The presence of proteins in the urine, an indicator of KIDNEY DISEASES.
A cluster of convoluted capillaries beginning at each nephric tubule in the kidney and held together by connective tissue.
A condition characterized by severe PROTEINURIA, greater than 3.5 g/day in an average adult. The substantial loss of protein in the urine results in complications such as HYPOPROTEINEMIA; generalized EDEMA; HYPERTENSION; and HYPERLIPIDEMIAS. Diseases associated with nephrotic syndrome generally cause chronic kidney dysfunction.
Highly differentiated epithelial cells of the visceral layer of BOWMAN CAPSULE of the KIDNEY. They are composed of a cell body with major CELL SURFACE EXTENSIONS and secondary fingerlike extensions called pedicels. They enwrap the KIDNEY GLOMERULUS capillaries with their cell surface extensions forming a filtration structure. The pedicels of neighboring podocytes interdigitate with each other leaving between them filtration slits that are bridged by an extracellular structure impermeable to large macromolecules called the slit diaphragm, and provide the last barrier to protein loss in the KIDNEY.
A clinicopathological syndrome or diagnostic term for a type of glomerular injury that has multiple causes, primary or secondary. Clinical features include PROTEINURIA, reduced GLOMERULAR FILTRATION RATE, and EDEMA. Kidney biopsy initially indicates focal segmental glomerular consolidation (hyalinosis) or scarring which can progress to globally sclerotic glomeruli leading to eventual KIDNEY FAILURE.
Inflammation of the renal glomeruli (KIDNEY GLOMERULUS) that can be classified by the type of glomerular injuries including antibody deposition, complement activation, cellular proliferation, and glomerulosclerosis. These structural and functional abnormalities usually lead to HEMATURIA; PROTEINURIA; HYPERTENSION; and RENAL INSUFFICIENCY.
A type of glomerulonephritis that is characterized by the accumulation of immune deposits (COMPLEMENT MEMBRANE ATTACK COMPLEX) on the outer aspect of the GLOMERULAR BASEMENT MEMBRANE. It progresses from subepithelial dense deposits, to basement membrane reaction and eventual thickening of the basement membrane.
Pathological processes of the KIDNEY or its component tissues.
Body organ that filters blood for the secretion of URINE and that regulates ion concentrations.
A chronic form of glomerulonephritis characterized by deposits of predominantly IMMUNOGLOBULIN A in the mesangial area (GLOMERULAR MESANGIUM). Deposits of COMPLEMENT C3 and IMMUNOGLOBULIN G are also often found. Clinical features may progress from asymptomatic HEMATURIA to END-STAGE KIDNEY DISEASE.
Pathological processes of the KIDNEY without inflammatory or neoplastic components. Nephrosis may be a primary disorder or secondary complication of other diseases. It is characterized by the NEPHROTIC SYNDROME indicating the presence of PROTEINURIA and HYPOALBUMINEMIA with accompanying EDEMA.
PUROMYCIN derivative that lacks the methoxyphenylalanyl group on the amine of the sugar ring. It is an antibiotic with antineoplastic properties and can cause nephrosis.
The volume of water filtered out of plasma through glomerular capillary walls into Bowman's capsules per unit of time. It is considered to be equivalent to INULIN clearance.
KIDNEY injuries associated with diabetes mellitus and affecting KIDNEY GLOMERULUS; ARTERIOLES; KIDNEY TUBULES; and the interstitium. Clinical signs include persistent PROTEINURIA, from microalbuminuria progressing to ALBUMINURIA of greater than 300 mg/24 h, leading to reduced GLOMERULAR FILTRATION RATE and END-STAGE RENAL DISEASE.
Examination of urine by chemical, physical, or microscopic means. Routine urinalysis usually includes performing chemical screening tests, determining specific gravity, observing any unusual color or odor, screening for bacteriuria, and examining the sediment microscopically.
The presence of albumin in the urine, an indicator of KIDNEY DISEASES.
Inflammation of any part of the KIDNEY.
Presence of blood in the urine.
Glomerulonephritis associated with autoimmune disease SYSTEMIC LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS. Lupus nephritis is histologically classified into 6 classes: class I - normal glomeruli, class II - pure mesangial alterations, class III - focal segmental glomerulonephritis, class IV - diffuse glomerulonephritis, class V - diffuse membranous glomerulonephritis, and class VI - advanced sclerosing glomerulonephritis (The World Health Organization classification 1982).
Chronic glomerulonephritis characterized histologically by proliferation of MESANGIAL CELLS, increase in the MESANGIAL EXTRACELLULAR MATRIX, and a thickening of the glomerular capillary walls. This may appear as a primary disorder or secondary to other diseases including infections and autoimmune disease SYSTEMIC LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS. Various subtypes are classified by their abnormal ultrastructures and immune deposits. Hypocomplementemia is a characteristic feature of all types of MPGN.
The end-stage of CHRONIC RENAL INSUFFICIENCY. It is characterized by the severe irreversible kidney damage (as measured by the level of PROTEINURIA) and the reduction in GLOMERULAR FILTRATION RATE to less than 15 ml per min (Kidney Foundation: Kidney Disease Outcome Quality Initiative, 2002). These patients generally require HEMODIALYSIS or KIDNEY TRANSPLANTATION.
Laboratory tests used to evaluate how well the kidneys are working through examination of blood and urine.
A kidney disease with no or minimal histological glomerular changes on light microscopy and with no immune deposits. It is characterized by lipid accumulation in the epithelial cells of KIDNEY TUBULES and in the URINE. Patients usually show NEPHROTIC SYNDROME indicating the presence of PROTEINURIA with accompanying EDEMA.
A class of drugs whose main indications are the treatment of hypertension and heart failure. They exert their hemodynamic effect mainly by inhibiting the renin-angiotensin system. They also modulate sympathetic nervous system activity and increase prostaglandin synthesis. They cause mainly vasodilation and mild natriuresis without affecting heart rate and contractility.
Inflammation of the interstitial tissue of the kidney. This term is generally used for primary inflammation of KIDNEY TUBULES and/or surrounding interstitium. For primary inflammation of glomerular interstitium, see GLOMERULONEPHRITIS. Infiltration of the inflammatory cells into the interstitial compartment results in EDEMA, increased spaces between the tubules, and tubular renal dysfunction.
Long convoluted tubules in the nephrons. They collect filtrate from blood passing through the KIDNEY GLOMERULUS and process this filtrate into URINE. Each renal tubule consists of a BOWMAN CAPSULE; PROXIMAL KIDNEY TUBULE; LOOP OF HENLE; DISTAL KIDNEY TUBULE; and KIDNEY COLLECTING DUCT leading to the central cavity of the kidney (KIDNEY PELVIS) that connects to the URETER.
The layer of EXTRACELLULAR MATRIX that lies between the ENDOTHELIUM of the glomerular capillaries and the PODOCYTES of the inner or visceral layer of the BOWMAN CAPSULE. It is the product of these two cell types. It acts as a physical barrier and an ion-selective filter.
PRESSURE of the BLOOD on the ARTERIES and other BLOOD VESSELS.
The worsening of a disease over time. This concept is most often used for chronic and incurable diseases where the stage of the disease is an important determinant of therapy and prognosis.
Excision of kidney.
Renal syndrome in human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients characterized by nephrotic syndrome, severe proteinuria, focal and segmental glomerulosclerosis with distinctive tubular and interstitial changes, enlarged kidneys, and peculiar tubuloreticular structures. The syndrome is distinct from heroin-associated nephropathy as well as other forms of kidney disease seen in HIV-infected patients.
Persistent high BLOOD PRESSURE due to KIDNEY DISEASES, such as those involving the renal parenchyma, the renal vasculature, or tumors that secrete RENIN.
The transference of a kidney from one human or animal to another.
A complication of PREGNANCY, characterized by a complex of symptoms including maternal HYPERTENSION and PROTEINURIA with or without pathological EDEMA. Symptoms may range between mild and severe. Pre-eclampsia usually occurs after the 20th week of gestation, but may develop before this time in the presence of trophoblastic disease.
Agents that suppress immune function by one of several mechanisms of action. Classical cytotoxic immunosuppressants act by inhibiting DNA synthesis. Others may act through activation of T-CELLS or by inhibiting the activation of HELPER CELLS. While immunosuppression has been brought about in the past primarily to prevent rejection of transplanted organs, new applications involving mediation of the effects of INTERLEUKINS and other CYTOKINES are emerging.
One of the ANGIOTENSIN-CONVERTING ENZYME INHIBITORS (ACE inhibitors), orally active, that has been used in the treatment of hypertension and congestive heart failure.
Agents that antagonize ANGIOTENSIN II TYPE 1 RECEPTOR. Included are ANGIOTENSIN II analogs such as SARALASIN and biphenylimidazoles such as LOSARTAN. Some are used as ANTIHYPERTENSIVE AGENTS.
Removal and pathologic examination of specimens in the form of small pieces of tissue from the living body.
A specialized barrier in the kidney, consisting of the fenestrated CAPILLARY ENDOTHELIUM; GLOMERULAR BASEMENT MEMBRANE; and glomerular epithelium (PODOCYTES). The barrier prevents the filtration of PLASMA PROTEINS.
Naturally occurring or experimentally induced animal diseases with pathological processes sufficiently similar to those of human diseases. They are used as study models for human diseases.
Persistently high systemic arterial BLOOD PRESSURE. Based on multiple readings (BLOOD PRESSURE DETERMINATION), hypertension is currently defined as when SYSTOLIC PRESSURE is consistently greater than 140 mm Hg or when DIASTOLIC PRESSURE is consistently 90 mm Hg or more.
Conditions in which the KIDNEYS perform below the normal level for more than three months. Chronic kidney insufficiency is classified by five stages according to the decline in GLOMERULAR FILTRATION RATE and the degree of kidney damage (as measured by the level of PROTEINURIA). The most severe form is the end-stage renal disease (CHRONIC KIDNEY FAILURE). (Kidney Foundation: Kidney Disease Outcome Quality Initiative, 2002)
Narrow pieces of material impregnated or covered with a substance used to produce a chemical reaction. The strips are used in detecting, measuring, producing, etc., other substances. (From Dorland, 28th ed)
Conditions in which the KIDNEYS perform below the normal level in the ability to remove wastes, concentrate URINE, and maintain ELECTROLYTE BALANCE; BLOOD PRESSURE; and CALCIUM metabolism. Renal insufficiency can be classified by the degree of kidney damage (as measured by the level of PROTEINURIA) and reduction in GLOMERULAR FILTRATION RATE.
A hereditary or acquired form of generalized dysfunction of the PROXIMAL KIDNEY TUBULE without primary involvement of the KIDNEY GLOMERULUS. It is usually characterized by the tubular wasting of nutrients and salts (GLUCOSE; AMINO ACIDS; PHOSPHATES; and BICARBONATES) resulting in HYPOKALEMIA; ACIDOSIS; HYPERCALCIURIA; and PROTEINURIA.
Group of diseases mediated by the deposition of large soluble complexes of antigen and antibody with resultant damage to tissue. Besides SERUM SICKNESS and the ARTHUS REACTION, evidence supports a pathogenic role for immune complexes in many other IMMUNE SYSTEM DISEASES including GLOMERULONEPHRITIS, systemic lupus erythematosus (LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS, SYSTEMIC) and POLYARTERITIS NODOSA.
A darkly stained mat-like EXTRACELLULAR MATRIX (ECM) that separates cell layers, such as EPITHELIUM from ENDOTHELIUM or a layer of CONNECTIVE TISSUE. The ECM layer that supports an overlying EPITHELIUM or ENDOTHELIUM is called basal lamina. Basement membrane (BM) can be formed by the fusion of either two adjacent basal laminae or a basal lamina with an adjacent reticular lamina of connective tissue. BM, composed mainly of TYPE IV COLLAGEN; glycoprotein LAMININ; and PROTEOGLYCAN, provides barriers as well as channels between interacting cell layers.
Drugs used in the treatment of acute or chronic vascular HYPERTENSION regardless of pharmacological mechanism. Among the antihypertensive agents are DIURETICS; (especially DIURETICS, THIAZIDE); ADRENERGIC BETA-ANTAGONISTS; ADRENERGIC ALPHA-ANTAGONISTS; ANGIOTENSIN-CONVERTING ENZYME INHIBITORS; CALCIUM CHANNEL BLOCKERS; GANGLIONIC BLOCKERS; and VASODILATOR AGENTS.
Elements of limited time intervals, contributing to particular results or situations.
An angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor that is used to treat HYPERTENSION and HEART FAILURE.
Measurable and quantifiable biological parameters (e.g., specific enzyme concentration, specific hormone concentration, specific gene phenotype distribution in a population, presence of biological substances) which serve as indices for health- and physiology-related assessments, such as disease risk, psychiatric disorders, environmental exposure and its effects, disease diagnosis, metabolic processes, substance abuse, pregnancy, cell line development, epidemiologic studies, etc.
An aspect of personal behavior or lifestyle, environmental exposure, or inborn or inherited characteristic, which, on the basis of epidemiologic evidence, is known to be associated with a health-related condition considered important to prevent.
A condition in which albumin level in blood (SERUM ALBUMIN) is below the normal range. Hypoalbuminemia may be due to decreased hepatic albumin synthesis, increased albumin catabolism, altered albumin distribution, or albumin loss through the urine (ALBUMINURIA).
Diseases which have one or more of the following characteristics: they are permanent, leave residual disability, are caused by nonreversible pathological alteration, require special training of the patient for rehabilitation, or may be expected to require a long period of supervision, observation, or care. (Dictionary of Health Services Management, 2d ed)
An LDL-RECEPTOR RELATED PROTEIN found in the neuroepithelium and in proximal tubular cells of the kidney. It is considered a multiligand receptor in that it binds to a variety of ligands with relatively high affinity and may function in mediating the uptake and lysosomal degradation of macromolecules such as: LIPOPROTEINS; ENDOPEPTIDASES; and PROTEASE INHIBITORS.
An antibiotic substance derived from Penicillium stoloniferum, and related species. It blocks de novo biosynthesis of purine nucleotides by inhibition of the enzyme inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase. Mycophenolic acid is important because of its selective effects on the immune system. It prevents the proliferation of T-cells, lymphocytes, and the formation of antibodies from B-cells. It also may inhibit recruitment of leukocytes to inflammatory sites. (From Gilman et al., Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 9th ed, p1301)
A major protein in the BLOOD. It is important in maintaining the colloidal osmotic pressure and transporting large organic molecules.
A systemic non-thrombocytopenic purpura caused by HYPERSENSITIVITY VASCULITIS and deposition of IGA-containing IMMUNE COMPLEXES within the blood vessels throughout the body, including those in the kidney (KIDNEY GLOMERULUS). Clinical symptoms include URTICARIA; ERYTHEMA; ARTHRITIS; GASTROINTESTINAL HEMORRHAGE; and renal involvement. Most cases are seen in children after acute upper respiratory infections.
A BLOOD PRESSURE regulating system of interacting components that include RENIN; ANGIOTENSINOGEN; ANGIOTENSIN CONVERTING ENZYME; ANGIOTENSIN I; ANGIOTENSIN II; and angiotensinase. Renin, an enzyme produced in the kidney, acts on angiotensinogen, an alpha-2 globulin produced by the liver, forming ANGIOTENSIN I. Angiotensin-converting enzyme, contained in the lung, acts on angiotensin I in the plasma converting it to ANGIOTENSIN II, an extremely powerful vasoconstrictor. Angiotensin II causes contraction of the arteriolar and renal VASCULAR SMOOTH MUSCLE, leading to retention of salt and water in the KIDNEY and increased arterial blood pressure. In addition, angiotensin II stimulates the release of ALDOSTERONE from the ADRENAL CORTEX, which in turn also increases salt and water retention in the kidney. Angiotensin-converting enzyme also breaks down BRADYKININ, a powerful vasodilator and component of the KALLIKREIN-KININ SYSTEM.
An antagonist of ANGIOTENSIN TYPE 1 RECEPTOR with antihypertensive activity due to the reduced pressor effect of ANGIOTENSIN II.
Evaluation undertaken to assess the results or consequences of management and procedures used in combating disease in order to determine the efficacy, effectiveness, safety, and practicability of these interventions in individual cases or series.
An abnormal protein with unusual thermosolubility characteristics that is found in the urine of patients with MULTIPLE MYELOMA.
An autoimmune disease of the KIDNEY and the LUNG. It is characterized by the presence of circulating autoantibodies targeting the epitopes in the non-collagenous domains of COLLAGEN TYPE IV in the basement membranes of kidney glomeruli (KIDNEY GLOMERULUS) and lung alveoli (PULMONARY ALVEOLI), and the subsequent destruction of these basement membranes. Clinical features include pulmonary alveolar hemorrhage and glomerulonephritis.
Autoantibodies directed against various nuclear antigens including DNA, RNA, histones, acidic nuclear proteins, or complexes of these molecular elements. Antinuclear antibodies are found in systemic autoimmune diseases including systemic lupus erythematosus, Sjogren's syndrome, scleroderma, polymyositis, and mixed connective tissue disease.
Hardening of the KIDNEY due to infiltration by fibrous connective tissue (FIBROSIS), usually caused by renovascular diseases or chronic HYPERTENSION. Nephrosclerosis leads to renal ISCHEMIA.
A strain of albino rat used widely for experimental purposes because of its calmness and ease of handling. It was developed by the Sprague-Dawley Animal Company.
A chronic, relapsing, inflammatory, and often febrile multisystemic disorder of connective tissue, characterized principally by involvement of the skin, joints, kidneys, and serosal membranes. It is of unknown etiology, but is thought to represent a failure of the regulatory mechanisms of the autoimmune system. The disease is marked by a wide range of system dysfunctions, an elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate, and the formation of LE cells in the blood or bone marrow.
Therapy with two or more separate preparations given for a combined effect.
Immune complex disease caused by the administration of foreign serum or serum proteins and characterized by fever, lymphadenopathy, arthralgia, and urticaria. When they are complexed to protein carriers, some drugs can also cause serum sickness when they act as haptens inducing antibody responses.
A glycoprotein that is central in both the classical and the alternative pathway of COMPLEMENT ACTIVATION. C3 can be cleaved into COMPLEMENT C3A and COMPLEMENT C3B, spontaneously at low level or by C3 CONVERTASE at high level. The smaller fragment C3a is an ANAPHYLATOXIN and mediator of local inflammatory process. The larger fragment C3b binds with C3 convertase to form C5 convertase.
The thin membranous structure supporting the adjoining glomerular capillaries. It is composed of GLOMERULAR MESANGIAL CELLS and their EXTRACELLULAR MATRIX.
A product of COMPLEMENT ACTIVATION cascade, regardless of the pathways, that forms transmembrane channels causing disruption of the target CELL MEMBRANE and cell lysis. It is formed by the sequential assembly of terminal complement components (COMPLEMENT C5B; COMPLEMENT C6; COMPLEMENT C7; COMPLEMENT C8; and COMPLEMENT C9) into the target membrane. The resultant C5b-8-poly-C9 is the "membrane attack complex" or MAC.
Studies in which individuals or populations are followed to assess the outcome of exposures, procedures, or effects of a characteristic, e.g., occurrence of disease.
A group of sporadic, familial and/or inherited, degenerative, and infectious disease processes, linked by the common theme of abnormal protein folding and deposition of AMYLOID. As the amyloid deposits enlarge they displace normal tissue structures, causing disruption of function. Various signs and symptoms depend on the location and size of the deposits.
A subclass of DIABETES MELLITUS that is not INSULIN-responsive or dependent (NIDDM). It is characterized initially by INSULIN RESISTANCE and HYPERINSULINEMIA; and eventually by GLUCOSE INTOLERANCE; HYPERGLYCEMIA; and overt diabetes. Type II diabetes mellitus is no longer considered a disease exclusively found in adults. Patients seldom develop KETOSIS but often exhibit OBESITY.
The renal tubule portion that extends from the BOWMAN CAPSULE in the KIDNEY CORTEX into the KIDNEY MEDULLA. The proximal tubule consists of a convoluted proximal segment in the cortex, and a distal straight segment descending into the medulla where it forms the U-shaped LOOP OF HENLE.
Any pathological condition where fibrous connective tissue invades any organ, usually as a consequence of inflammation or other injury.
A glucocorticoid with the general properties of the corticosteroids. It is the drug of choice for all conditions in which routine systemic corticosteroid therapy is indicated, except adrenal deficiency states.
Observation of a population for a sufficient number of persons over a sufficient number of years to generate incidence or mortality rates subsequent to the selection of the study group.
The major immunoglobulin isotype class in normal human serum. There are several isotype subclasses of IgG, for example, IgG1, IgG2A, and IgG2B.
A subspecialty of internal medicine concerned with the anatomy, physiology, and pathology of the kidney.
A condition in pregnant women with elevated systolic (>140 mm Hg) and diastolic (>90 mm Hg) blood pressure on at least two occasions 6 h apart. HYPERTENSION complicates 8-10% of all pregnancies, generally after 20 weeks of gestation. Gestational hypertension can be divided into several broad categories according to the complexity and associated symptoms, such as EDEMA; PROTEINURIA; SEIZURES; abnormalities in BLOOD COAGULATION and liver functions.
Studies used to test etiologic hypotheses in which inferences about an exposure to putative causal factors are derived from data relating to characteristics of persons under study or to events or experiences in their past. The essential feature is that some of the persons under study have the disease or outcome of interest and their characteristics are compared with those of unaffected persons.
A long-acting angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor. It is a prodrug that is transformed in the liver to its active metabolite ramiprilat.
Laboratory rats that have been produced from a genetically manipulated rat EGG or rat EMBRYO, MAMMALIAN. They contain genes from another species.
Serum proteins that have the most rapid migration during ELECTROPHORESIS. This subgroup of globulins is divided into faster and slower alpha(1)- and alpha(2)-globulins.
Levels within a diagnostic group which are established by various measurement criteria applied to the seriousness of a patient's disorder.
A group of inherited conditions characterized initially by HEMATURIA and slowly progressing to RENAL INSUFFICIENCY. The most common form is the Alport syndrome (hereditary nephritis with HEARING LOSS) which is caused by mutations in genes for TYPE IV COLLAGEN and defective GLOMERULAR BASEMENT MEMBRANE.
A strain of albino rat developed at the Wistar Institute that has spread widely at other institutions. This has markedly diluted the original strain.
Procedure whereby plasma is separated and extracted from anticoagulated whole blood and the red cells retransfused to the donor. Plasmapheresis is also employed for therapeutic use.
A cyclic undecapeptide from an extract of soil fungi. It is a powerful immunosupressant with a specific action on T-lymphocytes. It is used for the prophylaxis of graft rejection in organ and tissue transplantation. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed).

Angiotensin-converting enzyme is upregulated in the proximal tubules of rats with intense proteinuria. (1/3373)

Persistent proteinuria is considered a deleterious prognostic factor in most progressive renal diseases. However, the mechanisms by which proteinuria induces renal damage remain undetermined. Since proximal tubular cells possess all the machinery to generate angiotensin II (Ang II), we approached the hypothesis that proteinuria could elicit the renal activation of the renin-angiotensin system in a model of intense proteinuria and interstitial nephritis induced by protein overload. After uninephrectomy (UNX), Wistar-Kyoto rats received daily injections of 1 g BSA or saline for 8 days. The mean peak of proteinuria was observed at the fourth day (538+/-89 versus 3+/-1 mg/24 h in UNX controls; n=12; P<0.05) and was increased during the whole study period (at the eighth day: 438+/-49 mg/24 h; n=12; P=NS). Morphological examination of the kidneys at the end of the study showed marked tubular lesions (atrophy, vacuolization, dilation, and casts), interstitial infiltration of mononuclear cells, and mesangial expansion. In relation to UNX control rats, renal cortex of BSA-overloaded rats showed an increment in the gene expression of angiotensinogen (2.4-fold) and angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) (2.1-fold), as well as a diminution in renin gene expression. No changes were observed in angiotensin type 1 (AT1) receptor mRNA expression in both groups of rats. By in situ reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and immunohistochemistry, ACE expression (gene and protein) was mainly localized in proximal and distal tubules and in the glomeruli. By immunohistochemistry, angiotensinogen was localized only in proximal tubules, and AT1 receptor was localized mainly in proximal and distal tubules. In the tubular brush border, an increase in ACE activity was also seen (5. 5+/-0.5 versus 3.1+/-0.7 U/mg protein x10(-4) in UNX control; n=7; P<0.05). Our results show that in the kidney of rats with intense proteinuria, ACE and angiotensinogen were upregulated, while gene expression of renin was inhibited and AT1 was unmodified. On the whole, these data suggest an increase in Ang II intrarenal generation. Since Ang II can elicit renal cell growth and matrix production through the activation of AT1 receptor, this peptide may be responsible for the tubulointerstitial lesions occurring in this model. These results suggest a novel mechanism by which proteinuria may participate in the progression of renal diseases.  (+info)

Up-regulation of glomerular extracellular matrix and transforming growth factor-beta expression in RF/J mice. (2/3373)

BACKGROUND: RF/J mice were first reported as a murine model of spontaneous glomerulosclerosis by Gude and Lupton in 1960, but the precise histologic characteristics and immunopathological background of this mouse have not been investigated further. METHODS: Measurements of serum levels of immunoglobulins, anti-single strand DNA (anti-ss-DNA) antibody, complement (C3), and circulating immune complex (IC) were performed. Analyses of glomerular histological and immunopathological lesions in association with the detection of mRNA expression of collagen IV, TGF-beta, matrix protein turnover related enzymes, matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2), tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-2 (TIMP-2) and platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) were also performed in young (10-week-old) and elderly (60-week-old) RF/J mice with age-matched BALB/C mice as the controls. RESULTS: High levels of serum IgA and IgG from as early as 20 weeks of age were noted in the RF/J mice. Serum anti-ss-DNA antibody of aged RF/J mice increased up to 23% of that of aged MRL-lpr/lpr mice, and serum C3 concentration significantly decreased with age, reaching lower levels than that of BALB/c mice. IgA-IC levels were significantly high compared to BALB/C mice both in the early and late stages of life, whereas IgG-IC levels were high only in mice younger than 20 weeks. Semiquantitative and quantitative analyzes of renal histopathological findings revealed significantly marked and age-related mesangial matrix expansion in RF/J mice, with increasing frequency of global glomerular sclerosis and tubulointerstitial damage. On the other hand, although precise measurements of glomerular cell numbers also showed an apparent augmentation in both young and old RF/J mice compared to BALB/C mice, glomerular cellularity decreased with age in RF/J mice. Immunohistochemical study revealed massive immunoglobulin deposition from a young age in association with significantly higher accumulation of matrix proteins, such as types I and IV collagen and laminin from the early stage of life. In addition, in these glomeruli, transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-beta1) was highly expressed both in young and old mice. The mRNA expression of MMP-2 was up-regulated only in the early stage of life. Although PDGF mRNA of RF/J mice was significantly up-regulated in the early stage of life, the differences between the mice disappeared in the late stage of life. CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that in RF/J mice, an immunopathological background inducing high serum immunoglobulin and IC levels from the early stage of life is closely related to mesangioproliferative glomerular lesions mediated by PDGF, and that development of massive extracellular matrix accumulation in glomeruli was induced by up-regulated expression of TGF-beta with inappropriate regulation of protein turnover-related enzyme production.  (+info)

Blocking angiotensin II ameliorates proteinuria and glomerular lesions in progressive mesangioproliferative glomerulonephritis. (3/3373)

BACKGROUND: The renin-angiotensin system is thought to be involved in the progression of glomerulonephritis (GN) into end-stage renal failure (ESRF) because of the observed renoprotective effects of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs). However, ACEIs have pharmacological effects other than ACE inhibition that may help lower blood pressure and preserve glomerular structure. We previously reported a new animal model of progressive glomerulosclerosis induced by a single intravenous injection of an anti-Thy-1 monoclonal antibody, MoAb 1-22-3, in uninephrectomized rats. Using this new model of progressive GN, we examined the hypothesis that ACEIs prevent the progression to ESRF by modulating the effects of angiotensin II (Ang II) on the production of transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) and extracellular matrix components. METHODS: We studied the effect of an ACEI (cilazapril) and an Ang II type 1 receptor antagonist (candesartan) on the clinical features and morphological lesions in the rat model previously reported. After 10 weeks of treatment with equihypotensive doses of cilazapril, cilazapril plus Hoe 140 (a bradykinin receptor B2 antagonist), candesartan, and hydralazine, we examined systolic blood pressure, urinary protein excretion, creatinine clearance, the glomerulosclerosis index, and the tubulointerstitial lesion index. We performed a semiquantitative evaluation of glomerular immunostaining for TGF-beta and collagen types I and III by immunofluorescence study and of these cortical mRNA levels by Northern blot analysis. RESULTS: Untreated rats developed massive proteinuria, renal dysfunction, and severe glomerular and tubulointerstitial injury, whereas uninephrectomized control rats did not. There was a significant increase in the levels of glomerular protein and cortical mRNA for TGF-beta and collagen types I and III in untreated rats. Cilazapril and candesartan prevented massive proteinuria, increased creatinine clearance, and ameliorated glomerular and tubulointerstitial injury. These drugs also reduced levels of glomerular protein and cortical mRNA for TGF-beta and collagen types I and III. Hoe 140 failed to blunt the renoprotective effect of cilazapril. Hydralazine did not exhibit a renoprotective effect. CONCLUSION: These results indicate that ACEIs prevent the progression to ESRF by modulating the effects of Ang II via Ang II type 1 receptor on the production of TGF-beta and collagen types I and III, as well as on intrarenal hemodynamics, but not by either increasing bradykinin activity or reducing blood pressure in this rat model of mesangial proliferative GN.  (+info)

Proteinuria induces tubular cell turnover: A potential mechanism for tubular atrophy. (4/3373)

BACKGROUND: Proteinuria and tubular atrophy have both been closely linked with progressive renal failure. We hypothesized that apoptosis may be induced by tubular cell exposure to heavy proteinuria, potentially leading to tubular atrophy. Apoptosis was studied in a rat model of "pure" proteinuria, which does not induce renal impairment, namely protein-overload proteinuria. METHODS: Adult female Lewis rats underwent intraperitoneal injection of 2 g of bovine serum albumin (BSA, N = 16) or sham saline injections (controls, N = 8) daily for seven days. Apoptosis was assessed at day 7 in tissue sections using in situ end labeling (ISEL) and electron microscopy. ISEL-positive nuclei (apoptotic particles) were counted in blinded fashion using image analysis with NIH Image. Cell proliferation was assessed by detection of mRNA for histone by in situ hybridization, followed by counting of positive cells using NIH Image. RESULTS: Animals injected with saline showed very low levels of apoptosis on image analysis. BSA-injected rats had heavy proteinuria and showed both cortical and medullary apoptosis on ISEL. This was predominantly seen in the tubules and, to a lesser extent, in the interstitial compartment. Overall, the animals injected with BSA showed a significant 30-fold increase in the number of cortical apoptotic particles. Electron microscopy of tubular cells in a BSA-injected animal showed a progression of ultrastructural changes consistent with tubular cell apoptosis. The BSA-injected animals also displayed a significant increase in proximal tubular cell proliferation. This increased proliferation was less marked than the degree of apoptosis. CONCLUSION: Protein-overload proteinuria in rats induces tubular cell apoptosis. This effect is only partially balanced by proliferation and potentially provides a direct mechanism whereby heavy proteinuria can induce tubular atrophy and progressive renal failure.  (+info)

Mycophenolate mofetil prevents the progressive renal failure induced by 5/6 renal ablation in rats. (5/3373)

BACKGROUND: Extensive renal ablation is associated with progressive sclerosis of the remnant kidney. Because lymphocytes and monocytes accumulate in the remnant kidney, it is likely that they play a role in the renal scarring. Therefore, we treated rats with 5/6 nephrectomy (5/6Nx) with mycophenolate mofetil (MMF), a drug that has an antiproliferative effect and that suppresses the expression of intercellular adhesion molecules. METHODS: Sprague-Dawley rats with 5/6Nx received MMF (30 mg. kg-1. day-1 by daily gastric gavage, N = 15) or vehicle (N = 16). Ten additional rats were sham operated. All rats were fed a 30% protein diet. Body weight, serum creatinine, and urinary protein excretion were determined weekly. Lipid peroxidation, as a measure of oxidative stress observed by urinary malondialdehyde determinations, was performed every two weeks. Histologic studies were done in the remnant kidney four weeks (9 rats from the vehicle-treated group, 7 rats from the MMF group, and 5 sham-operated rats) and eight weeks after surgery (the remaining rats). Glomerular volume, sclerosis in glomeruli (segmental and global) and interstitium (semiquantitative scale), infiltrating lymphocytes and macrophages (CD43- and ED1-positive cells), and expression of adhesion molecules (CD54, CD18, and CD11b) were analyzed. RESULTS: MMF treatment prevented the progressive increment in serum creatinine and the proteinuria observed in the 5/6 nephrectomized rats during the eight weeks of observation (P < 0.01). Weight gain was comparable in the MMF-treated and sham-operated rats, whereas weight gain was decreased in untreated 5/6 nephrectomized rats. Excretion of malondialdehyde increased after surgery but returned sooner to control levels in the MMF-treated rats. Increments in glomerular size and mean arterial blood pressure induced by renal ablation were not modified by MMF treatment. Eight weeks after surgery, segmental sclerosis was present in 48.4 +/- 8.35% (+/- sd) glomeruli in the vehicle-treated group versus 25 +/- 10.5% in the MMF-treated group (P < 0.001). Interstitial fibrosis was reduced significantly with MMF treatment (P < 0.001). Infiltration with CD43- and ED1-positive cells in glomeruli and interstitium was two to five times lower in MMF-treated rats (P < 0.01). Expression of adhesion molecules CD18 and CD11b was similarly reduced. CONCLUSION: MMF ameliorates the progressive renal damage in the remnant kidney after 5/6Nx. This effect is associated with a reduction in the infiltration of lymphocytes and monocytes, whereas glomerular hypertrophy and systemic hypertension are unchanged.  (+info)

HIV-associated nephropathy is a late, not early, manifestation of HIV-1 infection. (6/3373)

BACKGROUND: Human immunodeficiency virus-associated nephropathy (HIVAN) can be the initial presentation of HIV-1 infection. As a result, many have assumed that HIVAN can occur at any point in the infection. This issue has important implications for appropriate therapy and, perhaps, for pathogenesis. Since the development of new case definitions for acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) and better tools to assess infection, the relationship of HIVAN to the time of AIDS infection has not been addressed. In this study, we reassessed the stage of infection at the time of HIVAN diagnosis in 10 patients, and we reviewed all previously published cases applying the new case definitions to assess stage of infection. METHODS: HIVAN was confirmed by kidney biopsy in HIV seropositive patients with azotemia and/or proteinuria. CD4+ cell count and plasma HIV-1 RNA copy number were measured. We also reviewed all published cases of HIVAN to determine if AIDS-defining conditions, by current Centers for Disease Control definitions, were present in patients with biopsy-proven HIVAN. RESULTS: Twenty HIV-1 seropositive patients with proteinuria and an elevated creatinine concentration were biopsied. HIVAN was the single most common cause of renal disease. CD4+ cell count was below 200/mm3 in all patients with HIVAN, fulfilling Centers for Disease Control criteria for an AIDS-defining condition. HIV-1 plasma RNA was detectable in all patients with HIVAN. In reviewing previous reports, an AIDS-defining condition was present in virtually all patients with HIVAN. CONCLUSION: HIVAN develops late, not early, in the course of HIV-1 infection following the development of AIDS. This likely accounts for the poor prognosis noted in previous publications and has implications for pathogenesis. In addition, given the detectable viral RNA levels, highly active antiretroviral therapy is indicated in HIVAN. Highly active antiretroviral therapy may improve survival as well as alter the natural history of HIVAN.  (+info)

Long-term effects of cyclosporine A in Alport's syndrome. (7/3373)

BACKGROUND: In 1991, our initial results of cyclosporine A (CsA) administration in eight patients with Alport's syndrome were published. A significant decrease in or disappearance of proteinuria and apparently good tolerance to CsA were observed in all patients. METHODS: CsA administration has been maintained in these eight patients with the aim of obtaining further information about the clinical course of the disease. The ages of these eight patients currently range from 15 to 27 years, and the mean duration of treatment is from 7 to 10 years (x = 8.4 years). RESULTS: Renal function has remained stable, with no evaluable changes in serum creatinine levels compared with pre-CsA treatment values. Proteinuria in all patients has either remained negative or are values far lower than pretreatment levels. A second renal biopsy was performed in all patients after five years of CsA administration. No aggravation of the lesion present at the first biopsy or lesions typical of cyclosporine intoxication was observed. CONCLUSIONS: After a mean duration of 8.4 years and with no deterioration in renal function, we found possible beneficial effects of the continued treatment of CsA in patients with Alport's syndrome who present evidence of progression to renal insufficiency.  (+info)

Circulating vascular endothelial growth factor is not increased during relapses of steroid-sensitive nephrotic syndrome. (8/3373)

BACKGROUND: An uncharacterized circulating factor that increases vascular permeability has previously been described in childhood steroid-sensitive nephrotic syndrome (SSNS). The aim of this study was to determine whether this factor is vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), the recently described endothelial cell mitogen and enhancer of vascular permeability. METHODS: Plasma and urine VEGF levels were measured in children with SSNS in both relapse and remission and in normal age- and sex-matched controls. Semiquantitative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction studies investigating VEGF mRNA expression were performed on peripheral blood mononuclear cells isolated from children with SSNS in relapse and controls. In two experimental models (one-hour and three-day follow-up postinfusion), Sprague-Dawley rats were intravenously administered 50 microg rVEGF to determine whether this induced either proteinuria or glomerular histologic change. RESULTS: Plasma VEGF levels and urine VEGF/creatinine ratios were not elevated in SSNS relapse compared with remission and control samples. Peripheral blood mononuclear cell VEGF mRNA expression was no different in SSNS patients compared with controls. The administration of VEGF to rats induced an acute reversible fall in systemic blood pressure but did not result in the development of either proteinuria or glomerular histologic change. CONCLUSION: Increased circulating VEGF levels are not responsible for the proteinuria observed during relapses of SSNS. Further studies are warranted to investigate intrarenal VEGF expression.  (+info)

TY - JOUR. T1 - Omega-3 fatty acids improve postprandial lipaemia in patients with nephrotic range proteinuria. AU - Bell, Samira. AU - Cooney, Josephine. AU - Packard, Christopher J.. AU - Caslake, Muriel. AU - Deighan, Christopher J.. PY - 2009/7/1. Y1 - 2009/7/1. N2 - Background: Patients with nephrotic range proteinuria have a marked increase in the risk of cardiovascular disease. Qualitative and quantitative changes in lipids and lipoproteins contribute to this increased risk with an abundance of atherogenic triglyceride (TG) rich apolipoprotein B containing lipoproteins. TG rich lipoproteins predominate postprandially and are associated with increased risk of coronary heart disease (CHD). Omega-3 fatty acids derived from fish oils have been shown to have beneficial effects on lipids and lipoproteins in patients without proteinuria. Methods: 17 patients with nephrotic range proteinuria and 17 age and sex matched controls were studied. Postprandial lipaemia was assessed in patients and ...
It has been considered unlikely that patients with insulin-dependent diabetes and diabetic nephropathy with nephrotic range proteinuria can substantially reduce proteinuria and continue for many years without further loss of renal function. We present a patient who had the diagnosis of insulin-dependent diabetes made at age 15, had his first of 6 laser treatments for proliferative and hemorrhagic retinopathy at age 27 and was found to have nephrotic range proteinuria and edema with hypertension at age 29, when results of a renal biopsy were typical of diabetic nephropathy. Ten years later, with the last 5.5 years on ACE inhibitors, proteinuria has been | 0.65 g/24 h for 2 years and recently 0.22 g, serum creatinine is unchanged at 90 to 102 μmol/l, DTPA GFR is 104 ml/min and retinopathy has remained stable without laser therapy for 7 years. Blood pressure on clinic visits has averaged 126/74 for the last 8 years. This duration of stable renal function and the major decrease in proteinuria after being
Ability and willingness to provide informed consent (adults greater than or equal to 18 years) or assent (children greater than or equal to 13 years) to all aspects of the study after full information is provided.. Nephrotic range proteinuria that persists for at least 3 months.. Nephrotic range proteinuria that persists despite angiotensin antagonist therapy (ACE inhibitor or ARB) for at least on month, unless intolerant. If patients have not started ACE inhibitor therapy before they are referred to NIH, we plan to start lisinopril 5 mg daily. We will advance the dose of ACE inhibitor as tolerated. Nephrotic range proteinuria, defined as 24 hour urine protein excretion greater than or equal to 3.5 g/d, must be documented in at least two 24 hour urine collections obtained during the month prior to initiating sirolimus. Incomplete urine collections (based on inadequate creatinine excretion) will be excluded.. Renal biopsy must reveal typical changes of membranous nephropathy by light and electron ...
Clinical Journal of the American Society of Nephrology. 2015. 10(4):571-577.. In children with nonglomerular chronic kidney disease (CKD), baseline proteinuria and systolic blood pressure levels are independently associated with progression of CKD. That was the conclusion of a study conducted recently by Sahar A. Fathallah-Shaykh, MD, and colleagues.. Most cases of CKD in children are causes by congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract or genetic disorders. The researchers in this study aimed to evaluate the relationships between baseline proteinuria and blood pressure and longitudinal changes in glomerular filtration rate (GFR) in children with nonglomerular causes of CKD.. The prospective CKD in Children study assessed the urine protein-to-creatinine ratio, casual systolic and diastolic blood pressure (normalized for age, sex, and height), and GFR decline in 522 children with nonglomerular CKD. Median age was 10 years and median follow-up was 4.4 years. Mean baseline eGFR of 52 ...
The presence of proteinuria (,300 mg/d) represents an important factor in the diagnosis and evaluation of the pregnant patient with an hypertensive disorder. The 24 hour collection of urine for proteinuria is the gold standard for the diagnosis of the condition and allows the physician to determine if an hypertensive disorder is related directly or not to the gestation.. The problem is the time it takes and the technical difficulties related to the sample collection. An alternative is the quantification of protein and creatinine in a random sample of urine. We seek to evaluate if this method is as affective as the gold standard in the diagnosis of proteinuria (,300 mg/d). ...
In the RENAAL study, the prespecified analysis accounted for the impact of baseline proteinuria as a covariate by including the proteinuria strata used at randomization. Subsequent analyses of the unblinded RENAAL study database revealed that baseline proteinuria levels were unbalanced in the upper stratum. Adjustment for baseline proteinuria as a continuous covariate provided a more accurate estimate of the treatment effect observed with losartan. The original stratum-adjusted analysis (9) failed to account for the imbalance in proteinuria values between the treatment groups within the high proteinuria stratum. Therefore, the manner by which a covariate highly correlated to outcome is adjusted can have a meaningful impact on the observed treatment difference.. The aim of a randomized clinical trial is not to determine the relationship between a covariate and the outcome variable; however, the relationship between a covariate and the outcome may affect the statistical analysis and thereby the ...
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Background: A 59 year old male from the North was referred with Nephrotic Syndrome and heavy proteinuria (8gm) and weakness. Urine examination showed 2-3 pus cells, 4+ protein. Two cores of renal tissue were submitted in buffered formalin and Michels transport medium. Objective: The case is presented for its rarity. The discussion will include immunological review and glomerular patterns of injury associated with Microfilaria. Result: The immunofluorescence pattern was negative for IgG, IgM, IgA, C3, C4, C1q, kappa and lambda. The light microscopy revealed 3 glomeruli showing mild increase in mesangial cellularity. Tubules show cloudy change. Interstitium shows focal lymphoid infiltrate. An unusual finding is the presence of segmented microfilaria in glomerular capillaries. Conclusion: Diagnosis of filariasis on kidney biopsy by identifying microfilaria is rare. High index of suspicion is required to diagnose filariasis due to its wide range of clinical presentation and laboratory findings. In ...
Chronic kidney disease is diagnosed when there is evidence of kidney damage for at least 3 months or in any patient who has a GFR less than 60 mL/min for that same amount of time.[5][6]. To calculate GFR, three equations are commonly used (the MDRD, CKD-EPI and Cockcroft-Gault formula). However, the best estimate of GFR is the CKD-EPI equation, which adjusts for age, race, and gender. It is important to note, however, that the formula tends to underestimate the true GFR at a GFR greater than 60mL/min.. To quantitate albuminuria, a spot urine protein/creatinine ratio can be done. A value greater than 30 mg of albumin per gram of creatinine is considered abnormal while values greater than 300mg/g is considered severely impaired renal function. Additionally, a 24-hour urine protein can also be performed. A value greater than 3.5 g is concerning for nephrotic range proteinuria.. Further evaluation of kidney disease can include a renal ultrasound, CBC, BMP, urinalysis, and/or kidney biopsy. An ...
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Background/Purpose: Lupus nephritis remains one of the most devastating SLE complications, occurring in over 50% of the patients. It is important to identify clinical conditions that precede nephritis for the purposes of patient care and to identify preventive strategies. Most previous studies of predictors of incident nephritis in SLE are cross-sectional or do not incorporate time-varying predictors. We leveraged a large clinical cohort which evaluated patients quarterly to identify fixed and time-varying predictors of lupus nephritis. Methods: Since 2006, the urine protein/creatinine ratio was measured quarterly in patients in our SLE cohort. This analysis was based on cohort follow-up after 2006 in patients who did not have a history of diabetes and who did not have a prior episode of sustained elevated proteinuria, nor a history of nephritis, renal insufficiency, or failure. Among these patients, we defined an incident case of proteinuria as two or more measures of urine protein/creatinine ...
Conventionally, proteinuria is diagnosed by a simple dipstick test, although it is possible for the test to give a false negative reading,[14] even with nephrotic range proteinuria if the urine is dilute.[citation needed] False negatives may also occur if the protein in the urine is composed mainly of globulins or Bence Jones proteins because the reagent on the test strips, bromophenol blue, is highly specific for albumin.[6][15] Traditionally, dipstick protein tests would be quantified by measuring the total quantity of protein in a 24-hour urine collection test, and abnormal globulins by specific requests for protein electrophoresis.[1][16] Trace results may be produced in response to excretion of Tamm-Horsfall mucoprotein. More recently developed technology detects human serum albumin (HSA) through the use of liquid crystals (LCs). The presence of HSA molecules disrupts the LCs supported on the AHSA-decorated slides thereby producing bright optical signals which are easily distinguishable. ...
Introduction: Proteinuria is a risk factor for cardiovascular (CV) disease in the general population and occurs commonly after kidney transplantation. The association between proteinuria and CV disease in this population has not been sufficiently evaluated, and it is not clear whether proteinuria reduction affects CVD disease risk. In this study we sought to evaluate the association between time varying proteinuria and the change in proteinuria over time and major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) after kidney transplantation.. Patients and methods: we collected the routine dipstick urine protein evaluation results performed every three to six months in all patients at our post transplantation follow-up clinic. The follow-up time was divided into 6 months intervals and proteinuria was evaluated by using all available protein measurements during each interval. Urine protein concentration was defined as negative or positive according to the mean value during the six month interval. The primary ...
Title: NF-κB and Proteinuric Renal Disease. VOLUME: 2 ISSUE: 1. Author(s):Karina Drumm and Michael Gekle. Affiliation:Institute of Physiology University of Wuerzburg Roentgenring 9 D-97070 Wuerzburg, Germany. Keywords:renal proximal tubule, kidney, inflammation, albumin, proteinuria. Abstract: Chronic renal diseases with enhanced glomerular protein filtration are accompanied by tubulointerstitial inflammation and progression to renal function deterioration. Filtered protein, like albumin, is a pathogenic factor per se in the progression of renal diseases. The nuclear factor κB (NF-κB), a ubiquitous transcription factor, mediates the expression of numerous inflammatory or fibrotic mediators such as RANTES, MCP-1, TNF-α, cytokine receptors, or iNOS in renal as well as in other tissues. It is evident that NF-κB is involved in protein-overload stimulated renal inflammatory mechanisms. This paper reviews the recent studies concerning NF-κB-activation and expression inducing renal ...
Measurements of protein-to-creatinine ratios in single-voided urine samples were compared with 24-hour urinary protein excretions for quantitation of proteinuria in inpatients and outpatients. Patients included those representing a broad spectrum of renal diseases, a wide range of proteinuria, and v …
Table 1: Effects of Moderate-to-Severe Impairment of the Estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate and of Proteinuria on the Central Hemodynamics and Arterial Stiffness in Middle-Aged Healthy Japanese Men
TY - JOUR. T1 - Profiling proteinuria in pediatric patients. AU - Abitbol, Carolyn L.. AU - Chandar, Jayanthi. AU - Onder, Ali Mirza. AU - Nwobi, Obioma. AU - Montané, Brenda. AU - Zilleruelo, Gastón. PY - 2006/7/1. Y1 - 2006/7/1. N2 - This study was designed to characterize proteinuria in children with kidney disease. Random urine samples from 250 pediatric patients were examined by quantitative measures of total protein (pr), albumin (Alb), and creatinine (cr). Patient diagnoses were subjectively categorized as Glomerular (GD) or Tubulo-interstitial disease (TD) in origin. Proteinuria was quantitated by the random urine protein-to-creatinine (Upr/cr) ratio, and glomerular proteinuria was assessed as the albumin-to-creatinine ratio (Ualb/cr) and percentage albuminuria (%Alb=Alb/pr* 100). The non-albumin fraction (1-Alb/ pr) includes low-molecular-weight proteins and micro- and macroglobulins. Of the 250 patients, 112 (45%) had GD and 138 (55%) had TD. Both proteinuria and albuminuria ...
15 yo WM presents after referral to you for proteinuria. U/A shows 1+ proteinuria (no other abnormalities), no edema, normal cholesterol, and no significant PMH/FH. Urine protein/creatinine ratio is 0.148 and quantitative protein is 25 (normal 2-10). What is the most likely dx ...
Chronic kidney disease is often not associated with significant symptoms or abnormalities in common laboratory test results. Diagnosis is supposedly facilitated by calculating the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) from serum creatinine. A reference range GFR, however, does not exclude renal disease, because renal disease causes the subsequent decrease of renal function. Thorough analysis of proteinuria, however, requires a profound knowledge of the renal handling of the different marker proteins of glomerular and tubular origin. This paper summarizes the scientific basis, explains the diagnostic rationale and proves the concept by analyzing 5669 samples, where GFR and proteinuria work-up were available. 63% (1446 of 2287) of the samples with a GFR above 60 showed either glomerular (37.8%, n=865) or tubular proteinuria (25.4%, n= 581). The quantity of proteinuria increased severely with decreasing kidney function. The rate of glomerular proteinuria remained nearly constant in the different GFR ...
It has been suggested that the severity of proteinuria may be a factor in the progression of renal disease (20). For instance, proteinuria is correlated with interstitial inflammation and fibrosis (1,2,6), with renal disease progression (4), and with hypertension (3). A potential mechanism by which extensive proteinuria may lead to interstitial inflammation and fibrosis was recently demonstrated in the protein overload model in rats (6). In these animals, urine was found to contain a factor that was highly chemotactic for monocytes; this factor was present after 3 d of albumin loading and preceded the interstitial accumulation of inflammatory cells. This factor was characterized as a nonpolar lipid that is synthesized and released into the urine by PTC when challenged with lipid-replete albumin (6). More recently, proximal tubules metabolizing albumin were found to release closely related neutral lipid factors that stimulate transepithelial fluid secretion and cellular proliferation; ...
The effect of SAA on urinary protein excretion at each time point.Rats were treated intravenously with SAA at doses of 2.5, 5, and 10 mg/kg or oral administra
Rehabilitation effects of exercise training on adults with chronic kidney disease (CKD) have been generally recognised; however, the effects of exercise training on proteinuria have been underexplored. Our aim was to explore the effects of exercise training on proteinuria in adult CKD patients without renal replacement therapy. Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) and quasi-experimental studies examining the effects of exercise training on proteinuria in adults CKD patients without renal replacement therapy were searched in 10 electronic databases (MEDLINE, Embase, CINAHL, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Allied and Complementary Medicine Database, SPORTDiscus with full text, Web of Science, China Wan Fang Database, China National Knowledge Internet, China Science and Technology Journal Database) until June 2019. The quality of quasi-experimental studies was assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute Checklist for non-randomised experimental studies. The Cochrane risk of bias tool was used
Proteinuria levels at 12 months are the best predictor of long-term renal outcome in patients with lupus nephritis, according to a study.
The above information should be taken into account when considering conversion from calcineurin inhibitors to Rapamune in stable renal transplant patients due to the lack of evidence showing that renal function improves following conversion, and the finding of a greater increment in urinary protein excretion, and an increased incidence of treatment-emergent nephrotic range proteinuria following conversion to Rapamune. This was particularly true among patients with existing abnormal urinary protein excretion prior to conversion.. In an open-label, randomized, comparative, multicenter study where kidney transplant patients were either converted from tacrolimus to sirolimus 3 to 5 months post-transplant (sirolimus group) or remained on tacrolimus, there was no significant difference in renal function at 2 years post-transplant. Overall, 44/131 (33.6%) discontinued treatment in the sirolimus group versus 12/123 (9.8%) in the tacrolimus group. More patients reported adverse events 130/131 (99.2%) ...
Persistent and increased leakage of protein in the urine (proteinuria) is abnormal. Circulating serum proteins are filtered by the glomerulus, and the small amount of protein that is present in the filtrate is passed through the glomerular capillary wall and reabsorbed by the proximal tubule. Although defects in tubular reabsorption of protein can also result in renal proteinuria (Fanconis syndrome), changes in glomerular permeability are what results in the most significant and highest urine protein concentrations. Thus, proteinuria is considered a key marker for renal dysfunction and characterizes the severity of the underlying kidney disease. Proteinuria is also an independent predictor for cardiovascular morbidity and mortality.In the past twenty years, major progress in our understanding of the molecular mechanisms leading to the development of proteinuria was made. Spearheaded by the discovery that proteins located at the slit diaphragm of the glomerulus play a crucial role in the proper function
Direct-acting Antivirals in Kidney Transplant Patients: Successful Hepatitis C Treatment and Short Term Reduction in Urinary Protein/Creatinine Ratios
If you are told to have massive protein in urine (3.5g/24h), you are probably suffering Nephrotic Syndrome, as heavy proteinuria is the characteristic clinical manifestation of Nephrotic Syndrome. What is heavy proteinuria? Proteinuria refe
Source: LINK, Appendix S4. The table extends to Day 33 in hospital, and includes Day 42 when he returned for testing as an outpatient.. The unusually high result for the urinary protein/creatinine ratio has been diagnosed by the expert as signifying kidney failure - clinical diabetes but not an extreme presentation. Diabetes has been reported for Navalny in the past; his staff deny it.. The abnormally high troponin-T results reported on Days 4 and 5 at Charité are puzzling to the independent expert because they signify a heart problem or mild heart attack, possibly related to the reported kidney failure. Eckardt and Steindl say in their case report that Navalnys heart was beating abnormally slowly (bradycardia - 44 beats per minute) when tested in Omsk hospital, then 59 beats per minute during the flight to Berlin. After he arrived at Charité the bradycardia worsened to 33 bpm.. The independent expert accepts that the unusually low test score for butyryl cholinesterase - 0.42 on arrival in ...
At the level of nephrotic range proteinuria, albumin accounts for 60-70% of total urinary protein. Within the CPC, ACR , 300mg/mmol OR PCR , 300g/mol has been used for simplicity and ease of application.. Before waiting 3 months to refer, it is important to establish that there is no evidence of acute kidney injury. In the absence of other referral indicators, referral is not necessary if:. ...
106 patients (mean age 37 y, 74% men) with biopsy-proved IgA nephropathy, a serum creatinine level ≤ 265 µmol/L, and a urinary protein excretion rate ≥ 1 g/d or a 25% increase in serum creatinine level over the preceding 6 months. Exclusion criteria were systemic lupus erythematosus, chronic liver disease, antiglomerular basement membrane glomerulonephritis, pregnancy, and lactation. 75 patients (71%) continued to receive treatment throughout the study ...
BACKGROUND: Proteinuria has emerged as an important vascular risk factor for adverse cardiovascular events including stroke. Hypertension has been proposed as the principal confounder of this relationship but its role has not been systematically examined. AIM: We aimed to determine if proteinuria remains an independent predictor of stroke after more complete adjustment for blood pressure. SUMMARY OF REVIEW: We performed a systematic review, searching MEDLINE and EMBASE (to February 2018) for cohort studies or randomized controlled trials that reported stroke incidence in adults according to baseline proteinuria ± glomerular filtration rate. Study and participant characteristics and relative risks were extracted. Estimates were combined using a random effects model. Heterogeneity was assessed by χ 2 statistics and I2, and by subgroup strata and meta-regression, with a particular focus on the impact of more complete adjustment for blood pressure on the association. The quality of cohort studies and post
We got the preliminary results back on Sams kidney biopsy from the nurse practitioner. We still havent heard back from our nephrologist (!!!), so we have a lot of unanswered questions. It was not what we were expecting at all. The most common cause of nephrotic range proteinuria in kids is minimal change disease, something that responds pretty well to a course of steroids. That wouldve been good news. The bad news we predicted was that the biopsy would show scarring from cystinosis, something irreversible and an indicator of progressive kidney dysfunction, likely requiring transplant earlier in life. What we found was a whole new version of bad news. ...
Background: Markers of kidney dysfunction such as proteinuria or albuminuria have been reported to be associated with coronary heart disease, but the consistency and strength of any such relationship has not been clearly defined. This lack of clarity has led to great uncertainty as to how proteinuria should be treated in the assessment and management of cardiovascular risk. We therefore undertook a systematic review of published cohort studies aiming to provide a reliable estimate of the strength of association between proteinuria and coronary heart disease. Methods and Findings: A meta-analysis of cohort studies was conducted to obtain a summary estimate of the association between measures of proteinuria and coronary risk. MEDLINE and EMBASE were searched for studies reporting an age- or multivariate-adjusted estimate and standard error of the association between proteinuria and coronary heart disease. Studies were excluded if the majority of the study population had known glomerular disease or ...
How is urinary protein excretion abbreviated? U-P stands for urinary protein excretion. U-P is defined as urinary protein excretion somewhat frequently.
Proteinuria may be isolated, or may have kidney damage (primary or secondary). The criteria which will make it possible to classify a proteinuria are its...
High - resolution two - dimension electrophoresis technique for protein with silver staining was used to characterise urinary high density lipoprotein (HDL) - apolipoproteins. Sequential ultracentrufugation method was used to isolate urinary lipoprotein particles of the same density as serum HDL. Immunostaining of electroblotted proteins further confirmed the presence of HDL-Apos in urine. HDL - Apolipoprotein A-I, A-II and C were identified in urine of normal subjects, diabetic patients and patients with biopsy proven glomerular proteinuria. An in-house ELISA method was used to quantify urinary HDL - Apo A - I. Selectivity indices were also determined.
Results:. The eGFR was over than or equal to 60 mL/min/m2 of body surface in 75 % of the patients and was independent of the natural history of lupus. 53,3 % of the patients showed proteinuria value over 0,15 g in 24 hours. The 24-hour proteinuria value exponentially increased as the eGFR decreased. The longer the natural history of the disease, the higher the values of proteinuria. The behavior of the proteinuria value in 24 hours was similar to that observed with the albuminuria value in 24 hours. ...
Bevacizumab Increases Risk for Severe Proteinuria in Cancer Patients, a recent paper in JASN 2010 talks about a systemic and meta analysis of this drug in prior trials. An interest to me is this field of onco-nephrology where chemotherapy agents are causing damage and we can really learn a lot from them about podocyte biology. As we all know now that anti VEGF agents like the above mention cause proteinuria via similar mechanism as seen in pre eclampsia. Its podocytopenia. This paper analyzed 16 studies of over 12,000 patients and different tumors. When avastin was added to other chemo agents, the degree of proteinuria was significantly higher. The cancer with the highest proteinuria risk was renal cell cancer. this might be because usually these individuals getting this drug already have a nephrectomy decreasing their nephron mass. ...
Despite multiple causes, Chronic Kidney Disease is commonly associated with proteinuria. A previous study on Non Obese Diabetic mice (NOD), which spontaneously develop type 1 diabetes, described histological and gene expression changes incurred by diabetes in the kidney. Because proteinuria is coincident to diabetes, the effects of proteinuria are difficult to distinguish from those of other factors such as hyperglycemia. Proteinuria can nevertheless be induced in mice by peritoneal injection of Bovine Serum Albumin (BSA). To gain more information on the specific effects of proteinuria, this study addresses renal changes in diabetes resistant NOD-related mouse strains (NON and NOD.B10) that were made to develop proteinuria by BSA overload. Proteinuria was induced by protein overload on NON and NOD.B10 mouse strains and histology and microarray technology were used to follow the kidney response. The effects of proteinuria were assessed and subsequently compared to changes that were observed in a prior
Proteinuria may be an early indicator of renal disease and increases the risk of renal impairment, hypertension, and cardiovascular disease. Exclude causes of transient proteinuria (box), which does not have these associations. If proteinuria of 1+ or more persists on two subsequent dipstick tests at weekly intervals further investigation is indicated.. History-Ask about symptoms of renal failure and connective tissue diseases (including arthralgia, mouth ulcers, and rashes). Pertinent past medical history … ...
When the patients acute kidney injury (AKI) was discovered, he was evaluated to find the etiology of AKI. He had low serum phosphorus (3.2 mg/dL), low uric acid (3.4 mg/dL), low potassium (2.8 mg/dL) and low total carbon dioxide (16 mmol/L) levels. Although his serum glucose level was less than 200 mg/dL, he had glycosuria (glucose 4+ on a urine dipstick). His urine pH was 5.5, and he had non-albuminuric proteinuria (urine protein/creatinine ratio 1.94, urine microalbumin/creatinine ratio 0.18). Serum protein electrophoresis showed polyclonal gammopathy. Parathyroid hormone and 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels were within normal range. Neither dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry nor the whole body bone scan were performed. Because of the sudden azotemia with hypophosphatemia, hypokalemia, metabolic acidosis, glycosuria and non-albuminuric proteinuria, we suspected proximal renal tubular damage. Kidney Doppler ultrasonography was performed to exclude other causes of AKI. Both kidneys had normal ...
Snehalatha, C. ; Krishnapriya, P. K. ; Ramachandran, A. ; Mohan, V. ; Viswanathan, M. (1987) Estimation of 24 hours proteinuria comparison of two method Journal of the Diabetic Association of India, 27 . pp. 73-75. ISSN 0304-4513 Full text not available from this repository.. Official URL: http://www.diabetesindia.com/ ...
Stable, severe renal impairment with GFR 15-30mls (Stage 4 - explain stages - explain how to estimate GFR) - unless it is clear that the prognosis from other disease is short. A GFR of 30 corresponds to creatinine approx 240 micromol/l in a 30y man, but 160 in a 70y woman.. Moderately severe renal impairment with complications: (stage 3, GFR 30-60) with severe acidosis, disturbances of calcium, phosphate, or high parathyroid hormone. See guideline on management of CKD - stage 3Moderately severe renal impairment with haematuria - GFR 30-60mls/min, (Stage 3 - explain stages - explain how to estimate GFR) - increased likelihood of inflammatory disease. Haematuria 2+ or more.. Proteinuria with haematuria - high probability of underlying renal disease. See guideline on proteinuria.. Isolated proteinuria - if protein/creatinine ratio ,200mg/mmol, approx equivalent to 2g/day, without nephrotic syndrome. See guideline on proteinuria.. ...
The cats included in the cross-sectional epidemiological study were also enrolled in a longitudinal study of survival time. Proteinuria proved to be significantly and independently associated with survival, as were age and plasma creatinine concentration. No association was found between gender or systolic blood pressure and survival. For illustrative purposes, the survival curves for cats with variable magnitude of proteinuria and adjusted for any influence of creatinine concentration and age are depicted in the figure (above right).. The results of these studies demonstrate that proteinuria is associated with shortened survival times in cats with naturally occurring kidney disease. However, because only about half of the cats suffering from CKD in our clinic population die or are euthanatized because of progressive renal failure or an acute uraemic crisis, rapid decline in renal function may not be the sole reason for the decreased survival times in cats with proteinuria. In human beings with ...
Aims and objectives- The aims and objectives of the study were: to study the clinical and biochemical profile of adults presenting with nephrotic range proteinuria.
BACKGROUND Proteinuria is considered an unfavorable clinical condition that accelerates renal and cardiovascular disease. However, it is not clear whether all forms of proteinuria are damaging. Mutations in CUBN cause Imerslund-Gräsbeck syndrome (IGS), which is characterized by intestinal malabsorption of vitamin B12 and in some cases proteinuria. CUBN encodes for cubilin, an intestinal and proximal tubular uptake receptor containing 27 CUB domains for ligand binding.METHODS We used next-generation sequencing for renal disease genes to genotype cohorts of patients with suspected hereditary renal disease and chronic proteinuria. CUBN variants were analyzed using bioinformatics, structural modeling, and epidemiological methods.RESULTS We identified 39 patients, in whom biallelic pathogenic variants in the CUBN gene were associated with chronic isolated proteinuria and early childhood onset. Since the proteinuria in these patients had a high proportion of albuminuria, glomerular diseases such as ...
BACKGROUND Proteinuria is considered an unfavorable clinical condition that accelerates renal and cardiovascular disease. However, it is not clear whether all forms of proteinuria are damaging. Mutations in CUBN cause Imerslund-Gräsbeck syndrome (IGS), which is characterized by intestinal malabsorption of vitamin B12 and in some cases proteinuria. CUBN encodes for cubilin, an intestinal and proximal tubular uptake receptor containing 27 CUB domains for ligand binding.METHODS We used next-generation sequencing for renal disease genes to genotype cohorts of patients with suspected hereditary renal disease and chronic proteinuria. CUBN variants were analyzed using bioinformatics, structural modeling, and epidemiological methods.RESULTS We identified 39 patients, in whom biallelic pathogenic variants in the CUBN gene were associated with chronic isolated proteinuria and early childhood onset. Since the proteinuria in these patients had a high proportion of albuminuria, glomerular diseases such as ...
A.R. Bradwell, J.P. Delamere, B.M.R.E.S.; The Effect of Acetozolamide on Proteinuria at Altitude. Clin Sci (Lond) 1 September 1981; 61 (3): 21P. doi: https://doi.org/10.1042/cs061021Pa. Download citation file:. ...
Looking for online definition of clinical proteinuria in the Medical Dictionary? clinical proteinuria explanation free. What is clinical proteinuria? Meaning of clinical proteinuria medical term. What does clinical proteinuria mean?
The late histologic findings in diarrhea-associated hemolytic uremic syndrome. Moghal, NE, Ferreira MAS, Howie AJ, Milford DV, Raafat F, Taylor CM. Journal of Pediatrics 1998;133(2):220-223.. ABSTRACT:. Although survivors of diarrhea-associated hemolytic uremic syndrome (D+HUS) may initially appear to have made a full recovery, long-term studies reveal a significant number have renal sequelae. This paper examines the histologic findings in children with persistent proteinuria after D+HUS and discusses the importance of long-term follow-up of these patients. Kidney biopsies were undertaken for persisting proteinuria (mean 5.4 years) from the onset of D+HUS in five boys and two girls (mean age at onset 3 years). At one year the mean early morning urine protein/creatinine ratio was 100 mg/mmol, and the mean glomerular filtration rate (GFR) was 65 mL/min/1.73m2 . At five years the mean early morning urine protein/creatinine ratio was 81 mg/mmol, and the mean GFR was 73 mL/min/1.73m2. The biopsy ...
Spinal-cord injury patients may develop proteinuria as a result of glomerulosclerosis due to urosepsis, hydronephrosis, vesicoureteric reflux, and renal calculi. medicines to reduce intravesical pressure, are at high risk for developing reflux nephropathy. When such individuals develop glomerulosclerosis due to recurrent urosepsis, renal calculi, or hydronephrosis, risk of proteinuria is definitely improved further. Take home message: (1) Screening for proteinuria should be performed regularly in the at-risk individuals. (2) In the absence of additional renal diseases causing proteinuria, spinal cord injury individuals with significant proteinuria may be prescribed angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor or angiotensin-II receptor antagonist to sluggish progression of chronic renal disease and reduce the risk of cardiovascular mortality. and combined anaerobes. After antibiotic therapy, a stent was inserted in right ureter. Extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy was performed, which resulted in ...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Mild decrease in estimated glomerular filtration rate and proteinuria are associated with all-cause and cardiovascular mortality in the general population. AU - Oh, Se Won. AU - Baek, Seon Ha. AU - Kim, Yong Chul. AU - Goo, Ho Suk. AU - Heo, Nam Ju. AU - Na, Ki Young. AU - Chae, Dong Wan. AU - Kim, Suhnggwon. AU - Chin, Ho Jun. PY - 2012/6/1. Y1 - 2012/6/1. N2 - Background. A recent collaborative meta-analysis by Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes reported that an estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) ,60 mL/min/1.73m 2 and an albumin-to-creatinine ratio of ≥10 mg/g were independent predictors for mortality in the general population. However, selection bias, heterogeneity of the cohorts and measurement issues could be limitations.Methods.We analyzed the relationship of eGFR and proteinuria with mortality in the Korean general population, represented by 112115 participants, aged ≥20 years, who had a voluntary health check-up with homogenous calibration of ...
A patient with Laurence-Moon-Biedl syndrome and nephrotic range proteinuria is presented. Radiological investigation of the urinary tract revealed clubbed calyces but no evidence of obstruction or vesicoureteric reflux. Renal biopsy revealed occasional sclerotic glomeruli, extensive foot-process fusion and segmental glomerular basement membrane abnormalities with negative immunofluorescence for immunoglobulins and complement. Nephrotic proteinuria responded to steroid therapy but mild proteinuria persisted. The findings were consistent with minimal change nephropathy superimposed on the glomerular lesions of Lawrence-Moon-Biedl syndrome.. ...
The link between lifestyle modification and changes in both proteinuria and estimated glomerular filtration rates (eGFRs) was evaluated in Japanese subjects with proteinuria who were not taking medications. We used data from 51 men (35.8±10.0 years) and 74 women (38.0±11.0 years) with proteinuria at baseline and a 1-year follow up. eGFR was defined by a new equation developed specifically for Japanese subjects. Subjects were given advice for dietary and lifestyle improvement at the initial appointment. At the 1-year follow up, eGFR was increased in both sexes, but not at significant levels. (men:p=0.7709, women:p=0.2180). Proteinuria was also improved in many subjects. A decrease in proteinuria may be associated with improving eGFR in Japanese ...
Proteinuria in children can be transient, orthostatic, or pathologic. Transient proteinuria (often associated with fever or exercise) does not indicate underlying renal disease. Orthostatic proteinuria (elevated protein excretion when the subject is upright but normal protein excretion in recumbent position) occurs most commonly in school-aged children and rarely exceeds 1 g/m2/day. These patients do not have hematuria and have normal values of estimated glomerular filtration rate and C3 complement. Pathologic proteinuria is likely if proteinuria is associated with hematuria and/or the first morning urine protein-to-creatinine ratio is >0.2 in older children. Nephrotic-range proteinuria is defined as levels >40 mg/m2/h in 24 hours. ...
ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: There are few reports on the nutritional status changes and residual renal function (RRF) according to proteinuria levels in patients on peritoneal dialysis (PD). METHODS: A total of 388 patients on PD were enrolled. The patient
Renal toxicity has been reported with bisphosphonates such as pamidronate and zolidronate but not with ibandronate, in the treatment of breast cancer patients with bone metastasis. One of the patterns of bisphosphonate-induced nephrotoxicity is focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) or its morphological variant, collapsing focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (CFSGS). We describe a breast cancer patient who developed heavy proteinuria (protein/creatinine ratio 9.1) and nephrotic syndrome following treatment with oral ibandronate for 29 months. CFSGS was proven by biopsy. There was no improvement 1 month after ibandronate was discontinued. Prednisone and tacrolimus were started and she experienced a decreased in proteinuria. In patient who develops ibandronate-associated CFSGS, proteinuria appears to be at least partially reversible with the treatment of prednisone and/or tacrolimus if the syndrome is recognized early and ibandronate is stopped.
It is of interest that Gordon and Gill [1] explained some causes of microalbuminuria in living donors after nephrectomy such as inadequate pretransplant evaluation and conditions related to the poverty of unrelated donors. However, most reported data suggest that proteinuria increased in the living kidney donor population, and the prevalence of microalbuminuria in living donors varied from 11.5% to 34% in different studies [3, 4]. In addition, a study showed that 56% of 152 donors developed mild proteinuria (>150?mg/day) [5]. One meta-analysis demonstrated that the average proteinuria was 154?mg/day and concluded that kidney donation results in small increases in urinary protein [6]. The suggested causes of proteinuria postnephrectomy were subclinical hyperfiltration damage of the glomeruli, hypertension and a lower glomerular filtration rate.. Finally, it is generally accepted that all kidney donors should be screened for microalbuminuria at 2- to 3-year intervals postkidney donation because ...
TY - JOUR. T1 - The total urine protein-to-creatinine ratio can predict the presence of microalbuminuria. AU - Yamamoto, Kyoko. AU - Yamamoto, Hiroyuki. AU - Yoshida, Katsumi. AU - Niwa, Koichiro. AU - Nishi, Yutaro. AU - Mizuno, Atsushi. AU - Kuwabara, Masanari. AU - Asano, Taku. AU - Sakoda, Kunihiro. AU - Niinuma, Hiroyuki. AU - Nakahara, Fumiko. AU - Takeda, Kyoko. AU - Shindoh, Chiyohiko. AU - Komatsu, Yasuhiro. PY - 2014/3/10. Y1 - 2014/3/10. N2 - Background: The Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes chronic kidney disease (CKD) guidelines recommend that CKD be classified based on the etiology, glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and degree of albuminuria. The present study aimed to establish a method that predicts the presence of microalbuminuria by measuring the total urine protein-to-creatinine ratio (TPCR) in patients with cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors. Methods and Results: We obtained urine samples from 1,033 patients who visited the cardiovascular clinic at St. Lukes ...
METHODS: We conducted a retrospective chart review of all adult patients, age ,18 years seeing a nephrologist with a diagnosis of CKD stage 4 or 5 during the study period between 06/01/2011 and 08/31/2013 to evaluate the placement of an AV access, initiation of dialysis and we conducted a survey of providers about the process.. RESULTS: The 221 patients (56% female) in the study had median age of 66 years (interquartile range (IQR), 57-75) and were followed for a median of 1.26 years (IQR 0.6-1.68). At study entry, 81%had CKD stage 4 and 19% had CKD stage 5. By the end of study, 48 patients had initiated dialysis. Thirty-four of the patients started dialysis with a catheter (1 failed and 10 maturing AVFs), 9 with an AVF and 5 with an AVG. During the study period, 61 total AV accesses were placed (54 AVF and 7 AVG). A higher urinary protein/ creatinine ratio and a lower eGFR were associated with AV access placement and dialysis initiation. A greater number of nephrology visits were associated ...
Looking for online definition of functional proteinuria in the Medical Dictionary? functional proteinuria explanation free. What is functional proteinuria? Meaning of functional proteinuria medical term. What does functional proteinuria mean?
Proximal tubule (PT) dysfunction, including tubular proteinuria, is definitely a substantial complication in youthful sickle cell disease (SCD) that may eventually result in chronic kidney disease. binding towards the Hb dimer-dimer user interface inhibits Hb binding to megalin/cubilin. BLAST queries and structural modeling analyses exposed parts of similarity between Hb and albumin that map to the region and could represent sites of Hb discussion with megalin/cubilin. Our research claim that impaired endocytosis of megalin/cubilin ligands, than heme toxicity rather, may be the reason for tubular proteinuria in SCD individuals. Additionally, lack of these filtered protein in to the urine may donate to the extra-renal pathogenesis of SCD. solid course=kwd-title Keywords: megalin, proteinuria, proximal tubule, sickle cell disease, supplement D sickle cell disease (SCD) can be a damaging disease caused by an individual mutation (Glu7Val) in hemoglobin (Hb) that triggers reddish colored ...
The drinks a person with Proteinuria problem can consume - #Proteinuria happens when the kidneys are not healthy enough to hold the protein to not leak out through urine. Protein is vital for our overall health. Albumin is a protein in the blood which is profitable for the strong bones and muscles. Healthy #kidneys work to filter and eliminate extra fluid and waste materials from the blood. Kidneys also work on to maintain the flow of protein and important nutrients in the blood. When the kidneys are not healthy enough to not eliminate albumin protein through urine, the condition is known as protein leakage and protein loss. When the protein leaks out through urine is also is known as Proteinuria or #Albuminuria and its also can be a sign of the nephrotic syndrome. The three main causes of Proteinuria are- 1. Diabetes, 2. High Blood Pressure, and 3. Kidney Disease Following are the symptoms of Proteinuria or Protein Loss 1. Foamy or bubbly urine 2. Problem in urination 3. Frequent or less urine ...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Increase in 24-Hour Protein Excretion Immediately After Donation Is Associated With Decreased Functional Recovery in Living Kidney Donors. AU - Na, Joon Chae. AU - Yoon, Min Gee. AU - Lee, Hyung Ho. AU - Yoon, Young Eun. AU - Kim, Deok Gie. AU - Huh, Kyu Ha. AU - Kim, Yu Seun. AU - Han, Woong Kyu. PY - 2019/10. Y1 - 2019/10. N2 - Objectives: In this study, we evaluated the occurrence of proteinuria in living kidney donors during the immediate postdonation period, aiming to determine its clinical significance in renal function recovery. Patients and methods: We enrolled living kidney donors with predonation protein excretion rate (PER) , 150 mg/24 h. Participants were divided into 2 groups according to immediate postdonation PER (4 days after nephrectomy): non-microproteinuria (non-mPr; PER , 150 mg/24 h), n = 244; and immediate postdonation microproteinuria (ImPr; PER ≥ 150 mg/24 h), n = 605. Results: Estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) did not differ significantly ...
Angiopoietin-like protein 3(ANGPTL3) is well acknowledged as a key regulator of lipid metabolism. Now, there have not been enough data to explain the mechanism of hyperlipidemia related proteinuria. In this study, we hoped to investigate the changes of Angiopoietin-like protein 3(ANGPTL3) levels in hyperlipidemia patients with different proteinuria levels. Seventy-one patients with hyperlipidemia were selected, who were hospitalized in Gansu Provincial Peoples Hospital from September 2016 to September 2017, and 20 healthy people in the physical examination center were selected. We combed through medical history and conducted clinical biochemical indicators of blood urea nitrogen (BUN), serum creatinine (SCr), 24 h urine protein quantitation (24hUPro), cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), high density lipoprotein (HDL) and low detection of density lipoproteins (LDL-C). The concentration of serum ANGPTL3 was measured by ELISA. 1. Serum ANGPTL3 in patients with hyperlipidemia related proteinuria was
Plasma viscosity is a major determinant of capillary blood flow. It has been suggested that alteration in plasma viscosity contributes to impaired blood flow and to increased cardiovascular risk. The aim of this study was to investigate the plasma viscosity levels and its possible role in the cardiovascular risk in patients with low grade nephrotic proteinuria. 20 patients with low-grade nephrotic proteinuria (mean age: 35+/-5 years) and 20 healthy controls (mean age: 33+/-4 years) were participated in the study. Plasma viscosity was measured by Harkness capillary viscometer. Biochemical analysis were measured by commercial enzymatic kits. Plasma viscosity, plasma levels of creatinine, fibrinogen and triglyceride were increased in patients with proteinuria than in the healthy controls ( ...
Recent immunosuppressive treatments for lupus nephritis have improved renal survival rate, however, there still exists lupus nephritis refractory to these treatments. Angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) are known not only to decrease blood pressure but also to have an independent renoprotecting eff …
Proteinuria is a very common symptom of glomerulonephritis. How does glomerulonephritis cause proteinuria? To know the answer can help you treat the disease well. Glomerulonephritis is a group of diseases that injury the part of the kidney
29 patients with IgA nephropathy whose proteinuria persisted at a level of 2.0 g/day or more and who received prednisolone treatment for 1-3 years were retrospectively evaluated on their clinical courses. 13 of 14 patients with renal dysfunction of less than 70 ml/min in initial creatinine clearance (C|sub|cr|/sub|) values subsequently entered a progressive course during a follow-up period of 47 months, leading to end-stage renal failure in 8 cases. On the other hand, only 1 of the other 15 patients with preserved renal function of 70 ml/min or more ended up with end-stage renal failure during a follow-up period of 74 months, although 7 underwent a progressive course. Three patients in the latter group experienced a prominent reduction in proteinuria to less than 1.0 g/day and maintained renal function. Meanwhile, the steroid group of moderate proteinuric patients with a creatinine clearance greater than 70 ml/min had a benign course, while the nonsteroid group had an unfavorable one. These results
The University of Missouri Veterinary Medical Diagnostic Laboratory (VMDL) is a full-service veterinary diagnostic laboratory and Missouris only laboratory accredited by the American Association of Veterinary Laboratory Diagnosticians. The VMDL is a Level I Lab of the National Animal Health Laboratory Network, Tier I Lab of the FDA Veterinary Laboratory Response Network, and a National Poultry Improvement Plan authorized lab. The VMDL maintains an effective quality assurance and quality control program. The VMDL has formal anatomical pathology, clinical pathology, and clinical microbiology training programs. The VMDL faculty hold academic appointments in the Departments of Veterinary Pathobiology and Veterinary Biomedical Sciences. The director is administratively responsible to the dean of the College of Veterinary Medicine for the overall operation of the laboratory and its multiple missions of public service, teaching, research and continuing education/extension. The VMDL faculty and staff ...
TY - JOUR. T1 - The Familial Occurrence of Focal Segmental Glomerular Sclerosis. AU - McCurdy, Fredrick A.. AU - Butera, Philip J.. AU - Wilson, Ronald. PY - 1987/1/1. Y1 - 1987/1/1. N2 - We have observed the occurrence of focal segmental glomerulosclerosis in all three siblings of a single Hispanic family. Each of the children had the onset of significant proteinuria on or before the age of 10. The two oldest children have had progression of their disease to end-stage with subsequent successful transplantation. The youngest sibling continues to have normal renal function. All three patients had renal biopsies prior to the onset of renal insufficiency and each of the biopsies showed the presence of focal segmental glomerulosclerosis with mild diffuse mesangial hypercellularity. Finally, HLA-typing revealed the presence of DRw8 in all three siblings and the father. This report further suggests that genetic factors may be quite important in the development of the lesion of focal segmental ...
Looking for Bence-Jones proteinuria? Find out information about Bence-Jones proteinuria. The presence of Bence-Jones protein in the urine Explanation of Bence-Jones proteinuria
Results HSN occurred in 102/223 (46%) patients, consisting of isolated haematuria in 14%, isolated proteinuria in 9%, both haematuria and proteinuria in 56%, nephrotic-range proteinuria in 20% and nephrotic-nephritic syndrome in 1%. The patients who developed HSN were significantly older than those who did not (8.2±3.8 vs 6.2±3.0 years, p,0.001, CI for the difference 1.1 to 2.9). Nephritis occurred a mean of 14 days after HSP diagnosis, and within 1 month in the majority of cases. The risk of developing HSN after 2 months was 2%. Prednisone prophylaxis did not affect the timing of the appearance of nephritis. The risk factors for developing nephritis were age over 8 years at onset (OR 2.7, p=0.002, CI 1.4 to 5.1), abdominal pain (OR 2.1, p=0.017, CI 1.1 to 3.7) and recurrence of HSP disease (OR 3.1, p=0.002, CI 1.5 to 6.3). Patients with two or three risk factors developed nephritis in 63% and 87% of cases, respectively. Laboratory tests or blood pressure measurement at onset did not predict ...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Reduction in proteinuria attenuates hyperlipidemia in the nephrotic syndrome. AU - Kaysen, George. AU - Davies, R. William. PY - 1990/11. Y1 - 1990/11. N2 - Hyperlipidemia in the nephrotic syndrome is characterized by increased synthesis of lipids as well as reduced removal of lipids from the blood. When rats with nephrotic syndrome are fed a 40% protein diet, urinary albumin excretion and rate of albumin synthesis increase. Serum cholesterol and triglyceride concentration increase as well. If the increase in albuminuria, but not the increase in the rate of albumin synthesis resulting from dietary protein augmentation, is prevented by the administration of enalapril, serum triglyceride and cholesterol concentration are not increased but are reduced nearly to within the normal range. Proteinuria, and not an increased rate of albumin synthesis, thus plays a causal role in nephrotic hyperlipidemia. Therapy directed at correcting altered glomerular permselectivity, while perserving ...
Despite the occurrence of relapses, steroid sensitive nephrotic syndrome (SSNS) has a good long term prognosis. As it often heralds a clinical relapse, significant proteinuria (+++ or more on albustix) for ⩾3 consecutive days (simplified as P3D in this letter) defines a relapse, resulting in steroid therapy before the onset of oedema. Proteinuria may be triggered by viral infections1 and does not always develop into a relapse.2. We have observed 24 consecutive episodes of asymptomatic P3D, without oedema, occurring during a viral illness, in four children (two boys, two girls, age range 2-5 years) known to have SSNS. In eight of these episodes, the families refused to rush with steroid therapy; serum albumin level remained ,30 g/l in the three where measured, and the proteinuria resolved between 5 and 10 days. Sixteen other episodes occurred in three children, who were treated as relapses; all three were later labelled as frequent relapsers and started on long term steroid therapy. None ...
Background: Proteinuria is considered as an unfavorable clinical condition that accelerates renal and cardiovascular disease. However, it is not clear if all forms of proteinuria are damaging. Mutations in CUBN cause Imerslund-Gräsbeck syndrome (IGS) featured by intestinal malabsorption of vitamin B12 and in some cases proteinuria. CUBN encodes for cubilin, an intestinal and proximal tubular uptake receptor containing 27 CUB domains for ligand binding. Methods: We used next-generation sequencing for renal disease genes to genotype cohorts of patients with suspected hereditary renal disease and chronic proteinuria. CUBN variants were analyzed using bioinformatics, structural modeling and epidemiological methods. Results: We identified 39 patients, in whom biallelic pathogenic variants in the CUBN gene are associated with chronic isolated proteinuria with childhood onset. Since the proteinuria displayed a high proportion of albuminuria, glomerular diseases such as steroid-resistant nephrotic ...
Background: Proteinuria is considered as an unfavorable clinical condition that accelerates renal and cardiovascular disease. However, it is not clear if all forms of proteinuria are damaging. Mutations in CUBN cause Imerslund-Gräsbeck syndrome (IGS) featured by intestinal malabsorption of vitamin B12 and in some cases proteinuria. CUBN encodes for cubilin, an intestinal and proximal tubular uptake receptor containing 27 CUB domains for ligand binding. Methods: We used next-generation sequencing for renal disease genes to genotype cohorts of patients with suspected hereditary renal disease and chronic proteinuria. CUBN variants were analyzed using bioinformatics, structural modeling and epidemiological methods. Results: We identified 39 patients, in whom biallelic pathogenic variants in the CUBN gene are associated with chronic isolated proteinuria with childhood onset. Since the proteinuria displayed a high proportion of albuminuria, glomerular diseases such as steroid-resistant nephrotic ...
BACKGROUND Proteinuria is considered an unfavorable clinical condition that accelerates renal and cardiovascular disease. However, it is not clear whether all forms of proteinuria are damaging. Mutations in CUBN cause Imerslund-Gräsbeck syndrome (IGS), which is characterized by intestinal malabsorption of vitamin B12 and in some cases proteinuria. CUBN encodes for cubilin, an intestinal and proximal tubular uptake receptor containing 27 CUB domains for ligand binding.METHODS We used next-generation sequencing for renal disease genes to genotype cohorts of patients with suspected hereditary renal disease and chronic proteinuria. CUBN variants were analyzed using bioinformatics, structural modeling, and epidemiological methods.RESULTS We identified 39 patients, in whom biallelic pathogenic variants in the CUBN gene were associated with chronic isolated proteinuria and early childhood onset. Since the proteinuria in these patients had a high proportion of albuminuria, glomerular diseases such as ...
A number of different diseases can result in glomerular disease. It may be the direct result of an infection or a drug toxic to the kidneys, or it may result from a disease that affects the entire body, like diabetes or lupus. Many different kinds of diseases can cause swelling or scarring of the nephron or glomerulus.. People with glomerular disease have nephrotic syndrome, which includes edema, or swelling, usually of the ankles, nephrotic-range proteinuria (high level of protein in the urine of 3.5 grams per day or more), hypoalbuminemia, a low-level of the protein albumin in the blood, and high cholesterol. Other problems caused by nephrotic syndrome include high blood pressure, increased risk for getting infections, and blood that clots more than normal.. Other people may not have nephrotic syndrome, but still have some signs of it, such as protein in their urine, edema, and high blood pressure. They may also have other signs that are not part of nephrotic syndrome, such as blood in the ...
The most common form of glomerulonephritis is IgA nephropathy. Previous studies have demonstrated the efficacy of immunosuppressive therapy to target mesangial IgA deposits and circulating IgA autoantibodies for the treatment of IgA nephropathy.. In patients who have proteinuria with urinary protein excretion of ,1 g per day, the Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) guidelines recommend treatment with a blocker of the renin-angiotensin system (an angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitor or an angiotensin II-receptor blocker).. The KDIGO guidelines also suggest the use of systemic glucocorticoids in patients with a proteinuria level above 1 g of urinary protein excretion per day and a glomerular filtration rate (GFR) higher than 50 mL per minute despite supportive care. However, according to Thomas Rauen, MD, and colleagues, findings from earlier randomized, controlled trials leading to these suggestions have been criticized because the blockade of the renin-angiotensin system was ...
Background/Purpose: The ALLURE study compared efficacy and safety of abatacept (ABA) vs placebo (PBO) on background MMF and CS for the treatment of active proliferative LN.1 The primary endpoint of improvement in complete response (CR) rate at 1 year (ABA 35.1%, PBO 33.5%; p=0.73) was not met; however, the ABA-treated patient (pt) group had an earlier, more pronounced improvement in urine protein/creatinine ratio (UPCR; ABA -2.95, PBO -2.68) and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR; ABA 109, PBO 105 mL/min/1.73 m2) and a higher rate of sustained CR (sCR; ABA 48%, PBO 38%; hazard ratio estimate [95% CI] 1.41 [0.9942, 2.0068]) at 1 year. In this serum proteomic analysis, correlations between protein biomarkers, baseline (BL) disease characteristics and treatment outcomes were studied to better understand disease pathogenesis and treatment effects.. Methods: Serum samples from pts with SLE (ACR 1982 criteria)2 and biopsy-proven LN (122 ABA, 119 PBO) in ALLURE (NCT01714817) were analyzed for ...
The protein-to-creatinine ratio in urine allows doctors to determine how much protein is in urine at a specific moment in time, according to Lab Tests Online. A high ratio implies proteins presence,...
OBJECTIVES: To compare the Multistix 10SG/visual-read with two automated methods (Multistix 10SG/Clinitek 50 and Chemstrip 10A/Urisys 1100) to detect significant proteinuria among high-risk pregnant women.. STUDY DESIGN: Prospective cohort study at British Columbia Womens Hospital & Health Centre, Vancouver, Canada.. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Diagnostic accuracy determined by sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative likelihood ratios (LR+ and LR-).. RESULTS: 303 (89.6%) of 338 women had a urine sample tested by all three dipstick methods. 196 samples (64.7%) were collected in the morning (subsequent to their first void) and from outpatients. 107 samples (35.3%) were from inpatients at various times throughout the day. A PrCr ⩾30mg/mmol was present in 46 (15.2%) samples. The sensitivity for proteinuria was higher with Multistix 10SG/Clinitek 50 (65.2%) than with Multistix 10SG/visual-read (41.3%, p,0.001) or Chemstrip 10A/Urisys 1100 (54.3%, p=0.06). Specificity was ,90% for all methods ...
BACKGROUND About 30-40% of diabetic patients who developed nephropathy have lipoprotein disorders, especially lipoprotein a [Lp(a)], which is related to atherosclerosis. OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of N-acetyl cysteine (NAC) on the serum levels of Lp(a) and amount of proteinuria in a group of type 2 diabetic patients with diabetic nephropathy. PATIENTS AND METHODS A total of 40, type 2 diabetic (T2D) patients, patients with proteinuria, were randomly divided into two groups. The experimental group was treated by NAC (1200 mg/day) for two months in conjunction with conventional treatment for diabetes and hypertension. Control group received routine medications. RESULTS No significant change was identified in serum Lp(a) during treatment with NAC (P ,0.05). However, NAC decreased the amount of proteinuria, serum triglyceride (TG) level and systolic blood pressure in experimental group compared to the control group (P ,0.05). CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest ...
Proteinuria is a common sign of Membranous Nephropathy. It has a high risk of relapse. Due to improper treatment, most patients are attacked by kidney failure. Well then, what is the treatment for proteinuria 5g in Membranous Nephropathy? T
Through substitution mapping studies, we previously identified that a
Fanconi-Bickel syndrome, caused by mutations in SLC2A2 encoding the glucose transporter 2 (GLUT2), is characterized by generalized proximal renal tubular dysfunction manifesting in late infancy. We describe phenotypic heterogeneity of Fanconi-Bickel syndrome in three siblings, including early and atypical presentation with transient neonatal diabetes mellitus in one. The second-born of a non-consanguineous couple, evaluated for polyuria and growth retardation, had rickets, hepatomegaly and proximal tubular dysfunction from 4 to 6 months of age. A male sibling, who expired at 4 months, also had hepatomegaly and growth retardation. The third sibling had polyuria, glucosuria and mild proteinuria on day 3 of life. Hyperglycemia was detected 2 weeks later, which required therapy with insulin for 3 months. Mild metabolic acidosis was present at 2 weeks; hypercalciuria, phosphaturia and aminoaciduria were seen at 6 months. Sanger sequencing showed a homozygous missense mutation in SLC2A2 (exon 7, ...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Proteinuria and hypertension with tyrosine kinase inhibitors. AU - Kandula, Praveen. AU - Agarwal, Rajiv. PY - 2011/12/2. Y1 - 2011/12/2. N2 - Tyrosine kinases are important for the development of pathological angiogenesis, a critical factor for survival and proliferation of tumor cells. Inhibition of tyrosine kinases either through targeted binding of its ligands or inhibition of its receptor has led to significant hindrance in angiogenesis and has improved survival for several cancers. Several of these antibodies or small molecules have been approved for treatment of recurrent and resistant cancers over the last decade. Although generally well tolerated, tyrosine kinase inhibitors have been linked with development of hypertension and proteinuria. We review the literature for incidence and severity of hypertension and proteinuria among several tyrosine kinase inhibitors, their pathophysiologic mechanisms, and provide a guide for screening and management.. AB - Tyrosine kinases ...
Collapsing glomerulopathy (CGP) is a pattern of kidney injury seen on renal biopsy with multiple associations and etiologies. It is most commonly described in African-Americans and others with recent African ancestry. The disease is rapidly progressive and often presents with abrupt onset of renal failure and nephrotic-range proteinuria. Since its description 30 years ago, this entity has transformed from a morphologic diagnosis typically seen in the setting of HIV infection to a complicated diagnosis with numerous etiologies, many of which are associated with underlying apolipoprotein L1 (APOL1)-risk variants or other genetic disorders ...
2014 S. Karger AG, Basel. Background: Proteinuria is a cardinal sign of chronic kidney disease, which is a major healthcare problem that affects millions of people worldwide. Recent advances in molecular genetics and cell biology have revealed the podocyte as the primary functional regulator of the tri-layered glomerular filter. Since podocyte foot processes (FP) and their interposed slit diaphragms (SD) form the final barrier to protein loss, podocyte injury causes proteinuric kidney disease.Summary: A fundamental mechanism of proteinuric glomerular diseases is podocyte FP effacement and the loss of podocyte SD integrity, both of which involve the active rearrangement of the podocyte actin cytoskeleton. Initially, these early changes are reversible, but later can progress to cell detachment and death. Based on the importance of the actin cytoskeleton for podocyte development and the maintenance of the glomerular filter, podocyte research is heavily focused on studying actins molecular make-up ...
BACKGROUND: Proteinuria is included in the Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) risk stratification for chronic kidney disease (CKD) in the general population. However, the importance of proteinuria in patients with renal cancer has not been adequately studied. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the prognostic impact of preoperative proteinuria on overall survival (OS) and renal function stability (RFS) for patients managed with renal cancer surgery. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: From 1999 to 2008, 977 patients who underwent renal cancer surgery had preoperative data recorded for the glomerular filtration rate (GFR) estimated using the CKD Epidemiology Collaboration equation (G1 ≥90, G2 60-89, G3a 45-59, G3b 30-44, G4 15-29, and G5 ,15ml/min/1 ...
Nephrotic-range proteinuria is defined as urinating more than 3.5 grams of protein per day. Thats 25 times the normal amount, and is the primary indicator of the nephrotic syndrome - a group of diseases that damage the kidneys filtering system.. Researchers at the Glasgow Royal Infirmary in the United Kingdom looked at the effect of omega-3 fatty acids. (more…). ...
In order to evaluate the progression of renal disease, Munich-Wistar rats were submitted to 5/6 nephrectomy and given whole-body x- or gamma -irradiation with or without remnant kidney protection or were submitted only to remnant kidney irradiation. All groups received a single 6-Gy dose immediately after surgery. Whole-kidney function, glomerular hemodynamics, 24-hour proteinuria and histopathology were assessed 60 days after surgery and irradiation. the irradiated nephrectomized animals presented whole-kidney function parameters comparable to those of normal rats. in addition, they were less hypertensive and had higher hematocrit. They showed glomerular hyperfiltration and hypertension even greater than their respective nephrectomized controls. However, the interrelations among the glomerular filtration determinants were somewhat different in irradiated animals. Their 24-hour proteinuria was significantly lower and the sclerosis index and tubulointerstitial injury score were markedly smaller. ...
Renal injury may result in excess excretion of protein, called proteinuria. Urine protein electrophoresis helps determine the type of kidney injury.
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The most common cause of proteinuria is diabetes, and in any person with proteinuria and diabetes, the cause of the underlying ... proteinuria should be separated into two categories: diabetic proteinuria versus the field. With severe proteinuria, general ... Severe proteinuria can cause nephrotic syndrome in which there is worsening swelling of the body. Proteinuria often causes no ... overflow proteinuria) Due to low reabsorption at proximal tubule (Fanconi syndrome) Proteinuria can also be caused by certain ...
... is proteinuria (excessive protein in the urine) caused by renal tubular dysfunction. Proteins of low ... Tubular proteinuria is a laboratory sign, not a disease; as a sign it appears in various syndromes and diseases, such as ... Low-molecular-weight proteins' appearing in larger quantities than this is tubular proteinuria, which points to failure of ...
Proteinuria. September 9, 1940, 7 am: Tired and exhausted. Weakness of all four extremeties. Low morale. Body temperature 37 ...
"Proteinuria". www.niddk.nih.gov. Retrieved 2015-06-14. Thomas, Donald E. Jr (2014-05-22). The Lupus Encyclopedia: A ... This condition is called proteinuria. Loss of necessary protein due to nephritis can result in several life-threatening ...
... proteinuria; and strontium. Rollo published Observations on the Diseases in the Army on St. Lucia, in 1781; and in 1785 Remarks ...
"Proteinuria". UK Renal Association. December 15, 2005. Archived from the original on August 14, 2007. clinlabnavigator.com > ... 2000). "The non-insulin-dependent diabetes, hypertension, microalbuminuria or proteinuria, cardiovascular events, and ramipril ...
Hebert LA, Charleston J, Miller E (2009). "Proteinuria". Archived from the original on 2011-05-05. Retrieved 2011-03-24. ...
... proteinuria, and/or wheezing; or very rarely, symptoms of overt anaphylaxis such as hives, angioedema (i.e. skin swelling in ... and proteinuria. The individuals exhibit greatly increased numbers off circulating NK cells, increased levels of T helper cells ...
... and proteinuria. Taking oral cetirizine regularly has been known to help those who suffer from skeeter syndrome.[citation ...
... and proteinuria. Affected individuals have increased blood levels of immunoglobulin E (which plays an essential role in the ...
Towards the end of his life Addis began to study laboratory rats as a model of proteinuria, and was among the first people to ... Addis T. (1932). "Proteinuria and cylinduria". Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences. 2: 38-52. Schmitt, Ronald et ...
Orthostatic proteinuria (synonyms: orthostatic albuminuria, postural proteinuria) is a benign condition. A change in renal ... Ganong's review of medical physiology, 24th Edition "Orthostatic Proteinuria. What is Proteinuria? Causes, info". patient.info ... The exact cause for orthostatic proteinuria is not known. ...
Laboratory abnormalities include normal or mild decreases in serum C3, C4, and CH50 levels, and mild proteinuria. In contrast ... and mild proteinuria. Case reports have noted the absence of fever in serum sickness-like reactions to amoxicillin. ... proteinuria, and significant decreases in serum complement levels; it was originally described after patients were infused with ...
Addis T (1932). "Proteinuria and cylinduria". Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences. 2: 38-52. Bell ME (September ... Urinary proteins were first reported in rodents in 1932, during studies by Thomas Addis into the cause of proteinuria. They are ... Therefore, since 1827 physicians and scientists have been interested in proteinuria, the excess of protein in human urine, as ... To better understand the etiology of proteinuria, some scientists attempted to study the phenomenon in laboratory animals. ...
Proteinuria, usually less than 2 grams per day, also may be present. Other renal causes of isolated hematuria include thin ... Proteinuria and hypertension are the most powerful prognostic factors in this group. There are certain other features on kidney ... Male sex, proteinuria (especially > 2 g/day), hypertension, smoking, hyperlipidemia, older age, familial disease and elevated ... However, patients with isolated microscopic hematuria (i.e. without associated proteinuria and with normal kidney function) are ...
Diagnostic criteria are the same for pre-eclampsia as pregnancy-induced hypertension; however, it also confers proteinuria. ...
... low molecular weight proteinuria; XD: X-linked dominant; XR: X-linked recessive; PTH: Parathyroid hormone "tubulopathy" at ...
While most women with HELLP syndrome have high blood pressure and proteinuria, up to 20% of HELLP syndrome cases do not present ... This diagnosis can be made even if the patient does not have proteinuria. Women with preeclampsia with severe features are ... Key signs are increased blood pressure and protein in the urine (proteinuria). Other symptoms that seem to occur with ... and proteinuria. Preeclampsia is a leading cause of fetal complications, which include low birth weight, preterm birth, and ...
A proteinuria of greater than 3.5 g /24 h /1.73 m2 (between 3 and 3.5 g/24 h /1.73 m2 is considered to be proteinuria in the ... Proteinuria: the loss of proteins from the urine is caused by many pathological agents and infection by these agents has to be ... "Relación de la proteinuria con el nivel de hemoglobina glicosilada en los diabéticos". Archived from the original on 2008-09-14 ... The urine sample is tested for proteinuria (>3.5 g per 1.73 m2 per 24 hours). It is also examined for urinary casts, which are ...
Proteinuria and hematuria are usually absent. Polyuria is resistant to vasopressin. When other organ systems are affected, ...
Microscopic haematuria with or without proteinuria may be seen in Class II Lupus nephritis. Hypertension, nephrotic syndrome, ... Presentation can also include asymptomatic proteinuria. These presenting symptoms are relatively non-specific and are often ... Preceding infection was not as readily identified in patients presenting with either asymptomatic proteinuria or nephrotic ...
Also a urine dipstick test for proteinuria can give a rough estimate of albuminuria. This is because albumin is by far the ... It is a type of proteinuria. Albumin is a major plasma protein (normally circulating in the blood); in healthy people, only ... For a number of reasons, clinical terminology is changing to focus on albuminuria more than proteinuria. It is usually ...
"Melanocortin 1 receptor agonists reduce proteinuria". Journal of the American Society of Nephrology. 21 (8): 1290-8. doi: ... it was found that treatment with a different agonist of MC1R improved aspects of kidney morphology and reduced proteinuria, ...
Urinalysis typically demonstrates hematuria and proteinuria. Levels of the complement protein C3 are low, while levels of C- ...
In kidney disease and nephrotic syndrome, albumin infusions as replacement for albumin loss to proteinuria is used in some ... Cil, Onur; Perwad, Farzana (2018). "Monogenic Causes of Proteinuria in Children". Frontiers in Medicine. 5: 55. doi:10.3389/ ... a CMP may be ordered as a follow-up test when proteinuria is detected by urine dipstick analysis, which may lead to a diagnosis ...
Sarafidis PA, Khosla N, Bakris GL (January 2007). "Antihypertensive therapy in the presence of proteinuria". American Journal ... as reducing glomerular filtration rate associated with a rise of serum creatinine in patients with pre-existing proteinuria, ...
Proteinuria, leucocytosis and elevated uric acid concentrations > 7.8 mg. Decreased serum haptoglobin and haemoglobin levels. ...
MAD1L1 Proteinuria, low molecular weight, with hypercalciuric nephrocalcinosis; 308990; CLCN5 Protoporphyria, erythropoietic, ...
... proteinuria, hematuria (blood in the urine), bladder injury; in animals: teratogenic effects. The short-term NOAEL of 9.6 - 10 ...
Proteinuria is a feature as kidney disease progresses. The disorder was first identified in a British family by the physician ... The development of proteinuria has been recommended as an indication for commencing treatment. Once kidney failure has ... but there is substantial proteinuria. However, in some patients, hearing loss is only noted after kidney function has been lost ...
Proteinuria involving non-albumin proteins as well as albumin is seen more in tubular or overflow proteinuria. Iodinated ... If significant proteinuria is found or the clinical situation is suspicious for significant proteinuria, a 24-hour urine ... Techniques for calculating proteinuria, to determine prognosis in patients with glomerular proteinuria, include the following [ ... encoded search term (Proteinuria) and Proteinuria What to Read Next on Medscape ...
Orthostatic proteinuria is diagnosed if the patient has no proteinuria in early morning samples but has low-grade proteinuria ... Isolated, post-renal, and post-transplant proteinuria also deserve mention. Isolated proteinuria is proteinuria without any ... Tubular proteinuria. Tubular proteinuria is a result of tubulointersitial disease affecting the proximal renal tubules and ... Overflow proteinuria. Overflow proteinuria is most commonly associated with increased production of abnormal low molecular ...
encoded search term (Proteinuria) and Proteinuria What to Read Next on Medscape ... Proteinuria Treatment & Management. Updated: Dec 14, 2021 * Author: Beje Thomas, MD; Chief Editor: Vecihi Batuman, MD, FASN ... The role of proteinuria in the progression of chronic renal failure. Am J Kidney Dis. 1996 Jun. 27(6):765-75. [QxMD MEDLINE ... The role of proteinuria in the progression of chronic renal failure. Am J Kidney Dis. 1996 Jun. 27(6):765-75. [QxMD MEDLINE ...
... ... 2020)‎. Population-level data on antenatal screening for proteinuria; India, Mozambique, Nigeria, Pakistan. Bulletin of the ...
Hantavirus Infection with Renal Failure and Proteinuria, Colorado, USA, 2019 Swati Chand1, Sangharsha Thapa1, Shelley Kon, ... Hantavirus Infection with Renal Failure and Proteinuria, Colorado, USA, 2019. ...
A 65-year-old man with hypertension for more than 30 years presents for evaluation of proteinuria. His hypertension has become ... A 65-Year-Old Man With Hypertension and Proteinuria - Medscape - Oct 12, 2015. ...
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In particular, the presence of proteinuria in patients with diabetes can be an important indication of unsuccessful disease ... This course will review the diagnosis and treatment of proteinuria and hematuria, including considerations for various ... Hematuria and especially proteinuria can be signs of serious disease or neoplasm, and therefore, a careful evaluation is ... Glomerular proteinuria is the most common type of persistent proteinuria, and albumin is the primary urinary protein present in ...
Asymptomatic Proteinuria and Hematuria Syndrome - Learn about the causes, symptoms, diagnosis & treatment from the Merck ... Small amounts of protein excreted in the urine (proteinuria) or blood excreted in the urine (hematuria Blood in Urine Blood in ... Casts and proteinuria may be present because the person is recovering from a recent undiagnosed episode of kidney inflammation ... American Kidney Fund, Proteinuria: Information and infographics on protein in the urine, including the connection between this ...
Risk Factors for Proteinuria in a Large, Multiracial, Southeast Asian Population. Sylvia Paz B. Ramirez, William McClellan, ... Risk Factors for Proteinuria in a Large, Multiracial, Southeast Asian Population. Sylvia Paz B. Ramirez, William McClellan, ... Risk Factors for Proteinuria in a Large, Multiracial, Southeast Asian Population Message Subject (Your Name) has sent you a ... were independently associated with dipstick-positive proteinuria. The odds ratios (OR) for proteinuria increased progressively ...
We prospectively investigated the evolution of proteinuria in 52 type I diabetics over 7.8 ± 0.3 (mean ± SE) yr and in 61 type ... Spectrum of Proteinuria in Type I and Type II Diabetes George Jerums, MD; George Jerums, MD ... George Jerums, Mark E Cooper, Ego Seeman, Robin M L Murray, John J McNeil; Spectrum of Proteinuria in Type I and Type II ... We prospectively investigated the evolution of proteinuria in 52 type I diabetics over 7.8 ± 0.3 (mean ± SE) yr and in 61 type ...
METHODS: Proteinuria was assessed by dipstick and quantified by urine protein:creatinine ratio (UPCR) in samples from patients ... Patients with warnings signs or severe dengue were more likely to present with proteinuria detected by UPCR at the time of ... The sensitivity of this marker, however, was limited as only 16.1% of the patients with warning signs had proteinuria. ... This study aimed to investigate proteinuria occurring during dengue disease in children and assess if measurement of this ...
This lack of clarity has led to great uncertainty as to how proteinuria should be treated in the assessment and management of ... The relationship between proteinuria and coronary risk: A systematic review and meta-analysis. ... Background: Markers of kidney dysfunction such as proteinuria or albuminuria have been reported to be associated with coronary ... Conclusion: These data confirm a strong and continuous association between proteinuria and subsequent risk of coronary heart ...
Pathophysiology of Proteinuria: Albuminuria as a Target for Treatment - Heerspink, Hiddo J.L., Rabelink, Ton J., Zeeuw, Dick de ...
... for preparing a medicament for the prevention and/or treatment of proteinuria, glomerulosclerosis or renal failure. ... Proteinuria optical density OS rats mmHg mg/24 h arbitrary units 1 170 35.41 51.4 2 180 79.3 49.7 3 170 42.3 35.9 4 170 37.8 ... Proteinuria optical density control mmHg mg/24 h arbitrary units 1 140 31.63 64.51 2 150 45.06 64.3 3 150 28.2 79.92 4 145 51.6 ... Proteinuria optical density Rostafuroxin mmHg mg/24 h arbitrary units 1 135 53.07 64.7 2 150 20.14 54.8 3 155 55.34 51.4 4 145 ...
Proteinuria. Total urinary proteins greater than 1 g per day were seen in about 0.7 percent of patients receiving captopril. ... In most cases, proteinuria subsided or cleared within six months whether or not captopril was continued. Parameters of renal ... Renal : About one of 100 patients developed proteinuria (see WARNINGS). Each of the following has been reported in ... Captopril tablets delayed the progression to overt nephropathy (proteinuria , 500 mg/day) in both studies (risk reduction 67% ...
All children were tested for orthostatic proteinuria, an exclusion criterion, glomerular filtration rate (GFR), and proteinuria ... All children were tested for orthostatic proteinuria, an exclusion criterion, glomerular filtration rate (GFR), and proteinuria ... Blood pressure load, proteinuria and renal function in pre-hypertensive children. LUBRANO, Riccardo;Elisabetta Travasso;Claudia ... 96.78 +/- 51.20 ml/min per 1.73 m(2); p , 0.006) and increased proteinuria (198.29 +/- 142.17 vs. 118.31 +/- 80.07 mg/m(2) per ...
Orthostatic proteinuria is diagnosed if the patient has no proteinuria in early morning samples but has low-grade proteinuria ... Isolated, post-renal, and post-transplant proteinuria also deserve mention. Isolated proteinuria is proteinuria without any ... Tubular proteinuria. Tubular proteinuria is a result of tubulointersitial disease affecting the proximal renal tubules and ... Overflow proteinuria. Overflow proteinuria is most commonly associated with increased production of abnormal low molecular ...
Grade 3 proteinuria occurred in 11% and 6% in DTC and HCC, respectively. In RCC, proteinuria occurred in 31% of patients ... Proteinuria. In DTC and HCC, proteinuria was reported in 34% and 26% of LENVIMA-treated patients, respectively. ... If urine dipstick proteinuria ≥2+ is detected, obtain a 24-hour urine protein. Withhold and resume at reduced dose upon ... The most common adverse reactions (≥10%) resulting in dose reductions were hypertension (13%), proteinuria (11%), decreased ...
Persistent proteinuria is the signal indicator of a glomerular lesion. It also may play a central role in the progression of ... Further Evaluation of Proteinuria. The detection of persistent proteinuria (,1+ or protein-to-creatinine ratio of ,0.2) in an ... Proteinuria in Diabetes Mellitus. Proteinuria in children and adolescents with diabetes mellitus has special significance. Once ... Although orthostatic proteinuria does not generally persist beyond the third decade of life, testing for proteinuria on an ...
Bhat S, Visweswaran K. Significance and evaluation of proteinuria. Journal of the Association of Physicians of India. 1994 Aug ...
Proteinuria. *Radiculopathy (Not Due to Disc Displacement). *Rash. *Reflux Esophagitis. *Restless Leg Syndrome ...
Isolated proteinuria is a risk factor for pre-eclampsia: a retrospective analysis of the maternal and neonatal outcomes in ... Isolated Proteinuria of Pregnancy: A Call for Action. Ranine Ghamrawi, Andrea G Kattah, Vesna D Garovic ... Isolated gestational proteinuria preceding the diagnosis of preeclampsia - an observational study. Takahiro Yamada, Mana Obata- ... Natural history of chronic proteinuria complicating pregnancy. R W Stettler, F G Cunningham American Journal of Obstetrics and ...
You might assume there was residual bleach left in the toilet, but actually its your urine thats created the bubbles. (Photo: Pixabay)Foamy pee is n
Proteinuria is not uncommonly encountered in the Ped ED. It may be due to a benign condition, or something more ominous. ... 2. Benign processes almost never produce proteinuria above 1+.. 3. If proteinuria is detected in the ED in an asymptomatic ... 1. Proteinuria on U/A may suggest underlying renal disease; however, it may be present for benign reasons as well:. ⇒ A very ... If isolated proteinuria persists for more than 1 year, it is then unlikely to spontaneously resolve, at which time a renal ...
Ali gives some tips for physical symptoms of proteinuria and what to do if you see it in your child. ...
Proteinuria Symptom Checker: Possible causes include Preeclampsia. Check the full list of possible causes and conditions now! ... Proteinuria, Orthostatic Proteinuria Proteinuria is the most ominous finding in urinalysis suggestive of renal disease. [ ... Orthostatic Proteinuria. Orthostatic proteinuria (postural proteinuria) is defined as normal urinary protein excretion during ... 28% had nephrotic syndrome, 31% proteinuria ,3 g/L, 52% proteinuria between 1 and 3 g/L, and 18% proteinuria CONCLUSION: Our ...
Hantavirus Infection with Renal Failure and Proteinuria, Colorado, USA, 2019 Swati Chand1, Sangharsha Thapa1, Shelley Kon, ... Hantavirus Infection with Renal Failure and Proteinuria, Colorado, USA, 2019. ...
Proteinuria was observed in a subset of both KD and FC subjects by CLINITEK analyzer. The method detects urine albumin at ... Proteinuria and leukocyte esterase were detected in the urines with relatively higher WBC counts in both KD and FC subjects. ... The low level proteinuria observed in the KD subjects is likely related to fever and physiologic concentration of urine, rather ... coronary artery aneurysm\r, flow cytometry\r, diagnostic test\r, proteinuria\r, urinalysis. ...
Glomerular filtration rate and proteinuria associations with coronary artery calcium among HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected men ... Dive into the research topics of Glomerular filtration rate and proteinuria associations with coronary artery calcium among ... Glomerular filtration rate and proteinuria associations with coronary artery calcium among HIV-infected and HIV-uninfected men ... keywords = "HIV, calcium score, coronary artery disease, kidney disease, proteinuria",. author = "Roy, {Sion K.} and Estrella ...
  • Integral to the process of evaluating for proteinuria is quantification of the total amount of protein spilling into the urine. (medscape.com)
  • The gold standard for quantification of proteinuria is the 24-hour urine collection. (medscape.com)
  • Screening for proteinuria can be done using a urine dipstick or early-morning spot protein or albumin-to-creatinine ratio. (medscape.com)
  • If significant proteinuria is found or the clinical situation is suspicious for significant proteinuria, a 24-hour urine collection should be done. (medscape.com)
  • Nephrotic-range proteinuria is defined as greater than 3.5 g of protein excreted in the urine over 24 hours. (medscape.com)
  • Overflow proteinuria is most commonly associated with increased production of abnormal low molecular weight proteins (eg, light chains in multiple myeloma, myoglobin in rhabdomyolysis) that exceeds the reabsorption capacity of the proximal tubule, leading to spilling of the protein into the urine. (medscape.com)
  • Transient proteinuria occurs in persons with normal kidney function, bland urine sediment, and normal blood pressure. (medscape.com)
  • Doctors usually recommend that people with asymptomatic proteinuria and hematuria have a physical examination and undergo urine testing once or twice a year. (merckmanuals.com)
  • METHODS: Proteinuria was assessed by dipstick and quantified by urine protein:creatinine ratio (UPCR) in samples from patients hospitalized with a confirmed dengue infection and in healthy controls. (archives-ouvertes.fr)
  • The term proteinuria derives from protein and urine and means the presence of an excess of serum proteins in the urine. (justia.com)
  • Proteinuria may be a sign of renal (kidney) damage, since serum proteins are readily reabsorbed from urine, the presence of excess protein indicates either an insufficiency of absorption or impaired filtration. (justia.com)
  • The specific cellular unit that ensures this control is the podocyte whose dysfunction is involved in a massive loss of proteins in the urine (proteinuria). (justia.com)
  • Spot urine protein measurements in normotensive pregnancies, pregnancies with isolated proteinuria and preeclampsia. (qxmd.com)
  • Recommend checking a first morning urine sample (send them home with a urine collection cup) so that a urine protein:creatinine ratio can be determined (to rule out orthostatic/transient proteinuria). (pedemmorsels.com)
  • 4. If proteinuria persists or is evident on first morning urine sample, then further evaluation may be warranted. (pedemmorsels.com)
  • Having too much protein content in your urine will result in a condition called Proteinuria. (infonovo.net)
  • When you go for a urinalysis test, and your result shows that you have proteinuria, it means that there is some amount of protein in your urine and it is not a good sign. (fakazagospel.com)
  • If the kidneys are not working properly, proteinuria can occur, it shows that a certain amount of abnormal protein has leaked into the urine. (fakazagospel.com)
  • This is the temporary type of proteinuria whereby urine can be found in the urine when the person engages in strenuous exercises, high fever, cold or when the body is stressed etc. (fakazagospel.com)
  • We demonstrate that megalin-deficient mice exhibit a tubular resorption deficiency and excrete low molecular weight plasma proteins in the urine (low molecular weight proteinuria). (mdc-berlin.de)
  • Urine examination revealed proteinuria (protein and creatinine ratio) 0.67 g/g Cr and urinary red blood cells at 3 per high power field. (docksci.com)
  • His serum sodium (Na) was 128 mEq/L and potassium (K) was 2.8 mEq/L. His urine sediment was bland with no proteinuria and no red blood cells and WBCs. (indianjnephrol.org)
  • 2013. Urine podocyte mRNAs, proteinuria, and progression in human glomerular diseases. . (umich.edu)
  • One of the earliest signs of kidney disease is when protein leaks into your urine (called proteinuria). (cdc.gov)
  • Subjects with nephrotic range proteinuria (greater than or equal to 3 g albumin for 24 hours urine OR greater than or equal to 2 g albumin/1 g of creatinine on a random urine specimen). (survivornet.com)
  • Hematuria and especially proteinuria can be signs of serious disease or neoplasm, and therefore, a careful evaluation is essential. (netce.com)
  • This course will review the diagnosis and treatment of proteinuria and hematuria, including considerations for various etiologies. (netce.com)
  • This course is designed for nurses caring for patients who may present with proteinuria or hematuria. (netce.com)
  • The purpose of the course is to provide healthcare professionals with the information necessary to accurately diagnose and manage the conditions of proteinuria and hematuria, thereby improving patient outcomes. (netce.com)
  • Asymptomatic proteinuria and hematuria syndrome is the result of diseases of glomeruli (clusters of microscopic blood vessels in the kidneys that have small pores through which blood is filtered). (merckmanuals.com)
  • Most people with asymptomatic proteinuria and hematuria syndrome do not worsen, and the condition may persist indefinitely. (merckmanuals.com)
  • The diagnoses were based upon azotemia, hematuria (microscopic and macroscopic), proteinuria, and renal biopsy. (rolvedon.com)
  • Oral supplementation of turmeric decreases proteinuria, hematuria, and systolic blood pressure in patients suffering from relapsing or refractory lupus nephritis: a randomized and placebo-controlled study. (humanclinicals.org)
  • Short-term turmeric supplementation can decrease proteinuria, hematuria, and systolic blood pressure in patients suffering from relapsing or refractory lupus nephritis and can be used as an adjuvant safe therapy for such patients. (humanclinicals.org)
  • Albuminuria is seen in glomerular proteinuria. (medscape.com)
  • Background: Markers of kidney dysfunction such as proteinuria or albuminuria have been reported to be associated with coronary heart disease, but the consistency and strength of any such relationship has not been clearly defined. (edu.au)
  • The National Kidney Foundation Consensus Panel on Proteinuria, Albuminuria, Risk, Assessment, Detection, and Elimination (PARADE) reported that even after 4 tests, 10.7% of children have proteinuria in 1 of 4 specimens. (medscape.com)
  • Because the most widely used test for detection of proteinuria is the dipstick test, which is actually a test for albumin, the term proteinuria is used as a surrogate for albuminuria in the remainder of this discussion. (medscape.com)
  • There was a generally positive association between arsenic and albuminuria and proteinuria outcomes. (cdc.gov)
  • Assessment of a small number of studies with three or more categories showed a clear dose-response association between arsenic and prevalent albuminuria and proteinuria, but not with CKD outcomes. (cdc.gov)
  • Typical thresholds for defining proteinuria and albuminuria. (cdc.gov)
  • Urinalysis: microscopic haematuria (+++), no glucosuria, proteinuria was 2.5 g/L with albuminuria of 0.4 g/L. (glomcon.org)
  • At a subsequent outpatient clinic, two months later, her serum creatinine was stable at 1.4 mg/dL, 24h-proteinuria was 2.5 g/day (albuminuria 0.4 g/day, urinary lambda 1.8 g/day). (glomcon.org)
  • Types that do not result from pathological damage to the glomerulus include transient and orthostatic proteinuria. (medscape.com)
  • Orthostatic proteinuria is diagnosed if the patient has no proteinuria in early morning samples but has low-grade proteinuria at the end of the day. (medscape.com)
  • The study cohort consisted of 146 children with pre-hypertension (group P) and a control group of 104 children with normal blood pressure (group C). All children were tested for orthostatic proteinuria, an exclusion criterion, glomerular filtration rate (GFR), and proteinuria, and ambulatory blood pressure monitoring was performed. (uniroma1.it)
  • The dipstick (see urinalysis ) test is the most convenient method for routine testing and is often the test that causes proteinuria to be first identified in an otherwise asymptomatic individual. (medscape.com)
  • Proteinuria in most cases has no particular symptoms but can only be detected during urinalysis test or blood test. (fakazagospel.com)
  • Proteinuria is a frequent complication, and a urinalysis is commonly used to monitor kidney function in people who have RA. (hkscmd.com)
  • Krishnan A, Levin A. Laboratory assessment of kidney disease: glomerular filtration rate, urinalysis, and proteinuria. (medlineplus.gov)
  • Initial laboratory data include a urinalysis showing 3+ proteinuria and glycosuria. (cdc.gov)
  • Urinalysis reveals high specific gravity, proteinuria, red blood cells, and granular and erythrocyte casts. (edu.hk)
  • Proteinuria involving non-albumin proteins as well as albumin is seen more in tubular or overflow proteinuria. (medscape.com)
  • The spot albumin or protein-to-creatinine ratio was developed to help make the quantification of proteinuria easier and less laborious. (medscape.com)
  • For example, paraprotein deposition can induce a glomerulopathy leading to the additional loss of albumin and more profound proteinuria. (medscape.com)
  • Measurements of renal protein clearance were performed serially, and the time course of proteinuria was classified in each subject based on a threshold albumin clearance of 11 nl/s, equivalent to a urinary albumin excretion rate of 30 μg/min. (diabetesjournals.org)
  • Two independent researchers extracted the estimates of association between proteinuria (total urinary protein >300 mg/d), microalbuminuria (urinary albumin 30-300 mg/ d), macroalbuminuria (urinary albumin >300 mg/d), and risk of coronary disease from individual studies. (edu.au)
  • However, the caveat remains that quantitative estimates of proteinuria performed at clinical chemistry laboratories reflect the sum total of several classes of proteins and yield a result greater than the actual amount of albumin in the specimen. (medscape.com)
  • TWP appears effective for DKD on improving proteinuria and increasing the level of serum albumin, accompanied by a higher risk of adverse events. (biomedcentral.com)
  • Malay race, increasing age, both extremes of body mass index (BMI), self-reported family history of kidney disease (FKD), and higher systolic and diastolic BP measurements (even at levels classified as being within the normal range) were independently associated with dipstick-positive proteinuria. (asnjournals.org)
  • The association between skipping breakfast and the prevalence of proteinuria (defined as dipstick proteinuria of ≥1+) was assessed using logistic regression models adjusted for clinically relevant factors. (bvsalud.org)
  • If it significantly less, that could lead to underestimation of the degree of proteinuria, while overestimation may occur if there is much more than 1 g of creatinine. (medscape.com)
  • The degree of proteinuria depends on the integrity (charge and size selectivity) of the glomerular capillary wall (GCW) and the intraglomerular pressure. (medscape.com)
  • The current consensus is that lessening the degree of proteinuria is an imperative of renoprotective therapy. (medscape.com)
  • for preparing a medicament for the prevention and/or treatment of proteinuria, glomerulosclerosis or renal failure. (justia.com)
  • The present invention relates to 17-β-(3-furyl) and (4-pyridazinyl)-5-β, 14-β-androstane derivatives, as useful agents for preparing a medicament for the prevention and treatment of proteinuria, glomerulosclerosis and renal failure. (justia.com)
  • Similar to megalin knockout mice, patients with low molecular weight proteinuria as in Fanconi syndrome are also shown to excrete vitamin/carrier complexes. (mdc-berlin.de)
  • Mutations into the genes coding for such podocyte proteins are known to be associated with alterations of the glomerular membrane barrier and consequently with massive proteinuria and renal damage. (justia.com)
  • Experimental data indicate that α and β adducin are expressed into the glomerulus and their polymorphisms are involved in the altered expression of some podocyte proteins, proteinuria and progression of renal damage in animal models independently from their blood pressure. (justia.com)
  • Salt-loaded, spontaneously hypertensive stroke-prone rats show progressive increases in blood pressure and proteinuria and accumulate acute-phase proteins in body fluids, modeling events during renal damage. (elsevier.com)
  • This type of proteinuria does not really indicate a kidney disease and therefore requires no treatment as normalcy will return when the causative factor is eliminated. (fakazagospel.com)
  • This type of proteinuria occurs when the person is in an upright position. (fakazagospel.com)
  • Define a new gene causing an FSGS type of proteinuria in native kidneys. (kidneysforlife.org)
  • Presence Of Proteinuria May Portend Poor Surgical Outcomes Regardless Of Patients' eGFR, Researchers Say. (ascp.org)
  • In particular, the presence of proteinuria in patients with diabetes can be an important indication of unsuccessful disease management. (netce.com)
  • The presence of proteinuria was associated with an approximate 50% increase in coronary risk (risk ratio 1.47, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.23-1.74) after adjustment for known risk factors. (edu.au)
  • Patients with warnings signs or severe dengue were more likely to present with proteinuria detected by UPCR at the time of hospital admission compared to patients without warning signs. (archives-ouvertes.fr)
  • Lower body mass index potentiates the association between skipping breakfast and prevalence of proteinuria. (bvsalud.org)
  • Several studies reported the association between skipping breakfast and the prevalence of proteinuria . (bvsalud.org)
  • Although proteinuria is highly prevalent in obese individuals, the association between the prevalence of proteinuria and low body mass index (BMI) was reported in a previous cross-sectional study in asymptomatic individuals without known kidney diseases . (bvsalud.org)
  • The aim of this cross-sectional study was to assess the clinical impact of BMI on the association between skipping breakfast and the prevalence of proteinuria in normal renal function subjects. (bvsalud.org)
  • Multivariable adjusted logistic regression models showed that skipping breakfast was significantly associated with the prevalence of proteinuria above 1+. (bvsalud.org)
  • Pre-eclampsia is a multi-system disorder peculiar to human pregnancy and characte-rized by hypertension and proteinuria after 20 weeks of pregnancy. (who.int)
  • Isolated gestational proteinuria preceding the diagnosis of preeclampsia - an observational study. (qxmd.com)
  • Clinical, but Not Laboratory Features Are Predictive of Risk of Subsequent Development of Preeclampsia in Patients With Isolated Proteinuria After Midgestation. (qxmd.com)
  • 3-3.5 g of protein is nephrotic-range proteinuria. (medscape.com)
  • Nephrotic-range proteinuria is strongly associated with poor blood pressure control in pediatric chronic kidney disease. (childrensmercy.org)
  • The significance of focal and segmental hyalinosis and sclerosis (FSHS) and nephrotic range proteinuria in IgA nephropathy. (semanticscholar.org)
  • As a consequence, these agents may not reduce proteinuria to the same degree, particularly if systemic blood pressure is not adequately reduced at the same time that the afferent arteriole is dilated. (medscape.com)
  • Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors reduce proteinuria in both normotensive and hypertensive patients with proteinuric renal disease. (elsevier.com)
  • The phase of intermittent proteinuria detected in this study may represent a reversible stage in the development of diabetic nephropathy, but the factors that trigger the transition to progressing proteinuria remain obscure. (diabetesjournals.org)
  • Both cases experienced a similar post-transplant course with rapid onset of proteinuria and a histological diagnosis of membranous nephropathy (MN).Their transplants failed within two years. (kidneysforlife.org)
  • Immunohistological score of transcription factor 21 had a positive correlation with its urinary excretion and proteinuria in immunoglobulin A nephropathy. (cornell.edu)
  • 6 ,7 These findings are supported by rat studies that show 1,25(OH)2D3 administration attenuates the development of glomerulosclerosis and the progression of proteinuria through parathyroid hormone-independent antiproliferative actions and decreases in podocyte loss and podocyte hypertrophy. (jabfm.org)
  • OR for proteinuria according to systolic and diastolic BP were significantly increased beginning at levels of 110 and 90 mmHg, respectively. (asnjournals.org)
  • In type I but not type II diabetics, established proteinuria was associated with higher systolic blood pressure and decreased creatinine clearance. (diabetesjournals.org)
  • Define proteinuria and describe the pathophysiology of the finding. (netce.com)
  • the more severe the proteinuria, the more significant the glomerular disease. (medscape.com)
  • We therefore undertook a systematic review of published cohort studies aiming to provide a reliable estimate of the strength of association between proteinuria and coronary heart disease. (edu.au)
  • MEDLINE and EMBASE were searched for studies reporting an age- or multivariate-adjusted estimate and standard error of the association between proteinuria and coronary heart disease. (edu.au)
  • Conclusion: These data confirm a strong and continuous association between proteinuria and subsequent risk of coronary heart disease, and suggest that proteinuria should be incorporated into the assessment of an individual's cardiovascular risk. (edu.au)
  • In proteinuria, elevated levels of protein indicate that your kidneys aren't filtering wastes as efficiently or effectively as they should, which is a possible indicator of kidney disease. (hkscmd.com)
  • Kidneys of male spontaneously hypertensive stroke-prone rats euthanized at different stages of proteinuria showed progressive inflammatory cell infiltration, the accumulation of α-smooth muscle actin-positive cells, degenerative changes in podocytes, and severe fibrosis. (elsevier.com)
  • Evaluation of proteinuria normally is conducted on an outpatient basis, unless the patient develops a complication of severe nephrotic syndrome. (medscape.com)
  • Proteinuria doesn't usually manifest any symptoms unless the condition has already become severe. (infonovo.net)
  • We report a case of severe OSA, where proteinuria was clearly decreased after CPAP without any changes of medication or body weight. (docksci.com)
  • More loss in severe proteinuria. (labpedia.net)
  • Proteinuria identifies patients with kidney damage and those at risk for worsening kidney disease and increased cardiovascular morbidity. (medscape.com)
  • Patients may require regular follow-up care by a family physician, general internal medicine specialist, or nephrologist, depending on the cause and setting of proteinuria. (medscape.com)
  • Describe the diagnosis and management of patients with proteinuria. (netce.com)
  • OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to investigate proteinuria occurring during dengue disease in children and assess if measurement of this parameter can help physicians in the clinical management of patients. (archives-ouvertes.fr)
  • The sensitivity of this marker, however, was limited as only 16.1% of the patients with warning signs had proteinuria. (archives-ouvertes.fr)
  • A reasonable doubt remains that the patients with higher proteinuria and larger reduction of GFR may harbor an as yet unknown subclinical renal condition responsible for the onset of pre-hypertension. (uniroma1.it)
  • Outcome of pregnancy in patients with isolated proteinuria. (qxmd.com)
  • a clearer proteinuria/CAC extent relationship was apparent among HIV- patients. (northwestern.edu)
  • With multiple locations in Cypress and Houston, Texas, the team at Houston Kidney Specialists Center uses advanced testing and evaluation to determine the cause of proteinuria , helping patients get the most appropriate care to stay healthy. (hkscmd.com)
  • In conclusion, administration of ramipril in both low and high doses lowered blood pressure and reduced proteinuria in this cohort of normotensive patients with a variety of proteinuric renal diseases. (elsevier.com)
  • Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is common in patients with renal disease, and an association between OSA and proteinuria has been proposed. (docksci.com)
  • The study by Zhu and colleagues examined the effect of proteinuria reduction in a randomized double blind controlled trial that included 160 diabetic patients with proteinuria range between 0.5 to 3 grams in 24 hrs. (ajkdblog.org)
  • Patients assigned to the probucol group had a 27% reduction in proteinuria compared to the telmisartan group. (ajkdblog.org)
  • The 2012 Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) clinical practice guideline for the evaluation and management of chronic kidney disease (CKD) includes proteinuria in the staging of CKD. (medscape.com)
  • Isolated proteinuria is a risk factor for pre-eclampsia: a retrospective analysis of the maternal and neonatal outcomes in women presenting with isolated gestational proteinuria. (qxmd.com)
  • Relationships of risk factors for pre-eclampsia with patterns of occurrence of isolated gestational proteinuria during normal term pregnancy. (qxmd.com)
  • If isolated proteinuria persists for more than 1 year, it is then unlikely to spontaneously resolve, at which time a renal biopsy is indicated to determine underlying renal pathology. (pedemmorsels.com)
  • Trachtman H, Bergwerk A, Gauthier B. Isolated Proteinuria in Children: Natural History and Indications for Renal Biopsy. (pedemmorsels.com)
  • Analyze the clinical presentation of proteinuria and possible co-occurring signs, including aspects of the physical examination. (netce.com)
  • The relationship of clinical and biochemical parameters to proteinuria patterns was evaluated. (diabetesjournals.org)
  • The book opens with a definition and classification of the clinical manifestations of these disorders, including explanations of the diagnostic significance of oedema, weight gain, blood pressure changes, and proteinuria. (who.int)
  • Modified Huangqi Chifeng Decoction Attenuates Proteinuria by Reducing Podocyte Injury in a Rat Model of. (ijddc.com)
  • Predictors of Proteinuria in Renal Transplant Recipients Treated with " by Vinaya Rao, Clifford D. Miles et al. (wright.edu)
  • Listen as Dr. Ali gives some tips for physical symptoms of proteinuria and what to do if you see it in your child. (childrensmercy.org)
  • It is possible that Proteinuria shows no physical symptoms and still is present in a patient. (tabletwise.net)
  • Remember, proteinuria doesn't usually manifest symptoms. (infonovo.net)
  • This discussion focuses on proteinuria in children who appear well and in whom proteinuria is often incidentally discovered during an examination done for reasons other than an evaluation for suspected kidney disease. (medscape.com)
  • IMSEAR at SEARO: Significance and evaluation of proteinuria. (who.int)
  • Bhat S, Visweswaran K. Significance and evaluation of proteinuria. (who.int)
  • The outcome of pregnancy with new onset proteinuria without hypertension: retrospective observational study. (qxmd.com)
  • However, if it's a temporary or mild case of proteinuria, you may not even need treatment. (infonovo.net)
  • The Association Between GFR Evaluated by Serum Cystatin C and Proteinuria During Pregnancy. (qxmd.com)
  • These diseases cover a wide range from proteinuria to increase in serum creatinine which is a clear sign of weak glomerular filtration rate and complete failure of kidney in final stages of kidney disease. (ijmrhs.com)
  • Finally, FKD was significantly associated with proteinuria (OR of 1.7), whereas a family history of diabetes mellitus and a family history of hypertension were not. (asnjournals.org)
  • When family histories were analyzed by clustering, isolated FKD remained a significant determinant of proteinuria and the magnitude of the effect was not significantly different from that observed in the presence of a coexisting family history of diabetes mellitus or hypertension. (asnjournals.org)
  • This study is intended to study the association of Proteinuria with HbA1C in Diabetes Mellitus. (medicinepaper.net)
  • Tubular proteinuria is a result of tubulointersitial disease affecting the proximal renal tubules and interstitium. (medscape.com)
  • The mutant strain has been characterized by high proteinuria and renal lesions with focal sclerosis of glomeruli and tubular atrophy with interstitial nephritis in the kidney resembling the human disease. (kribb.re.kr)
  • The two most common factors for proteinuria diabetes and high blood pressure (hypertension). (fakazagospel.com)
  • We have studied donors at the University of Minnesota 20 years or more (mean 23.7) after donation by comparing renal function, blood pressure, and proteinuria in donors with siblings. (nih.gov)
  • The treatment protocol is based on the reduction of proteinuria, intraglomerular pressure, and renal fibrosis via interference with the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system. (springer.com)