Protein Binding
Blood Proteins
Binding Sites
Base Sequence
Molecular Sequence Data
DNA-Binding Proteins
Promoter Regions, Genetic
Serum Albumin
Regulatory Sequences, Nucleic Acid
Nucleic Acid Conformation
Transcription Factors
DNA
Cefonicid
DNA Footprinting
Transcription, Genetic
Nuclear Proteins
Half-Life
Proteins
Deoxyribonuclease I
Enhancer Elements, Genetic
Amino Acid Sequence
Binding, Competitive
Models, Molecular
Dialysis
RNA-Binding Proteins
Ultrafiltration
Metabolic Clearance Rate
Phenytoin
Mutation
Protein Structure, Tertiary
Tissue Distribution
Gene Expression Regulation
Cefazolin
HeLa Cells
Electrophoretic Mobility Shift Assay
Oligodeoxyribonucleotides
Protein Conformation
Transfection
14-3-3 Proteins
Cell Nucleus
Mutagenesis, Site-Directed
Carrier Proteins
Cefoperazone
Area Under Curve
Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid
Consensus Sequence
Structure-Activity Relationship
RNA, Messenger
Iodohippuric Acid
Phenylbutazone
Protein Array Analysis
Chloramphenicol O-Acetyltransferase
Plasmids
Disopyramide
Models, Biological
Nordazepam
Repetitive Sequences, Nucleic Acid
RNA, Small Nuclear
Sp1 Transcription Factor
Recombinant Fusion Proteins
Protein Interaction Domains and Motifs
Escherichia coli
Ligands
Cloning, Molecular
Oligonucleotide Probes
Stereoisomerism
Drug Interactions
Repressor Proteins
Alfalfa mosaic virus
Pharmaceutical Preparations
Valproic Acid
Lactams
Sequence Alignment
Tumor Cells, Cultured
Liver
Genes, Reporter
Ceftriaxone
Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid
Methylation
Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic
Thermodynamics
Transcriptional Activation
CCAAT-Enhancer-Binding Proteins
Sulfisoxazole
Surface Plasmon Resonance
Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel
Algorithms
Models, Chemical
Databases, Protein
DNA Primers
Crystallography, X-Ray
Genes, Regulator
Progesterone-Binding Globulin
RNA
Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Barbiturates
Diazepam
Ribonucleoproteins, Small Nuclear
NFI Transcription Factors
Sequence Homology, Amino Acid
Probenecid
Mutagenesis
Canavalia
Two-Hybrid System Techniques
Chromatography, Affinity
Restriction Mapping
Apazone
Cephalosporins
Conserved Sequence
Amino Acid Motifs
Rabbits
Biological Availability
Thiopental
Response Elements
Oligonucleotides
Pharmacokinetics
3' Untranslated Regions
Trans-Activators
Cells, Cultured
Chromatin Immunoprecipitation
Protein Footprinting
Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
Computational Biology
Lac Repressors
Anesthesia and Analgesia
Dogs
Cefamandole
Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet
Rats, Sprague-Dawley
Species Specificity
Cattle
Molecular Structure
Albumins
Ultraviolet Rays
Y-Box-Binding Protein 1
Magnetic Phenomena
Chemistry Techniques, Analytical
Avidin
Ribosomal Proteins
Hydrogen-Ion Concentration
Replication Origin
Luciferases
Phosphorylation
Biotransformation
3T3 Cells
Transcription Factor AP-2
TATA Box
Chickens
Software
DNA, Single-Stranded
Microbial Sensitivity Tests
Protein Biosynthesis
Serum Albumin, Bovine
Membrane Proteins
Ceftizoxime
Globins
DNA Probes
Integration Host Factors
5' Untranslated Regions
Gene Expression
Bacteriophage P22
Protein Structure, Secondary
Transcription Factor AP-1
Macromolecular Substances
snRNP Core Proteins
Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins
Erythroid-Specific DNA-Binding Factors
Mass Spectrometry
Blotting, Southwestern
Genes
Zinc Fingers
Cross-Linking Reagents
UK-18892, a new aminoglycoside: an in vitro study. (1/96713)
UK-18892 is a new aminoglycoside antibiotic, a derivative of kanamycin A structurally related to amikacin. It was found to be active against a wide range of pathogenic bacteria, including many gentamicin-resistant strains. The spectrum and degree of activity of UK-18892 were similar to those of amikacin, and differences were relatively minor. UK-18892 was about twice as active as amikacin against gentamicin-susceptible strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Both amikacin and UK-18892 were equally active against gentamicin-resistant strains of P. aeruginosa. There were no appreciable differences in the activity of UK-18892 and amikacin against Enterobacteriaceae and Staphylococcus aureus. Cross-resistance between these two antimicrobials was also apparent. (+info)Studies of the binding of different iron donors to human serum transferrin and isolation of iron-binding fragments from the N- and C-terminal regions of the protein. (2/96713)
1. Trypsin digestion of human serum transferrin partially saturated with iron(III)-nitrilotriacetate at pH 5.5 or pH 8.5 produces a carbohydrate-containing iron-binding fragment of mol.wt. 43000. 2. When iron(III) citrate, FeCl3, iron (III) ascorabate and (NH4)2SO4,FeSO4 are used as iron donors to saturate the protein partially, at pH8.5, proteolytic digestion yields a fragment of mol.wt. 36000 that lacks carbohydrate. 3. The two fragments differ in their antigenic structures, amino acid compositions and peptide 'maps'. 4. The fragment with mol.wt. 36000 was assigned to the N-terminal region of the protein and the other to the C-terminal region. 5. The distribution of iron in human serum transferrin partially saturated with various iron donors was examined by electrophoresis in urea/polyacrylamide gels and the two possible monoferric forms were unequivocally identified. 6. The site designated A on human serum transferrin [Harris (1977) Biochemistry 16, 560--564] was assigned to the C-terminal region of the protein and the B site to the N-terminal region. 7. The distribution of iron on transferrin in human plasma was determined. (+info)A protein-glucan intermediate during paramylon synthesis. (3/96713)
A sodium deoxycholate extract containing glucosyltransferase activity was obtained from a particulate preparation from Euglena gracilis. It transferred glucose from UDP-[14C]glucose into material that was precipitated by trichloroacetic acid. This material released beta-(1 leads to 3)-glucan oligosaccharides into solution on incubation with weak acid, weak alkali and beta-(1 leads to 3)-glucosidase. The products of the incubation of the deoxycholate extract with UDP-[14C]glucose were analysed by sodium dodecyl sulphate/polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis. Radioactive bands were obtained that had the properties of beta-(1 leads to 3)-glucan covalently linked to protein by a bond labile to weak acid. High-molecular-weight material containing a beta-(1 leads to 3)-glucan was also shown to be present by gel filtration. The bond linking glucan to aglycone is possibly a pyrophosphate linkage. It is proposed that in Euglena gracilis beta-(1 leads to 3)-glucan (paramylon) is synthesized on a protein primer. (+info)Apontic binds the translational repressor Bruno and is implicated in regulation of oskar mRNA translation. (4/96713)
The product of the oskar gene directs posterior patterning in the Drosophila oocyte, where it must be deployed specifically at the posterior pole. Proper expression relies on the coordinated localization and translational control of the oskar mRNA. Translational repression prior to localization of the transcript is mediated, in part, by the Bruno protein, which binds to discrete sites in the 3' untranslated region of the oskar mRNA. To begin to understand how Bruno acts in translational repression, we performed a yeast two-hybrid screen to identify Bruno-interacting proteins. One interactor, described here, is the product of the apontic gene. Coimmunoprecipitation experiments lend biochemical support to the idea that Bruno and Apontic proteins physically interact in Drosophila. Genetic experiments using mutants defective in apontic and bruno reveal a functional interaction between these genes. Given this interaction, Apontic is likely to act together with Bruno in translational repression of oskar mRNA. Interestingly, Apontic, like Bruno, is an RNA-binding protein and specifically binds certain regions of the oskar mRNA 3' untranslated region. (+info)Transcriptional repression by the Drosophila giant protein: cis element positioning provides an alternative means of interpreting an effector gradient. (5/96713)
Early developmental patterning of the Drosophila embryo is driven by the activities of a diverse set of maternally and zygotically derived transcription factors, including repressors encoded by gap genes such as Kruppel, knirps, giant and the mesoderm-specific snail. The mechanism of repression by gap transcription factors is not well understood at a molecular level. Initial characterization of these transcription factors suggests that they act as short-range repressors, interfering with the activity of enhancer or promoter elements 50 to 100 bp away. To better understand the molecular mechanism of short-range repression, we have investigated the properties of the Giant gap protein. We tested the ability of endogenous Giant to repress when bound close to the transcriptional initiation site and found that Giant effectively represses a heterologous promoter when binding sites are located at -55 bp with respect to the start of transcription. Consistent with its role as a short-range repressor, as the binding sites are moved to more distal locations, repression is diminished. Rather than exhibiting a sharp 'step-function' drop-off in activity, however, repression is progressively restricted to areas of highest Giant concentration. Less than a two-fold difference in Giant protein concentration is sufficient to determine a change in transcriptional status of a target gene. This effect demonstrates that Giant protein gradients can be differentially interpreted by target promoters, depending on the exact location of the Giant binding sites within the gene. Thus, in addition to binding site affinity and number, cis element positioning within a promoter can affect the response of a gene to a repressor gradient. We also demonstrate that a chimeric Gal4-Giant protein lacking the basic/zipper domain can specifically repress reporter genes, suggesting that the Giant effector domain is an autonomous repression domain. (+info)Membrane-tethered Drosophila Armadillo cannot transduce Wingless signal on its own. (6/96713)
Drosophila Armadillo and its vertebrate homolog beta-catenin are key effectors of Wingless/Wnt signaling. In the current model, Wingless/Wnt signal stabilizes Armadillo/beta-catenin, which then accumulates in nuclei and binds TCF/LEF family proteins, forming bipartite transcription factors which activate transcription of Wingless/Wnt responsive genes. This model was recently challenged. Overexpression in Xenopus of membrane-tethered beta-catenin or its paralog plakoglobin activates Wnt signaling, suggesting that nuclear localization of Armadillo/beta-catenin is not essential for signaling. Tethered plakoglobin or beta-catenin might signal on their own or might act indirectly by elevating levels of endogenous beta-catenin. We tested these hypotheses in Drosophila by removing endogenous Armadillo. We generated a series of mutant Armadillo proteins with altered intracellular localizations, and expressed these in wild-type and armadillo mutant backgrounds. We found that membrane-tethered Armadillo cannot signal on its own; however it can function in adherens junctions. We also created mutant forms of Armadillo carrying heterologous nuclear localization or nuclear export signals. Although these signals alter the subcellular localization of Arm when overexpressed in Xenopus, in Drosophila they have little effect on localization and only subtle effects on signaling. This supports a model in which Armadillo's nuclear localization is key for signaling, but in which Armadillo intracellular localization is controlled by the availability and affinity of its binding partners. (+info)The hematopoietic-specific adaptor protein gads functions in T-cell signaling via interactions with the SLP-76 and LAT adaptors. (7/96713)
BACKGROUND: The adaptor protein Gads is a Grb2-related protein originally identified on the basis of its interaction with the tyrosine-phosphorylated form of the docking protein Shc. Gads protein expression is restricted to hematopoietic tissues and cell lines. Gads contains a Src homology 2 (SH2) domain, which has previously been shown to have a similar binding specificity to that of Grb2. Gads also possesses two SH3 domains, but these have a distinct binding specificity to those of Grb2, as Gads does not bind to known Grb2 SH3 domain targets. Here, we investigated whether Gads is involved in T-cell signaling. RESULTS: We found that Gads is highly expressed in T cells and that the SLP-76 adaptor protein is a major Gads-associated protein in vivo. The constitutive interaction between Gads and SLP-76 was mediated by the carboxy-terminal SH3 domain of Gads and a 20 amino-acid proline-rich region in SLP-76. Gads also coimmunoprecipitated the tyrosine-phosphorylated form of the linker for activated T cells (LAT) adaptor protein following cross-linking of the T-cell receptor; this interaction was mediated by the Gads SH2 domain. Overexpression of Gads and SLP-76 resulted in a synergistic augmentation of T-cell signaling, as measured by activation of nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT), and this cooperation required a functional Gads SH2 domain. CONCLUSIONS: These results demonstrate that Gads plays an important role in T-cell signaling via its association with SLP-76 and LAT. Gads may promote cross-talk between the LAT and SLP-76 signaling complexes, thereby coupling membrane-proximal events to downstream signaling pathways. (+info)A Drosophila TNF-receptor-associated factor (TRAF) binds the ste20 kinase Misshapen and activates Jun kinase. (8/96713)
Two families of protein kinases that are closely related to Ste20 in their kinase domain have been identified - the p21-activated protein kinase (Pak) and SPS1 families [1-3]. In contrast to Pak family members, SPS1 family members do not bind and are not activated by GTP-bound p21Rac and Cdc42. We recently placed a member of the SPS1 family, called Misshapen (Msn), genetically upstream of the c-Jun amino-terminal (JNK) mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase module in Drosophila [4]. The failure to activate JNK in Drosophila leads to embryonic lethality due to the failure of these embryos to stimulate dorsal closure [5-8]. Msn probably functions as a MAP kinase kinase kinase kinase in Drosophila, activating the JNK pathway via an, as yet, undefined MAP kinase kinase kinase. We have identified a Drosophila TNF-receptor-associated factor, DTRAF1, by screening for Msn-interacting proteins using the yeast two-hybrid system. In contrast to the mammalian TRAFs that have been shown to activate JNK, DTRAF1 lacks an amino-terminal 'Ring-finger' domain, and overexpression of a truncated DTRAF1, consisting of only its TRAF domain, activates JNK. We also identified another DTRAF, DTRAF2, that contains an amino-terminal Ring-finger domain. Msn specifically binds the TRAF domain of DTRAF1 but not that of DTRAF2. In Drosophila, DTRAF1 is thus a good candidate for an upstream molecule that regulates the JNK pathway by interacting with, and activating, Msn. Consistent with this idea, expression of a dominant-negative Msn mutant protein blocks the activation of JNK by DTRAF1. Furthermore, coexpression of Msn with DTRAF1 leads to the synergistic activation of JNK. We have extended some of these observations to the mammalian homolog of Msn, Nck-interacting kinase (NIK), suggesting that TRAFs also play a critical role in regulating Ste20 kinases in mammals. (+info)Blisters are caused by friction or rubbing against a surface, which causes the top layer of skin to separate from the underlying layer. This separation creates a space that fills with fluid, forming a blister. Blisters can also be caused by burns, chemical exposure, or other types of injury.
There are different types of blisters, including:
1. Friction blisters: These are the most common type of blister and are caused by friction or rubbing against a surface. They are often seen on the hands, feet, and buttocks.
2. Burn blisters: These are caused by burns and can be more severe than friction blisters.
3. Chemical blisters: These are caused by exposure to chemicals and can be very painful.
4. Blisters caused by medical conditions: Certain medical conditions, such as epidermolysis bullosa (a genetic disorder that affects the skin), can cause blisters to form easily.
Blisters can be treated in several ways, depending on their size and location. Small blisters may not require treatment and can heal on their own within a few days. Larger blisters may need to be drained and covered with a bandage to prevent infection. In severe cases, surgical intervention may be necessary.
Preventing blisters is key to avoiding the discomfort and pain they can cause. To prevent blisters, it is important to:
1. Wear properly fitting shoes and clothing to reduce friction.
2. Use lubricating creams or powders to reduce friction.
3. Take regular breaks to rest and allow the skin to recover.
4. Avoid using harsh chemicals or detergents that can cause irritation.
5. Keep the affected area clean and dry to prevent infection.
In conclusion, blisters are a common and uncomfortable condition that can be caused by a variety of factors. While they can be treated and managed, prevention is key to avoiding the discomfort and pain they can cause. By taking steps to prevent blisters and seeking medical attention if they do occur, individuals can reduce their risk of developing this uncomfortable condition.
The symptoms of choriocarcinoma can vary depending on the location and size of the tumor, but they may include:
* Abnormal vaginal bleeding
* Pelvic pain
* Abdominal pain
* Weakness and fatigue
* Shortness of breath
* Nausea and vomiting
If choriocarcinoma is suspected, a variety of tests may be performed to confirm the diagnosis. These may include:
* Ultrasound: This imaging test uses high-frequency sound waves to create pictures of the uterus and ovaries. It can help doctors identify any abnormal growths or tumors in the area.
* Hysteroscopy: This procedure involves inserting a thin, lighted tube through the cervix to visualize the inside of the uterus. Doctors may use hysteroscopy to collect samples of tissue for testing.
* Laparoscopy: This procedure involves making small incisions in the abdomen and using a thin, lighted tube to visualize the inside of the pelvis. Doctors may use laparoscopy to collect samples of tissue for testing or to remove any tumors that are found.
* Biopsy: In this test, doctors take a small sample of tissue from the uterus and examine it under a microscope for cancer cells.
If choriocarcinoma is confirmed, treatment may involve a combination of surgery, chemotherapy, and radiation therapy. The specific treatment plan will depend on the stage and location of the cancer, as well as the patient's overall health.
Prognosis for choriocarcinoma varies depending on the stage of the cancer when it is diagnosed. In general, the prognosis is good if the cancer is caught early and treated promptly. However, if the cancer has spread to other parts of the body (metastasized), the prognosis may be poorer.
It's important for women who have had a molar pregnancy or choriocarcinoma to follow up with their healthcare provider regularly to ensure that any remaining tissue is removed and to monitor for any signs of recurrence.
The most common cause of hyperthyroidism is an autoimmune disorder called Graves' disease, which causes the thyroid gland to produce too much thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3). Other causes include inflammation of the thyroid gland (thyroiditis), thyroid nodules, and certain medications.
Symptoms of hyperthyroidism can vary depending on the severity of the condition, but may include:
* Rapid weight loss
* Nervousness or irritability
* Increased heart rate
* Heat intolerance
* Changes in menstrual cycle
* Fatigue
* Muscle weakness
* tremors
If left untreated, hyperthyroidism can lead to more serious complications such as heart problems, bone loss, and eye problems. Treatment options for hyperthyroidism include medications to reduce hormone production, radioactive iodine therapy to destroy part of the thyroid gland, and surgery to remove part or all of the thyroid gland.
In pregnant women, untreated hyperthyroidism can increase the risk of miscarriage, preterm labor, and intellectual disability in the baby. Treatment options for pregnant women with hyperthyroidism are similar to those for non-pregnant adults, but may need to be adjusted to avoid harm to the developing fetus.
It is important for individuals suspected of having hyperthyroidism to seek medical attention as soon as possible to receive proper diagnosis and treatment. Early treatment can help prevent complications and improve quality of life.
Some common effects of chromosomal deletions include:
1. Genetic disorders: Chromosomal deletions can lead to a variety of genetic disorders, such as Down syndrome, which is caused by a deletion of a portion of chromosome 21. Other examples include Prader-Willi syndrome (deletion of chromosome 15), and Williams syndrome (deletion of chromosome 7).
2. Birth defects: Chromosomal deletions can increase the risk of birth defects, such as heart defects, cleft palate, and limb abnormalities.
3. Developmental delays: Children with chromosomal deletions may experience developmental delays, learning disabilities, and intellectual disability.
4. Increased cancer risk: Some chromosomal deletions can increase the risk of developing certain types of cancer, such as chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) and breast cancer.
5. Reproductive problems: Chromosomal deletions can lead to reproductive problems, such as infertility or recurrent miscarriage.
Chromosomal deletions can be diagnosed through a variety of techniques, including karyotyping (examination of the chromosomes), fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), and microarray analysis. Treatment options for chromosomal deletions depend on the specific effects of the deletion and may include medication, surgery, or other forms of therapy.
Binding protein
Auxin binding protein
Guanylate-binding protein
Duffy binding proteins
Metal-binding protein
Iron-binding proteins
TATA-binding protein
Folate-binding protein
Odorant-binding protein
Binding immunoglobulin protein
Plasma protein binding
Actin-binding protein
Thyroxine-binding proteins
Maltose-binding protein
C4b-binding protein
CREB-binding protein
Retinol-binding protein
Calcium-binding protein
Acrosin binding protein
Lipopolysaccharide binding protein
Branchpoint Binding Protein
Telomere-binding protein
E3 binding protein
RNA-binding protein
Calmodulin-binding proteins
Emopamil binding protein
DNA-binding protein
Penicillin-binding proteins
Oxysterol-binding protein
Immunoglobulin-binding protein
UCKL1
Sulfide
Uridine monophosphate synthase
RFX6
Phage display
G1 phase
Prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2
Norovirus
NFIX
PANO1
List of restriction enzyme cutting sites: Bst-Bv
Gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor subunit gamma-2
Proto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase Src
2-succinyl-6-hydroxy-2,4-cyclohexadiene-1-carboxylate synthase
MODY 1
7α-Thioprogesterone
Baum-Welch algorithm
MAPK8IP3
Coronavirus nucleocapsid protein
Sequence motif
Esta Sterneck
5-Methyltetrahydropteroyltriglutamate-homocysteine S-methyltransferase
Caspase-activated DNase
NOL3
Prokaryotic DNA replication
Shiladitya DasSarma
Death-associated protein 6
GANC
Molybdopterin
Pyruvate dehydrogenase E3-binding protein deficiency - NIH Genetic Testing Registry (GTR) - NCBI
Recommendations on the measurement and the clinical use of vitamin D metabolites and vitamin D binding protein - A position...
Bipartite Interaction Sites Differentially Modulate RNA-Binding Affinity of a Protein Complex Essential for Germline Stem Cell...
PA-06-388: HIV Proteins and Their Cellular Binding Partners (R21/R33)
developmentally-regulated GTP-binding protein 1 [Rattus norvegicus] - Protein - NCBI
Solution NMR structure of selenium-binding protein from Methanococcus vannielii - PubMed
MODULATION OF RNA BINDING PROTEINS IN XENOBIOTIC-INDUCED HEPATOTOXICITY
Plasma protein binding
Amino acid substitutions in protein binding
Scgn secretagogin, EF-hand calcium binding protein [Mus musculus (house mouse)] - Gene - NCBI
Essential hyaluronan structure for binding with hyaluronan-binding protein (HABP) determined by glycotechnological approach
Application of ESMACS binding free energy protocols to diverse datasets: Bromodomain-containing protein 4 | Scientific Reports
CUE Protein Domain | Ubiquitin Binding | Cell Signaling Technology
Membrane Binding of HIV-1 Matrix Protein: Dependence on Bilayer Composition and Protein Lipidation | NIST
JCI -
RNA-binding protein RBM20 represses splicing to orchestrate cardiac pre-mRNA processing
Stxbp4 MGI Mouse Gene Detail - MGI:1342296 - syntaxin binding protein 4
Binding of Folic Acid to Serum Proteins | Acta Haematologica | Karger Publishers
NIH VideoCast - Roles of regulatory RNAs & RNA-binding proteins in (re)programming patterns of gene expression
Stem-loop binding protein
RCSB PDB - 2R7A: Crystal Structure of a Periplasmic Heme Binding Protein from Shigella dysenteriae
Enhancement of MHC class I binding and immunogenic properties of the CTL epitope peptides derived from dengue virus NS3 protein...
How To Use the Molecular Modeling Database (MMDB): find 3D protein structures bound to a specific chemical
RANBP17 (RAN binding protein 17)
Alzheimer amyloid protein precursor complexes with brain GTP-binding protein G(o) | ALZFORUM
Single-stranded DNA-binding protein (Oceanobacillus iheyensis HTE831) | Protein Target - PubChem
GTP-Binding Protein gamma Subunits - Medical Dictionary online-medical-dictionary.org
Multiple Evolutionary Origins of Ubiquitous Cu2+ and Zn2+ Binding in the S100 Protein Family | PLOS ONE
Affinity12
- Streptococcus pneumoniae and Neisseria meningitidis have is specific to the mechanism of resistance to penicillin G com- very similar mechanisms of resistance to penicillin G, which mon to S. pneumoniae and N. meningitidis and mediated by the are mediated by the decreased affinity of penicillin-binding decrease in affinity of their PBPs. (cdc.gov)
- Depending on a specific drug's affinity for plasma protein, a proportion of the drug may become bound to plasma proteins, with the remainder being unbound. (bionity.com)
- For an effective immune response, antibodies are subjected to a micro-evolutionary process that includes multiple rounds of diversification by somatic hypermutation resulting in increased binding affinity to a particular pathogen. (hu-berlin.de)
- The goal of this work was to provide insights into the microevolution of antibodies during the immune response, including the relationship between amino acid substitutions and binding affinity changes. (hu-berlin.de)
- A preliminary step in this work was to determine the accuracy of the SPOT synthesis technique, which could be shown to be an accurate method for assigning measured signal intensities to three different binding affinity classes. (hu-berlin.de)
- AFFI is the first substitution matrix that is based solely on binding affinity. (hu-berlin.de)
- One of the most common computational binding affinity prediction techniques is molecular mechanics Poisson-Boltzmann surface area (MMPBSA) 14 . (nature.com)
- The CUE domain has also been reported to exist as a domain-swapped dimer that makes additional contacts with ubiquitin, and consequently binds ubiquitin with a higher affinity. (cellsignal.com)
- Charge-charge interactions in the absence of the phosphatidylinositide PI(4,5)P 2 attract the protein to acidic membrane surfaces, and myristoylation increases the affinity by a factor of 10, arguing against a PI(4,5)P 2 -trigger of myristate exposure. (nist.gov)
- While cholesterol does not directly engage in interactions, it augments protein affinity strongly, apparently by unlocking steric obstacles to efficient myristate insertion and PI(4,5)P 2 binding. (nist.gov)
- The team used the new software to generate high-affinity binding proteins against 12 distinct molecular targets. (phys.org)
- Buspirone has no significant affinity for benzodiazepine receptors and does not affect GABA binding in vitro or in vivo when tested in preclinical models. (nih.gov)
Peptides1
- NCI scientists discovered a family of short peptides that bind to the N-terminal domains of STAT proteins and have shown that they can be used as therapeutic agents for certain types of cancer. (nih.gov)
Gene5
- See the other reference sequence protein isoform for the Drg1 gene (XP_038947931.1). (nih.gov)
- Dysregulation of sterol regulatory element-binding protein 2 gene in HIV treatment-experienced individuals. (harvard.edu)
- To help resolve the function of YTH domain proteins we will employ CRISPR-interference using a multiplex gene editing strategy, generating mutants with different combinations of YTH family proteins loss of function. (nih.gov)
- Melanoma differentiation associated gene-9/syndecan binding protein promotes hepatocellular carcinoma. (bvsalud.org)
- The oncogene Melanoma differentiation associated gene -9/ syndecan binding protein (MDA-9/SDCBP) is overexpressed in many cancers , promoting aggressive, metastatic disease . (bvsalud.org)
Serum proteins3
- Diphenylhydantoin markedly increased the binding of FAA to serum proteins, especially transferrin. (karger.com)
- Whenever the serum FAA had fallen below 3.0 ng/ml, all activity was bound to serum proteins. (karger.com)
- Given the limitations of serum creatinine as a biomarker of kidney function, different urinary and serum proteins, molecules, and, most recently, microRNAs have been rigorously investigated over the past decade as possible biomarkers for kidney disease. (medscape.com)
Endoplasmic reticulum2
- The domain is approximately 40 amino acids in length and is found in proteins that have a variety of functions, including the degradation of misfolded proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum and protein sorting. (cellsignal.com)
- Association with endoplasmic reticulum promotes proteasomal degradation of GADD34 protein. (duke.edu)
Receptors1
- These targets include important cellular receptors such as TrkA, EGFR, Tie2, and the insulin receptor , as well proteins on the surface of the influenza virus and SARS-CoV-2 (the virus that causes COVID-19). (phys.org)
MRNA metabolism1
- Here we seek to elucidate how m6A interacting proteins of the YTH family influence mRNA metabolism. (nih.gov)
Subunit2
- A dimer of beta and gamma subunits is formed when the GTP-BINDING PROTEIN ALPHA SUBUNIT dissociates from the GTP-binding protein heterotrimeric complex. (online-medical-dictionary.org)
- TATA-box binding protein associated factor, RNA polymerase I subunit C (TAF1C) is a component of selectivity factor 1 belonging to RNA polymerase I (Pol I) transcription machinery. (helsinki.fi)
Genes1
- A sterol regulatory element binding protein that regulates GENES involved in CHOLESTEROL synthesis and uptake. (harvard.edu)
Acidic2
- Since albumin is basic, acidic and neutral drugs will primarily bind to albumin. (bionity.com)
- Basic drugs will bind to the acidic alpha-1 acid glycoprotein. (bionity.com)
Antibodies2
- Antibodies are today's most common protein-based drugs. (phys.org)
- A team led by two postdoctoral scholars in the Baker lab-Longxing Cao and Brian Coventry-combined recent advances in the field of computational protein design to arrive at a strategy for creating new proteins that bind molecular targets in a manner similar to antibodies. (phys.org)
Buspirone2
- An in vitro protein binding study indicated that approximately 86% of buspirone is bound to plasma proteins. (nih.gov)
- An in vitro study indicated that buspirone did not displace highly protein-bound drugs such as phenytoin, warfarin, and propranolol from plasma protein, and that buspirone may displace digoxin. (nih.gov)
20221
- Longxing Cao et al, Design of protein binding proteins from target structure alone, Nature (2022). (phys.org)
Tightly2
- Heterotrimeric GTP - binding protein subunits that tightly associate with GTP-BINDING PROTEIN BETA SUBUNITS . (online-medical-dictionary.org)
- The ability to generate new proteins that bind tightly and specifically to any molecular target that you want is a paradigm shift in drug development and molecular biology more broadly," said Baker. (phys.org)
Highly protein-bound1
- This effect of protein binding is most significant with drugs that are highly protein-bound (>95%) and have a low therapeutic index, such as warfarin. (bionity.com)
MeSH1
- Sterol Regulatory Element Binding Protein 2" is a descriptor in the National Library of Medicine's controlled vocabulary thesaurus, MeSH (Medical Subject Headings) . (harvard.edu)
Regulatory4
- A C-terminal motif found in the beta2-adrenergic receptor, P2Y1 receptor and cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator determines binding to the Na+/H+ exchanger regulatory factor family of PDZ proteins. (duke.edu)
- The Na+/H+ exchanger regulatory factor (NHERF) binds to the tail of the beta2-adrenergic receptor and plays a role in adrenergic regulation of Na+/H+ exchange. (duke.edu)
- This graph shows the total number of publications written about "Sterol Regulatory Element Binding Protein 2" by people in Harvard Catalyst Profiles by year, and whether "Sterol Regulatory Element Binding Protein 2" was a major or minor topic of these publication. (harvard.edu)
- Below are the most recent publications written about "Sterol Regulatory Element Binding Protein 2" by people in Profiles. (harvard.edu)
Inhibition1
- Inhibiting these STAT proteins has great therapeutic potential in the treatment of certain cancers and a common approach to inhibition of these proteins involves targeting the kinases that activate STAT. This method typically leads to non-selective inhibitors and is associated with off-target related toxicity. (nih.gov)
Degradation1
- The CUE domain was first described as a region of homology between the yeast Cue1 (coupling of ubiquitin to ER degradation) and human Tollip proteins. (cellsignal.com)
Receptor2
- Small proteins (darker shade) designed to bind to the insulin receptor (left) and a component of the influenza virus (right). (phys.org)
- Using computers, they designed molecules that can target important proteins in the body, such as the insulin receptor, as well as vulnerable proteins on the surface of viruses. (phys.org)
Molecules1
- We look forward to seeing how these molecules might be used in a clinical context, and more importantly how this new method of designing protein drugs might lead to even more promising compounds in the future," said Coventry. (phys.org)
Conserved domains1
- View conserved domains detected in this protein sequence using CD-search. (nih.gov)
Affinities2
- SPR on well-defined membrane models is used to quantify binding affinities and amounts of protein and yields free binding energy contributions, Δ}G, of the various signals. (nist.gov)
- We thus observe that the isolated matrix protein, in the absence of protein-protein interaction conferred by the full-length Gag, binds the membrane with sub-micromolar affinities. (nist.gov)
Structurally2
- The CUE domain is structurally related to the ubiquitin-binding UBA domain and is comprised of a three-helix bundle. (cellsignal.com)
- A comparison of PhuT/ShuT with the vitamin B(12)-binding protein BtuF and the hydroxamic-type siderophore-binding protein FhuD, the only two other structurally characterized Class III periplasmic binding proteins, demonstrates that PhuT/ShuT more closely resembles BtuF, which reflects the closer similarity in ligands, heme and B(12), compared with ligands for FhuD, a peptide siderophore. (rcsb.org)
Classification1
- SCOPe: Structural Classification of Proteins - extended. (berkeley.edu)
Drugs5
- Common blood proteins that drugs bind to are human serum albumin , lipoprotein , glycoprotein , α, β‚ and γ globulins. (bionity.com)
- If albumin becomes saturated, then these drugs will bind to lipoprotein. (bionity.com)
- The fraction unbound can be altered by a number of variables, such as the concentration of drug in the body, the amount & quality of plasma protein, and other drugs that bind to plasma proteins. (bionity.com)
- For example, assume that Drug A and Drug B are both protein-bound drugs. (bionity.com)
- A team of scientists has created a powerful new method for generating protein drugs. (phys.org)
Molecular2
Plasma11
- A drug's efficacy may be affected by the degree to which it binds to the proteins within blood plasma . (bionity.com)
- This means that of the amount of warfarin in the blood, 97% is bound to plasma proteins. (bionity.com)
- Higher drug concentrations would lead to a higher fraction unbound, because the plasma protein would be saturated with drug and any excess drug would be unbound. (bionity.com)
- If the amount of plasma protein is decreased (such as in catabolism , malnutrition , liver disease, renal disease ), there would also be a higher fraction unbound. (bionity.com)
- Additionally, the quality of the plasma protein may affect how many drug-binding sites there are on the protein. (bionity.com)
- If Drug A is given, it will bind to the plasma proteins in the blood. (bionity.com)
- If a patient on warfarin takes another drug that displaces warfarin from plasma protein, it could result in an increased risk of bleeding. (bionity.com)
- It uses material from the Wikipedia article "Plasma_protein_binding" . (bionity.com)
- Retroviral Gag polyprotein is the structural determinant that assembles in a protein lattice on the host's plasma membrane to trigger formation of the viral protein/membrane shell. (nist.gov)
- Lipid-specific interactions wit the PI(4,5)P 2 , the major signal lipid in the inner plasma membrane, increase membrane attraction at a similar level as the protein lipidation. (nist.gov)
- In order to identify laminin-binding components in the muscle cell surface, plasma membranes from mouse thigh muscle and from rat L6 myoblasts were separated by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and transferred to nitrocellulose paper by electroblotting. (nih.gov)
Yeast1
- A nucleosome-guided map of transcription factor binding sites in yeast. (duke.edu)
Albumin6
- These highlights do not include all the information needed to use PACLITAXEL PROTEIN-BOUND PARTICLES FOR INJECTABLE SUSPENSION (ALBUMIN-BOUND) safely and effectively. (nih.gov)
- Do not substitute Paclitaxel Protein-Bound Particles for Injectable Suspension (Albumin-Bound) for other paclitaxel products. (nih.gov)
- Recommended dosage of Paclitaxel Protein-Bound Particles for Injectable Suspension (Albumin-Bound) is 260 mg/m 2 intravenously over 30 minutes every 3 weeks. (nih.gov)
- administer carboplatin on Day 1 of each 21-day cycle immediately after Paclitaxel Protein-Bound Particles for Injectable Suspension (Albumin-Bound). (nih.gov)
- For injectable suspension: white to yellow, sterile, lyophilized powder containing 100 mg of paclitaxel formulated as albumin-bound particles in single-dose vial for reconstitution. (nih.gov)
- Severe hypersensitivity reactions to Paclitaxel Protein-Bound Particles for Injectable Suspension (Albumin-Bound). (nih.gov)
Transcription factors1
- Finding functional DNA binding sites of transcription factors (TFs) throughout the genome is a crucial step in understanding transcriptional regulation. (duke.edu)
Membranes4
- The less bound a drug is, the more efficiently it can traverse cell membranes or diffuse. (bionity.com)
- An essential component of heme transport in Gram-negative bacterial pathogens is the periplasmic protein that shuttles heme between outer and inner membranes. (rcsb.org)
- Stress-induced endogenous and ectopically expressed GADD34 proteins were present both in the cytoplasm and in membranes, with their membrane association showing similar biochemical properties. (duke.edu)
- Isolation of a laminin-binding protein from muscle cell membranes. (nih.gov)
Complexes3
- The aim of this initiative is to promote collaborations between biochemists and structural biologists to define the interactions of HIV proteins with their host-cell partners towards determining the three dimensional structure of these complexes. (nih.gov)
- The goal is to gain an in-depth understanding of HIV protein-containing complexes throughout the virus life cycle. (nih.gov)
- Nishimoto I, Okamoto T, Matsuura Y, Takahashi S, Murayama Y, Ogata E . Alzheimer amyloid protein precursor complexes with brain GTP-binding protein G(o) . (alzforum.org)
Displace1
- If Drug B is also given, it can displace Drug A from the protein, thereby increasing Drug A's fraction unbound. (bionity.com)
Residue2
- The heme binds in a narrow cleft between the N- and C-terminal binding domains and is coordinated by a Tyr residue. (rcsb.org)
- These results indicate that modification of dengue virus-derived CTL epitope peptide by replacing a.a. residue at theposition of anchor residue increases the binding avidity to MHC class I, resulting in the induction ofspecific CTLs. (who.int)
Sequences1
- The tool works with standard single letter nucleotide or protein codes including ambiguities and can match Prosite patterns in protein sequences. (nih.gov)
Interactions1
- In this process, it employs multiple signals - electrostatic, hydrophobic and lipid-specific interactions conferred by the matrix domain - to recruit the protein to the proper cellular location and assist protein-protein interactions located on full-length Gag in lattice formation. (nist.gov)
Amounts1
- During Drosophila oogenesis , large amounts of histone mRNAs and proteins are deposited in the developing oocyte. (sdbonline.org)
Domain3
- Hyaluronan specifically binds to aggrecan globular domain 1, which is often referred to as just hyaluronan binding protein (HABP), however, the hyaluronan carbohydrate structure recognized by HABP had not been studied in detail. (nih.gov)
- CUE domains have been shown to both bind mono and polyubiquitin and some CUE domain-containing proteins are themselves ubiquitinylated in a CUE domain-dependent manner. (cellsignal.com)
- These proteins share a YTH domain, which is highly conserved across all eukarya, and allows these proteins to interact with RNA in an m6A dependent manner. (nih.gov)
Structures1
- A comparison of the heme-free (apo) and -bound (holo) structures indicates little change in structure other than minor alterations in the heme pocket and movement of the Tyr heme ligand from an "in" position where it can coordinate the heme iron to an "out" orientation where it points away from the heme pocket. (rcsb.org)
Function2
- They developed software that can scan a target molecule, identify potential binding sites, generate proteins targeting those sites, and then screen from millions of candidate binding proteins to identify those most likely to function. (phys.org)
- Studies on the function of this proteins family in multiple cell types have reached diverse and often contradictory results. (nih.gov)
Compounds1
- These compounds are the first inhibitors that can directly bind to N-domains of STATs and exhibit a direct inhibitory effect. (nih.gov)
Lineage1
- As one example of our success, we identified the RNA-binding protein Lin28b as a lineage-determining factor for fetal hematopoietic stem cells, a discovery with potentially important implications for Regenerative and Precision Medicine. (nih.gov)
Specifically1
- Specifically, the laboratory studies how these systems are controlled by non-coding RNAs and RNA-binding proteins. (nih.gov)
Common1
- Both share a common architecture typical of Class III periplasmic binding proteins. (rcsb.org)
Ligands1
- Using the bromodomain-containing protein 4 (BRD4) system bound to a diverse set of ligands as our target, we show that robust rankings can be produced only through combining ensemble sampling with multiple trajectories and enhanced solvation via an explicit ligand hydration shell. (nature.com)