Protein binding. Medical search

The process in which substances, either endogenous or exogenous, bind to proteins, peptides, enzymes, protein precursors, or allied compounds. Specific protein-binding measures are often used as assays in diagnostic assessments.

Proteins that are present in blood serum, including SERUM ALBUMIN; BLOOD COAGULATION FACTORS; and many other types of proteins.

The parts of a macromolecule that directly participate in its specific combination with another molecule.

The sequence of PURINES and PYRIMIDINES in nucleic acids and polynucleotides. It is also called nucleotide sequence.

Descriptions of specific amino acid, carbohydrate, or nucleotide sequences which have appeared in the published literature and/or are deposited in and maintained by databanks such as GENBANK, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), National Biomedical Research Foundation (NBRF), or other sequence repositories.

Proteins which bind to DNA. The family includes proteins which bind to both double- and single-stranded DNA and also includes specific DNA binding proteins in serum which can be used as markers for malignant diseases.

DNA sequences which are recognized (directly or indirectly) and bound by a DNA-dependent RNA polymerase during the initiation of transcription. Highly conserved sequences within the promoter include the Pribnow box in bacteria and the TATA BOX in eukaryotes.

A major protein in the BLOOD. It is important in maintaining the colloidal osmotic pressure and transporting large organic molecules.

Nucleic acid sequences involved in regulating the expression of genes.

The spatial arrangement of the atoms of a nucleic acid or polynucleotide that results in its characteristic 3-dimensional shape.

Endogenous substances, usually proteins, which are effective in the initiation, stimulation, or termination of the genetic transcription process.

A deoxyribonucleotide polymer that is the primary genetic material of all cells. Eukaryotic and prokaryotic organisms normally contain DNA in a double-stranded state, yet several important biological processes transiently involve single-stranded regions. DNA, which consists of a polysugar-phosphate backbone possessing projections of purines (adenine and guanine) and pyrimidines (thymine and cytosine), forms a double helix that is held together by hydrogen bonds between these purines and pyrimidines (adenine to thymine and guanine to cytosine).

A second-generation cephalosporin administered intravenously or intramuscularly. Its bactericidal action results from inhibition of cell wall synthesis. It is used for urinary tract infections, lower respiratory tract infections, and soft tissue and bone infections.

A method for determining the sequence specificity of DNA-binding proteins. DNA footprinting utilizes a DNA damaging agent (either a chemical reagent or a nuclease) which cleaves DNA at every base pair. DNA cleavage is inhibited where the ligand binds to DNA. (from Rieger et al., Glossary of Genetics: Classical and Molecular, 5th ed)

The biosynthesis of RNA carried out on a template of DNA. The biosynthesis of DNA from an RNA template is called REVERSE TRANSCRIPTION.

Proteins found in the nucleus of a cell. Do not confuse with NUCLEOPROTEINS which are proteins conjugated with nucleic acids, that are not necessarily present in the nucleus.

The time it takes for a substance (drug, radioactive nuclide, or other) to lose half of its pharmacologic, physiologic, or radiologic activity.

Linear POLYPEPTIDES that are synthesized on RIBOSOMES and may be further modified, crosslinked, cleaved, or assembled into complex proteins with several subunits. The specific sequence of AMINO ACIDS determines the shape the polypeptide will take, during PROTEIN FOLDING, and the function of the protein.

An enzyme capable of hydrolyzing highly polymerized DNA by splitting phosphodiester linkages, preferentially adjacent to a pyrimidine nucleotide. This catalyzes endonucleolytic cleavage of DNA yielding 5'-phosphodi- and oligonucleotide end-products. The enzyme has a preference for double-stranded DNA.

Cis-acting DNA sequences which can increase transcription of genes. Enhancers can usually function in either orientation and at various distances from a promoter.

The order of amino acids as they occur in a polypeptide chain. This is referred to as the primary structure of proteins. It is of fundamental importance in determining PROTEIN CONFORMATION.

The interaction of two or more substrates or ligands with the same binding site. The displacement of one by the other is used in quantitative and selective affinity measurements.

Models used experimentally or theoretically to study molecular shape, electronic properties, or interactions; includes analogous molecules, computer-generated graphics, and mechanical structures.

A process of selective diffusion through a membrane. It is usually used to separate low-molecular-weight solutes which diffuse through the membrane from the colloidal and high-molecular-weight solutes which do not. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)

Proteins that bind to RNA molecules. Included here are RIBONUCLEOPROTEINS and other proteins whose function is to bind specifically to RNA.

The separation of particles from a suspension by passage through a filter with very fine pores. In ultrafiltration the separation is accomplished by convective transport; in DIALYSIS separation relies instead upon differential diffusion. Ultrafiltration occurs naturally and is a laboratory procedure. Artificial ultrafiltration of the blood is referred to as HEMOFILTRATION or HEMODIAFILTRATION (if combined with HEMODIALYSIS).

Volume of biological fluid completely cleared of drug metabolites as measured in unit time. Elimination occurs as a result of metabolic processes in the kidney, liver, saliva, sweat, intestine, heart, brain, or other site.

Established cell cultures that have the potential to propagate indefinitely.

An anticonvulsant that is used to treat a wide variety of seizures. It is also an anti-arrhythmic and a muscle relaxant. The mechanism of therapeutic action is not clear, although several cellular actions have been described including effects on ion channels, active transport, and general membrane stabilization. The mechanism of its muscle relaxant effect appears to involve a reduction in the sensitivity of muscle spindles to stretch. Phenytoin has been proposed for several other therapeutic uses, but its use has been limited by its many adverse effects and interactions with other drugs.

The rate dynamics in chemical or physical systems.

Any detectable and heritable change in the genetic material that causes a change in the GENOTYPE and which is transmitted to daughter cells and to succeeding generations.

The level of protein structure in which combinations of secondary protein structures (alpha helices, beta sheets, loop regions, and motifs) pack together to form folded shapes called domains. Disulfide bridges between cysteines in two different parts of the polypeptide chain along with other interactions between the chains play a role in the formation and stabilization of tertiary structure. Small proteins usually consist of only one domain but larger proteins may contain a number of domains connected by segments of polypeptide chain which lack regular secondary structure.

Accumulation of a drug or chemical substance in various organs (including those not relevant to its pharmacologic or therapeutic action). This distribution depends on the blood flow or perfusion rate of the organ, the ability of the drug to penetrate organ membranes, tissue specificity, protein binding. The distribution is usually expressed as tissue to plasma ratios.

Any of the processes by which nuclear, cytoplasmic, or intercellular factors influence the differential control (induction or repression) of gene action at the level of transcription or translation.

A semisynthetic cephalosporin analog with broad-spectrum antibiotic action due to inhibition of bacterial cell wall synthesis. It attains high serum levels and is excreted quickly via the urine.

The first continuously cultured human malignant CELL LINE, derived from the cervical carcinoma of Henrietta Lacks. These cells are used for VIRUS CULTIVATION and antitumor drug screening assays.

An electrophoretic technique for assaying the binding of one compound to another. Typically one compound is labeled to follow its mobility during electrophoresis. If the labeled compound is bound by the other compound, then the mobility of the labeled compound through the electrophoretic medium will be retarded.

Organic esters of sulfuric acid.

A group of deoxyribonucleotides (up to 12) in which the phosphate residues of each deoxyribonucleotide act as bridges in forming diester linkages between the deoxyribose moieties.

The characteristic 3-dimensional shape of a protein, including the secondary, supersecondary (motifs), tertiary (domains) and quaternary structure of the peptide chain. PROTEIN STRUCTURE, QUATERNARY describes the conformation assumed by multimeric proteins (aggregates of more than one polypeptide chain).

The uptake of naked or purified DNA by CELLS, usually meaning the process as it occurs in eukaryotic cells. It is analogous to bacterial transformation (TRANSFORMATION, BACTERIAL) and both are routinely employed in GENE TRANSFER TECHNIQUES.

A large family of signal-transducing adaptor proteins present in wide variety of eukaryotes. They are PHOSPHOSERINE and PHOSPHOTHREONINE binding proteins involved in important cellular processes including SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION; CELL CYCLE control; APOPTOSIS; and cellular stress responses. 14-3-3 proteins function by interacting with other signal-transducing proteins and effecting changes in their enzymatic activity and subcellular localization. The name 14-3-3 derives from numerical designations used in the original fractionation patterns of the proteins.

Within a eukaryotic cell, a membrane-limited body which contains chromosomes and one or more nucleoli (CELL NUCLEOLUS). The nuclear membrane consists of a double unit-type membrane which is perforated by a number of pores; the outermost membrane is continuous with the ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM. A cell may contain more than one nucleus. (From Singleton & Sainsbury, Dictionary of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, 2d ed)

Genetically engineered MUTAGENESIS at a specific site in the DNA molecule that introduces a base substitution, or an insertion or deletion.

Transport proteins that carry specific substances in the blood or across cell membranes.

Semisynthetic broad-spectrum cephalosporin with a tetrazolyl moiety that is resistant to beta-lactamase. It has been proposed especially against Pseudomonas infections.

A statistical means of summarizing information from a series of measurements on one individual. It is frequently used in clinical pharmacology where the AUC from serum levels can be interpreted as the total uptake of whatever has been administered. As a plot of the concentration of a drug against time, after a single dose of medicine, producing a standard shape curve, it is a means of comparing the bioavailability of the same drug made by different companies. (From Winslade, Dictionary of Clinical Research, 1992)

Liquid chromatographic techniques which feature high inlet pressures, high sensitivity, and high speed.

A theoretical representative nucleotide or amino acid sequence in which each nucleotide or amino acid is the one which occurs most frequently at that site in the different sequences which occur in nature. The phrase also refers to an actual sequence which approximates the theoretical consensus. A known CONSERVED SEQUENCE set is represented by a consensus sequence. Commonly observed supersecondary protein structures (AMINO ACID MOTIFS) are often formed by conserved sequences.

The relationship between the chemical structure of a compound and its biological or pharmacological activity. Compounds are often classed together because they have structural characteristics in common including shape, size, stereochemical arrangement, and distribution of functional groups.

RNA sequences that serve as templates for protein synthesis. Bacterial mRNAs are generally primary transcripts in that they do not require post-transcriptional processing. Eukaryotic mRNA is synthesized in the nucleus and must be exported to the cytoplasm for translation. Most eukaryotic mRNAs have a sequence of polyadenylic acid at the 3' end, referred to as the poly(A) tail. The function of this tail is not known for certain, but it may play a role in the export of mature mRNA from the nucleus as well as in helping stabilize some mRNA molecules by retarding their degradation in the cytoplasm.

An iodine-containing compound used in pyelography as a radiopaque medium. If labeled with radioiodine, it can be used for studies of renal function.

A butyl-diphenyl-pyrazolidinedione that has anti-inflammatory, antipyretic, and analgesic activities. It has been used in ANKYLOSING SPONDYLITIS; RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS; and REACTIVE ARTHRITIS.

Ligand-binding assays that measure protein-protein, protein-small molecule, or protein-nucleic acid interactions using a very large set of capturing molecules, i.e., those attached separately on a solid support, to measure the presence or interaction of target molecules in the sample.

An enzyme that catalyzes the acetylation of chloramphenicol to yield chloramphenicol 3-acetate. Since chloramphenicol 3-acetate does not bind to bacterial ribosomes and is not an inhibitor of peptidyltransferase, the enzyme is responsible for the naturally occurring chloramphenicol resistance in bacteria. The enzyme, for which variants are known, is found in both gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria. EC 2.3.1.28.

Extrachromosomal, usually CIRCULAR DNA molecules that are self-replicating and transferable from one organism to another. They are found in a variety of bacterial, archaeal, fungal, algal, and plant species. They are used in GENETIC ENGINEERING as CLONING VECTORS.

A class I anti-arrhythmic agent (one that interferes directly with the depolarization of the cardiac membrane and thus serves as a membrane-stabilizing agent) with a depressant action on the heart similar to that of guanidine. It also possesses some anticholinergic and local anesthetic properties.

Theoretical representations that simulate the behavior or activity of biological processes or diseases. For disease models in living animals, DISEASE MODELS, ANIMAL is available. Biological models include the use of mathematical equations, computers, and other electronic equipment.

An intermediate in the metabolism of DIAZEPAM to OXAZEPAM. It may have actions similar to those of diazepam.

Sequences of DNA or RNA that occur in multiple copies. There are several types: INTERSPERSED REPETITIVE SEQUENCES are copies of transposable elements (DNA TRANSPOSABLE ELEMENTS or RETROELEMENTS) dispersed throughout the genome. TERMINAL REPEAT SEQUENCES flank both ends of another sequence, for example, the long terminal repeats (LTRs) on RETROVIRUSES. Variations may be direct repeats, those occurring in the same direction, or inverted repeats, those opposite to each other in direction. TANDEM REPEAT SEQUENCES are copies which lie adjacent to each other, direct or inverted (INVERTED REPEAT SEQUENCES).

Methods for determining interaction between PROTEINS.

Short chains of RNA (100-300 nucleotides long) that are abundant in the nucleus and usually complexed with proteins in snRNPs (RIBONUCLEOPROTEINS, SMALL NUCLEAR). Many function in the processing of messenger RNA precursors. Others, the snoRNAs (RNA, SMALL NUCLEOLAR), are involved with the processing of ribosomal RNA precursors.

Promoter-specific RNA polymerase II transcription factor that binds to the GC box, one of the upstream promoter elements, in mammalian cells. The binding of Sp1 is necessary for the initiation of transcription in the promoters of a variety of cellular and viral GENES.

Recombinant proteins produced by the GENETIC TRANSLATION of fused genes formed by the combination of NUCLEIC ACID REGULATORY SEQUENCES of one or more genes with the protein coding sequences of one or more genes.

One of the PENICILLINS which is resistant to PENICILLINASE.

Protein modules with conserved ligand-binding surfaces which mediate specific interaction functions in SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION PATHWAYS and the specific BINDING SITES of their cognate protein LIGANDS.

A species of gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic, rod-shaped bacteria (GRAM-NEGATIVE FACULTATIVELY ANAEROBIC RODS) commonly found in the lower part of the intestine of warm-blooded animals. It is usually nonpathogenic, but some strains are known to produce DIARRHEA and pyogenic infections. Pathogenic strains (virotypes) are classified by their specific pathogenic mechanisms such as toxins (ENTEROTOXIGENIC ESCHERICHIA COLI), etc.

A molecule that binds to another molecule, used especially to refer to a small molecule that binds specifically to a larger molecule, e.g., an antigen binding to an antibody, a hormone or neurotransmitter binding to a receptor, or a substrate or allosteric effector binding to an enzyme. Ligands are also molecules that donate or accept a pair of electrons to form a coordinate covalent bond with the central metal atom of a coordination complex. (From Dorland, 27th ed)

Complexes of RNA-binding proteins with ribonucleic acids (RNA).

The insertion of recombinant DNA molecules from prokaryotic and/or eukaryotic sources into a replicating vehicle, such as a plasmid or virus vector, and the introduction of the resultant hybrid molecules into recipient cells without altering the viability of those cells.

Synthetic or natural oligonucleotides used in hybridization studies in order to identify and study specific nucleic acid fragments, e.g., DNA segments near or within a specific gene locus or gene. The probe hybridizes with a specific mRNA, if present. Conventional techniques used for testing for the hybridization product include dot blot assays, Southern blot assays, and DNA:RNA hybrid-specific antibody tests. Conventional labels for the probe include the radioisotope labels 32P and 125I and the chemical label biotin.

The phenomenon whereby compounds whose molecules have the same number and kind of atoms and the same atomic arrangement, but differ in their spatial relationships. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 5th ed)

The action of a drug that may affect the activity, metabolism, or toxicity of another drug.

Proteins which maintain the transcriptional quiescence of specific GENES or OPERONS. Classical repressor proteins are DNA-binding proteins that are normally bound to the OPERATOR REGION of an operon, or the ENHANCER SEQUENCES of a gene until a signal occurs that causes their release.

The type species of the genus ALFAMOVIRUS that is non-persistently transmitted by aphids.

Drugs intended for human or veterinary use, presented in their finished dosage form. Included here are materials used in the preparation and/or formulation of the finished dosage form.

A fatty acid with anticonvulsant properties used in the treatment of epilepsy. The mechanisms of its therapeutic actions are not well understood. It may act by increasing GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID levels in the brain or by altering the properties of voltage dependent sodium channels.

Cyclic AMIDES formed from aminocarboxylic acids by the elimination of water. Lactims are the enol forms of lactams.

The arrangement of two or more amino acid or base sequences from an organism or organisms in such a way as to align areas of the sequences sharing common properties. The degree of relatedness or homology between the sequences is predicted computationally or statistically based on weights assigned to the elements aligned between the sequences. This in turn can serve as a potential indicator of the genetic relatedness between the organisms.

Proteins found in any species of bacterium.

Injections made into a vein for therapeutic or experimental purposes.

Cells grown in vitro from neoplastic tissue. If they can be established as a TUMOR CELL LINE, they can be propagated in cell culture indefinitely.

A large lobed glandular organ in the abdomen of vertebrates that is responsible for detoxification, metabolism, synthesis and storage of various substances.

Genes whose expression is easily detectable and therefore used to study promoter activity at many positions in a target genome. In recombinant DNA technology, these genes may be attached to a promoter region of interest.

A broad-spectrum cephalosporin antibiotic with a very long half-life and high penetrability to meninges, eyes and inner ears.

The sequential correspondence of nucleotides in one nucleic acid molecule with those of another nucleic acid molecule. Sequence homology is an indication of the genetic relatedness of different organisms and gene function.

Addition of methyl groups. In histo-chemistry methylation is used to esterify carboxyl groups and remove sulfate groups by treating tissue sections with hot methanol in the presence of hydrochloric acid. (From Stedman, 25th ed)

Any of the processes by which nuclear, cytoplasmic, or intercellular factors influence the differential control of gene action in enzyme synthesis.

Proteins prepared by recombinant DNA technology.

A rigorously mathematical analysis of energy relationships (heat, work, temperature, and equilibrium). It describes systems whose states are determined by thermal parameters, such as temperature, in addition to mechanical and electromagnetic parameters. (From Hawley's Condensed Chemical Dictionary, 12th ed)

Processes that stimulate the GENETIC TRANSCRIPTION of a gene or set of genes.

A class of proteins that were originally identified by their ability to bind the DNA sequence CCAAT. The typical CCAAT-enhancer binding protein forms dimers and consists of an activation domain, a DNA-binding basic region, and a leucine-rich dimerization domain (LEUCINE ZIPPERS). CCAAT-BINDING FACTOR is structurally distinct type of CCAAT-enhancer binding protein consisting of a trimer of three different subunits.

A short-acting sulfonamide antibacterial with activity against a wide range of gram- negative and gram-positive organisms.

A biosensing technique in which biomolecules capable of binding to specific analytes or ligands are first immobilized on one side of a metallic film. Light is then focused on the opposite side of the film to excite the surface plasmons, that is, the oscillations of free electrons propagating along the film's surface. The refractive index of light reflecting off this surface is measured. When the immobilized biomolecules are bound by their ligands, an alteration in surface plasmons on the opposite side of the film is created which is directly proportional to the change in bound, or adsorbed, mass. Binding is measured by changes in the refractive index. The technique is used to study biomolecular interactions, such as antigen-antibody binding.

Electrophoresis in which a polyacrylamide gel is used as the diffusion medium.

A procedure consisting of a sequence of algebraic formulas and/or logical steps to calculate or determine a given task.

Theoretical representations that simulate the behavior or activity of chemical processes or phenomena; includes the use of mathematical equations, computers, and other electronic equipment.

Deletion of sequences of nucleic acids from the genetic material of an individual.

Two-dimensional separation and analysis of nucleotides.

Databases containing information about PROTEINS such as AMINO ACID SEQUENCE; PROTEIN CONFORMATION; and other properties.

Short sequences (generally about 10 base pairs) of DNA that are complementary to sequences of messenger RNA and allow reverse transcriptases to start copying the adjacent sequences of mRNA. Primers are used extensively in genetic and molecular biology techniques.

A benzodiazepine used in the treatment of anxiety, alcohol withdrawal, and insomnia.

The study of crystal structure using X-RAY DIFFRACTION techniques. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)

Genes which regulate or circumscribe the activity of other genes; specifically, genes which code for PROTEINS or RNAs which have GENE EXPRESSION REGULATION functions.

A serpin family member that binds to and transports GLUCOCORTICOIDS in the BLOOD.

Substances that reduce the growth or reproduction of BACTERIA.

A glycoprotein migrating as alpha 1-globulin, molecular weight 70,000 to 120,000. The protein, which is present in increased amounts in the plasma during pregnancy, binds mainly progesterone, with other steroids including testosterone competing weakly.

A polynucleotide consisting essentially of chains with a repeating backbone of phosphate and ribose units to which nitrogenous bases are attached. RNA is unique among biological macromolecules in that it can encode genetic information, serve as an abundant structural component of cells, and also possesses catalytic activity. (Rieger et al., Glossary of Genetics: Classical and Molecular, 5th ed)

A species of the genus SACCHAROMYCES, family Saccharomycetaceae, order Saccharomycetales, known as "baker's" or "brewer's" yeast. The dried form is used as a dietary supplement.

A class of chemicals derived from barbituric acid or thiobarbituric acid. Many of these are GABA MODULATORS used as HYPNOTICS AND SEDATIVES, as ANESTHETICS, or as ANTICONVULSANTS.

A benzodiazepine with anticonvulsant, anxiolytic, sedative, muscle relaxant, and amnesic properties and a long duration of action. Its actions are mediated by enhancement of GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID activity.

Highly conserved nuclear RNA-protein complexes that function in RNA processing in the nucleus, including pre-mRNA splicing and pre-mRNA 3'-end processing in the nucleoplasm, and pre-rRNA processing in the nucleolus (see RIBONUCLEOPROTEINS, SMALL NUCLEOLAR).

Transcription factors that were originally identified as site-specific DNA-binding proteins essential for DNA REPLICATION by ADENOVIRUSES. They play important roles in MAMMARY GLAND function and development.

The degree of similarity between sequences of amino acids. This information is useful for the analyzing genetic relatedness of proteins and species.

The prototypical uricosuric agent. It inhibits the renal excretion of organic anions and reduces tubular reabsorption of urate. Probenecid has also been used to treat patients with renal impairment, and, because it reduces the renal tubular excretion of other drugs, has been used as an adjunct to antibacterial therapy.

Process of generating a genetic MUTATION. It may occur spontaneously or be induced by MUTAGENS.

A plant genus of the family FABACEAE. Canavalia ensiformis is the source of CONCANAVALIN A.

Screening techniques first developed in yeast to identify genes encoding interacting proteins. Variations are used to evaluate interplay between proteins and other molecules. Two-hybrid techniques refer to analysis for protein-protein interactions, one-hybrid for DNA-protein interactions, three-hybrid interactions for RNA-protein interactions or ligand-based interactions. Reverse n-hybrid techniques refer to analysis for mutations or other small molecules that dissociate known interactions.

A chromatographic technique that utilizes the ability of biological molecules to bind to certain ligands specifically and reversibly. It is used in protein biochemistry. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)

The sum of the weight of all the atoms in a molecule.

Use of restriction endonucleases to analyze and generate a physical map of genomes, genes, or other segments of DNA.

An anti-inflammatory agent used in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. It also has uricosuric properties and has been used to treat gout.

A group of broad-spectrum antibiotics first isolated from the Mediterranean fungus ACREMONIUM. They contain the beta-lactam moiety thia-azabicyclo-octenecarboxylic acid also called 7-aminocephalosporanic acid.

A sequence of amino acids in a polypeptide or of nucleotides in DNA or RNA that is similar across multiple species. A known set of conserved sequences is represented by a CONSENSUS SEQUENCE. AMINO ACID MOTIFS are often composed of conserved sequences.

A technetium diagnostic aid used in renal function determination.

Radioimmunoassay of proteins using antibody coupled to an immunosorbent.

Commonly observed structural components of proteins formed by simple combinations of adjacent secondary structures. A commonly observed structure may be composed of a CONSERVED SEQUENCE which can be represented by a CONSENSUS SEQUENCE.

The species Oryctolagus cuniculus, in the family Leporidae, order LAGOMORPHA. Rabbits are born in burrows, furless, and with eyes and ears closed. In contrast with HARES, rabbits have 22 chromosome pairs.

The extent to which the active ingredient of a drug dosage form becomes available at the site of drug action or in a biological medium believed to reflect accessibility to a site of action.

A barbiturate that is administered intravenously for the induction of general anesthesia or for the production of complete anesthesia of short duration.

Nucleotide sequences, usually upstream, which are recognized by specific regulatory transcription factors, thereby causing gene response to various regulatory agents. These elements may be found in both promoter and enhancer regions.

Polymers made up of a few (2-20) nucleotides. In molecular genetics, they refer to a short sequence synthesized to match a region where a mutation is known to occur, and then used as a probe (OLIGONUCLEOTIDE PROBES). (Dorland, 28th ed)

Dynamic and kinetic mechanisms of exogenous chemical and DRUG LIBERATION; ABSORPTION; BIOLOGICAL TRANSPORT; TISSUE DISTRIBUTION; BIOTRANSFORMATION; elimination; and DRUG TOXICITY as a function of dosage, and rate of METABOLISM. LADMER, ADME and ADMET are abbreviations for liberation, absorption, distribution, metabolism, elimination, and toxicology.

The sequence at the 3' end of messenger RNA that does not code for product. This region contains transcription and translation regulating sequences.

Diffusible gene products that act on homologous or heterologous molecules of viral or cellular DNA to regulate the expression of proteins.

Elements of limited time intervals, contributing to particular results or situations.

Cells propagated in vitro in special media conducive to their growth. Cultured cells are used to study developmental, morphologic, metabolic, physiologic, and genetic processes, among others.

Biochemical identification of mutational changes in a nucleotide sequence.

A technique for identifying specific DNA sequences that are bound, in vivo, to proteins of interest. It involves formaldehyde fixation of CHROMATIN to crosslink the DNA-BINDING PROTEINS to the DNA. After shearing the DNA into small fragments, specific DNA-protein complexes are isolated by immunoprecipitation with protein-specific ANTIBODIES. Then, the DNA isolated from the complex can be identified by PCR amplification and sequencing.

Deoxyribonucleic acid that makes up the genetic material of viruses.

A method for determining points of contact between interacting proteins or binding sites of proteins to nucleic acids. Protein footprinting utilizes a protein cutting reagent or protease. Protein cleavage is inhibited where the proteins, or nucleic acids and protein, contact each other. After completion of the cutting reaction, the remaining peptide fragments are analyzed by electrophoresis.

Proteins found in any species of virus.

The relationship between the dose of an administered drug and the response of the organism to the drug.

A field of biology concerned with the development of techniques for the collection and manipulation of biological data, and the use of such data to make biological discoveries or predictions. This field encompasses all computational methods and theories for solving biological problems including manipulation of models and datasets.

Bacterial repressor proteins that bind to the LAC OPERON and thereby prevent the synthesis of proteins involved in catabolism of LACTOSE. When lactose levels are high lac repressors undergo an allosteric change that causes their release from the DNA and the resumption of lac operon transcription.

Medical methods of either relieving pain caused by a particular condition or removing the sensation of pain during a surgery or other medical procedure.

The domestic dog, Canis familiaris, comprising about 400 breeds, of the carnivore family CANIDAE. They are worldwide in distribution and live in association with people. (Walker's Mammals of the World, 5th ed, p1065)

Semisynthetic wide-spectrum cephalosporin with prolonged action, probably due to beta-lactamase resistance. It is used also as the nafate.

Determination of the spectra of ultraviolet absorption by specific molecules in gases or liquids, for example Cl2, SO2, NO2, CS2, ozone, mercury vapor, and various unsaturated compounds. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)

A strain of albino rat used widely for experimental purposes because of its calmness and ease of handling. It was developed by the Sprague-Dawley Animal Company.

The restriction of a characteristic behavior, anatomical structure or physical system, such as immune response; metabolic response, or gene or gene variant to the members of one species. It refers to that property which differentiates one species from another but it is also used for phylogenetic levels higher or lower than the species.

Domesticated bovine animals of the genus Bos, usually kept on a farm or ranch and used for the production of meat or dairy products or for heavy labor.

The location of the atoms, groups or ions relative to one another in a molecule, as well as the number, type and location of covalent bonds.

Water-soluble proteins found in egg whites, blood, lymph, and other tissues and fluids. They coagulate upon heating.

That portion of the electromagnetic spectrum immediately below the visible range and extending into the x-ray frequencies. The longer wavelengths (near-UV or biotic or vital rays) are necessary for the endogenous synthesis of vitamin D and are also called antirachitic rays; the shorter, ionizing wavelengths (far-UV or abiotic or extravital rays) are viricidal, bactericidal, mutagenic, and carcinogenic and are used as disinfectants.

Y-box-binding protein 1 was originally identified as a DNA-binding protein that interacts with Y-box PROMOTER REGIONS of MHC CLASS II GENES. It is a highly conserved transcription factor that regulates expression of a wide variety of GENES.

Characteristics, properties, and effects of magnetic substances and magnetic fields.

Methodologies used for the isolation, identification, detection, and quantitation of chemical substances.

A specific protein in egg albumin that interacts with BIOTIN to render it unavailable to mammals, thereby producing biotin deficiency.

Proteins found in ribosomes. They are believed to have a catalytic function in reconstituting biologically active ribosomal subunits.

The normality of a solution with respect to HYDROGEN ions; H+. It is related to acidity measurements in most cases by pH = log 1/2[1/(H+)], where (H+) is the hydrogen ion concentration in gram equivalents per liter of solution. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 6th ed)

A unique DNA sequence of a replicon at which DNA REPLICATION is initiated and proceeds bidirectionally or unidirectionally. It contains the sites where the first separation of the complementary strands occurs, a primer RNA is synthesized, and the switch from primer RNA to DNA synthesis takes place. (Rieger et al., Glossary of Genetics: Classical and Molecular, 5th ed)

Enzymes that oxidize certain LUMINESCENT AGENTS to emit light (PHYSICAL LUMINESCENCE). The luciferases from different organisms have evolved differently so have different structures and substrates.

The introduction of a phosphoryl group into a compound through the formation of an ester bond between the compound and a phosphorus moiety.

The chemical alteration of an exogenous substance by or in a biological system. The alteration may inactivate the compound or it may result in the production of an active metabolite of an inactive parent compound. The alterations may be divided into METABOLIC DETOXICATION, PHASE I and METABOLIC DETOXICATION, PHASE II.

Cell lines whose original growing procedure consisted being transferred (T) every 3 days and plated at 300,000 cells per plate (J Cell Biol 17:299-313, 1963). Lines have been developed using several different strains of mice. Tissues are usually fibroblasts derived from mouse embryos but other types and sources have been developed as well. The 3T3 lines are valuable in vitro host systems for oncogenic virus transformation studies, since 3T3 cells possess a high sensitivity to CONTACT INHIBITION.

A family of DNA binding proteins that regulate expression of a variety of GENES during CELL DIFFERENTIATION and APOPTOSIS. Family members contain a highly conserved carboxy-terminal basic HELIX-TURN-HELIX MOTIF involved in dimerization and sequence-specific DNA binding.

A conserved A-T rich sequence which is contained in promoters for RNA polymerase II. The segment is seven base pairs long and the nucleotides most commonly found are TATAAAA.

Common name for the species Gallus gallus, the domestic fowl, in the family Phasianidae, order GALLIFORMES. It is descended from the red jungle fowl of SOUTHEAST ASIA.

Sequential operating programs and data which instruct the functioning of a digital computer.

Ribonucleic acid that makes up the genetic material of viruses.

Chromatographic techniques in which the mobile phase is a liquid.

A single chain of deoxyribonucleotides that occurs in some bacteria and viruses. It usually exists as a covalently closed circle.

Any tests that demonstrate the relative efficacy of different chemotherapeutic agents against specific microorganisms (i.e., bacteria, fungi, viruses).

The biosynthesis of PEPTIDES and PROTEINS on RIBOSOMES, directed by MESSENGER RNA, via TRANSFER RNA that is charged with standard proteinogenic AMINO ACIDS.

Serum albumin from cows, commonly used in in vitro biological studies. (From Stedman, 25th ed)

Preparations of cell constituents or subcellular materials, isolates, or substances.

Proteins which are found in membranes including cellular and intracellular membranes. They consist of two types, peripheral and integral proteins. They include most membrane-associated enzymes, antigenic proteins, transport proteins, and drug, hormone, and lectin receptors.

A semisynthetic cephalosporin antibiotic which can be administered intravenously or by suppository. The drug is highly resistant to a broad spectrum of beta-lactamases and is active against a wide range of both aerobic and anaerobic gram-positive and gram-negative organisms. It has few side effects and is reported to be safe and effective in aged patients and in patients with hematologic disorders.

Proteins obtained from ESCHERICHIA COLI.

A superfamily of proteins containing the globin fold which is composed of 6-8 alpha helices arranged in a characterstic HEME enclosing structure.

The characteristic three-dimensional shape of a molecule.

Species- or subspecies-specific DNA (including COMPLEMENTARY DNA; conserved genes, whole chromosomes, or whole genomes) used in hybridization studies in order to identify microorganisms, to measure DNA-DNA homologies, to group subspecies, etc. The DNA probe hybridizes with a specific mRNA, if present. Conventional techniques used for testing for the hybridization product include dot blot assays, Southern blot assays, and DNA:RNA hybrid-specific antibody tests. Conventional labels for the DNA probe include the radioisotope labels 32P and 125I and the chemical label biotin. The use of DNA probes provides a specific, sensitive, rapid, and inexpensive replacement for cell culture techniques for diagnosing infections.

Bacterial proteins that are used by BACTERIOPHAGES to incorporate their DNA into the DNA of the "host" bacteria. They are DNA-binding proteins that function in genetic recombination as well as in transcriptional and translational regulation.

Measurement of the intensity and quality of fluorescence.

The sequence at the 5' end of the messenger RNA that does not code for product. This sequence contains the ribosome binding site and other transcription and translation regulating sequences.

The phenotypic manifestation of a gene or genes by the processes of GENETIC TRANSCRIPTION and GENETIC TRANSLATION.

A species of temperate bacteriophage in the genus P22-like viruses, family PODOVIRIDAE, that infects SALMONELLA species. The genome consists of double-stranded DNA, terminally redundant, and circularly permuted.

The level of protein structure in which regular hydrogen-bond interactions within contiguous stretches of polypeptide chain give rise to alpha helices, beta strands (which align to form beta sheets) or other types of coils. This is the first folding level of protein conformation.

A multiprotein complex composed of the products of c-jun and c-fos proto-oncogenes. These proteins must dimerize in order to bind to the AP-1 recognition site, also known as the TPA-responsive element (TRE). AP-1 controls both basal and inducible transcription of several genes.

Compounds and molecular complexes that consist of very large numbers of atoms and are generally over 500 kDa in size. In biological systems macromolecular substances usually can be visualized using ELECTRON MICROSCOPY and are distinguished from ORGANELLES by the lack of a membrane structure.

The protein components that constitute the common core of small nuclear ribonucleoprotein particles. These proteins are commonly referred as Sm nuclear antigens due to their antigenic nature.

Proteins obtained from the species SACCHAROMYCES CEREVISIAE. The function of specific proteins from this organism are the subject of intense scientific interest and have been used to derive basic understanding of the functioning similar proteins in higher eukaryotes.

A group of transcription factors that were originally described as being specific to ERYTHROID CELLS.

An analytical method used in determining the identity of a chemical based on its mass using mass analyzers/mass spectrometers.

A method that is used to detect DNA-protein interactions. Proteins are separated by electrophoresis and blotted onto a nitrocellulose membrane similar to Western blotting (BLOTTING, WESTERN) but the proteins are identified when they bind labeled DNA PROBES (as with Southern blotting (BLOTTING, SOUTHERN)) instead of antibodies.

A category of nucleic acid sequences that function as units of heredity and which code for the basic instructions for the development, reproduction, and maintenance of organisms.

Motifs in DNA- and RNA-binding proteins whose amino acids are folded into a single structural unit around a zinc atom. In the classic zinc finger, one zinc atom is bound to two cysteines and two histidines. In between the cysteines and histidines are 12 residues which form a DNA binding fingertip. By variations in the composition of the sequences in the fingertip and the number and spacing of tandem repeats of the motif, zinc fingers can form a large number of different sequence specific binding sites.

Reagents with two reactive groups, usually at opposite ends of the molecule, that are capable of reacting with and thereby forming bridges between side chains of amino acids in proteins; the locations of naturally reactive areas within proteins can thereby be identified; may also be used for other macromolecules, like glycoproteins, nucleic acids, or other.

UK-18892, a new aminoglycoside: an in vitro study. (1/96713)

UK-18892 is a new aminoglycoside antibiotic, a derivative of kanamycin A structurally related to amikacin. It was found to be active against a wide range of pathogenic bacteria, including many gentamicin-resistant strains. The spectrum and degree of activity of UK-18892 were similar to those of amikacin, and differences were relatively minor. UK-18892 was about twice as active as amikacin against gentamicin-susceptible strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Both amikacin and UK-18892 were equally active against gentamicin-resistant strains of P. aeruginosa. There were no appreciable differences in the activity of UK-18892 and amikacin against Enterobacteriaceae and Staphylococcus aureus. Cross-resistance between these two antimicrobials was also apparent. (+info)

Studies of the binding of different iron donors to human serum transferrin and isolation of iron-binding fragments from the N- and C-terminal regions of the protein. (2/96713)

1. Trypsin digestion of human serum transferrin partially saturated with iron(III)-nitrilotriacetate at pH 5.5 or pH 8.5 produces a carbohydrate-containing iron-binding fragment of mol.wt. 43000. 2. When iron(III) citrate, FeCl3, iron (III) ascorabate and (NH4)2SO4,FeSO4 are used as iron donors to saturate the protein partially, at pH8.5, proteolytic digestion yields a fragment of mol.wt. 36000 that lacks carbohydrate. 3. The two fragments differ in their antigenic structures, amino acid compositions and peptide 'maps'. 4. The fragment with mol.wt. 36000 was assigned to the N-terminal region of the protein and the other to the C-terminal region. 5. The distribution of iron in human serum transferrin partially saturated with various iron donors was examined by electrophoresis in urea/polyacrylamide gels and the two possible monoferric forms were unequivocally identified. 6. The site designated A on human serum transferrin [Harris (1977) Biochemistry 16, 560--564] was assigned to the C-terminal region of the protein and the B site to the N-terminal region. 7. The distribution of iron on transferrin in human plasma was determined. (+info)

A protein-glucan intermediate during paramylon synthesis. (3/96713)

A sodium deoxycholate extract containing glucosyltransferase activity was obtained from a particulate preparation from Euglena gracilis. It transferred glucose from UDP-[14C]glucose into material that was precipitated by trichloroacetic acid. This material released beta-(1 leads to 3)-glucan oligosaccharides into solution on incubation with weak acid, weak alkali and beta-(1 leads to 3)-glucosidase. The products of the incubation of the deoxycholate extract with UDP-[14C]glucose were analysed by sodium dodecyl sulphate/polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis. Radioactive bands were obtained that had the properties of beta-(1 leads to 3)-glucan covalently linked to protein by a bond labile to weak acid. High-molecular-weight material containing a beta-(1 leads to 3)-glucan was also shown to be present by gel filtration. The bond linking glucan to aglycone is possibly a pyrophosphate linkage. It is proposed that in Euglena gracilis beta-(1 leads to 3)-glucan (paramylon) is synthesized on a protein primer. (+info)

Apontic binds the translational repressor Bruno and is implicated in regulation of oskar mRNA translation. (4/96713)

The product of the oskar gene directs posterior patterning in the Drosophila oocyte, where it must be deployed specifically at the posterior pole. Proper expression relies on the coordinated localization and translational control of the oskar mRNA. Translational repression prior to localization of the transcript is mediated, in part, by the Bruno protein, which binds to discrete sites in the 3' untranslated region of the oskar mRNA. To begin to understand how Bruno acts in translational repression, we performed a yeast two-hybrid screen to identify Bruno-interacting proteins. One interactor, described here, is the product of the apontic gene. Coimmunoprecipitation experiments lend biochemical support to the idea that Bruno and Apontic proteins physically interact in Drosophila. Genetic experiments using mutants defective in apontic and bruno reveal a functional interaction between these genes. Given this interaction, Apontic is likely to act together with Bruno in translational repression of oskar mRNA. Interestingly, Apontic, like Bruno, is an RNA-binding protein and specifically binds certain regions of the oskar mRNA 3' untranslated region. (+info)

Transcriptional repression by the Drosophila giant protein: cis element positioning provides an alternative means of interpreting an effector gradient. (5/96713)

Early developmental patterning of the Drosophila embryo is driven by the activities of a diverse set of maternally and zygotically derived transcription factors, including repressors encoded by gap genes such as Kruppel, knirps, giant and the mesoderm-specific snail. The mechanism of repression by gap transcription factors is not well understood at a molecular level. Initial characterization of these transcription factors suggests that they act as short-range repressors, interfering with the activity of enhancer or promoter elements 50 to 100 bp away. To better understand the molecular mechanism of short-range repression, we have investigated the properties of the Giant gap protein. We tested the ability of endogenous Giant to repress when bound close to the transcriptional initiation site and found that Giant effectively represses a heterologous promoter when binding sites are located at -55 bp with respect to the start of transcription. Consistent with its role as a short-range repressor, as the binding sites are moved to more distal locations, repression is diminished. Rather than exhibiting a sharp 'step-function' drop-off in activity, however, repression is progressively restricted to areas of highest Giant concentration. Less than a two-fold difference in Giant protein concentration is sufficient to determine a change in transcriptional status of a target gene. This effect demonstrates that Giant protein gradients can be differentially interpreted by target promoters, depending on the exact location of the Giant binding sites within the gene. Thus, in addition to binding site affinity and number, cis element positioning within a promoter can affect the response of a gene to a repressor gradient. We also demonstrate that a chimeric Gal4-Giant protein lacking the basic/zipper domain can specifically repress reporter genes, suggesting that the Giant effector domain is an autonomous repression domain. (+info)

Membrane-tethered Drosophila Armadillo cannot transduce Wingless signal on its own. (6/96713)

Drosophila Armadillo and its vertebrate homolog beta-catenin are key effectors of Wingless/Wnt signaling. In the current model, Wingless/Wnt signal stabilizes Armadillo/beta-catenin, which then accumulates in nuclei and binds TCF/LEF family proteins, forming bipartite transcription factors which activate transcription of Wingless/Wnt responsive genes. This model was recently challenged. Overexpression in Xenopus of membrane-tethered beta-catenin or its paralog plakoglobin activates Wnt signaling, suggesting that nuclear localization of Armadillo/beta-catenin is not essential for signaling. Tethered plakoglobin or beta-catenin might signal on their own or might act indirectly by elevating levels of endogenous beta-catenin. We tested these hypotheses in Drosophila by removing endogenous Armadillo. We generated a series of mutant Armadillo proteins with altered intracellular localizations, and expressed these in wild-type and armadillo mutant backgrounds. We found that membrane-tethered Armadillo cannot signal on its own; however it can function in adherens junctions. We also created mutant forms of Armadillo carrying heterologous nuclear localization or nuclear export signals. Although these signals alter the subcellular localization of Arm when overexpressed in Xenopus, in Drosophila they have little effect on localization and only subtle effects on signaling. This supports a model in which Armadillo's nuclear localization is key for signaling, but in which Armadillo intracellular localization is controlled by the availability and affinity of its binding partners. (+info)

The hematopoietic-specific adaptor protein gads functions in T-cell signaling via interactions with the SLP-76 and LAT adaptors. (7/96713)

BACKGROUND: The adaptor protein Gads is a Grb2-related protein originally identified on the basis of its interaction with the tyrosine-phosphorylated form of the docking protein Shc. Gads protein expression is restricted to hematopoietic tissues and cell lines. Gads contains a Src homology 2 (SH2) domain, which has previously been shown to have a similar binding specificity to that of Grb2. Gads also possesses two SH3 domains, but these have a distinct binding specificity to those of Grb2, as Gads does not bind to known Grb2 SH3 domain targets. Here, we investigated whether Gads is involved in T-cell signaling. RESULTS: We found that Gads is highly expressed in T cells and that the SLP-76 adaptor protein is a major Gads-associated protein in vivo. The constitutive interaction between Gads and SLP-76 was mediated by the carboxy-terminal SH3 domain of Gads and a 20 amino-acid proline-rich region in SLP-76. Gads also coimmunoprecipitated the tyrosine-phosphorylated form of the linker for activated T cells (LAT) adaptor protein following cross-linking of the T-cell receptor; this interaction was mediated by the Gads SH2 domain. Overexpression of Gads and SLP-76 resulted in a synergistic augmentation of T-cell signaling, as measured by activation of nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT), and this cooperation required a functional Gads SH2 domain. CONCLUSIONS: These results demonstrate that Gads plays an important role in T-cell signaling via its association with SLP-76 and LAT. Gads may promote cross-talk between the LAT and SLP-76 signaling complexes, thereby coupling membrane-proximal events to downstream signaling pathways. (+info)

A Drosophila TNF-receptor-associated factor (TRAF) binds the ste20 kinase Misshapen and activates Jun kinase. (8/96713)

Two families of protein kinases that are closely related to Ste20 in their kinase domain have been identified - the p21-activated protein kinase (Pak) and SPS1 families [1-3]. In contrast to Pak family members, SPS1 family members do not bind and are not activated by GTP-bound p21Rac and Cdc42. We recently placed a member of the SPS1 family, called Misshapen (Msn), genetically upstream of the c-Jun amino-terminal (JNK) mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase module in Drosophila [4]. The failure to activate JNK in Drosophila leads to embryonic lethality due to the failure of these embryos to stimulate dorsal closure [5-8]. Msn probably functions as a MAP kinase kinase kinase kinase in Drosophila, activating the JNK pathway via an, as yet, undefined MAP kinase kinase kinase. We have identified a Drosophila TNF-receptor-associated factor, DTRAF1, by screening for Msn-interacting proteins using the yeast two-hybrid system. In contrast to the mammalian TRAFs that have been shown to activate JNK, DTRAF1 lacks an amino-terminal 'Ring-finger' domain, and overexpression of a truncated DTRAF1, consisting of only its TRAF domain, activates JNK. We also identified another DTRAF, DTRAF2, that contains an amino-terminal Ring-finger domain. Msn specifically binds the TRAF domain of DTRAF1 but not that of DTRAF2. In Drosophila, DTRAF1 is thus a good candidate for an upstream molecule that regulates the JNK pathway by interacting with, and activating, Msn. Consistent with this idea, expression of a dominant-negative Msn mutant protein blocks the activation of JNK by DTRAF1. Furthermore, coexpression of Msn with DTRAF1 leads to the synergistic activation of JNK. We have extended some of these observations to the mammalian homolog of Msn, Nck-interacting kinase (NIK), suggesting that TRAFs also play a critical role in regulating Ste20 kinases in mammals. (+info)

"Maltose Binding Protein Expression , NEB". www.neb.com. Retrieved 2016-02-26.[better source needed] Human artificial chromosome ... This makes it suitable for high-efficiency protein production of a recombinant protein. The strong repression of expression in ... For example, the PTAC system is used for fusion protein expression within the PMAL-C2X expression. de Boer, H. A.; Comstock, L ... Bacterial promoters consist of two parts, the '-35' region and the '-10' region (the Pribnow box). These two regions bind the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tac-Promoter

They are also called small or monomeric guanine nucleotide-binding regulatory proteins, small or monomeric GTP-binding proteins ... G protein signaling is terminated by hydrolysis of bound GTP to bound GDP. This can occur through the intrinsic GTPase activity ... For heterotrimeric G proteins and many small GTP-binding proteins, GEF activity is stimulated by cell surface receptors in ... GTP-bound protein to the inactive, GDP-bound state. Most "GTPases" have functional GTPase activity, allowing them to remain ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GTPase

"BioLip". Ligand-Protein Binding Database. Zhang Lab. Tippens ND, Vihervaara A, Lis JT (January 2018). "Enhancer transcription: ... SBK3 has a large conserved catalytic domain specific to the protein kinase superfamily. Nineteen ATP-binding sites found in ... prior research states that it's the region in which the SH3 domain of interacting proteins binds to SBK3. As previously stated ... The 1JC ligand is predicted to interact with the SBK3 protein (97% confidence). This ligand is functionally annotated to bind ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SBK3

... latent transforming growth factor β binding protein 4, and microfibril associated protein 4 In this process tropoelastin, the ... Robertson IB, Horiguchi M, Zilberberg L, Dabovic B, Hadjiolova K, Rifkin DB (September 2015). "Latent TGF-β-binding proteins". ... January 2016). "Characterization of Microfibrillar-associated Protein 4 (MFAP4) as a Tropoelastin- and Fibrillin-binding ... Maintenance of crosslinked elastin is carried out by a number of proteins including lysyl oxidase-like 1 protein. Mature ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elastic_fiber

Plasma protein binding is 60%. Oral bioavailability is 80%. Elimination half-life is 6 hours. Volume of distribution is 4-5 L/ ... "Differential analysis of the frequency-dependent effects of class 1 antiarrhythmic drugs according to periodical ligand binding ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prajmaline

Conformation and ion binding properties". International Journal of Peptide & Protein Research. 6 (6): 465-498.. ... The enniatins act as ionophores that bind ammonium, and they have been proposed as replacements for nonactin in specific ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enniatin

"The human gene for renin-binding protein". J Biol Chem. 267 (18): 13007-13. PMID 1618798. "Entrez Gene: RENBP renin binding ... 1999). "Human renin-binding protein is the enzyme N-acetyl-D-glucosamine 2-epimerase". J. Biochem. 125 (2): 348-53. doi:10.1093 ... 1998). "Human renin binding protein: complete genomic sequence and association of an intronic T/C polymorphism with the ... Takahashi S, Miura R, Miyake Y (1985). "A study on renin binding protein (RnBP) in the human kidney". J. Biochem. 97 (2): 671-7 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RENBP

S100A7, S100 calcium-binding protein A7. This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title Psoriasin. If an ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Psoriasin

Plasma protein binding is over 96%. Trifluridine is metabolised by the enzyme thymidine phosphorylase to 5-trifluoromethyl-2,4( ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trifluridine

Kandori, Hideki (2006). "Retinal Binding Proteins". In Dugave, Christophe (ed.). Cis-trans Isomerization in Biochemistry. Wiley ... "Structural Aspects of Metal Liganding to Functional Groups in Proteins". In Christian B. Anfinsen (ed.). Advances in Protein ... These proteins can specifically catalyze a single reaction, so that reactions can be controlled very precisely. The reaction ... p. 7. ISBN 978-0-12-034242-6. Guo, Liang-Hong; Allen, H.; Hill, O. (1991). "Direct Electrochemistry of Proteins and Enzymes". ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemical_reaction

Eisenberg, D.; McLachlan, A. D. (1986). "Solvation energy in protein folding and binding". Nature. 319 (6050): 199-203. doi: ... This recently recognized protein state provides opportunities to understand cells in health and disease. 1961 - L.J. Henderson ... Lüthy, R.; Bowie, J. U.; Eisenberg, D. (1992). "Assessment of protein models with three-dimensional profiles". Nature. 356 ( ... Eisenberg's current research focuses on the structural biology of amyloidogenic proteins, while his computational efforts ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David_Eisenberg

The S100 calcium-binding protein mS100a7a15 is the murine ortholog of human S100A7 (Psoriasin) and human S100A15 (Koebnerisin ... "Entrez Gene: S100 calcium binding protein A7A". Wolf, R; Voscopoulos, CJ; FitzGerald, PC; Goldsmith, P; Cataisson, C; Gunsior, ... The deduced mS100a7a15 protein sequence has two helix-loop-helix motifs corresponding to the for S100 proteins typical ... S100 proteins are a diverse calcium-binding family that mediate fundamental cellular and extracellular processes including cell ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MS100a7a15

Vo N, Klein ME, Varlamova O, Keller DM, Yamamoto T, Goodman RH, Impey S (2005). "A cAMP-response element binding protein- ... Mooney, C. (2012). "Prediction of Short Linear Protein Binding Receptors". Journal of Molecular Biology. 415 (1): 193-204. doi: ... cAMP-response element binding protein). In neuronal cells BDNF (brain derived neurotrophic factor) is known to induce the ... "MiR-132 Regulates Angiotensin II Type 1 Receptor Expression Through a Protein Coding Region Binding Site". Circulation. 118 (18 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MiR-132

Thus, different atomic solvation parameters should be applied for modeling of protein folding and protein-membrane binding. ... The implicit solvation model breaks down when solvent molecules associate strongly with binding cavities in a protein, so that ... Eisenberg D, McLachlan AD (Jan 1986). "Solvation energy in protein folding and binding". Nature. 319 (6050): 199-203. Bibcode: ... This was sometimes done for interpreting protein engineering and ligand binding energetics, which leads to "solvation" ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Implicit_solvation

DNA-binding protein Transcription factor Razaghi, Ali; Huerlimann, Roger; Owens, Leigh; Heimann, Kirsten (1 December 2015). " ... Murguía, José R.; Serrano, Ramón (2012). "New functions of protein kinase Gcn2 in yeast and mammals". IUBMB Life. 64 (12): 971- ... Gcn4 is a highly conserved protein and its mammalian homolog is known as activating transcription factor-4 (ATF4). ... Overexpression of Gcn4 leads to the reduction in protein synthesis capacity which contributes to Gcn4-mediated increase of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gcn4

Ligand binding sites Ligand binding site SLiMs recruit binding partners to the SLiM containing proteins, often mediating ... Mészáros B, Simon I, Dosztányi Z (May 2009). Casadio R (ed.). "Prediction of protein binding regions in disordered proteins". ... January 2008). "PepCyber:P~PEP: a database of human protein protein interactions mediated by phosphoprotein-binding domains". ... the Retinoblastoma-binding LxCxE motif) or act as aggregators in scaffold proteins (e.g. SH3 domain-binding proline-rich ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Short_linear_motif

Johansson, H. E. (1998). "A thermodynamic analysis of the sequence-specific binding of RNA by bacteriophage MS2 coat protein". ... "RNA binding site of R17 coat protein". Biochemistry. 26 (6): 1563-1568. doi:10.1021/bi00380a011. ISSN 0006-2960. PMID 3297131. ... He studied RNA binding sites and their synthesis. In 1987, he published another one of his most notable articles in the Oxford ... He was a leader in the analysis and understanding of the R17 protein coat. He was initiated into the National Academy of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olke_C._Uhlenbeck

Exaggerated ligand binding results such as SDZ GLC 756 (as used in the figure) were explained by reference to this monomer- ... Levitzki A, Schlessinger J (December 1974). "Cooperativity in associating proteins. Monomer-dimer equilibrium coupled to ligand ... The link was strengthened by experiments in the 1970s which suggested that the binding affinity of antipsychotic drugs for D2 ... Another finding is a six-fold excess of binding sites insensitive to the testing agent, raclopride; Seeman said this increase ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dopamine_hypothesis_of_schizophrenia

Protein-Bound Suspension". Paclitaxel, Protein-Bound Suspension. Cancer.Org. January 6, 2015. Retrieved January 24, 2015.[ ... Product Information: ABRAXANE(R) intravenous injection suspension, paclitaxel protein-bound particles intravenous injection ... Paclitaxel binds to the beta-tubulin subunits of microtubules. The nomenclature for paclitaxel is structured on a tetracyclic ... For example, it is used for in vitro tests of drugs that aim to alter the behavior of microtubule motor proteins, or for ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paclitaxel

The 5' domain and the hinge region act as a pre-rRNA-binding domain. The 3' domain has conserved protein-binding sites. Both ... Both box B/C and C'/D motifs are involved in specific protein interactions and are necessary for the rRNA processing functions ... October 1997). "An in vivo and in vitro structure-function analysis of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae U3A snoRNP: protein-RNA ... structural features that identify the B/C motif of U3 small nucleolar RNA as the recognition site for the Snu13p-Rrp9p protein ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Small_nucleolar_RNA_U3

Potter, K. N.; Li, Y.; Pascual, V.; Capra, J. D. (1997). "Staphylococcal protein a binding to VH3 encoded immunoglobulins". ... These fragments can often be purified or immobilized using protein L, since protein L interacts with the variable region of ... "Protein engineering of antibody binding sites: recovery of specific activity in an anti-digoxin single-chain Fv analogue ... the common binding sites (e.g., protein G) cannot be used to purify antibodies. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Single-chain_variable_fragment

Chen-Plotkin, Alice S.; Lee, Virginia M.-Y.; Trojanowski, John Q. (2010). "TAR DNA-binding protein 43 in neurodegenerative ... "Prion-like protein seeding and the pathobiology of Alzheimer's disease". Walker LC (2018). In: Protein Folding Disorders in the ... Abnormal proteins and Alzheimer's disease Retrieved 2020-04-16. Die Saat des Vergessens (Article on prion-like protein seeding ... Treatment from Brain Tissue May have Spread Alzheimer's Protein Retrieved 2020-05-04. Corrupted Proteins Spread Disease ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lary_Walker

The plasma protein binding of EMP is high. Estramustine is accumulated in tumor tissue, for instance prostate cancer and glioma ... Specifically, it binds to microtubule-associated proteins and/or to tubulin and produces depolymerization of microtubules (Kd ... This may be due to the presence of a specific estramustine-binding protein (EMBP) (Kd = 10-35 nM for estramustine), also known ... Forsgren B (1988). "Estramustine-binding protein in rat and human prostate". Scand J Urol Nephrol Suppl. 107: 56-8. PMID ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estramustine_phosphate

The plasma protein binding of MPA is 88%. It is weakly bound to albumin and is not bound to sex hormone-binding globulin or ... In addition, MPA has been found to suppress sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) production by the liver. At a dosage of 10 mg/ ... The reason for the general lack of virilizing effects with MPA, despite it binding to and activating the AR with high affinity ... However, inhibition of 3α-HSD by MPA does not appear to have been confirmed using human proteins yet, and the concentrations ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medroxyprogesterone_acetate

trpR has a promoter where RNA polymerase binds and synthesizes mRNA for a regulatory protein. The protein that is synthesized ... In B. subtilis, tryptophan binds to the eleven-subunit tryptophan-activated RNA-binding attenuation protein (TRAP), which ... Within the operon's regulatory sequence, the operator is bound to the repressor protein in the presence of tryptophan (thereby ... In the trp operon, tryptophan binds to the repressor protein effectively blocking gene transcription. In this situation, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trp_operon

"NAD(P)-binding Rossmann-fold domains". SCOP: Structural Classification of Proteins. "Nucleotide-binding domain". SCOP: ... Rossmann and Rossmannoid fold proteins are extremely common. They make up 20% of proteins with known structures in the Protein ... The Rossmann fold is a tertiary fold found in proteins that bind nucleotides, such as enzyme cofactors FAD, NAD+, and NADP+. ... They can function as metabolic enzymes, DNA/RNA binding, and regulatory proteins in addition to the traditional role. The ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rossmann_fold

This process is mediated via GTP-binding protein Gs and adenylyl cyclase. PGE1 binds to IP receptors. IP receptors bind with ... The binding of platelets to the sub-endothelial collagen stimulates the secretion of ADP, TXA2, and serotonin present in the ... Kistrin is a protein inhibitor of platelet aggregation. It belongs to the homologous family of glycoprotein IIb-IIa antagonists ... TX2 effects are mediated by G protein-coupled receptors, subtypes TPα and TPβ. Both receptors mediate phospholipase C ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thromboregulation

Zinc finger Two beta strands with an alpha helix end folded over to bind a zinc ion. Important in DNA binding proteins. Helix- ... Three or four consecutive amino acid residues form a cation-binding feature. Sequence motif Short linear motif Protein tandem ... PROSITE Database of protein families and domains SCOP Structural classification of Proteins CATH Class Architecture Topology ... In a chain-like biological molecule, such as a protein or nucleic acid, a structural motif is a common three-dimensional ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Structural_motif

... s are electron-transfer proteins. Flavodoxin is a bacterial protein that includes flavin mononucleotide. The ... binding, function and beyond". Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences. 63 (7-8): 855-864. doi:10.1007/s00018-005-5514-4. PMID ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flavodoxin

The plasma protein binding of levonorgestrel is about 98%. It is bound 50% to albumin and 48% to SHBG. Levonorgestrel is ... is a weakly androgenic progestin and in women may cause androgenic side effects such as decreased sex hormone-binding globulin ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Levonorgestrel

Compare S100P binding protein Biomolecules from leading suppliers on Biocompare. View specifications, prices, citations, ... Protein Deglycosylation Mix II (P6044S) Effectively Removes Sugars from Antibodies Protein Deglycosylation Mix II (P6044S) ...

https://www.biocompare.com/pfu/110875/soids/1299734/Biomolecules/S100P_binding_protein

DNA-binding protein Single-strand binding protein Telomere-binding protein RNA-binding protein Poly(A)-binding protein Nuclear ... binding protein Syntaxin binding protein 2 Oxysterol-binding protein E3 binding protein Iron-responsive element-binding protein ... cap-binding protein complex CREB-binding protein Calcium-binding protein Calcium-binding protein 1 S100 calcium-binding protein ... C4b-binding protein Rap GTP-binding protein Calmodulin-binding proteins Iron-binding proteins Thyroxine-binding proteins Folate ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Binding_protein

protein binding. • lipid binding. • receptor binding. • lipopolysaccharide binding. • lipopeptide binding. Cellular component. ... Lipopolysaccharide binding protein. From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. (Redirected from Lipopolysaccharide-binding protein) ... 1994). "Bactericidal/permeability-increasing protein and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-binding protein. LPS binding properties and ... Lipopolysaccharide binding protein is a protein that in humans is encoded by the LBP gene.[5][6] ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lipopolysaccharide-binding_protein

Androgen-Binding+Protein at the US National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) Ensembl Gene ref Protein ref. ... Androgen-binding protein (ABP) is a glycoprotein (beta-globulin) produced by the Sertoli cells in the seminiferous tubules of ... "Extracellular androgen binding proteins". Annual Review of Physiology. 43: 189-98. doi:10.1146/annurev.ph.43.030181.001201. ... "Secretion and role of androgen-binding proteins in the testis and epididymis". Journal of Reproduction and Fertility. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Androgen-binding_protein

GTP-binding protein regulators regulate G proteins in several different ways. Small GTPases act as molecular switches in ... Another class of regulatory proteins, the Guanosine nucleotide dissociation inhibitors (GDIs), bind to the GDP-bound form of ... between the GTP-bound and GDP-bound form, regulated by other regulatory proteins. ... They are active or ON when it is bound to GTP and inactive or OFF when bound to GDP.[1] Activation and deactivation of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GTP-binding_protein_regulators

One is related to protein folding and binding, and the other is related to the diffusion of a protein in space. During binding ... The capture radius of fly-casting binding could be affected by many factors, including protein binding affinity and limitations ... The binding of proteins to various substrates in a biological system is a basic but essential process to maintain the function ... The mechanisms underlying protein binding have been the focus of theoretical and experimental research for many years. Many ...

http://www.redorbit.com/news/science/1112447984/temperature-entropy-and-protein-binding/

We combine protein signatures from a number of member databases into a single searchable resource, capitalising on their ... InterPro provides functional analysis of proteins by classifying them into families and predicting domains and important sites ... Phosphatidylethanolamine-binding protein (IPR008914) *Phosphatidylethanolamine-binding protein, eukaryotic (IPR035810). *YbhB/ ... The PEBP (PhosphatidylEthanolamine-Binding Protein) family is a highly conserved group of proteins that have been identified in ...

http://www.ebi.ac.uk/interpro/entry/IPR008914

http://www.ebi.ac.uk/interpro/protein/Q92793

Cholesterol-binding cytolysins (CBCs) are a large family of 50- to 60-kDa single-chain proteins produced by 23 taxonomically ... Membrane cholesterol is thought to be the toxin-binding site at the surface of eukaryotic cells. Toxins molecules bind as ... The deduced primary structure of the proteins shows obvious sequence homology particularly in the C-terminal part and a ...

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11111910?dopt=Abstract

Human protein-coding gene RBBP6. Represented by 594 ESTs from 250 cDNA libraries. Corresponds to 3 reference sequences ( ... Protein sequence * * Protein/EST matches (ProtEST) * * Protein/protein matches (BLink) * retinoblastoma-binding protein 6 ... Protein/EST matches (ProtEST) * * Protein/protein matches (BLink) * PREDICTED: retinoblastoma-binding protein 6 isoform 5. M. ... Protein sequence * * Protein/EST matches (ProtEST) * * Protein/protein matches (BLink) * PREDICTED: E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase ...

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/UniGene/clust.cgi?ORG=Hs&CID=188553

The main reason doctors order the IGF binding protein-3 (IGFBP3) test is to see if a person is producing a normal amount of ... Insulin-like growth factor binding protein 3 (IGFBP-3) is the main carrier of somatomedin C (also called insulin-like growth ... Blood levels of both these proteins are controlled by human growth hormone (hGH), a hormone thats produced by the pituitary ...

http://kidshealth.org/LAWW/en/parents/test-igfbp3.html

... employing ten different recombinant plant bZIP proteins demonstrated that nucleotides flanking the ACGT core affected binding ... Plant bZIP proteins exhibit a relaxed DNA-binding specificity for DNA sequence motifs containing an ACGT core. Gel mobility ... Group 1 proteins exhibit a stronger binding affinity for G-box elements, group 2 proteins bind both G-box and C-box motifs with ... Plant bZIP protein DNA binding specificity J Mol Biol. 1993 Apr 20;230(4):1131-44. doi: 10.1006/jmbi.1993.1230. ...

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8487298/?dopt=Abstract

The modular architecture of protein-protein binding interfaces. D. Reichmann, O. Rahat, S. Albeck, R. Meged, O. Dym, G. ... The modular architecture of protein-protein binding interfaces. D. Reichmann, O. Rahat, S. Albeck, R. Meged, O. Dym, G. ... is the driving force behind tight binding. A protein-protein binding site is not just a conglomerate of proximate residues ... The modular architecture of protein-protein binding interfaces. D. Reichmann, O. Rahat, S. Albeck, R. Meged, O. Dym, and G. ...

https://www.pnas.org/content/102/1/57

n-Sec1 binds to syntaxin 1a, 2, and 3 fusion proteins coupled to agarose beads, but not to syntaxin 4 fusion protein or beads ... n-Sec1: a neural-specific syntaxin-binding protein.. J Pevsner, S C Hsu, and R H Scheller ... These findings indicate that n-Sec1 is a neural-specific, syntaxin-binding protein that may participate in the regulation of ... The rat brain cDNA is predicted to encode a 68-kDa protein with 65% amino acid identity to Drosophila rop, 59% identity to ...

https://www.pnas.org/content/91/4/1445?ijkey=c1a40ad81e654f9c499b9c464ba60038ec7e1c05&keytype2=tf_ipsecsha

Calcium Binding Proteins in Non-Muscle Tissues. * Front Matter Pages 91-91 ... Calmodulin and Calmodulin Binding Proteins During Differentiation of Human Intestinal Brush Borders ... the other sessions were devoted to calmodulin-related calcium binding proteins in muscle and non- muscle tissues and to some ... Calcium Binding to Troponin C and the Regulation of Muscle Contraction: a Comparative Approach ...

https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-3-642-73042-9

C4b-binding protein elevates as an acute phase protein that may lead to enhanced protein S binding and decreased free protein S ... In blood, PS exists in a free and bound state. Sixty percent to 70% of plasma protein S circulates complexed to C4b-binding ... resulting in increased protein S binding and a theoretically relative deficiency of free protein S. Acquired deficiency of free ... protein S due to acute phase elevation of C4b binding protein has been disputed.7 C4bBP is elevated in inflammation, pregnancy ...

https://www.labcorp.com/test-menu/21541/c4-binding-protein

Single-Stranded DNA Binding Protein binds with high affinity to single-stranded DNA but does not bind well to double-stranded ... E. coli Single-Stranded DNA Binding Protein (SSB) consists of four identical 18.9kDa subunits that cooperatively bind to single ... Cooperatively Binds ssDNA with High Affinity. *Consists of four identical 18.9kDa subunits ... This protein is involved in DNA replication and in recombination in vivo. ...

https://www.promega.com/products/cloning-and-dna-markers/molecular-biology-enzymes-and-reagents/single_stranded-dna-binding-protein/

The inhibition of the direct interaction between ACE2 and the S-protein could provides a suitable strategy to prevent the ... Using MD simulations, we investigate the assembly process of a Coronavirus Spike protein fragment, the hexapeptide YKYRYL on ... and its inhibitzory effect on the aggregation and activation of the CoV-2 spike receptor protein at the same receptor protein. ... protein of CoV-2 is one target for the development of a vaccine to prevent the viral entry into human cells. ...

https://www.news-medical.net/news/20200608/Inhibition_coronavirus_spike_protein_binding_ACE2.aspx

... is a highly-conserved protein found in the cells of all eukaryotes from yeast to humans. The protein binds activated fatt... ... AcylCoA Binding Protein (thing). See all of AcylCoA Binding Protein, no other writeups in this node. ... AcylCoA binding protein (ACBP) is a highly-conserved protein found in the cells of all eukaryotes from yeast to humans. The ... protein binds activated fatty acids (acylCoAs) with an extremely high affinity and is thought to be the intracellular carrier ...

https://everything2.com/user/BioTech/writeups/AcylCoA+Binding+Protein

Na+-dependent proteins Sodium: An alkali metal (Na) with atomic number 11. Sodium ion (Na+) is essential for numerous ... Sodium-binding protein: Any protein or enzyme that requires the binding of a sodium ion to its structural stability or ... Lev B., Roux B., Noskov S.Y. (2013) Sodium-Binding Site Types in Proteins. In: Kretsinger R.H., Uversky V.N., Permyakov E.A. ( ... Several studies regarding the evolution of Na+-binding proteins suggest that its abundance in the water... ...

https://link.springer.com/referenceworkentry/10.1007/978-1-4614-1533-6_242

Protein-analysis] DNA binding protein purification. Itisam Sarangi via proteins%40net.bio.net (by itisam.sarangi from gmail.com ... Previous message: [Protein-analysis] PREDITOP *Next message: [Protein-analysis] Re: Protocol needed from study the protein ... Previous message: [Protein-analysis] PREDITOP *Next message: [Protein-analysis] Re: Protocol needed from study the protein ... Dear all Presently I am trying to purifying a DNA binding protein from E.coli..and trying to remove the contaminating DNA... I ...

http://www.bio.net/bionet/mm/proteins/2008-April/012384.html

The level of protein binding of a drug indicates... ... binding is an interaction in which a drug binds to proteins in ... Newly developed drugs may be tested for their tendency to bind to proteins using a protein binding assay. This can be performed ... thedoctor-I think I remember this article; they actually used protein binding assays to find metal binding proteins in seafood ... Binding of Drugs. The proteins commonly involved in binding with drugs are albumin, lipoproteins, and a1-acid-glycoprotein (AGP ...

https://www.wisegeek.com/what-is-protein-binding.htm

... For the first time, researchers have designed a protein from scratch that can bind a specific ... which fluoresces green only when bound to a protein. Of these, 20 folded into monomeric proteins when synthesized, and two of ... A designed protein with a β-barrel structure (backbone shown on left, space-filling shown on right) can bind a specific small ... Yet natural protein binding sites often occur within a three-dimensional structure called a β-barrel-a β-sheet twisted to form ...

https://cen.acs.org/physical-chemistry/periodic-table/Designer-protein-tackles-binding/96/i37

The accurate prediction of protein-peptide binding without prior structural knowledge will ultimately enable better functional ... properties important for binding and when used to scan the surface of target proteins can accurately identify candidate binding ... involves a domain from one protein binding to a linear peptide stretch of another. Many methods identify peptides mediating ... We show that spatial atomic position specific scoring matrices of binding sites for each peptide residue can capture the ...

https://journals.plos.org/ploscompbiol/article?id=10.1371/journal.pcbi.1000335

The PDB archive contains information about experimentally-determined structures of proteins, nucleic acids, and complex ... White boxes represent UTRs (untranslated regions). Orange: protein coding regions. The black lines connecting boxes represent ...

https://www.rcsb.org/pdb/gene/RBP4

Regulation of this binding is therefore likely to be an important determinant of promoter activity. Incorporation of the TATA ... BINDING of the TATA-binding protein (TBP) to the TATA box is required for transcription from many eukaryotic promoters in gene ... Facilitated binding of TATA-binding protein to nucleosomal DNA Nature. 1994 Aug 11;370(6489):481-5. doi: 10.1038/370481a0. ... BINDING of the TATA-binding protein (TBP) to the TATA box is required for transcription from many eukaryotic promoters in gene ...

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8047170/?dopt=Abstract

S. Zhang and M. C. Mehdy, "Binding of a 50-kD protein to a U-rich sequence in an mRNA encoding a proline-rich protein that is ... RNA-Binding Proteins in Plant Immunity. Virginia Woloshen,1,2 Shuai Huang,1,2 and Xin Li1,2 ... N. V. Fedoroff, "RNA-binding proteins in plants: the tip of an iceberg?" Current Opinion in Plant Biology, vol. 5, no. 5, pp. ... Z. Q. Fu, M. Guo, B. R. Jeong et al., "A type III effector ADP-ribosylates RNA-binding proteins and quells plant immunity," ...

https://www.hindawi.com/journals/jpath/2011/278697/ref/

Thank you for your interest in spreading the word about Science.. NOTE: We only request your email address so that the person you are recommending the page to knows that you wanted them to see it, and that it is not junk mail. We do not capture any email address.. ...

http://science.sciencemag.org/content/287/5456/1165.8

CalPred is a "tool for EF-hand calcium binding protein prediction and calcium binding region identification" using machine ...

http://bioinformatics.org/wiki/Calcium_binding_protein_predictor

... to allow unambiguous identification of a protein.,p>,a href=/help/protein_names target=_top>More...,/a>,/p>Protein namesi. ... DNA damage-binding protein 2ARBA annotation. ,p>Information which has been generated by the UniProtKB automatic annotation ... PROSITE; a protein domain and family database. More...PROSITEi. View protein in PROSITE. PS00678, WD_REPEATS_1, 1 hit. ... Damage-specific DNA-binding protein 2ARBA annotation. Automatic assertion according to rulesi ...

https://www.uniprot.org/uniprot/A0A3B4GCD4

Lectins are proteins that bind to sugar residues on surface receptors and are not catalytically active, meaning they do not accelerate chemical processes. (thebioscientist.org)
For example, non-receptor tyrosine kinases are found in the cytoplasm (not membrane-bound) and transfer the γ-phosphate of ATP to tyrosine residues of other proteins, often turning these proteins "on" or "off" in the context of their respective signaling pathway. (rbwculpepper.info)

in reality, many of these enzymes are multi-domain proteins that can exist in multiple conformational states, participate in multiple protein-protein interactions, and experience a gradient of variable activity levels depending on these states. (rbwculpepper.info)

The researchers discovered that the bacterial protein lectin LecB is present in chronically infected human wounds, therefore making it possible for Pseudomonas aeruginosa to remain in those wounds. (thebioscientist.org)

Normally, the binding of growth factors to growth factor receptors activates so-called downstream signaling pathways, which accelerate tissue growth. (thebioscientist.org)

IκBs are a family of related proteins that have an N-terminal regulatory domain, followed by six or more ankyrin repeats and a PEST domain near their C terminus. (rbwculpepper.info)

Lipopolysaccharide binding protein is a protein that in humans is encoded by the LBP gene . (wikipedia.org)
The protein encoded by this gene is involved in the acute-phase immunologic response to gram-negative bacterial infections. (wikipedia.org)
First, we used MiMIC technology to tag the still life (sif) gene, the fly homologue - that is, the fly's functional counterpart - of human DNMBP, with green fluorescent protein (GFP). (eurekalert.org)
BINDING of the TATA-binding protein (TBP) to the TATA box is required for transcription from many eukaryotic promoters in gene expression. (nih.gov)
We propose that the dynamic remodelling of chromatin structure to allow TBP binding is a key step in the regulation of eukaryotic gene expression. (nih.gov)
p>This section provides information about the protein and gene name(s) and synonym(s) and about the organism that is the source of the protein sequence. (uniprot.org)
When a protein-coding gene is turned on, its DNA sequence gets copied into a messenger RNA molecule, which is then translated into a protein that carries out a specific function. (eurekalert.org)
Less well understood are RNA binding proteins, such as IGF2BP3, which interact with the messenger RNA itself to regulate gene expression after transcription has occurred. (eurekalert.org)
This dual activity may depend on how the protein interacts with an important gene-silencing pathway mediated by short pieces of RNA called microRNAs. (eurekalert.org)
MicroRNAs can help silence gene expression by binding to messenger RNA as part of a complex known as the RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC). (eurekalert.org)
This protein is encoded by the gene S100A1. (biocompare.com)
Within this genomic interval, an insertion/deletion polymorphism of 36 bp in the coding region of the latent TGF-β-binding protein 4 gene (Ltbp4) was found. (jci.org)
Recent genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified syntaxin-binding protein 5 ( STXBP5 ) as a candidate gene linked to changes in vWF plasma levels, though the functional relationship between STXBP5 and vWF is unknown. (jci.org)
You can select a given mouse superfamily member and download (or forward to NCBI BLAST) FASTA formatted protein sequences of that mouse gene and its mouse, human and rat homologs, as defined in the corresponding HomoloGene Class. (jax.org)
The study found that these binding patterns and the resulting gene activation act like a key to different cancer types , allowing the researchers to understand the biology of cancer at its most basic level. (stanford.edu)
Once the protein attaches to the site, a new gene is expressed, causing significant biological changes. (stanford.edu)
The LIN28 protein is linked to growth and development and is important very early in human development," said principal investigator Gene Yeo, PhD, MBA, of the Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, the Stem Cell Research Program and the Institute for Genomic Medicine at UC San Diego. (ucsd.edu)
This process, known as autoregulation, helps to maintain a so-called "steady-state" system in which a protein positively regulates its own production by binding to a regulatory element of the mRNA for the gene coding it. (ucsd.edu)
In the splicing process, fragments that do not typically code for protein, called introns, are removed from gene transcripts, and the remaining sequences, called exons, are reconnected. (ucsd.edu)
The splicing factor proteins themselves, as well as the location where these proteins bind, dictate which pieces of the RNA are included or excluded in the final gene transcript - in much the same way that removing and inserting scenes, or splicing, can alter the plot of a movie. (ucsd.edu)
Retinol-binding proteins and retinoic acid play important roles in the modulation of gene expression and overall development of an embryo. (prospecbio.com)
GWAS have consistently identified the gene encoding syntaxin-binding protein 5 (STXBP5) in this context. (jci.org)
Down-regulation of T1A12/mac25, a novel insulin-like growth factor binding protein related gene, is associated with disease progression in breast carcinomas," Oncogene, 16:2459-67 (1998). (freepatentsonline.com)
Nevertheless, understanding of posttranscriptional regulation (a type of gene regulation) remains limited, in particular about the roles played by RNA-binding proteins (RBP) in myocardial infarction and the development of heart disease. (news-medical.net)

Recombinant proteins for S100 calcium binding protein A1 are available from various sources. (biocompare.com)
Your search returned 81 Proteins S100 calcium binding protein A1 Recombinant Proteins across 21 suppliers. (biocompare.com)

A binding protein is any protein that acts as an agent to bind two or more molecules together. (wikipedia.org)
Toxins molecules bind as monomers to the membrane surface with subsequent oligomerization into arc-and ring-shaped structures surrounding large pores generated by this process. (nih.gov)
The deduced primary structure of the proteins shows obvious sequence homology particularly in the C-terminal part and a characteristic common consensus sequence containing a unique Cys residue (ECTGLAWEWWR) near the C-terminus of the molecules (except pyolysin and intermedilysin). (nih.gov)
The structures of the different regulatory RNA molecules are shown left, their preferred protein binding partners on the right. (innovations-report.com)
New findings from Vogel's team have now been published in the journal PNAS: So far, two proteins (Hfg and CsrA) have been known to bind closely to the bacteria's regulatory RNA molecules and influence their activities. (innovations-report.com)
Protein binding describes the ability of proteins to form bonds with other substances, and most commonly refers to the bonding of drugs to these molecules in blood plasma , red blood cells, other components of the blood, and to tissue membranes. (wisegeek.com)
Proteins are very large, and enormously complex, molecules consisting of chains of amino acids joined by peptide bonds, and they can take on a variety of complicated shapes. (wisegeek.com)
They can bond with molecules, including other proteins, at particular places known as binding sites, which often consist of indentations into which other molecules, or parts of them, can neatly fit. (wisegeek.com)
In other cases, molecules may bind more strongly. (wisegeek.com)
After a given time interval the bound and unbound portions are separated - for example, by using a very fine filter that will not allow large protein molecules to pass through - and the extent of binding can then be determined. (wisegeek.com)
Being able to design proteins that can bind to specific, chosen targets would open up a world of possibilities, including medicines targeting previously undruggable pathways and chemical sensors that detect specific molecules. (acs.org)
Upon exposure, target molecules bind to these receptors and effectively change the surface dipole moment of the semicircle. (nsti.org)
Members of the CREB binding protein (CBP)/p300 family have been shown to influence development by (1) acting as bridging molecules between the basal transcriptional machinery and specific DNA-binding transcription factors, (2) physically interacting with terminal members of signaling cascades, (3) acting as transcriptional coactivators of downstream target genes, and (4) playing a key role in chromatin remodeling. (genetics.org)
In nature, building such structures is achieved by evolutionary optimized protein molecules and complex biological machinery. (kth.se)
In the lab, Lendel says, the team used the inherent ability of protein molecules to spontaneously form orderly nanometer-sized fibers - or fibrils. (kth.se)
Messenger RNA or mRNA, are RNA molecules that encode a chemical 'blueprint' for the synthesis of a protein. (ucsd.edu)
Using genome-wide biochemical methods to look at the set of all RNA molecules across the transcriptome, the researchers found that LIN28 recognizes and binds to a known hairpin-like structure found on the let-7 family of miRNA, but surprisingly, this same structure is also found on mRNAs, allowing LIN28 to directly regulate thousands of targets. (ucsd.edu)
But how would I use this ratio to determine the probability of a protein binding to 5 or more ligand molecules? (physicsforums.com)
Do membrane proteins cluster without binding between molecules? (scirp.org)
All of the molecules in our bodies function in water, but until now, we haven't had a lot of experimental techniques to understand what water is doing or where it is binding to the interior surfaces of proteins. (bnl.gov)
A team of scientists from Case Western Reserve University used the National Synchrotron Light Source (NSLS) at Brookhaven National Laboratory to develop a technique that pinpoints the location and motion of water molecules bound to proteins. (bnl.gov)
Measuring the exchange rate of water ( 16 O) versus heavy water ( 18 O) shows how fast the mass of the peptide changes due to bound water molecules. (bnl.gov)
This study is quite probably the inspiration behind 'The discreet charm', which is a personal, and passionate story of how proteins interact with other chemical moieties, be it organic molecules or other proteins. (ebooks.com)

What is the most important information I should know about paclitaxel protein-bound? (rexhealth.com)
Paclitaxel protein-bound is a cancer medicine that interferes with the growth and spread of cancer cells in the body. (rexhealth.com)
Paclitaxel protein-bound is used to treat cancer of the breast, lung, or pancreas. (rexhealth.com)
Paclitaxel protein-bound is sometimes given with other cancer medicines. (rexhealth.com)
Paclitaxel protein-bound may also be used for purposes not listed in this medication guide. (rexhealth.com)
What should I discuss with my healthcare provider before receiving paclitaxel protein-bound? (rexhealth.com)
an allergic reaction to medicines like paclitaxel protein-bound (such as cabazitaxel or docetaxel). (rexhealth.com)
If you are a woman, do not use paclitaxel protein-bound if you are pregnant. (rexhealth.com)
Tell your doctor right away if a pregnancy occurs while either the mother or the father is using paclitaxel protein-bound. (rexhealth.com)
How is paclitaxel protein-bound given? (rexhealth.com)
Paclitaxel protein-bound is given as an infusion into a vein. (rexhealth.com)
Tell your caregivers if you feel any burning, pain, or swelling around the IV needle when paclitaxel protein-bound is injected. (rexhealth.com)
Paclitaxel protein-bound can lower your blood cell counts. (rexhealth.com)
Call your doctor for instructions if you miss an appointment for your paclitaxel protein-bound injection. (rexhealth.com)
What should I avoid while using paclitaxel protein-bound? (rexhealth.com)
Paclitaxel protein-bound can be harmful if it gets in your eyes, mouth, or nose, or on your skin. (rexhealth.com)
What are the possible side effects of paclitaxel protein-bound? (rexhealth.com)
In some cases, health care professionals may use the trade name Abraxane® when referring to the generic drug name paclitaxel (protein bound). (chemocare.com)
Paclitaxel (protein bound) is an anti-cancer ("antineoplastic" or "cytotoxic") chemotherapy drug. (chemocare.com)
Paclitaxel (protein bound) is administered into a vein by intravenous (IV) injection through a central line or a peripheral venous line. (chemocare.com)
Paclitaxel (protein bound) is generally given over 30 minutes. (chemocare.com)
Paclitaxel (protein bound) is an irritant. (chemocare.com)
The nurse or doctor who gives paclitaxel (protein bound) must be carefully trained. (chemocare.com)
If you experience pain or notice redness or swelling at the IV site while you are receiving paclitaxel (protein bound), alert your health care professional immediately. (chemocare.com)
The amount of paclitaxel (protein bound) that you will receive depends on many factors, including your height and weight, your general health or other health problems, and the type of cancer or condition you have. (chemocare.com)
There are many options to minimize or prevent the side effects of paclitaxel (protein bound). (chemocare.com)
The following side effects are common (occurring in greater than 30%) for patients taking paclitaxel (protein bound). (chemocare.com)
Arthralgias and myalgias - pain in the joints and muscles (usually temporary occurring 2-3 days after paclitaxel (protein bound). (chemocare.com)
Before starting paclitaxel (protein bound) treatment, make sure you tell your doctor about any other medications you are taking (including prescription, over-the-counter, vitamins, herbal remedies, etc. (chemocare.com)
The information below refers to medicines available in the United States that contain paclitaxel protein-bound. (drugs.com)
Using iodoquinol together with PACLitaxel protein-bound may increase the risk of nerve damage, which is a potential side effect of both medications. (drugs.com)
Grapefruits and grapefruit juice may increase the blood levels and effects of PACLitaxel protein-bound. (drugs.com)

This document assesses the correspondence between retinol and retinol-binding protein (RBP), as well as the stability of RBP subjected to varying temperature conditions over time, the effect of light, and the feasibility of using dried blood spots. (path.org)
Retinol-binding proteins (RBP) are a family of proteins with several functions. (prospecbio.com)
They are carrier proteins that bind retinol. (prospecbio.com)
Assessment retinol-binding protein is often used to determine visceral protein mass in nutritional studies related to health. (prospecbio.com)
Retinol-binding proteins have been identified in the uterus, embryo and extraembryonic tissue of the ovine, bovine and porcine. (prospecbio.com)
This indicates that Retinol-binding proteins plays a role in proper retinol exposure to the embryo and successful transport at the maternal-fetal interface. (prospecbio.com)
More research is required to determine the effects of poor Retinol-binding proteins expression on pregnancy and threshold levels. (prospecbio.com)
Retinol-binding proteins plays an important role in the differentiation and growth of various body tissues. (prospecbio.com)
In a mature animal, retinol is transported from the liver via the circulatory system while bound to Retinol-binding proteins to the desired target tissue. (prospecbio.com)
The process by which Retinol-binding proteins releases retinol for cellular availability is still being researched and has not been determined as of yet. (prospecbio.com)
CRABPs, cellular retinoic acid-binding proteins that can bind retinol and retinoic acid. (prospecbio.com)
Retinol-binding protein (RBP) are carrier proteins which bind retinol (vitamin A alcohol). (proteopedia.org)
Retinol is being protected from oxidation and becomes soluble when bound to RBP. (proteopedia.org)
RBP is used to assess vitamin A deficiency as it binds 1:1 to retinol [3] . (proteopedia.org)
Filteau SM, Willumsen JF, Sullivan K, Simmank K, Gamble M. Use of the retinol-binding protein: transthyretin ratio for assessment of vitamin A status during the acute-phase response. (proteopedia.org)
Cabre A, Lazaro I, Girona J, Manzanares J, Marimon F, Plana N, Heras M, Masana L. Retinol-binding protein 4 as a plasma biomarker of renal dysfunction and cardiovascular disease in type 2 diabetes. (proteopedia.org)
Crystal structure of human cellular retinol-binding protein II to 1.2 A resolution. (proteopedia.org)

ZBP is a member of the heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein (hnRNP) family of proteins that also includes hnRNP A2 and Fragile X mental retardation protein (FMRP). (jneurosci.org)

n-Sec1: a neural-specific syntaxin-binding protein. (pnas.org)
These findings indicate that n-Sec1 is a neural-specific, syntaxin-binding protein that may participate in the regulation of synaptic vesicle docking and fusion. (pnas.org)

This study examined the proportion of LMM biomarkers, which are bound to circulating carrier proteins. (hindawi.com)
Mass spectroscopic analysis of human serum following molecular mass fractionation, demonstrated that the majority of LMM biomarkers exist bound to carrier proteins. (hindawi.com)
Several insights emerged: a) Accumulation of LMM biomarkers on circulating carrier proteins greatly amplifies the total serum/plasma concentration of the measurable biomarker, b) The total serum/plasma biomarker concentration is largely determined by the carrier protein clearance rate, not the unbound biomarker clearance rate itself, and c) Examination of the LMM species bound to a specific carrier protein may contain important diagnostic information. (hindawi.com)

Incorporation of the TATA sequence into nucleosomes dramatically reduces transcription initiation, presumably because of stereochemical constraints on binding of general transcription factors. (nih.gov)
Specifically, it evaluates chromatin's relationship to transcription factors - proteins that play a crucial role in managing which genes are activated within cells. (stanford.edu)
Certain genes are turned on or off based on how transcription factors bind to specific parts of the chromatin. (stanford.edu)
Individual cells within the eye are exposed to many extracellular signals, express multiple surface receptors, and make use of a large complement of cell-subtype-specific DNA-binding transcription factors. (genetics.org)
Thus, creating such a precise array of unit eyes reproducibly using multiple diffusible signals is an impressive feat. A key question is: How does an individual cell correctly relay the multiple bits of information received at the cell surface to the appropriate assortment of specific DNA-binding transcription factors and how is this information correctly used during cell fate decisions. (genetics.org)
A potential solution to this paradigm is to have a ubiquitously expressed protein act as a conduit for linking signaling pathways to nuclear transcription factors by interacting with (1) terminal members of the many signaling cascades and (2) the specific combination of transcription factors that are expressed in each different cell type. (genetics.org)
We endow transcription factors with the ability to deposit a transposon into the genome near to where they bind. (genetics.org)

type proteasome subunit and a transformer-2-like SR-related protein: early induction of the corresponding genes in tobacco cells treated with cryptogein," Plant Molecular Biology , vol. 35, no. 3, pp. 261-269, 1997. (hindawi.com)
Regulation of plant innate immunity by three proteins in a complex conserved across the plant and animal kingdoms," Genes and Development , vol. 21, no. 12, pp. 1484-1493, 2007. (hindawi.com)
The research focuses on chromatin, the DNA-protein complex where all genes reside. (stanford.edu)
Genes bound by SP1 are more likely to be expressed in the HCT116 cell line we used, and SP1-bound CpG islands show a strong preference to be unmethylated. (genetics.org)
While they don't encode for proteins, miRNAs are important for regulating protein production in the cell by repressing or "turning off" genes. (ucsd.edu)
The discovery of thousands of precise binding sites for LIN28 within human genes offers a novel look at the role this protein plays in development and disease processes. (ucsd.edu)

Small GTPases act as molecular switches in signaling pathways, which act to regulate functions of other proteins. (wikipedia.org)
S. van Nocker and R. D. Vierstra, "Two cDNAs from Arabidopsis thaliana encode putative RNA binding proteins containing glycine-rich domains," Plant Molecular Biology , vol. 21, no. 4, pp. 695-699, 1993. (hindawi.com)
New findings from Sanford's lab at UC Santa Cruz, where he is an associate professor of molecular, cell, and developmental biology, point toward a possible mechanism by which this protein drives metastasis. (eurekalert.org)
Instead, their test tube was filled with some "contaminant": A high molecular weight polymer they would soon identify as the first actin-binding protein, later called filamin A. (the-scientist.com)
Due to the extremely small cross section of the conductive path (50 nm x 50 nm), changes close to the surface significantly affect the apparent conduction in the semicircle and can be monitored electronically to determine the occurrence of molecular binding events. (nsti.org)
We report here the identification of one such human cellular Rb-associated protein of relative molecular mass 46,000 (46K) (RbAP46). (nature.com)
Indeed their excitement was shared by many researchers who, over the next decade, characterized the dendritic presence of the molecular machinery required for protein synthesis. (jneurosci.org)
According to the researchers, their study - published in the September 6 online issue of Molecular Cell - will change how scientists view this protein and its impact on human disease. (ucsd.edu)
The strain-specificity of these proteins demonstrates the need for the careful molecular design and selection of probiotics,' says Dr Juge. (ei-resource.org)

Examples include: DNA-binding protein Single-strand binding protein Telomere-binding protein RNA-binding protein Poly(A)-binding protein Nuclear cap-binding protein complex CREB-binding protein Calcium-binding protein Calcium-binding protein 1 S100 calcium-binding protein A1 TATA-binding protein Actin-binding protein Most actin binding proteins bind on the actin surface, despite having different functions and structures. (wikipedia.org)
The structures of the complex ( 17 ) and of the unbound proteins ( 18 , 19 ) have been determined to high resolution. (pnas.org)
We can now build an unlimited number of protein structures from scratch and optimize them for the function that we really want," says David Baker of the University of Washington, Seattle, who led the work. (acs.org)
Serre L, Pereira de Jesus K, Zelwer C, Bureaud N, Schoentgen F, Benedetti H. Crystal structures of YBHB and YBCL from Escherichia coli, two bacterial homologues to a Raf kinase inhibitor protein. (labome.org)
This book is a passionate account of the scientific breakthroughs that led to the solution of the first protein structures and to the understanding of their function at atomic resolution. (ebooks.com)

The control of the latter two pathways involves the PEBP protein RKIP, which interacts with MEK and Raf-1 to inhibit the MAP kinase pathway, and with TAK1, NIK, IKKalpha and IKKbeta to inhibit the NF-kappaB pathway. (ebi.ac.uk)
A family of heterotrimeric GTP-binding protein alpha subunits that activate PHOSPHOLIPASE C dependent signaling pathways. (labome.org)

The S2 subunit of the S protein has a receptor-binding domain (RBD) that fits the ACE2 molecule. (news-medical.net)
The receptor-binding motif (RBM) is an extended insertion between a pair of beta-sheets, and this binds to the N-terminal end of the ACE2 molecule. (news-medical.net)
The chemical properties of the binding site, and the other molecule, are also important: bonding will only take place if it is chemically feasible. (wisegeek.com)
It has four sites that can bind to an oxygen molecule. (wisegeek.com)
Acidic and neutral compounds will tend to bond with albumin, which is basic, while basic substances will primarily bind to the acidic AGP molecule. (wisegeek.com)
A designed protein with a β-barrel structure (backbone shown on left, space-filling shown on right) can bind a specific small molecule (green, right). (acs.org)
Now, researchers report in Nature that they've achieved the task, creating a 110-amino-acid protein, unlike any in nature, that binds a specific molecule, activating it to glow green in cells ( Nature 2018, DOI: 10.1038/s41586-018-0509-0 ). (acs.org)
We present the fabrication and characterization of a nano-scale sensor made of amorphous silicon (a-Si) for electronic detection of small molecule -protein binding. (nsti.org)

The inactive form of GTPases (GDP-form) are activated by a class of proteins called Guanosine nucleotide exchange factors (GEFs). (wikipedia.org)
Another class of regulatory proteins, the Guanosine nucleotide dissociation inhibitors (GDIs), bind to the GDP-bound form of Rho and Rab small GTPases and not only prevent exchange (maintaining the small GTPase in an off-state), but also prevent the small GTPase from localizing at the membrane, which is their place of action. (wikipedia.org)
The tool works with standard single letter nucleotide or protein codes including ambiguities and can match Prosite patterns in protein sequences. (nih.gov)
In contrast to the situation observed for G-box elements, C-box motifs displayed a very much more stringent flanking nucleotide requirement for binding activity. (nih.gov)
ZBP1 binds to a 54 nucleotide "zipcode" in the 3′-UTR of β-actin mRNA. (jneurosci.org)

The rat brain cDNA is predicted to encode a 68-kDa protein with 65% amino acid identity to Drosophila rop, 59% identity to Caenorhabditis elegans unc-18, and 27% identity to Saccharomyces cerevisiae Sec1p. (pnas.org)
They found that most of the targeted RNAs encode proteins that have some role in cancer biology, such as cell migration, proliferation, and adhesion. (eurekalert.org)

They can more efficiently traverse cell membranes if they are not strongly bound to blood proteins. (hamiltoncompany.com)
The method is also well suited to studying aquaporins - proteins embedded in cell membranes that regulate water flow - or ion channels, which transport ions along with water. (bnl.gov)

The PEBP (PhosphatidylEthanolamine-Binding Protein) family is a highly conserved group of proteins that have been identified in numerous tissues in a wide variety of organisms, including bacteria, yeast, nematodes, plants, drosophila and mammals. (ebi.ac.uk)
The phosphatidylethanolamine-binding protein is the prototype of a novel family of serine protease inhibitors. (ebi.ac.uk)
Phosphatidylethanolamine-binding protein is the precursor of hippocampal cholinergic neurostimulating peptide, which is cleaved from the N-terminal region of the protein. (labome.org)

Stossel and Hartwig had proof that the actin-binding protein initiated gelation. (the-scientist.com)

Lipopolysaccharide-binding protein has been shown to interact with CD14 , TLR2 , TLR4 and the co-receptor MD-2. (wikipedia.org)
Circulating lipopolysaccharide binding protein (LBP) concentration is known to be increased in patients with obesity. (nature.com)

Together with bactericidal permeability-increasing protein (BPI), the encoded protein binds LPS and interacts with the CD14 receptor, probably playing a role in regulating LPS-dependent monocyte responses. (wikipedia.org)
Raf kinase inhibitor protein interacts with NF-kappaB-inducing kinase and TAK1 and inhibits NF-kappaB activation. (ebi.ac.uk)
When we mapped the positions where IGF2BP3 interacts, we noticed that many of them overlap with binding sites for RISC. (eurekalert.org)

Boudker O et al (2007) Coupling substrate and ion binding to extracellular gate of a sodium-dependent aspartate transporter. (springer.com)
Loss of S100PBP causes an increase in pancreatic cancer cell adhesion to extracellular matrix proteins which was mediated by cysteine protease Cathepsin Z ( CTSZ ) and the integrin ανβ5 (Lines et al. (atlasgeneticsoncology.org)

The metal binding proteins include have amino acid sequences analogous to at least one metal binding protein, and conservative amino acid substitutions thereof from a brine shrimp (Artemia). (google.com)
Also provided are the associated nucleic acid sequences encoding metal binding proteins. (google.com)
Select one or more mouse PIRSF members to download protein sequences or forward to NCBI BLAST. (jax.org)
You can also "Select all" mouse superfamily members to obtain their protein sequences and the protein sequences for all mouse, human and rat homologs of the mouse superfamily members. (jax.org)

We have identified n-Sec1, a rat brain homolog of the yeast Sec1p protein that participates in the constitutive secretory pathway between the Golgi apparatus and the plasma membrane. (pnas.org)
In this pathway, glutamate release is orchestrated by Ca2+-sensor proteins, with N-terminal EF-hand Ca2+-binding protein 2 (NECAB2) being particular abundant. (jci.org)
The major components of the endosomal sorting complex required for transport (ESCRT) complex are proteins recruited at different stages of the vesicular transport pathway. (cellsignal.com)
Detection of mutations in the mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway in human melanoma," Clin. (freepatentsonline.com)

Microbeads can be used as surfaces to allow different ligands to bind to proteins. (aiche.org)
Siderocalin captures iron indirectly by forming a complex with ligands that bind iron. (acs.org)
Because these ligands can bind multiple metals, that means siderocalin can as well. (acs.org)

Clustering is a basic event for the initiation of immune cell responses, and simulation analyses of clustering of membrane proteins have been performed. (scirp.org)

These results have been translated into the development of in silico tools to calculate binding free energies, to weigh the energetic consequence of mutations, and for protein design ( 1 - 4 ). (pnas.org)
Based on these data and other biochemical information, researchers speculate that the mutations in the LDL receptor affect the receptor1s ability to bind calcium and therefore its ability to fold into its proper shape. (eurekalert.org)
How Rb acts to bring about this suppression is not clear 5 but one clue is that the Rb protein forms complexes with the transforming oncoproteins of several DNA tumour viruses 6-8 , and that two regions of Rb essential for such binding frequently contain mutations in tumour cells 9,10 . (nature.com)
Mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling is activated in prostate tumors but not mediated by B-RAF mutations," Eur Urol. (freepatentsonline.com)

Thyroid hormone consisting of one or more of the iodothyronines bound to one or more of the serum proteins. (dictionary.com)
Common blood proteins that drugs bind to are human serum albumin , lipoprotein , glycoprotein , and α, β‚ and γ globulins . (hamiltoncompany.com)
A test to determine thyroid function in which serum protein-bound iodine is measured. (dictionary.com)

AcylCoA binding protein (ACBP) is a highly-conserved protein found in the cells of all eukaryote s from yeast to humans. (everything2.com)

n-Sec1 binds to syntaxin 1a, 2, and 3 fusion proteins coupled to agarose beads, but not to syntaxin 4 fusion protein or beads coupled to a variety of other proteins. (pnas.org)

Insulin-like growth factor binding protein 3 (IGFBP-3) is the main carrier of somatomedin C (also called insulin-like growth factor-1, or IGF-1) in the body. (kidshealth.org)
Insulin-like growth factor binding protein-related protein 1 (IGFBP-rP1) has potential tumour-suppressive activity in human lung cancer," J. Pathol. (freepatentsonline.com)
Investigators reported an association between plasma insulin-like growth factor binding protein 2 (IGFBP-2) levels and structural MRI brain measures, cognitive performance, as well as incident dementia and AD-dementia. (lww.com)
The researchers opted to focus on insulin-like growth factor binding protein 2 (IGFBP-2) because it is the most prominent IGF-binding protein in the brain. (lww.com)

These observations suggest that endogenous cellular proteins might exist that bind to the same regions of Rb and thereby mediate its function. (nature.com)

and second, both T antigen and T peptide (amino acids 101-118) were able to compete with RbAP46 for binding to Rb. (nature.com)
FBP is a membrane-bound, tumor-associated antigen overexpressed in various tumor types, including breast, ovarian and endometrial cancers. (cancer.gov)

Cholesterol-binding cytolysins (CBCs) are a large family of 50- to 60-kDa single-chain proteins produced by 23 taxonomically different species of Gram-positive bacteria from the genera Streptococcus, Bacillus, Clostridium, Listeria and Arcanobacterium. (nih.gov)
Our MAX binding protein RNAi can be used in a variety of model species: Human. (novusbio.com)

Experimentally, this phenomenon is shown on the interaction between TEM1-βlactamase and β-lactamase inhibitor protein (BLIP) by using multiple-mutant analysis and x-ray crystallography. (pnas.org)
As a model system, we use the interface between TEM1-β-lactamase (TEM1) and its protein inhibitor, β-lactamase inhibitor protein (BLIP). (pnas.org)
Baritaki S, Katsman A, Chatterjee D, Yeung K, Spandidos D, Bonavida B. Regulation of tumor cell sensitivity to TRAIL-induced apoptosis by the metastatic suppressor Raf kinase inhibitor protein via Yin Yang 1 inhibition and death receptor 5 up-regulation. (labome.org)
Protein-bound conformation of a specific inhibitor against Candid. (ingentaconnect.com)

This protein is part of a family of structurally and functionally related proteins, including BPI, plasma cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP), and phospholipid transfer protein (PLTP). (wikipedia.org)
In the presence of syntaxin 1a, a plasma membrane protein implicated in synaptic vesicle docking, n-Sec1 becomes membrane-associated. (pnas.org)
Sixty percent to 70% of plasma protein S circulates complexed to C4b-binding protein (C4bBP), a 570 kilodalton complement system regulator. (labcorp.com)
Acquired protein S deficiency may be, theoretically, the result of elevated plasma C4bBP, decreased synthesis of protein S synthesis, or increased protein S consumption/loss. (labcorp.com)
C4bBP is an acute phase reactant, thus, its plasma concentration increases with inflammation and hormonal changes, resulting in increased protein S binding and a theoretically relative deficiency of free protein S. Acquired deficiency of free protein S due to acute phase elevation of C4b binding protein has been disputed. (labcorp.com)
CDPX2 is a rare disorder of defective cholesterol biosynthesis, biochemically characterized by an increased amount of 8-dehydrocholesterol and cholest-8(9)-en-3-beta-ol in the plasma and tissues. (abcam.com)
Drug's efficiency is affected by the degree to which it binds to the proteins within blood plasma . (hamiltoncompany.com)
Recent advances have been made through the application of genome-wide association studies (GWAS) to identify genetic loci associated with plasma levels of procoagulant proteins and risk of thrombotic disease. (jci.org)
A comparison between the standard gold sensor and Hydroxyapatite (HA)-plasma coated sensor denoted a clearly favourable cell attachment on HA coated sensor as a significantly higher signal of cell binding was detected. (mdpi.com)
The associations remained significant after controlling for age, BMI, fat mass and plasma high sensitivity C-reactive protein. (nature.com)

domains are structurally well-characterized modules of ~120 amino acids found in a wide variety of signaling proteins involved intracellular trafficking, cellular signaling and cytoskeletal remodeling. (cellsignal.com)

Membrane cholesterol is thought to be the toxin-binding site at the surface of eukaryotic cells. (nih.gov)

One effective mechanism of preventing viral infection and thus containing the outbreak could be by the inhibition of the ACE2-S protein interaction that leads to viral entry. (news-medical.net)
Thirdly, they looked into how the peptide affects the S protein-ACE2 interaction. (news-medical.net)
Thus, it is inferred that the self-assembly induced by dimerization is unlikely in situ, and that some interaction between proteins is required for cluster formation. (scirp.org)
Although SPR is extensively utilized in interaction studies, recent research of protein or cell adsorption on hydroxyapatite coatings for prostheses applications was not found. (mdpi.com)
The MP-SPR was used to measure lysozyme protein and human mesenchymal stem cells interaction to the hydroxyapatite coating. (mdpi.com)

2001). RNA-binding protein Musashi2: developmentally regulated expression in neural precursor cells and subpopulations of neurons in mammalian CNS. (rutgers.edu)

Proteins carry numerous functions that are essential for the sustenance and growth of humans and all forms of life. (aiche.org)

Regulation of this binding is therefore likely to be an important determinant of promoter activity. (nih.gov)
Regulation of protein expression in neurons by controlling not only when, but where, mRNAs are translated is likely to play an important role in neuronal function. (jneurosci.org)

LBP is a soluble acute-phase protein that binds to bacterial lipopolysaccharide (or LPS) to elicit immune responses by presenting the LPS to important cell surface pattern recognition receptors called CD14 and TLR4 . (wikipedia.org)
Confirmation and characterization of protein S (PS) deficiency: C4b-binding protein elevates as an acute phase protein that may lead to enhanced protein S binding and decreased free protein S levels. (labcorp.com)

CalPred is a "tool for EF-hand calcium binding protein prediction and calcium binding region identification" using machine learning techniques. (bioinformatics.org)

proteins to respond to lipid messengers by localizing to membranes and transmitting signals to downstream targets. (cellsignal.com)
domain inhibit lipid binding and result in defects in the sorting of ubiquitinated cargo. (cellsignal.com)

Corbit KC, Trakul N, Eves EM, Diaz B, Marshall M, Rosner MR. Activation of Raf-1 signaling by protein kinase C through a mechanism involving Raf kinase inhibitory protein. (ebi.ac.uk)
Al Mulla F, Bitar M, Taqi Z, Rath O, Kolch W. RAF kinase inhibitory protein (RKIP) modulates cell cycle kinetics and motility. (labome.org)

domain plays a critical role in its ability to bind PtdIns3p and translocate Vps36 to endosomes. (cellsignal.com)

Nonetheless, mPEBP-2 is seen to be very similar in structure to other PEBP proteins from human, bovine and plant sources. (labome.org)

The most popular approach for studying the energetic contribution of an amino acid to the free energy of binding (or stability) of proteins is to introduce a mutation and then measure the subsequent change in free energy ( 6 ). (pnas.org)

Since lactose also blocks elastic fiber formation by cultured chondroblasts, the galactoside-binding property of the elastin receptor is implicated in this process. (sciencemag.org)

For the purposes of the invention, proteins are biologically active substances, preferably enzymes. (google.com)
However, as yet no process for binding or immobilizing biologically active substances has been found which is substantially free from significant shortcomings. (google.com)

Functional protein S synthesis is diminished in vitamin K deficiency, liver disease, with some chemotherapy agents, warfarin therapy, and L-asparaginase therapy. (labcorp.com)

The bound drug is kept in the blood stream while the unbound component may be metabolized or excreted, making it the active part. (wisegeek.com)

Anatomy11

Organisms13

Chemicals and Drugs111

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment45

Phenomena and Processes77

Disciplines and Occupations2

Technology, Industry, Agriculture2

Information Science7

Health Care3

UK-18892, a new aminoglycoside: an in vitro study. (1/96713)

Studies of the binding of different iron donors to human serum transferrin and isolation of iron-binding fragments from the N- and C-terminal regions of the protein. (2/96713)

A protein-glucan intermediate during paramylon synthesis. (3/96713)

Apontic binds the translational repressor Bruno and is implicated in regulation of oskar mRNA translation. (4/96713)

Transcriptional repression by the Drosophila giant protein: cis element positioning provides an alternative means of interpreting an effector gradient. (5/96713)

Membrane-tethered Drosophila Armadillo cannot transduce Wingless signal on its own. (6/96713)

The hematopoietic-specific adaptor protein gads functions in T-cell signaling via interactions with the SLP-76 and LAT adaptors. (7/96713)

A Drosophila TNF-receptor-associated factor (TRAF) binds the ste20 kinase Misshapen and activates Jun kinase. (8/96713)

Protein Binding

Blood Proteins

Binding Sites

Base Sequence

Molecular Sequence Data

DNA-Binding Proteins

Orosomucoid

Promoter Regions, Genetic

Serum Albumin

Regulatory Sequences, Nucleic Acid

Nucleic Acid Conformation

Transcription Factors

DNA

Cefonicid

DNA Footprinting

Transcription, Genetic

Nuclear Proteins

Half-Life

Proteins

Deoxyribonuclease I

Enhancer Elements, Genetic

Amino Acid Sequence

Binding, Competitive

Models, Molecular

Dialysis

RNA-Binding Proteins

Ultrafiltration

Metabolic Clearance Rate

Cell Line

Phenytoin

Kinetics

Mutation

Protein Structure, Tertiary

Tissue Distribution

Gene Expression Regulation

Cefazolin

HeLa Cells

Electrophoretic Mobility Shift Assay

Sulfuric Acid Esters

Oligodeoxyribonucleotides

Protein Conformation

Transfection

14-3-3 Proteins

Cell Nucleus

Mutagenesis, Site-Directed

Carrier Proteins

Cefoperazone

Area Under Curve

Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid

Consensus Sequence

Structure-Activity Relationship

RNA, Messenger

Iodohippuric Acid

Phenylbutazone

Protein Array Analysis

Chloramphenicol O-Acetyltransferase

Plasmids

Disopyramide

Models, Biological

Nordazepam

Repetitive Sequences, Nucleic Acid

Protein Interaction Mapping

RNA, Small Nuclear

Sp1 Transcription Factor

Recombinant Fusion Proteins

Dicloxacillin

Protein Interaction Domains and Motifs

Escherichia coli

Ligands

Ribonucleoproteins

Cloning, Molecular

Oligonucleotide Probes

Stereoisomerism

Drug Interactions

Repressor Proteins

Alfalfa mosaic virus

Pharmaceutical Preparations

Valproic Acid

Lactams

Sequence Alignment