Proteinuria. Medical search

The presence of proteins in the urine, an indicator of KIDNEY DISEASES.

A cluster of convoluted capillaries beginning at each nephric tubule in the kidney and held together by connective tissue.

A condition characterized by severe PROTEINURIA, greater than 3.5 g/day in an average adult. The substantial loss of protein in the urine results in complications such as HYPOPROTEINEMIA; generalized EDEMA; HYPERTENSION; and HYPERLIPIDEMIAS. Diseases associated with nephrotic syndrome generally cause chronic kidney dysfunction.

Highly differentiated epithelial cells of the visceral layer of BOWMAN CAPSULE of the KIDNEY. They are composed of a cell body with major CELL SURFACE EXTENSIONS and secondary fingerlike extensions called pedicels. They enwrap the KIDNEY GLOMERULUS capillaries with their cell surface extensions forming a filtration structure. The pedicels of neighboring podocytes interdigitate with each other leaving between them filtration slits that are bridged by an extracellular structure impermeable to large macromolecules called the slit diaphragm, and provide the last barrier to protein loss in the KIDNEY.

A clinicopathological syndrome or diagnostic term for a type of glomerular injury that has multiple causes, primary or secondary. Clinical features include PROTEINURIA, reduced GLOMERULAR FILTRATION RATE, and EDEMA. Kidney biopsy initially indicates focal segmental glomerular consolidation (hyalinosis) or scarring which can progress to globally sclerotic glomeruli leading to eventual KIDNEY FAILURE.

Inflammation of the renal glomeruli (KIDNEY GLOMERULUS) that can be classified by the type of glomerular injuries including antibody deposition, complement activation, cellular proliferation, and glomerulosclerosis. These structural and functional abnormalities usually lead to HEMATURIA; PROTEINURIA; HYPERTENSION; and RENAL INSUFFICIENCY.

A type of glomerulonephritis that is characterized by the accumulation of immune deposits (COMPLEMENT MEMBRANE ATTACK COMPLEX) on the outer aspect of the GLOMERULAR BASEMENT MEMBRANE. It progresses from subepithelial dense deposits, to basement membrane reaction and eventual thickening of the basement membrane.

Pathological processes of the KIDNEY or its component tissues.

Body organ that filters blood for the secretion of URINE and that regulates ion concentrations.

A chronic form of glomerulonephritis characterized by deposits of predominantly IMMUNOGLOBULIN A in the mesangial area (GLOMERULAR MESANGIUM). Deposits of COMPLEMENT C3 and IMMUNOGLOBULIN G are also often found. Clinical features may progress from asymptomatic HEMATURIA to END-STAGE KIDNEY DISEASE.

Pathological processes of the KIDNEY without inflammatory or neoplastic components. Nephrosis may be a primary disorder or secondary complication of other diseases. It is characterized by the NEPHROTIC SYNDROME indicating the presence of PROTEINURIA and HYPOALBUMINEMIA with accompanying EDEMA.

PUROMYCIN derivative that lacks the methoxyphenylalanyl group on the amine of the sugar ring. It is an antibiotic with antineoplastic properties and can cause nephrosis.

The volume of water filtered out of plasma through glomerular capillary walls into Bowman's capsules per unit of time. It is considered to be equivalent to INULIN clearance.

KIDNEY injuries associated with diabetes mellitus and affecting KIDNEY GLOMERULUS; ARTERIOLES; KIDNEY TUBULES; and the interstitium. Clinical signs include persistent PROTEINURIA, from microalbuminuria progressing to ALBUMINURIA of greater than 300 mg/24 h, leading to reduced GLOMERULAR FILTRATION RATE and END-STAGE RENAL DISEASE.

Examination of urine by chemical, physical, or microscopic means. Routine urinalysis usually includes performing chemical screening tests, determining specific gravity, observing any unusual color or odor, screening for bacteriuria, and examining the sediment microscopically.

The presence of albumin in the urine, an indicator of KIDNEY DISEASES.

Inflammation of any part of the KIDNEY.

Presence of blood in the urine.

Glomerulonephritis associated with autoimmune disease SYSTEMIC LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS. Lupus nephritis is histologically classified into 6 classes: class I - normal glomeruli, class II - pure mesangial alterations, class III - focal segmental glomerulonephritis, class IV - diffuse glomerulonephritis, class V - diffuse membranous glomerulonephritis, and class VI - advanced sclerosing glomerulonephritis (The World Health Organization classification 1982).

Chronic glomerulonephritis characterized histologically by proliferation of MESANGIAL CELLS, increase in the MESANGIAL EXTRACELLULAR MATRIX, and a thickening of the glomerular capillary walls. This may appear as a primary disorder or secondary to other diseases including infections and autoimmune disease SYSTEMIC LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS. Various subtypes are classified by their abnormal ultrastructures and immune deposits. Hypocomplementemia is a characteristic feature of all types of MPGN.

The end-stage of CHRONIC RENAL INSUFFICIENCY. It is characterized by the severe irreversible kidney damage (as measured by the level of PROTEINURIA) and the reduction in GLOMERULAR FILTRATION RATE to less than 15 ml per min (Kidney Foundation: Kidney Disease Outcome Quality Initiative, 2002). These patients generally require HEMODIALYSIS or KIDNEY TRANSPLANTATION.

Laboratory tests used to evaluate how well the kidneys are working through examination of blood and urine.

A kidney disease with no or minimal histological glomerular changes on light microscopy and with no immune deposits. It is characterized by lipid accumulation in the epithelial cells of KIDNEY TUBULES and in the URINE. Patients usually show NEPHROTIC SYNDROME indicating the presence of PROTEINURIA with accompanying EDEMA.

A class of drugs whose main indications are the treatment of hypertension and heart failure. They exert their hemodynamic effect mainly by inhibiting the renin-angiotensin system. They also modulate sympathetic nervous system activity and increase prostaglandin synthesis. They cause mainly vasodilation and mild natriuresis without affecting heart rate and contractility.

Inflammation of the interstitial tissue of the kidney. This term is generally used for primary inflammation of KIDNEY TUBULES and/or surrounding interstitium. For primary inflammation of glomerular interstitium, see GLOMERULONEPHRITIS. Infiltration of the inflammatory cells into the interstitial compartment results in EDEMA, increased spaces between the tubules, and tubular renal dysfunction.

Long convoluted tubules in the nephrons. They collect filtrate from blood passing through the KIDNEY GLOMERULUS and process this filtrate into URINE. Each renal tubule consists of a BOWMAN CAPSULE; PROXIMAL KIDNEY TUBULE; LOOP OF HENLE; DISTAL KIDNEY TUBULE; and KIDNEY COLLECTING DUCT leading to the central cavity of the kidney (KIDNEY PELVIS) that connects to the URETER.

The layer of EXTRACELLULAR MATRIX that lies between the ENDOTHELIUM of the glomerular capillaries and the PODOCYTES of the inner or visceral layer of the BOWMAN CAPSULE. It is the product of these two cell types. It acts as a physical barrier and an ion-selective filter.

PRESSURE of the BLOOD on the ARTERIES and other BLOOD VESSELS.

The worsening of a disease over time. This concept is most often used for chronic and incurable diseases where the stage of the disease is an important determinant of therapy and prognosis.

Excision of kidney.

Renal syndrome in human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients characterized by nephrotic syndrome, severe proteinuria, focal and segmental glomerulosclerosis with distinctive tubular and interstitial changes, enlarged kidneys, and peculiar tubuloreticular structures. The syndrome is distinct from heroin-associated nephropathy as well as other forms of kidney disease seen in HIV-infected patients.

Persistent high BLOOD PRESSURE due to KIDNEY DISEASES, such as those involving the renal parenchyma, the renal vasculature, or tumors that secrete RENIN.

The transference of a kidney from one human or animal to another.

A complication of PREGNANCY, characterized by a complex of symptoms including maternal HYPERTENSION and PROTEINURIA with or without pathological EDEMA. Symptoms may range between mild and severe. Pre-eclampsia usually occurs after the 20th week of gestation, but may develop before this time in the presence of trophoblastic disease.

Agents that suppress immune function by one of several mechanisms of action. Classical cytotoxic immunosuppressants act by inhibiting DNA synthesis. Others may act through activation of T-CELLS or by inhibiting the activation of HELPER CELLS. While immunosuppression has been brought about in the past primarily to prevent rejection of transplanted organs, new applications involving mediation of the effects of INTERLEUKINS and other CYTOKINES are emerging.

One of the ANGIOTENSIN-CONVERTING ENZYME INHIBITORS (ACE inhibitors), orally active, that has been used in the treatment of hypertension and congestive heart failure.

Agents that antagonize ANGIOTENSIN II TYPE 1 RECEPTOR. Included are ANGIOTENSIN II analogs such as SARALASIN and biphenylimidazoles such as LOSARTAN. Some are used as ANTIHYPERTENSIVE AGENTS.

Removal and pathologic examination of specimens in the form of small pieces of tissue from the living body.

A specialized barrier in the kidney, consisting of the fenestrated CAPILLARY ENDOTHELIUM; GLOMERULAR BASEMENT MEMBRANE; and glomerular epithelium (PODOCYTES). The barrier prevents the filtration of PLASMA PROTEINS.

Naturally occurring or experimentally induced animal diseases with pathological processes sufficiently similar to those of human diseases. They are used as study models for human diseases.

Persistently high systemic arterial BLOOD PRESSURE. Based on multiple readings (BLOOD PRESSURE DETERMINATION), hypertension is currently defined as when SYSTOLIC PRESSURE is consistently greater than 140 mm Hg or when DIASTOLIC PRESSURE is consistently 90 mm Hg or more.

Conditions in which the KIDNEYS perform below the normal level for more than three months. Chronic kidney insufficiency is classified by five stages according to the decline in GLOMERULAR FILTRATION RATE and the degree of kidney damage (as measured by the level of PROTEINURIA). The most severe form is the end-stage renal disease (CHRONIC KIDNEY FAILURE). (Kidney Foundation: Kidney Disease Outcome Quality Initiative, 2002)

Narrow pieces of material impregnated or covered with a substance used to produce a chemical reaction. The strips are used in detecting, measuring, producing, etc., other substances. (From Dorland, 28th ed)

Conditions in which the KIDNEYS perform below the normal level in the ability to remove wastes, concentrate URINE, and maintain ELECTROLYTE BALANCE; BLOOD PRESSURE; and CALCIUM metabolism. Renal insufficiency can be classified by the degree of kidney damage (as measured by the level of PROTEINURIA) and reduction in GLOMERULAR FILTRATION RATE.

A hereditary or acquired form of generalized dysfunction of the PROXIMAL KIDNEY TUBULE without primary involvement of the KIDNEY GLOMERULUS. It is usually characterized by the tubular wasting of nutrients and salts (GLUCOSE; AMINO ACIDS; PHOSPHATES; and BICARBONATES) resulting in HYPOKALEMIA; ACIDOSIS; HYPERCALCIURIA; and PROTEINURIA.

Group of diseases mediated by the deposition of large soluble complexes of antigen and antibody with resultant damage to tissue. Besides SERUM SICKNESS and the ARTHUS REACTION, evidence supports a pathogenic role for immune complexes in many other IMMUNE SYSTEM DISEASES including GLOMERULONEPHRITIS, systemic lupus erythematosus (LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS, SYSTEMIC) and POLYARTERITIS NODOSA.

A darkly stained mat-like EXTRACELLULAR MATRIX (ECM) that separates cell layers, such as EPITHELIUM from ENDOTHELIUM or a layer of CONNECTIVE TISSUE. The ECM layer that supports an overlying EPITHELIUM or ENDOTHELIUM is called basal lamina. Basement membrane (BM) can be formed by the fusion of either two adjacent basal laminae or a basal lamina with an adjacent reticular lamina of connective tissue. BM, composed mainly of TYPE IV COLLAGEN; glycoprotein LAMININ; and PROTEOGLYCAN, provides barriers as well as channels between interacting cell layers.

Drugs used in the treatment of acute or chronic vascular HYPERTENSION regardless of pharmacological mechanism. Among the antihypertensive agents are DIURETICS; (especially DIURETICS, THIAZIDE); ADRENERGIC BETA-ANTAGONISTS; ADRENERGIC ALPHA-ANTAGONISTS; ANGIOTENSIN-CONVERTING ENZYME INHIBITORS; CALCIUM CHANNEL BLOCKERS; GANGLIONIC BLOCKERS; and VASODILATOR AGENTS.

Elements of limited time intervals, contributing to particular results or situations.

An angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor that is used to treat HYPERTENSION and HEART FAILURE.

Measurable and quantifiable biological parameters (e.g., specific enzyme concentration, specific hormone concentration, specific gene phenotype distribution in a population, presence of biological substances) which serve as indices for health- and physiology-related assessments, such as disease risk, psychiatric disorders, environmental exposure and its effects, disease diagnosis, metabolic processes, substance abuse, pregnancy, cell line development, epidemiologic studies, etc.

An aspect of personal behavior or lifestyle, environmental exposure, or inborn or inherited characteristic, which, on the basis of epidemiologic evidence, is known to be associated with a health-related condition considered important to prevent.

A condition in which albumin level in blood (SERUM ALBUMIN) is below the normal range. Hypoalbuminemia may be due to decreased hepatic albumin synthesis, increased albumin catabolism, altered albumin distribution, or albumin loss through the urine (ALBUMINURIA).

Diseases which have one or more of the following characteristics: they are permanent, leave residual disability, are caused by nonreversible pathological alteration, require special training of the patient for rehabilitation, or may be expected to require a long period of supervision, observation, or care. (Dictionary of Health Services Management, 2d ed)

An LDL-RECEPTOR RELATED PROTEIN found in the neuroepithelium and in proximal tubular cells of the kidney. It is considered a multiligand receptor in that it binds to a variety of ligands with relatively high affinity and may function in mediating the uptake and lysosomal degradation of macromolecules such as: LIPOPROTEINS; ENDOPEPTIDASES; and PROTEASE INHIBITORS.

An antibiotic substance derived from Penicillium stoloniferum, and related species. It blocks de novo biosynthesis of purine nucleotides by inhibition of the enzyme inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase. Mycophenolic acid is important because of its selective effects on the immune system. It prevents the proliferation of T-cells, lymphocytes, and the formation of antibodies from B-cells. It also may inhibit recruitment of leukocytes to inflammatory sites. (From Gilman et al., Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 9th ed, p1301)

A major protein in the BLOOD. It is important in maintaining the colloidal osmotic pressure and transporting large organic molecules.

A systemic non-thrombocytopenic purpura caused by HYPERSENSITIVITY VASCULITIS and deposition of IGA-containing IMMUNE COMPLEXES within the blood vessels throughout the body, including those in the kidney (KIDNEY GLOMERULUS). Clinical symptoms include URTICARIA; ERYTHEMA; ARTHRITIS; GASTROINTESTINAL HEMORRHAGE; and renal involvement. Most cases are seen in children after acute upper respiratory infections.

A BLOOD PRESSURE regulating system of interacting components that include RENIN; ANGIOTENSINOGEN; ANGIOTENSIN CONVERTING ENZYME; ANGIOTENSIN I; ANGIOTENSIN II; and angiotensinase. Renin, an enzyme produced in the kidney, acts on angiotensinogen, an alpha-2 globulin produced by the liver, forming ANGIOTENSIN I. Angiotensin-converting enzyme, contained in the lung, acts on angiotensin I in the plasma converting it to ANGIOTENSIN II, an extremely powerful vasoconstrictor. Angiotensin II causes contraction of the arteriolar and renal VASCULAR SMOOTH MUSCLE, leading to retention of salt and water in the KIDNEY and increased arterial blood pressure. In addition, angiotensin II stimulates the release of ALDOSTERONE from the ADRENAL CORTEX, which in turn also increases salt and water retention in the kidney. Angiotensin-converting enzyme also breaks down BRADYKININ, a powerful vasodilator and component of the KALLIKREIN-KININ SYSTEM.

An antagonist of ANGIOTENSIN TYPE 1 RECEPTOR with antihypertensive activity due to the reduced pressor effect of ANGIOTENSIN II.

Evaluation undertaken to assess the results or consequences of management and procedures used in combating disease in order to determine the efficacy, effectiveness, safety, and practicability of these interventions in individual cases or series.

An abnormal protein with unusual thermosolubility characteristics that is found in the urine of patients with MULTIPLE MYELOMA.

An autoimmune disease of the KIDNEY and the LUNG. It is characterized by the presence of circulating autoantibodies targeting the epitopes in the non-collagenous domains of COLLAGEN TYPE IV in the basement membranes of kidney glomeruli (KIDNEY GLOMERULUS) and lung alveoli (PULMONARY ALVEOLI), and the subsequent destruction of these basement membranes. Clinical features include pulmonary alveolar hemorrhage and glomerulonephritis.

Autoantibodies directed against various nuclear antigens including DNA, RNA, histones, acidic nuclear proteins, or complexes of these molecular elements. Antinuclear antibodies are found in systemic autoimmune diseases including systemic lupus erythematosus, Sjogren's syndrome, scleroderma, polymyositis, and mixed connective tissue disease.

Hardening of the KIDNEY due to infiltration by fibrous connective tissue (FIBROSIS), usually caused by renovascular diseases or chronic HYPERTENSION. Nephrosclerosis leads to renal ISCHEMIA.

A strain of albino rat used widely for experimental purposes because of its calmness and ease of handling. It was developed by the Sprague-Dawley Animal Company.

A chronic, relapsing, inflammatory, and often febrile multisystemic disorder of connective tissue, characterized principally by involvement of the skin, joints, kidneys, and serosal membranes. It is of unknown etiology, but is thought to represent a failure of the regulatory mechanisms of the autoimmune system. The disease is marked by a wide range of system dysfunctions, an elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate, and the formation of LE cells in the blood or bone marrow.

Therapy with two or more separate preparations given for a combined effect.

Immune complex disease caused by the administration of foreign serum or serum proteins and characterized by fever, lymphadenopathy, arthralgia, and urticaria. When they are complexed to protein carriers, some drugs can also cause serum sickness when they act as haptens inducing antibody responses.

A glycoprotein that is central in both the classical and the alternative pathway of COMPLEMENT ACTIVATION. C3 can be cleaved into COMPLEMENT C3A and COMPLEMENT C3B, spontaneously at low level or by C3 CONVERTASE at high level. The smaller fragment C3a is an ANAPHYLATOXIN and mediator of local inflammatory process. The larger fragment C3b binds with C3 convertase to form C5 convertase.

The thin membranous structure supporting the adjoining glomerular capillaries. It is composed of GLOMERULAR MESANGIAL CELLS and their EXTRACELLULAR MATRIX.

A product of COMPLEMENT ACTIVATION cascade, regardless of the pathways, that forms transmembrane channels causing disruption of the target CELL MEMBRANE and cell lysis. It is formed by the sequential assembly of terminal complement components (COMPLEMENT C5B; COMPLEMENT C6; COMPLEMENT C7; COMPLEMENT C8; and COMPLEMENT C9) into the target membrane. The resultant C5b-8-poly-C9 is the "membrane attack complex" or MAC.

Studies in which individuals or populations are followed to assess the outcome of exposures, procedures, or effects of a characteristic, e.g., occurrence of disease.

A group of sporadic, familial and/or inherited, degenerative, and infectious disease processes, linked by the common theme of abnormal protein folding and deposition of AMYLOID. As the amyloid deposits enlarge they displace normal tissue structures, causing disruption of function. Various signs and symptoms depend on the location and size of the deposits.

A subclass of DIABETES MELLITUS that is not INSULIN-responsive or dependent (NIDDM). It is characterized initially by INSULIN RESISTANCE and HYPERINSULINEMIA; and eventually by GLUCOSE INTOLERANCE; HYPERGLYCEMIA; and overt diabetes. Type II diabetes mellitus is no longer considered a disease exclusively found in adults. Patients seldom develop KETOSIS but often exhibit OBESITY.

The renal tubule portion that extends from the BOWMAN CAPSULE in the KIDNEY CORTEX into the KIDNEY MEDULLA. The proximal tubule consists of a convoluted proximal segment in the cortex, and a distal straight segment descending into the medulla where it forms the U-shaped LOOP OF HENLE.

Any pathological condition where fibrous connective tissue invades any organ, usually as a consequence of inflammation or other injury.

A glucocorticoid with the general properties of the corticosteroids. It is the drug of choice for all conditions in which routine systemic corticosteroid therapy is indicated, except adrenal deficiency states.

Observation of a population for a sufficient number of persons over a sufficient number of years to generate incidence or mortality rates subsequent to the selection of the study group.

The major immunoglobulin isotype class in normal human serum. There are several isotype subclasses of IgG, for example, IgG1, IgG2A, and IgG2B.

A subspecialty of internal medicine concerned with the anatomy, physiology, and pathology of the kidney.

A condition in pregnant women with elevated systolic (>140 mm Hg) and diastolic (>90 mm Hg) blood pressure on at least two occasions 6 h apart. HYPERTENSION complicates 8-10% of all pregnancies, generally after 20 weeks of gestation. Gestational hypertension can be divided into several broad categories according to the complexity and associated symptoms, such as EDEMA; PROTEINURIA; SEIZURES; abnormalities in BLOOD COAGULATION and liver functions.

Studies used to test etiologic hypotheses in which inferences about an exposure to putative causal factors are derived from data relating to characteristics of persons under study or to events or experiences in their past. The essential feature is that some of the persons under study have the disease or outcome of interest and their characteristics are compared with those of unaffected persons.

A long-acting angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor. It is a prodrug that is transformed in the liver to its active metabolite ramiprilat.

Laboratory rats that have been produced from a genetically manipulated rat EGG or rat EMBRYO, MAMMALIAN. They contain genes from another species.

Serum proteins that have the most rapid migration during ELECTROPHORESIS. This subgroup of globulins is divided into faster and slower alpha(1)- and alpha(2)-globulins.

Levels within a diagnostic group which are established by various measurement criteria applied to the seriousness of a patient's disorder.

A group of inherited conditions characterized initially by HEMATURIA and slowly progressing to RENAL INSUFFICIENCY. The most common form is the Alport syndrome (hereditary nephritis with HEARING LOSS) which is caused by mutations in genes for TYPE IV COLLAGEN and defective GLOMERULAR BASEMENT MEMBRANE.

A strain of albino rat developed at the Wistar Institute that has spread widely at other institutions. This has markedly diluted the original strain.

Procedure whereby plasma is separated and extracted from anticoagulated whole blood and the red cells retransfused to the donor. Plasmapheresis is also employed for therapeutic use.

A cyclic undecapeptide from an extract of soil fungi. It is a powerful immunosupressant with a specific action on T-lymphocytes. It is used for the prophylaxis of graft rejection in organ and tissue transplantation. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed).

Angiotensin-converting enzyme is upregulated in the proximal tubules of rats with intense proteinuria. (1/3373)

Persistent proteinuria is considered a deleterious prognostic factor in most progressive renal diseases. However, the mechanisms by which proteinuria induces renal damage remain undetermined. Since proximal tubular cells possess all the machinery to generate angiotensin II (Ang II), we approached the hypothesis that proteinuria could elicit the renal activation of the renin-angiotensin system in a model of intense proteinuria and interstitial nephritis induced by protein overload. After uninephrectomy (UNX), Wistar-Kyoto rats received daily injections of 1 g BSA or saline for 8 days. The mean peak of proteinuria was observed at the fourth day (538+/-89 versus 3+/-1 mg/24 h in UNX controls; n=12; P<0.05) and was increased during the whole study period (at the eighth day: 438+/-49 mg/24 h; n=12; P=NS). Morphological examination of the kidneys at the end of the study showed marked tubular lesions (atrophy, vacuolization, dilation, and casts), interstitial infiltration of mononuclear cells, and mesangial expansion. In relation to UNX control rats, renal cortex of BSA-overloaded rats showed an increment in the gene expression of angiotensinogen (2.4-fold) and angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) (2.1-fold), as well as a diminution in renin gene expression. No changes were observed in angiotensin type 1 (AT1) receptor mRNA expression in both groups of rats. By in situ reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemistry, ACE expression (gene and protein) was mainly localized in proximal and distal tubules and in the glomeruli. By immunohistochemistry, angiotensinogen was localized only in proximal tubules, and AT1 receptor was localized mainly in proximal and distal tubules. In the tubular brush border, an increase in ACE activity was also seen (5. 5+/-0.5 versus 3.1+/-0.7 U/mg protein x10(-4) in UNX control; n=7; P<0.05). Our results show that in the kidney of rats with intense proteinuria, ACE and angiotensinogen were upregulated, while gene expression of renin was inhibited and AT1 was unmodified. On the whole, these data suggest an increase in Ang II intrarenal generation. Since Ang II can elicit renal cell growth and matrix production through the activation of AT1 receptor, this peptide may be responsible for the tubulointerstitial lesions occurring in this model. These results suggest a novel mechanism by which proteinuria may participate in the progression of renal diseases. (+info)

Up-regulation of glomerular extracellular matrix and transforming growth factor-beta expression in RF/J mice. (2/3373)

BACKGROUND: RF/J mice were first reported as a murine model of spontaneous glomerulosclerosis by Gude and Lupton in 1960, but the precise histologic characteristics and immunopathological background of this mouse have not been investigated further. METHODS: Measurements of serum levels of immunoglobulins, anti-single strand DNA (anti-ss-DNA) antibody, complement (C3), and circulating immune complex (IC) were performed. Analyses of glomerular histological and immunopathological lesions in association with the detection of mRNA expression of collagen IV, TGF-beta, matrix protein turnover related enzymes, matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2), tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-2 (TIMP-2) and platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) were also performed in young (10-week-old) and elderly (60-week-old) RF/J mice with age-matched BALB/C mice as the controls. RESULTS: High levels of serum IgA and IgG from as early as 20 weeks of age were noted in the RF/J mice. Serum anti-ss-DNA antibody of aged RF/J mice increased up to 23% of that of aged MRL-lpr/lpr mice, and serum C3 concentration significantly decreased with age, reaching lower levels than that of BALB/c mice. IgA-IC levels were significantly high compared to BALB/C mice both in the early and late stages of life, whereas IgG-IC levels were high only in mice younger than 20 weeks. Semiquantitative and quantitative analyzes of renal histopathological findings revealed significantly marked and age-related mesangial matrix expansion in RF/J mice, with increasing frequency of global glomerular sclerosis and tubulointerstitial damage. On the other hand, although precise measurements of glomerular cell numbers also showed an apparent augmentation in both young and old RF/J mice compared to BALB/C mice, glomerular cellularity decreased with age in RF/J mice. Immunohistochemical study revealed massive immunoglobulin deposition from a young age in association with significantly higher accumulation of matrix proteins, such as types I and IV collagen and laminin from the early stage of life. In addition, in these glomeruli, transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-beta1) was highly expressed both in young and old mice. The mRNA expression of MMP-2 was up-regulated only in the early stage of life. Although PDGF mRNA of RF/J mice was significantly up-regulated in the early stage of life, the differences between the mice disappeared in the late stage of life. CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that in RF/J mice, an immunopathological background inducing high serum immunoglobulin and IC levels from the early stage of life is closely related to mesangioproliferative glomerular lesions mediated by PDGF, and that development of massive extracellular matrix accumulation in glomeruli was induced by up-regulated expression of TGF-beta with inappropriate regulation of protein turnover-related enzyme production. (+info)

Blocking angiotensin II ameliorates proteinuria and glomerular lesions in progressive mesangioproliferative glomerulonephritis. (3/3373)

BACKGROUND: The renin-angiotensin system is thought to be involved in the progression of glomerulonephritis (GN) into end-stage renal failure (ESRF) because of the observed renoprotective effects of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs). However, ACEIs have pharmacological effects other than ACE inhibition that may help lower blood pressure and preserve glomerular structure. We previously reported a new animal model of progressive glomerulosclerosis induced by a single intravenous injection of an anti-Thy-1 monoclonal antibody, MoAb 1-22-3, in uninephrectomized rats. Using this new model of progressive GN, we examined the hypothesis that ACEIs prevent the progression to ESRF by modulating the effects of angiotensin II (Ang II) on the production of transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) and extracellular matrix components. METHODS: We studied the effect of an ACEI (cilazapril) and an Ang II type 1 receptor antagonist (candesartan) on the clinical features and morphological lesions in the rat model previously reported. After 10 weeks of treatment with equihypotensive doses of cilazapril, cilazapril plus Hoe 140 (a bradykinin receptor B2 antagonist), candesartan, and hydralazine, we examined systolic blood pressure, urinary protein excretion, creatinine clearance, the glomerulosclerosis index, and the tubulointerstitial lesion index. We performed a semiquantitative evaluation of glomerular immunostaining for TGF-beta and collagen types I and III by immunofluorescence study and of these cortical mRNA levels by Northern blot analysis. RESULTS: Untreated rats developed massive proteinuria, renal dysfunction, and severe glomerular and tubulointerstitial injury, whereas uninephrectomized control rats did not. There was a significant increase in the levels of glomerular protein and cortical mRNA for TGF-beta and collagen types I and III in untreated rats. Cilazapril and candesartan prevented massive proteinuria, increased creatinine clearance, and ameliorated glomerular and tubulointerstitial injury. These drugs also reduced levels of glomerular protein and cortical mRNA for TGF-beta and collagen types I and III. Hoe 140 failed to blunt the renoprotective effect of cilazapril. Hydralazine did not exhibit a renoprotective effect. CONCLUSION: These results indicate that ACEIs prevent the progression to ESRF by modulating the effects of Ang II via Ang II type 1 receptor on the production of TGF-beta and collagen types I and III, as well as on intrarenal hemodynamics, but not by either increasing bradykinin activity or reducing blood pressure in this rat model of mesangial proliferative GN. (+info)

Proteinuria induces tubular cell turnover: A potential mechanism for tubular atrophy. (4/3373)

BACKGROUND: Proteinuria and tubular atrophy have both been closely linked with progressive renal failure. We hypothesized that apoptosis may be induced by tubular cell exposure to heavy proteinuria, potentially leading to tubular atrophy. Apoptosis was studied in a rat model of "pure" proteinuria, which does not induce renal impairment, namely protein-overload proteinuria. METHODS: Adult female Lewis rats underwent intraperitoneal injection of 2 g of bovine serum albumin (BSA, N = 16) or sham saline injections (controls, N = 8) daily for seven days. Apoptosis was assessed at day 7 in tissue sections using in situ end labeling (ISEL) and electron microscopy. ISEL-positive nuclei (apoptotic particles) were counted in blinded fashion using image analysis with NIH Image. Cell proliferation was assessed by detection of mRNA for histone by in situ hybridization, followed by counting of positive cells using NIH Image. RESULTS: Animals injected with saline showed very low levels of apoptosis on image analysis. BSA-injected rats had heavy proteinuria and showed both cortical and medullary apoptosis on ISEL. This was predominantly seen in the tubules and, to a lesser extent, in the interstitial compartment. Overall, the animals injected with BSA showed a significant 30-fold increase in the number of cortical apoptotic particles. Electron microscopy of tubular cells in a BSA-injected animal showed a progression of ultrastructural changes consistent with tubular cell apoptosis. The BSA-injected animals also displayed a significant increase in proximal tubular cell proliferation. This increased proliferation was less marked than the degree of apoptosis. CONCLUSION: Protein-overload proteinuria in rats induces tubular cell apoptosis. This effect is only partially balanced by proliferation and potentially provides a direct mechanism whereby heavy proteinuria can induce tubular atrophy and progressive renal failure. (+info)

Mycophenolate mofetil prevents the progressive renal failure induced by 5/6 renal ablation in rats. (5/3373)

BACKGROUND: Extensive renal ablation is associated with progressive sclerosis of the remnant kidney. Because lymphocytes and monocytes accumulate in the remnant kidney, it is likely that they play a role in the renal scarring. Therefore, we treated rats with 5/6 nephrectomy (5/6Nx) with mycophenolate mofetil (MMF), a drug that has an antiproliferative effect and that suppresses the expression of intercellular adhesion molecules. METHODS: Sprague-Dawley rats with 5/6Nx received MMF (30 mg. kg-1. day-1 by daily gastric gavage, N = 15) or vehicle (N = 16). Ten additional rats were sham operated. All rats were fed a 30% protein diet. Body weight, serum creatinine, and urinary protein excretion were determined weekly. Lipid peroxidation, as a measure of oxidative stress observed by urinary malondialdehyde determinations, was performed every two weeks. Histologic studies were done in the remnant kidney four weeks (9 rats from the vehicle-treated group, 7 rats from the MMF group, and 5 sham-operated rats) and eight weeks after surgery (the remaining rats). Glomerular volume, sclerosis in glomeruli (segmental and global) and interstitium (semiquantitative scale), infiltrating lymphocytes and macrophages (CD43- and ED1-positive cells), and expression of adhesion molecules (CD54, CD18, and CD11b) were analyzed. RESULTS: MMF treatment prevented the progressive increment in serum creatinine and the proteinuria observed in the 5/6 nephrectomized rats during the eight weeks of observation (P < 0.01). Weight gain was comparable in the MMF-treated and sham-operated rats, whereas weight gain was decreased in untreated 5/6 nephrectomized rats. Excretion of malondialdehyde increased after surgery but returned sooner to control levels in the MMF-treated rats. Increments in glomerular size and mean arterial blood pressure induced by renal ablation were not modified by MMF treatment. Eight weeks after surgery, segmental sclerosis was present in 48.4 +/- 8.35% (+/- sd) glomeruli in the vehicle-treated group versus 25 +/- 10.5% in the MMF-treated group (P < 0.001). Interstitial fibrosis was reduced significantly with MMF treatment (P < 0.001). Infiltration with CD43- and ED1-positive cells in glomeruli and interstitium was two to five times lower in MMF-treated rats (P < 0.01). Expression of adhesion molecules CD18 and CD11b was similarly reduced. CONCLUSION: MMF ameliorates the progressive renal damage in the remnant kidney after 5/6Nx. This effect is associated with a reduction in the infiltration of lymphocytes and monocytes, whereas glomerular hypertrophy and systemic hypertension are unchanged. (+info)

HIV-associated nephropathy is a late, not early, manifestation of HIV-1 infection. (6/3373)

BACKGROUND: Human immunodeficiency virus-associated nephropathy (HIVAN) can be the initial presentation of HIV-1 infection. As a result, many have assumed that HIVAN can occur at any point in the infection. This issue has important implications for appropriate therapy and, perhaps, for pathogenesis. Since the development of new case definitions for acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) and better tools to assess infection, the relationship of HIVAN to the time of AIDS infection has not been addressed. In this study, we reassessed the stage of infection at the time of HIVAN diagnosis in 10 patients, and we reviewed all previously published cases applying the new case definitions to assess stage of infection. METHODS: HIVAN was confirmed by kidney biopsy in HIV seropositive patients with azotemia and/or proteinuria. CD4+ cell count and plasma HIV-1 RNA copy number were measured. We also reviewed all published cases of HIVAN to determine if AIDS-defining conditions, by current Centers for Disease Control definitions, were present in patients with biopsy-proven HIVAN. RESULTS: Twenty HIV-1 seropositive patients with proteinuria and an elevated creatinine concentration were biopsied. HIVAN was the single most common cause of renal disease. CD4+ cell count was below 200/mm3 in all patients with HIVAN, fulfilling Centers for Disease Control criteria for an AIDS-defining condition. HIV-1 plasma RNA was detectable in all patients with HIVAN. In reviewing previous reports, an AIDS-defining condition was present in virtually all patients with HIVAN. CONCLUSION: HIVAN develops late, not early, in the course of HIV-1 infection following the development of AIDS. This likely accounts for the poor prognosis noted in previous publications and has implications for pathogenesis. In addition, given the detectable viral RNA levels, highly active antiretroviral therapy is indicated in HIVAN. Highly active antiretroviral therapy may improve survival as well as alter the natural history of HIVAN. (+info)

Long-term effects of cyclosporine A in Alport's syndrome. (7/3373)

BACKGROUND: In 1991, our initial results of cyclosporine A (CsA) administration in eight patients with Alport's syndrome were published. A significant decrease in or disappearance of proteinuria and apparently good tolerance to CsA were observed in all patients. METHODS: CsA administration has been maintained in these eight patients with the aim of obtaining further information about the clinical course of the disease. The ages of these eight patients currently range from 15 to 27 years, and the mean duration of treatment is from 7 to 10 years (x = 8.4 years). RESULTS: Renal function has remained stable, with no evaluable changes in serum creatinine levels compared with pre-CsA treatment values. Proteinuria in all patients has either remained negative or are values far lower than pretreatment levels. A second renal biopsy was performed in all patients after five years of CsA administration. No aggravation of the lesion present at the first biopsy or lesions typical of cyclosporine intoxication was observed. CONCLUSIONS: After a mean duration of 8.4 years and with no deterioration in renal function, we found possible beneficial effects of the continued treatment of CsA in patients with Alport's syndrome who present evidence of progression to renal insufficiency. (+info)

Circulating vascular endothelial growth factor is not increased during relapses of steroid-sensitive nephrotic syndrome. (8/3373)

BACKGROUND: An uncharacterized circulating factor that increases vascular permeability has previously been described in childhood steroid-sensitive nephrotic syndrome (SSNS). The aim of this study was to determine whether this factor is vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), the recently described endothelial cell mitogen and enhancer of vascular permeability. METHODS: Plasma and urine VEGF levels were measured in children with SSNS in both relapse and remission and in normal age- and sex-matched controls. Semiquantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction studies investigating VEGF mRNA expression were performed on peripheral blood mononuclear cells isolated from children with SSNS in relapse and controls. In two experimental models (one-hour and three-day follow-up postinfusion), Sprague-Dawley rats were intravenously administered 50 microg rVEGF to determine whether this induced either proteinuria or glomerular histologic change. RESULTS: Plasma VEGF levels and urine VEGF/creatinine ratios were not elevated in SSNS relapse compared with remission and control samples. Peripheral blood mononuclear cell VEGF mRNA expression was no different in SSNS patients compared with controls. The administration of VEGF to rats induced an acute reversible fall in systemic blood pressure but did not result in the development of either proteinuria or glomerular histologic change. CONCLUSION: Increased circulating VEGF levels are not responsible for the proteinuria observed during relapses of SSNS. Further studies are warranted to investigate intrarenal VEGF expression. (+info)

"Proteinuria". www.niddk.nih.gov. Retrieved 2015-06-14. Jr, Donald E. Thomas (2014-05-22). The Lupus Encyclopedia: A ... This condition is called proteinuria. Loss of necessary protein due to nephritis can result in several life-threatening ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nephritis

... proteinuria; and strontium. Rollo published Observations on the Diseases in the Army on St. Lucia, in 1781; and in 1785 Remarks ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Rollo

"Proteinuria". UK Renal Association. December 15, 2005. Archived from the original on August 14, 2007. clinlabnavigator.com > ... 2000). "The non-insulin-dependent diabetes, hypertension, microalbuminuria or proteinuria, cardiovascular events, and ramipril ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microalbuminuria

Lee A. Hebert, M.D., Jeanne Charleston, R.N. and Edgar Miller, M.D. (2009). "Proteinuria". Archived from the original on 2011- ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kidney_failure

... proteinuria, and/or wheezing; or very rarely, symptoms of overt anaphylaxis such as hives, angioedema (i.e. skin swelling in ... and proteinuria. The individuals exhibit greatly increased numbers off circulating NK cells, increased levels of T helper cells ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mosquito_bite_allergy

... and proteinuria. Taking oral cetirizine regularly has been known to help those who suffer from skeeter syndrome.[citation ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skeeter_syndrome

... and proteinuria. Afflicted individuals have increased blood levels of immunoglobulin E (which plays an essential role in the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epstein–Barr_virus-associated_lymphoproliferative_diseases

Towards the end of his life Addis began to study laboratory rats as a model of proteinuria, and was among the first people to ... Addis T. (1932). "Proteinuria and cylinduria". Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences. 2: 38-52. Schmitt, Ronald et ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Addis

Orthostatic proteinuria (synonyms: orthostatic albuminuria, postural proteinuria) is a benign condition. A change in renal ... Ganong's review of medical physiology, 24th Edition "Orthostatic Proteinuria. What is Proteinuria? Causes, info". patient.info. ... The exact cause for orthostatic proteinuria is not known. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orthostatic_albuminuria

Laboratory abnormalities include normal or mild decreases in serum C3, C4, and CH50 levels, and mild proteinuria.1,3-5 In ... and mild proteinuria. Case reports have noted the absence of fever in serum sickness-like reactions to amoxicillin. ... proteinuria, and significant decreases in serum complement levels; it was originally described after patients were infused with ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serum_sickness-like_reaction

Addis T (1932). "Proteinuria and cylinduria". Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences. 2: 38-52. Bell ME (September ... Urinary proteins were first reported in rodents in 1932, during studies by Thomas Addis into the cause of proteinuria. They are ... Therefore, since 1827 physicians and scientists have been interested in proteinuria, the excess of protein in human urine, as ... To better understand the etiology of proteinuria, some scientists attempted to study the phenomenon in laboratory animals. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Major_urinary_proteins

... is a synthetic form of the isolated major active metabolite of venlafaxine, and is categorized as a serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor (SNRI). When most normal metabolizers take venlafaxine, approximately 70% of the dose is metabolized into desvenlafaxine, so the effects of the two drugs are expected to be very similar.[5] It works by blocking the "reuptake" transporters for key neurotransmitters affecting mood, thereby leaving more active neurotransmitters in the synapse. The neurotransmitters affected are serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine) and norepinephrine (noradrenaline). It is approximately 10 times more potent at inhibiting serotonin uptake than norepinephrine uptake.[6]. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Desvenlafaxine

"Proteinuria". Retrieved 2011-03-24.. CS1 maint: Multiple names: authors list (link ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renal_failure

Proteinuria, usually less than 2 grams per day, also may be present. Other renal causes of isolated hematuria include thin ... Proteinuria and hypertension are the most powerful prognostic factors in this group. There are certain other features on kidney ... Male gender, proteinuria (especially > 2 g/day), hypertension, smoking, hyperlipidemia, older age, familial disease and ... However, patients with isolated microscopic hematuria (i.e. without associated proteinuria and with normal kidney function) are ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IgA_nephropathy

Diagnostic criteria is the same for pre-eclampsia as pregnancy-induced hypertension; however, it also confers proteinuria. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Per-_and_polyfluoroalkyl_substances

... low molecular weight proteinuria; XD: X-linked dominant; XR: X-linked recessive; PTH: Parathyroid hormone "tubulopathy" at ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tubulopathy

Proteinuria has occurred in some patients. Rarely, angioneurotic edema and decreases in hemoglobin, red cells, and platelets ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perindopril

Also a urine dipstick test for proteinuria can give a rough estimate of albuminuria. This is because albumin is by far the ... It is a type of proteinuria. Albumin is a major plasma protein (normally circulating in the blood); in healthy people, only ... For a number of reasons, clinical terminology is changing to focus on albuminuria more than proteinuria. It is usually ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albuminuria

A proteinuria of greater than 3.5 g /24 h /1.73 m2 (between 3 and 3.5 g/24 h /1.73 m2 is considered to be proteinuria in the ... Proteinuria: the loss of proteins from the urine is caused by many pathological agents and infection by these agents has to be ... "Relación de la proteinuria con el nivel de hemoglobina glicosilada en los diabéticos". Archived from the original on 2008-09-14 ... The urine sample is tested for proteinuria (>3.5 g per 1.73 m2 per 24 hours). It is also examined for urinary casts, which are ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nephrotic_syndrome

"Melanocortin 1 receptor agonists reduce proteinuria". Journal of the American Society of Nephrology. 21 (8): 1290-8. doi: ... it was found that treatment with a different agonist of MC1R improved aspects of kidney morphology and reduced proteinuria, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melanocortin_1_receptor

Urinalysis typically demonstrates hematuria and proteinuria. Levels of the complement protein C3 are low, while levels of C- ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shunt_nephritis

In kidney disease and nephrotic syndrome, albumin infusions as replacement for albumin loss to proteinuria is used in some ... Cil, Onur; Perwad, Farzana (2018). "Monogenic Causes of Proteinuria in Children". Frontiers in Medicine. 5: 55. doi:10.3389/ ... a CMP may be ordered as a follow-up test when proteinuria is detected by urine dipstick analysis, which may lead to a diagnosis ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypoalbuminemia

Sarafidis PA, Khosla N, Bakris GL (January 2007). "Antihypertensive therapy in the presence of proteinuria". American Journal ... as reducing glomerular filtration rate associated with a rise of serum creatinine in patients with pre-existing proteinuria, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angiotensin_II_receptor_blocker

Proteinuria, leucocytosis and elevated uric acid concentrations > 7.8 mg. Decreased serum haptoglobin and haemoglobin levels. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HELLP_syndrome

MAD1L1 Proteinuria, low molecular weight, with hypercalciuric nephrocalcinosis; 308990; CLCN5 Protoporphyria, erythropoietic, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_OMIM_disorder_codes

... proteinuria, hematuria (blood in the urine), bladder injury; in animals: teratogenic effects. The short-term NOAEL of 9.6 - 10 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diphenylamine

Proteinuria is a feature as kidney disease progresses. The disorder was first identified in a British family by the physician ... The development of proteinuria has been recommended as an indication for commencing treatment. Once kidney failure has ... but there is substantial proteinuria. However, in some patients, hearing loss is only noted after kidney function has been lost ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alport_syndrome

Some symptoms include proteinuria, hypoalbuminaemia, oedema, and hyperlipidemia. Diabetic glomerulosclerosis is a thickening of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glomerular_basement_membrane

... the absence of proteinuria (protein in the urine); and, the absence of kidney disease or obstruction of kidney outflow as seen ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hepatorenal_syndrome

Kidd antigen protein - urea transporter; RHAG - gas transporter, probably of carbon dioxide, defines Rh Blood Group and the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red_blood_cell

Conditions with proteinuria as a sign[edit]. Proteinuria may be a feature of the following conditions:[6] ... 1.1 Conditions with proteinuria as a sign. *1.2 Conditions with proteinuria consisting mainly of Bence-Jones proteins as a sign ... People with diabetes may have damaged nephrons and develop proteinuria. The most common cause of proteinuria is diabetes, and ... which are typically first-line therapy for proteinuria. In patients whose proteinuria is not controlled with ACE inhibitors, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proteinuria

Exclude causes of transient proteinuria (box), which does not have these associations. If proteinuria of 1+ or more persists on ... A 40 year old woman comes to you after she was found to have a reading of 2+ on a dipstick proteinuria test at an insurance ... Proteinuria may be an early indicator of renal disease and increases the risk of renal impairment, hypertension, and ... Proteinuria. BMJ 2006; 332 doi: https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.332.7536.284 (Published 02 February 2006) Cite this as: BMJ 2006; ...

https://www.bmj.com/content/332/7536/284

This study was designed to characterize proteinuria in children with kidney disease. Random urine samples from 250 pediatric ... Proteinuria was quantitated by the random urine protein-to-creatinine (Upr/cr) ratio, and glomerular proteinuria was assessed ... Profiling proteinuria in pediatric patients Pediatr Nephrol. 2006 Jul;21(7):995-1002. doi: 10.1007/s00467-006-0103-9. Epub 2006 ... Both proteinuria and albuminuria correlated with a decline in glomerular filtration rate (GFR) (r=-0.4; p,0.0001). Those with ...

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16773413/?dopt=Abstract

proteinuria synonyms, proteinuria pronunciation, proteinuria translation, English dictionary definition of proteinuria. n. The ... Whereas proteinuria is an index in renal disorder and kidneys have important role in human health, Post exercise proteinuria ... Proteinuria - definition of proteinuria by The Free Dictionary https://www.thefreedictionary.com/proteinuria ... proteinuria. Also found in: Thesaurus, Medical, Legal, Encyclopedia, Wikipedia. pro·tein·u·ri·a. (prōt′n-o͝or′ē-ə, -yo͝or′-, ...

http://www.thefreedictionary.com/proteinurias

Almost immediately after starting running 7 years ago, my MD told me I had developed a very low proteinuria, and he attributed ... Proteinuria: I am 47 years old and began running about 7 years ago. I run 2 - 5 miles 3 or 4 days a week. ... Q: Proteinuria: I am 47 years old and began running about 7 years ago. I run 2 - 5 miles 3 or 4 days a week. Almost immediately ... An increase in the amount of protein in the urine is defined as proteinuria, which may range from trace to significant. The ...

https://www.runnersworld.com/advanced/a20833096/ask-the-coaches-proteinuria/

Not all proteinuria is created equal. Andrew Beenken, Jonathan M. Barasch, and Ali G. Gharavi Division of Nephrology, ... used next-generation sequencing data to identify patients with chronic proteinuria who had biallelic variants in the cubilin ...

https://www.jci.org/articles/view/133250/pdf

Helping you find trustworthy answers on Proteinuria in Children , Latest evidence made easy ... Find all the evidence you need on Proteinuria in Children via the Trip Database. ... Incidental Detection of Dent-2 Disease in an Infant with Febrile Proteinuria Febrile proteinuria is functional proteinuria and ... Monogenic Causes of Proteinuria in Children Full Text available with Trip Pro. Monogenic Causes of Proteinuria in Children ...

https://www.tripdatabase.com/search?criteria=Proteinuria%20in%20Children

Tubular proteinuria is proteinuria (excessive protein in the urine) caused by renal tubular dysfunction. Proteins of low ... Tubular proteinuria is a laboratory sign, not a disease; as a sign it appears in various syndromes and diseases, such as ... Low-molecular-weight proteins appearing in larger quantities than this is tubular proteinuria, which points to failure of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tubular_proteinuria

... Claudio Bazzi,1 Omran Bakoush,2,3 and Loreto ... Proteinuria, the hallmark of renal damage in glomerular diseases, is dependent on two main factors: the alteration of the ... There is a need for further studies for better understanding the pathogenesis of proteinuria and the clinical value of the ... and described less and more recent approaches to reduce proteinuria. The review of J. R. Machado et al. summarizes the most ...

https://www.hindawi.com/journals/ijn/2012/424968/

Proteinuria answers are found in the Select 5-Minute Pediatrics Topics powered by Unbound Medicine. Available for iPhone, iPad ... Proteinuria may be the result of glomerular proteinuria or tubular proteinuria.. *Glomerular proteinuria*An increased ... Transient proteinuria*Proteinuria absent on subsequent urine examinations. *It is not usually associated with clinically ... Proteinuria is a topic covered in the Select 5-Minute Pediatrics Topics. To view the entire topic, please sign in or purchase a ...

https://www.unboundmedicine.com/5minute/view/Select-5-Minute-Pediatric-Consult/14209/all/Proteinuria

Proteinuria should be used as a surrogate in CKD.. Cravedi P1, Ruggenenti P, Remuzzi G. ... The magnitude of proteinuria is widely recognized as a marker of the severity of glomerulopathy. Population-based studies have ... Thus, proteinuria should be considered a valuable surrogate end point for clinical trials in patients with proteinuric renal ... More importantly, a reduction in proteinuria invariably translates into a protection from renal function decline in patients ...

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22391456

Postural proteinuria and lipoid nephrosis of 58 years duration. Br Med J 1976; 2 :1540 ... Postural proteinuria and lipoid nephrosis of 58 years duration.. Br Med J 1976; 2 doi: https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.2.6051.1540 ...

http://www.bmj.com/content/2/6051/1540

Bence-Jones proteinuria is the secretion of certain blood products, called Bence-Jones proteins, in the urine. The signs of ... Bence-Jones proteinuria is the secretion of certain blood products, called Bence-Jones proteins, in the urine. A special test ... In some cases, Bence-Jones proteinuria has a different cause or is benign in nature. When it is identified in lab testing of a ... Changes in urine chemistry like Bence-Jones proteinuria can be caused by problems with the kidneys or bladder, as well as other ...

http://www.wisegeek.com/what-is-bence-jones-proteinuria.htm

Thus, proteinuria is considered a key marker for renal dysfunction and characterizes the severity of the underlying kidney ... Proteinuria is also an independent predictor for cardiovascular morbidity and mortality.In the past twenty years, major ... In addition, a plethora of published evidence support the presence of a salutary effect of reducing proteinuria. However, ... Although defects in tubular reabsorption of protein can also result in renal proteinuria (Fanconis syndrome), changes in ...

https://www.frontiersin.org/research-topics/6130/molecular-mechanisms-of-proteinuria

Pregnancy Worries: Symptoms of Proteinuria and Pre-eclampsia December 18, 2010 Pregnancy 0 ...

https://www.healthynewage.com/tag/monitoring-for-proteinuria/

A) Proteinuria was assessed by the proteinuria/creatinine ratio (Upr/Ucr). Upr/Ucr was 3.5 ± 0.75 in eight-week-old female ... c-mip impairs podocyte proximal signaling and induces heavy proteinuria.. Zhang SY1, Kamal M, Dahan K, Pawlak A, Ory V, Desvaux ... Knockdown of c-mip prevents the development of nephrotic proteinuria. (A) Detection of c-mip in LPS-treated Balb/c mice. ... The intravenous injection of small interfering RNA targeting c-mip prevented lipopolysaccharide-induced proteinuria in mice. ...

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20484117

Origin and meaning of proteinuria: 1911, Modern Latin, from French protéinurie; see protein + urine + abstract noun ending -ia ... proteinuria 1911, Modern Latin, from French protéinurie; see protein + urine + abstract noun ending -ia. ...

https://www.etymonline.com/word/proteinuria

Recent work has begun to elucidate at the molecular level how albumin is handled by the kidney and how albuminuria develops in various proteinuric diseases including minimal change disease and focal s

https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007%2F978-3-319-43359-2

Proteinuria During Acute Pyelonephritis In Pregnancy. The safety and scientific validity of this study is the responsibility of ... Proteinuria is defined as a total protein urinary excretion exceeding 300 mg in a 24-hour urine collection in pregnancy. This ... Proteinuria. Pyelonephritis. Urination Disorders. Urologic Diseases. Urological Manifestations. Signs and Symptoms. Nephritis, ... While it has been said that urinary tract infections increase proteinuria, it is unknown how much protein spillage should be ...

https://www.clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT02536638

Prolonged proteinuria can mean there is something wrong with the kidney. Some warning signals make it more likely to be an ... Proteinuria can be a symptom of some other conditions and diseases: for example: congestive heart failure, a first warning of ... When this does happen it is known as proteinuria.. Several proteins can be found in the urine, but the most relevant to ... Sometimes, almost always in children, proteinuria can be detected later in the day, but not in the morning. This is known as ...

https://kidneyresearchuk.org/conditions-symptoms/proteinuria/

A website explaining proteinuria is: http://www.niddk.nih.gov/health/kidney/pubs/proteinuria/proteinuria.htm#signs It can be an ...

http://www.insulin-pumpers.org/mail/archive/mail-insulin-pumpers/Feb2001/msg00123.html

PubMed journal article Proteinuria and its relation to cardiovascular diseas were found in PRIME PubMed. Download Prime PubMed ... "Proteinuria and Its Relation to Cardiovascular Disease." International Journal of Nephrology and Renovascular Disease, vol. 7, ... Currie G, Delles C. Proteinuria and Its Relation to Cardiovascular Disease. Int J Nephrol Renovasc Dis. 2013 Dec 21;7:13-24. ... Proteinuria and its relation to cardiovascular disease.. Int J Nephrol Renovasc Dis 2013; 7:13-24IJ ...

https://www.unboundmedicine.com/medline/citation/24379690/full_citation

Proteinuria near you & make an appointment online instantly! Pediatric Protein in Urine / Proteinuria appointments are ... Need to make a doctor appointment for Pediatric Protein in Urine / Proteinuria this week? Use Zocdoc to find doctors near you ... Pediatric Protein in Urine / Proteinuria Doctors Near You. ... Pediatric Protein in Urine / Proteinuria. *Pediatric Urinary ...

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... Some people have basic questions about how pregnancy happens. Some may have ... Late-onset proteinuria. When proteinuria develops later in pregnancy, it can be from intrinsic renal disease or preeclampsia. ... Proteinuria detected early in pregnancy should be investigated for underlying causes. You can screen for proteinuria with ... 3. Tryggvason K, Patrakka J, Wartiovaara J. Hereditary proteinuria syndromes and mechanisms of proteinuria. N Engl J Med. 2006; ...

http://www.health.am/pregnancy/more/proteinuria-in-pregnancy-what-does-it-mean/P4/

The RCPA is the leading organisation representing Pathologists and Senior Scientists in Australasia.. Its mission is to train and support pathologists and senior scientists and to improve the use of pathology testing to achieve better healthcare.. ...

https://www.rcpa.edu.au/Manuals/RCPA-Manual/Clinical-Problems/P/Proteinuria

Even a slight increase in proteinuria was an independent risk factor for ESRD. Therefore, asymptomatic proteinuria warrants ... Proteinuria was a strong, independent predictor of ESRD in a mass screening setting. ... Compared with dipstick-negative proteinuria, adjusted odds ratio (95% CI) of proteinuria (1+) was 1.93 (1.53 to 2.41, P , 0.001 ... Even a slight increase in proteinuria was an independent risk factor for ESRD. Therefore, asymptomatic proteinuria warrants ...

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12631363/

On the one hand, it is well known that transient proteinuria can and does occur in the absence of underlying renal disease-most ... Pre-operative proteinuria and post-operative acute kidney injury in noncardiac surgery: the NARA-Acute Kidney Injury cohort ... The detection of proteinuria on the routine examination of apparently healthy individuals is often surrounded by diagnostic ... Systematic Review: Blood Pressure Target in Chronic Kidney Disease and Proteinuria as an Effect Modifier Annals of Internal ...

https://annals.org/aim/article-abstract/683655/idiopathic-proteinuria

... ketosis in streptozotocin (type 1) diabetic rats. ...

https://www.greenmedinfo.com/article/citric-acid-ameliorates-ketosis-and-protects-against-development-diabetic-comp

Orthostatic proteinuria Kidney disease Hypertension Bence-Jones Persistent proteinuria Proteins Transient Albuminuria Nephrotic range Tubular Excretion Mechanisms of Proteinuria Microalbuminuria Clinical Heavy proteinuria Kidneys Hematuria Urinary protein Level of proteinuria Levels of proteinuria Increase in proteinuria Presence of proteinuria Symptoms of Proteinuria Treatment of proteinuria Detection of proteinuria Patients with proteinuria Assessment of proteinuria Development of proteinuria Significance of proteinuria Quantification Benign Urinalysis Inflammation Diabetes Cause proteinuria Severe proteinuria Reduce proteinuria Chronic proteinuria Postural proteinuria Asymptomatic proteinuria Serum Foamy urine Pregnancy Diabetic Glomerulonephritis Albumin-creat Numerous causes of proteinuria Glomerular filt Progression of renal Dipstick test Tubulointerstitial Usually asymptomatic Edema Normal renal function

This is known as orthostatic proteinuria and it is usually harmless. (kidneyresearchuk.org)
Orthostatic proteinuria' - absent in early morning sample (though this requires monitoring, and may require further investigation if levels of protein are high. (edren.org)
functional proteinuria any proteinuria that is not due to renal disease, such as the transient proteinuria of pregnancy, effort proteinuria , and orthostatic proteinuria . (thefreedictionary.com)
orthostatic proteinuria a form of functional proteinuria , usually seen between the ages of ten and twenty, that occurs on standing erect and disappears on lying down. (thefreedictionary.com)
Proteinuria found incidentally in teens is often caused by orthostatic proteinuria, a benign condition without long term sequelae. (renalandurologynews.com)
In orthostatic proteinuria, a healthy person may pass out more urine when standing up than when lying down. (healthhype.com)
Orthostatic proteinuria is a benign condition seen in a healthy young person. (healthhype.com)
This is called orthostatic proteinuria which can be cured with the help of the Best ayurvedic treatment for proteinuria . (apsense.com)

This study was designed to characterize proteinuria in children with kidney disease. (nih.gov)
Thus, proteinuria is considered a key marker for renal dysfunction and characterizes the severity of the underlying kidney disease. (frontiersin.org)
AU - Currie,Gemma, AU - Delles,Christian, Y1 - 2013/12/21/ PY - 2014/1/1/entrez PY - 2014/1/1/pubmed PY - 2014/1/1/medline KW - albuminuria KW - cardiovascular risk KW - microalbuminuria KW - proteinuria SP - 13 EP - 24 JF - International journal of nephrology and renovascular disease JO - Int J Nephrol Renovasc Dis VL - 7 N2 - Chronic kidney disease (CKD) and its associated morbidity pose a worldwide health problem. (unboundmedicine.com)
Sometimes low levels of proteinuria are early signs of kidney disease that can get worse with time. (edren.org)
In contrast, proteinuria is suggestive of kidney disease in patients with diabetes mellitus, hypertension, primary renal disease, or other systemic illnesses. (jabfm.org)
1 In the seventeenth century Frederick Dekkers described how urine samples became caseous after exposure to heat and acetic acid, but it took another 200 years until Richard Bright associated proteinuria with kidney disease. (jabfm.org)
8-10 Proteinuria has been shown to be an independent risk factor for the progression of kidney disease rather than simply being a marker for glomerular dysfunction. (jabfm.org)
Persistent proteinuria with an inactive urine sediment is likely marker of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in dogs and cats. (iris-kidney.com)
2-5 Importantly, treatments that have attenuated proteinuria in dogs and cats with CKD have also been associated with slowed kidney disease progression and/or improved survival. (iris-kidney.com)
GPs may be missing out on valuable QOF payments by not recording the presence of proteinuria in patients with chronic kidney disease, an NHS audit has found. (pulsetoday.co.uk)
Your mother has an underlying chronic kidney disease as obvious from increased amount of protein leaking in the urine (proteinuria). (ndtv.com)
Irrespective of the cause of proteinuria, one would recommend prescribing specific class of blood pressure lowering medications called Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors (ACE Is) or/and Angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs), which are known to reduce the amount of urine protein leakage thereby delaying the progression of kidney disease over a period of time. (ndtv.com)
Edema due to proteinuria in children refers to a child who has swelling or bloating that occurs due to an underlying condition, such as kidney disease, that also causes protein in the urine. (rightdiagnosis.com)
It is not known exactly why proteinuria worsens kidney disease in cats. (felinecrf.org)
Proteinuria may occur in a healthy person with no kidney disease or systemic disorders. (healthhype.com)
There are also some causes of persistent proteinuria that may not be related to kidney disease. (healthhype.com)
Persistent proteinuria is a cause for concern as it is indicative of kidney disease or other systemic disorders that are impacting upon renal function. (healthhype.com)
Loss of serum proteins through the kidneys (renal proteinuria) has significant pathologic consequences in both humans and veterinary patients, most notably progression of kidney disease and thromboembolic disease. (iastate.edu)
The appearance of proteins in urine (proteinuria) is a strong indicator of kidney disease. (ajol.info)
The National Kidney Foundation's Kidney Disease Outcomes Quality Initiative (KDOQI) guideline on chronic kidney disease (CKD) implemented proteinuria as an indicator of kidney damage as well as a diagnostic criterion for CKD ( 2 ). (asnjournals.org)
Chronic kidney disease is probably the most common cause of proteinuria, but veterinarians see it in pets with other chronic diseases as well. (amcny.org)
In both dogs and cats with chronic kidney disease, proteinuria correlates with an increased risk of death from chronic kidney disease when compared to patients without proteinuria. (amcny.org)
If the cause of the proteinuria is chronic kidney disease, then lifelong treatment will be required. (amcny.org)
Patients with persistent proteinuria have chronic kidney disease. (aafp.org)

Proteinuria may be an early indicator of renal disease and increases the risk of renal impairment, hypertension, and cardiovascular disease. (bmj.com)
proteinuria , or elevated protein in the urine, should no longer be considered the signature criterion besides new-onset hypertension in diagnosing preeclampsia, says the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. (thefreedictionary.com)
This review will address the prognostic implications of proteinuria in the general population as well as other specific disease states including diabetes, hypertension and heart failure. (unboundmedicine.com)
Most patients with preeclampsia will develop de novo hypertension and proteinuria with the increase in severity of both occurring over days, not weeks. (health.am)
Isolated proteinuria does not seem to be harmful to the developing fetus, although it does predispose to maternal complications such as worsening edema and hypertension.13 If women have proteinuria without hypertension, the outcome of pregnancies is excellent with no increase in fetal death rates. (health.am)
Hyperuricemia, hypertension, and proteinuria associated with high-altitude polycythemia. (biomedsearch.com)
Hyperuricemia is common in subjects living at high altitude and associated with EE, hypertension, and proteinuria. (biomedsearch.com)
My wife has nephrotic syndrome (proteinuria) , hypertension and thyroid problem since last 5 years. (ndtv.com)
Your wife has had proteinuria and hypertension for 5 years. (ndtv.com)
The appearance of proteinuria of this magnitude in the absence of hypertension in pregnancy is not an unusual occurrence in patients with underlying quiescent renal disease. (preeclampsia.org)
In line with NICE guidance, QOF points are awarded for the proportion of CKD patients prescribed an ACE-inhibitor or an angiotensin receptor blocker if they have hypertension and proteinuria. (pulsetoday.co.uk)
Other causes of proteinuria include diabetes and hypertension . (felinecrf.org)
Management of chronic renal failure: beyond the can (2001) Wallace MS Presentation to the Atlantic Coast Veterinary Conference 2001 (scroll to No. 3) mentions that hypertension may promote proteinuria. (felinecrf.org)
With the prevalence of diabetes and hypertension, these conditions have to be excluded if proteinuria is detected upon routine investigation. (healthhype.com)
Objectives Some women with isolated gestational proteinuria (IGP) later develop hypertension and are diagnosed with pre-eclampsia (PE). (bmj.com)
IGP was defined as proteinuria in the absence of hypertension. (bmj.com)
P-PE was defined as PE in which proteinuria preceded hypertension by more than 2 days. (bmj.com)
This study focused on the timing of the onsets of hypertension and significant proteinuria defined as a protein-to-creatinine ratio (mg/mg) ≥0.27 in the spot urine specimen, classifying women into two groups: proteinuria preceding pre-eclampsia and other pre-eclampsia. (bmj.com)
This study confirmed that a considerable number of women with pre-eclampsia (36% in this study) develop significant proteinuria prior to the development of hypertension. (bmj.com)

What Is Bence-Jones Proteinuria? (wisegeek.com)
Bence-Jones proteinuria is the secretion of certain blood products, called Bence-Jones proteins, in the urine. (wisegeek.com)
Medical providers may consider testing for Bence-Jones proteinuria if they believe a patient's symptoms may be suggestive of a condition associated with kidney dysfunction. (wisegeek.com)
Changes in urine chemistry like Bence-Jones proteinuria can be caused by problems with the kidneys or bladder, as well as other regions of the body. (wisegeek.com)
Patients commonly develop Bence-Jones proteinuria when they have a cancer like multiple myeloma or Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia. (wisegeek.com)
In some cases, Bence-Jones proteinuria has a different cause or is benign in nature. (wisegeek.com)
Proteinuria is a general term that describes the presence of any type of protein in the urine, such as albumin, globulins, and Bence Jones proteins. (iris-kidney.com)
Tubular proteinuria may occur if that maximum is exceeded (e.g., excessive production of small molecular weight proteins like Bence Jones proteins) or if damage to the tubular epithelial cells (e.g., nephrotoxic damage or chronic tubulointerstitial disease) decreases their reabsorptive capacity. (iris-kidney.com)
False-negative results (decreased sensitivity) may occur with Bence Jones proteinuria, low concentrations of albuminuria, and/or dilute or acidic urine. (iris-kidney.com)

As proteinuria has evolved into a therapeutic target for cardiovascular risk reduction in the clinical setting we will also review therapeutic strategies that should be considered for patients with persistent proteinuria. (unboundmedicine.com)
Effectiveness of renoprotective approaches for persistent proteinuria in lupus nephritis: more than just immunosuppression. (annals.org)
Persistent proteinuria is abnormal and implies intrinsic renal disease. (edren.org)
Persistent Proteinuria Report by Material, Application, and Geography - Global Forecast to 2021 is a professional and in-depth research report on the world's major regional market conditions, focusing on the main regions (North America, Europe and Asia-Pacific) and the main countries (United States, Germany, united Kingdom, Japan, South Korea and China). (marketresearch.com)

Proteinuria is the presence of excess proteins in the urine . (wikipedia.org)
There are three main mechanisms to cause proteinuria: Due to disease in the glomerulus Because of increased quantity of proteins in serum (overflow proteinuria) Due to low reabsorption at proximal tubule (Fanconi syndrome) Proteinuria can also be caused by certain biological agents, such as bevacizumab (Avastin) used in cancer treatment. (wikipedia.org)
Low-molecular-weight proteins' appearing in larger quantities than this is tubular proteinuria, which points to failure of reabsorption by damaged tubular cells. (wikipedia.org)
Proteinuria, the hallmark of renal damage in glomerular diseases, is dependent on two main factors: the alteration of the glomerular filtration barrier and its three layers (glomerular endothelial cells, basement membrane, and visceral epithelial cells (podocytes)), and the impairment of proteins reabsorption by proximal tubular epithelial cells. (hindawi.com)
Spearheaded by the discovery that proteins located at the slit diaphragm of the glomerulus play a crucial role in the proper function of the glomerular filtration barrier, it has become clear that the molecular mechanisms leading to the development of proteinuria are complex. (frontiersin.org)
Glomerular proteinuria is caused by decreased selectivity of the glomerular filtration barrier so that large proteins are filtered from the plasma into the renal tubular. (vin.com)
Febrile proteinuria is not generalized: while proteins of both glomerular and tubular origin increase, uromodulin decreases. (frontiersin.org)
Therefore, in this study we characterized the type of urinary proteins (albumin, β2-microglobulin, uromodulin, and B7-1) in children with febrile proteinuria. (frontiersin.org)
tubular proteinuria proteinuria due to excretion of proteins of low molecular weight such as immunoglobulins , which normally should be reabsorbed. (thefreedictionary.com)
Tubulointerstitial diseases (eg, Fanconi syndrome) can lead to decreased reabsorptive capacity of the proximal tubule and up to 2 g of proteinuria per day because of impaired tubular absorption of filtered albumin, as well as loss of tubular proteins (β 2 microglobulin). (jabfm.org)
Proteinuria detected by dipstick and/or SSA screening tests and thought to be of renal origin is often confirmed and quantitated using the urine protein/creatinine ratio (UP/C). The dipstick, SSA, and UP/C tests are more sensitive for albumin than for other proteins. (iris-kidney.com)
ER stress could be brought about by hyperglycemia resulting in nonenzymatic glycosylation of proteins and generation of reactive oxygen species, and by increased turnover of tubular epithelial proteins and membrane components as a consequence of the massive protein and lipid reabsorption occurring in proteinuria. (asnjournals.org)

Exclude causes of transient proteinuria (box), which does not have these associations. (bmj.com)
Transient proteinuria during febrile illness is a common phenomenon. (frontiersin.org)
Transient proteinuria is a common finding in several illness states. (frontiersin.org)
Several studies in the past have described transient proteinuria during febrile illness and whether its origin was glomerular or tubular ( 4 , 5 ). (frontiersin.org)
We hypothesized that glomerular B7-1 may be upregulated also in transient febrile proteinuria. (frontiersin.org)
Transient proteinuria may be detected after strenuous physical activity, during periods of stress, fever, using aspirin or cold conditions. (healthhype.com)
In most cases, transient proteinuria will resolve on its own and is not indicative of serious disorders. (healthhype.com)
However, certain conditions like congestive heart failure may result in transient proteinuria, especially in the early stages. (healthhype.com)

Proteinuria was quantitated by the random urine protein-to-creatinine (Upr/cr) ratio, and glomerular proteinuria was assessed as the albumin-to-creatinine ratio (Ualb/cr) and percentage albuminuria (%Alb=Alb/pr*100). (nih.gov)
Having protein in your urine is called "albuminuria" or "proteinuria. (kidney.org)
How often do I need to have a test for albuminuria (proteinuria)? (kidney.org)
In turn, albuminuria was broken down into two further categories: microalbuminuria with ACR values between 20 and 300 mg/g and clinical proteinuria indicated by ACR values above 300 mg/g (20). (thefreedictionary.com)
The urine dipstick colorimetric test is the usual first-line screening test for the detection of proteinuria/albuminuria, but false-positive reactions are common. (iris-kidney.com)
Given the lack of transplant-specific definitions for proteinuria and albuminuria and that low levels of proteinuria have been related to poorer graft and patient survival, the KDIGO transplant guidelines suggest using the same values established for the general population ( Table 1 ) ( 8 ). (asnjournals.org)

Conventionally, proteinuria is diagnosed by a simple dipstick test , although it is possible for the test to give a false negative reading, [14] even with nephrotic range proteinuria if the urine is dilute. (wikipedia.org)
11 The daily excretion of more than 3.5 g of protein is called nephrotic range proteinuria. (jabfm.org)
Patients may present with nephrotic-range proteinuria leading to erroneous diagnosis of focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) and unnecessary immunosuppressive treatments. (springer.com)
Thus there are studies that show that proteinuria increases to the nephrotic range in about 50% of pregnant women with underlying renal disease. (preeclampsia.org)
Renal allograft biopsy was also suggested ( 8 ) for new-onset proteinuria or unexplained nephrotic- range proteinuria to determine whether a potentially treatable cause of graft dysfunction was present. (asnjournals.org)

Tubular proteinuria is proteinuria (excessive protein in the urine) caused by renal tubular dysfunction. (wikipedia.org)
Dent's disease is a rare recessive X-linked renal tubular disorder characterized by low-molecular-weight (LMW) proteinuria , hypercalciuria, nephrocalcinosis, nephrolithiasis, hypophosphatemia, rickets and slowly progressive renal failure. (thefreedictionary.com)
Proteinuria may be the result of glomerular proteinuria or tubular proteinuria. (unboundmedicine.com)
Although defects in tubular reabsorption of protein can also result in renal proteinuria (Fanconi's syndrome), changes in glomerular permeability are what results in the most significant and highest urine protein concentrations. (frontiersin.org)
Glomerular proteinuria can be minor to massive while tubular proteinuria is relatively minor. (vin.com)
Tamm-Horsfall mucoproteins, which is secreted by tubular cells and immunoglobulins, are responsible for the remaining part of physiologic proteinuria. (jabfm.org)
Proteinuria can be classified into 3 broad categories: (1) overflow proteinuria, (2) tubular proteinuria, and (3) glomerular proteinuria. (jabfm.org)
During states of increased low-molecular weight protein production and subsequent filtration, the amount of filtered protein exceeds tubular reabsorptive capacity, leading to proteinuria. (jabfm.org)
Tubular proteinuria can be diagnosed when the dip-stick is negative or trace (it measures urinary albumin) and there is protein noted on a quantitative specimen (see above). (renalandurologynews.com)
If necessary, quantitation of tubular proteinuria can be estimated by measuring urine β2 microglobuliln or α retinol binding protein excretion. (renalandurologynews.com)
Alternatively, tubular proteinuria can be estimated by subtracting total urinary protein from total urinary albumin. (renalandurologynews.com)
Importantly, increased mitochondria oxygen consumption resulted in kidney tissue hypoxia, proteinuria and increased staining of the tubular injury marker vimentin, demonstrating a crucial role of increased oxygen consumption per se and the resulting kidney tissue hypoxia for the development of nephropathy. (diva-portal.org)
We therefore hypothesized that proteinuria and hyperglycemia in DN may induce ER stress in tubular cells of the kidney. (asnjournals.org)
Biopsy studies of transplant patients with proteinuria have confirmed that transplant-specific diagnoses (transplant glomerulopathy, interstitial fibrosis and tubular atrophy, and acute rejection) are more commonly found than other proteinuric conditions, such as glomerulonephritis. (asnjournals.org)

The term proteinuria is used to indicate urinary protein excretion beyond the upper limit of normal (100 mg/m 2 /day or 4 mg/m 2 /h in children and 150 mg/day in adults). (unboundmedicine.com)
Proteinuria is defined as a total protein urinary excretion exceeding 300 mg in a 24-hour urine collection in pregnancy. (clinicaltrials.gov)
In patients with an underlying disease showing minimal or even normal proteinuria the reabsorbing mechanism may be saturated and the normal increased filtration of protein results in a large rise in excretion. (preeclampsia.org)
Using multiple regression model, the relationship of urinary kallikrein excretion with degree of proteinuria, creatinine clearance and other clinical parameter will also be evaluated. (bioportfolio.com)
To quantify proteinuria, the ratio of protein or albumin to creatinine in an untimed (spot) urine sample is an accurate alternative to measurement of protein excretion in a 24-hour urine collection. (aafp.org)

3. Tryggvason K, Patrakka J, Wartiovaara J. Hereditary proteinuria syndromes and mechanisms of proteinuria. (health.am)
The discussion of pathophysiologic mechanisms of proteinuria is beyond the scope of this article (for more information, read a recent review article 12 ). (jabfm.org)

The clinical manifestations of DN, such as microalbuminuria or proteinuria, are strongly related to these structural changes ( 1 ). (diabetesjournals.org)
Effect of captopril on progression to clinical proteinuria in patients with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus and microalbuminuria. (thefreedictionary.com)
Microalbuminuria predicts clinical proteinuria and early mortality in maturity-onset diabetes. (thefreedictionary.com)
Measurement and interpretation of proteinuria and microalbuminuria ( 2016) Grauer FG International Renal Interest Society states that the most commonly used method of obtaining urine to check for proteinuria is via the urine dipstick test but that it is not always very accurate and may give false positive or false negative results. (felinecrf.org)
It was concluded that tenidap caused a rapid, stable and reversible phosphaturia, microalbuminuria and proteinuria in the rat. (aspetjournals.org)

USPRwire, Thu Apr 02 2015] GlobalData's clinical trial report, " Proteinuria Global Clinical Trials Review, H1, 2015" provides data on the Proteinuria clinical trial scenario. (thefreedictionary.com)
There is a need for further studies for better understanding the pathogenesis of proteinuria and the clinical value of the different urine biomarkers in diagnosis and management of patients with chronic glomerular diseases. (hindawi.com)
Thus, proteinuria should be considered a valuable surrogate end point for clinical trials in patients with proteinuric renal diseases. (nih.gov)
Experimental basic research and clinical evidence, together with emerging clinical reports suggest the presence of a spectrum of disorders for which proteinuria is a typical occurrence. (frontiersin.org)
Dipstick urinalysis for proteinuria and hematuria has been used to screen renal disease, but evidence of the clinical impact of this test on development of end-stage renal disease (ESRD) is lacking. (nih.gov)
However, protein is normally present in the urine in small quantities, and while mild proteinuria may not require specific treatment, it may serve as a valuable marker in clinical research. (vin.com)
The author's clinical trial report, "Proteinuria Global Clinical Trials Review, H1, 2018" provides an overview of Proteinuria clinical trials scenario. (researchandmarkets.com)
This report provides top line data relating to the clinical trials on Proteinuria. (researchandmarkets.com)
Given the multitude of clinical settings in which proteinuria can occur, we suggest an algorithm that may help clinicians differentiate between benign and serious etiologies of proteinuria. (jabfm.org)
2 ,3 Nowadays, the presence of proteinuria is routinely and easily assessed in clinical practice. (jabfm.org)
Proteinuria is a common clinical finding in primary care practice. (jabfm.org)
Clinical proteinuria is indicated at a ratio result of 300 mg/g (33. (thefreedictionary.com)
The most common causes of clinical proteinuria are those without clinical significance. (thefreedictionary.com)
Impact of heavy proteinuria on clinical outcomes in patients on incident peritoneal dialysis. (biomedsearch.com)
Mitochondria uncoupling and altered morphology was also evident in kidneys from db/db-mice, a model of type-2 diabetes, together with proteinuria and glomerular hyperfiltration which are both clinical manifestations of diabetic nephropathy. (diva-portal.org)
Tenidap is a novel antirheumatic agent that causes a mild, reversible proteinuria in human clinical trials. (aspetjournals.org)
This review examines the clinical and diagnostic importance of proteinuria and available techniques. (ajol.info)
As in the nontransplant setting, proteinuria is associated with worse clinical outcomes, including an increased risk for death, cardiovascular events, and graft loss. (asnjournals.org)
This study was performed to determine whether clinical features of such proteinuria preceding PE (P-PE) differ from those of other PE (O-PE). (bmj.com)

c-mip impairs podocyte proximal signaling and induces heavy proteinuria. (nih.gov)
Diseases that affect the filtering units themselves are the most common cause of heavy proteinuria. (edren.org)
Heavy proteinuria can damage the kidney if it is present over a long period of time. (edren.org)
Heavy proteinuria usually indicates serious disease. (vin.com)
Glomerular diseases are always responsible for heavy proteinuria (nephrotic syndrome), and lesser proteinuria may therefore be an early sign of these. (edren.org)

Proteinuria may be a feature of the following conditions: Nephrotic syndromes (i.e. intrinsic kidney failure) Pre-eclampsia Eclampsia Toxic lesions of kidneys Amyloidosis Collagen vascular diseases (e.g. systemic lupus erythematosus) Dehydration Glomerular diseases, such as membranous glomerulonephritis, focal segmental glomerulonephritis, minimal change disease (lipoid nephrosis) Strenuous exercise Stress Benign orthostatic (postural) proteinuria Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) IgA nephropathy (i.e. (wikipedia.org)
Whereas proteinuria is an index in renal disorder and kidneys have important role in human health, Post exercise proteinuria has always been subject of attention. (thefreedictionary.com)
Treating the underlying cancer is the only way to address the proteinuria, and the strain on the kidneys can become a complicating factor when developing a treatment plan because some chemotherapy regimens are very harsh on the kidneys. (wisegeek.com)
Proteinuria is an indicator that the kidneys are damaged in some way. (edren.org)
the proteinuria is caused by the kidneys not working properly. (felinecrf.org)
the proteinuria is caused by a part of the urinary tract other than the kidneys depositing protein in the urine. (felinecrf.org)
But when kidneys aren t filtering properly, proteinuria can occur, meaning that an abnormal amount of protein is present in the urine. (omicsonline.org)
Proteinuria from native kidneys falls rapidly after renal transplantation, and persistent or worsening proteinuria is usually indicative of allograft pathology. (asnjournals.org)
When you work on the underlying causes of proteinuria, your kidneys will start restoring their health eventually. (apsense.com)

Multivariate logistic analyses were performed to calculate adjusted odds ratio and 95% confidence interval (95% CI) for the significance of proteinuria and hematuria on the risk of developing ESRD with confounding variables such as age, gender, blood pressure, and body mass index. (nih.gov)
Why is it worth to talk about hematuria and proteinuria? (hstalks.com)
Cornell University College of Veterinary Medicine states 'There are numerous causes of proteinuria, the most common of which are urinary tract inflammation, hematuria, and glomerular disease. (felinecrf.org)
This should not be confused with hematuria which is the presence of whole red blood cells, fragments or casts in the urine, although hematuria and proteinuria may occur simultaneously. (healthhype.com)
Numerous individuals with essentially normal health are referred by industrial, public health, or Army physicians to nephrologists for investigation of asymptomatic proteinuria or microscopic hematuria, or both. (springer.com)
Trace hematuria, and proteinuria on some ua. (healthtap.com)
Trace hematuria, and proteinuria on some ua dipstick. (healthtap.com)
Hematuria and proteinuria suggests a glomerular cause (kidney filter) since the urologic studies are negative. (healthtap.com)

Defined by both blood pressure and proteinuria criteria, diagnosis is often obscured by renal processes like systemic lupus erythematosus or nephrotic syndrome that increase urinary protein spillage. (clinicaltrials.gov)
This retrospective cohort study, including 5439 female and 4674 male workers of a national university in Japan who underwent annual health checkups between January 2005 and March 2013, aimed to assess an association of frequencies of breakfast, lunch, and dinner with incidence of proteinuria (dipstick urinary protein ≥1+). (mdpi.com)

However for most people, who have a lower level of proteinuria, the right thing is simply to monitor urine tests, blood pressure and kidney function over a prolonged period. (edren.org)
In the absence of features predisposing to renal disease, the risk of serious pathology is related to the level of proteinuria. (edren.org)
Chronic kidney insufficiency is classified by five stages according to the decline in GLOMERULAR FILTRATION RATE and the degree of kidney damage (as measured by the level of PROTEINURIA). (bioportfolio.com)
In the initials stage when you have a low level of proteinuria you will notice any sign. (apsense.com)

High levels of proteinuria are always important, however proteinuria that is small in amount and comes and goes is not as significant. (edren.org)
At a given estimated GFR (eGFR) in the nontransplant population, the risk for mortality, cardiovascular disease events, and progression to kidney failure are independently increased in patients with higher levels of proteinuria ( 1 ). (asnjournals.org)
Although the prevalence and definitions are varied, even low levels of proteinuria are associated with decreased graft survival and as such warrant attention even if it does not reach the higher threshold defined by some authors. (asnjournals.org)

Even a slight increase in proteinuria was an independent risk factor for ESRD. (nih.gov)
The salt-induced increase in proteinuria was related to the increase in systolic blood pressure on the high-salt diet ( r =.54, P =.04). (ahajournals.org)

Once the presence of proteinuria has been confirmed consideration should be given to determination of the source, magnitude and persistence (Table 2). (vin.com)

The National Kidney and Urologic Diseases Information Clearing House is a human site with information about the symptoms of proteinuria. (felinecrf.org)

Both the treatment of proteinuria and prognosis associated with this disorder vary enormously depending on the underlying cause. (pethealthnetwork.com)

The detection of proteinuria on the routine examination of apparently healthy individuals is often surrounded by diagnostic uncertainty. (annals.org)
Urine dipsticks have both poor sensitivity and specificity for detection of proteinuria in the cat, unless it is severe. (vin.com)

Proteinuria, a common finding in type 2 diabetes, is often observed in patients with no evidence of diabetic retinopathy: 20-45% of type 2 diabetic patients with proteinuria do not show retinal diabetic lesions. (diabetesjournals.org)
In patients without proteinuria, the incidence of CIN was not increased with reducing eGFR, however, in patients with proteinuria, the incidence of CIN was significantly increased with reducing eGFR as shown in the figure. (ahajournals.org)

In conclusion, random Ualb/cr, Upr/cr, and %Alb provide a simple and inexpensive assessment of proteinuria and may profile renal disease activity and response to therapy in pediatric patients. (nih.gov)
The assessment of proteinuria is clinically and diagnostically an important index in renal function generally and particularly that of nephrons. (ajol.info)

In the past twenty years, major progress in our understanding of the molecular mechanisms leading to the development of proteinuria was made. (frontiersin.org)
The primary focus of this topic edition is to identify different pathological components and molecular mechanisms contributing to the development of proteinuria in a variety of kidney diseases. (frontiersin.org)
16 ) demonstrated the novel role of CIN85 in the development of proteinuria of DN. (diabetesjournals.org)
Administration of valproic acid before kidney injury prevented the development of proteinuria and the onset of glomerulosclerosis. (asnjournals.org)

What is the significance of proteinuria? (edren.org)

Quantification of proteinuria can be useful in the workup of the patient who has a urine dipstick positive for protein. (thefreedictionary.com)
As a result, measurement of the urine protein-to-creatinine (UPC) ratio is most often employed for the quantification of proteinuria. (vin.com)
Quantification of proteinuria can be used longitudinally to monitor therapeutic effects of treatment of the underlying disease. (jabfm.org)

This article provides an overview of the most common causes of proteinuria in adults, describes ways to assess proteinuria, and offers an algorithmic approach to differentiate benign from serious etiologies of proteinuria. (jabfm.org)
The urine has 4+ proteinuria and the sediment has microhematuria in about 30% of cases but otherwise is benign. (renalandurologynews.com)

Most adolescents who are diagnosed with proteinuria through screening urinalysis do not have renal disease, and the proteinuria will usually resolve on repeat testing. (jabfm.org)
3 ) recently validated a new five-category system for risk stratification in patients with CKD, based on the combination of eGFR and proteinuria measured by albumin-creatinine ratio (ACR) or dipstick urinalysis. (asnjournals.org)

Blood in the urine , infection or inflammation may give a false positive result, causing post-renal proteinuria . (felinecrf.org)
In this study, we demonstrate that chronic administration of VPA has beneficial effects on proteinuria, glomerulosclerosis, and renal inflammation in the experimental mouse ADR nephropathy model. (asnjournals.org)

People with diabetes may have damaged nephrons and develop proteinuria. (wikipedia.org)
The most common cause of proteinuria is diabetes, and in any person with proteinuria and diabetes, the cause of the underlying proteinuria should be separated into two categories: diabetic proteinuria versus the field. (wikipedia.org)
A few population-based studies describe the incidence of gross proteinuria in people with diabetes. (diabetesjournals.org)
RESULTS: The patients with higher proteinuria levels had a higher incidence of male sex, diabetes mellitus (DM), and icodextrin use than those with lower proteinuria levels. (biomedsearch.com)
OBJECTIVE To examine whether there is a difference in the association between high pulse pressure and proteinuria, independent of other blood pressure (BP) indices, such as systolic or diastolic BP, among subjects with diabetes, prediabetes, or normal glucose tolerance. (diabetesjournals.org)
CONCLUSIONS Among the Japanese general population, there was a significant difference in the association between high pulse pressure and proteinuria among subjects with diabetes, prediabetes, and normal glucose tolerance. (diabetesjournals.org)
Only in diabetes was high pulse pressure associated with proteinuria independent of systolic, diastolic, or mean BP levels. (diabetesjournals.org)
Chronic A2a AR stimulation prevents proteinuria and glomerular damage in experimental diabetes via an anti-inflammatory mechanism independent of oxidative stress and kidney hypoxia. (sigmaaldrich.com)
If you are losing albumin because of diabetes and high blood pressure, then your doctor would suggest the Best ayurvedic treatment for proteinuria to maintain their level. (apsense.com)

Urine infection can cause proteinuria, but usually there are other signs of this such as a urinary tract infections . (kidneyresearchuk.org)
Almost any renal disease, or any type of renal injury, can cause proteinuria. (edren.org)

With severe proteinuria, general hypoproteinemia can develop which results in diminished oncotic pressure . (wikipedia.org)
In severe proteinuria, frothy or foamy urine may be evident. (healthhype.com)

overviewed the alterations of glomerular endothelial cells, basement membrane and podocytes, the possible relationship between glomerular proteinuria and tubulointerstitial damage, and described less and more recent approaches to reduce proteinuria. (hindawi.com)
Blockade of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system with angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers will reduce proteinuria, but the long-term effect of these medications on patient and graft survival remains unknown. (asnjournals.org)

used next-generation sequencing data to identify patients with chronic proteinuria who had biallelic variants in the cubilin gene (CUBN). (jci.org)
1 Chronic proteinuria and tubulointerstitial fibrosis, characteristics of established DN, correlate best with the degree of renal dysfunction and are considered reliable prognostic indicators for ESRD. (asnjournals.org)
2 - 4 ADR nephropathy is a nondiabetic podocyte injury model classified as the classic variant of FSGS in humans, leading to chronic proteinuria and renal failure. (asnjournals.org)

Postural proteinuria and lipoid nephrosis of 58 years' duration. (bmj.com)
Postural proteinuria. (bmj.com)
Simenhoff M L . Postural proteinuria and lipoid nephrosis of 58 years' duration. (bmj.com)
Proteinuria on a day or upright specimen and absent on a first morning or recumbent specimen is diagnostic for orthostatic or postural proteinuria. (renalandurologynews.com)

Therefore, asymptomatic proteinuria warrants further work-up and intervention. (nih.gov)

Biochemical parameters proteinuria and serum creatinine were done at the start, mid and end of the experiment. (thefreedictionary.com)
Low levels or intermittent proteinuria can be managed by regular (6-12 monthly) monitoring of urine testing, blood pressure, and serum creatinine. (edren.org)
I would advise complete evaluation by a nephrologist who would seek further urine and blood tests (including serum creatinine level) to ascertain the actual cause of proteinuria and the level of kidney function. (ndtv.com)

citation needed] Foamy urine is considered a cardinal sign of proteinuria, but only a third of people with foamy urine have proteinuria as the underlying cause. (wikipedia.org)
One commonly seen symptom of proteinuria is foamy urine. (felinecrf.org)
Foamy urine may be the only sign of proteinuria initially but in severe cases, there may be swelling of the face, limbs and abdomen. (healthhype.com)

Proteinuria can be a symptom of some other conditions and diseases: for example: congestive heart failure, a first warning of eclampsia in pregnancy. (kidneyresearchuk.org)
Proteinuria in pregnancy: What does it mean? (health.am)
When proteinuria develops later in pregnancy, it can be from intrinsic renal disease or preeclampsia. (health.am)
This is why it is so important to do early screening for proteinuria in pregnancy. (health.am)
Proteinuria in pregnancy results from preexisting underlying renal disease, or from preeclampsia. (health.am)
Proteinuria detected early in pregnancy should be investigated for underlying causes. (health.am)
Random protein-creatinine ratio for the quantitation of proteinuria in pregnancy. (health.am)
This is because her proteinuria appeared early and was in the nephritic range (more than 3 g/day), probably before mid pregnancy. (preeclampsia.org)
During my pregnancy, I had proteinuria of 7g at 22w, but with normal BP (120/80 up through 24 weeks). (preeclampsia.org)
See detailed information below for a list of 12 causes of Proteinuria in pregnancy , Symptom Checker , including diseases and drug side effect causes. (rightdiagnosis.com)
Listed below are some combinations of symptoms associated with Proteinuria in pregnancy, as listed in our database. (rightdiagnosis.com)
Review further information on Proteinuria in pregnancy Treatments . (rightdiagnosis.com)
Read more about causes and Proteinuria in pregnancy deaths . (rightdiagnosis.com)
How Common are these Causes of Proteinuria in pregnancy? (rightdiagnosis.com)
The ICD-10 code range for ICD-10 Edema, proteinuria and hypertensive disorders in pregnancy, childbirth and the puerperium O10-O16 is medical classification list by the World Health Organization (WHO). (aapc.com)
Proteinuria is also significant in some non-pathological cases such as pregnancy and static proteinuria found among military men. (ajol.info)
This study demonstrated that women with proteinuria preceding pre-eclampsia were likely to give birth at an earlier stage of pregnancy compared to those with other pre-eclampsia. (bmj.com)

More importantly, a reduction in proteinuria invariably translates into a protection from renal function decline in patients with diabetic and nondiabetic renal disease with overt proteinuria. (nih.gov)
Citric acid inhibits development of cataracts, proteinuria and ketosis in streptozotocin (type 1) diabetic rats. (greenmedinfo.com)
This Phase 2A study is an adaptive design pilot study investigating the efficacy and safety of daily Acthar administration in diabetic patients with nephropathy and proteinuria. (clinicaltrials.gov)
A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled, Parallel-Group, Adaptive Design Pilot Safety and Efficacy Study of H.P. Acthar Gel (Acthar) in Patients With Diabetic Nephropathy and Proteinuria. (clinicaltrials.gov)
Significant proteinuria, as in the above case, is a sign of kidney damage, commonest cause being diabetic. (ndtv.com)
On a multiple regression analysis, only mean blood pressure and proteinuria were significant determinants of progression of renal disease in type 2 diabetic patients with retinopathy. (diabetesjournals.org)
For investigation of whether proteinuria and hyperglycemia induce ER stress in renal epithelial cells, microarray data from biopsies of established diabetic nephropathy (DN) were analyzed. (asnjournals.org)
Adenosine A2 a receptor stimulation prevents proteinuria in diabetic rats by promoting an anti-inflammatory phenotype without affecting oxidative stress. (sigmaaldrich.com)

Further information on certain types of glomerulonephritis causing proteinuria can be found through EdRenINFO or SEARCH the site. (edren.org)

Of those 16% of CKD patients were coded correctly for eGFR and proteinuria and 66% of patients had their albumin-creatinine ratio checked. (pulsetoday.co.uk)

There are numerous causes of proteinuria and the persistence of this finding warrants evaluation in addition to basic blood tests. (runnersworld.com)

Population-based studies have identified proteinuria as a predictor of future decline in glomerular filtration rate and of the development of end-stage renal disease. (nih.gov)
Proteinuria is a marker of renal injury that can often be detected earlier than any tangible decline in glomerular filtration rate. (unboundmedicine.com)

Because of the association of proteinuria with progression of renal injury, rigorous attention to blood pressure control is strongly recommended if renal function is impaired (see information on blood pressure in renal disease ). (edren.org)
Even after postponing treatment until the peak of adriamycin-induced proteinuria, valproic acid rapidly decreased the quantity of proteinuria and attenuated the progression of renal disease. (asnjournals.org)

If a urine dipstick test is positive (1+ or greater), proteinuria should be confirmed by a quantitative measurement (protein-to-creatinine ratio or albumin-to-creatinine ratio) within three months. (aafp.org)

2 - 6 In fact, proteinuria per se has been postulated to contribute to progressive tubulointerstitial fibrosis in general. (asnjournals.org)

Proteinuria is usually asymptomatic, meaning that a person will not notice any signs or symptoms due to the presence of high levels of protein in the urine. (healthhype.com)

Large amounts of glomerular proteinuria may be found in the context of edema and hypoalbuminemia (nephrotic syndrome). (unboundmedicine.com)
The nephrotic syndrome consists of proteinuria, hypoalbuminemia, and hyperlipidemia with or without edema. (renalandurologynews.com)
See detailed information below for a list of 3 causes of Edema due to proteinuria in children , including diseases and drug side effect causes. (rightdiagnosis.com)
The following medical conditions are some of the possible causes of Edema due to proteinuria in children. (rightdiagnosis.com)
This information refers to the general prevalence and incidence of these diseases, not to how likely they are to be the actual cause of Edema due to proteinuria in children. (rightdiagnosis.com)
The following list of conditions have ' Edema due to proteinuria in children ' or similar listed as a symptom in our database. (rightdiagnosis.com)

Significant proteinuria was more prevalent in the EE group despite normal renal function. (biomedsearch.com)
Treatment of the Salmonella infection with ampicillin resulted in rapid cessation of proteinuria with return of normal renal function, and improvement in maximal urine concentrating ability. (ajtmh.org)

Anatomy9

Organisms5

Diseases39

Chemicals and Drugs24

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment17

Phenomena and Processes4

Disciplines and Occupations1

Health Care6

Angiotensin-converting enzyme is upregulated in the proximal tubules of rats with intense proteinuria. (1/3373)

Up-regulation of glomerular extracellular matrix and transforming growth factor-beta expression in RF/J mice. (2/3373)

Blocking angiotensin II ameliorates proteinuria and glomerular lesions in progressive mesangioproliferative glomerulonephritis. (3/3373)

Proteinuria induces tubular cell turnover: A potential mechanism for tubular atrophy. (4/3373)

Mycophenolate mofetil prevents the progressive renal failure induced by 5/6 renal ablation in rats. (5/3373)

HIV-associated nephropathy is a late, not early, manifestation of HIV-1 infection. (6/3373)

Long-term effects of cyclosporine A in Alport's syndrome. (7/3373)

Circulating vascular endothelial growth factor is not increased during relapses of steroid-sensitive nephrotic syndrome. (8/3373)

Proteinuria

Kidney Glomerulus

Nephrotic Syndrome

Podocytes

Glomerulosclerosis, Focal Segmental

Glomerulonephritis

Glomerulonephritis, Membranous

Kidney Diseases

Kidney

Glomerulonephritis, IGA

Nephrosis

Creatinine

Puromycin Aminonucleoside

Glomerular Filtration Rate

Diabetic Nephropathies

Urinalysis

Albuminuria

Nephritis

Hematuria

Lupus Nephritis

Glomerulonephritis, Membranoproliferative

Kidney Failure, Chronic

Kidney Function Tests

Nephrosis, Lipoid

Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitors

Nephritis, Interstitial

Kidney Tubules

Glomerular Basement Membrane

Blood Pressure

Disease Progression

Nephrectomy

AIDS-Associated Nephropathy

Hypertension, Renal

Kidney Transplantation

Pre-Eclampsia

Immunosuppressive Agents

Lisinopril

Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor Blockers

Biopsy

Glomerular Filtration Barrier

Disease Models, Animal

Hypertension

Renal Insufficiency, Chronic

Reagent Strips

Renal Insufficiency

Fanconi Syndrome

Mice, Inbred NZB

Immune Complex Diseases

Basement Membrane

Antihypertensive Agents

Time Factors

Enalapril

Biological Markers

Risk Factors

Hypoalbuminemia

Chronic Disease

Low Density Lipoprotein Receptor-Related Protein-2

Mycophenolic Acid

Serum Albumin

Purpura, Schoenlein-Henoch

Renin-Angiotensin System

Losartan

Treatment Outcome

Bence Jones Protein

Anti-Glomerular Basement Membrane Disease

Antibodies, Antinuclear

Nephrosclerosis

Rats, Sprague-Dawley

Tetrazoles

Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic

Drug Therapy, Combination

Serum Sickness

Complement C3

Glomerular Mesangium

Complement Membrane Attack Complex

Follow-Up Studies

Amyloidosis

Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2

Kidney Tubules, Proximal

Fibrosis