Protein engineering. Medical search

Procedures by which protein structure and function are changed or created in vitro by altering existing or synthesizing new structural genes that direct the synthesis of proteins with sought-after properties. Such procedures may include the design of MOLECULAR MODELS of proteins using COMPUTER GRAPHICS or other molecular modeling techniques; site-specific mutagenesis (MUTAGENESIS, SITE-SPECIFIC) of existing genes; and DIRECTED MOLECULAR EVOLUTION techniques to create new genes.

Generating tissue in vitro for clinical applications, such as replacing wounded tissues or impaired organs. The use of TISSUE SCAFFOLDING enables the generation of complex multi-layered tissues and tissue structures.

Directed modification of the gene complement of a living organism by such techniques as altering the DNA, substituting genetic material by means of a virus, transplanting whole nuclei, transplanting cell hybrids, etc.

The use of DNA recombination (RECOMBINATION, GENETIC) to prepare a large gene library of novel, chimeric genes from a population of randomly fragmented DNA from related gene sequences.

Methods and techniques used to genetically modify cells' biosynthetic product output and develop conditions for growing the cells as BIOREACTORS.

Models used experimentally or theoretically to study molecular shape, electronic properties, or interactions; includes analogous molecules, computer-generated graphics, and mechanical structures.

The techniques used to produce molecules exhibiting properties that conform to the demands of the experimenter. These techniques combine methods of generating structural changes with methods of selection. They are also used to examine proposed mechanisms of evolution under in vitro selection conditions.

A serine endopeptidase isolated from Bacillus subtilis. It hydrolyzes proteins with broad specificity for peptide bonds, and a preference for a large uncharged residue in P1. It also hydrolyzes peptide amides. (From Enzyme Nomenclature, 1992) EC 3.4.21.62.

Application of principles and practices of engineering science to biomedical research and health care.

Processes involved in the formation of TERTIARY PROTEIN STRUCTURE.

Genetically engineered MUTAGENESIS at a specific site in the DNA molecule that introduces a base substitution, or an insertion or deletion.

The characteristic 3-dimensional shape of a protein, including the secondary, supersecondary (motifs), tertiary (domains) and quaternary structure of the peptide chain. PROTEIN STRUCTURE, QUATERNARY describes the conformation assumed by multimeric proteins (aggregates of more than one polypeptide chain).

Descriptions of specific amino acid, carbohydrate, or nucleotide sequences which have appeared in the published literature and/or are deposited in and maintained by databanks such as GENBANK, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), National Biomedical Research Foundation (NBRF), or other sequence repositories.

The order of amino acids as they occur in a polypeptide chain. This is referred to as the primary structure of proteins. It is of fundamental importance in determining PROTEIN CONFORMATION.

The internal fragments of precursor proteins (INternal proTEINS) that are autocatalytically removed by PROTEIN SPLICING. The flanking fragments (EXTEINS) are ligated forming mature proteins. The nucleic acid sequences coding for inteins are considered to be MOBILE GENETIC ELEMENTS. Inteins are composed of self-splicing domains and an endonuclease domain which plays a role in the spread of the intein's genomic sequence. Mini-inteins are composed of the self-splicing domains only.

The ability of a protein to retain its structural conformation or its activity when subjected to physical or chemical manipulations.

A species of gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic, rod-shaped bacteria (GRAM-NEGATIVE FACULTATIVELY ANAEROBIC RODS) commonly found in the lower part of the intestine of warm-blooded animals. It is usually nonpathogenic, but some strains are known to produce DIARRHEA and pyogenic infections. Pathogenic strains (virotypes) are classified by their specific pathogenic mechanisms such as toxins (ENTEROTOXIGENIC ESCHERICHIA COLI), etc.

The extent to which an enzyme retains its structural conformation or its activity when subjected to storage, isolation, and purification or various other physical or chemical manipulations, including proteolytic enzymes and heat.

Body of knowledge related to the use of organisms, cells or cell-derived constituents for the purpose of developing products which are technically, scientifically and clinically useful. Alteration of biologic function at the molecular level (i.e., GENETIC ENGINEERING) is a central focus; laboratory methods used include TRANSFECTION and CLONING technologies, sequence and structure analysis algorithms, computer databases, and gene and protein structure function analysis and prediction.

The level of protein structure in which regular hydrogen-bond interactions within contiguous stretches of polypeptide chain give rise to alpha helices, beta strands (which align to form beta sheets) or other types of coils. This is the first folding level of protein conformation.

The rate dynamics in chemical or physical systems.

Cell growth support structures composed of BIOCOMPATIBLE MATERIALS. They are specially designed solid support matrices for cell attachment in TISSUE ENGINEERING and GUIDED TISSUE REGENERATION uses.

A field of biological research combining engineering in the formulation, design, and building (synthesis) of novel biological structures, functions, and systems.

The excision of in-frame internal protein sequences (INTEINS) of a precursor protein, coupled with ligation of the flanking sequences (EXTEINS). Protein splicing is an autocatalytic reaction and results in the production of two proteins from a single primary translation product: the intein and the mature protein.

Process of generating a genetic MUTATION. It may occur spontaneously or be induced by MUTAGENS.

Linear POLYPEPTIDES that are synthesized on RIBOSOMES and may be further modified, crosslinked, cleaved, or assembled into complex proteins with several subunits. The specific sequence of AMINO ACIDS determines the shape the polypeptide will take, during PROTEIN FOLDING, and the function of the protein.

A collection of cloned peptides, or chemically synthesized peptides, frequently consisting of all possible combinations of amino acids making up an n-amino acid peptide.

The level of protein structure in which combinations of secondary protein structures (alpha helices, beta sheets, loop regions, and motifs) pack together to form folded shapes called domains. Disulfide bridges between cysteines in two different parts of the polypeptide chain along with other interactions between the chains play a role in the formation and stabilization of tertiary structure. Small proteins usually consist of only one domain but larger proteins may contain a number of domains connected by segments of polypeptide chain which lack regular secondary structure.

The parts of a macromolecule that directly participate in its specific combination with another molecule.

Any detectable and heritable change in the genetic material that causes a change in the GENOTYPE and which is transmitted to daughter cells and to succeeding generations.

Proteins prepared by recombinant DNA technology.

The study of crystal structure using X-RAY DIFFRACTION techniques. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)

The naturally occurring or experimentally induced replacement of one or more AMINO ACIDS in a protein with another. If a functionally equivalent amino acid is substituted, the protein may retain wild-type activity. Substitution may also diminish, enhance, or eliminate protein function. Experimentally induced substitution is often used to study enzyme activities and binding site properties.

Physical forces and actions in living things.

A characteristic feature of enzyme activity in relation to the kind of substrate on which the enzyme or catalytic molecule reacts.

The relationship between the chemical structure of a compound and its biological or pharmacological activity. Compounds are often classed together because they have structural characteristics in common including shape, size, stereochemical arrangement, and distribution of functional groups.

Proteins produced from GENES that have acquired MUTATIONS.

Synthetic or natural materials, other than DRUGS, that are used to replace or repair any body TISSUES or bodily function.

Temperate bacteriophage of the genus INOVIRUS which infects enterobacteria, especially E. coli. It is a filamentous phage consisting of single-stranded DNA and is circularly permuted.

An enzyme that catalyzes the transfer of a formyl group from N10-formyltetrahydrofolate to N1-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)glycinamide to yield N2-formyl-N1-(5-phospho-D-ribosyl)glycinamide and tetrahydrofolate. It plays a role in the de novo purine biosynthetic pathway.

Techniques utilizing cells that express RECOMBINANT FUSION PROTEINS engineered to translocate through the CELL MEMBRANE and remain attached to the outside of the cell.

A rigorously mathematical analysis of energy relationships (heat, work, temperature, and equilibrium). It describes systems whose states are determined by thermal parameters, such as temperature, in addition to mechanical and electromagnetic parameters. (From Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary, 12th ed)

An enzyme that activates tyrosine with its specific transfer RNA. EC 6.1.1.1.

The application of engineering principles and methods to living organisms or biological systems.

Disruption of the non-covalent bonds and/or disulfide bonds responsible for maintaining the three-dimensional shape and activity of the native protein.

The facilitation of a chemical reaction by material (catalyst) that is not consumed by the reaction.

Recombinant proteins produced by the GENETIC TRANSLATION of fused genes formed by the combination of NUCLEIC ACID REGULATORY SEQUENCES of one or more genes with the protein coding sequences of one or more genes.

Enzymes that catalyze the endohydrolysis of 1,4-alpha-glycosidic linkages in STARCH; GLYCOGEN; and related POLYSACCHARIDES and OLIGOSACCHARIDES containing 3 or more 1,4-alpha-linked D-glucose units.

Biologically functional sequences of DNA chemically synthesized in vitro.

Methods and techniques used to modify or select cells and develop conditions for growing cells for biosynthetic production of molecules (METABOLIC ENGINEERING), for generation of tissue structures and organs in vitro (TISSUE ENGINEERING), or for other BIOENGINEERING research objectives.

Proteins found in any species of bacterium.

Enzymes that catalyze the transfer of hydroxymethyl or formyl groups. EC 2.1.2.

Biological molecules that possess catalytic activity. They may occur naturally or be synthetically created. Enzymes are usually proteins, however CATALYTIC RNA and CATALYTIC DNA molecules have also been identified.

The process in which substances, either endogenous or exogenous, bind to proteins, peptides, enzymes, protein precursors, or allied compounds. Specific protein-binding measures are often used as assays in diagnostic assessments.

A change from planar to elliptic polarization when an initially plane-polarized light wave traverses an optically active medium. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)

The sequence of PURINES and PYRIMIDINES in nucleic acids and polynucleotides. It is also called nucleotide sequence.

A genus of BACILLACEAE that are spore-forming, rod-shaped cells. Most species are saprophytic soil forms with only a few species being pathogenic.

Any of a variety of procedures which use biomolecular probes to measure the presence or concentration of biological molecules, biological structures, microorganisms, etc., by translating a biochemical interaction at the probe surface into a quantifiable physical signal.

An enzyme that catalyzes reversibly the conversion of D-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate to dihydroxyacetone phosphate. A deficiency in humans causes nonspherocytic hemolytic disease (ANEMIA, HEMOLYTIC, CONGENITAL NONSPHEROCYTIC). EC 5.3.1.1.

The determination of the concentration of a given component in solution (the analyte) by addition of a liquid reagent of known strength (the titrant) until an equivalence point is reached (when the reactants are present in stoichiometric proportions). Often an indicator is added to make the equivalence point visible (e.g., a change in color).

The molecular designing of drugs for specific purposes (such as DNA-binding, enzyme inhibition, anti-cancer efficacy, etc.) based on knowledge of molecular properties such as activity of functional groups, molecular geometry, and electronic structure, and also on information cataloged on analogous molecules. Drug design is generally computer-assisted molecular modeling and does not include pharmacokinetics, dosage analysis, or drug administration analysis.

Members of the class of compounds composed of AMINO ACIDS joined together by peptide bonds between adjacent amino acids into linear, branched or cyclical structures. OLIGOPEPTIDES are composed of approximately 2-12 amino acids. Polypeptides are composed of approximately 13 or more amino acids. PROTEINS are linear polypeptides that are normally synthesized on RIBOSOMES.

The arrangement of two or more amino acid or base sequences from an organism or organisms in such a way as to align areas of the sequences sharing common properties. The degree of relatedness or homology between the sequences is predicted computationally or statistically based on weights assigned to the elements aligned between the sequences. This in turn can serve as a potential indicator of the genetic relatedness between the organisms.

A large collection of DNA fragments cloned (CLONING, MOLECULAR) from a given organism, tissue, organ, or cell type. It may contain complete genomic sequences (GENOMIC LIBRARY) or complementary DNA sequences, the latter being formed from messenger RNA and lacking intron sequences.

The formation of crystalline substances from solutions or melts. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)

A species of GRAM-POSITIVE ENDOSPORE-FORMING BACTERIA in the family BACILLACEAE, found in soil, hot springs, Arctic waters, ocean sediments, and spoiled food products.

Theoretical representations that simulate the behavior or activity of chemical processes or phenomena; includes the use of mathematical equations, computers, and other electronic equipment.

A thiol-containing non-essential amino acid that is oxidized to form CYSTINE.

Computer-based representation of physical systems and phenomena such as chemical processes.

The region of an enzyme that interacts with its substrate to cause the enzymatic reaction.

The degree of similarity between sequences of amino acids. This information is useful for the analyzing genetic relatedness of proteins and species.

Chemical groups containing the covalent disulfide bonds -S-S-. The sulfur atoms can be bound to inorganic or organic moieties.

Extrachromosomal, usually CIRCULAR DNA molecules that are self-replicating and transferable from one organism to another. They are found in a variety of bacterial, archaeal, fungal, algal, and plant species. They are used in GENETIC ENGINEERING as CLONING VECTORS.

NMR spectroscopy on small- to medium-size biological macromolecules. This is often used for structural investigation of proteins and nucleic acids, and often involves more than one isotope.

Artificial organs that are composites of biomaterials and cells. The biomaterial can act as a membrane (container) as in BIOARTIFICIAL LIVER or a scaffold as in bioartificial skin.

The property of objects that determines the direction of heat flow when they are placed in direct thermal contact. The temperature is the energy of microscopic motions (vibrational and translational) of the particles of atoms.

The insertion of recombinant DNA molecules from prokaryotic and/or eukaryotic sources into a replicating vehicle, such as a plasmid or virus vector, and the introduction of the resultant hybrid molecules into recipient cells without altering the viability of those cells.

A basic enzyme that is present in saliva, tears, egg white, and many animal fluids. It functions as an antibacterial agent. The enzyme catalyzes the hydrolysis of 1,4-beta-linkages between N-acetylmuramic acid and N-acetyl-D-glucosamine residues in peptidoglycan and between N-acetyl-D-glucosamine residues in chitodextrin. EC 3.2.1.17.

A family of SERINE ENDOPEPTIDASES isolated from Bacillus subtilis. EC 3.4.21.-

Databases containing information about PROTEINS such as AMINO ACID SEQUENCE; PROTEIN CONFORMATION; and other properties.

The location of the atoms, groups or ions relative to one another in a molecule, as well as the number, type and location of covalent bonds.

The normality of a solution with respect to HYDROGEN ions; H+. It is related to acidity measurements in most cases by pH = log 1/2[1/(H+)], where (H+) is the hydrogen ion concentration in gram equivalents per liter of solution. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 6th ed)

Short sequences (generally about 10 base pairs) of DNA that are complementary to sequences of messenger RNA and allow reverse transcriptases to start copying the adjacent sequences of mRNA. Primers are used extensively in genetic and molecular biology techniques.

The thermodynamic interaction between a substance and WATER.

A field of biology concerned with the development of techniques for the collection and manipulation of biological data, and the use of such data to make biological discoveries or predictions. This field encompasses all computational methods and theories for solving biological problems including manipulation of models and datasets.

Water swollen, rigid, 3-dimensional network of cross-linked, hydrophilic macromolecules, 20-95% water. They are used in paints, printing inks, foodstuffs, pharmaceuticals, and cosmetics. (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)

A procedure consisting of a sequence of algebraic formulas and/or logical steps to calculate or determine a given task.

Widely distributed enzymes that carry out oxidation-reduction reactions in which one atom of the oxygen molecule is incorporated into the organic substrate; the other oxygen atom is reduced and combined with hydrogen ions to form water. They are also known as monooxygenases or hydroxylases. These reactions require two substrates as reductants for each of the two oxygen atoms. There are different classes of monooxygenases depending on the type of hydrogen-providing cosubstrate (COENZYMES) required in the mixed-function oxidation.

The characteristic 3-dimensional shape and arrangement of multimeric proteins (aggregates of more than one polypeptide chain).

A molecule that binds to another molecule, used especially to refer to a small molecule that binds specifically to a larger molecule, e.g., an antigen binding to an antibody, a hormone or neurotransmitter binding to a receptor, or a substrate or allosteric effector binding to an enzyme. Ligands are also molecules that donate or accept a pair of electrons to form a coordinate covalent bond with the central metal atom of a coordination complex. (From Dorland, 27th ed)

Spectroscopic method of measuring the magnetic moment of elementary particles such as atomic nuclei, protons or electrons. It is employed in clinical applications such as NMR Tomography (MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING).

Condition of having pores or open spaces. This often refers to bones, bone implants, or bone cements, but can refer to the porous state of any solid substance.

DNA molecules capable of autonomous replication within a host cell and into which other DNA sequences can be inserted and thus amplified. Many are derived from PLASMIDS; BACTERIOPHAGES; or VIRUSES. They are used for transporting foreign genes into recipient cells. Genetic vectors possess a functional replicator site and contain GENETIC MARKERS to facilitate their selective recognition.

A process that includes the determination of AMINO ACID SEQUENCE of a protein (or peptide, oligopeptide or peptide fragment) and the information analysis of the sequence.

Sequential operating programs and data which instruct the functioning of a digital computer.

The accumulation of an electric charge on a object

A field of medicine concerned with developing and using strategies aimed at repair or replacement of damaged, diseased, or metabolically deficient organs, tissues, and cells via TISSUE ENGINEERING; CELL TRANSPLANTATION; and ARTIFICIAL ORGANS and BIOARTIFICIAL ORGANS and tissues.

The testing of materials and devices, especially those used for PROSTHESES AND IMPLANTS; SUTURES; TISSUE ADHESIVES; etc., for hardness, strength, durability, safety, efficacy, and biocompatibility.

A chemical reaction in which an electron is transferred from one molecule to another. The electron-donating molecule is the reducing agent or reductant; the electron-accepting molecule is the oxidizing agent or oxidant. Reducing and oxidizing agents function as conjugate reductant-oxidant pairs or redox pairs (Lehninger, Principles of Biochemistry, 1982, p471).

Tools or devices for generating products using the synthetic or chemical conversion capacity of a biological system. They can be classical fermentors, cell culture perfusion systems, or enzyme bioreactors. For production of proteins or enzymes, recombinant microorganisms such as bacteria, mammalian cells, or insect or plant cells are usually chosen.

A mutation caused by the substitution of one nucleotide for another. This results in the DNA molecule having a change in a single base pair.

The ability of a substance to be dissolved, i.e. to form a solution with another substance. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 6th ed)

Polymers of organic acids and alcohols, with ester linkages--usually polyethylene terephthalate; can be cured into hard plastic, films or tapes, or fibers which can be woven into fabrics, meshes or velours.

Electrophoresis in which a polyacrylamide gel is used as the diffusion medium.

Proteins found in plants (flowers, herbs, shrubs, trees, etc.). The concept does not include proteins found in vegetables for which VEGETABLE PROTEINS is available.

The portion of an interactive computer program that issues messages to and receives commands from a user.

A non-essential amino acid that occurs in high levels in its free state in plasma. It is produced from pyruvate by transamination. It is involved in sugar and acid metabolism, increases IMMUNITY, and provides energy for muscle tissue, BRAIN, and the CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM.

Materials fabricated by BIOMIMETICS techniques, i.e., based on natural processes found in biological systems.

Organic compounds that generally contain an amino (-NH2) and a carboxyl (-COOH) group. Twenty alpha-amino acids are the subunits which are polymerized to form proteins.

A species of the genus SACCHAROMYCES, family Saccharomycetaceae, order Saccharomycetales, known as "baker's" or "brewer's" yeast. The dried form is used as a dietary supplement.

The process by which two molecules of the same chemical composition form a condensation product or polymer.

A low-energy attractive force between hydrogen and another element. It plays a major role in determining the properties of water, proteins, and other compounds.

The phenomenon whereby compounds whose molecules have the same number and kind of atoms and the same atomic arrangement, but differ in their spatial relationships. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 5th ed)

Submicron-sized fibers with diameters typically between 50 and 500 nanometers. The very small dimension of these fibers can generate a high surface area to volume ratio, which makes them potential candidates for various biomedical and other applications.

A non-essential amino acid. It is found primarily in gelatin and silk fibroin and used therapeutically as a nutrient. It is also a fast inhibitory neurotransmitter.

Enzymes that catalyze the hydrolysis of ester bonds within RNA. EC 3.1.-.

A deoxyribonucleotide polymer that is the primary genetic material of all cells. Eukaryotic and prokaryotic organisms normally contain DNA in a double-stranded state, yet several important biological processes transiently involve single-stranded regions. DNA, which consists of a polysugar-phosphate backbone possessing projections of purines (adenine and guanine) and pyrimidines (thymine and cytosine), forms a double helix that is held together by hydrogen bonds between these purines and pyrimidines (adenine to thymine and guanine to cytosine).

Proteins obtained from ESCHERICHIA COLI.

Procedures for enhancing and directing tissue repair and renewal processes, such as BONE REGENERATION; NERVE REGENERATION; etc. They involve surgically implanting growth conducive tracks or conduits (TISSUE SCAFFOLDING) at the damaged site to stimulate and control the location of cell repopulation. The tracks or conduits are made from synthetic and/or natural materials and may include support cells and induction factors for CELL GROWTH PROCESSES; or CELL MIGRATION.

Commonly observed structural components of proteins formed by simple combinations of adjacent secondary structures. A commonly observed structure may be composed of a CONSERVED SEQUENCE which can be represented by a CONSENSUS SEQUENCE.

Renewal or repair of lost bone tissue. It excludes BONY CALLUS formed after BONE FRACTURES but not yet replaced by hard bone.

Compounds formed by the joining of smaller, usually repeating, units linked by covalent bonds. These compounds often form large macromolecules (e.g., BIOPOLYMERS; PLASTICS).

Methods for maintaining or growing CELLS in vitro.

The characteristic three-dimensional shape of a molecule.

The process of cumulative change at the level of DNA; RNA; and PROTEINS, over successive generations.

An essential amino acid that is required for the production of HISTAMINE.

Salts and esters of the 10-carbon monocarboxylic acid-decanoic acid.

A network of cross-linked hydrophilic macromolecules used in biomedical applications.

An interdisciplinary field in materials science, ENGINEERING, and BIOLOGY, studying the use of biological principles for synthesis or fabrication of BIOMIMETIC MATERIALS.

The process of cleaving a chemical compound by the addition of a molecule of water.

Hydrocarbon-rich byproducts from the non-fossilized BIOMASS that are combusted to generate energy as opposed to fossilized hydrocarbon deposits (FOSSIL FUELS).

Immunoglobulin molecules having a specific amino acid sequence by virtue of which they interact only with the ANTIGEN (or a very similar shape) that induced their synthesis in cells of the lymphoid series (especially PLASMA CELLS).

Assembly requirements of PU.1-Pip (IRF-4) activator complexes: inhibiting function in vivo using fused dimers. (1/4007)

Gene expression in higher eukaryotes appears to be regulated by specific combinations of transcription factors binding to regulatory sequences. The Ets factor PU.1 and the IRF protein Pip (IRF-4) represent a pair of interacting transcription factors implicated in regulating B cell-specific gene expression. Pip is recruited to its binding site on DNA by phosphorylated PU.1. PU.1-Pip interaction is shown to be template directed and involves two distinct protein-protein interaction surfaces: (i) the ets and IRF DNA-binding domains; and (ii) the phosphorylated PEST region of PU.1 and a lysine-requiring putative alpha-helix in Pip. Thus, a coordinated set of protein-protein and protein-DNA contacts are essential for PU.1-Pip ternary complex assembly. To analyze the function of these factors in vivo, we engineered chimeric repressors containing the ets and IRF DNA-binding domains connected by a flexible POU domain linker. When stably expressed, the wild-type fused dimer strongly repressed the expression of a rearranged immunoglobulin lambda gene, thereby establishing the functional importance of PU.1-Pip complexes in B cell gene expression. Comparative analysis of the wild-type dimer with a series of mutant dimers distinguished a gene regulated by PU.1 and Pip from one regulated by PU.1 alone. This strategy should prove generally useful in analyzing the function of interacting transcription factors in vivo, and for identifying novel genes regulated by such complexes. (+info)

Engineering a chimeric pyrroloquinoline quinone glucose dehydrogenase: improvement of EDTA tolerance, thermal stability and substrate specificity. (2/4007)

An engineered Escherichia coli PQQ glucose dehydrogenase (PQQGDH) with improved enzymatic characteristics was constructed by substituting and combining the gene-encoding protein regions responsible for EDTA tolerance, thermal stability and substrate specificity. The protein region responsible for complete EDTA tolerance in Acinetobacter calcoaceticus, which is recognized as the indicator of high stability in co-factor binding, was elucidated. The region is located between 32 and 59% from the N-terminus of A. calcoaceticus PQQGDH(A27 region) and also corresponds to the same position from 32 to 59% from the N-terminus in E. coli PQQGDH, though E. coli PQQGDH is EDTA sensitive. We previously reported that the C-terminal 3% region of A. calcoaceticus (A3 region) played an important role in the increase of thermal stability, and that His775Asn substitution in E. coli PQQGDH resulted in an increase in the substrate specificity of E. coli PQQGDH towards glucose. Based on these findings, chimeric and/or mutated PQQGDHs, E97A3 H775N, E32A27E41 H782N, E32A27E38A3 and E32A27E38A3 H782N were constructed to investigate the compatibility of two protein regions and one amino acid substitution. His775 substitution to Asn corresponded to His782 substitution to Asn (H782N) in chimeric enzymes harbouring the A27 region. Since all the chimeric PQQGDHs harbouring the A27 region were EDTA tolerant, the A27 region was found to be compatible with the other region and substituted amino acid responsible for the improvement of enzymatic properties. The contribution of the A3 region to thermal stability complemented the decrease in the thermal stability due to the His775 or His782 substitution to Asn. E32A27E38A3 H782N, which harbours all the above mentioned three regions, showed improved EDTA tolerance, thermal stability and substrate specificity. These results suggested a strategy for the construction of a semi-artificial enzyme by substituting and combining the gene-encoding protein regions responsible for the improvement of enzyme characteristics. The characteristics of constructed chimeric PQQGDH are discussed based on the predicted model, beta-propeller structure. (+info)

Toward controlling gene expression at will: selection and design of zinc finger domains recognizing each of the 5'-GNN-3' DNA target sequences. (3/4007)

We have taken a comprehensive approach to the generation of novel DNA binding zinc finger domains of defined specificity. Herein we describe the generation and characterization of a family of zinc finger domains developed for the recognition of each of the 16 possible 3-bp DNA binding sites having the sequence 5'-GNN-3'. Phage display libraries of zinc finger proteins were created and selected under conditions that favor enrichment of sequence-specific proteins. Zinc finger domains recognizing a number of sequences required refinement by site-directed mutagenesis that was guided by both phage selection data and structural information. In many cases, residues not expected to make base-specific contacts had effects on specificity. A number of these domains demonstrate exquisite specificity and discriminate between sequences that differ by a single base with >100-fold loss in affinity. We conclude that the three helical positions -1, 3, and 6 of a zinc finger domain are insufficient to allow for the fine specificity of the DNA binding domain to be predicted. These domains are functionally modular and may be recombined with one another to create polydactyl proteins capable of binding 18-bp sequences with subnanomolar affinity. The family of zinc finger domains described here is sufficient for the construction of 17 million novel proteins that bind the 5'-(GNN)6-3' family of DNA sequences. These materials and methods should allow for the rapid construction of novel gene switches and provide the basis for a universal system for gene control. (+info)

Re-design of Rhodobacter sphaeroides dimethyl sulfoxide reductase. Enhancement of adenosine N1-oxide reductase activity. (4/4007)

The periplasmic DMSO reductase from Rhodobacter sphaeroides f. sp. denitrificans has been expressed in Escherichia coli BL21(DE3) cells in its mature form and with the R. sphaeroides or E. coli N-terminal signal sequence. Whereas the R. sphaeroides signal sequence prevents formation of active enzyme, addition of a 6x His-tag at the N terminus of the mature peptide maximizes production of active enzyme and allows for affinity purification. The recombinant protein contains 1.7-1.9 guanines and greater than 0.7 molybdenum atoms per molecule and has a DMSO reductase activity of 3.4-3.7 units/nmol molybdenum, compared with 3.7 units/nmol molybdenum for enzyme purified from R. sphaeroides. The recombinant enzyme differs from the native enzyme in its color and spectrum but is indistinguishable from the native protein after redox cycling with reduced methyl viologen and Me2SO. Substitution of Cys for the molybdenum-ligating Ser-147 produced a protein with DMSO reductase activity of 1.4-1.5 units/nmol molybdenum. The mutant protein differs from wild type in its color and absorption spectrum in both the oxidized and reduced states. This substitution leads to losses of 61-99% of activity toward five substrates, but the adenosine N1-oxide reductase activity increases by over 400%. (+info)

CD86 (B7-2) can function to drive MHC-restricted antigen-specific CTL responses in vivo. (5/4007)

Activation of T cells requires both TCR-specific ligation by direct contact with peptide Ag-MHC complexes and coligation of the B7 family of ligands through CD28/CTLA-4 on the T cell surface. We recently reported that coadministration of CD86 cDNA along with DNA encoding HIV-1 Ags i.m. dramatically increased Ag-specific CTL responses. We investigated whether the bone marrow-derived professional APCs or muscle cells were responsible for the enhancement of CTL responses following CD86 coadministration. Accordingly, we analyzed CTL induction in bone marrow chimeras. These chimeras are capable of generating functional viral-specific CTLs against vaccinia virus and therefore represent a useful model system to study APC/T cell function in vivo. In vaccinated chimeras, we observed that only CD86 + Ag + MHC class I results in 1) detectable CTLs following in vitro restimulation, 2) detectable direct CTLs, 3) enhanced IFN-gamma production in an Ag-specific manner, and 4) dramatic tissue invasion of T cells. These results support that CD86 plays a central role in CTL induction in vivo, enabling non-bone marrow-derived cells to prime CTLs, a property previously associated solely with bone marrow-derived APCs. (+info)

Elimination of the immunogenicity of therapeutic antibodies. (6/4007)

The immunogenicity of therapeutic Abs limits their long-term use. The processes of complementarity-determining region grafting, resurfacing, and hyperchimerization diminish mAb immunogenicity by reducing the number of foreign residues. However, this does not prevent anti-idiotypic and anti-allotypic responses following repeated administration of cell-binding Abs. Classical studies have demonstrated that monomeric human IgG is profoundly tolerogenic in a number of species. If cell-binding Abs could be converted into monomeric non-cell-binding tolerogens, then it should be possible to pretolerize patients to the therapeutic cell-binding form. We demonstrate that non-cell-binding minimal mutants of the anti-CD52 Ab CAMPATH-1H lose immunogenicity and can tolerize to the "wild-type" Ab in CD52-expressing transgenic mice. This finding could have utility in the long-term administration of therapeutic proteins to humans. (+info)

Combinatorial protein engineering by incremental truncation. (7/4007)

We have developed a combinatorial approach, using incremental truncation libraries of overlapping N- and C-terminal gene fragments, that examines all possible bisection points within a given region of an enzyme that will allow the conversion of a monomeric enzyme into its functional heterodimer. This general method for enzyme bisection will have broad applications in the engineering of new catalytic functions through domain swapping and chemical synthesis of modified peptide fragments and in the study of enzyme evolution and protein folding. We have tested this methodology on Escherichia coli glycinamide ribonucleotide formyltransferase (PurN) and, by genetic selection, identified PurN heterodimers capable of glycinamide ribonucleotide transformylation. Two were chosen for physical characterization and were found to be comparable to the wild-type PurN monomer in terms of stability to denaturation, activity, and binding of substrate and cofactor. Sequence analysis of 18 randomly chosen, active PurN heterodimers revealed that the breakpoints primarily clustered in loops near the surface of the enzyme, that the breaks could result in the deletion of highly conserved residues and, most surprisingly, that the active site could be bisected. (+info)

Rational design of a scytalone dehydratase-like enzyme using a structurally homologous protein scaffold. (8/4007)

The generation of enzymes to catalyze specific reactions is one of the more challenging problems facing protein engineers. Structural similarities between the enzyme scytalone dehydratase with nuclear transport factor 2 (NTF2) suggested the potential for NTF2 to be re-engineered into a scytalone dehydratase-like enzyme. We introduced four key catalytic residues into NTF2 to create a scytalone dehydratase-like active site. A C-terminal helix found in scytalone dehydratase but absent in NTF2 also was added. Mutant NTF2 proteins were tested for catalytic activity by using a spectroscopic assay. One of the engineered enzymes exhibited catalytic activity with minimal kcat and Km values of 0.125 min-1 and 800 microM, respectively. This level of catalytic activity represents minimally a 150-fold improvement in activity over the background rate for substrate dehydration and a dramatic step forward from the catalytically inert parent NTF2. This work represents one of the few examples of converting a protein scaffold into an enzyme, outside those arising from the induction of catalytic activity into antibodies. (+info)

... protein engineering) Structural biology Synthetic biology Woodley, John M. (May 2022). "Integrating protein engineering into ... Protein engineering is the process of developing useful or valuable proteins. It is a young discipline, with much research ... Computation-aided design has also been used to engineer complex properties of a highly ordered nano-protein assembly. A protein ... Directed evolution will likely not be replaced as the method of choice for protein engineering, although computational protein ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protein_engineering

... stability and activity of proteins and engineering of antibodies. Centre for Protein Engineering was established in 1990 as one ... of how proteins relate to each other and how their structures and functions evolved. The MRC Centre for Protein Engineering ... The MRC Centre for Protein Engineering (or CPE) was a pioneering research unit in Cambridge, England, with a main focus on the ... It was formed around the research of two prominent scientists who invented protein engineering, Sir Alan Fersht and Sir Greg ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centre_for_Protein_Engineering

... is a publication of Oxford University Press. Created in 1986, the Journal covers topics ... Protein Engineering Design & Selection is indexed in Biological Abstracts, BIOSIS Previews, Biotechnology and Bioengineering ... 2019 Journal Citation Reports (2020). "InCites Journal Citation Reports for Protein Engineering Design & Selection". Retrieved ... "Protein Engineering, Design & Selection: About the Journal". Retrieved 24 July 2020. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protein_Engineering_Design_&_Selection

Enzymology Expanded genetic code Gene synthesis Genome Nucleic acid analogues Protein design Protein engineering Protein ... Structure-based combinatorial protein engineering (SCOPE) is a synthetic biology technique for creating gene libraries ( ... "Structure-based combinatorial protein engineering (SCOPE)". Journal of Molecular Biology. 321 (4): 677-91. doi:10.1016/S0022- ... although the technique is generally applicable for the creation of engineered proteins with commercially desirable properties. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Structure-based_combinatorial_protein_engineering

Protein Engineering. 11 (9): 739-47. doi:10.1093/protein/11.9.739. PMID 9796821. Wang S, Ma J, Peng J, Xu J (March 2013). " ... and protein-protein interaction. Protein function is a broad term: the roles of proteins range from catalysis of biochemical ... Marcotte EM, Pellegrini M, Ng HL, Rice DW, Yeates TO, Eisenberg D (July 1999). "Detecting protein function and protein-protein ... Gene prediction Protein-protein interaction prediction Protein structure prediction Structural genomics Functional genomics ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protein_function_prediction

"Similarity of phylogenetic trees as indicator of protein-protein interaction". Protein Engineering. 9 (14): 609-614. doi: ... Interactome Protein-protein interaction Protein function prediction Protein structure prediction Protein structure prediction ... The field of protein-protein interaction prediction is closely related to the field of protein-protein docking, which attempts ... "Detecting protein function and protein-protein interactions from genome sequences." Science (285), 751-753 Pazos, F.; Valencia ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protein–protein_interaction_prediction

Taylor WR, Hatrick K (March 1994). "Compensating changes in protein multiple sequence alignments". Protein Engineering. 7 (3): ... Biology portal Protein design Protein function prediction Protein-protein interaction prediction Gene prediction Protein ... This same cutoff is still used by the Protein Information Resource (PIR). A protein family comprises proteins with the same ... and have thus only been carried out for tiny proteins. To predict protein structure de novo for larger proteins will require ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protein_structure_prediction

Protein Engineering. 7 (2): 271-80. PMID 8170930. Malik A (June 2016). "Protein fusion tags for efficient expression and ... The fusion protein binds to amylose columns while all other proteins flow through. The MBP-protein fusion can be purified by ... In these systems, the protein of interest is often expressed as a MBP-fusion protein, preventing aggregation of the protein of ... N-Terminal Fusion of Target Protein to Maltose-Binding Protein at Michigan Technological University maltose-binding+protein at ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maltose-binding_protein

Have We Seen All Structures Corresponding to Short Protein Fragments in the Protein Data Bank? An Update. Protein Engineering. ... De novo protein structure prediction Homology modeling Protein design Protein structure prediction Protein structure prediction ... Protein Sci. 12, 2001-2014. Kolodny, R., Koehl, P., Guibas, L., and Levitt, M. (2005). Small Libraries of Protein Fragments ... Protein Science. 17, 1925-1934. DiMaio, F., Shavlik, J., Phillips, G. A probabilistic approach to protein backbone tracing in ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protein_fragment_library

Protein Engineering. 7 (2): 195-203. doi:10.1093/protein/7.2.195. PMID 8170923. Kolakowski LF (1994). "GCRDb: a G-protein- ... Cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinases (protein kinase A) are activated by the signal chain coming from the G protein (that was ... G proteins are subsequently inactivated by GTPase activating proteins, known as RGS proteins. GPCRs include one or more ... The G protein-coupled receptor kinases (GRKs) are protein kinases that phosphorylate only active GPCRs. G-protein-coupled ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/G_protein-coupled_receptor

Taylor WR (March 1999). "Protein structural domain identification". Protein Engineering. 12 (3): 203-16. doi:10.1093/protein/ ... of protein domains Protein Protein structure Protein structure prediction Protein structure prediction software Protein ... Protein Engineering. 6 (3): 233-45. doi:10.1093/protein/6.3.233. PMID 8506258. Savageau MA (March 1986). "Proteins of ... Protein Engineering. 15 (11): 871-9. doi:10.1093/protein/15.11.871. PMID 12538906. "Protein Domains, Domain Assignment, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protein_domain

Protein Engineering. 6 (3): 279-88. doi:10.1093/protein/6.3.279. PMID 8506262. Uliel S, Fliess A, Amir A, Unger R (November ... Regardless of which protein comes first, this fusion protein may show similar function. Thus, if a fusion between two proteins ... Find insertion sites for other proteins. Inserting one protein as a domain into another protein can be useful. For instance, ... Jung J, Lee B (September 2001). "Circularly permuted proteins in the protein structure database". Protein Science. 10 (9): 1881 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Circular_permutation_in_proteins

Pierce, NA; Winfree, E (October 2002). "Protein design is NP-hard". Protein Engineering. 15 (10): 779-82. doi:10.1093/protein/ ... Protein-protein interactions can be designed using protein design algorithms because the principles that rule protein stability ... infection involve protein-protein interactions. Thus, to treat such diseases, it is desirable to design protein or protein-like ... which makes globular proteins more attractive for protein design than the other types of proteins. Most successful protein ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protein_design

Protein Engineering, Design & Selection. 24 (3): 255-60. doi:10.1093/protein/gzq094. PMID 21062758. Xue Y, Ren J, Gao X, Jin C ... Zinc finger protein 226 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the ZNF226 gene. The zinc finger protein 226 is also known as ... The FUS protein was another one found with a binding site on a predicted stem loop. The gene encodes for a protein which ... The RBMX protein is a homolog of the RBMY protein involved in sperm production. It is also known to promote transcription of a ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zinc_finger_protein_226

Protein Engineering, Design & Selection. 17 (6): 527-36. doi:10.1093/protein/gzh062. PMID 15314210. King, Brian R; Guda, ... Protein Engineering, Design & Selection. 17 (4): 349-56. doi:10.1093/protein/gzh037. PMID 15115854. Bendtsen JD, Kiemer L, ... Protein Engineering, Design and Selection. 15 (9): 745-752. doi:10.1093/protein/15.9.745. ISSN 1741-0134. PMID 12456873. ... Yu CS, Chen YC, Lu CH, Hwang JK (August 2006). "Prediction of protein subcellular localization". Proteins. 64 (3): 643-51. doi: ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_protein_subcellular_localization_prediction_tools

Protein Engineering, Design & Selection. 17 (6): 527-536. doi:10.1093/protein/gzh062. PMID 15314210. Orchard S, Ammari M, ... Proline-rich protein 30 (PRR30 or C2orf53) is a protein in humans that is encoded for by the PRR30 gene. PRR30 is a member in ... Unstructured proteins like PRR30 are highly variable in function. Other Proline-Rich Proteins have been shown to have an ... IntAct predicts that PRR30 interacts with Human Testis Protein 37 or TEX37, Cystiene Rich Tail Protein 1 (CYSRT1), and Keratin ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proline-rich_protein_30

Protein Engineering, Design & Selection. 18 (9): 445-56. doi:10.1093/protein/gzi046. PMID 16087653. Park YC, Bedouelle H (July ... Phi value analysis Potential energy of protein Protein dynamics Protein misfolding cyclic amplification Protein structure ... It has been estimated that around 0.5-4% of PDB (Protein Data Bank) proteins switch folds. A protein is considered to be ... Such VCD studies of proteins can be combined with X-ray diffraction data for protein crystals, FT-IR data for protein solutions ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protein_folding

Protein Engineering Design and Selection. 14 (11): 897-901. doi:10.1093/protein/14.11.897. PMID 11742109. v t e (Protein pages ... "Four-helix bundle topology re-engineered: monomeric Rop protein variants with different loop arrangements". ... The Rop protein's structure has been solved to high resolution. Due to its small size and known structure, Rop has been used in ... Rop protein from Proteopedia del Solar G, Espinosa M (August 2000). "Plasmid copy number control: an ever-growing story". ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rop_protein

Protein Engineering Design and Selection. 21 (11): 639-644. doi:10.1093/protein/gzn039. PMC 2569006. PMID 18753194. Gouw, Marc ... Small integral membrane protein 14, also known as SMIM14 or C4orf34, is a protein encoded on chromosome 4 of the human genome ... "small integral membrane protein 14 [Homo sapiens] - Protein - NCBI". www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. Retrieved 2020-04-30. Brendel, V.; ... The predicted molecular weight (Mw) of the SMIM14 protein is 10710.34 Da. The SMIM14 protein carries no electrical charge at a ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Small_integral_membrane_protein_14

Protein Engineering Design and Selection. 29 (8): 285-289. doi:10.1093/protein/gzw019. ISSN 1741-0126. PMID 27284085. De Baets ... Computational methods that use protein sequence and/ or protein structure to predict protein aggregation. The table below, ... prediction and engineering of protein solubility". Nucleic Acids Research. 47 (W1): W300-W307. doi:10.1093/nar/gkz321. ISSN ... "How do thermophilic proteins resist aggregation?". Proteins: Structure, Function, and Bioinformatics. 80 (4): 1003-1015. doi: ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protein_aggregation_predictors

"7.344 Antibiotics, Toxins, and Protein Engineering, Spring 2007". MIT OpenCourseWare. Swaney SM, Aoki H, Ganoza MC, Shinabarger ... Protein biosynthesis, Protein synthesis inhibitor antibiotics, Protein synthesis inhibitors). ... protein synthesis inhibitors work at different stages of bacterial mRNA translation into proteins, like initiation, elongation ... A protein synthesis inhibitor is a compound that stops or slows the growth or proliferation of cells by disrupting the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protein_synthesis_inhibitor

Mateu, M. G. (2016). Assembly, engineering and applications of virus-based protein nanoparticles , SpringerLink. Advances in ... Though, smaller protein attachments are generally tolerated by protein NPs. A significant limitation to direct attachment via ... Protein nanotechnology is a burgeoning field of research that integrates the diverse physicochemical properties of proteins ... Due to the abundance of proteins necessary for proper bodily function, the body has developed processes to update proteins into ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protein_nanoparticles

"Engineering trimeric fibrous proteins based on bacteriophage T4 adhesins". Protein Eng. 11 (4): 329-32. doi:10.1093/protein/ ... These kind of protein can be distinguished from globular protein by its low solubility in water. Such proteins serve protective ... A fibrous protein forms long protein filaments, which are shaped like rods or wires. Fibrous proteins are structural or storage ... A fibrous protein occurs as an aggregate due to hydrophobic side chains that protrude from the molecule. A fibrous protein's ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fibrous_protein

Tatulian, Suren A.; Qin, Shan; Pande, Abhay H.; He, Xiaomei (2005). "Positioning membrane proteins by novel protein engineering ... Orientations of Proteins in Membranes (OPM) database provides spatial positions of membrane protein structures with respect to ... Proteins structures are taken from the Protein Data Bank. OPM also provides structural classification of membrane-associated ... "PDBTM: Protein Data Bank of Transmembrane Proteins". Archived from the original on 2013-12-25. Retrieved 2007-06-20. ( ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orientations_of_Proteins_in_Membranes_database

Tatulian S, Qin S, Pande A, He X (2005). "Positioning membrane proteins by novel protein engineering and biophysical approaches ... Some proteins, such as G-proteins and certain protein kinases, interact with transmembrane proteins and the lipid bilayer ... Sterol carrier proteins Phosphatidylinositol transfer proteins and STAR domains Oxysterol-binding protein These proteins are ... Peripheral membrane proteins, or extrinsic membrane proteins, are membrane proteins that adhere only temporarily to the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peripheral_membrane_protein

The protein engineering approach involves synthesizing a new ligand and directed mutation of the protein's ligand-binding site ... Orthogonal ligand-protein pairs (also known as re-engineered ligand-receptor interfaces or re-engineered enzyme-substrate ... Boersma, Melissa (2008). Engineering the Affinity and Selectivity of Peptide -Based Inhbitors of Protein -Protein Interactions ... This is done by taking a mutant protein (naturally occurring or selectively engineered), which is activated by a different ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orthogonal_ligand-protein_pair

Many PAFPs have been engineered from existing fluorescent proteins or identified from large-scale screens in the wake of ... Photoactivatable fluorescent proteins (PAFPs) is a type of fluorescent protein that exhibit fluorescence that can be modified ... rational engineering of a coral fluorescent protein into an efficient highlighter". EMBO Reports. 6 (3): 233-238. doi:10.1038/ ... We happened to leave one of the protein aliquots on the laboratory bench overnight. The next day, we found that the protein ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photoactivatable_fluorescent_protein

Cameleon is an engineered protein based on variant of green fluorescent protein used to visualize calcium levels in living ... Sensors, Engineered proteins, Fluorescent proteins, Cell imaging, Calcium signaling). ... The DNA encoding cameleon fusion protein must be either stably or transiently introduced into the cell of interest. Protein ... This brings the two GFP-variant proteins closer to each other, which increases FRET efficiency between them. Miyawaki A, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cameleon_(protein)

The protein can be engineered to include the full sequence of both original proteins, or only a portion of either. If the two ... Examples include: Gag-onc fusion protein Bcr-abl fusion protein Tpr-met fusion protein Antibodies are fusion proteins produced ... Genetic engineering Protein engineering Schmidt A, Wiesner B, Schülein R, Teichmann A (2014). Use of Kaede and Kikume Green-Red ... A recombinant fusion protein is a protein created through genetic engineering of a fusion gene. This typically involves ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fusion_protein

Protein Engineering. 4 (7): 801-4. doi:10.1093/protein/4.7.801. PMID 1798702. Maxam AM, Gilbert W (1980). Sequencing end- ... the enzyme is in solution with a smaller amount of proteins than there are in another portion of the cell. The proteins' heat ... When multiple copies of a polypeptide encoded by a gene form an aggregate, this protein structure is referred to as a multimer ... This characteristic of the enzyme is uncommon to many other proteins. The precise structure and function of the isozyme in E. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alkaline_phosphatase

Class 2 systems use a single large Cas protein for the same purpose. Class 1 is divided into types I, III, and IV; class 2 is ... delivered by engineered bacteriophages. The intended therapeutic targets are antibiotic-resistant bacterial infections. The ... Class 1 systems use a complex of multiple Cas proteins to degrade foreign nucleic acids. ... Harnessing Nature's Toolbox for Genome Engineering". Cell. 164 (1-2): 29-44. doi:10.1016/j.cell.2015.12.035. PMID 26771484. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Locus_Biosciences

... is also a widely used method for in vitro protein evolution (also called protein engineering). As such, phage ... Phage display is a laboratory technique for the study of protein-protein, protein-peptide, and protein-DNA interactions that ... a gene encoding a protein of interest is inserted into a phage coat protein gene, causing the phage to "display" the protein on ... characterize small molecules-protein interactions and map protein-protein interactions. Users can use three dimensional ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phage_display

... widely used in medicine to measure various plasma proteins. A wide array of plasma proteins can be detected and quantified by ... Survikov ST (2011). "Mie Scattering". A-to-Z Guide to Thermodynamics, Heat and Mass Transfer, and Fluids Engineering. ... Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan (1972) Kerker, M.; Wang, D.- ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mie_scattering

In electrical engineering, statistical computing and bioinformatics, the Baum-Welch algorithm is a special case of the ... Durbin, Richard (23 April 1998). Biological Sequence Analysis: Probabilistic Models of Proteins and Nucleic Acids. Cambridge ... This can involve reverse engineering a channel encoder. HMMs and as a consequence the Baum-Welch algorithm have also been used ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baum–Welch_algorithm

Sterneck began to study the functions of CCAAT-enhancer-binding proteins (C/EBP) transcription factors, including their roles ... in normal mammary gland development, through genetically engineered mice. Sterneck began her independent research with an NCI- ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esta_Sterneck

His scientific work involved the characterization of biopolymers such as DNA, proteins and collagen by optical methods such as ... Polymer scientists and engineers, Members of the United States National Academy of Sciences, American physical chemists, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_M._Doty

Proteins are made of amino acids arranged in a linear chain joined by peptide bonds. Many proteins are enzymes that catalyze ... October 2003). "Metabolic engineering for microbial production of shikimic acid". Metabolic Engineering. 5 (4): 277-83. doi: ... In prokaryotes, these proteins are found in the cell's inner membrane. These proteins use the energy from reduced molecules ... Amino acids are made into proteins by being joined in a chain of peptide bonds. Each different protein has a unique sequence of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metabolism

Keratinocytes engineered to not express alpha-catenin have disrupted cell adhesion and activated NF-κB. A tumor cell line with ... They exhibit a high degree of protein dynamics, alone or in complex. Several types of catenins work with N-cadherins to play an ... Mice engineered to specifically have vascular endothelium cells deficient in β-catenin showed disrupted adhesion between ... Catenins are a family of proteins found in complexes with cadherin cell adhesion molecules of animal cells. The first two ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catenin

... protein design and engineering, fermentation science, microbial physiology and genetics, yeast biology, bioinformatics, ... equipment for protein and DNA analysis, a library with around 64,000 references books, microscopy equipment, and databases for ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Institute_of_Microbial_Technology

Some viruses can encode proteins that bind to double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) to prevent the activity of RNA-dependent protein ... Annual Review of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering. 2: 77-96. doi:10.1146/annurev-chembioeng-061010-114133. PMID 22432611. ... the E7 protein of Human papillomavirus (HPV), and the B18R protein of vaccinia virus. Reducing IFN-α activity may prevent ... phosphorylates ribosomal protein s6, which is involved in protein synthesis; and phosphorylates a translational repressor ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interferon

The structure of Φ29 is composed of seven main proteins: the terminal protein (p3), the head or capsid protein (p8), the head ... Annals of Biomedical Engineering. 37 (10): 2064-2081. doi:10.1007/s10439-009-9723-0. ISSN 1573-9686. PMC 2855900. PMID 19495981 ... the portal or connector protein (p10), the tail tube or lower collar proteins (p11), and the tail fibers or appendage proteins ... Both 5' ends of the genome are capped with a covalently bonded terminal protein (p3) that complexes with DNA polymerase during ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bacillus_virus_phi29

Along with Stanley N. Cohen and Paul Berg he discovered a method to coax bacteria into producing foreign proteins, thereby jump ... The Boom In Genetic Engineering: Genentech's Herbert Boyer". Time. February 9, 2002. Cover. Retrieved May 7, 2019. Itakura, K; ... the field of genetic engineering. By 1969, he performed studies on a couple of restriction enzymes of the E.coli bacterium with ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herbert_Boyer

... increase in copy number is useful for genetic engineering applications to increase the production yield of recombinant protein ... PFF1 consists of an origin of replication, oriV, an origin of transfer, oriT, a gene coding for plasmid replication proteins, ... 4486-4491 Kolatka K, Witosinska M, Pierechod M, Konieczny I.: "Bacterial partitioning proteins affect the subcellular location ... the TrfA protein, binds to and activates oriV. In Escherichia coli, replication proceeds unidirectionally from oriV after ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RK2_plasmid

Free radicals can damage proteins, lipids or DNA. Glycation mainly damages proteins. Damaged proteins and lipids accumulate in ... senescence Programmed cell death Regenerative medicine Rejuvenation SAGE KE Stem cell theory of aging Strategies for engineered ... Chemical damage to structural proteins can lead to loss of function; for example, damage to collagen of blood vessel walls can ... These adducts can further rearrange to form reactive species, which can then cross-link the structural proteins or DNA to ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Senescence

Genetic engineering of the paddle region from a species of volcano-dwelling archaebacteria into rat brain potassium channels ... Phylogenetic studies of proteins expressed in bacteria revealed the existence of a superfamily of voltage-gated sodium channels ... Voltage-gated ion channels are a class of transmembrane proteins that form ion channels that are activated by changes in the ... The main functional part of the voltage-sensitive protein domain of these channels generally contains a region composed of S3b ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voltage-gated_ion_channel

A connector protein dimer (e.g. CTCF or YY1) stabilizes the loop by anchoring one member on the enhancer and the other on the ... March 2022). "The evolution, evolvability and engineering of gene regulatory DNA". Nature. 603 (7901): 455-463. Bibcode: ... The loop is stabilized by a dimer of a connector protein (e.g. dimer of CTCF or YY1), with one member of the dimer anchored to ... The RNA transcript may encode a protein (mRNA), or can have a function in and of itself, such as tRNA or rRNA. Promoters are ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Promoter_(genetics)

JJ-Lurgi Engineering offers technologies and engineering services for oil seed extraction, natural oils and fats production, ... amino acids and protein sources to animal feed manufacturers; food additives and ingredients for the treatment and flavoring of ... engineered foam for construction and related design & engineering services. Jebsen & Jessen Technology engages in the ... The company engineers manufacture and services material handling products including cranes, hoists, explosion-proof lifting ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jebsen_&_Jessen_(SEA)

"National Academy of Engineering Elects 86 Members and 18 Foreign Members". NAE Website. "Kiran Mazumdar Shaw inducted into NAE ... matrix proteins, and biosimilars. Biocon's major areas of research now include cancer, diabetes, and other auto-immune diseases ... She was elected as a member of the United States National Academy of Engineering (NAE) in 2019 for the development of ... Kiran Mazumdar Shaw inaugurating MBA Program". Amruta Institute of Engineering and Management Sciences. Retrieved 24 September ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kiran_Mazumdar-Shaw

Another was that the virus coat, the protein capsid, is dependent upon the genetic material in the RNA core of the particle and ... Keim, Brandon (June 23, 2009). "Reverse-Engineering the Quantum Compass of Birds". Wired. Retrieved 11 January 2016. Govindjee ... His work made possible the dynamic simulation of the activities of thousands of proteins working together at the macromolecular ... 1996 marked the publication of Schulten's model of the LH2 structure of the photosynthetic reaction centre protein family of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klaus_Schulten

Genetic Engineering & Biotechnology News. Vol. 34, no. 2. pp. 8-9. Del Conte, Natali T. (20 March 2006). "Richard DeLateur". ... Fluidigm's first commercial product was aimed at the protein crystallization market and was launched in 2003 under the brand " ... Among the applications to which the company's products are put to use are protein crystallization, genotyping, DNA analysis and ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standard_BioTools

... including low-abundance proteins like transcription factors and protein kinases. They were also able to identify 131 proteins ... Annual Review of Biomedical Engineering. 11: 49-79. doi:10.1146/annurev-bioeng-061008-124934. PMID 19400705. Liao L, McClatchy ... aberrant proteins, and membrane proteins. Shotgun proteomics emerged as a method that could resolve even these proteins. ... Cells containing the protein complement desired are grown. Proteins are then extracted from the mixture and digested with a ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shotgun_proteomics

... a family of proteins French ship Argonaute, several French Navy ships Argonotes, the unofficial band of the Toronto Argonauts ... a class of submarines built by engineer Simon Lake USS Argonaut, several submarines of the United States Navy HMS Argonaut, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Argonaut_(disambiguation)

... a protein that in humans is encoded by the ESCO1 gene ESCO2, an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the ESCO2 gene Escondido, ... a manufacturer of engineered metal parts and components Esco (Singaporean company) that develops, manufactures, and sells ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esco

"Kotov wins the Stephanie L. Kwolek Award". Michigan Engineering. May 20, 2016. Retrieved 2021-02-10. "U-M research: New plastic ... He established that, similarly to many proteins and other biomolecules, nanoparticles can self-organize into chains, sheets, ... "Nicholas A. Kotov , Michigan Engineering". Engin.umich.edu. Retrieved 2013-10-08. "acs.org". cen.acs.org. Retrieved 2021-02-10 ... David Turnbull Lectureship Recipients Nanoscale Science and Engineering Forum Award 2020 National Academy of Inventors 2020 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicholas_A._Kotov

ISBN 978-0-07-062003-2. National Research Council (U.S.). Committee on Materials Science and Engineering: Forging Stronger ... Excellence for Enabling Eco-Efficient Beneficiation of Minerals ARC Centre of Excellence for Innovations in Peptide and Protein ... in Cognition and its Disorders ARC Centre of Excellence for Core to Crust Fluid System ARC Centre of Excellence for Engineered ... for Australian Biodiversity and Heritage ARC Centre of Excellence for Climate Extremes ARC Centre of Excellence for Engineered ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Center_of_excellence

To develop, the larvae must be fed both nectar for carbohydrates and pollen for protein. Bumblebees feed nectar to the larvae ... McMasters, John H. (March-April 1989). "The flight of the bumblebee and related myths of entomological engineering". American ... who was an engineer. The conclusion was presumably based on the fact that the maximum possible lift produced by aircraft wings ... the statement is made in a distinctly disparaging tone aimed at putting down those know-it-all scientists and engineers who are ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bumblebee

In 2013, the De Koninck team reported the identification of a compound that restored the function of a protein called KCC2, and ... Division, Government of Canada, Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada, Communications (May 2018). "NSERC ... Another study, published in the journal Brain in 2013 further highlighted the importance of the KCC2 protein in neuropathic ... The discovery that the protein called brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is involved in the neuroimmune interactions ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yves_De_Koninck

... microbiologist and protein scientist Samuel Hunter Christie (1784-1865), physicist and mathematician G. Marius Clore FRS (born ... electrical engineer and physicist Alan R. Katritzky (1928-2014), chemist Janet Kear (1933-2004), ornithologist Frank Kearton ( ... engineer and physicist Harry Kroto (1939-2016), chemist. John Howard Kyan (1774-1850), inventor David Lack (1910-1973), ... electrical engineer Edward Turner Bennett (1797-1836), zoologist George Bentham (1800-1884), botanist Robert Bentley (1821-1893 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_British_scientists

In software engineering, learning-to-rank methods have been used for fault localization. For the convenience of MLR algorithms ... In computational biology for ranking candidate 3-D structures in protein structure prediction problem. In recommender systems ... Selecting and designing good features is an important area in machine learning, which is called feature engineering. There are ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Learning_to_rank

This method is particularly useful in biochemistry, where it is used to analyse details of protein folding and function. Laser ... a surface engineering process applied to mechanical components for reconditioning, repair work or hardfacing Photolithography ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_laser_applications

Protein condensates are subcellular structures that enrich and confine molecules in cells. This Review details how condensates ... can be engineered with responsiveness and on-demand functions, thus pushing cellular and metabolic engineering to a new level. ... along with the engineering approaches to manipulate their material properties and biological functions. With these advances, a ... Protein condensates are distinct structures assembled in living cells that concentrate molecules via phase separation in a ...

https://www.nature.com/articles/s41589-022-01203-3?error=cookies_not_supported&code=d92b0880-3992-4072-b303-2ce60c06ef07

... has successfully developed a new protein engineering system. ... has successfully developed a new protein engineering system. ... directed evolution is a method used in protein engineering that mimics the process of natural selection to steer proteins or ... "This achievement will lead to more exciting applications in protein engineering, enzyme production and downstream processing. ... The BENNY system will benefit the entire protein engineering community by significantly reducing the resources required (time, ...

https://www.sheffield.ac.uk/cbe/news/protein-engineering-china

A Chemical Approach for Programmable Protein Outputs Based on Engineered Cell Interactions. ...

https://www.merck.com/publication/a-chemical-approach-for-programmable-protein-outputs-based-on-engineered-cell-interactions-2/

Protein Engineering Market Analysis, By Product (Instruments, Consumables, Software and Services), By Type (Monoclonal ... Protein Engineering Market. Protein Engineering Market Analysis, By Product (Instruments, Consumables, Software and Services), ...

https://www.reportsanddata.com/request-latest-insight/3369

Medical student engineers protein to dissolve blood clots. How the brain keeps extra calories from becoming extra pounds ... A protein inhibitor called alpha 2-antiplasmin in blood stops the clot-busting effects of plasmin. Unfortunately, the quick ... To achieve his goal, Turner engineered a new form of plasmin. Turners discovery has implications for treatment of strokes and ...

https://news.harvard.edu/gazette/story/2002/08/medical-student-engineers-protein-to-dissolve-blood-clots/

Engineers in Israel have figured out how to use protein molecules from poplars to improve computer memory. The technique uses ... silica nanoparticles combined with poplar proteins, according to researchers at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem. ... Engineers in Israel have figured out how to use protein molecules from poplars to improve computer memory. The technique uses ... Poplar Science: Custom Proteins Drawn from Genetically Engineered Trees Expand Silicon Chips Memory Capacity. In the future, ...

https://www.popsci.com/science/article/2010-07/poplar-science-leads-better-computers/

Provides protein engineers with tools to assess the atomistic implications of their mutations. ...

https://simtk.org/tracker/?atid=1608&group_id=844&func=add

In this article: dna, genetic engineering, GeneticEngineering, genetics, mineral, minerals, organic, organics, protein, ... UCSB engineers proteins that make silicon, leads hipsters to insist on organically-grown computers. ... Researchers at the University of California, Santa Barbara plan to break that silence with genetically engineered proteins that ... the thriving proteins can produce not only substantial minerals, but whole fiber sheets. Much work is left to get the proteins ...

https://www.engadget.com/2012-06-08-ucsb-engineers-proteins-that-make-silicon-leads-hipsters-to-ins.html

... protein engineering and design, and proteomics to solve structures of key molecular players that drive cancer, and to map their ... We also use protein engineering and design to develop novel proteins that could serve as sensors, molecular biology tools, and ... The Polizzi Lab uses de novo protein design to better understand principles of protein-ligand interactions and design novel ... The Arthanari Lab is investigating protein-protein interactions (PPIs) involved in transcription and translation. ...

https://www.dana-farber.org/research/departments-centers-and-labs/integrative-research-centers/chemical-biology-program/structural-biology-and-proteomics/

... subunits with A-kinase anchoring proteins (AKAPs). Conventional reagents that universally disrupt PKA anchoring are patterned ... Engineering A-kinase anchoring protein (AKAP)-selective regulatory subunits of protein kinase A (PKA) through structure-based ... These engineered proteins represent a new class of reagents that can be used to dissect the contributions of different AKAP- ... We introduce a phage selection procedure that exploits high-resolution structural information to engineer RII mutants that are ...

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23625929/

Herein, the preparation of films composed of PBT or PBTAT and an engineered spider silk protein, (eADF4(C16)), that displays ... have potential application as pro-regenerative scaffolds for bone tissue engineering. ... enhanced levels of alkaline phosphatase activity suggesting that such composites have potential use for bone tissue engineering ... Biomineralization of Engineered Spider Silk Protein-Based Composite Materials for Bone Tissue Engineering by John G. Hardy ...

https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/9/7/560

UCLA physicists report a significant step toward a new approach to protein engineering. ... "We believe this approach to protein control can be applied to virtually any protein or protein complex." ... Physicists report advance toward a nanotechnology approach to protein engineering. (Nanowerk News) UCLA physicists report a ... of the protein, making the protein either active or inactive, Zocchi explained. ...

https://www.nanowerk.com/news/newsid=551.php

Soy protein ingredients remain in heightened demand in three specific business sectors to due nutritional value, supply-chain ... Because of this, the demand for vegan protein has surged, paving way for the consumption of soy protein. Since soy protein is ... Alternative Protein Market Research. 3 Business Sectors That Present Crucial Demand for Soy Protein Ingredients. By Vinisha ... Examining the protein ingredients in animal feed, soy protein concentrate is the most common ingredient used in feed for young ...

https://www.foodengineeringmag.com/articles/100685-3-business-sectors-that-present-crucial-demand-for-soy-protein-ingredients

Platform of Protein Engineering (PPE). Platform of Protein Engineering (PPE) - UMR INRAE-UL 1136 IAM. Manager: Tiphaine ... protein-protein, metal ion-protein, protein-small molecule, …) such that the dissociation constant (Kd), the reaction ... Protein engineering is to understand the relationship between the three-dimensional structure of proteins and their functions ... FPLC (Fast Protein Liquid Chromatography) is a semi-automated liquid chromatography technology. The ÄKTA Purifier-is equipped ...

https://mycor.nancy.inra.fr/IAM/?page_id=6140

... protein nanoparticles, cell guidance, 2D engineering, fibroblasts, microcontact printing, tissue engineering ... findings prove the potential of surface patterning with functional IBs as protein-based nanomaterials for tissue engineering. ... A deep statistical data treatment of fibroblasts cultivated on supports patterned with green fluorescent protein and human ... are used for the 2D engineering of biological interfaces at the microscale. ...

https://icmab.es/two-dimensional-microscale-engineering-of-protein-based-nanoparticles-for-cell-guidance

It could be applied in many areas, such as trapping protein-protein interactions, conducting protein labeling, and controlling ... The function of a protein can be controlled or mediated by the association of another protein. In Chapter 1, a short review on ... In Chapter 3, the barnase-bastar pair was used as a second model for evolving orthogonal protein pairs with our two-hybrid ... In Chapter 5, a styrene-derived lysine amino acid (KStyr) was site-specifically and efficiently incorporated into proteins in ...

https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/dissertations/AAI10102321/

... and folding of proteins, structure-function relationships and protein design principles. Engineered proteins are now ... Protein engineering is a rapidly evolving discipline, with much research currently focused on understanding the catalysis, ... Proteins in metabolism and interaction of organisms with the environment * Design of Carbohydrates and Glycomimetics as ... Advances in technology and genetic and chemical techniques have enabled a competitive edge in developing improved protein and ...

https://www.muni.cz/en/research/publications/964145

Here the authors report a protein-engineering framework based on InDel mutagenesis and fragment transplantation resulting in ... Protein dynamics are often invoked in explanations of enzyme catalysis, but their design has proven elusive. Here we track the ... Synthetic biology-guided engineering of Pseudomonas putida for biofluorination * Decoding the molecular principles of enzyme ... Screening for both activities reveals InDel mutations localized in three distinct regions that lead to altered protein dynamics ...

https://www.phil.muni.cz/en/research/publishing-and-editorial-activities-of-the-faculty/overview-of-publishing-and-scientific-activities/1802217

Protein engineering of dihydrofolate reductase. pH dependence of Phe-31 mutants. K. Taira, J. T. Chen, C. A. Fierke, S. J. ... Protein engineering of dihydrofolate reductase. pH dependence of Phe-31 mutants. / Taira, K.; Chen, J. T.; Fierke, C. A. et al. ... Protein engineering of dihydrofolate reductase. pH dependence of Phe-31 mutants. In: Bulletin of the Chemical Society of Japan ... Protein engineering of dihydrofolate reductase. pH dependence of Phe-31 mutants. Bulletin of the Chemical Society of Japan. ...

https://pennstate.pure.elsevier.com/en/publications/protein-engineering-of-dihydrofolate-reductase-ph-dependence-of-p

Global protein engineering market expected to generate around USD 2,595 million by 2024, at a CAGR of around 15.5% between 2019 ... Global Protein Engineering Market: Protein Type overview *7.1.1. Global Protein Engineering Market revenue share, by Protein ... The U.S. Protein Engineering Market revenue, by Protein Type, 2016-2024 (USD Million). 11. The U.S. Protein Engineering Market ... UK Protein Engineering Market revenue, by Protein Type, 2016-2024 (USD Million). 23. UK Protein Engineering Market revenue, by ...

https://www.zionmarketresearch.com/report/protein-engineering-market

The engineered protein sequences are derived from the naturally occurring extracellular matrix proteins elastin and fibronectin ... While each engineered protein contains identical CS5 cell-binding domain sequences, the lysine residues that serve as cross- ... Cell-Binding Domain Context Affects Cell Behavior on Engineered Proteins Sarah C. Heilshorn,†, Julie C. Liu,† and, and David A ... Supporting figures include 1. Cell resistance to detachment forces on engineered proteins adsorbed to glass substrates, 2. ...

https://authors.library.caltech.edu/53712/

Membraneless Organelles Built from Engineered Assemblies of Intrinsically Disordered Proteins. Fig. 1. A. Sequence of ... 1SPLIT: Stable Protein Coacervation using a Light Induced Transition. Ellen H. Reed, Benjamin S. Schuster, Matthew C. Good, ... The SuperSeed labs of Hammer and Good designed a disordered protein material called SPLIT capable of self-assembly into ... 2Identifying Sequence Perturbations to an Intrinsically Disordered Protein that Determine Its Phase Separation Behavior. ...

https://www.lrsm.upenn.edu/highlight/membraneless-organelles-built-from-engineered-assemblies-of-intrinsically-disordered-proteins/

PhD at the University of Hong Kong in protein and stem cell engineering at University of Hong Kong, listed on FindAPhD.com ... PhD at the University of Hong Kong in protein and stem cell engineering. University of Hong Kong School of Biomedical Sciences ... By protein engineering, we can switch and drastically improve the function of factors the give cells new identities. To advance ... PhD at the University of Hong Kong in protein and stem cell engineering. ...

https://www.findaphd.com/phds/project/phd-at-the-university-of-hong-kong-in-protein-and-stem-cell-engineering/?p125459

"Glycomics is a minor field compared to the study of proteins: More researchers are focused on proteins since the main targets ... Neelamegham, PhD, UB Distinguished Professor in chemical and biological engineering, biomedical engineering, and medicine, is ... particularly those attached to the spike protein at sites known as N61 and N801, and N-glycan chaperone proteins in tuning SARS ... particularly those attached to the spike protein at sites known as N61 and N801, and N-glycan chaperone proteins in tuning SARS ...

https://www.buffalo.edu/shared-facilities-equip/news.host.html/content/shared/university/news/news-center-releases/2022/09/025.detail.html

An engineered monomer binding-protein for α-synuclein efficiently inhibits the proliferation of amyloid fibrils. ... An engineered monomer binding-protein for α-synuclein efficiently inhibits the proliferation of amyloid fibrils ... An engineered monomer binding-protein for α-synuclein efficiently inhibits the proliferation of amyloid fibrils ... 2019) An engineered monomer binding-protein for -synuclein efficiently inhibits the nucleation of amyloid fibrils OSF. ...

https://elifesciences.org/articles/46112v2

... donors enable rapid alterations of proteins in vitro or in vivo for protein labeling and dynamic visualization, neural-circuit- ... They demonstrate that universal CRISPR-Cas9-based homology-independent universal genome engineering (HiUGE) ... specific protein modification, subcellular rerouting and sequestration, and truncation-based structure-function analysis. ... A new Soderling Lab paper reports a simplified approach for flexibly tagging endogenous proteins in vitro & in vivo. ...

https://www.neuro.duke.edu/news/plug-and-play-protein-modification-using-homology-independent-universal-genome-engineering

... single protein mechanics-and engineering. Combined, single molecule atomic force microscopy and protein engineering efforts are ... Mechanical Engineering of Elastomeric Proteins: Toward Designing New Protein Building Blocks for Biomaterials. ... Mechanical Engineering of Elastomeric Proteins: Toward Designing New Protein Building Blocks for Biomaterials. ... Mechanical Engineering of Elastomeric Proteins: Toward Designing New Protein Building Blocks for Biomaterials ...

http://www.chem.ubc.ca/mechanical-engineering-elastomeric-proteins-toward-designing-new-protein-building-blocks

Evaluating the spatial and temporal protein production in neural tissue engineering constructs in vitro. / Addington, Caroline ... Evaluating the spatial and temporal protein production in neural tissue engineering constructs in vitro. In Extracellular ... Evaluating the spatial and temporal protein production in neural tissue engineering constructs in vitro. Extracellular Matrix. ... Dive into the research topics of Evaluating the spatial and temporal protein production in neural tissue engineering ...

https://asu.pure.elsevier.com/en/publications/evaluating-the-spatial-and-temporal-protein-production-in-neural--2

Synthetic circRNAs and some endogenous circRNAs can encode proteins, raising the promise of circRNA as a platform for gene ... Engineering circular RNA for enhanced protein production Nat Biotechnol. 2022 Jul 18. doi: 10.1038/s41587-022-01393-0. Online ... Synthetic circRNAs and some endogenous circRNAs can encode proteins, raising the promise of circRNA as a platform for gene ... In this study, we developed a systematic approach for rapid assembly and testing of features that affect protein production ...

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/35851375/

Genetically Engineered Microbe Produces New Proteins. January 21, 2018. · by Vadim Caraiman · 0 ... The microbe is capable of reading all its 6 base pairs and it seems to be producing proteins that couldnt be found elsewhere ... The findings of this experiment if can be replicated on a larger scale can rewrite everything we know about how proteins work ... a cell is capable of creating the proteins needed for building a life form. ...

https://www.healththoroughfare.com/science/genetically-engineered-microbe-produces-new-proteins/3400

Researchers at the University of California, Santa Barbara plan to break that silence with genetically engineered proteins that can make silicon dioxide or titanium dioxide structures like those used in the computer chips and solar cells that we hold dear. (engadget.com)
The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention is conducting an investigation to gather information from people who reported adverse health events after eating corn products containing the genetically engineered protein, Cry9C. (cdc.gov)
A new blood test is being considered for development to detect antibodies against the genetically engineered protein Cry9C. (cdc.gov)
The goal of this investigation is to help answer the question of whether or not corn products containing the genetically engineered protein Cry9C can potentially cause allergic reactions when eaten by people. (cdc.gov)
Monoclonal antibodies are genetically engineered chimeric murine-human immunoglobulins directed against proteins involved in cell cycle initiation. (medscape.com)
Rituximab is a genetically engineered chimeric murine/human monoclonal antibody (immunoglobulin G1 [IgG1] kappa) against CD20 antigen on the surface of normal and malignant B cells. (medscape.com)
Instead, a carrier called a vector is genetically engineered to carry and deliver the material. (medlineplus.gov)

The nanoparticles attach to the inner pore of the protein, and the poplar pores are arranged in an array of molecular memory elements. (popsci.com)
We also use protein engineering and design to develop novel proteins that could serve as sensors, molecular biology tools, and, potentially, new biologics. (dana-farber.org)
UCLA physicists controlled enzyme complex Protein Kinase A PKA's regulatory subunit (green & red) through a molecular spring (light blue). (nanowerk.com)
Zocchi's group first demonstrated mechanical control of protein conformation last year, when the physicists attached a controllable molecular spring, made of a short piece of DNA, to a protein and used it to inhibit its function. (nanowerk.com)
Screening for both activities reveals InDel mutations localized in three distinct regions that lead to altered protein dynamics (based on crystallographic B-factors, hydrogen exchange, and molecular dynamics simulations). (muni.cz)
A molecular model shows the heavily glycosylated SARS-CoV-2 spike protein (cyan, with glycans in grey and other colors) bound to the cellular ACE2 receptor (yellow). (buffalo.edu)
Combined, single molecule atomic force microscopy and protein engineering efforts are well under way to understand molecular determinants for the mechanical stability of elastomeric proteins and to develop methodologies to tune the mechanical properties of proteins in a rational and systematic fashion, which will lead to the 'mechanical engineering' of elastomeric proteins. (ubc.ca)
To further improve our understanding of the molecular mechanisms by which proteins are cell surface attached, in Chapter 4, I discuss the crystal structure of the Staphylococcus aureus class B sortase covalently bound to a substrate analog. (escholarship.org)
A molecular chaperone is defined as protein that helps another protein to acquire its functional form. (edu.hk)
What were those long-tube protein molecular-chemistry factories called? (diyhpl.us)
Molecular engineering strategies for visualizing low-affinity protein complexes. (bioscience.fi)
Scientists from the University of Würzburg discovered new molecular details of self-assembly of a spider silk fibre protein. (phys.org)
This School will add further momentum to the growth of academic and research programs in Cellular and Molecular Biology, Health-care Technology, Computational biology and Drug Design and Delivery and to initiate new research activities in the interdisciplinary areas of bioscience and engineering disciplines. (iitkgp.ac.in)
Recent research on small chaperone proteins suggests the possibility of a molecular switch, which, if modified, would greatly increase the protein's effectiveness and specificity in targeting misfolded alpha-synuclein. (experiment.com)
Respiratory sensitizers, such as natural proteins or low-molecular-weight reactive chemicals acting as haptens, may induce occupational asthma through immunoglob- ulin E (IgE)-dependent mechanisms. (cdc.gov)
Of the approximately 400 known causes of occupational asthma, most are high-molecular- weight protein sensitizers, whereas fewer than 30 are low-molecular-weight agents or reactive chemicals. (cdc.gov)
Lateral flow assay and ELISA techniques gave consistent results for IgG/IgM antibody measurements towards spike and nucleocapsid proteins, suggesting that both methods can be used to detect COVID-19 where access to molecular test kits is difficult. (who.int)

Protein condensates are distinct structures assembled in living cells that concentrate molecules via phase separation in a confined subcellular compartment. (nature.com)
Engineers in Israel have figured out how to use protein molecules from poplars to improve computer memory. (popsci.com)
The trick, the university's Daniel Morse found, is to attach silica-forming DNA to plastic beads that are in turn soaked in the silicon or titanium molecules they're looking for: after some not-so-natural selection for the best genes, the thriving protein s can produce not only substantial minerals, but whole fiber sheets. (engadget.com)
PKA, a complex of four protein molecules, contains two regulatory subunits and two catalytic subunits. (nanowerk.com)
proteins are regulated by other molecules that bind to their surface, inducing a change of conformation, or distortion in the shape, of the protein, making the protein either active or inactive, Zocchi explained. (nanowerk.com)
The new knowledge gleaned from these analyses is the applied to re-engineer driver molecules that change cell states in order to more effectively manipulate cells in a dish. (findaphd.com)
The Stanford approach is grounded on the fact that all biological processes are driven by the interaction of proteins, the molecules that fit together in lock-and-key fashion to perform all the tasks required for living things to function. (futurism.com)
Class III MHC molecules include several proteins with other immune functions, such as cytokines, heat shock proteins, and parts of complement system. (medscape.com)
The technology employs natural post translational modifications found in human cells to site specifically create one or more aldehyde tags on protein molecules. (catalent.com)
While storage and release of lipids are major functions of adipocytes, the adipocyte also uses specific lipid molecules for intracellular signaling and uses a host of protein factors to communicate with essentially every organ system in the body. (diabetesjournals.org)
If the treatment is successful, the new gene delivered by the vector will make a functioning protein or the editing molecules will correct a DNA error and restore protein function. (medlineplus.gov)

Recombinant proteins can be produced and purified to investigate their physico-chemical properties, enzymatic mechanism as well as interactions with different ligands. (inra.fr)
Escherichia coli (E. coli) as heterologous host enables the recombinant expression of the desired protein in high amounts. (altmetric.com)
The recombinant enzyme is a 21 kDa protein with polyhistidine (6xHis) tag, so it can be removed from the protease reaction solution through immobilized metal affinity chromatography (IMAC). (amidbiosciences.com)
Recombinant proteins. (bvsalud.org)

A few areas of interest are - regulation of transcription factors, DNA repair mechanisms, protein folding and mis-folding, intrinsically disordered proteins, enzyme catalysis and protein engineering. (iitkgp.ac.in)

Our laboratory studies the structures of membrane proteins important in homeostasis and signaling. (janelia.org)
We develop new tools in structural biology, namely MicroED as a new method for cryo EM, to facilitate the study of such membrane proteins to atomic resolution from vanishingly small crystals. (janelia.org)

Zocchi and UCLA physics graduate student Brian Choi report one representative example where the chemical mechanism by which the cell controls the function of its proteins can be effectively replaced, in vitro, by mechanical control. (nanowerk.com)
The fluorogenic reaction between KStyr and tetrazine was used to label proteins both in vitro and in vivo. (unl.edu)
A new Soderling Lab paper reports a simplified approach for flexibly tagging endogenous proteins in vitro & in vivo. (duke.edu)
They demonstrate that universal CRISPR-Cas9-based homology-independent universal genome engineering (HiUGE) donors enable rapid alterations of proteins in vitro or in vivo for protein labeling and dynamic visualization, neural-circuit-specific protein modification, subcellular rerouting and sequestration, and truncation-based structure-function analysis. (duke.edu)
Addington, CP, Pauken, C & Stabenfeldt, S 2014, Evaluating the spatial and temporal protein production in neural tissue engineering constructs in vitro . (elsevier.com)
Together, these design principles improve circRNA protein yields by several hundred-fold, provide increased translation over messenger RNA in vitro, provide more durable translation in vivo and are generalizable across multiple transgenes. (nih.gov)
Scientist Protein Engineering for a Research & Development driven biotech company in the Utrecht area, where you will be working on in silico and in vitro design of biological protein based pharmaceutical products! (oxfordcorp.com)
First, I will do the in vitro testing of candidate proteins using Thioflavin T assays. (experiment.com)

From left) Professor Wilson LAU, Research Assistant Mr. Stephen LEUNG, PhD student Ms. Chuanyang YU, in collaboration with Professor Liwen JIANG, have successfully uncovered the anti-aggregation mechanism of small heat shock proteins (sHsps) for the first time using the state-of-the-art single particle cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) technology. (edu.hk)
A research team from the School of Life Sciences at The Chinese University of Hong Kong (CUHK) has uncovered the anti-aggregation mechanism of small heat shock proteins (sHsps) and unveiled the structure of sHsps for the first time using the state-of-the-art single particle cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) technology. (edu.hk)
Small heat shock proteins are able to halt the PD advance. (experiment.com)

Synthetic circRNAs and some endogenous circRNAs can encode proteins, raising the promise of circRNA as a platform for gene expression. (nih.gov)
The Baculovirus Expression Vector System (BEVS), a mature foreign protein expression platform, has been available for decades, and has been effectively used in vaccine production , gene therapy , and a host of other applications. (bvsalud.org)
It also produces properly folded proteins with correct post-translational modifications , and can accommodate multi- gene - or large gene insertions . (bvsalud.org)
The two transgenic lambs entered the world armed with a human gene that gives them the ability to produce human serum albumin, a protein that is often used in surgeries and is essential to the treatment of burn victims. (wired.com)
How do you figure out how to alter a gene so that it makes a usefully different protein? (nanowerk.com)
Gene therapy involves the delivery of exogenous DNA into the target cells in order to produce therapeutic protein or to correct a genetic defect. (helsinki.fi)
A gene is a strand of chemical code, a sort of blueprint for proteins and other substances necessary for life. (engineeringchallenges.org)
From this strain, we further characterized a new more potent antifungal non-sulfated analogue, named notonesomycin B. Through CRISPR-Cas9 engineering of the biosynthetic gene cluster, we were able to increase the production yield of notonesomycin B by up to 18-fold as well as generate a strain that exclusively produces this analogue. (biomedcentral.com)
Combining the understanding of biosynthetic gene clusters (BGCs) and improved ability to edit streptomycete genomes, combinatorial engineering of analogue libraries for the purpose of producing a final therapeutically relevant product can now be accomplished at a faster pace. (biomedcentral.com)
A lentiviral vector will insert a gene for the therapeutic protein for reduction of the aggregation phenotype. (experiment.com)
Gene therapy works by altering the genetic code to recover the functions of critical proteins. (medlineplus.gov)
If an altered gene causes a necessary protein to be faulty or missing, gene transfer therapy can introduce a normal copy of the gene to recover the function of the protein. (medlineplus.gov)
Alternatively, the therapy can introduce a different gene that provides instructions for a protein that helps the cell function normally, despite the genetic alteration. (medlineplus.gov)
In the present study a quantitative comparison of amino acid sequence from envelope-nonstructural protein 1 gene junction region of 10 dengue virus type 2 (DEN-2) isolates from Delhi with 12 DEN-2 isolates from diverse geographical areas and hosts provided sufficient information for estimating genetic relationships. (who.int)
COVID-19 can be diagnosed by detection of RNA gene targets (e.g., spike protein (S), an envelope protein (E), nucleocapsid protein (N), RNA-dependent RNA polymerase enzyme, and ORF1 gene) (4-6) either by nucleic acid amplification testing or detection of virus-specific proteins by antigen testing (7,8). (who.int)
E), nucleocapsid protein (N), RNA-dependent RNA drome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) causes coronavirus polymerase enzyme, and ORF1 gene) (4-6) either by disease 2019 (COVID-19), which was declared a pandemic nucleic acid amplification testing or detection of virus- on 11 March 2020, because of its rapid spread around the specific proteins by antigen testing (7,8) . (who.int)

Protein engineering is a rapidly evolving discipline, with much research currently focused on understanding the catalysis, specificity, stability, and folding of proteins, structure-function relationships and protein design principles. (muni.cz)
However, bacterial protein display is not widely used in industrial settings, in part due to factors that limit the number and stability of displayed proteins. (escholarship.org)
Lastly, I created a cell surface display system described in Chapter 5, and elucidated factors affecting surface protein stability in Bacillus subtilis. (escholarship.org)
This study identified conditions that enable stable surface protein display up to two days, and explore the importance of different extracellular proteases on surface protein stability. (escholarship.org)
Combined, this work furthers the development of Gram-positive bacterial systems for surface display by elucidating the mechanism of covalent cell surface protein attachment, and by identifying cellular and solution conditions that improve the stability of proteins on the surface of B. subtilis. (escholarship.org)
As the demand for biotechnology increases, there has been a concomitant effort into optimizing yield, stability and protein glycosylation through genetic engineering and the manipulation of baculovirus vector and host cells . (bvsalud.org)
The proprietary SMARTag site-specific protein modification and cytotoxin-linker technologies developed by Redwood enable the generation of homogenous bioconjugates engineered to enhance potency, safety and stability. (catalent.com)

Here we develop CRISPR-engineered mouse lines that enable rapid and highly specific degradation of tagged endogenous proteins in vivo . (elifesciences.org)
This generalisable approach provides unprecedented temporal control over the dose of endogenous proteins in mouse models, with implications for studying essential biological pathways and modelling drug activity in mammalian tissues. (elifesciences.org)

Genetic code expansion allows us to site-specifically introduce the unnatural amino acids with diverse chemical functional groups into the protein. (unl.edu)
Advances in technology and genetic and chemical techniques have enabled a competitive edge in developing improved protein and peptide based therapeutics with reduced immunogenicity, improved safety and greater effectiveness. (muni.cz)
This genetic code is naturally made of only 4 base pairs, named by scientists as A, T, G, and C. Using these pairs, a cell is capable of creating the proteins needed for building a life form. (healththoroughfare.com)
To get around this long-standing obstacle, Bowen and co-authors added a short genetic sequence to the silk DNA that promotes a chemical reaction between the resulting proteins, fusing them together to form an even bigger protein, bigger than has ever been produced and purified before. (wustl.edu)
Cell surface associated activity was examined in different genetic backgrounds, revealing solution conditions and strain-specific factors that affect protein display. (escholarship.org)
The current work not only provides a structural framework for understanding the functional properties of Hsp21 and sHsps in general, but also could form a basis and provide reference for genetic engineering of heat-resistant food crops to fight global climate change. (edu.hk)
Genetic engineering of baculovirus-insect cell system to improve protein production. (bvsalud.org)
Described in a new paper published in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences ( 'Interpretable modeling of genotype-phenotype landscapes with state-of-the-art predictive power' ), LANTERN shows the ability to predict the genetic edits needed to create useful differences in three different proteins. (nanowerk.com)
They used genetic engineering to exchange individual moieties of building blocks and modified the protein chemically using fluorescent dyes. (phys.org)
Engineers are developing new systems to use genetic information, sense small changes in the body, assess new drugs, and deliver vaccines. (engineeringchallenges.org)
Auxin-inducible degrons are a chemical genetic tool for targeted protein degradation and are widely used to study protein function in cultured mammalian cells. (elifesciences.org)
By combining ligand titrations with genetic crosses to generate animals with different allelic combinations, we show that degradation kinetics depend upon the dose of the tagged protein, ligand, and the E3 ligase substrate receptor TIR1. (elifesciences.org)
Considerable amount of interdisciplinary research is underway involving various Departments, Centers and Schools such as Biotechnology, Medical Science & Technology, Advanced Laboratory for Plant Genetic Engineering, Agriculture & Food Engineering, Mechanical/Chemical Engineering as well as the basic science departments of Chemistry and Physics. (iitkgp.ac.in)
1998. " Implementing Genetic Algorithms With Sterical Constraints For Protein Structure Prediction " . (uni-heidelberg.de)
Topics include DNA and protein synthesis, genetic engineering, and DNA fingerprinting. (skylinecollege.edu)
For Dr. McLellan and his team of researchers, the game-changer for the MERS vaccine came with determining, through genetic engineering, how to lock the spike protein in the shape it takes before combining with a human cell. (medlineplus.gov)
The instructions for making proteins are carried in a person's genetic code, and variants (or mutations) in this code can impact the production or function of proteins that may be critical to how the body works. (medlineplus.gov)
Fixing or compensating for disease-causing genetic changes may recover the role of these important proteins and allow the body to function as expected. (medlineplus.gov)
Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (CIGB), Havana. (who.int)

Materials based on biodegradable polyesters, such as poly(butylene terephthalate) (PBT) or poly(butylene terephthalate- co -poly(alkylene glycol) terephthalate) (PBTAT), have potential application as pro-regenerative scaffolds for bone tissue engineering. (mdpi.com)
These findings prove the potential of surface patterning with functional IBs as protein-based nanomaterials for tissue engineering. (icmab.es)
Tissue engineering constructs are uniquely positioned not only for in vivo regenerative therapeutic applications but also to evaluate cellular responses to modifications in finely tuned three-dimensional (3-D) microenvironments as opposed to traditional two-dimensional (2-D) culture systems. (elsevier.com)
Here, we describe methods to evaluate spatial and temporal protein production in neural tissue engineering construct. (elsevier.com)
IMSEAR at SEARO: Augmentation of residual alveolar bone height with tissue engineering for dental implant placement. (who.int)

We offer a complete portfolio of protein engineering related services such as DNA sequence design, high-throughput protein expression and purification, characterisation and appropriate functional assays. (rodonbiologics.com)
In particular, we developed 2 IA assays, in which the engineered antigens were used either as capture (F1 format) or detector (F2 format), resulting in slight difference in sensitivity and specificity. (cdc.gov)

Vendruscolo, M. & Fuxreiter, M. Sequence determinants of the aggregation of proteins within condensates generated by liquid-liquid phase separation. (nature.com)
Endothelial cells adhere specifically to the CS5 sequence in both of these proteins, but cell adhesion and spreading are more robust on proteins in which the lysine residues are confined to the terminal regions of the chain. (caltech.edu)
These results may be due to altered protein conformations that affect either the accessibility of the CS5 sequence or its affinity for the α_4β_1 integrin receptor on the endothelial cell surface. (caltech.edu)
2 Identifying Sequence Perturbations to an Intrinsically Disordered Protein that Determine Its Phase Separation Behavior. (upenn.edu)
The DNA sequence was modeled after the sequence in spiders that is responsible for creating the silk protein. (wustl.edu)
In theory, the more repetitions of the sequence, the bigger the resulting protein. (wustl.edu)
Besides the recognition sequence, the secondary and tertiary structures of the fusion protein influence on substrate recognition and cleavage. (amidbiosciences.com)
2003. " Manifold: Protein Fold Recognition Based On Secondary Structure, Sequence Similarity And Enzyme Classification " . (uni-heidelberg.de)

Protein dynamics are often invoked in explanations of enzyme catalysis, but their design has proven elusive. (muni.cz)

In particular, we highlight recent advances in mining and understanding the proteinaceous components for creating designer condensates, along with the engineering approaches to manipulate their material properties and biological functions. (nature.com)
Here we show the macroscopic responses of cells when nanoscale profiles made with inclusion bodies (IBs) are used for the 2D engineering of biological interfaces at the microscale. (icmab.es)
Protein-protein interactions (PPIs) are essential in many biological processes, such as cell cycle, metabolic engineering, and environment sensing. (unl.edu)
All are in the Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, and Neelamegham is also a faculty member in biomedical engineering and medicine. (buffalo.edu)
Qi Yang, a UB PhD student in chemical and biological engineering, is first author. (buffalo.edu)
Elastomeric proteins are subject to stretching force under biological settings and play important roles in regulating the mechanical properties of a wide range of biological machinery. (ubc.ca)
As Scientist Protein Engineering you will work in a cutting edge R&D team that focusses on developing new biological, protein based products such as antigens, peptides and vaccines! (oxfordcorp.com)
Synthetic biology involves applying the principles of engineering and chemical design to biological systems and includes two closely-related capabilities both of which may have wide utility in commerce and medicine. (cdc.gov)
Mathematics And Engineering Techniques In Medicine And Biological Sciences (Metmbs) , 233-238. (uni-heidelberg.de)

Researchers have developed a new 'bacterial extracellular protein secretion system' (BENNY). (sheffield.ac.uk)
The technique uses silica nanoparticles combined with poplar proteins, according to researchers at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem . (popsci.com)
Specifically, they show how an enzyme complex called Protein Kinase A (PKA) - which plays a fundamental role in the cell's signaling and metabolic pathways, and is controlled in the cell by a ubiquitous messenger molecule called cyclic AMP - can instead be controlled mechanically by a nanodevice that the researchers attached to the enzyme complex. (nanowerk.com)
The researchers found that several of these N-glycans - in particular those attached to the spike protein at sites known as N61 and N801 - are likely critical for SARS-CoV-2 function. (buffalo.edu)
Researchers in the School of Engineering & Applied Science at Washington University in St. Louis have engineered bacteria that produce a biosynthetic spider silk with performance on par with its natural counterparts in all of the important measures. (wustl.edu)
This allows researchers to finely tune characteristics such as solubility in water, which can be used to develop novel methods to purify protein samples or deliver drugs by converting them into polymers. (duke.edu)
A team of Stanford researchers has developed a protein therapy that disrupts the process that causes cancer cells to break away from original tumor sites, travel through the blood stream and start aggressive new growths elsewhere in the body. (futurism.com)
In collaboration with Professor Amato Giaccia, who heads the Radiation Biology Program in Stanford's Cancer Center, the researchers gave intravenous treatments of this bioengineered decoy protein to mice with aggressive breast and ovarian cancers. (futurism.com)
Protein crystallography captures the interaction of two proteins in a solid form, allowing researchers to take X-ray-like images of how the atoms in each protein bind together. (futurism.com)
Nanowerk News ) Researchers at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) have developed a new statistical tool that they have used to predict protein function. (nanowerk.com)
They will be addressed by the collaborative efforts of researchers from many disciplines, from geneticists to clinical specialists to engineers. (engineeringchallenges.org)

Engineered proteins are now successfully being used in biotechnology and in therapeutic settings. (muni.cz)
Explores concepts, design, and practical applications of engineered proteins, cells, and organisms as research tools and in therapeutic applications. (ucsc.edu)
This involves creating therapeutic proteins in fusion with the latency‐associated peptide (LAP) from the cytokine TGF‐β to generate proteins that are biologically inactive until cleavage of the LAP to release the therapy. (brighton.ac.uk)
however there seems to be therapeutic promise in targeting the protein aggregation itself. (experiment.com)
The experiments will show the feasibility of chaperone protein engineering as a viable Parkinson's therapeutic. (experiment.com)

However, moving into a 3-D system presents complications of assessing spatial and temporal alterations in cellular behavior (e.g., protein synthesis, motility, etc. (elsevier.com)
These operations are made possible by recent advances in DNA synthesis and DNA sequencing, providing standardized DNA "parts," modular protein assemblies, and engineering models. (cdc.gov)

The engineered protein sequences are derived from the naturally occurring extracellular matrix proteins elastin and fibronectin. (caltech.edu)
While each engineered protein contains identical CS5 cell-binding domain sequences, the lysine residues that serve as cross-linking sites are either (i) within the elastin cassettes or (ii) confined to the ends of the protein. (caltech.edu)
The award marks the fourth such grant Chilkoti has received for his work on elastin fusion proteins, which is now entering its 13th consecutive year of funding. (duke.edu)

To this end we have engineered the β-wrapin AS69 to bind monomeric α-synuclein with high affinity. (elifesciences.org)
Binding by DNA addresses or other high affinity ligand specific techniques, for a stable toolbox of known protein structures and shapes and building up larger structures from small parts. (diyhpl.us)
One of the remarkable things about this work is the binding affinity of the decoy protein,' said Lemke, a noted authority on Axl and Gas6 who was not part of the Stanford experiments. (futurism.com)
Many proteins, however, exhibit some affinity for both dsDNA and ssDNA. (elsevier.com)
Our FRET sensor is a single polypeptide consisting serially of a full-length GPCR, a FRET acceptor fluorophore (mCitrine), an ER/K SPASM (systematic protein affinity strength modulation) linker, a FRET donor fluorophore (mCerulean), and a Gα C-terminal peptide. (umn.edu)

They first identified a substrate (a protein molecule upon which a chaperone acts on) of Hsp21, an enzyme called 1-deoxy-D-xylulose 5-phosphate synthase (DXPS), and then solved three-dimensional structures of Hsp21, DXPS and the Hsp21-DXPS complex, at unprecedented resolution, using cryo-EM of single particles combined with advanced computational image processing algorithms. (edu.hk)
connect multiple legos together to build large-scale protein structures. (diyhpl.us)
protein structures that have internal logic and state, based on mechanical motion or other catalytic reactions and interactions. (diyhpl.us)
Learn about Dr. Zata Vickers's research to develop muscle-like structures from pulse proteins to improve the texture of plant-based meat. (gfi.org)

Here the current status of these experimental efforts is discussed and the successes and challenges in constructing novel proteins with tailored nanomechanical proteins are highlighted. (ubc.ca)

These antigens will be delivered in planned preclinical and clinical trials using Inovio's delivery system, as well as in combination with an engineered protein to drive broader vaccine immunity. (infectioncontroltoday.com)

In antibody engineering we provide services such as isotype switching, humanisation and manufacturing of fragment and multispecific antibodies formats. (rodonbiologics.com)
During our 10-week summer internship program, you'll join our antibody & protein engineering team who , through a variety of techniques, focus their efforts on antibody candidates as therapeutics or critical reagents. (employbl.com)
Redwood Bioscience is developing a precision protein-chemical engineering technology to produce next-generation antibody-drug conjugates and other semi-synthetic biotherapeutics. (catalent.com)

Hybrid products are a promising means to improve the cost and sustainability of animal-derived meat while improving the taste of plant proteins. (gfi.org)

Low temperature cleavage of fusion proteins. (amidbiosciences.com)
Removal of purification tags from fusion proteins. (amidbiosciences.com)

A new study highlights the critical role of N-glycans, particularly those attached to the spike protein at sites known as N61 and N801, and N-glycan chaperone proteins in tuning SARS-CoV-2 infectivity. (buffalo.edu)
Chaperone proteins represent the cell's own response to misfolded proteins. (experiment.com)
This project intends to ID modifications to chaperone proteins to tailor them to target misfolded alpha synuclein. (experiment.com)
We base our ideas on prior work with larger chaperone proteins, such as modifications to HSP104 . (experiment.com)
This optimized chaperone will be chosen to have higher performance in refolding A-synuclein than the native, endogenous chaperone proteins. (experiment.com)
The essence of this project is to use the chaperone proteins themselves, albeit in a potentiated (i.e. structurally modified) fashion. (experiment.com)

We propose that this structure-directed evolution strategy might be generally applicable for the investigation of other protein interaction surfaces. (nih.gov)
It allows the selection of orthogonal protein interaction pairs. (unl.edu)
Finally, the interaction of light with soluble proteins disclosed that the domain assembles in two discrete steps. (phys.org)
This experimental design detects small changes in FRET indicative of proteinprotein interactions, and can also be used to compare the strength of interaction across ligands and GPCR-G protein pairings. (umn.edu)

A family of artificial extracellular matrix proteins developed for application in small-diameter vascular grafts is used to examine the importance of cell-binding domain context on cell adhesion and spreading. (caltech.edu)
Amino acid choice outside the cell-binding domain can thus have a significant impact on the behavior of cells cultured on artificial extracellular matrix proteins. (caltech.edu)

The first report to create functional membraneless compartments using synthetic disordered proteins in prokaryotic Escherichia coli. (nature.com)
The success of our approach suggests that a strategy comprising (i) constructing a stable and evolvable template, (ii) mapping functional regions by backbone mutagenesis, and (iii) transplantation of dynamic features, can lead to functionally innovative proteins. (muni.cz)
We discovered that specific N-glycans seem to regulate the development and functional maturation of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein," Neelamegham says. (buffalo.edu)
In a non-stressed environment, proteins fold into a functional shape and structure in order to function correctly and control dynamic processes in living cells. (edu.hk)
Control over protein functional properties, such as catalytic domains and sites, as well as designing specific confirmational changes and control over conformation changes. (diyhpl.us)
It's a very neutral protein, with very slight bitterness, which could be easily overcome, and really functional, although I think the hero ingredient here is the culinary oil, which has a fatty mouthfeel… which is very beneficial in a lot of bakery applications and in beverage applications where you're trying to bring back some of the milkiness which is missing in some plant based milks. (foodnavigator-usa.com)
A lot of what we do is allergy-free bakery, so I'm always looking to replace eggs, so I like potato protein, which is expensive but highly functional. (foodnavigator-usa.com)

The Arthanari Lab is investigating protein-protein interactions (PPIs) involved in transcription and translation. (dana-farber.org)
The Polizzi Lab uses de novo protein design to better understand principles of protein-ligand interactions and design novel protein-based tools. (dana-farber.org)
It could be applied in many areas, such as trapping protein-protein interactions, conducting protein labeling, and controlling enzyme activities. (unl.edu)

In Chapter 5, a styrene-derived lysine amino acid (KStyr) was site-specifically and efficiently incorporated into proteins in both E. coli and mammalian cells. (unl.edu)

Thus, the "plug-and-play" nature of HiUGE enables high-throughput and modular analysis of mechanisms driving protein functions in cellular neurobiology. (duke.edu)
Tyrosine kinase enzymes are responsible for activating many proteins by signal transduction cascades, phosphorylation, and other mechanisms. (medscape.com)

Bone grafting gained an important tool with the discovery of bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs) in the 1960s. (bvsalud.org)
Nevertheless, fundamental aspects of BMP application such as the control of protein release throughout the process of bone repair are yet to be fully understood, with clinical guidelines for usage of the protein remaining uncertain. (bvsalud.org)
Although promising, the widespread use of bone morphogenetic proteins by implantologists and maxillofacial surgeons demands greater scientific support. (bvsalud.org)
One of our production partners in India, has actually been able to produce a 99.9% protein isolate based on a dry basis and that product is absolutely amazing, it's bone white and has no off flavors. (foodnavigator-usa.com)
Use of Bone Morphogentic Protein, especially rhBMP-2 has been met with high degree of success in deficient vertical alveolar height in a mandibular ridge. (who.int)

For more than a decade, Chilkoti and his team have investigated how to fuse strings of biomolecular building blocks called peptide sequences to proteins. (duke.edu)
Polymers can also be fused to protein or peptide drugs so that they are retained by the body for longer periods of time, improving their effectiveness. (duke.edu)
Cell surface display of proteins is a valuable biotechnological tool, with potential in various applications including peptide library screening, protein engineering, vaccine delivery, biosensing, and biocatalysis. (escholarship.org)

directed evolution is a method used in protein engineering that mimics the process of natural selection to steer proteins or nucleic acids toward a user-defined goal, it is one of the most widely used approaches in protein engineering. (sheffield.ac.uk)

We engineered the ZIKV nonstructural protein 1 (NS1) for sensitive serologic detection with low cross reactivity against dengue and developed monoclonal antibodies specific for the ZIKV NS1 antigen. (cdc.gov)
We aimed to develop specific serology tests that could differentiate ZIKV from DENV infections by engineering the ZIKV nonstructural protein 1 (NS1). (cdc.gov)

In you role you will focus on structural biology and bioinformatics, performing in silico experiments using various modelling programs such as Alphafold, to help you design novel protein pharmaceuticals. (oxfordcorp.com)
My group integrates approaches in structural biology, cellular biology, and protein engineering to study developmental receptor signaling. (bioscience.fi)

We thank Kathleen Di Zio for helpful discussion regarding protein purification, Paul Nowatzki for providing protein samples, the Electron Microscopy Laboratory in the Biology Division at Caltech and Robert Strittmatter for help with the scanning electron micrographs, and Krystle Wang, Gustavo Olm, and Regina Wilpiszeski for help with the BCA and cell detachment experiments. (caltech.edu)
Protein Expression and Purification. (elsevier.com)

Among the ~20,000 protein-coding genes in the human genome, it has been determined that a remarkably small number of conserved signaling systems (Notch, Wnt, Shh, Jak/Stat, RTK, TGF-β, NF-κB) control the vast majority of cell fate decisions. (bioscience.fi)
This group of genes code for proteins found on the surfaces of cells that help the immune system recognize foreign substances. (medscape.com)
Modification of existing genes in living animal and human cells is enabled by engineered nucleases such as meganucleases, zinc finger nucleases, transcription activator-like effector-based nucleases, and the CRISPR-Cas system. (cdc.gov)
But I'm also excited about all the work being done on genetics to take wild type genes and further tune not only the content of the protein, but sometimes the functionality. (foodnavigator-usa.com)
What is the prevalence of protein-truncating variants (PTVs) in the apolipoprotein B (APOB) or proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) genes and their association with low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol levels and coronary heart disease (CHD)? (cdc.gov)

Alberti, S. & Hyman, A. A. Biomolecular condensates at the nexus of cellular stress, protein aggregation disease and ageing. (nature.com)
sHsps are known as "housekeeping" proteins to prevent aggregation and unfolding from happening under heat stress condition. (edu.hk)
Aggregation of misfolded alpha synuclein protein is a key feature of Parkinson's Disease (PD), which afflicts 53 million globally. (experiment.com)

BUFFALO, N.Y. - If you're an avid reader of science news, you've probably heard of viral proteins such as the COVID-19 spike protein. (buffalo.edu)
In a new study, his team analyzed a subset of glycans called N-glycans, with a focus on N-glycans that are attached to the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein. (buffalo.edu)
This is important because the spike protein is very important for viral entry into host cells. (buffalo.edu)
The VLPs used in the research were designed to specifically prevent the formation of various N-glycans on the spike protein. (buffalo.edu)
While more research is needed to determine the exact reason why this happens, it's possible that N61 and/or N801 may play a role in helping to fold the spike protein into the proper configuration, Neelamegham says. (buffalo.edu)
understanding how changes in the DNA can alter this spike protein might help epidemiologists predict the future of the pandemic. (nanowerk.com)
However, it was very difficult to get an image of the MERS-CoV spike protein. (medlineplus.gov)
Basically, the MERS-CoV spike protein is a shape-shifter, making it challenging for scientists to capture a high-resolution image. (medlineplus.gov)
Its spike protein also transforms from one shape to another, like the one from MERS-CoV. (medlineplus.gov)
In 2016, Dr. Ward's lab used a technique called cryogenic electron microscopy to capture the first high-resolution image of this virus' spike protein. (medlineplus.gov)

Since soy protein is capable of providing all the amino acids required for human development, medical experts have begun recommending it as a potentially healthier substitute for meat. (foodengineeringmag.com)

Global protein engineering market expected to generate around USD 2,595 million by 2024, at a CAGR of around 15.5% between 2019 and 2024. (zionmarketresearch.com)

Based on technology, the global protein engineering market is segmented into rational protein design and irrational protein design. (zionmarketresearch.com)

Academic research institutes, pharmaceutical, and biotechnology companies, and contract research organizations comprise the end-user segment of the global protein engineering market. (zionmarketresearch.com)

Proteins that bind to the double strand will tend to stabilize dsDNA, and melting will occur at higher forces. (elsevier.com)
Proteins that bind to single stranded DNA (ssDNA) destabilize melting, provided that the rate of association is comparable to the pulling rate of the experiment. (elsevier.com)

Fig. 4: Synthetic protein condensates for cellular engineering. (nature.com)

Eventually, personalized medicine will be further informed by detailed understanding of the body's distinct repertoire of proteins (proteomics) and complete catalog of biochemical reactions (metabolomics). (engineeringchallenges.org)

We introduce a phage selection procedure that exploits high-resolution structural information to engineer RII mutants that are selective for a particular AKAP. (nih.gov)

Protein phase separation: a new phase in cell biology. (nature.com)
Biochemical and cell-based experiments validated the efficacy of RSelect proteins for AKAP2 and AKAP18. (nih.gov)
Protein engineering is to understand the relationship between the three-dimensional structure of proteins and their functions in order to determine their role in the living cell. (inra.fr)
Cell resistance to detachment forces on engineered proteins adsorbed to glass substrates, 2. (caltech.edu)
Cell resistance to detachment forces on engineered proteins with heptahistidine- and T7-tags removed. (caltech.edu)
Gram-positive bacteria may be especially suited for displaying proteins due to their rigid cell envelope and the wide diversity of known cell wall binding modules that can be used to decorate the cell surface. (escholarship.org)
In order to facilitate surface protein engineering efforts, work described in this dissertation seeks to define the mechanism of covalent protein attachment to Gram-positive cell surfaces, and to create a stabilized cell surface display system in the model Gram-positive bacterium Bacillus subtilis. (escholarship.org)
Focuses on established and novel strategies for protein and cell engineering. (ucsc.edu)
Semack, A, Malik, RU & Sivaramakrishnan, S 2016, ' G protein-selective GPCR conformations measured using FRET sensors in a live cell suspension fluorometer assay ', Journal of Visualized Experiments , vol. 2016, no. 115, e54696. (umn.edu)
Proteins are the workhorses of the cell and the structural basis of the body's tissues. (medlineplus.gov)

Fig. 3: Tools for controlling synthetic protein condensates in cells. (nature.com)
Reinkemeier, C. D. & Lemke, E. A. Synthetic biomolecular condensates to engineer eukaryotic cells. (nature.com)
A deep statistical data treatment of fibroblasts cultivated on supports patterned with green fluorescent protein and human basic fibroblast growth factor-derived IBs demonstrates that these cells preferentially adhere to the IB areas and align and elongate according to specific patterns. (icmab.es)
By protein engineering, we can switch and drastically improve the function of factors the give cells new identities. (findaphd.com)
Axl proteins stand like bristles on the surface of cancer cells, poised to receive biochemical signals from Gas6 proteins. (futurism.com)
When two Gas6 proteins link with two Axls, the signals that are generated enable cancer cells to leave the original tumor site, migrate to other parts of the body and form new cancer nodules. (futurism.com)
This decoy Axl latches on to Gas6 proteins in the blood stream and prevents them from linking with and activating the Axls present on cancer cells. (futurism.com)
Separating circulating cancer cells from blood cells for diagnostic, prognostic and treatment purposes may become much easier using an acoustic separation method and an inexpensive, disposable chip, according to a team of engineers. (engineeringchallenges.org)

To meet and exceed consumer demands for food, the farm has been a site of cutting edge breakthroughs in mechanical engineering, genetics, and chemistry. (nextnature.net)
Dr. San Martin is a professor of engineering with understanding of colloid chemistry, scaling up and costing of processing plants, and lab-to-market strategy. (gfi.org)

The prospect of employing such engineered artificial elastomeric proteins as building blocks for the construction of biomaterials for applications ranging from material sciences to biomedical engineering is also discussed. (ubc.ca)
Not only could it help with the difficult job of altering proteins in practically useful ways, but it also works by methods that are fully interpretable - an advantage over the conventional artificial intelligence (AI) that has aided with protein engineering in the past. (nanowerk.com)

Sensitive quantitative detection of disease-related proteins is critical to many areas of modern biochemical and biomedical research. (cdc.gov)

Elastomeric proteins also underlie the superb mechanical properties of many protein-based biomaterials. (ubc.ca)
The developments of single molecule force spectroscopy have enabled the direct characterization of the mechanical properties of elastomeric proteins at the single molecule level and led to the new burgeoning field of research: single protein mechanics-and engineering. (ubc.ca)

The reviews cover in extensive detail the different modes of protein display in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Escherichia coli, B. subtilis, Corynebacterium glutamicum, and lactic acid bacteria. (escholarship.org)

The new DNA vaccine will use a cutting-edge approach to enhance its potency by including encoded immune signals directly engineered into the vaccine. (infectioncontroltoday.com)

Irimpan Mathews, a protein crystallography expert at the SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, joined the research effort to help the team better understand the binding mechanism between the Axl decoy and Gas6. (futurism.com)
Allosteric regulation of protein function is a mechanism by which an event in one place of a protein structure causes an effect at another site, much like the behavior of a telecommunications network in which a collection of transmitters, receivers and transceivers communicate with each other across long distances. (montclair.edu)
The mechanism of this site-to-site communication is of great interest, especially since allosteric effects must be considered in drug design and protein engineering. (montclair.edu)
We summarize recent experimental data and the resulting insights into allostery within proteins, and we discuss the nature of future studies and the new applications that may result from increased understanding of this regulatory mechanism. (montclair.edu)

Organisms5

Chemicals and Drugs38

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment32

Phenomena and Processes49

Disciplines and Occupations7

Technology, Industry, Agriculture16

Information Science8

Health Care2

Assembly requirements of PU.1-Pip (IRF-4) activator complexes: inhibiting function in vivo using fused dimers. (1/4007)

Engineering a chimeric pyrroloquinoline quinone glucose dehydrogenase: improvement of EDTA tolerance, thermal stability and substrate specificity. (2/4007)

Toward controlling gene expression at will: selection and design of zinc finger domains recognizing each of the 5'-GNN-3' DNA target sequences. (3/4007)

Re-design of Rhodobacter sphaeroides dimethyl sulfoxide reductase. Enhancement of adenosine N1-oxide reductase activity. (4/4007)

CD86 (B7-2) can function to drive MHC-restricted antigen-specific CTL responses in vivo. (5/4007)

Elimination of the immunogenicity of therapeutic antibodies. (6/4007)

Combinatorial protein engineering by incremental truncation. (7/4007)

Rational design of a scytalone dehydratase-like enzyme using a structurally homologous protein scaffold. (8/4007)

Protein Engineering

Tissue Engineering

Genetic Engineering

DNA Shuffling

Metabolic Engineering

Models, Molecular

Directed Molecular Evolution

Subtilisin

Biomedical Engineering

Protein Folding

Mutagenesis, Site-Directed

Protein Conformation

Molecular Sequence Data

Amino Acid Sequence

Inteins

Protein Stability

Escherichia coli

Enzyme Stability

Biotechnology

Protein Structure, Secondary

Kinetics

Tissue Scaffolds

Synthetic Biology

Protein Splicing

Mutagenesis

Proteins

Peptide Library

Protein Structure, Tertiary

Binding Sites

Mutation

Recombinant Proteins

Crystallography, X-Ray

Amino Acid Substitution

Biophysical Processes

Substrate Specificity

Structure-Activity Relationship

Mutant Proteins

Biocompatible Materials

Bacteriophage M13

Phosphoribosylglycinamide Formyltransferase

Cell Surface Display Techniques

Thermodynamics

Tyrosine-tRNA Ligase

Bioengineering

Protein Denaturation

Catalysis

Recombinant Fusion Proteins

alpha-Amylases

Genes, Synthetic

Cell Engineering

Bacterial Proteins

Hydroxymethyl and Formyl Transferases

Enzymes

Protein Binding

Circular Dichroism

Base Sequence

Chemical Engineering

Bacillus

Biosensing Techniques

Triose-Phosphate Isomerase

Titrimetry

Drug Design

Peptides

Sequence Alignment

Gene Library

Crystallization

Geobacillus stearothermophilus

Models, Chemical

Cysteine

Computer Simulation

Catalytic Domain

Sequence Homology, Amino Acid

Disulfides

Plasmids

Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, Biomolecular

Bioartificial Organs

Temperature

Cloning, Molecular

Muramidase

Subtilisins