Heparan Sulfate Proteoglycans
Ubiquitous macromolecules associated with the cell surface and extracellular matrix of a wide range of cells of vertebrate and invertebrate tissues. They are essential cofactors in cell-matrix adhesion processes, in cell-cell recognition systems, and in receptor-growth factor interactions. (From Cancer Metastasis Rev 1996; 15(2): 177-86; Hepatology 1996; 24(3): 524-32)
Chondroitin Sulfate Proteoglycans
Glycosaminoglycans
Heparitin Sulfate
Biglycan
Chondroitin Sulfates
Derivatives of chondroitin which have a sulfate moiety esterified to the galactosamine moiety of chondroitin. Chondroitin sulfate A, or chondroitin 4-sulfate, and chondroitin sulfate C, or chondroitin 6-sulfate, have the sulfate esterified in the 4- and 6-positions, respectively. Chondroitin sulfate B (beta heparin; DERMATAN SULFATE) is a misnomer and this compound is not a true chondroitin sulfate.
Decorin
A small leucine-rich proteoglycan that interacts with FIBRILLAR COLLAGENS and modifies the EXTRACELLULAR MATRIX structure of CONNECTIVE TISSUE. Decorin has also been shown to play additional roles in the regulation of cellular responses to GROWTH FACTORS. The protein contains a single glycosaminoglycan chain and is similar in structure to BIGLYCAN.
Keratan Sulfate
A sulfated mucopolysaccharide initially isolated from bovine cornea. At least two types are known. Type I, found mostly in the cornea, contains D-galactose and D-glucosamine-6-O-sulfate as the repeating unit; type II, found in skeletal tissues, contains D-galactose and D-galactosamine-6-O-sulfate as the repeating unit.
Dermatan Sulfate
Chondroitin
Sulfur Radioisotopes
Versicans
Syndecans
A family of transmembrane glycoproteins that contain a short cytoplasmic domain, a single-span transmembrane domain, and an extracellular domain with heparin sulfate and CHONDROITIN SULFATE chains. Syndecans interact with a variety of heparin-binding INTERCELLULAR SIGNALING PEPTIDES AND PROTEINS and may play a role in modulating cellular signaling during EMBRYONIC DEVELOPMENT, tumorigenesis, and angiogenesis.
Extracellular Matrix Proteins
Macromolecular organic compounds that contain carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and usually, sulfur. These macromolecules (proteins) form an intricate meshwork in which cells are embedded to construct tissues. Variations in the relative types of macromolecules and their organization determine the type of extracellular matrix, each adapted to the functional requirements of the tissue. The two main classes of macromolecules that form the extracellular matrix are: glycosaminoglycans, usually linked to proteins (proteoglycans), and fibrous proteins (e.g., COLLAGEN; ELASTIN; FIBRONECTINS; and LAMININ).
Heparin Lyase
An enzyme of the isomerase class that catalyzes the eliminative cleavage of polysaccharides containing 1,4-linked D-glucuronate or L-iduronate residues and 1,4-alpha-linked 2-sulfoamino-2-deoxy-6-sulfo-D-glucose residues to give oligosaccharides with terminal 4-deoxy-alpha-D-gluc-4-enuronosyl groups at their non-reducing ends. (From Enzyme Nomenclature, 1992) EC 4.2.2.7.
Chondroitin Lyases
Enzymes which catalyze the elimination of delta-4,5-D-glucuronate residues from polysaccharides containing 1,4-beta-hexosaminyl and 1,3-beta-D-glucuronosyl or 1,3-alpha-L-iduronosyl linkages thereby bringing about depolymerization. EC 4.2.2.4 acts on chondroitin sulfate A and C as well as on dermatan sulfate and slowly on hyaluronate. EC 4.2.2.5 acts on chondroitin sulfate A and C.
Chondroitin ABC Lyase
Cartilage
Heparin
A highly acidic mucopolysaccharide formed of equal parts of sulfated D-glucosamine and D-glucuronic acid with sulfaminic bridges. The molecular weight ranges from six to twenty thousand. Heparin occurs in and is obtained from liver, lung, mast cells, etc., of vertebrates. Its function is unknown, but it is used to prevent blood clotting in vivo and vitro, in the form of many different salts.
Polysaccharide-Lyases
Hyaluronic Acid
Laryngeal Cartilages
Chromatography, Gel
Uronic Acids
Extracellular Matrix
Aggrecans
Syndecan-4
Syndecan-1
Cartilage, Articular
Chromatography, Ion Exchange
Glypicans
Syndecan-2
Glycosides
Any compound that contains a constituent sugar, in which the hydroxyl group attached to the first carbon is substituted by an alcoholic, phenolic, or other group. They are named specifically for the sugar contained, such as glucoside (glucose), pentoside (pentose), fructoside (fructose), etc. Upon hydrolysis, a sugar and nonsugar component (aglycone) are formed. (From Dorland, 28th ed; From Miall's Dictionary of Chemistry, 5th ed)
Syndecan-3
Cells, Cultured
Cattle
Chromatography, Agarose
Lectins, C-Type
Sulfotransferases
Brevican
Collagen
Chondrosarcoma
A slowly growing malignant neoplasm derived from cartilage cells, occurring most frequently in pelvic bones or near the ends of long bones, in middle-aged and old people. Most chondrosarcomas arise de novo, but some may develop in a preexisting benign cartilaginous lesion or in patients with ENCHONDROMATOSIS. (Stedman, 25th ed)
Hyaluronoglucosaminidase
Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel
Nitrous Acid
Cornea
The transparent anterior portion of the fibrous coat of the eye consisting of five layers: stratified squamous CORNEAL EPITHELIUM; BOWMAN MEMBRANE; CORNEAL STROMA; DESCEMET MEMBRANE; and mesenchymal CORNEAL ENDOTHELIUM. It serves as the first refracting medium of the eye. It is structurally continuous with the SCLERA, avascular, receiving its nourishment by permeation through spaces between the lamellae, and is innervated by the ophthalmic division of the TRIGEMINAL NERVE via the ciliary nerves and those of the surrounding conjunctiva which together form plexuses. (Cline et al., Dictionary of Visual Science, 4th ed)
Centrifugation, Density Gradient
Protein Binding
Basement Membrane
A darkly stained mat-like EXTRACELLULAR MATRIX (ECM) that separates cell layers, such as EPITHELIUM from ENDOTHELIUM or a layer of CONNECTIVE TISSUE. The ECM layer that supports an overlying EPITHELIUM or ENDOTHELIUM is called basal lamina. Basement membrane (BM) can be formed by the fusion of either two adjacent basal laminae or a basal lamina with an adjacent reticular lamina of connective tissue. BM, composed mainly of TYPE IV COLLAGEN; glycoprotein LAMININ; and PROTEOGLYCAN, provides barriers as well as channels between interacting cell layers.
Microscopy, Electron
Microscopy using an electron beam, instead of light, to visualize the sample, thereby allowing much greater magnification. The interactions of ELECTRONS with specimens are used to provide information about the fine structure of that specimen. In TRANSMISSION ELECTRON MICROSCOPY the reactions of the electrons that are transmitted through the specimen are imaged. In SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPY an electron beam falls at a non-normal angle on the specimen and the image is derived from the reactions occurring above the plane of the specimen.
Oligosaccharides
Nasal Septum
Connective Tissue
Sclera
The white, opaque, fibrous, outer tunic of the eyeball, covering it entirely excepting the segment covered anteriorly by the cornea. It is essentially avascular but contains apertures for vessels, lymphatics, and nerves. It receives the tendons of insertion of the extraocular muscles and at the corneoscleral junction contains the canal of Schlemm. (From Cline et al., Dictionary of Visual Science, 4th ed)
Iduronic Acid
Urticaria Pigmentosa
Chromatography, Affinity
Fibroblasts
Molecular Sequence Data
Descriptions of specific amino acid, carbohydrate, or nucleotide sequences which have appeared in the published literature and/or are deposited in and maintained by databanks such as GENBANK, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), National Biomedical Research Foundation (NBRF), or other sequence repositories.
CHO Cells
Sulfuric Acids
Receptor-Like Protein Tyrosine Phosphatases, Class 5
Macromolecular Substances
Amino Acids
Chick Embryo
Cell Membrane
Glycocalyx
The carbohydrate-rich zone on the cell surface. This zone can be visualized by a variety of stains as well as by its affinity for lectins. Although most of the carbohydrate is attached to intrinsic plasma membrane molecules, the glycocalyx usually also contains both glycoproteins and proteoglycans that have been secreted into the extracellular space and then adsorbed onto the cell surface. (Alberts et al., Molecular Biology of the Cell, 3d ed, p502)
Amino Acid Sequence
Tendons
Cricetinae
Corneal Stroma
Intervertebral Disc
Fibroblast Growth Factor 2
A single-chain polypeptide growth factor that plays a significant role in the process of WOUND HEALING and is a potent inducer of PHYSIOLOGIC ANGIOGENESIS. Several different forms of the human protein exist ranging from 18-24 kDa in size due to the use of alternative start sites within the fgf-2 gene. It has a 55 percent amino acid residue identity to FIBROBLAST GROWTH FACTOR 1 and has potent heparin-binding activity. The growth factor is an extremely potent inducer of DNA synthesis in a variety of cell types from mesoderm and neuroectoderm lineages. It was originally named basic fibroblast growth factor based upon its chemical properties and to distinguish it from acidic fibroblast growth factor (FIBROBLAST GROWTH FACTOR 1).
Glycoproteins
Lipoproteins, LDL
A class of lipoproteins of small size (18-25 nm) and light (1.019-1.063 g/ml) particles with a core composed mainly of CHOLESTEROL ESTERS and smaller amounts of TRIGLYCERIDES. The surface monolayer consists mostly of PHOSPHOLIPIDS, a single copy of APOLIPOPROTEIN B-100, and free cholesterol molecules. The main LDL function is to transport cholesterol and cholesterol esters to extrahepatic tissues.
Lipoprotein Lipase
An enzyme of the hydrolase class that catalyzes the reaction of triacylglycerol and water to yield diacylglycerol and a fatty acid anion. The enzyme hydrolyzes triacylglycerols in chylomicrons, very-low-density lipoproteins, low-density lipoproteins, and diacylglycerols. It occurs on capillary endothelial surfaces, especially in mammary, muscle, and adipose tissue. Genetic deficiency of the enzyme causes familial hyperlipoproteinemia Type I. (Dorland, 27th ed) EC 3.1.1.34.
Carbohydrates
Organ Culture Techniques
Chromatography
Techniques used to separate mixtures of substances based on differences in the relative affinities of the substances for mobile and stationary phases. A mobile phase (fluid or gas) passes through a column containing a stationary phase of porous solid or liquid coated on a solid support. Usage is both analytical for small amounts and preparative for bulk amounts.
Immunohistochemistry
Rabbits
Fibronectins
Glycoproteins found on the surfaces of cells, particularly in fibrillar structures. The proteins are lost or reduced when these cells undergo viral or chemical transformation. They are highly susceptible to proteolysis and are substrates for activated blood coagulation factor VIII. The forms present in plasma are called cold-insoluble globulins.
Papain
Azirines
Carbohydrate Sequence
Skin
Osteoarthritis
A progressive, degenerative joint disease, the most common form of arthritis, especially in older persons. The disease is thought to result not from the aging process but from biochemical changes and biomechanical stresses affecting articular cartilage. In the foreign literature it is often called osteoarthrosis deformans.
Binding Sites
Tenascin
Hexameric extracellular matrix glycoprotein transiently expressed in many developing organs and often re-expressed in tumors. It is present in the central and peripheral nervous systems as well as in smooth muscle and tendons. (From Kreis & Vale, Guidebook to the Extracellular Matrix and Adhesion Proteins, 1993, p93)
Low Density Lipoprotein Receptor-Related Protein-1
RNA, Messenger
RNA sequences that serve as templates for protein synthesis. Bacterial mRNAs are generally primary transcripts in that they do not require post-transcriptional processing. Eukaryotic mRNA is synthesized in the nucleus and must be exported to the cytoplasm for translation. Most eukaryotic mRNAs have a sequence of polyadenylic acid at the 3' end, referred to as the poly(A) tail. The function of this tail is not known for certain, but it may play a role in the export of mature mRNA from the nucleus as well as in helping stabilize some mRNA molecules by retarding their degradation in the cytoplasm.
Chemistry
Collagen Type XVIII
Chemical Phenomena
Fibrillar Collagens
Uridine Diphosphate Glucose Dehydrogenase
Kidney Glomerulus
Blotting, Western
Coloring Agents
Laminin
Pentosyltransferases
Peptide Fragments
Endocytosis
Chemical Fractionation
Swine
Any of various animals that constitute the family Suidae and comprise stout-bodied, short-legged omnivorous mammals with thick skin, usually covered with coarse bristles, a rather long mobile snout, and small tail. Included are the genera Babyrousa, Phacochoerus (wart hogs), and Sus, the latter containing the domestic pig (see SUS SCROFA).
Signal Transduction
The intracellular transfer of information (biological activation/inhibition) through a signal pathway. In each signal transduction system, an activation/inhibition signal from a biologically active molecule (hormone, neurotransmitter) is mediated via the coupling of a receptor/enzyme to a second messenger system or to an ion channel. Signal transduction plays an important role in activating cellular functions, cell differentiation, and cell proliferation. Examples of signal transduction systems are the GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID-postsynaptic receptor-calcium ion channel system, the receptor-mediated T-cell activation pathway, and the receptor-mediated activation of phospholipases. Those coupled to membrane depolarization or intracellular release of calcium include the receptor-mediated activation of cytotoxic functions in granulocytes and the synaptic potentiation of protein kinase activation. Some signal transduction pathways may be part of larger signal transduction pathways; for example, protein kinase activation is part of the platelet activation signal pathway.
Electrophoresis, Agar Gel
Trypsin
Nose
Culture Techniques
Methods of maintaining or growing biological materials in controlled laboratory conditions. These include the cultures of CELLS; TISSUES; organs; or embryo in vitro. Both animal and plant tissues may be cultured by a variety of methods. Cultures may derive from normal or abnormal tissues, and consist of a single cell type or mixed cell types.
Epithelium
Transforming Growth Factor beta
A factor synthesized in a wide variety of tissues. It acts synergistically with TGF-alpha in inducing phenotypic transformation and can also act as a negative autocrine growth factor. TGF-beta has a potential role in embryonal development, cellular differentiation, hormone secretion, and immune function. TGF-beta is found mostly as homodimer forms of separate gene products TGF-beta1, TGF-beta2 or TGF-beta3. Heterodimers composed of TGF-beta1 and 2 (TGF-beta1.2) or of TGF-beta2 and 3 (TGF-beta2.3) have been isolated. The TGF-beta proteins are synthesized as precursor proteins.
Bone and Bones
Receptors, Fibroblast Growth Factor
Specific molecular sites or structures on cell membranes that react with FIBROBLAST GROWTH FACTORS (both the basic and acidic forms), their analogs, or their antagonists to elicit or to inhibit the specific response of the cell to these factors. These receptors frequently possess tyrosine kinase activity.
Fluorescent Antibody Technique
Test for tissue antigen using either a direct method, by conjugation of antibody with fluorescent dye (FLUORESCENT ANTIBODY TECHNIQUE, DIRECT) or an indirect method, by formation of antigen-antibody complex which is then labeled with fluorescein-conjugated anti-immunoglobulin antibody (FLUORESCENT ANTIBODY TECHNIQUE, INDIRECT). The tissue is then examined by fluorescence microscopy.
Tooth Calcification
Electrophoresis, Cellulose Acetate
Alcian Blue
A protein-glucan intermediate during paramylon synthesis. (1/6271)
A sodium deoxycholate extract containing glucosyltransferase activity was obtained from a particulate preparation from Euglena gracilis. It transferred glucose from UDP-[14C]glucose into material that was precipitated by trichloroacetic acid. This material released beta-(1 leads to 3)-glucan oligosaccharides into solution on incubation with weak acid, weak alkali and beta-(1 leads to 3)-glucosidase. The products of the incubation of the deoxycholate extract with UDP-[14C]glucose were analysed by sodium dodecyl sulphate/polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis. Radioactive bands were obtained that had the properties of beta-(1 leads to 3)-glucan covalently linked to protein by a bond labile to weak acid. High-molecular-weight material containing a beta-(1 leads to 3)-glucan was also shown to be present by gel filtration. The bond linking glucan to aglycone is possibly a pyrophosphate linkage. It is proposed that in Euglena gracilis beta-(1 leads to 3)-glucan (paramylon) is synthesized on a protein primer. (+info)Binding of the G domains of laminin alpha1 and alpha2 chains and perlecan to heparin, sulfatides, alpha-dystroglycan and several extracellular matrix proteins. (2/6271)
The C-terminal G domain of the mouse laminin alpha2 chain consists of five lamin-type G domain (LG) modules (alpha2LG1 to alpha2LG5) and was obtained as several recombinant fragments, corresponding to either individual modules or the tandem arrays alpha2LG1-3 and alpha2LG4-5. These fragments were compared with similar modules from the laminin alpha1 chain and from the C-terminal region of perlecan (PGV) in several binding studies. Major heparin-binding sites were located on the two tandem fragments and the individual alpha2LG1, alpha2LG3 and alpha2LG5 modules. The binding epitope on alpha2LG5 could be localized to a cluster of lysines by site-directed mutagenesis. In the alpha1 chain, however, strong heparin binding was found on alpha1LG4 and not on alpha1LG5. Binding to sulfatides correlated to heparin binding in most but not all cases. Fragments alpha2LG1-3 and alpha2LG4-5 also bound to fibulin-1, fibulin-2 and nidogen-2 with Kd = 13-150 nM. Both tandem fragments, but not the individual modules, bound strongly to alpha-dystroglycan and this interaction was abolished by EDTA but not by high concentrations of heparin and NaCl. The binding of perlecan fragment PGV to alpha-dystroglycan was even stronger and was also not sensitive to heparin. This demonstrated similar binding repertoires for the LG modules of three basement membrane proteins involved in cell-matrix interactions and supramolecular assembly. (+info)Proteoglycan involvement in polyamine uptake. (3/6271)
We have evaluated the possible role of proteoglycans in the uptake of spermine by human lung fibroblasts. Exogenous glycosaminoglycans behaved as competitive inhibitors of spermine uptake, the most efficient being heparan sulphate (Ki=0.16+/-0.04 microM). Treatment of fibroblasts with either heparan sulphate lyase, p-nitrophenyl-O-beta-D-xylopyranoside or chlorate reduced spermine uptake considerably, whereas chondroitin sulphate lyase had a limited effect. Inhibition of polyamine biosynthesis with alpha-difluoromethylornithine resulted in an increase of cell-associated heparan sulphate proteoglycans exhibiting higher affinity for spermine. The data indicate a specific role for heparan sulphate proteoglycans in the uptake of spermine by fibroblasts. Spermine uptake by pgsD-677, a mutant Chinese hamster ovary cell defective in heparan sulphate biosynthesis, was only moderately reduced (20%) compared with wild-type cells. Treatment of mutant cells with the above-mentioned xyloside resulted in a greater reduction of endogenous proteoglycan production as well as a higher inhibition of spermine uptake than in wild-type cells. Moreover, treatment with chondroitin sulphate lyase resulted in a selective inhibition of uptake in mutant cells, indicating a role for chondroitin/dermatan sulphate proteoglycans in the uptake of spermine by these cells. Fibroblasts, made growth-dependent on exogenous spermine by alpha-difluoromethylornithine treatment, were growth-inhibited by heparan sulphate or beta-D-xyloside, which might have future therapeutical implications. (+info)Inhibition of transforming growth factor beta production by nitric oxide-treated chondrocytes: implications for matrix synthesis. (4/6271)
OBJECTIVE: Nitric oxide (NO) is generated copiously by articular chondrocytes activated by interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta). If NO production is blocked, much of the IL-1beta inhibition of proteoglycan synthesis is prevented. We tested the hypothesis that this inhibitory effect of NO on proteoglycan synthesis is secondary to changes in chondrocyte transforming growth factor beta (TGFbeta). METHODS: Monolayer, primary cultures of lapine articular chondrocytes and cartilage slices were studied. NO production was determined as nitrite accumulation in the medium. TGFbeta bioactivity in chondrocyte- and cartilage-conditioned medium (CM) was measured with the mink lung epithelial cell bioassay. Proteoglycan synthesis was measured as the incorporation of 35S-sodium sulfate into macromolecules separated from unincorporated label by gel filtration on PD-10 columns. RESULTS: IL-1beta increased active TGFbeta in chondrocyte CM by 12 hours; by 24 hours, significant increases in both active and latent TGFbeta were detectable. NG-monomethyl-L-arginine (L-NMA) potentiated the increase in total TGFbeta without affecting the early TGFbeta activation. IL-1beta stimulated a NO-independent, transient increase in TGFbeta3 at 24 hours; however, TGFbeta1 was not changed. When NO synthesis was inhibited with L-NMA, IL-1beta increased CM concentrations of TGFbeta1 from 24-72 hours of culture. L-arginine (10 mM) reversed the inhibitory effect of L-NMA on NO production and blocked the increases in TGFbeta1. Anti-TGFbeta1 antibody prevented the restoration of proteoglycan synthesis by chondrocytes exposed to IL-1beta + L-NMA, confirming that NO inhibition of TGFbeta1 in IL-1beta-treated chondrocytes effected, in part, the decreased proteoglycan synthesis. Furthermore, the increase in TGFbeta and proteoglycan synthesis seen with L-NMA was reversed by the NO donor S-nitroso-N-acetylpenicillamide. Similar results were seen with cartilage slices in organ culture. The autocrine increase in CM TGFbeta1 levels following prior exposure to TGFbeta1 was also blocked by NO. CONCLUSION: NO can modulate proteoglycan synthesis indirectly by decreasing the production of TGFbeta1 by chondrocytes exposed to IL-1beta. It prevents autocrine-stimulated increases in TGFbeta1, thus potentially diminishing the anabolic effects of this cytokine in chondrocytes. (+info)Novel proteoglycan linkage tetrasaccharides of human urinary soluble thrombomodulin, SO4-3GlcAbeta1-3Galbeta1-3(+/-Siaalpha2-6)Galbeta1-4Xyl. (5/6271)
O-linked sugar chains with xylose as a reducing end linked to human urinary soluble thrombomodulin were studied. Sugar chains were liberated by hydrazinolysis followed by N-acetylation and tagged with 2-aminopyridine. Two fractions containing pyridylaminated Xyl as a reducing end were collected. Their structures were determined by partial acid hydrolysis, two-dimensional sugar mapping combined with exoglycosidase digestions, methylation analysis, mass spectrometry, and NMR as SO4-3GlcAbeta1-3Galbeta1-3(+/-Siaalpha2-6)Galbeta1+ ++-4Xyl. These sugar chains could bind to an HNK-1 monoclonal antibody. This is believed to be the first example of a proteoglycan linkage tetrasaccharide with glucuronic acid 3-sulfate and sialic acid. (+info)Association of the aggrecan keratan sulfate-rich region with collagen in bovine articular cartilage. (6/6271)
Aggrecan, the predominant large proteoglycan of cartilage, is a multidomain macromolecule with each domain contributing specific functional properties. One of the domains contains the majority of the keratan sulfate (KS) chain substituents and a protein segment with a proline-rich hexapeptide repeat sequence. The function of this domain is unknown but the primary structure suggests a potential for binding to collagen fibrils. We have examined binding of aggrecan fragments encompassing the KS-rich region in a solid-phase assay. A moderate affinity (apparent Kd = 1.1 microM) for isolated collagen II, as well as collagen I, was demonstrated. Enzymatic digestion of the KS chains did not alter the capacity of the peptide to bind to collagen, whereas cleavage of the protein core abolished the interaction. The distribution of the aggrecan KS-rich region in bovine tarsometatarsal joint cartilage was investigated using immunoelectron microscopy. Immunoreactivity was relatively low in the superficial zone and higher in the intermediate and deep zones of the uncalcified cartilage. Within the pericellular and territorial matrix compartments the epitopes representing the aggrecan KS-rich region were detected preferentially near or at collagen fibrils. Along the fibrils, epitope reactivity was non-randomly distributed, showing preference for the gap region within the D-period. Our data suggest that collagen fibrils interact with the KS-rich regions of several aggrecan monomers aligned within a proteoglycan aggregate. The fibril could therefore serve as a backbone in at least some of the aggrecan complexes. (+info)Distribution of chondroitin sulfate in cartilage proteoglycans under associative conditions. (7/6271)
Proteoglycan aggregates and proteoglycan subunits were extracted from bovine articular cartilage with guanidine-HC1 folowed by fractionation by equilibrium centrifugation in cesium chloride density gradients. The distribution of chondroitin sulfates (CS) in the cartilage proteoglycans was studied at the disaccharide level by digestion with chondroitinases. In the proteoglycan aggregate fraction, it was observed that the proportion of 4-sulfated disaccharide units to total CS increased from the bottom to the top fractions, whereas that of 6-sulfated disaccharide units was in the reverse order. Thus, the ratio of 4-sulfated disaccharide units to 6-sulfated disaccharide units increased significantly with decreasing density. The proportion of non-sulfated disaccharide units to total CS tended to increase with increasing density. These data indicate a polydisperse distribution of CS chains, under the conditions used here, in proteoglycan aggregates from bovine articular cartilage. (+info)Syndecan-1 expression has prognostic significance in head and neck carcinoma. (8/6271)
The syndecans are a family of cell-surface heparan sulphate proteoglycans that regulate cell behaviour by binding extracellular matrix molecules such as growth factors. The syndecan family has four members, of which syndecan-1 is the most studied and best characterized. We have studied the prognostic significance of syndecan-1 expression in squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the head and neck treated with surgery and post-operative radiotherapy. Paraffin-embedded tissue samples taken from 175 patients with primary SCC, followed up from 2 to 15 years after surgery, were studied for expression of syndecan-1 by immunohistochemistry. A low number (< or =50%, the median value) of syndecan-1-positive tumour cells was associated with low histological grade of differentiation (P<0.0001), a large primary tumour size (T1-2 vs. T3-4, P = 0.02), positive nodal status (NO vs. N1-3, P = 0.0006), and high clinical stage (stage I or II vs. III or IV, P<0.0001). Low syndecan-1 expression was also associated with unfavourable overall survival in a univariate analysis (P = 0.001). In a multivariate survival analysis, the clinical stage and syndecan-1 expression were the only independent prognostic factors. We conclude that syndecan-1 is a novel prognostic factor in SCC of the head and neck treated with surgery and post-operative radiotherapy. (+info)
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Proteoglycan
Proteoglycans are proteins that are heavily glycosylated. The basic proteoglycan unit consists of a "core protein" with one or ... Proteoglycans occur in connective tissue. Proteoglycans are categorized by their relative size (large and small) and the nature ... Iozzo, RV; Schaefer, L (March 2015). "Proteoglycan form and function: A comprehensive nomenclature of proteoglycans". Matrix ... Individual functions of proteoglycans can be attributed to either the protein core or the attached GAG chain. They can also ...
NG2 proteoglycan
PMID 14501214 Levine JM, Nishiyama A. "The NG2 chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan: a multifunctional proteoglycan associated with ... Neural/glial antigen 2, or NG2, is a rat integral membrane proteoglycan found in the plasma membrane of many diverse cell types ... "NG2 proteoglycan is expressed exclusively by mural cells during vascular morphogenesis." Dev. Dyn. (2001 Oct) 222(2):218 - 227 ... "Chondroitin sulphate proteoglycans: inhibitory components of the glial scar." Prog Brain Res. 2001;132:611-9. PMID 11545024. ...
Proteoglycan 4
... or lubricin is a proteoglycan that in humans is encoded by the PRG4 gene. It acts as a joint/boundary lubricant ... The evidence that lubricin is actually a proteoglycan is not solid. The expression of lubricin has also been detected and the ... and SZP are now collectively known as Proteoglycan 4 (hence PRG4 for the gene nomenclature). ...
Chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan
Chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans (CSPGs) are proteoglycans consisting of a protein core and a chondroitin sulfate side chain. ... Chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans are composed of a core protein and a sugar side chain. The core protein is generally a ... Chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans have been implicated in Alzheimer's disease, stroke, and epilepsy. The two primary markers of ... Galtrey, C. M.; Fawcett, J. W. (2007). "The role of chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans in regeneration and plasticity in the ...
N-acetylgalactosaminyl-proteoglycan 3-beta-glucuronosyltransferase
In enzymology, a N-acetylgalactosaminyl-proteoglycan 3-beta-glucuronosyltransferase (EC 2.4.1.226) is an enzyme that catalyzes ... beta-D-glucuronosyl-proteoglycan The 3 substrates of this enzyme are UDP-alpha-D-glucuronate, [[N-acetyl-beta-D-galactosaminyl ... 1->4)-beta-D-glucuronosyl-]], and proteoglycan, whereas its 3 products are UDP, [[beta-D-glucuronosyl-(1->3)-N-acetyl-beta-D- ... galactosaminyl-(1->4)-]], and beta-D-glucuronosyl-proteoglycan. This enzyme belongs to the family of glycosyltransferases, ...
N-acetylglucosaminyl-proteoglycan 4-beta-glucuronosyltransferase
In enzymology, a N-acetylglucosaminyl-proteoglycan 4-beta-glucuronosyltransferase (EC 2.4.1.225) is an enzyme that catalyzes ... beta-D-glucuronosyl-proteoglycan The 3 substrates of this enzyme are UDP-alpha-D-glucuronate, [[N-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosaminyl-( ... 1->4)-beta-D-glucuronosyl-]], and proteoglycan, whereas its 3 products are UDP, [[beta-D-glucuronosyl-(1->4)-N-acetyl-alpha-D- ... glucuronosyl-proteoglycan 4-beta-glucuronosyltransferase. Other names in common use include N-acetylglucosaminylproteoglycan ...
Glucuronyl-galactosyl-proteoglycan 4-a-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase
Glucuronyl-galactosyl-proteoglycan+4-alpha-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase at the US National Library of Medicine Medical ... Glucuronyl-galactosyl-proteoglycan 4-alpha-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase (EC 2.4.1.223, alpha-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase ... beta-D-xylosyl-proteoglycan This enzyme is involved in the initiation of heparin and heparan sulfate synthesis. Kitagawa H, ... beta-D-xylosyl-proteoglycan 4IV-alpha-N-acetyl-D-glucosaminyltransferase. This enzyme catalyses the following chemical reaction ...
Glucuronosyl-N-acetylgalactosaminyl-proteoglycan 4-b-N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase
Glucuronosyl-N-acetylgalactosaminyl-proteoglycan+4-beta-N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase at the US National Library of ... Glucuronosyl-N-acetylgalactosaminyl-proteoglycan 4-beta-N-acetylgalactosaminyltransferase (EC 2.4.1.175, N- ... N-acetyl-beta-D-galactosaminyl-proteoglycan This enzyme is involved in the biosynthesis of chondroitin sulfate. Rohrmann K, ... N-acetyl-beta-D-galactosaminyl-proteoglycan ⇌ {\displaystyle \rightleftharpoons } UDP + N-acetyl-beta-D-galactosaminyl-(1->4)- ...
Glucuronosyl-N-acetylglucosaminyl-proteoglycan 4-alpha-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase
Glucuronosyl-N-acetylglucosaminyl-proteoglycan+4-alpha-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase at the US National Library of Medicine ... Glucuronosyl-N-acetylglucosaminyl-proteoglycan 4-alpha-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase (EC 2.4.1.224, alpha-N- ... N-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosaminyl-proteoglycan This enzyme is involved in the biosynthesis of heparin and heparan sulfate. Kim BT, ... N-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosaminyl-proteoglycan ⇌ {\displaystyle \rightleftharpoons } UDP + N-acetyl-alpha-D-glucosaminyl-(1->4)- ...
Glypican
... -2 (GPC2) is a cell surface heparan sulfate proteoglycan that is important for neuronal cell adhesion and neurite ... Glypicans constitute one of the two major families of heparan sulfate proteoglycans, with the other major family being ... Filmus J, Selleck SB (August 2001). "Glypicans: proteoglycans with a surprise" (PDF). The Journal of Clinical Investigation. ...
Heparan sulfate
It occurs as a proteoglycan (HSPG, i.e. Heparan Sulfate ProteoGlycan) in which two or three HS chains are attached in close ... Jackson DG, Bell JI, Dickinson R, Timans J, Shields J, Whittle N (February 1995). "Proteoglycan forms of the lymphocyte homing ... Sarrazin S, Lamanna WC, Esko JD (July 2011). "Heparan Sulfate Proteoglycans". Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol. 3 (7): a004952. ... Iozzo RV (1998). "Matrix proteoglycans: from molecular design to cellular function". Annual Review of Biochemistry. 67: 609-52 ...
O-linked glycosylation
Different types of proteoglycans exist, depending on the sugar that is linked to the oxygen atom of the residue in the protein ... Proteoglycans are usually found on the cell surface and in the extracellular matrix (ECM), and are important for the strength ... Proteoglycans consist of a protein with one or more sugar side chains, known as glycosaminoglycans (GAGs), attached to the ... Absence of proteoglycans is associated with heart and respiratory failure, defects in skeletal development and increased tumor ...
Syndecan 1
The protein is a transmembrane (type I) heparan sulfate proteoglycan and is a member of the syndecan proteoglycan family. The ... Zhang X, Wu C, Song J, Götte M, Sorokin L (November 2013). "Syndecan-1, a cell surface proteoglycan, negatively regulates ... Piperigkou Z, Mohr B, Karamanos N, Götte M (September 2016). "Shed proteoglycans in tumor stroma". Cell and Tissue Research. ... Zhang L, David G, Esko JD (November 1995). "Repetitive Ser-Gly sequences enhance heparan sulfate assembly in proteoglycans". ...
Syndecan
Kim, CW; Goldberger, OA; Gallo, RL; Bernfield, M (1994). "Members of the syndecan family of heparan sulfate proteoglycans are ... Klaus Elenius & Markku Jalkanen (1994). "Function of the syndecans - a family of cell surface proteoglycans". Journal of Cell ... 1992). "Biology of syndecans: a family of transmembrane heparan sulfate proteoglycans". Annu. Rev. Cell Biol. 8: 365-393. doi: ... David, G. (1 August 1993). "Integral membrane heparan sulfate proteoglycans". FASEB J. 7 (11): 1023-1030. doi:10.1096/fasebj. ...
Golgi apparatus
Another important function of the Golgi apparatus is in the formation of proteoglycans. Enzymes in the Golgi append proteins to ... Prydz K, Dalen KT (January 2000). "Synthesis and sorting of proteoglycans". Journal of Cell Science. 113. 113 Pt 2 (2): 193-205 ... glycosaminoglycans, thus creating proteoglycans. Glycosaminoglycans are long unbranched polysaccharide molecules present in the ...
SPOCK1
"Entrez Gene: SPOCK1 sparc/osteonectin, cwcv and kazal-like domains proteoglycan (testican) 1". Périn JP, Alliel PM, Jollès P, ... Kohfeldt E, Maurer P, Vannahme C, Timpl R (1997). "Properties of the extracellular calcium binding module of the proteoglycan ... This gene encodes the protein core of a seminal plasma proteoglycan containing chondroitin- and heparan-sulfate chains. The ... Alliel PM, Perin JP, Jollès P, Bonnet FJ (1993). "Testican, a multidomain testicular proteoglycan resembling modulators of cell ...
Rosalind Kornfeld
The Biochemistry of Glycoproteins and Proteoglycans. Boston, MA: Springer US. ISBN 978-1-4684-1006-8. OCLC 840287599. Kornfeld ...
Hepatocyte growth factor
Proteoglycans: structure, biology and molecular interactions. Marcel Dekker Inc. New York, New York. pp. 27-59.{{cite book}}: ... of human mammary myoepithelial-like cells by hepatocyte growth factor/scatter factor depends on heparan sulfate proteoglycans ...
Fibromodulin
Halper J (2014). "Proteoglycans and diseases of soft tissues". Progress in Heritable Soft Connective Tissue Diseases. Adv. Exp ... Fibromodulin is a 42kDa protein of a family of small interstitial leucine-rich repeat proteoglycans (SLRPs). It can have up to ... Schaefer L, Gröne HJ, Raslik I, Robenek H, Ugorcakova J, Budny S, Schaefer RM, Kresse H (Oct 2000). "Small proteoglycans of ... Smith MM, Melrose J (2015). "Proteoglycans in normal and healing skin". Adv Wound Care. 4 (3): 152-73. doi:10.1089/wound. ...
Extracellular matrix
Proteoglycans may also help to trap and store growth factors within the ECM. Described below are the different types of ... It occurs as a proteoglycan (PG) in which two or three HS chains are attached in close proximity to cell surface or ECM ... Iozzo RV (1998). "Matrix proteoglycans: from molecular design to cellular function". Annual Review of Biochemistry. 67 (1): 609 ... Proteoglycans have a net negative charge that attracts positively charged sodium ions (Na+), which attracts water molecules via ...
Major basic protein
"Entrez Gene: PRG2 proteoglycan 2, bone marrow (natural killer cell activator, eosinophil granule major basic protein)". PDB: ... Eosinophil major basic protein, often shortened to major basic protein (MBP; also called Proteoglycan 2 (PRG2)) is encoded in ... Instead, MBP recognises heparan sulfate proteoglycans. Two crystallographic structures of MBP have been determined. Major basic ... Bone marrow proteoglycan) at the PDBe-KB. (Genes on human chromosome 11, Human proteins). ...
Glycosaminoglycan
Keratan sulfate may modify core proteins through N-linked glycosylation or O-linked glycosylation of the proteoglycan. The ... Additionally, for three other keratan sulfated proteoglycans, lumican, keratocan, and mimecan (OGN), the consensus sequence NX( ... Proteoglycans: structure, biology and molecular interactions. New York: Marcel Dekker Inc. pp. 27-59. ISBN 978-0-8247-0334-9.{{ ... HSGAG and CSGAG modified proteoglycans first begin with a consensus Ser-Gly/Ala-X-Gly motif in the core protein. Construction ...
Skin
... embedded in hyaluronan and proteoglycans. Skin proteoglycans are varied and have very specific locations. For example, ... Smith, Margaret Mary; Melrose, James (March 2015). "Proteoglycans in Normal and Healing Skin". Advances in Wound Care. 4 (3): ... Iozzo, Renato V. (August 2005). "Basement membrane proteoglycans: from cellar to ceiling". Nature Reviews Molecular Cell ...
Endogalactosaminidase
Lennarz WJ (1980). The Biochemistry of Glycoproteins and Proteoglycans. Boston, MA: Springer US. p. 227. ISBN 9781468410068. ...
Heparin
Bland CE, Ginsburg H, Silbert JE, Metcalfe DD (August 1982). "Mouse heparin proteoglycan. Synthesis by mast cell-fibroblast ...
Decorin
... is a proteoglycan that is on average 90 - 140 kilodaltons (kDa) in molecular weight. It belongs to the small leucine- ... Krumdieck R, Höök M, Rosenberg LC, Volanakis JE (December 1992). "The proteoglycan decorin binds C1q and inhibits the activity ... Fisher LW, Termine JD, Young MF (March 1989). "Deduced protein sequence of bone small proteoglycan I (biglycan) shows homology ... Yamaguchi Y, Mann DM, Ruoslahti E (July 1990). "Negative regulation of transforming growth factor-beta by the proteoglycan ...
Blood group B branched chain alpha-1,3-galactosidase
Heparanase Bame KJ (June 2001). "Heparanases: endoglycosidases that degrade heparan sulfate proteoglycans". Glycobiology. 11 (6 ... beta-D-glycosidic bonds of heparan sulfate chains in heparan sulfate proteoglycan Heparanase cleaves the linkage between a ...
Enamel lamellae
These structures contain proteins, proteoglycans, and lipids. Enamel lamellae should not be confused with two similar entities ...
Carbohydrate sulfotransferase
Chondroitin sulfate constitutes the predominant proteoglycan present in cartilage and is distributed on the surfaces of many ... Rosenberg, RD.; Shworak, NW.; Liu, J.; Schwartz, JJ.; Zhang, L. (May 1997). "Heparan sulfate proteoglycans of the ...
Histology of the vocal cords
Pawlak AS, Hammond T, Hammond E, Gray SD (January 1996). "Immunocytochemical study of proteoglycans in vocal folds". Ann. Otol ... proteoglycan like fibromodulin, decorin and versican. All these extracellular matrix components together regulate the water ...
JCI -
Borrelia burgdorferi bind to epithelial cell proteoglycans.
Cell surface heparan sulfate proteoglycans control adhesion and invasion of breast carcinoma cells
Cell surface proteoglycans, notably syndecan-2, may be important regulators of breast carcinoma progression through regulation ... Cell surface heparan sulfate proteoglycans control adhesion and invasion of breast carcinoma cells Mol Cancer. 2015 Jan 27;14(1 ... The syndecan family of transmembrane proteoglycans are virtually ubiquitous cell surface receptors that are implicated in the ... Conclusion: Cell surface proteoglycans, notably syndecan-2, may be important regulators of breast carcinoma progression through ...
HAPLN3 hyaluronan and proteoglycan link protein 3 [Homo sapiens (human)] - Gene - NCBI
hyaluronan and proteoglycan link protein 3. Names. extracellular link domain containing, 1. NP_001294881.1. *EC 3.1.2.15 ... hyaluronan and proteoglycan link protein 3provided by HGNC. Primary source. HGNC:HGNC:21446 See related. Ensembl: ... This gene belongs to the hyaluronan and proteoglycan binding link protein gene family. The protein encoded by this gene may ... HAPLN3 hyaluronan and proteoglycan link protein 3 [ Homo sapiens (human) ] Gene ID: 145864, updated on 12-Aug-2022 ...
Proteoglycan - Lupus Research
Report on the 11th International Conference on Proteoglycans
... and that the atmosphere of proteoglycan conferences is always wonderful. The next international proteoglycan conference will be ... The 2nd International Conference on Proteoglycans was held in the UK, the 3rd in Italy, the 4th in Sweden, the 5th in Brazil, ... Report on the 11th International Conference on Proteoglycans Conference Reports. Feb. 03, 2020. Report on the 11th ... The 1st International Conference on Proteoglycans took place in Japan in 1999 - that is to say, this is a Japan-originated ...
KEGG PATHWAY: Proteoglycans in cancer - Homo sapiens (human)
... dematan sulfate proteoglycans (DSPG) and keratan sulfate proteoglycans (KSPGs) [BR:00535]. Among these proteoglycans such as HA ... Proteoglycans in cancer - Homo sapiens (human) [ Pathway menu , Organism menu , Pathway entry , Download KGML , Show ... heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs), chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans (CSPGs), ... Many proteoglycans (PGs) in the tumor microenvironment have been shown to be key macromolecules that contribute to biology of ...
Plus it
Notch-Directed Germ Cell Proliferation Is Mediated by Proteoglycan-Dependent Transcription. Sandeep Gopal, Aqilah Amran, Andre ... Notch-Directed Germ Cell Proliferation Is Mediated by Proteoglycan-Dependent Transcription Message Subject (Your Name) has ... Our data reveals that SDN-1 (syndecan-1), a transmembrane proteoglycan, regulates a TRP calcium channel in the soma to modulate ...
First report of congenital or infantile cataract in deranged proteoglycan metabolism with released xylose | British Journal of...
First report of congenital or infantile cataract in deranged proteoglycan metabolism with released xylose ... First report of congenital or infantile cataract in deranged proteoglycan metabolism with released xylose ... First report of congenital or infantile cataract in deranged proteoglycan metabolism with released xylose ...
Heparan sulfate proteoglycans are critical for the organization of the extracellular distribution of Wingless | Development |...
Heparan sulfate proteoglycans are critical for the organization of the extracellular distribution of Wingless G.H. Baeg, G.H. ... G.H. Baeg, X. Lin, N. Khare, S. Baumgartner, N. Perrimon; Heparan sulfate proteoglycans are critical for the organization of ... Heparan sulfate proteoglycans of the cardiovascular system. Specific structures emerge but how is synthesis regulated?. ... Heparan sulfate proteoglycans are essential for FGF receptor signaling during Drosophila embryonic development. ...
A Hyaluronan and Proteoglycan Link Protein 1 Matrikine: Role of Matrix Metalloproteinase 2 in Multiple Myeloma NF-κB Activation...
A Hyaluronan and Proteoglycan Link Protein 1 Matrikine: Role of Matrix Metalloproteinase 2 in Multiple Myeloma NF-κB Activation ... We previously found that fragments of, but not full-length, hyaluronan and proteoglycan link protein 1 (HAPLN1), produced by ... Christina Mark, Jay Warrick, Natalie S. Callander, Peiman Hematti, Shigeki Miyamoto; A Hyaluronan and Proteoglycan Link Protein ...
Proteoglycans play a role in the viscoelastic behaviour of the canine cranial cruciate ligament<...
Proteoglycans play a role in the viscoelastic behaviour of the canine cranial cruciate ligament. / Readioff, Rosti; Geraghty, ... Proteoglycans play a role in the viscoelastic behaviour of the canine cranial cruciate ligament. In: Frontiers in ... Readioff R, Geraghty B, Kharaz YA, Elsheikh A, Comerford E. Proteoglycans play a role in the viscoelastic behaviour of the ... Readioff, R., Geraghty, B., Kharaz, Y. A., Elsheikh, A., & Comerford, E. (2022). Proteoglycans play a role in the viscoelastic ...
Effects of free and bound insulin‐like growth factors on proteoglycan metabolism in articular cartilage explants<...
... tissue levels of proteoglycans fell over the culture period because of lower rates of proteoglycan synthesis. Analysis of the ... tissue levels of proteoglycans fell over the culture period because of lower rates of proteoglycan synthesis. Analysis of the ... tissue levels of proteoglycans fell over the culture period because of lower rates of proteoglycan synthesis. Analysis of the ... tissue levels of proteoglycans fell over the culture period because of lower rates of proteoglycan synthesis. Analysis of the ...
Glomerular basement membrane proteoglycans are derived from a large precursor. | Journal of Cell Biology | Rockefeller...
The basement membrane heparan sulfate proteoglycan produced by the Englebreth-Holm-Swarm (EHS) tumor and by glomeruli were ... Glomerular basement membrane proteoglycans are derived from a large precursor. D J Klein, D J Klein ... The proteoglycans contained core proteins of varying size (Mr = 150,000 to 400,000) with a Mr = 250,000 species being ... This antibody did not, however, react with the P44 fragment, a peptide situated at one end of the EHS proteoglycan core protein ...
Transient synovitis of the hip in the child: Increased levels of proteoglycan fragments in joint fluid<...
The levels of proteoglycan antigen were measured in joint aspirates from the hip of children with transient synovitis, septic ... Lohmander S, Wingstrand H, Heinegard D. Transient synovitis of the hip in the child: Increased levels of proteoglycan fragments ... Transient synovitis of the hip in the child : Increased levels of proteoglycan fragments in joint fluid. / Lohmander, Stefan; ... Lohmander, S, Wingstrand, H & Heinegard, D 1988, Transient synovitis of the hip in the child: Increased levels of proteoglycan ...
Gene therapy for meniscal injury: Enhanced synthesis of proteoglycan and collagen by meniscal cells transduced with a TGFβ<sub...
Transduction with the TGFβ1 gene, but not marker genes, increased the synthesis of collagen and proteoglycan by 8-15-fold. The ... Transduction with the TGFβ1 gene, but not marker genes, increased the synthesis of collagen and proteoglycan by 8-15-fold. The ... Transduction with the TGFβ1 gene, but not marker genes, increased the synthesis of collagen and proteoglycan by 8-15-fold. The ... Transduction with the TGFβ1 gene, but not marker genes, increased the synthesis of collagen and proteoglycan by 8-15-fold. The ...
CCN2/CTGF binds the small leucine rich proteoglycan protein Tsukushi<...
CCN2/CTGF binds the small leucine rich proteoglycan protein Tsukushi. Kunimasa Ohta, Eriko Aoyama, Shah Adil Ishtiyaq Ahmad, ... CCN2/CTGF binds the small leucine rich proteoglycan protein Tsukushi. Journal of Cell Communication and Signaling. 2019 Mar 1; ... CCN2/CTGF binds the small leucine rich proteoglycan protein Tsukushi. / Ohta, Kunimasa; Aoyama, Eriko; Ahmad, Shah Adil ... CCN2/CTGF binds the small leucine rich proteoglycan protein Tsukushi. In: Journal of Cell Communication and Signaling. 2019 ; ...
Local depletion of proteoglycans mediates cartilage tissue repair in an ex vivo integration model. - Nuffield Department of...
These observations suggest that catabolic enzyme-mediated proteoglycan depletion likely allows existing collagen fibrils to ... but rather local depletion of proteoglycans. ADAMTS4 expression and activity are upregulated in injured cartilage explants, but ... found that integration of damaged cartilage surfaces is driven by catabolic enzyme-mediated local depletion of proteoglycans. ... Local depletion of proteoglycans mediates cartilage tissue repair in an ex vivo integration model. Share Share Share ...
Isolation and partial characterization of proteoglycans from rat incisors.
... the amino acid compositions of the major proteoglycans of rat incisors resembled that of bovine nasal cartilage proteoglycans, ... Two proteoglycan populations were found in the initial extract (Pd-PG I and Pd-PG II), whereas only one fraction (D-PG) was ... Newly synthesized proteoglycans of rat incisors were labelled in vivo for 6h with [35S]-sulphate in order to facilitate their ... The minor proteoglycan fraction from the first extract, Pd-PG I, although not totally characterized, differed sharply from the ...
Brain ageing changes proteoglycan sulfation, rendering perineuronal nets more inhibitory - Figure f3 | Aging
Proteoglycan 4 is a diagnostic biomarker for COPD<...
Proteoglycan 4 is a diagnostic biomarker for COPD. Kang Yun Lee, Hsiao Chi Chuang, Tzu Tao Chen, Wen Te Liu, Chien-Ling Su, Po ... Lee, KY, Chuang, HC, Chen, TT, Liu, WT, Su, C-L, Feng, PH, Chiang, LL, Bien, MY & Ho, SC 2015, Proteoglycan 4 is a diagnostic ... Proteoglycan 4 is a diagnostic biomarker for COPD. / Lee, Kang Yun; Chuang, Hsiao Chi; Chen, Tzu Tao 等. ... Proteoglycan 4 is a diagnostic biomarker for COPD. 於: International Journal of COPD. 2015 ; 卷 10, 編號 1. 頁 1999-2007. ...
A rise from obscurity - proteoglycans come into focus<...
Turnbull J. A rise from obscurity - proteoglycans come into focus. Nature Cell Biology. 2001 Sep 1;3:E214. doi: 10.1038/ncb0901 ... A rise from obscurity - proteoglycans come into focus. / Turnbull, Jeremy.. In: Nature Cell Biology, Vol. 3, 01.09.2001, p. ... A rise from obscurity - proteoglycans come into focus. In: Nature Cell Biology. 2001 ; Vol. 3. pp. E214. ... Turnbull, J. (2001). A rise from obscurity - proteoglycans come into focus. Nature Cell Biology, 3, E214. https://doi.org/ ...
Details for: Functions of the proteoglycans. › WHO HQ Library catalog
Proteoglycans Ampoules (10 ampullen) | SkinsClinique
Basement Membrane Proteoglycans - John Couchman
Basement Membrane Proteoglycans Couchman, John R. University of Alabama Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, United States ... Wu, R R; Couchman, J R (1997) cDNA cloning of the basement membrane chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan core protein, bamacan: a ... Erickson, A C; Couchman, J R (2001) Basement membrane and interstitial proteoglycans produced by MDCK cells correspond to those ... Bamacan is a chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan that may regulate basement membrane stability since its expression is low in ...
Proteoglycans Ampoules - Monica Tolan The Skin Experts
Systemic Sclerosis: Background, Pathophysiology, Etiology
Distinct Binding Interactions of α5<em>β</em>1-Integrin and Proteoglycans with Fibronectin - ePrints - Newcastle...
Proteoglycan-induced polyarthritis and spondylitis adoptively transferred to naive (nonimmunized) BALB/c mice. | Profiles RNS
MCCosmetics NY | Prof. Proteoglycans | 10 x 2ml ampoules - Keeping Lusty
KUMIKO Skincare - Matcha Intense Recovery - Proteoglycans Plus | Kumiko Skincare US
MATCHA INTENSE RECOVERY PROTEOGLYCANS PLUS - Anti-aging Concentrates KUMIKO™ Matcha Intense Recovery Proteoglycans Plus is a ... Proteoglycans: It is a natural macromolecule that restores epidermal cells and intensifies the metabolism of connective tissue ... Proteoglycans: It is a natural macromolecule that restores epidermal cells and intensifies the metabolism of connective tissue ... Proteoglycans penetrate tissues, accumulate moisture, and create a tightening effect in the treated area, smoothing lines and ...