciences: where do we go from here? (7/6804)

The goal of this article is to provide a perspective on how research involving the acute and chronic effects of exercise (referred to as "exercise sciences") on the structure and function of organs systems will evolve in the next century. Within the last 30 years, exercise-related research has rapidly transitioned from an organ to a subcellular/molecular focus. Thus future research will continue to be heavily influenced by molecular biology tools, fueled by both emerging technologies (e.g., "gene-chip microarrays") designed to dissect gene function on a macro scale as well as by the completion of the human genome project in which the approximately 80,000 genes comprising humans will be completely sequenced. These successes will drive the emerging fields of functional genomics (the dissecting of a gene's identity and function) and proteomics (the study of the properties of proteins). Funding levels at the National Institutes of Health will likely increase in order to expand these emerging fields as well as provide avenues for translating fundamental knowledge into solving the complexities of a number of degenerative diseases influenced heavily by activity/inactivity factors such as cardiopulmonary disease, diabetes, obesity, and the debilitating disorders associated with aging. Thus there are many challenges facing future exercise scientists who must harness the new technologies and take an aggressive stance in bringing this important field to the forefront.  (+info)

Proteome analysis of Bacillus subtilis extracellular proteins: a two-dimensional protein electrophoretic study. (8/6804)

To analyse the proteome of Bacillus subtilis extracellular proteins, extracellular protein samples were prepared from culture media (minimal medium containing 0.4% glucose) of parental B. subtilis 168, a secA-temperature sensitive mutant and an ffh conditional mutant, and examined by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. Approximately 100 to 110 spots were visualized in a gel of B. subtilis 168 extracellular proteins. Over 90% and 80% of these disappeared in the absence of SecA and Ffh, respectively. Thirty-eight obvious spots on the gel of the B. subtilis 168 preparation were selected and compared with spots obtained under SecA- or Ffh-deficient conditions. The appearance of 36 of these 38 spots depended on SecA and Ffh. Nineteen additional extracellular proteins were detected in cultures maintained in cellobiose, maltose and soluble starch. Among 23 proteins of which the N-terminal amino acid sequences were determined, 17 were extracellular proteins having signal peptides in their precursor form. Two membrane proteins, Yfnl and YflE, were cleaved behind 226Ala-Tyr-Ala228 and 213Ala-Leu-Ala215, respectively, and of which products seemed to be liberated into the culture medium. The production of Yfnl and YflE were also dependent on SecA and Ffh. These results indicate that most extracellular proteins target to and translocate across the cytoplasmic membrane by co-operation between the signal-recognition particle and Sec protein-secretion pathways. In contrast, a spot for Hag appeared independent from SecA and Ffh. Intracellular proteins Gap, SodA and KatA were identified in the extracellular protein samples. On the basis of these results and computer searches, it was predicted that B. subtilis produces 150 to 180 proteins extracellularly.  (+info)

The proteome is the entire set of proteins produced or present in an organism, system, organ, or cell at a certain time under specific conditions. It is a dynamic collection of protein species that changes over time, responding to various internal and external stimuli such as disease, stress, or environmental factors. The study of the proteome, known as proteomics, involves the identification and quantification of these protein components and their post-translational modifications, providing valuable insights into biological processes, functional pathways, and disease mechanisms.

Proteomics is the large-scale study and analysis of proteins, including their structures, functions, interactions, modifications, and abundance, in a given cell, tissue, or organism. It involves the identification and quantification of all expressed proteins in a biological sample, as well as the characterization of post-translational modifications, protein-protein interactions, and functional pathways. Proteomics can provide valuable insights into various biological processes, diseases, and drug responses, and has applications in basic research, biomedicine, and clinical diagnostics. The field combines various techniques from molecular biology, chemistry, physics, and bioinformatics to study proteins at a systems level.

Two-dimensional (2D) gel electrophoresis is a type of electrophoretic technique used in the separation and analysis of complex protein mixtures. This method combines two types of electrophoresis – isoelectric focusing (IEF) and sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) – to separate proteins based on their unique physical and chemical properties in two dimensions.

In the first dimension, IEF separates proteins according to their isoelectric points (pI), which is the pH at which a protein carries no net electrical charge. The proteins are focused into narrow zones along a pH gradient established within a gel strip. In the second dimension, SDS-PAGE separates the proteins based on their molecular weights by applying an electric field perpendicular to the first dimension.

The separated proteins form distinct spots on the 2D gel, which can be visualized using various staining techniques. The resulting protein pattern provides valuable information about the composition and modifications of the protein mixture, enabling researchers to identify and compare different proteins in various samples. Two-dimensional gel electrophoresis is widely used in proteomics research, biomarker discovery, and quality control in protein production.

Mass spectrometry (MS) is an analytical technique used to identify and quantify the chemical components of a mixture or compound. It works by ionizing the sample, generating charged molecules or fragments, and then measuring their mass-to-charge ratio in a vacuum. The resulting mass spectrum provides information about the molecular weight and structure of the analytes, allowing for identification and characterization.

In simpler terms, mass spectrometry is a method used to determine what chemicals are present in a sample and in what quantities, by converting the chemicals into ions, measuring their masses, and generating a spectrum that shows the relative abundances of each ion type.

Liquid chromatography (LC) is a type of chromatography technique used to separate, identify, and quantify the components in a mixture. In this method, the sample mixture is dissolved in a liquid solvent (the mobile phase) and then passed through a stationary phase, which can be a solid or a liquid that is held in place by a solid support.

The components of the mixture interact differently with the stationary phase and the mobile phase, causing them to separate as they move through the system. The separated components are then detected and measured using various detection techniques, such as ultraviolet (UV) absorbance or mass spectrometry.

Liquid chromatography is widely used in many areas of science and medicine, including drug development, environmental analysis, food safety testing, and clinical diagnostics. It can be used to separate and analyze a wide range of compounds, from small molecules like drugs and metabolites to large biomolecules like proteins and nucleic acids.

Tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) is a technique used to identify and quantify specific molecules, such as proteins or metabolites, within complex mixtures. This method uses two or more sequential mass analyzers to first separate ions based on their mass-to-charge ratio and then further fragment the selected ions into smaller pieces for additional analysis. The fragmentation patterns generated in MS/MS experiments can be used to determine the structure and identity of the original molecule, making it a powerful tool in various fields such as proteomics, metabolomics, and forensic science.

Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization Mass Spectrometry (MALDI-MS) is a type of mass spectrometry that is used to analyze large biomolecules such as proteins and peptides. In this technique, the sample is mixed with a matrix compound, which absorbs laser energy and helps to vaporize and ionize the analyte molecules.

The matrix-analyte mixture is then placed on a target plate and hit with a laser beam, causing the matrix and analyte molecules to desorb from the plate and become ionized. The ions are then accelerated through an electric field and into a mass analyzer, which separates them based on their mass-to-charge ratio.

The separated ions are then detected and recorded as a mass spectrum, which can be used to identify and quantify the analyte molecules present in the sample. MALDI-MS is particularly useful for the analysis of complex biological samples, such as tissue extracts or biological fluids, because it allows for the detection and identification of individual components within those mixtures.

Protein array analysis is a high-throughput technology used to detect and measure the presence and activity of specific proteins in biological samples. This technique utilizes arrays or chips containing various capture agents, such as antibodies or aptamers, that are designed to bind to specific target proteins. The sample is then added to the array, allowing the target proteins to bind to their corresponding capture agents. After washing away unbound materials, a detection system is used to identify and quantify the bound proteins. This method can be used for various applications, including protein-protein interaction studies, biomarker discovery, and drug development. The results of protein array analysis provide valuable information about the expression levels, post-translational modifications, and functional states of proteins in complex biological systems.

A protein database is a type of biological database that contains information about proteins and their structures, functions, sequences, and interactions with other molecules. These databases can include experimentally determined data, such as protein sequences derived from DNA sequencing or mass spectrometry, as well as predicted data based on computational methods.

Some examples of protein databases include:

1. UniProtKB: a comprehensive protein database that provides information about protein sequences, functions, and structures, as well as literature references and links to other resources.
2. PDB (Protein Data Bank): a database of three-dimensional protein structures determined by experimental methods such as X-ray crystallography and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy.
3. BLAST (Basic Local Alignment Search Tool): a web-based tool that allows users to compare a query protein sequence against a protein database to identify similar sequences and potential functional relationships.
4. InterPro: a database of protein families, domains, and functional sites that provides information about protein function based on sequence analysis and other data.
5. STRING (Search Tool for the Retrieval of Interacting Genes/Proteins): a database of known and predicted protein-protein interactions, including physical and functional associations.

Protein databases are essential tools in proteomics research, enabling researchers to study protein function, evolution, and interaction networks on a large scale.

Two-Dimensional Difference Gel Electrophoresis (2D-DIGE) is not a medical term per se, but a technical term used in the field of proteomics. Proteomics is a branch of molecular biology that deals with the study of proteomes, or the complete set of proteins produced by an organism or system.

2D-DIGE is a specific type of two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2DE) technique used to separate and compare protein mixtures from different samples. In 2DE, proteins are first separated based on their isoelectric point (pI), which is the pH at which they carry no net electrical charge, in a process called isoelectric focusing (IEF). The proteins are then further separated according to their molecular weight by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE).

In 2D-DIGE, two or more protein samples are labeled with different fluorescent cyanine dyes (Cy2, Cy3, and Cy5) before being combined and run on the same 2DE gel. This allows for direct comparison of the protein expression profiles between the samples within the same gel, reducing gel-to-gel variation and increasing accuracy in identifying differentially expressed proteins. The resulting gel images are then analyzed using specialized software to detect and quantify differences in protein expression levels between the samples.

Overall, 2D-DIGE is a powerful tool for comparative proteomic analysis, enabling researchers to identify and study changes in protein expression that may be associated with various physiological or pathological conditions, including diseases and drug responses.

Isotope labeling is a scientific technique used in the field of medicine, particularly in molecular biology, chemistry, and pharmacology. It involves replacing one or more atoms in a molecule with a radioactive or stable isotope of the same element. This modified molecule can then be traced and analyzed to study its structure, function, metabolism, or interaction with other molecules within biological systems.

Radioisotope labeling uses unstable radioactive isotopes that emit radiation, allowing for detection and quantification of the labeled molecule using various imaging techniques, such as positron emission tomography (PET) or single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT). This approach is particularly useful in tracking the distribution and metabolism of drugs, hormones, or other biomolecules in living organisms.

Stable isotope labeling, on the other hand, employs non-radioactive isotopes that do not emit radiation. These isotopes have different atomic masses compared to their natural counterparts and can be detected using mass spectrometry. Stable isotope labeling is often used in metabolic studies, protein turnover analysis, or for identifying the origin of specific molecules within complex biological samples.

In summary, isotope labeling is a versatile tool in medical research that enables researchers to investigate various aspects of molecular behavior and interactions within biological systems.

Computational biology is a branch of biology that uses mathematical and computational methods to study biological data, models, and processes. It involves the development and application of algorithms, statistical models, and computational approaches to analyze and interpret large-scale molecular and phenotypic data from genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolomics, and other high-throughput technologies. The goal is to gain insights into biological systems and processes, develop predictive models, and inform experimental design and hypothesis testing in the life sciences. Computational biology encompasses a wide range of disciplines, including bioinformatics, systems biology, computational genomics, network biology, and mathematical modeling of biological systems.

Proteins are complex, large molecules that play critical roles in the body's functions. They are made up of amino acids, which are organic compounds that are the building blocks of proteins. Proteins are required for the structure, function, and regulation of the body's tissues and organs. They are essential for the growth, repair, and maintenance of body tissues, and they play a crucial role in many biological processes, including metabolism, immune response, and cellular signaling. Proteins can be classified into different types based on their structure and function, such as enzymes, hormones, antibodies, and structural proteins. They are found in various foods, especially animal-derived products like meat, dairy, and eggs, as well as plant-based sources like beans, nuts, and grains.

Chemical fractionation is a process used in analytical chemistry to separate and isolate individual components or fractions from a mixture based on their chemical properties. This technique typically involves the use of various chemical reactions, such as precipitation, extraction, or chromatography, to selectively interact with specific components in the mixture and purify them.

In the context of medical research or clinical analysis, chemical fractionation may be used to isolate and identify individual compounds in a complex biological sample, such as blood, urine, or tissue. For example, fractionating a urine sample might involve separating out various metabolites, proteins, or other molecules based on their solubility, charge, or other chemical properties, allowing researchers to study the individual components and their roles in health and disease.

It's worth noting that while chemical fractionation can be a powerful tool for analyzing complex mixtures, it can also be time-consuming and technically challenging, requiring specialized equipment and expertise to perform accurately and reliably.

Blood proteins, also known as serum proteins, are a group of complex molecules present in the blood that are essential for various physiological functions. These proteins include albumin, globulins (alpha, beta, and gamma), and fibrinogen. They play crucial roles in maintaining oncotic pressure, transporting hormones, enzymes, vitamins, and minerals, providing immune defense, and contributing to blood clotting.

Albumin is the most abundant protein in the blood, accounting for about 60% of the total protein mass. It functions as a transporter of various substances, such as hormones, fatty acids, and drugs, and helps maintain oncotic pressure, which is essential for fluid balance between the blood vessels and surrounding tissues.

Globulins are divided into three main categories: alpha, beta, and gamma globulins. Alpha and beta globulins consist of transport proteins like lipoproteins, hormone-binding proteins, and enzymes. Gamma globulins, also known as immunoglobulins or antibodies, are essential for the immune system's defense against pathogens.

Fibrinogen is a protein involved in blood clotting. When an injury occurs, fibrinogen is converted into fibrin, which forms a mesh to trap platelets and form a clot, preventing excessive bleeding.

Abnormal levels of these proteins can indicate various medical conditions, such as liver or kidney disease, malnutrition, infections, inflammation, or autoimmune disorders. Blood protein levels are typically measured through laboratory tests like serum protein electrophoresis (SPE) and immunoelectrophoresis (IEP).

Gene expression profiling is a laboratory technique used to measure the activity (expression) of thousands of genes at once. This technique allows researchers and clinicians to identify which genes are turned on or off in a particular cell, tissue, or organism under specific conditions, such as during health, disease, development, or in response to various treatments.

The process typically involves isolating RNA from the cells or tissues of interest, converting it into complementary DNA (cDNA), and then using microarray or high-throughput sequencing technologies to determine which genes are expressed and at what levels. The resulting data can be used to identify patterns of gene expression that are associated with specific biological states or processes, providing valuable insights into the underlying molecular mechanisms of diseases and potential targets for therapeutic intervention.

In recent years, gene expression profiling has become an essential tool in various fields, including cancer research, drug discovery, and personalized medicine, where it is used to identify biomarkers of disease, predict patient outcomes, and guide treatment decisions.

Bacterial proteins are a type of protein that are produced by bacteria as part of their structural or functional components. These proteins can be involved in various cellular processes, such as metabolism, DNA replication, transcription, and translation. They can also play a role in bacterial pathogenesis, helping the bacteria to evade the host's immune system, acquire nutrients, and multiply within the host.

Bacterial proteins can be classified into different categories based on their function, such as:

1. Enzymes: Proteins that catalyze chemical reactions in the bacterial cell.
2. Structural proteins: Proteins that provide structural support and maintain the shape of the bacterial cell.
3. Signaling proteins: Proteins that help bacteria to communicate with each other and coordinate their behavior.
4. Transport proteins: Proteins that facilitate the movement of molecules across the bacterial cell membrane.
5. Toxins: Proteins that are produced by pathogenic bacteria to damage host cells and promote infection.
6. Surface proteins: Proteins that are located on the surface of the bacterial cell and interact with the environment or host cells.

Understanding the structure and function of bacterial proteins is important for developing new antibiotics, vaccines, and other therapeutic strategies to combat bacterial infections.

Mass spectrometry with electrospray ionization (ESI-MS) is an analytical technique used to identify and quantify chemical species in a sample based on the mass-to-charge ratio of charged particles. In ESI-MS, analytes are ionized through the use of an electrospray, where a liquid sample is introduced through a metal capillary needle at high voltage, creating an aerosol of charged droplets. As the solvent evaporates, the analyte molecules become charged and can be directed into a mass spectrometer for analysis.

ESI-MS is particularly useful for the analysis of large biomolecules such as proteins, peptides, and nucleic acids, due to its ability to gently ionize these species without fragmentation. The technique provides information about the molecular weight and charge state of the analytes, which can be used to infer their identity and structure. Additionally, ESI-MS can be interfaced with separation techniques such as liquid chromatography (LC) for further purification and characterization of complex samples.

Protein sequence analysis is the systematic examination and interpretation of the amino acid sequence of a protein to understand its structure, function, evolutionary relationships, and other biological properties. It involves various computational methods and tools to analyze the primary structure of proteins, which is the linear arrangement of amino acids along the polypeptide chain.

Protein sequence analysis can provide insights into several aspects, such as:

1. Identification of functional domains, motifs, or sites within a protein that may be responsible for its specific biochemical activities.
2. Comparison of homologous sequences from different organisms to infer evolutionary relationships and determine the degree of similarity or divergence among them.
3. Prediction of secondary and tertiary structures based on patterns of amino acid composition, hydrophobicity, and charge distribution.
4. Detection of post-translational modifications that may influence protein function, localization, or stability.
5. Identification of protease cleavage sites, signal peptides, or other sequence features that play a role in protein processing and targeting.

Some common techniques used in protein sequence analysis include:

1. Multiple Sequence Alignment (MSA): A method to align multiple protein sequences to identify conserved regions, gaps, and variations.
2. BLAST (Basic Local Alignment Search Tool): A widely-used tool for comparing a query protein sequence against a database of known sequences to find similarities and infer function or evolutionary relationships.
3. Hidden Markov Models (HMMs): Statistical models used to describe the probability distribution of amino acid sequences in protein families, allowing for more sensitive detection of remote homologs.
4. Protein structure prediction: Methods that use various computational approaches to predict the three-dimensional structure of a protein based on its amino acid sequence.
5. Phylogenetic analysis: The construction and interpretation of evolutionary trees (phylogenies) based on aligned protein sequences, which can provide insights into the historical relationships among organisms or proteins.

Molecular sequence data refers to the specific arrangement of molecules, most commonly nucleotides in DNA or RNA, or amino acids in proteins, that make up a biological macromolecule. This data is generated through laboratory techniques such as sequencing, and provides information about the exact order of the constituent molecules. This data is crucial in various fields of biology, including genetics, evolution, and molecular biology, allowing for comparisons between different organisms, identification of genetic variations, and studies of gene function and regulation.

An amino acid sequence is the specific order of amino acids in a protein or peptide molecule, formed by the linking of the amino group (-NH2) of one amino acid to the carboxyl group (-COOH) of another amino acid through a peptide bond. The sequence is determined by the genetic code and is unique to each type of protein or peptide. It plays a crucial role in determining the three-dimensional structure and function of proteins.

The transcriptome refers to the complete set of RNA molecules, including messenger RNA (mRNA), ribosomal RNA (rRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and other non-coding RNAs, that are present in a cell or a population of cells at a given point in time. It reflects the genetic activity and provides information about which genes are being actively transcribed and to what extent. The transcriptome can vary under different conditions, such as during development, in response to environmental stimuli, or in various diseases, making it an important area of study in molecular biology and personalized medicine.

Peptides are short chains of amino acid residues linked by covalent bonds, known as peptide bonds. They are formed when two or more amino acids are joined together through a condensation reaction, which results in the elimination of a water molecule and the formation of an amide bond between the carboxyl group of one amino acid and the amino group of another.

Peptides can vary in length from two to about fifty amino acids, and they are often classified based on their size. For example, dipeptides contain two amino acids, tripeptides contain three, and so on. Oligopeptides typically contain up to ten amino acids, while polypeptides can contain dozens or even hundreds of amino acids.

Peptides play many important roles in the body, including serving as hormones, neurotransmitters, enzymes, and antibiotics. They are also used in medical research and therapeutic applications, such as drug delivery and tissue engineering.

Peptide mapping is a technique used in proteomics and analytical chemistry to analyze and identify the sequence and structure of peptides or proteins. This method involves breaking down a protein into smaller peptide fragments using enzymatic or chemical digestion, followed by separation and identification of these fragments through various analytical techniques such as liquid chromatography (LC) and mass spectrometry (MS).

The resulting peptide map serves as a "fingerprint" of the protein, providing information about its sequence, modifications, and structure. Peptide mapping can be used for a variety of applications, including protein identification, characterization of post-translational modifications, and monitoring of protein degradation or cleavage.

In summary, peptide mapping is a powerful tool in proteomics that enables the analysis and identification of proteins and their modifications at the peptide level.

"Plant proteins" refer to the proteins that are derived from plant sources. These can include proteins from legumes such as beans, lentils, and peas, as well as proteins from grains like wheat, rice, and corn. Other sources of plant proteins include nuts, seeds, and vegetables.

Plant proteins are made up of individual amino acids, which are the building blocks of protein. While animal-based proteins typically contain all of the essential amino acids that the body needs to function properly, many plant-based proteins may be lacking in one or more of these essential amino acids. However, by consuming a variety of plant-based foods throughout the day, it is possible to get all of the essential amino acids that the body needs from plant sources alone.

Plant proteins are often lower in calories and saturated fat than animal proteins, making them a popular choice for those following a vegetarian or vegan diet, as well as those looking to maintain a healthy weight or reduce their risk of chronic diseases such as heart disease and cancer. Additionally, plant proteins have been shown to have a number of health benefits, including improving gut health, reducing inflammation, and supporting muscle growth and repair.

Metabolic networks and pathways refer to the complex interconnected series of biochemical reactions that occur within cells to maintain life. These reactions are catalyzed by enzymes and are responsible for the conversion of nutrients into energy, as well as the synthesis and breakdown of various molecules required for cellular function.

A metabolic pathway is a series of chemical reactions that occur in a specific order, with each reaction being catalyzed by a different enzyme. These pathways are often interconnected, forming a larger network of interactions known as a metabolic network.

Metabolic networks can be represented as complex diagrams or models, which show the relationships between different pathways and the flow of matter and energy through the system. These networks can help researchers to understand how cells regulate their metabolism in response to changes in their environment, and how disruptions to these networks can lead to disease.

Some common examples of metabolic pathways include glycolysis, the citric acid cycle (also known as the Krebs cycle), and the pentose phosphate pathway. Each of these pathways plays a critical role in maintaining cellular homeostasis and providing energy for cellular functions.

Protein interaction maps are graphical representations that illustrate the physical interactions and functional relationships between different proteins in a cell or organism. These maps can be generated through various experimental techniques such as yeast two-hybrid screens, affinity purification mass spectrometry (AP-MS), and co-immunoprecipitation (Co-IP) followed by mass spectrometry. The resulting data is then visualized as a network where nodes represent proteins and edges represent the interactions between them. Protein interaction maps can provide valuable insights into cellular processes, signal transduction pathways, and disease mechanisms, and are widely used in systems biology and network medicine research.

Molecular sequence annotation is the process of identifying and describing the characteristics, functional elements, and relevant information of a DNA, RNA, or protein sequence at the molecular level. This process involves marking the location and function of various features such as genes, regulatory regions, coding and non-coding sequences, intron-exon boundaries, promoters, introns, untranslated regions (UTRs), binding sites for proteins or other molecules, and post-translational modifications in a given molecular sequence.

The annotation can be manual, where experts curate and analyze the data to predict features based on biological knowledge and experimental evidence. Alternatively, computational methods using various bioinformatics tools and algorithms can be employed for automated annotation. These tools often rely on comparative analysis, pattern recognition, and machine learning techniques to identify conserved sequence patterns, motifs, or domains that are associated with specific functions.

The annotated molecular sequences serve as valuable resources in genomic and proteomic studies, contributing to the understanding of gene function, evolutionary relationships, disease associations, and biotechnological applications.

Protein interaction mapping is a research approach used to identify and characterize the physical interactions between different proteins within a cell or organism. This process often involves the use of high-throughput experimental techniques, such as yeast two-hybrid screening, mass spectrometry-based approaches, or protein fragment complementation assays, to detect and quantify the binding affinities of protein pairs. The resulting data is then used to construct a protein interaction network, which can provide insights into functional relationships between proteins, help elucidate cellular pathways, and inform our understanding of biological processes in health and disease.

Reproducibility of results in a medical context refers to the ability to obtain consistent and comparable findings when a particular experiment or study is repeated, either by the same researcher or by different researchers, following the same experimental protocol. It is an essential principle in scientific research that helps to ensure the validity and reliability of research findings.

In medical research, reproducibility of results is crucial for establishing the effectiveness and safety of new treatments, interventions, or diagnostic tools. It involves conducting well-designed studies with adequate sample sizes, appropriate statistical analyses, and transparent reporting of methods and findings to allow other researchers to replicate the study and confirm or refute the results.

The lack of reproducibility in medical research has become a significant concern in recent years, as several high-profile studies have failed to produce consistent findings when replicated by other researchers. This has led to increased scrutiny of research practices and a call for greater transparency, rigor, and standardization in the conduct and reporting of medical research.

While proteome generally refers to the proteome of an organism, multicellular organisms may have very different proteomes in ... Human proteome. Currently, several projects aim to map the human proteome, including the Human Proteome Map, ProteomicsDB, ... Dark proteome. The term dark proteome coined by Perdigão and colleagues, defines regions of proteins that have no detectable ... The proteins in a virus can be called a viral proteome. Usually viral proteomes are predicted from the viral genome but some ...
It estimated to be about 14% of the proteome in archaea and bacteria, and as much as 44-54% of the proteome in eukaryotes and ... The dark proteome is defined as proteins with no defined three-dimensional structure. It can not be detected or analyzed with ... Large portion of the dark proteome are of viral origin. Dark protein regions are dark due to originating from unusual organisms ... 2015). "Unexpected features of the dark proteome". PNAS. 112 (52): 15898-15903. Bibcode:2015PNAS..11215898P. doi:10.1073/pnas. ...
Users can view and download Proteome Analyst's results or ask Proteome Analyst to explain its predictions. Proteome Analyst ... Proteome Analyst was originally developed by the Proteome Analyst Research Group at the University of Alberta, and was ... Proteome Analyst is an example of one of the better performing subcellular prediction tools. Proteome Analyst makes predictions ... The initial release of Proteome Analyst used Naïve Bayes classifier to perform its predictions. The current version of Proteome ...
"Progress Identifying and Analyzing the Human Proteome: 2021 Metrics from the HUPO Human Proteome Project". Journal of Proteome ... The Human Proteome Project (HPP) is a collaborative effort coordinated by the Human Proteome Organization. Its stated goal is ... Updates on the Human Proteome Project are regularly published, e.g. in the Journal of Proteome Research (2014). Metrics for the ... "A gene-centric human proteome project: HUPO--the Human Proteome organization". Molecular & Cellular Proteomics. 9 (2): 427-429 ...
Proteome Sun Q, Zybailov B, Majeran W, Friso G, Olinares PD, van Wijk KJ. (2008) PPDB, the Plant Proteomics Database at Cornell ... The Plant Proteome Database is a National Science Foundation-funded project to determine the biological function of each ... 2 Oct PPDB Home Page: http://ppdb.tc.cornell.edu/ Plant Proteome Database home page v t e v t e (Plant physiology, Government ...
The Human Proteome Organization (HUPO) is an international consortium of national proteomics research associations, government ... Ultimately, it is organized to gain a better and more complete understanding of the human proteome. Since 2002, HUPO organizes ... Award in Proteomic Sciences Human Genome Organisation Human Genome Project Proteomics Standards Initiative Human Proteome ...
In 2013, J. Proteome Res. had an impact factor of 5.001 as reported in the 2013 Journal Citation Reports by Thomson Reuters, ... The Journal of Proteome Research is a peer-reviewed scientific journal published since 2002 by the American Chemical Society. ...
"The Proteome Folding Project: proteome-scale prediction of structure and function". Genome Research. 21 (11): 1981-94. doi: ... The Human Proteome Folding Project (HPF) is a collaborative effort between New York University (Bonneau Lab), the Institute for ... Used predictions as hypothesis for further experimental characterization) BOINC Folding@home Foldit Human proteome project List ... "The mRNA-bound proteome and its global occupancy profile on protein-coding transcripts". Molecular Cell. 46 (5): 674-90. doi: ...
"Proteomes". www.mdpi.com. Retrieved 2022-02-21. "Proteomes". www.mdpi.com. Retrieved 2022-02-21. "Proteomes - NLM Catalog - ... Proteomes is a peer-reviewed open access scientific journal covering research in biochemistry and molecular biology, and ... focused on proteome analysis. It is published by MDPI and was established in 2013. The joint editor-in-chief are Jens R. ...
Proteome Science. Ramaswamy et al.; licensee BioMed Central Ltd. 9 (3). Proteome Science , Full text , Development of reverse ...
"Linking genome and proteome by mass spectrometry: large-scale identification of yeast proteins from two dimensional gels". Proc ... Proteome Science. 1 (1): 6. doi:10.1186/1477-5956-1-6. PMC 317362. PMID 14653859. Henzel, William J.; Watanabe, Colin; Stults, ...
2008). "Protein profiling of the dimorphic, pathogenic fungus, Penicillium marneffei". Proteome Sci. 6 (1): 17. doi:10.1186/ ...
Proteome Science. 3 (1): 2. doi:10.1186/1477-5956-3-2. PMC 554085. PMID 15730566. Burmester T, Weich B, Reinhardt S, Hankeln T ...
Proteome analysis. Transcriptome analysis. Epigenome analysis. Oral Microbiome analysis. 2013 Recruitment of TMM Community- ... 2015 A portal site of Japanese Multi Omics Reference Panel (jMorp), providing metabolome and proteome data from the cohort ... As of 2022, jMorp covers metabolome, proteome, transcriptome, methylome, as well as genome reference panel. 2016 Recruitment of ...
"Major soluble proteome changes in Deinococcus deserti over the earliest stages following gamma-ray irradiation". Proteome ... A total of 341 protein N termini were confidently identified in the D. deserti TMPP-labeled proteome. Among these, 63 were not ... Accurate genome annotation of its 3455 genes was guided at the stage of primary annotation by an extensive proteome analysis. A ... The N termini data set corresponds to 10% of the theoretical proteome. A significant number of erroneous annotations have ...
Pedrioli, Patrick G. A. (2010). "Trans-Proteomic Pipeline: A Pipeline for Proteomic Analysis". Proteome Bioinformatics. Methods ... Journal of Proteome Research. 3 (5): 958-64. arXiv:q-bio/0406002. Bibcode:2004q.bio.....6002G. doi:10.1021/pr0499491. PMID ... Journal of Proteome Research. 6 (2): 654-61. doi:10.1021/pr0604054. PMC 2525619. PMID 17269722. "OMSSA ms/ms search engine". ... Journal of Proteome Research. 15 (1): 332-338. doi:10.1021/acs.jproteome.5b00666. ISSN 1535-3907. PMID 26616242. Titeca, Kevin ...
Proteome Science. 6: 19. doi:10.1186/1477-5956-6-19. PMC 2440369. PMID 18558005. Arasaradnam, RP; Wicaksono, A; O'Brien, H; ...
Proteome Science. 15: 14. doi:10.1186/s12953-017-0123-3. PMC 5483283. PMID 28652856. Collins SR, Kemmeren P, Zhao XC, ... "Proteome survey reveals modularity of the yeast cell machinery". Nature. 440 (7084): 631-6. Bibcode:2006Natur.440..631G. doi: ...
The reference proteome set maintained by the UniProt resource is used in this version of PANTHER and so the source of gene sets ... "reference proteome". Details in PANTHER 9 statistics can be found here (http://www.pantherdb.org/panther/summaryStats.jsp) ( ...
Proteome Sci. 6 (1): 30. doi:10.1186/1477-5956-6-30. PMC 2600628. PMID 18950484. v t e (Laboratory techniques, All stub ...
Gupta R, Brunak S (2002). "Prediction of glycosylation across the human proteome and the correlation to protein function". ... Proteome Science. 13: 11. doi:10.1186/s12953-015-0065-6. PMC 4367857. PMID 25798074. Zhang J, Zhang S (June 2017). "Discovery ...
Mann, Karlheinz (2015). "The calcified eggshell matrix proteome of a songbird, the zebra finch (Taeniopygia guttata)". Proteome ... Mann, Karlheinz; Mann, Matthias (2013). "The proteome of the calcified layer organic matrix of turkey (Meleagris gallopavo) ... eggshell". Proteome Sci. 11 (1): 40. doi:10.1186/1477-5956-11-40. PMC 3766105. PMID 23981693. ...
2007). "A proteome-wide protein interaction map for Campylobacter jejuni". Genome Biol. 8 (7): R130. doi:10.1186/gb-2007-8-7- ... 2011). "The proteome and interactome of Streptococcus pneumoniae phage Cp-1". J. Bacteriol. 193 (12): 3135-8. doi:10.1128/JB. ... 2016). "A Proteome-wide Fission Yeast Interactome Reveals Network Evolution Principles from Yeasts to Human". Cell. 164 (1-2): ... For instance, even within a proteome two proteins may interact but their paralogs may not. Each protein-protein interactome may ...
April 2010). "Investigation of PARP-1, PARP-2, and PARG interactomes by affinity-purification mass spectrometry". Proteome ...
Proteome Res. 4 (6): 2070-80. doi:10.1021/pr0502065. PMC 1850943. PMID 16335952. Kimura K, Wakamatsu A, Suzuki Y, et al. (2006 ...
Andersen JS, Lam YW, Leung AK, Ong SE, Lyon CE, Lamond AI, Mann M (Jan 2005). "Nucleolar proteome dynamics". Nature. 433 (7021 ...
Proteome Res. 4 (6): 2070-80. doi:10.1021/pr0502065. PMC 1850943. PMID 16335952. Wouters MM, Neefs JM, Kerchove d'Exaerde A, et ...
Andersen JS, Lam YW, Leung AK, Ong SE, Lyon CE, Lamond AI, Mann M (January 2005). "Nucleolar proteome dynamics". Nature. 433 ( ...
Kim JE, Tannenbaum SR, White FM (2005). "Global phosphoproteome of HT-29 human colon adenocarcinoma cells". J. Proteome Res. 4 ...
"HUPOST The newsletter of the Human Proteome Organisation" (PDF). Human Proteome Organization. Archived (PDF) from the original ... She participated in the Human Proteome Project, the SysteMHC Atlas project, and the Minimum Information Required for a ... Costello served as the president of the American Society for Mass Spectrometry (2002-2004), the Human Proteome Organization ( ... Spectrometry Foundation Thomson Medal 2008 Human Proteome Organization Discovery in Proteomic Sciences Award US Human Proteome ...
While proteome generally refers to the proteome of an organism, multicellular organisms may have very different proteomes in ... Human proteome. Currently, several projects aim to map the human proteome, including the Human Proteome Map, ProteomicsDB, ... Dark proteome. The term dark proteome coined by Perdigão and colleagues, defines regions of proteins that have no detectable ... The proteins in a virus can be called a viral proteome. Usually viral proteomes are predicted from the viral genome but some ...
proteome. chain-of-amino-acid-or-bio-molecules-called-protein-3d-illustration-stockpack-adobe-stock. Chain of amino acid or bio ...
Mass Spectrometry for Clinical Proteome Analysis. Proteomics is a rapidly growing field of molecular biology that involves the ... "Accordingly, it provides an unbiased view of the presence and stoichiometry of lysine acetylation at a proteome-wide level." ... Quantitative proteomics strategies such as SILAC and iTRAQ have been widely applied to study the dynamics of proteome. However ... To identify the most effective experimental approaches for native proteome extraction, Dr. Kentsis and colleagues performed a ...
The mitochondrial proteome is highly complex, comprising ~1,000-1,500 proteins in mammals. Recent technological advances are ... The extent and complexity of the mitochondrial proteome remained unclear for decades. This began to change 20 years ago when, ... Finally, we examine the utility of an expanded, functionally annotated mitochondrial proteome in a translational setting for ... with current estimates of the core mammalian mitochondrial proteome ranging from 1,000 to 1,500 proteins. The creation of these ...
This data was also published in: "A novel single-cell screening platform reveals proteome plasticity during yeast stress ... Here we have built a platform to house data that we collect on proteome plasticity.. ...
... many initiatives were taken for the development of antibodies for proteome-wide studies, as well as characterisation and ... Surrogate antigens as targets for proteome-wide binder selection N Biotechnol. 2011 Jul;28(4):302-11. doi: 10.1016/j.nbt. ... In the past decade, many initiatives were taken for the development of antibodies for proteome-wide studies, as well as ... One of the major bottlenecks to proteome-wide binder selection is the limited supply of suitable target antigens representative ...
Proteome Sciences this week posted 2013 revenues of £2.14 million ($3.59 million), up 86 percent from £1.15 million in 2012. ... Proteome Sciences net loss for the year was £3.15 million, or 1.62 pence per share, down 26 percent from £4.25 million, or ... Proteome Sciences this week posted 2013 revenues of £2.14 million ($3.59 million), up 86 percent from £1.15 million in 2012. ... Proteome Sciences Reports 86 Percent Rise in 2013 Revenues May 30, 2014 ...
Venomics of New World pit vipers: genus-wide comparisons of venom proteomes across Agkistrodon. Journal of proteomics 96, 103- ... Proteome Discoverer False Discovery Rates (FDR) at peptide spectrum matching (PSMs) level was calculated using the Percolator ... Proteome Discoverer searches were performed using SequestHT while MaxQuant uses the embedded Andromeda search engine against ... Calvete, J. J., Fasoli, E., Sanz, L., Boschetti, E. & Righetti, P. G. Exploring the venom proteome of the western diamondback ...
Through differential proteome analysis, this study e Molecular BioSystems 2013 Proteomics ... Unravelling the bull fertility proteome† Alessio Soggiu,‡a Cristian Piras,‡a Hany Ahmed Hussein,a Michele De Canio,bd ... To improve differential proteome analysis among experimental groups, a part of shotgun MS. analysis was also performed. Three ... Unravelling the bull fertility proteome A. Soggiu, C. Piras, H. A. Hussein, M. De Canio, A. Gaviraghi, A. Galli, A. Urbani, L. ...
Desmosomal COP9 regulates proteome degradation in arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia/cardiomyopathy. Yan Liang,1 Robert ... Loss of desmosomal proteome degradation control due to CSN6 loss is sufficient to trigger the desmosomal-targeted disease ARVD/ ... Loss of desmosomal proteome degradation control due to junctional reduction/loss of CSN6 and human desmosomal mutations ... Regulation of proteome degradation in arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia/cardiomyopathy. Authors Take ...
The removal of glycogen from the samples by centrifugation was crucial for the final proteome maps. Solubilization with urea/ ... Differential Proteome Analysis of the Preeclamptic Placenta Using Optimized Protein Extraction. Magnus Centlow. ,1Stefan R. ... The removal of glycogen from the samples by centrifugation was crucial for the final proteome maps. Solubilization with urea/ ... The most common method is two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electhrophoresis (2D-PAGE). 2D-PAGE for proteome studies gives a ...
Evolution of proteins and proteomes. The ease with which new protein interactions and assemblies can emerge implies that non- ... Such principles do not only highlight system-wide constraints shaping proteomes but also represent applicable knowledge, e.g., ...
The ability to reliably and reproducibly measure any protein of the human proteome in any tissue or cell type would be ... Human SRMAtlas: A Resource of Targeted Assays to Quantify the Complete Human Proteome Cell. 2016 Jul 28;166(3):766-778. doi: ... The ability to reliably and reproducibly measure any protein of the human proteome in any tissue or cell type would be ...
A breakthrough for the identification of the proteome of the presynaptic active zone was the successful employment of ... The proteome of the presynaptic active zone controls neurotransmitter release and the short- and long-term structural and ... Laßek, M.; Weingarten, J.; Volknandt, W. The Proteome of the Murine Presynaptic Active Zone. Proteomes 2014, 2, 243-257. https ... Laßek, M.; Weingarten, J.; Volknandt, W. The Proteome of the Murine Presynaptic Active Zone. Proteomes 2014, 2, 243-257. https ...
Proteome Sciences are pleased to announce the receipt of Good Clinical Laboratory Practice (GCLP) accreditation which will ... Proteome Sciences plc announce Good Clinical Laboratory Practice Accreditation. Proteome Sciences are pleased to announce the ... Proteome Sciences are pleased to announce the receipt of Good Clinical Laboratory Practice (GCLP) accreditation which will ... Proteome Sciences are a Contract Research Organisation (CRO) specialising in the analysis of proteins detected by Mass ...
Since proteins are key regulators of cellular responses, investigation of proteome alterations during stress induction as well ... These changes include developmental and physiological alterations which influence the genome, proteome and metabolome profiles ... one opinion article.A significant portion of the research articles included in this research topic investigated the proteome ... Editorial: How Plants Deal with Stress: Exploration through Proteome Investigation. Dipanjana Ghosh1,2* Qingsong Lin2 Jian Xu2 ...
Have you used Proteome Profiler Human Angiogenesis Array Kit?. Submit a review and receive an Amazon gift card.. $25/€18/£15/$ ... Reviews for Proteome Profiler Human Angiogenesis Array Kit. Average Rating: 4.9 (Based on 10 Reviews) ... Citations for Proteome Profiler Human Angiogenesis Array Kit. R&D Systems personnel manually curate a database that contains ... Proteome Profiler Human Angiogenesis Array Kit Summary. Kit Summary. A membrane-based antibody array for the parallel ...
... World J Stem Cells 2013; 5(1): 9-25 ... Impact of the antiproliferative agent ciclopirox olamine treatment on stem cells proteome. World J Stem Cells 2013; 5(1): 9-25 ...
Serum Proteome Analysis for Profiling Predictive Protein Markers Associated with the Severity of Skin Lesions Induced by ... Proteomes 2013, 1, 25-39. https://doi.org/10.3390/proteomes1020025 AMA Style. Singh A, Munshi S, Raghavan V. Effect of External ... Proteomes 2013, 1, 25-39. https://doi.org/10.3390/proteomes1020025 AMA Style. Singh A, Munshi S, Raghavan V. Effect of External ... Proteomes 2013, 1(2), 25-39; https://doi.org/10.3390/proteomes1020025 Received: 1 May 2013 / Revised: 5 June 2013 / Accepted: ...
NYSE: HIT) and Oracle (Nasdaq: ORCL,) today announced that they have formed a landmark alliance to map the human proteome in ... Bringing together these three powerhouse companies to map the human proteome will lead to the understanding of the molecular ... This project will generate a massive amount of information about the human proteome, and Oracles database will store, analyze ... Myriad, Hitachi, Oracle & Friedli Join Forces To Map The Entire Human Proteome Apr 4, 2001 08:42 AM ...
The labelled proteome was visualised by in-gel fluorescence as in the case of proof-of-concept experiments. Since non-specific ... New chemical biology tools for proteome-wide of profiling of protein-protein interaction partners of post-translational ... Final Report Summary - PROBESPTRM (New chemical biology tools for proteome-wide of profiling of protein-protein interaction ... excluding the extensive proteome profiling has been already published (K. A. Kalesh, E. W. Tate. Org. Biomol. Chem. 2014, 12, ...
What PROTEOME SCIENCES does to protect your rights. The right to be informed. PROTEOME SCIENCES is publishing this Privacy ... PROTEOME SCIENCES will respect your legal rights to your data.. Below are the rights that you have under law, and what PROTEOME ... If PROTEOME SCIENCES or substantially all of its assets are acquired by a third party, personal data held by PROTEOME SCIENCES ... In addition, PROTEOME SCIENCES will share your personal data with third parties for the following reasons:. *If PROTEOME ...
View the Yael David Lab page for Next Generation Proteomic Tools for Understanding Modified Proteins and Proteomes. ...
Using quantitative proteome data of E. coli cultured under various conditions (Schmidt et al., Nature Biotechnology, 2016), we ... show that proteomes can be linked to and reconstructed from cellular Raman spectra. These results suggest that cellular Raman ...
Whitson, J.A., Johnson, R., Wang, L. et al. Age-related disruption of the proteome and acetylome in mouse hearts is associated ... Age-related disruption of the proteome and acetylome in mouse hearts is associated with loss of function and attenuated by ... Walther DM, Kasturi P, Mann M, Ulrich F, Correspondence H. Widespread proteome remodeling and aggregation in aging C.  ... Proteostasis and the aging proteome in health and disease. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 2014;69(Suppl 1):S33-8. https://doi. ...
Recently, a new human proteome (HuProt) microarray was developed, with about 80% coverage of the human proteome [14,15]. ... Identification of proteins that interact with alpha A-crystallin using a human proteome microarray. Qi Fan,1 Lv-Zhen Huang,2 ... Functional proteome microarrays were designed to screen interactions between proteins in a single experiment [13]. The major ... Human proteome microarrays. The HuProt microarray (CDI Laboratories, Inc., Mayaguez, Puerto Rico) was composed of 17,225 human ...
Interpreting functional effects of coding variants: challenges in proteome-scale prediction, annotation and assessment.. Title ... Interpreting functional effects of coding variants: challenges in proteome-scale prediction, annotation and assessment.. ... Interpreting functional effects of coding variants: challenges in proteome-scale prediction, annotation and assessment.. ... Interpreting functional effects of coding variants: challenges in proteome-scale prediction, annotation and assessment. ...
10X Wash Buffer (10X PBS, detergent, preservative) (500 ml) , MI20024 , BioServUKDescription:10X Wash Buffer (10X PBS, detergent, preservative) (500 ml)Storage conditions: AmbientShipping Conditions: Ambient ...
Uhlén M et al., Tissue-based map of the human proteome. Science (2015). PubMed: 25613900 DOI: 10.1126/science.1260419 ... The head and neck cancer proteome. Head and neck cancer arises in the nasal cavity, sinuses, lips, mouth, salivary glands, ... The head and neck cancer proteomeTCGA data analysisUnfavorable prognostic genes in head and neck cancerFavorable prognostic ... Here, we explore the head and neck cancer proteome using TCGA transcriptomics data and antibody-based protein data. 897 genes ...
Data from: Analysis of the cerebrospinal fluid proteome in Alzheimers disease. Khoonsari, Payam Emami, Uppsala University ... In the present study, we used label-free shotgun mass spectrometry to analyse the cerebrospinal fluid proteome of Alzheimers ... 2017). Data from: Analysis of the cerebrospinal fluid proteome in Alzheimers disease [Dataset]. Dryad. https://doi.org/10.5061 ...
  • The proteome is the entire set of proteins that is, or can be, expressed by a genome, cell, tissue, or organism at a certain time. (wikipedia.org)
  • A cellular proteome is the collection of proteins found in a particular cell type under a particular set of environmental conditions such as exposure to hormone stimulation. (wikipedia.org)
  • It can also be useful to consider an organism's complete proteome, which can be conceptualized as the complete set of proteins from all of the various cellular proteomes. (wikipedia.org)
  • The term proteome has also been used to refer to the collection of proteins in certain sub-cellular systems, such as organelles. (wikipedia.org)
  • For instance, the mitochondrial proteome may consist of more than 3000 distinct proteins. (wikipedia.org)
  • The proteins in a virus can be called a viral proteome. (wikipedia.org)
  • Usually viral proteomes are predicted from the viral genome but some attempts have been made to determine all the proteins expressed from a virus genome, i.e. the viral proteome. (wikipedia.org)
  • More often, however, virus proteomics analyzes the changes of host proteins upon virus infection, so that in effect two proteomes (of virus and its host) are studied. (wikipedia.org)
  • The genomes of viruses and prokaryotes encode a relatively well-defined proteome as each protein can be predicted with high confidence, based on its open reading frame (in viruses ranging from ~3 to ~1000, in bacteria ranging from about 500 proteins to about 10,000). (wikipedia.org)
  • In the ensuing decades, further technological and computational advances helped to refine these 'maps', with current estimates of the core mammalian mitochondrial proteome ranging from 1,000 to 1,500 proteins. (nature.com)
  • 2D-PAGE for proteome studies gives a map of proteins which reflect changes in protein expression levels, as well different isoforms and posttranslational modifications. (hindawi.com)
  • Due to the large number of proteins, no protein array platform has yet been designed that covers the entire human placental proteome. (hindawi.com)
  • A breakthrough for the identification of the proteome of the presynaptic active zone was the successful employment of antibodies directed against a cytosolic epitope of membrane integral synaptic vesicle proteins for the immunopurification of synaptic vesicles docked to the presynaptic plasma membrane. (mdpi.com)
  • Proteome Sciences are a Contract Research Organisation (CRO) specialising in the analysis of proteins detected by Mass Spectrometry. (the-scientist.com)
  • Since proteins are key regulators of cellular responses, investigations into proteome alterations during stress induction as well as recovery, can provide important information on how plants cope with stress factors. (frontiersin.org)
  • However, individual exposure to drought or heat stress did not show the above proteome alterations, indicating that these proteins are specifically required to resist the combinatorial effects of the above two stresses ( Zhao et al. ). (frontiersin.org)
  • To identify proteins interacting with alpha A-crystallin (CRYAA) and to investigate the potential role that these protein interactions play in the function of CRYAA using a human proteome (HuProt) microarray. (molvis.org)
  • The bovine milk proteome includes thousands of proteins. (cornell.edu)
  • This service is also equipped to facilitate large-scale systematic exploratory searches for proteins encompassing disorder features of interest, and further allows users to browse the prevalence of multiple disorder features at the proteome level. (biorxiv.org)
  • There are several methods developed to predict caspase cleavage sites from individual proteins, but currently none of them can be used to predict caspase cleavage sites from multiple proteins or entire proteomes, or to use several classifiers in combination. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Because the proteome is a continuously changing set of proteins that differs from cell to cell, it is challenging for scientists to capture and study it. (cdc.gov)
  • In 2014, scientists developed a draft map of the human proteome , which catalogued proteins encoded by over 17,000 human genes, or about 84% of all protein-coding genes in the human genome. (cdc.gov)
  • Proteomics is the study of the proteome. (wikipedia.org)
  • The use of proteomics or the study of the proteome is a step forward in personalized medicine to tailor drug cocktails to the patient's specific proteomic and genomic profile. (wikipedia.org)
  • Quantitative proteomics strategies such as SILAC and iTRAQ have been widely applied to study the dynamics of proteome. (genengnews.com)
  • This began to change 20 years ago when, driven by the emergence of mass spectrometry-based proteomics, the first draft mitochondrial proteomes were established. (nature.com)
  • Stable isotope-labeling proteomics are a powerful strategy that enable the assessment of proteome-wide dynamic fluxes in energy regulating biological interventions such as CR and mimetics. (escholarship.org)
  • In conclusion, a PCT-assisted label-free quantitative proteomics workflow that allowed cataloging the deepest gingival tissue proteome on a rapid timescale and provided novel mechanistic insights into host perturbation during periodontitis progression is applied. (bvsalud.org)
  • Through differential proteome analysis, this study evaluated changes in the expression of the protein profile of spermatozoa collected from 16 bulls with different levels of field fertility expressed as an estimated relative conception rate (ERCR). (rsc.org)
  • To improve differential proteome analysis among experimental groups, a part of shotgun MS analysis was also performed. (rsc.org)
  • Two‐dimensional electrophoresis of human placental mitochondria and protein identification by mass spectrometry: toward a human mitochondrial proteome. (nature.com)
  • Following identification above, Proteome Sciences now a develop a targeted SRM Mass Spectrometry based assay which, after validation, can be used for fit-for-purpose biomarker assays in a GCLP certified clinical trial environment. (the-scientist.com)
  • In the present study, we used label-free shotgun mass spectrometry to analyse the cerebrospinal fluid proteome of Alzheimer's disease patients and non-demented controls to identify potential biomarkers for Alzheimer's disease. (datadryad.org)
  • Fatemeh M. Membrane proteome for analysis by later mass spectrometry. (alliedacademies.org)
  • The determination of the plasma membrane (PM) proteome, resolution of membrane protein topology, establishment of numerous receptor protein complexes, identification of ligand-receptor pairs, and elucidation of signalling networks originating at the PM have all benefited from recent developments in proteomic mass spectrometry. (alliedacademies.org)
  • Marc Wilkins coined the term proteome in 1994 in a symposium on "2D Electrophoresis: from protein maps to genomes" held in Siena in Italy. (wikipedia.org)
  • We will choose 20-40 such peptides, in a fashion that ensures that virtually every protein in the human proteome contains a specific subset of the peptides. (europa.eu)
  • By applying the nanobodies in a combinatorial fashion, we will "read" the sequence of each protein in the preparation, which will result in an image of its whole proteome. (europa.eu)
  • The ability to reliably and reproducibly measure any protein of the human proteome in any tissue or cell type would be transformative for understanding systems-level properties as well as specific pathways in physiology and disease. (nih.gov)
  • ELISA kits cover 5% of the human proteome, so there are usually no available assay kits to these disease relevant protein biomarkers. (the-scientist.com)
  • This presentation will focus on defining the different protein classifications and their proportions within the milk proteome, and how nutrition can impact the milk protein profile being produced by dairy cattle. (cornell.edu)
  • To better understand membrane protein structure, protein-protein interactions, and signalling networks that emerge from the membrane surface, we briefly discuss recent MS developments to determine the entire membrane proteome. (alliedacademies.org)
  • By tracing significant alterations of protein expression likely relevant for the observed phenotypic effects, the capacity of a galectin to affect the proteome of human colon cancer cells at multiple sites is revealed. (uni-muenchen.de)
  • As a result, Disorder Atlas provides a user-friendly tool that places algorithm-generated disorder predictions in the context of the proteome, thereby providing an instrument to compare the results of a query protein against predictions made for an entire population. (biorxiv.org)
  • The UniProt Proteomes portal is currently offering protein sequence sets obtained from the translation of completely sequenced genomes. (biostars.org)
  • Studies of the human proteome have enabled scientists to track protein synthesis, modification, and degradation over time and across different cell types. (cdc.gov)
  • Pulmonary proteome and protein networks in response to the herbicide paraquat in rats. (cdc.gov)
  • These changes include developmental and physiological alterations which influence the genome, proteome, and metabolome of the plant. (frontiersin.org)
  • We use a subset of the RefSeq reasons to exclude a genome assembly to determine which proteomes to bring into UniProtKB and we will give the reason(s) why a proteome is excluded from UniProtKB. (biostars.org)
  • Here, we discuss the remarkable acceleration of the development of a full membrane proteome by discovery-based proteomic algorithms. (alliedacademies.org)
  • Published 20 April 2016 Hypoxia modulates global membrane proteome turnover in cancer cells, providing opportunities for tumor specific drug delivery. (lu.se)
  • The extent and complexity of the mitochondrial proteome remained unclear for decades. (nature.com)
  • Finally, we examine the utility of an expanded, functionally annotated mitochondrial proteome in a translational setting for aiding both diagnosis of mitochondrial disease and targeting of mitochondria for treatment. (nature.com)
  • High‐throughput profiling of the mitochondrial proteome using affinity fractionation and automation. (nature.com)
  • Nature Biotechnology , 2016), we show that proteomes can be linked to and reconstructed from cellular Raman spectra. (aps.org)
  • Taken together, cell size can alter cellular fitness and function through cumulative reorganization of the proteome and organelle content. (biorxiv.org)
  • Proteome-wide cellular thermal shift assay reveals unexpected cross-talk between brassinosteroid and auxin signaling," PROCEEDINGS OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES OF THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA , vol. 119, no. 11, 2022. (ugent.be)
  • The effects of PQ on cellular processes and biological pathways were investigated by analyzing proteome in the lung tissues in comparison with the control. (cdc.gov)
  • One of the major bottlenecks to proteome-wide binder selection is the limited supply of suitable target antigens representative of the human proteome. (nih.gov)
  • The Proteome Profiler Human Angiogenesis Array Kit is a membrane-based sandwich immunoassay. (rndsystems.com)
  • SALT LAKE CITY, TOKYO, AND REDWOOD SHORES, CALIF., April 4, 2001 - Myriad Genetics, Inc. (Nasdaq: MYGN), Hitachi, Ltd. (NYSE: HIT) and Oracle (Nasdaq: ORCL,) today announced that they have formed a landmark alliance to map the human proteome in less than three years. (hitachi.us)
  • Hampel M, Alonso E, Aparicio I, Santos JL & Leaver M (2015) Hepatic Proteome Analysis of Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar) After Exposure to Environmental Concentrations of Human Pharmaceuticals. (stir.ac.uk)
  • This year, scientists released a more complete map of the human proteome estimated to include more than 90% of the human proteome. (cdc.gov)
  • Exploring the Role of Aggregated Proteomes in the Pathogenesis of Alzheimer's Disease. (amrita.edu)
  • The proteome of the presynaptic active zone controls neurotransmitter release and the short- and long-term structural and functional dynamics of the nerve terminal. (mdpi.com)
  • Using mass spectrometric (MS) strategies has afforded scientists a never before seen understanding of how proteome dynamics stand at the center of phenotype, physiologic adaptation, and disease pathogenesis. (escholarship.org)
  • Overall, the work reported in this dissertation demonstrates how global proteome dynamics require NO for proper regulation, CR mimetics influence the proteome in similar mode, aerobic exercise has very different effects and CR effects on proteome fluxes are activated within a narrow and discrete time period. (escholarship.org)
  • Pressure Cycling Technology Assisted Mass Spectrometric Quantification of Gingival Tissue Reveals Proteome Dynamics during the Initiation and Progression of Inflammatory Periodontal Disease. (bvsalud.org)
  • The authors aimed to capture the dynamics of gingival tissue proteome during the initiation and progression of experimental ( ligature -induced) periodontitis in mice . (bvsalud.org)
  • Interpreting functional effects of coding variants: challenges in proteome-scale prediction, annotation and assessment. (ncbs.res.in)
  • The proteome can be used in order to comparatively analyze different cancer cell lines. (wikipedia.org)
  • Here, we applied a variety of simple bioinformatics tools to analyze 29 proteomes for representatives from all three kingdoms: eukaryotes, prokaryotes, and archaebacteria. (rostlab.org)
  • Proteome Sciences this week posted 2013 revenues of £2.14 million ($3.59 million), up 86 percent from £1.15 million in 2012. (genomeweb.com)
  • Proteome Sciences' net loss for the year was £3.15 million, or 1.62 pence per share, down 26 percent from £4.25 million, or 2.21 pence per share in 2012. (genomeweb.com)
  • Proteome Sciences are pleased to announce the receipt of Good Clinical Laboratory Practice (GCLP) accreditation which will enable the Company to extend its proteomic services to the analysis of clinical trial samples. (the-scientist.com)
  • Proteome Sciences is committed to protecting and respecting your privacy. (proteomics.com)
  • PROTEOME SCIENCES may collect information from you because we have a legal reason (allowed by law or under contract) to collect the information, or because you have consented for us to do so for a specific purpose. (proteomics.com)
  • Applying for a job at Proteome Sciences. (proteomics.com)
  • You may give us information for legal reasons, such as to enter into a contract with us, when you are buying goods or services from us, or when you are taking a job at Proteome Sciences. (proteomics.com)
  • Why does PROTEOME SCIENCES collect personal information? (proteomics.com)
  • What legal basis does PROTEOME SCIENCES have for processing my information? (proteomics.com)
  • All of these reasons are reasons PROTEOME SCIENCES may legally process the information we have about you. (proteomics.com)
  • Who might PROTEOME SCIENCES share your information with? (proteomics.com)
  • PROTEOME SCIENCES may share your personal information with third parties, either because you have consented to allow us to do so or for legal reasons. (proteomics.com)
  • Subsidiary companies within the Proteome Sciences Group, namely Electrophoretics Limited and Proteome Sciences R&D GmbH KG. (proteomics.com)
  • While proteome generally refers to the proteome of an organism, multicellular organisms may have very different proteomes in different cells, hence it is important to distinguish proteomes in cells and organisms. (wikipedia.org)
  • Dihazi GH, Bibi A, Jahn O, Nolte J, Mueller GA, Engel W, Dihazi H. Impact of the antiproliferative agent ciclopirox olamine treatment on stem cells proteome. (wjgnet.com)
  • To showcase the applicability of this method in plants, we applied CETSA MS to intact Arabidopsis thaliana cells and identified the thermal proteome of the plant-specific glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK3) inhibitor, bikinin. (ugent.be)
  • Analysis of organelle proteome expression identifies p53 and retinoblastoma pathways as mediators of size-scaling, consistent with their role in senescence. (biorxiv.org)
  • The Bovine Milk Proteome: What's in It and How Can It Be Manipulated? (cornell.edu)
  • A significant portion of the research articles included in this Research Topic investigated proteome level alterations in diverse organ parts of the plant body upon exposure to abiotic stress factors such as drought, salinity, and submergence. (frontiersin.org)
  • Here, we describe an experimental protocol to chemically tag and quantify the vascular cell surface proteome in murine models of bacteremia, in a time-resolved and. (lu.se)
  • this has aided in the thorough exploration of the PM proteome and represents an active area of research with considerable potential. (alliedacademies.org)
  • Surface associated glycoproteins of endothelial origin, or derived from pericytes, intravascular leukocytes, and plasma, are other important components of the glycocalyx, constituting a vascular cell surface proteome that is dynamic, tissue-specific, and sensitive to changes in vascular homeostasis, blood infection, and inflammation. (lu.se)
  • Here we have built a platform to house data that we collect on proteome plasticity. (weizmann.ac.il)
  • We will change these criteria to publish all proteomes that can be derived from NCBI genomes that are not considered to be low quality assemblies. (biostars.org)
  • Thus, when screening the placental proteome 2D-PAGE is still among the most accepted methods giving the highest coverage although this may soon change. (hindawi.com)
  • Welcome to the proteome atlas of the budding yeast! (weizmann.ac.il)
  • To begin to bridge this gap, we present Disorder Atlas, web-based software that facilitates the interpretation of intrinsic disorder predictions using proteome-based descriptive statistics. (biorxiv.org)
  • Disorder Atlas currently supports ten eukaryotic proteomes and is freely available for non-commercial users at http://www.disorderatlas.org . (biorxiv.org)
  • The removal of glycogen from the samples by centrifugation was crucial for the final proteome maps. (hindawi.com)
  • In the past decade, many initiatives were taken for the development of antibodies for proteome-wide studies, as well as characterisation and validation of clinically relevant disease biomarkers. (nih.gov)
  • Using quantitative proteome data of E. coli cultured under various conditions (Schmidt et al. (aps.org)
  • The Complete proteome keyword will be removed from all UniProtKB entries. (biostars.org)