Prostate. Medical search

A gland in males that surrounds the neck of the URINARY BLADDER and the URETHRA. It secretes a substance that liquefies coagulated semen. It is situated in the pelvic cavity behind the lower part of the PUBIC SYMPHYSIS, above the deep layer of the triangular ligament, and rests upon the RECTUM.

A glycoprotein that is a kallikrein-like serine proteinase and an esterase, produced by epithelial cells of both normal and malignant prostate tissue. It is an important marker for the diagnosis of prostate cancer.

Tumors or cancer of the PROSTATE.

Increase in constituent cells in the PROSTATE, leading to enlargement of the organ (hypertrophy) and adverse impact on the lower urinary tract function. This can be caused by increased rate of cell proliferation, reduced rate of cell death, or both.

Compounds that interact with ANDROGEN RECEPTORS in target tissues to bring about the effects similar to those of TESTOSTERONE. Depending on the target tissues, androgenic effects can be on SEX DIFFERENTIATION; male reproductive organs, SPERMATOGENESIS; secondary male SEX CHARACTERISTICS; LIBIDO; development of muscle mass, strength, and power.

Proteins, generally found in the CYTOPLASM, that specifically bind ANDROGENS and mediate their cellular actions. The complex of the androgen and receptor migrates to the CELL NUCLEUS where it induces transcription of specific segments of DNA.

Complete or partial surgical removal of the prostate. Three primary approaches are commonly employed: suprapubic - removal through an incision above the pubis and through the urinary bladder; retropubic - as for suprapubic but without entering the urinary bladder; and transurethral (TRANSURETHRAL RESECTION OF PROSTATE).

Compounds which inhibit or antagonize the biosynthesis or actions of androgens.

A cell line derived from cultured tumor cells.

Removal of all or part of the PROSTATE, often using a cystoscope and/or resectoscope passed through the URETHRA.

The surgical removal of one or both testicles.

A premalignant change arising in the prostatic epithelium, regarded as the most important and most likely precursor of prostatic adenocarcinoma. The neoplasia takes the form of an intra-acinar or ductal proliferation of secretory cells with unequivocal nuclear anaplasia, which corresponds to nuclear grade 2 and 3 invasive prostate cancer.

A malignant epithelial tumor with a glandular organization.

Certain tumors that 1, arise in organs that are normally dependent on specific hormones and 2, are stimulated or caused to regress by manipulation of the endocrine environment.

Any of the processes by which nuclear, cytoplasmic, or intercellular factors influence the differential control of gene action in neoplastic tissue.

Pathological processes involving the PROSTATE or its component tissues.

A potent androgenic metabolite of TESTOSTERONE. It is produced by the action of the enzyme 3-OXO-5-ALPHA-STEROID 4-DEHYDROGENASE.

Molecular products metabolized and secreted by neoplastic tissue and characterized biochemically in cells or body fluids. They are indicators of tumor stage and grade as well as useful for monitoring responses to treatment and predicting recurrence. Many chemical groups are represented including hormones, antigens, amino and nucleic acids, enzymes, polyamines, and specific cell membrane proteins and lipids.

A physical examination in which the qualified health care worker inserts a lubricated, gloved finger of one hand into the RECTUM and may use the other hand to press on the lower ABDOMEN or pelvic area to palpate for abnormalities in the lower rectum, and nearby organs or tissues. The method is commonly used to check the lower rectum, the PROSTATE gland in men, and the UTERUS and OVARIES in women.

An orally active 3-OXO-5-ALPHA-STEROID 4-DEHYDROGENASE inhibitor. It is used as a surgical alternative for treatment of benign PROSTATIC HYPERPLASIA.

The worsening of a disease over time. This concept is most often used for chronic and incurable diseases where the stage of the disease is an important determinant of therapy and prognosis.

Mutant mice homozygous for the recessive gene "nude" which fail to develop a thymus. They are useful in tumor studies and studies on immune responses.

Cells grown in vitro from neoplastic tissue. If they can be established as a TUMOR CELL LINE, they can be propagated in cell culture indefinitely.

Tumors or cancer located in bone tissue or specific BONES.

All of the processes involved in increasing CELL NUMBER including CELL DIVISION.

Methods which attempt to express in replicable terms the level of CELL DIFFERENTIATION in neoplasms as increasing ANAPLASIA correlates with the aggressiveness of the neoplasm.

Compounds that bind to and inhibit the activation of ANDROGEN RECEPTORS.

Infiltration of inflammatory cells into the parenchyma of PROSTATE. The subtypes are classified by their varied laboratory analysis, clinical presentation and response to treatment.

One of the mechanisms by which CELL DEATH occurs (compare with NECROSIS and AUTOPHAGOCYTOSIS). Apoptosis is the mechanism responsible for the physiological deletion of cells and appears to be intrinsically programmed. It is characterized by distinctive morphologic changes in the nucleus and cytoplasm, chromatin cleavage at regularly spaced sites, and the endonucleolytic cleavage of genomic DNA; (DNA FRAGMENTATION); at internucleosomal sites. This mode of cell death serves as a balance to mitosis in regulating the size of animal tissues and in mediating pathologic processes associated with tumor growth.

Histochemical localization of immunoreactive substances using labeled antibodies as reagents.

A collective term for interstitial, intracavity, and surface radiotherapy. It uses small sealed or partly-sealed sources that may be placed on or near the body surface or within a natural body cavity or implanted directly into the tissues.

The transfer of a neoplasm from one organ or part of the body to another remote from the primary site.

Drugs that inhibit 3-OXO-5-ALPHA-STEROID 4-DEHYDROGENASE. They are commonly used to reduce the production of DIHYDROTESTOSTERONE.

A saclike, glandular diverticulum on each ductus deferens in male vertebrates. It is united with the excretory duct and serves for temporary storage of semen. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)

Methods which attempt to express in replicable terms the extent of the neoplasm in the patient.

Surgical removal or artificial destruction of gonads.

Clinical management approach wherein immediate therapy is not provided but there is a period of observation during which periodic tests monitor patient and the progression of the illness. (Driffield T, Smith PC Med Decis Making. 2007 Mar-Apr;27(2):178-88)

An antiandrogen with about the same potency as cyproterone in rodent and canine species.

A potent androgenic steroid and major product secreted by the LEYDIG CELLS of the TESTIS. Its production is stimulated by LUTEINIZING HORMONE from the PITUITARY GLAND. In turn, testosterone exerts feedback control of the pituitary LH and FSH secretion. Depending on the tissues, testosterone can be further converted to DIHYDROTESTOSTERONE or ESTRADIOL.

Antineoplastic agents that are used to treat hormone-sensitive tumors. Hormone-sensitive tumors may be hormone-dependent, hormone-responsive, or both. A hormone-dependent tumor regresses on removal of the hormonal stimulus, by surgery or pharmacological block. Hormone-responsive tumors may regress when pharmacologic amounts of hormones are administered regardless of whether previous signs of hormone sensitivity were observed. The major hormone-responsive cancers include carcinomas of the breast, prostate, and endometrium; lymphomas; and certain leukemias. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual 1994, p2079)

Studies which start with the identification of persons with a disease of interest and a control (comparison, referent) group without the disease. The relationship of an attribute to the disease is examined by comparing diseased and non-diseased persons with regard to the frequency or levels of the attribute in each group.

A synthetic non-aromatizable androgen and anabolic steroid. It binds strongly to the androgen receptor and has therefore also been used as an affinity label for this receptor in the prostate and in prostatic tumors.

Removal and examination of tissue obtained through a transdermal needle inserted into the specific region, organ, or tissue being analyzed.

A variation of the PCR technique in which cDNA is made from RNA via reverse transcription. The resultant cDNA is then amplified using standard PCR protocols.

Removal and pathologic examination of specimens in the form of small pieces of tissue from the living body.

Steroidal compounds in which one or more carbon atoms in the steroid ring system have been substituted with nitrogen atoms.

RNA sequences that serve as templates for protein synthesis. Bacterial mRNAs are generally primary transcripts in that they do not require post-transcriptional processing. Eukaryotic mRNA is synthesized in the nucleus and must be exported to the cytoplasm for translation. Most eukaryotic mRNAs have a sequence of polyadenylic acid at the 3' end, referred to as the poly(A) tail. The function of this tail is not known for certain, but it may play a role in the export of mature mRNA from the nucleus as well as in helping stabilize some mRNA molecules by retarding their degradation in the cytoplasm.

A metallocarboxypeptidase that is predominantly expressed as a membrane-bound enzyme. It catalyzes the hydrolysis of an unsubstituted, C-terminal glutamyl residue, typically from PTEROYLPOLYGLUTAMIC ACIDS. It was formerly classified as EC 3.4.19.8.

Experimental transplantation of neoplasms in laboratory animals for research purposes.

An aspect of personal behavior or lifestyle, environmental exposure, or inborn or inherited characteristic, which, on the basis of epidemiologic evidence, is known to be associated with a health-related condition considered important to prevent.

Substances that inhibit or prevent the proliferation of NEOPLASMS.

Ability of neoplasms to infiltrate and actively destroy surrounding tissue.

Transplantation between animals of different species.

In vivo methods of screening investigative anticancer drugs, biologic response modifiers or radiotherapies. Human tumor tissue or cells are transplanted into mice or rats followed by tumor treatment regimens. A variety of outcomes are monitored to assess antitumor effectiveness.

The intracellular transfer of information (biological activation/inhibition) through a signal pathway. In each signal transduction system, an activation/inhibition signal from a biologically active molecule (hormone, neurotransmitter) is mediated via the coupling of a receptor/enzyme to a second messenger system or to an ion channel. Signal transduction plays an important role in activating cellular functions, cell differentiation, and cell proliferation. Examples of signal transduction systems are the GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID-postsynaptic receptor-calcium ion channel system, the receptor-mediated T-cell activation pathway, and the receptor-mediated activation of phospholipases. Those coupled to membrane depolarization or intracellular release of calcium include the receptor-mediated activation of cytotoxic functions in granulocytes and the synaptic potentiation of protein kinase activation. Some signal transduction pathways may be part of larger signal transduction pathways; for example, protein kinase activation is part of the platelet activation signal pathway.

An enzyme that catalyzes the reduction of TESTOSTERONE to 5-ALPHA DIHYDROTESTOSTERONE.

Tumors or cancer of the PROSTATE which can grow in the presence of low or residual amount of androgen hormones such as TESTOSTERONE.

An oxidoreductase that catalyzes the conversion of 3-oxo-delta4 steroids into their corresponding 5alpha form. It plays an important role in the conversion of TESTOSTERONE into DIHYDROTESTOSTERONE and PROGESTERONE into DIHYDROPROGESTERONE.

Cells that line the inner and outer surfaces of the body by forming cellular layers (EPITHELIUM) or masses. Epithelial cells lining the SKIN; the MOUTH; the NOSE; and the ANAL CANAL derive from ectoderm; those lining the RESPIRATORY SYSTEM and the DIGESTIVE SYSTEM derive from endoderm; others (CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM and LYMPHATIC SYSTEM) derive from mesoderm. Epithelial cells can be classified mainly by cell shape and function into squamous, glandular and transitional epithelial cells.

Proteins whose abnormal expression (gain or loss) are associated with the development, growth, or progression of NEOPLASMS. Some neoplasm proteins are tumor antigens (ANTIGENS, NEOPLASM), i.e. they induce an immune reaction to their tumor. Many neoplasm proteins have been characterized and are used as tumor markers (BIOMARKERS, TUMOR) when they are detectable in cells and body fluids as monitors for the presence or growth of tumors. Abnormal expression of ONCOGENE PROTEINS is involved in neoplastic transformation, whereas the loss of expression of TUMOR SUPPRESSOR PROTEINS is involved with the loss of growth control and progression of the neoplasm.

Steroidal compounds related to TESTOSTERONE, the major mammalian male sex hormone. Testosterone congeners include important testosterone precursors in the biosynthetic pathways, metabolites, derivatives, and synthetic steroids with androgenic activities.

A prediction of the probable outcome of a disease based on a individual's condition and the usual course of the disease as seen in similar situations.

A lipid phosphatase that acts on phosphatidylinositol-3,4,5-trisphosphate to regulate various SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION PATHWAYS. It modulates CELL GROWTH PROCESSES; CELL MIGRATION; and APOPTOSIS. Mutations in PTEN are associated with COWDEN DISEASE and PROTEUS SYNDROME as well as NEOPLASTIC CELL TRANSFORMATION.

Carrier proteins produced in the Sertoli cells of the testis, secreted into the seminiferous tubules, and transported via the efferent ducts to the epididymis. They participate in the transport of androgens. Androgen-binding protein has the same amino acid sequence as SEX HORMONE-BINDING GLOBULIN. They differ by their sites of synthesis and post-translational oligosaccharide modifications.

Identification of proteins or peptides that have been electrophoretically separated by blot transferring from the electrophoresis gel to strips of nitrocellulose paper, followed by labeling with antibody probes.

A latent susceptibility to disease at the genetic level, which may be activated under certain conditions.

Radiotherapy where there is improved dose homogeneity within the tumor and reduced dosage to uninvolved structures. The precise shaping of dose distribution is achieved via the use of computer-controlled multileaf collimators.

A malignant neoplasm made up of epithelial cells tending to infiltrate the surrounding tissues and give rise to metastases. It is a histological type of neoplasm but is often wrongly used as a synonym for "cancer." (From Dorland, 27th ed)

Processes required for CELL ENLARGEMENT and CELL PROLIFERATION.

Binary classification measures to assess test results. Sensitivity or recall rate is the proportion of true positives. Specificity is the probability of correctly determining the absence of a condition. (From Last, Dictionary of Epidemiology, 2d ed)

Proteins secreted by the prostate gland. The major secretory proteins from the human prostate gland include PROSTATE-SPECIFIC ANTIGEN, prostate-specific acid phosphatase, prostate-specific membrane antigen, and prostate-specific protein-94.

The fission of a CELL. It includes CYTOKINESIS, when the CYTOPLASM of a cell is divided, and CELL NUCLEUS DIVISION.

Agents that reduce the frequency or rate of spontaneous or induced tumors independently of the mechanism involved.

Enzymes that catalyze inversion of the configuration around an asymmetric carbon in a substrate having one (racemase) or more (epimerase) center(s) of asymmetry. (Dorland, 28th ed) EC 5.1.

The distal segment of the LARGE INTESTINE, between the SIGMOID COLON and the ANAL CANAL.

Elements of limited time intervals, contributing to particular results or situations.

Evaluation undertaken to assess the results or consequences of management and procedures used in combating disease in order to determine the efficacy, effectiveness, safety, and practicability of these interventions in individual cases or series.

Mice homozygous for the mutant autosomal recessive gene "scid" which is located on the centromeric end of chromosome 16. These mice lack mature, functional lymphocytes and are thus highly susceptible to lethal opportunistic infections if not chronically treated with antibiotics. The lack of B- and T-cell immunity resembles severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) syndrome in human infants. SCID mice are useful as animal models since they are receptive to implantation of a human immune system producing SCID-human (SCID-hu) hematochimeric mice.

The determination of the pattern of genes expressed at the level of GENETIC TRANSCRIPTION, under specific circumstances or in a specific cell.

Studies in which subsets of a defined population are identified. These groups may or may not be exposed to factors hypothesized to influence the probability of the occurrence of a particular disease or other outcome. Cohorts are defined populations which, as a whole, are followed in an attempt to determine distinguishing subgroup characteristics.

A negative regulatory effect on physiological processes at the molecular, cellular, or systemic level. At the molecular level, the major regulatory sites include membrane receptors, genes (GENE EXPRESSION REGULATION), mRNAs (RNA, MESSENGER), and proteins.

Computer-assisted mathematical calculations of beam angles, intensities of radiation, and duration of irradiation in radiotherapy.

CONFORMAL RADIOTHERAPY that combines several intensity-modulated beams to provide improved dose homogeneity and highly conformal dose distributions.

A nitrogen mustard linked to estradiol, usually as phosphate; used to treat prostatic neoplasms; also has radiation protective properties.

Unsaturated androstanes which are substituted with one or more hydroxyl groups in any position in the ring system.

Organized periodic procedures performed on large groups of people for the purpose of detecting disease.

A group of diterpenoid CYCLODECANES named for the taxanes that were discovered in the TAXUS tree. The action on MICROTUBULES has made some of them useful as ANTINEOPLASTIC AGENTS.

Methods to identify and characterize cancer in the early stages of disease and predict tumor behavior.

The local recurrence of a neoplasm following treatment. It arises from microscopic cells of the original neoplasm that have escaped therapeutic intervention and later become clinically visible at the original site.

Thiohydantoin benzene derivative.

The total amount of radiation absorbed by tissues as a result of radiotherapy.

The measurement of an organ in volume, mass, or heaviness.

The number of new cases of a given disease during a given period in a specified population. It also is used for the rate at which new events occur in a defined population. It is differentiated from PREVALENCE, which refers to all cases, new or old, in the population at a given time.

The GENETIC RECOMBINATION of the parts of two or more GENES resulting in a gene with different or additional regulatory regions, or a new chimeric gene product. ONCOGENE FUSION includes an ONCOGENE as at least one of the fusion partners and such gene fusions are often detected in neoplastic cells and are transcribed into ONCOGENE FUSION PROTEINS. ARTIFICIAL GENE FUSION is carried out in vitro by RECOMBINANT DNA technology.

Small double-stranded, non-protein coding RNAs (21-31 nucleotides) involved in GENE SILENCING functions, especially RNA INTERFERENCE (RNAi). Endogenously, siRNAs are generated from dsRNAs (RNA, DOUBLE-STRANDED) by the same ribonuclease, Dicer, that generates miRNAs (MICRORNAS). The perfect match of the siRNAs' antisense strand to their target RNAs mediates RNAi by siRNA-guided RNA cleavage. siRNAs fall into different classes including trans-acting siRNA (tasiRNA), repeat-associated RNA (rasiRNA), small-scan RNA (scnRNA), and Piwi protein-interacting RNA (piRNA) and have different specific gene silencing functions.

The uptake of naked or purified DNA by CELLS, usually meaning the process as it occurs in eukaryotic cells. It is analogous to bacterial transformation (TRANSFORMATION, BACTERIAL) and both are routinely employed in GENE TRANSFER TECHNIQUES.

The use of pre-treatment imaging modalities to position the patient, delineate the target, and align the beam of radiation to achieve optimal accuracy and reduce radiation damage to surrounding non-target tissues.

The span of viability of a cell characterized by the capacity to perform certain functions such as metabolism, growth, reproduction, some form of responsiveness, and adaptability.

New abnormal growth of tissue. Malignant neoplasms show a greater degree of anaplasia and have the properties of invasion and metastasis, compared to benign neoplasms.

Graphical representation of a statistical model containing scales for calculating the prognostic weight of a value for each individual variable. Nomograms are instruments that can be used to predict outcomes using specific clinical parameters. They use ALGORITHMS that incorporate several variables to calculate the predicted probability that a patient will achieve a particular clinical endpoint.

The simultaneous analysis of multiple samples of TISSUES or CELLS from BIOPSY or in vitro culture that have been arranged in an array format on slides or microchips.

Connective tissue cells of an organ found in the loose connective tissue. These are most often associated with the uterine mucosa and the ovary as well as the hematopoietic system and elsewhere.

A positive regulatory effect on physiological processes at the molecular, cellular, or systemic level. At the molecular level, the major regulatory sites include membrane receptors, genes (GENE EXPRESSION REGULATION), mRNAs (RNA, MESSENGER), and proteins.

The total amount (cell number, weight, size or volume) of tumor cells or tissue in the body.

Conducting a biopsy procedure with the aid of a MEDICAL IMAGING modality.

Observation of a population for a sufficient number of persons over a sufficient number of years to generate incidence or mortality rates subsequent to the selection of the study group.

A specific pair of GROUP C CHROMOSOMES of the human chromosome classification.

The genetic constitution of the individual, comprising the ALLELES present at each GENETIC LOCUS.

A single nucleotide variation in a genetic sequence that occurs at appreciable frequency in the population.

A potent synthetic long-acting agonist of GONADOTROPIN-RELEASING HORMONE that regulates the synthesis and release of pituitary gonadotropins, LUTEINIZING HORMONE and FOLLICLE STIMULATING HORMONE.

Hybridization of a nucleic acid sample to a very large set of OLIGONUCLEOTIDE PROBES, which have been attached individually in columns and rows to a solid support, to determine a BASE SEQUENCE, or to detect variations in a gene sequence, GENE EXPRESSION, or for GENE MAPPING.

Studies in which individuals or populations are followed to assess the outcome of exposures, procedures, or effects of a characteristic, e.g., occurrence of disease.

Organic compounds containing the -CN radical. The concept is distinguished from CYANIDES, which denotes inorganic salts of HYDROGEN CYANIDE.

Laboratory mice that have been produced from a genetically manipulated EGG or EMBRYO, MAMMALIAN.

A synthetic long-acting agonist of GONADOTROPIN-RELEASING HORMONE. Goserelin is used in treatments of malignant NEOPLASMS of the prostate, uterine fibromas, and metastatic breast cancer.

DNA sequences which are recognized (directly or indirectly) and bound by a DNA-dependent RNA polymerase during the initiation of transcription. Highly conserved sequences within the promoter include the Pribnow box in bacteria and the TATA BOX in eukaryotes.

The movement of cells from one location to another. Distinguish from CYTOKINESIS which is the process of dividing the CYTOPLASM of a cell.

The qualitative or quantitative estimation of the likelihood of adverse effects that may result from exposure to specified health hazards or from the absence of beneficial influences. (Last, Dictionary of Epidemiology, 1988)

Cell changes manifested by escape from control mechanisms, increased growth potential, alterations in the cell surface, karyotypic abnormalities, morphological and biochemical deviations from the norm, and other attributes conferring the ability to invade, metastasize, and kill.

Studies used to test etiologic hypotheses in which inferences about an exposure to putative causal factors are derived from data relating to characteristics of persons under study or to events or experiences in their past. The essential feature is that some of the persons under study have the disease or outcome of interest and their characteristics are compared with those of unaffected persons.

Proteins, glycoprotein, or lipoprotein moieties on surfaces of tumor cells that are usually identified by monoclonal antibodies. Many of these are of either embryonic or viral origin.

The inability in the male to have a PENILE ERECTION due to psychological or organ dysfunction.

Proteolytic enzymes from the serine endopeptidase family found in normal blood and urine. Specifically, Kallikreins are potent vasodilators and hypotensives and increase vascular permeability and affect smooth muscle. They act as infertility agents in men. Three forms are recognized, PLASMA KALLIKREIN (EC 3.4.21.34), TISSUE KALLIKREIN (EC 3.4.21.35), and PROSTATE-SPECIFIC ANTIGEN (EC 3.4.21.77).

The probability that an event will occur. It encompasses a variety of measures of the probability of a generally unfavorable outcome.

A glutathione transferase that catalyzes the conjugation of electrophilic substrates to GLUTATHIONE. This enzyme has been shown to provide cellular protection against redox-mediated damage by FREE RADICALS.

All the organs involved in reproduction and the formation and release of URINE. It includes the kidneys, ureters, BLADDER; URETHRA, and the organs of reproduction - ovaries, UTERUS; FALLOPIAN TUBES; VAGINA; and CLITORIS in women and the testes; SEMINAL VESICLES; PROSTATE; seminal ducts; and PENIS in men.

DNA present in neoplastic tissue.

Persons living in the United States having origins in any of the black groups of Africa.

A surgical specialty concerned with the study, diagnosis, and treatment of diseases of the urinary tract in both sexes, and the genital tract in the male. Common urological problems include urinary obstruction, URINARY INCONTINENCE, infections, and UROGENITAL NEOPLASMS.

A protein-serine-threonine kinase that is activated by PHOSPHORYLATION in response to GROWTH FACTORS or INSULIN. It plays a major role in cell metabolism, growth, and survival as a core component of SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION. Three isoforms have been described in mammalian cells.

The statistical reproducibility of measurements (often in a clinical context), including the testing of instrumentation or techniques to obtain reproducible results. The concept includes reproducibility of physiological measurements, which may be used to develop rules to assess probability or prognosis, or response to a stimulus; reproducibility of occurrence of a condition; and reproducibility of experimental results.

The relationship between the dose of an administered drug and the response of the organism to the drug.

In screening and diagnostic tests, the probability that a person with a positive test is a true positive (i.e., has the disease), is referred to as the predictive value of a positive test; whereas, the predictive value of a negative test is the probability that the person with a negative test does not have the disease. Predictive value is related to the sensitivity and specificity of the test.

The complex series of phenomena, occurring between the end of one CELL DIVISION and the end of the next, by which cellular material is duplicated and then divided between two daughter cells. The cell cycle includes INTERPHASE, which includes G0 PHASE; G1 PHASE; S PHASE; and G2 PHASE, and CELL DIVISION PHASE.

Individuals whose ancestral origins are in the continent of Europe.

Endogenous substances, usually proteins, which are effective in the initiation, stimulation, or termination of the genetic transcription process.

The use of IONIZING RADIATION to treat malignant NEOPLASMS and some benign conditions.

Naturally occurring or experimentally induced animal diseases with pathological processes sufficiently similar to those of human diseases. They are used as study models for human diseases.

Addition of methyl groups to DNA. DNA methyltransferases (DNA methylases) perform this reaction using S-ADENOSYLMETHIONINE as the methyl group donor.

Abnormalities in the process of URINE voiding, including bladder control, frequency of URINATION, as well as the volume and composition of URINE.

The sequence of PURINES and PYRIMIDINES in nucleic acids and polynucleotides. It is also called nucleotide sequence.

The phenotypic manifestation of a gene or genes by the processes of GENETIC TRANSCRIPTION and GENETIC TRANSLATION.

Resistance or diminished response of a neoplasm to an antineoplastic agent in humans, animals, or cell or tissue cultures.

The unspecified form of the steroid, normally a major metabolite of TESTOSTERONE with androgenic activity. It has been implicated as a regulator of gonadotropin secretion.

In vitro method for producing large amounts of specific DNA or RNA fragments of defined length and sequence from small amounts of short oligonucleotide flanking sequences (primers). The essential steps include thermal denaturation of the double-stranded target molecules, annealing of the primers to their complementary sequences, and extension of the annealed primers by enzymatic synthesis with DNA polymerase. The reaction is efficient, specific, and extremely sensitive. Uses for the reaction include disease diagnosis, detection of difficult-to-isolate pathogens, mutation analysis, genetic testing, DNA sequencing, and analyzing evolutionary relationships.

Inability to empty the URINARY BLADDER with voiding (URINATION).

RNA present in neoplastic tissue.

Descriptions of specific amino acid, carbohydrate, or nucleotide sequences which have appeared in the published literature and/or are deposited in and maintained by databanks such as GENBANK, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), National Biomedical Research Foundation (NBRF), or other sequence repositories.

Statistical models used in survival analysis that assert that the effect of the study factors on the hazard rate in the study population is multiplicative and does not change over time.

The ratio of two odds. The exposure-odds ratio for case control data is the ratio of the odds in favor of exposure among cases to the odds in favor of exposure among noncases. The disease-odds ratio for a cohort or cross section is the ratio of the odds in favor of disease among the exposed to the odds in favor of disease among the unexposed. The prevalence-odds ratio refers to an odds ratio derived cross-sectionally from studies of prevalent cases.

Genes that inhibit expression of the tumorigenic phenotype. They are normally involved in holding cellular growth in check. When tumor suppressor genes are inactivated or lost, a barrier to normal proliferation is removed and unregulated growth is possible.

A highly conserved heterodimeric glycoprotein that is differentially expressed during many severe physiological disturbance states such as CANCER; APOPTOSIS; and various NEUROLOGICAL DISORDERS. Clusterin is ubiquitously expressed and appears to function as a secreted MOLECULAR CHAPERONE.

Interruption or suppression of the expression of a gene at transcriptional or translational levels.

Agents obtained from higher plants that have demonstrable cytostatic or antineoplastic activity.

Immunologic techniques based on the use of: (1) enzyme-antibody conjugates; (2) enzyme-antigen conjugates; (3) antienzyme antibody followed by its homologous enzyme; or (4) enzyme-antienzyme complexes. These are used histologically for visualizing or labeling tissue specimens.

The proportion of survivors in a group, e.g., of patients, studied and followed over a period, or the proportion of persons in a specified group alive at the beginning of a time interval who survive to the end of the interval. It is often studied using life table methods.

Computer systems or programs used in accurate computations for providing radiation dosage treatment to patients.

A pathologic process consisting of the proliferation of blood vessels in abnormal tissues or in abnormal positions.

The male reproductive organs. They are divided into the external organs (PENIS; SCROTUM;and URETHRA) and the internal organs (TESTIS; EPIDIDYMIS; VAS DEFERENS; SEMINAL VESICLES; EJACULATORY DUCTS; PROSTATE; and BULBOURETHRAL GLANDS).

The regular and simultaneous occurrence in a single interbreeding population of two or more discontinuous genotypes. The concept includes differences in genotypes ranging in size from a single nucleotide site (POLYMORPHISM, SINGLE NUCLEOTIDE) to large nucleotide sequences visible at a chromosomal level.

A cancer registry mandated under the National Cancer Act of 1971 to operate and maintain a population-based cancer reporting system, reporting periodically estimates of cancer incidence and mortality in the United States. The Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) Program is a continuing project of the National Cancer Institute of the National Institutes of Health. Among its goals, in addition to assembling and reporting cancer statistics, are the monitoring of annual cancer incident trends and the promoting of studies designed to identify factors amenable to cancer control interventions. (From National Cancer Institute, NIH Publication No. 91-3074, October 1990)

The GENETIC TRANSLATION products of the fusion between an ONCOGENE and another gene. The latter may be of viral or cellular origin.

A microsomal cytochrome P450 enzyme that catalyzes the 17-alpha-hydroxylation of progesterone or pregnenolone and subsequent cleavage of the residual two carbons at C17 in the presence of molecular oxygen and NADPH-FERRIHEMOPROTEIN REDUCTASE. This enzyme, encoded by CYP17 gene, generates precursors for glucocorticoid, androgen, and estrogen synthesis. Defects in CYP17 gene cause congenital adrenal hyperplasia (ADRENAL HYPERPLASIA, CONGENITAL) and abnormal sexual differentiation.

One of the six homologous soluble proteins that bind insulin-like growth factors (SOMATOMEDINS) and modulate their mitogenic and metabolic actions at the cellular level.

Minimally invasive procedures guided with the aid of magnetic resonance imaging to visualize tissue structures.

Materials used as reference points for imaging studies.

A set of techniques used when variation in several variables has to be studied simultaneously. In statistics, multivariate analysis is interpreted as any analytic method that allows simultaneous study of two or more dependent variables.

A class of statistical procedures for estimating the survival function (function of time, starting with a population 100% well at a given time and providing the percentage of the population still well at later times). The survival analysis is then used for making inferences about the effects of treatments, prognostic factors, exposures, and other covariates on the function.

The treatment of a disease or condition by several different means simultaneously or sequentially. Chemoimmunotherapy, RADIOIMMUNOTHERAPY, chemoradiotherapy, cryochemotherapy, and SALVAGE THERAPY are seen most frequently, but their combinations with each other and surgery are also used.

The biosynthesis of RNA carried out on a template of DNA. The biosynthesis of DNA from an RNA template is called REVERSE TRANSCRIPTION.

Tumors or cancer of the human BREAST.

Age as a constituent element or influence contributing to the production of a result. It may be applicable to the cause or the effect of a circumstance. It is used with human or animal concepts but should be differentiated from AGING, a physiological process, and TIME FACTORS which refers only to the passage of time.

Proteins that are normally involved in holding cellular growth in check. Deficiencies or abnormalities in these proteins may lead to unregulated cell growth and tumor development.

A tumor necrosis factor receptor subtype with specificity for TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR LIGAND SUPERFAMILY MEMBER 15. It is found in tissues containing LYMPHOCYTES and may play a role in regulating lymphocyte homeostasis and APOPTOSIS. The activated receptor signals via a conserved death domain that associates with specific TNF RECEPTOR-ASSOCIATED FACTORS in the CYTOPLASM.

Period after successful treatment in which there is no appearance of the symptoms or effects of the disease.

The introduction of a phosphoryl group into a compound through the formation of an ester bond between the compound and a phosphorus moiety.

Statistical models which describe the relationship between a qualitative dependent variable (that is, one which can take only certain discrete values, such as the presence or absence of a disease) and an independent variable. A common application is in epidemiology for estimating an individual's risk (probability of a disease) as a function of a given risk factor.

Diffusible gene products that act on homologous or heterologous molecules of viral or cellular DNA to regulate the expression of proteins.

An agent with anti-androgen and progestational properties. It shows competitive binding with dihydrotestosterone at androgen receptor sites.

Theoretical representations that simulate the behavior or activity of biological processes or diseases. For disease models in living animals, DISEASE MODELS, ANIMAL is available. Biological models include the use of mathematical equations, computers, and other electronic equipment.

The general name for a group of fat-soluble pigments found in green, yellow, and leafy vegetables, and yellow fruits. They are aliphatic hydrocarbons consisting of a polyisoprene backbone.

A gene silencing phenomenon whereby specific dsRNAs (RNA, DOUBLE-STRANDED) trigger the degradation of homologous mRNA (RNA, MESSENGER). The specific dsRNAs are processed into SMALL INTERFERING RNA (siRNA) which serves as a guide for cleavage of the homologous mRNA in the RNA-INDUCED SILENCING COMPLEX. DNA METHYLATION may also be triggered during this process.

Transfer of a neoplasm from its primary site to lymph nodes or to distant parts of the body by way of the lymphatic system.

The use of needles usually larger than 14-gauge to remove tissue samples large enough to retain cellular architecture for pathology examination.

Short sequences (generally about 10 base pairs) of DNA that are complementary to sequences of messenger RNA and allow reverse transcriptases to start copying the adjacent sequences of mRNA. Primers are used extensively in genetic and molecular biology techniques.

A decapeptide that stimulates the synthesis and secretion of both pituitary gonadotropins, LUTEINIZING HORMONE and FOLLICLE STIMULATING HORMONE. GnRH is produced by neurons in the septum PREOPTIC AREA of the HYPOTHALAMUS and released into the pituitary portal blood, leading to stimulation of GONADOTROPHS in the ANTERIOR PITUITARY GLAND.

Methods of investigating the effectiveness of anticancer cytotoxic drugs and biologic inhibitors. These include in vitro cell-kill models and cytostatic dye exclusion tests as well as in vivo measurement of tumor growth parameters in laboratory animals.

Compounds or agents that combine with an enzyme in such a manner as to prevent the normal substrate-enzyme combination and the catalytic reaction.

A type of IN SITU HYBRIDIZATION in which target sequences are stained with fluorescent dye so their location and size can be determined using fluorescence microscopy. This staining is sufficiently distinct that the hybridization signal can be seen both in metaphase spreads and in interphase nuclei.

The GENETIC RECOMBINATION of the parts of two or more GENES, including an ONCOGENE as at least one of the fusion partners. Such gene fusions are often detected in neoplastic cells and are transcribed into ONCOGENE FUSION PROTEINS.

Highly proliferative, self-renewing, and colony-forming stem cells which give rise to NEOPLASMS.

A graphic means for assessing the ability of a screening test to discriminate between healthy and diseased persons; may also be used in other studies, e.g., distinguishing stimuli responses as to a faint stimuli or nonstimuli.

Technique using an instrument system for making, processing, and displaying one or more measurements on individual cells obtained from a cell suspension. Cells are usually stained with one or more fluorescent dyes specific to cell components of interest, e.g., DNA, and fluorescence of each cell is measured as it rapidly transverses the excitation beam (laser or mercury arc lamp). Fluorescence provides a quantitative measure of various biochemical and biophysical properties of the cell, as well as a basis for cell sorting. Other measurable optical parameters include light absorption and light scattering, the latter being applicable to the measurement of cell size, shape, density, granularity, and stain uptake.

An element with the atomic symbol Se, atomic number 34, and atomic weight 78.96. It is an essential micronutrient for mammals and other animals but is toxic in large amounts. Selenium protects intracellular structures against oxidative damage. It is an essential component of GLUTATHIONE PEROXIDASE.

Treatments with drugs which interact with or block synthesis of specific cellular components characteristic of the individual's disease in order to stop or interrupt the specific biochemical dysfunction involved in progression of the disease.

Accumulation of a drug or chemical substance in various organs (including those not relevant to its pharmacologic or therapeutic action). This distribution depends on the blood flow or perfusion rate of the organ, the ability of the drug to penetrate organ membranes, tissue specificity, protein binding. The distribution is usually expressed as tissue to plasma ratios.

Within a eukaryotic cell, a membrane-limited body which contains chromosomes and one or more nucleoli (CELL NUCLEOLUS). The nuclear membrane consists of a double unit-type membrane which is perforated by a number of pores; the outermost membrane is continuous with the ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM. A cell may contain more than one nucleus. (From Singleton & Sainsbury, Dictionary of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, 2d ed)

Proteins which bind to DNA. The family includes proteins which bind to both double- and single-stranded DNA and also includes specific DNA binding proteins in serum which can be used as markers for malignant diseases.

Gastrin-releasing peptide receptors in the human prostate: relation to neoplastic transformation. (1/3797)

Bombesin-like peptides such as gastrin-releasing peptide (GRP) have been shown to play a role in cancer as autocrine growth factors that stimulate tumor growth through specific receptors. To search for potential clinical indications for GRP analogues, it is important to identify human tumor types expressing sufficient amounts of the respective receptors. In the present study, we have evaluated the expression of GRP receptors in human nonneoplastic and neoplastic prostate tissues using in vitro receptor autoradiography on tissue sections with 125I-Tyr4-bombesin as radio-ligand. GRP receptors were detected, often in high density, in 30 of 30 invasive prostatic carcinomas and also in 26 of 26 cases of prostatic intraepithelial proliferative lesions, corresponding mostly to prostatic intraepithelial neoplasias. Well-differentiated carcinomas had a higher receptor density than poorly differentiated ones. Bone metastases of androgen-independent prostate cancers were GRP receptor-positive in 4 of 7 cases. Conversely, GRP receptors were identified in only a few hyperplastic prostates and were localized in very low density in glandular tissue and, focally, in some stromal tissue. In all of the cases, the receptors corresponded to the GRP receptor subtype of bombesin receptors, having high affinity for GRP and bombesin and lower affinity for neuromedin B. These data demonstrate a massive GRP receptor overexpression in prostate tissues that are neoplastically transformed or, like prostatic intraepithelial neoplasias, are in the process of malignant transformation. GRP receptors may be markers for early molecular events in prostate carcinogenesis and useful in differentiating prostate hyperplasia from prostate neoplasia Such data may not only be of biological significance but may also provide a molecular basis for potential clinical applications such as GRP-receptor scintigraphy for early tumor diagnosis, radiotherapy with radiolabeled bombesin-like peptide analogues, and chemotherapy with cytotoxic bombesin analogues. (+info)

Cloning and characterization of androgen receptor coactivator, ARA55, in human prostate. (2/3797)

Androgen receptor (AR) is a hormone-activated transcriptional factor that can bind to androgen response elements and that regulates the transcription of target genes via a mechanism that presumably involves cofactors. We report here the cloning of a novel AR coactivator ARA55 using a yeast two-hybrid system. ARA55 consists of 444 amino acids with the predicted molecular mass of 55 kDa and its sequence shows very high homology to mouse hic5, a TGF-beta1-inducible gene. Yeast and mammalian two-hybrid systems and co-immunoprecipitation assays all prove ARA55 can bind to AR in a ligand-dependent manner. Transient transfection assay in prostate cancer DU145 cells further demonstrates that ARA55 can enhance AR transcriptional activity in the presence of 1 nM dihydrotestosterone or its antagonists such as 100 nM 17beta-estradiol or 1 microM hydroxyflutamide. Our data also suggest the C-terminal half of ARA55, which includes three LIM motifs, is sufficient to interact with AR. Northern blot and polymerase chain reaction quantitation showed ARA55 can be expressed differently in normal prostate and prostate tumor cells. Together, our data suggests that ARA55 may play very important roles in the progression of prostate cancer by the modulation of AR transactivation. (+info)

Molecular cloning and characterization of prostase, an androgen-regulated serine protease with prostate-restricted expression. (3/3797)

The identification of genes with selective expression in specific organs or cell types provides an entry point for understanding biological processes that occur uniquely within a particular tissue. Using a subtraction approach designed to identify genes preferentially expressed in specific tissues, we have identified prostase, a human serine protease with prostate-restricted expression. The prostase cDNA encodes a putative 254-aa polypeptide with a conserved serine protease catalytic triad and an amino-terminal pre-propeptide sequence, indicating a potential secretory function. The genomic sequence comprises five exons and four introns and contains multiple copies of a chromosome 19q-specific minisatellite repeat. Northern analysis indicates that prostase mRNA is expressed in hormonally responsive normal and neoplastic prostate epithelial tissues, but not in prostate stromal constituents. Prostase shares 35% amino acid identity with prostate-specific antigen (PSA) and 78% identity with the porcine enamel matrix serine proteinase 1, an enzyme involved in enamel matrix degradation and with a putative role in the disruption of intercellular junctions. Radiation-hybrid-panel mapping localized prostase to chromosome 19q13, a region containing several other serine proteases, including protease M, pancreatic/renal kallikrein hK1, and the prostate-specific kallikreins hK2 and hK3 (PSA). The sequence homology between prostase and other well-characterized serine proteases suggests several potential functional roles for the prostase protein that include the degradation of extracellular matrix and the activation of PSA and other proteases. (+info)

Delivery of adenoviral vectors to the prostate for gene therapy. (4/3797)

Prostate cancer has become the most frequently occurring cancer and the second leading cause of cancer deaths in men. One novel approach to combat prostate cancer is gene therapy. A replication-deficient recombinant adenoviral vector (AdRSVlacZ) expressing bacterial beta-galactosidase (beta-gal) (lacZ) under the control of the Rous sarcoma virus promoter was used to determine which delivery route was best for the transduction of adenoviral vectors to the prostate. Using a canine model, adenoviral vectors were administered by intravenous, intra-arterial, and intraprostatic (i.p.) injections. After injections, the expression of the lacZ gene was measured in canine prostates as well as in various other organs to determine the distribution of the disseminated adenoviral vector by (a) the percentage of cells expressing lacZ in situ (5-bromo-4-chloro-3-indolyl beta-D-galactoside staining), (b) beta-gal enzymatic activity (colorimetric beta-gal assay), and (c) polymerase chain reaction of genomic DNA using primers specific for the adenoviral genome. An i.p. injection of the adenoviral vector resulted in a greater transduction rate and expression level of lacZ in the prostate than either intravenous or intra-arterial (inferior vesical/prostatic artery) injections. Thus, an i.p. (or intratumoral) injection seems to be the best route to treat local regional prostate cancer by viral-based gene therapy. (+info)

Prolactin receptor expression in the developing human prostate and in hyperplastic, dysplastic, and neoplastic lesions. (5/3797)

In situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry were used to localize and compare the expression of the long form of the human prolactin receptor in fetal, prepubertal, and adult prostate. Results were then compared with hyperplastic, dysplastic, and neoplastic lesions. Both receptor message and protein were predominately localized in epithelial cells of the fetal, neonatal, prepubertal, and normal adult prostate. In hyperplastic lesions the expression of the receptor was unchanged with respect to normal epithelial cells. Irrespective of grade, markedly enhanced expression of the receptor was evident in dysplastic lesions. In lower Gleason grade carcinomas the intensity of receptor signal at the message and protein levels approximated that found in normal prostatic epithelium. However, in foci within higher grade cancers, receptor expression appeared diminished. Results from our study suggest that prolactin action plays a role in the development and maintenance of the human prostate and may also participate in early neoplastic transformation of the gland. Diminution of receptor expression in high grade neoplasms could reflect the emergence of a population of cells that are no longer responsive to the peptide hormone. (+info)

COUP-TF upregulates NGFI-A gene expression through an Sp1 binding site. (6/3797)

The formation of various tissues requires close communication between two groups of cells, epithelial and mesenchymal cells. COUP-TFs are transcription factors which have been shown to have functions in embryonic development. COUP-TFI is expressed mainly in the nervous system, and its targeted deletion leads to defects in the central and peripheral nervous systems. COUP-TFII is highly expressed in the mesenchymal component of the developing organs. A null mutation of COUP-TFII results in the malformation of the heart and blood vessels. From their expression pattern, we proposed that COUP-TFs regulate paracrine signals important for mesenchymal cell-epithelial cell interactions. In order to identify genes regulated by COUP-TF in this process, a rat urogenital mesenchymal cell line was stably transfected with a COUP-TFI expression vector. We found that NGFI-A, a gene with important functions in brain, organ, and vasculature development, has elevated mRNA and protein levels upon overexpression of COUP-TFI in these cells. A study of the promoter region of this gene identified a COUP-TF-responsive element between positions -64 and -46. Surprisingly, this region includes binding sites for members of the Sp1 family of transcription factors but no COUP-TF binding site. Mutations that abolish the Sp1 binding activity also impair the transactivation of the NGFI-A promoter by COUP-TF. Two regions of the COUP-TF molecule are shown to be important for NGFI-A activation: the DNA binding domain and the extreme C terminus of the putative ligand binding domain. The C-terminal region is likely to be important for interaction with coactivators. In fact, the coactivators p300 and steroid receptor activator 1 can enhance the transactivation of the NGFI-A promoter induced by COUP-TFI. Finally, we demonstrated that COUP-TF can directly interact with Sp1. Taken together, these results suggest that NGFI-A is a target gene for COUP-TFs and that the Sp1 family of transcription factors mediates its regulation by COUP-TFs. (+info)

Cloning and characterization of human prostate coactivator ARA54, a novel protein that associates with the androgen receptor. (7/3797)

Androgen receptor (AR) is a member of the steroid receptor superfamily that may require coactivators for proper or maximal transactivation. Using a yeast two-hybrid screening followed by mammalian cell analyses, we identified a novel ligand-dependent AR-associated protein, ARA54, which consists of 474 amino acids with a molecular mass of 54 kDa. We demonstrated that ARA54 might function as a preferential coactivator for AR-mediated transactivation in human prostate cancer DU145 cells. Interestingly, our data also showed that ARA54 could significantly enhance the transcriptional activity of LNCaP mutant AR (ARt877a) but not wild type AR or another mutant AR (ARe708k) in the presence of 10 nM 17beta-estradiol or 1 microM hydroxyflutamide. These results imply that both ARA54 and the positions of the AR mutation (877 versus 708) might contribute to the specificity of AR-mediated transactivation. Our findings further demonstrated that the C-terminal domain of ARA54 can serve as a dominant negative inhibitor and exogenous full-length ARA54 can reverse this squelching effect on AR transcriptional activity. Co-expression of ARA54 with other AR coactivators, such as ARA70 or SRC-1, showed additive stimulation of AR-mediated transactivation, which indicates that these cofactors may function individually as AR coactivators to induce AR target gene expression. Through our findings, we have identified and characterized a novel AR coactivator, ARA54, which may play an important role in the AR signaling pathway in human prostate. (+info)

The relationship between adrogen receptors and the hormonally controlled responses of rat ventral prostate. (8/3797)

1. The administration of dihydrotestosterone to rats orchidectomized 7 days previously stimulated the synthesis of nuclear receptor in prostatic cells several hours in advance of DNA synthesis and mitosis. 2. The synthesis of nuclear receptor is tightly coupled to cell proliferation; consequently, in resting cells, there is no further net synthesis of nuclear receptor above the maximum of approx. 8000 molecules/cell. 3. After orchidectomy a rapid decline in the concentration of free androgen in the nuceus and a slower decline in the concentration of nuclear receptor are observed. 4. Owing to the apparent scarcity of receptor-inactivating factors in the nucleus, and the inverse relationship between amounts of nuclear and cytoplasmic receptors, it is concluded that the nuclear receptor is discharged into the cytoplasm after orchidectomy. 5. The formation of the cytoplasmic receptor is an early event preceding the onset of cellular autolysis. 6. Regressing prostate develops the capacity to eliminate cytoplasmic receptor, and this capacity is retained by the regenerating prostate for at least 14 days. 7. The synthesis of nuclear receptor in early G1 phase may control the entry of cells into the cell cycle and the prolonged retention of receptor in the nucleus may prevent the activation of autophagic processes. (+info)

... cancer that is only present in the prostate is often treated with either surgical removal of the prostate or with ... Lobes of prostate Zones of prostate Inside of the prostate, adjacent and parallel to the prostatic urethra, there are two ... "Prostate Cancer Information from the Foundation of the Prostate Gland." Prostate Cancer Treatment Guide. Web. 14 June 2010. ... The prostate gland enlarges over time, until the fourth decade of life. The prostate secretes fluid which becomes part of semen ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prostate

... is cancer of the prostate. Prostate cancer is the second most common cancerous tumor worldwide and is the fifth ... Because of the prostate's location, prostate diseases often affect urination, ejaculation, and rarely defecation. In prostate ... Transurethral resection of the prostate is the standard surgical treatment for benign enlargement of the prostate. In prostate ... "Novel role of zinc in the regulation of prostate citrate metabolism and its implications in prostate cancer". The Prostate. 35 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prostate_cancer

A prostate massager is a device for massaging the prostate gland. The shape of a prostate massager is similar to a finger, ... When used in sexual practice, prostate massagers are commonly referred to as "prostate toys", "prostate sex toys", and "anal ... Prostate massage can be performed individually or with the help of a partner. Prostate massage may also be used in long-term ... Prostate massage is also used as an erotic massage for sexual stimulation, often in order to reach orgasm. The prostate is ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prostate_massage

LDR prostate brachytherapy on its own has been shown to be highly effective for the treatment of early prostate cancer. The ... LDR prostate brachytherapy (seed or line source implantation) is a proven treatment for low to high risk localized prostate ... 2006). "Biochemical (prostate-specific antigen) relapse-free survival and toxicity after 125I low-dose-rate prostate ... "Erectile Dysfunction After Prostate Cancer". www.hopkinsmedicine.org. 19 November 2019. Retrieved 2020-04-01. Prostate UK (UK ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prostate_brachytherapy

... is a peer-reviewed medical journal devoted to the anatomy, physiology, and pathology of the prostate gland. The ... Prostate, All stub articles, Medical journal stubs). ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Prostate

... is a procedure in which small hollow needle-core samples are removed from a man's prostate gland to be examined ... MRI-guided prostate biopsy appears to be superior to standard TRUS-biopsy in prostate cancer detection. Several groups in the U ... A spring-loaded prostate tissue biopsy needle is then inserted into the prostate, making a clicking sound. If local anesthetic ... In the fusion MRI-US prostate biopsy, a prostate MRI is performed before biopsy and then, at the time of biopsy, the MRI images ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prostate_biopsy

... is the congenital abnormality of a small (or absent) prostate gland. Often associated with other ... Observed in 5α-reductase 2 deficiency in which impaired 5α-dihydrotestosterone (DHT) synthesis impairs prostate development ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prostate_hypoplasia

... is a protein that in humans is encoded by the MSMP gene. This gene encodes a member of ... "Entrez Gene: Microseminoprotein, prostate associated". Retrieved 2016-03-03. This article incorporates text from the United ... The encoded protein may play a role in prostate cancer tumorigenesis. GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000215183 - Ensembl, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microseminoprotein,_prostate_associated

4], Prostate Cancer Foundation, Xtandi Receives FDA Approval for Prostate Cancer Patients. Retrieved 2012-08-31. [5], Prostate ... 13], Prostate Cancer Foundation, Funded Research. Retrieved 2015-03-10. Foundation, Prostate Cancer. "Prostate Cancer ... "PROSTATE CANCER FOUNDATION AND MAJOR LEAGUE BASEBALL STEP UP TO THE PLATE TO RAISE AWARENESS AND FUND RESEARCH FOR PROSTATE ... Palmer is a prostate cancer survivor and the honorary golf chairman of the Prostate Cancer Foundation.[citation needed] In 2003 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prostate_Cancer_Foundation

... for primary prostate care. Prostate multiparametric MR imaging (mpMRI) is helpful in evaluating recurrence of primary prostate ... but is often elevated in the presence of prostate cancer or other prostate disorders. PSA is not a unique indicator of prostate ... Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) is secreted by the epithelial cells of the prostate gland and can be detected in a sample of ... Prostate biopsies are used to diagnose prostate cancer but are not done on asymptomatic men and therefore are not used for ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prostate_cancer_screening

... typically entails 40-80 core samples taken from the prostate under general anesthesia. This ... Prostate biopsy Summary of Fee Schedule Policies, Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services, 2009. Archived 2011-07-08 at the ... technique is used on certain high-risk patients, typically with elevated prostate specific antigen levels, abnormal findings on ... Wayback Machine Pathology Service Associates: New HCPCS: Prostate Saturation Biopsies, 2012 (Webarchive template wayback links ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prostate_saturation_biopsy

... is a prostate cancer research, awareness and support organisation which is a registered charity in England ... "Who we are". Prostate Cancer UK. Retrieved 2021-05-18. "Prostate Cancer UK charity partnership". EDF. Retrieved 2021-05-18. ... In 2021, the charity funded a study investigating why black men are twice as likely as other men to develop prostate cancer. ... The charity merged with Prostate Action in 2012 to form the current organisation. As of 2021, EDF Energy is currently in a ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prostate_Cancer_UK

... is the process by which physicians categorize the risk of cancer having spread beyond the prostate, or ... For prostate cancer, grade group information and prostate-specific antigen levels are used in conjunction with TNM status to ... "How prostate cancer is staged". American Cancer Society. "Survival: Prostate cancer". Cancer Research UK. "2021 exceptional ... but has not spread outside the prostate cT2a: the tumor is in half or less than half of one of the prostate gland's two lobes ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prostate_cancer_staging

Prostate Cancer Can Prostate Cancer Be Found Early? National Cancer Institute: The Prostate-Specific Antigen (PSA) Test: ... It is now clear that the term prostate-specific antigen is a misnomer: it is an antigen but is not specific to the prostate. ... Thus, individual prostate cancer cells produce less PSA than healthy cells; the raised serum levels in prostate cancer patients ... Prostate-specific antigen has been shown to interact with protein C inhibitor. Prostate-specific antigen interacts with and ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prostate-specific_antigen

Depending on the size of the prostate an adequate number of injections is delivered to the two side lobes and to the middle ... Prostate steam treatment (Rezum), also called water vapor thermal therapy (WVTT), is a minimally invasive surgical procedure ... Over a period of about three months the dead cells are removed by the body, thus shrinking the prostate and relieving BPH ... Water vapor thermal therapy was looked at in larger volume prostates (>80 mL) and in those with middle lobes protruding into ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prostate_steam_treatment

The Vancouver Prostate Centre (VPC) is a prostate cancer translational research centre located in Vancouver, British Columbia. ... Colleen Nelson". Vancouver Prostate Centre. Retrieved 25 November 2018. "The Prostate Centre at VGH celebrates 10 years of ... "The Prostate Centre at VGH celebrates 10 years of excellence in discovery, treatment, and education with free public forum, ... Larry Goldenberg, Paul Rennie, Martin Gleave and Colleen Nelson founded the VPC (then called The Prostate Centre at VGH) in ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vancouver_Prostate_Centre

... and symptoms of prostate health and prostate cancer Advocating for further research on prostate health issues and prostate ... importance of prostate health and prostate cancer awareness Providing easily accessible prostate health screenings and prostate ... National Prostate Health Month (NPHM), also known as National Prostate Cancer Awareness Month, is observed every September in ... The Prostate Cancer Education Council uses the popularity of sports to spread awareness of prostate health effects and ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National_Prostate_Health_Month

Prostate Adenocarcinoma TransCutaneous Hormones (PATCH) - ClinicalTrials.gov (Prostate cancer, Clinical trials). ... The Prostate Adenocarcinoma: TransCutaneous Hormones (PATCH) study is a large randomized controlled trial in the United Kingdom ... "Prostate Adenocarcinoma TransCutaneous Hormones (PATCH)". ClinicalTrials.gov. U.S. National Library of Medicine. Retrieved 21 ... Besides the PATCH trial, the Systemic Therapy in Advancing or Metastatic Prostate Cancer: Evaluation of Drug Efficacy (STAMPEDE ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prostate_Adenocarcinoma:_TransCutaneous_Hormones

Prostate cancer#Research Resnick MJ, Lacchetti C, Bergman J, Hauke RJ, Hoffman KE, Kungel TM, et al. (March 2015). "Prostate ... HIFU for prostate cancer utilizes ultrasound to ablate/destroy the tissue of the prostate. During the HIFU procedure, sound ... Prostate rectum spacers should be compatible with all prostate cancer radiotherapy treatments including 3D conformal, IMRT and ... "Radiation Therapy for Prostate Cancer: Prostate Brachytherapy". Archived from the original on 2010-03-04. Retrieved 2010-03-17 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Management_of_prostate_cancer

... is a protein that in humans is encoded by the HPC4 gene. "Human PubMed Reference:". National ... "Entrez Gene: Prostate cancer, hereditary, 4". Retrieved 2017-08-06. v t e (Genes on human chromosome 7, All stub articles, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prostate_cancer,_hereditary,_4

Re: Radical prostatectomy versus watchful waiting in localized prostate cancer: the Scandinavian Prostate Cancer Group-4 ... zoledronic acid with standard prostate cancer therapy versus standard prostate cancer therapy alone for prevention of bone ... "Radical prostatectomy versus watchful waiting in localized prostate cancer: the Scandinavian prostate cancer group-4 randomized ... The Scandinavian Prostate Cancer Group (SPCG) is a group of scientific researchers who have conducted a series of clinical ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scandinavian_Prostate_Cancer_Group

The International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS) is an eight-question written screening tool used to screen for, rapidly ... form International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS) at Urological Sciences Research Foundation. Retrieved November 2011 Cockett, A ... Position Is of Influence in Men with Prostate Enlargement. A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis". PLOS ONE. 9 (7): e101320. ... http://www.urospec.com/uro/Forms/ipss.pdf Archived 2015-02-09 at the Wayback Machine International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Prostate_Symptom_Score

Hence, the evolution of the prostate gland is unique to mammals. Primordial periurethral glands have been described in the ... Observations in the platypus of the periurethral glands were non-committal as to homology with the prostate. Subsequently, the ... The glandular tissue surrounding the monotreme urethra most likely represents a rudimentary prostate. There are no periurethral ... In aggregate, these characteristics of glandular tissue surrounding the urethra identify a rudimentary disseminate prostate in ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prostate_evolution_in_monotreme_mammals

The EPC programme found that bicalutamide was effective in treating locally advanced prostate cancer but not localized prostate ... Iversen P, Roder MA (March 2008). "The Early Prostate Cancer program: bicalutamide in nonmetastatic prostate cancer". Expert ... results from Early Prostate Cancer Trial 24 at a median 7 years' follow-up". Prostate Cancer Prostatic Dis. 10 (1): 87-93. doi: ... in the early prostate cancer programme". Prostate Cancer Prostatic Dis. 8 (2): 194-200. doi:10.1038/sj.pcan.4500799. PMID ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Early_Prostate_Cancer_(clinical_programme)

... (TUIP or TIP) is a surgical procedure for treating prostate gland enlargement (benign ... one or two small cuts in the prostate gland-can improve urine flow and correct other problems related to an enlarged prostate.[ ... However, TUIP can only be used when the prostate is relatively small.[citation needed] Transurethral needle ablation of the ... citation needed] Compared with other surgical procedures for prostate gland enlargement, TUIP is simpler and generally has ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transurethral_incision_of_the_prostate

... is a book written by Dr. Mark Scholz and Ralph Blum in 2010. Invasion of the Prostate ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Invasion_of_the_Prostate_Snatchers

Support Groups and Prostate Cancer Specialist Nurses. Prostate Cancer Foundation of Australia provides funding for prostate ... Prostate Cancer Foundation of Australia is a broad-based community organisation and the peak national body for prostate cancer ... Prostate Cancer Foundation of Australia 2013. ISBN 978-0-9923335-8-4 Development of Consumer Resources for Prostate Cancer. ... Prostate Cancer Foundation of Australia Annual Report 2017-18 Prostate Cancer Foundation of Australia Research Strategy 2019-22 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prostate_Cancer_Foundation_of_Australia

The scope is passed through the urethra to the prostate where surrounding prostate tissue can then be excised. There are two ... With laser prostate surgery a fiber optic cable pushed through the urethra is used to transmit lasers such as holmium-Nd:YAG ... The blood released from the resected prostate may become stuck in the urethra and can cause pain and urine retention. Bladder ... It is used to treat benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). As the name indicates, it is performed by visualising the prostate ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transurethral_resection_of_the_prostate

Prostate-specific antigen based screening for prostate cancer led to earlier detection of prostate cancer (stage migration), ... 2004). "Prevalence of prostate cancer among men with a prostate-specific antigen level < or = 4.0 ng per milliliter". N Engl J ... These low grade prostate cancers make up 60-70% of the cancers found with prostate-specific antigen based screening. Thus, the ... In the future it is likely that men with newly diagnosed localized prostate cancer will have had an assessment of the prostate ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Active_surveillance_of_prostate_cancer

... (EPCA-2) is a protein of which blood levels are elevated in prostate cancer. It appears to ... "Detection of prostate cancer with a blood-based assay for early prostate cancer antigen". Cancer Res. 65 (10): 4097-100. doi: ... EPCA-2 gets its name because it is the second prostate cancer marker identified by the research team. This earlier marker was ... April 2007). "EPCA-2: a highly specific serum marker for prostate cancer". Urology. 69 (4): 714-20. doi:10.1016/j.urology. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Early_prostate_cancer_antigen-2

Learn what prostate cancer is, who is at risk, and about symptoms, screening, diagnosis, and treatment for prostate cancer. ... Prostate cancer is the second most common cancer among men in the United States. The Data Visualizations Tool provides detailed ... Get an overview of prostate cancer screening and questions to ask your doctor before you decide to get tested or treated for ... CDC works with partners to reduce the burden of prostate cancer in the United States. Learn what CDC is doing. ...

https://www.cdc.gov/cancer/prostate/

Prostate cancer in men, especially seniors is one of the most prevalent causes of cancer ... Cancer of the prostate gland, which surrounds the urethra, is very common in older men. In fact, it exists in as many as 50% of ... Because prostate cancer grows so slowly, most physicians believe it does not always need to be treated. That decision is based ... The prostate and in some instances the testicles may be removed surgically. The latter operation is usually only necessary when ...

https://www.seniormag.com/conditions/cancer/prostate.htm

... prostate, psa test - Answer: Should I ask my doctor about it because im new to this and dont want to... ... Does Xtandi lower prostate-specific antigen (PSA)?. Updated 10 Dec 2020 1 answer FAQ by Drugs.com ... How does taking 5mg Cialis affect prostate PSA test results?. Question posted by Twoodyt on 28 June 2018 ...

https://www.drugs.com/answers/taking-5mg-cialis-effect-prostate-psa-test-results-3421635.html

to the editor: I am writing to express my deep concern and disagreement in relation to the article on prostate cancer written ... We do, however, feel that brachytherapy should be explored as a treatment for low-stage, low-volume, low-grade prostate cancer. ... We chose to avoid discussion of brachytherapy (as well as discussion of other novel techniques for the treatment of prostate ... In summary, we believe that the following statements reflect state-of-the-art treatment of localized prostate cancer: (1) over ...

https://www.aafp.org/pubs/afp/issues/1998/1201/p1972.html

So while only a few prostate cancers are diagnosed originally as neuroendocrine prostate cancer, many cases that develop after ... The Treatment Challenges of Neuroendocrine Prostate Cancer : Oncology Times. You may be trying to access this site from a ... NEW YORK-Neuroendocrine prostate cancer is a high-risk, lethal subset of disease, often referred to as representing only two ... The Treatment Challenges of Neuroendocrine Prostate Cancer. Carlson, Robert H.. Oncology Times 37(4):p 1,18-19, February 25, ...

https://journals.lww.com/oncology-times/Fulltext/2015/02250/The_Treatment_Challenges_of_Neuroendocrine.3.aspx

Get the Prostate Cancer Patient Guide, available as a free emailed pdf. * ... Prostate Cancer Foundation. 1250 Fourth Street. Santa Monica, CA 90401. 1.800.757.CURE (2873). Main 310.570.4700 ... Prostate Cancer Foundation. 1250 Fourth Street. Santa Monica, CA 90401. 1.800.757.CURE (2873). Main 310.570.4700 ... 82 cents of every dollar donated goes to our prostate cancer research mission ...

https://www.pcf.org/bio-category/young-investigator-award-recipients-2013/?resercher_name=E

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Steven Raman, a radiologist and a senior author of the study, said prostate cancer diagnoses and assessments usually do not use ... Raman said most men develop prostate cancer at some point in their lives, but most do not require intervention. However, the ... Raman, along with UCLA urologists and pathologists, had previously developed a method of using MRI to collect data on prostate ... Raman added there is a 30-40% chance of misdiagnosing the severity of prostate cancers. Improving diagnostic procedures could ...

https://dailybruin.com/2019/04/29/ucla-researchers-invent-new-technology-to-improve-prostate-cancer-diagnoses

Bob Casey of Pennsylvania said Thursday that he will undergo surgery for prostate cancer but is expected to make a full ... Bob Casey of Pennsylvania said Thursday that he will undergo surgery for prostate cancer but is expected to make a full ...

https://whnt.com/news/politics/ap-politics/ap-casey-says-hell-undergo-surgery-for-prostate-cancer/

Dick Clark died a day after prostate surgery. The Empowered Patient is a regular feature from CNN Senior Medical News ... Instead, doctors insert a surgical tool through the tip of the penis and into the urethra, and then cut away prostate tissue to ... Dick Clark had a heart attack just a day after having prostate surgery, a procedure that an expert says is "exceedingly safe." ... Hollywood producer and television legend Dick Clark died of a heart attack a day after having prostate surgery, according to a ...

https://thechart.blogs.cnn.com/2012/04/24/dick-clark-died-a-day-after-prostate-surgery/comment-page-29/?replytocom=3529032

When my husband was diagnosed with prostate cancer in his mid 40s, we opted for a more aggressive treatment strategy, which led ... The topic of prostate cancer is important to me as my husband is a prostate cancer survivor. It was both concerning and ... Our friend suggested removing the prostate and not to delay.. Most men fear removing the prostate as they equate it to living ... During Prostate Cancer Awareness Month, I wanted to share a positive outcome and offer a bit of support and hope for men who ...

https://www.curetoday.com/view/this-prostate-cancer-awareness-month-i-m-sharing-our-experience-with-the-disease

An estimated one in six white men and one in five African-American men will be diagnosed with prostate cancer in their lifetime ... Prostate cancer is the most common noncutaneous cancer in men in the United States. ... PET imaging of prostate-specific membrane antigen in prostate cancer: current state of the art and future challenges. Prostate ... Prostate cancer incidence and disease-specific survival of men with initial prostate-specific antigen less than 3.0 ng/ml who ...

https://www.medscape.com/answers/1967731-106598/how-are-different-types-of-carcinoma-differentiated-in-prostate-cancer

Prostate cancer is a common disease that affects men, usually in middle age or later. Explore symptoms, inheritance, genetics ... Early-stage prostate cancer can usually be treated successfully, and some older men have prostate tumors that grow so slowly ... Genetic Testing Registry: Prostate cancer, hereditary, 9 *Genetic Testing Registry: Prostate cancer/brain cancer susceptibility ... Role of Genetic Testing for Inherited Prostate Cancer Risk: Philadelphia Prostate Cancer Consensus Conference 2017. J Clin ...

https://medlineplus.gov/genetics/condition/prostate-cancer/

six-transmembrane epithelial antigen of the prostate, prostate stem cell antigen, and prostate-specific membrane antigen; ... Transurethral Resection of Prostate. Removal of all or part of the PROSTATE, often using a cystoscope and/or resectoscope ... highly expressed in prostate epithelium, used as diagnostic tool, see also PROSTATE-SPECIFIC ANTIGEN; RefSeq NM_004476 ... a gene differentially expressed in normal prostate and prostate cancer; RefSeq NM_058168 ...

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/mesh/?term=Prostate

The journal is of interest to surgeons, oncologists, clinicians, and researchers involved in disease of the prostate. ... Prostate Cancer and Prostatic Diseases, covering all aspects of prostatic diseases, in particular prostate cancer. ... Prostate Cancer and Prostatic Diseases (Prostate Cancer Prostatic Dis) ISSN 1476-5608 (online) ISSN 1365-7852 (print) ... Prostate Cancer and Prostatic Diseases is a Transformative Journal; authors can publish using the traditional publishing route ...

https://www.nature.com/pcan/?type=abstracts&error=cookies_not_supported&code=24475f30-3f94-4fdb-9a4c-b713c6b1ae4c

... much controversy remains over how best to sequence therapies in prostate cancer. ... Enzalutamide in metastatic prostate cancer before chemotherapy [published online June 1, 2014]. N Engl J Med. 2014;371(5):424- ... Digital rectal exam: Nodular prostate (B). * CT: Multiple blastic lesions to lumbar spine and pelvis but no soft tissue lesions ... In the case of a newly diagnosed patient with hormone-naïve high-grade metastatic prostate cancer, initiating therapy with a ...

https://www.onclive.com/view/case-studies-offer-window-into-evolving-prostate-cancer-paradigm

This review explores the new agents available for treating prostate cancer -- and the urologists role in managing these ... Prostate Cancer and Prostatic Diseases Chemotherapy for Prostate Cancer. When Should a Urologist Refer a Patient to a Medical ... Table 1. EAU guidelines definition of castrate-resistant prostate cancer 9 Castrate serum levels of testosterone (testosterone ... A pivotal decision point for urologists who treat patients with advanced prostate cancer has been timing the patients referral ...

https://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/779789

UrologyWeb There are six treatment options for prostate cancer,HIFU (high intensity focused ultrasound), Cryoablation(freezing ... Prostate cancer recurrences may be localized (within the prostate),regional (outside but close to the prostate) or distant ( ... Recurrent Prostate Cancer. June 15, 2017. by Bert Vorstman There are six treatment options for prostate cancer,HIFU (high ... A rising PSA may not always mean a prostate cancer recurrence or an incomplete treatment of your prostate cancer. After a ...

https://urologyweb.com/topics/prostate-cancer/recurrent-prostate-cancer/

Prostate cancer facts and risk factors, plus early detection guidelines and tips for taking charge of your health. ... Prostate cancer facts. Prostate cancer facts and risk factors, plus early detection guidelines and tips for taking charge of ... "Prostate cancer is the most common cause of cancer in men, but it is not the most common cause of death. There are a lot of ... Screening for prostate cancer should begin at the age of 40 and, as it is a slow growing disease, it can often be cured or ...

https://www.thestar.com/life/health_wellness/diseases_cures/2012/03/30/prostate_cancer_facts.html

The anti-hormone therapies used to treat prostate cancer can raise the risk of heart disease, but some drugs appear to be safer ... Measuring Risk of Prostate Cancer Treatments. The new study involved more than 30,000 men in Sweden with advanced prostate ... Anti-Hormone Treatments for Prostate Cancer. Prostate cancer is the most common type of cancer in men, accounting for about one ... Prostate cancer patients treated with anti-hormone therapies also had a 22% to 41% higher chance of dying of a heart attack or ...

https://www.webmd.com/prostate-cancer/news/20090923/prostate-cancer-therapies-raise-heart-risk

Who and when should we screen for prostate cancer? Interviews with key opinion leaders Prostate cancer screening using prostate ... Current challenges in prostate cancer: an interview with Prostate Cancer UK In this video Q&A, we talk to Iain Frame and Sarah ... Castrate-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC), the most life-threatening form of prostate cancer, has recently been the focus of ... Prostate-specific antigen-based screening: controversy and guidelines Although prostate-specific antigen (PSA) screening has ...

https://www.biomedcentral.com/collections/SPR

If these arouse any suspicion of prostate cancer, a prostate biopsy is usually recommended. ... Prostate cancer is screened for by digital rectal examination and by measuring serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels. ... Prostate cancer is screened for by digital rectal examination and by measuring serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels. If ... TRUS-guided systematic biopsy of the prostate is considered to be the gold standard for the diagnosis of prostate cancer. The ...

https://www.news-medical.net/health/Types-of-Prostate-Biopsy.aspx

Some men are at increased risk for prostate cancer. ... How Is Prostate Cancer Diagnosed?. *How Is Prostate Cancer ... Are more likely to get prostate cancer than other men.. *Are more than twice as likely to die from prostate cancer than other ... Some men are at increased risk for prostate cancer. You are at increased risk for getting or dying from prostate cancer if you ... All men are at risk for prostate cancer, but African-American men are more likely to get prostate cancer than other men. ...

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The main treatments for benign prostate enlargement include lifestyle changes, medicine and surgical procedures. ... Transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP). TURP involves removing part of the prostate gland using a device called a ... The treatment for an enlarged prostate gland will depend on how badly the symptoms are affecting your qualify of life. ... Prostate artery embolisation. A catheter is inserted into an artery in your groin or wrist. Using X‑ray guidance, its passed ...

https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/prostate-enlargement/treatment/

Scientists investigated the microbiome of prostate fluid and found differences between people with prostate cancer and people ... What to know about prostate cancer. Prostate cancer starts in the prostate gland. It is common but highly treatable in the ... Prostate cancer. Aside from skin cancer, prostate cancer is now the most common cancer among men. In the United States, ... The 10 best prostate cancer blogs. Prostate cancer blogs are helpful for patients and caregivers alike. We have selected the ...

https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/325810

Genetically modified virus combats prostate cancer In a study with mice, a gene therapy developed in Brazil kills cancer cells ... "First, we implanted human prostate cancer cells in the mice and waited for tumors to grow. We then injected the virus directly ... "We used a combination of gene therapy and chemotherapy to combat prostate cancer in mice," said Strauss. "We chose the weapon ... The experiments used several groups of mice, all of which were inoculated with prostate tumor cells. To verify the efficacy of ...

https://www.eurekalert.org/news-releases/641626

Find out how prostate cancer is tested for, diagnosed, and staged. ... Know the signs and symptoms of prostate cancer. ... Prostate Cancer Stages * Risk Groups for Localized Prostate ... Learn about the signs and symptoms of prostate cancer. Find out how prostate cancer is tested for, diagnosed, and staged. ... Finding Prostate Cancer Early Catching cancer early often allows for more treatment options. Some early cancers may have signs ...

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The prostate has two main functions: producing and storing fluid that helps make semen and regulating bladder control. ... The prostate gland or prostate is a part of the male reproductive system. It is a small (almost walnut-sized) gland located ... How Does Prostate Cancer Kill You in the End?. Prostate cancer is cancer of the prostate gland in men. Death from prostate ... How Quickly Does Prostate Cancer Spread?. Prostate cancer is a cancer that develops in the prostate gland in men and it is one ...

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Advanced prostate cancer Antigen Gland Cancers Tested for Prostate Cancer Diagnosed with prostate cancer 2022 Tumors Tumor Diagnosis Biopsies Transurethral Castration resistant Recurrent prosta 2021 Bladder Newly diagnosed metastatic prostate cancer Prostatic Urethra Detection Radical Prostatectomy Cases of prostate cancer Metastatic hormone-sensitive prostate Biomarkers Testosterone Therapy in Prostate Cancer Search Cells in the prostate 2020 Risk Urology Develop prostate cancer Castrate-resistant prostate Neuroendocrine prostate cancer Clinically significant prostate cancer Family history of prostate cancer Carcinoma of the Prostate Treatment Treatments Hereditary prostate cancer Semen Benign Diagnostic Radiation Hormone Undergo Biopsy of the prostate Androgen-deprivation therapy 2017 Massager Form of prostate cancer Symptoms of prostate cancer Patients Therapy Screening Tissue Transrectal Epithelial cells

In most cases, the differential diagnoses of advanced prostate cancer do not present any difficulty. (medscape.com)
In this new era of potent androgen receptor-targeted drugs, there is an evolving change in the clinical landscape of advanced prostate cancer, and we believe there is potential to drive tumors toward this more virulent form of prostate cancer. (lww.com)
A pivotal decision point for urologists who treat patients with advanced prostate cancer has been timing the patient's referral to an oncologist for chemotherapy. (medscape.com)
The new study involved more than 30,000 men in Sweden with advanced prostate cancer who received anti-hormone treatments between 1997 and 2006. (webmd.com)
Current research aims to distinguish those at risk of more severe disease through biochemical, molecular and clinical approaches, as well as to develop new targeted therapies for advanced prostate cancer. (biomedcentral.com)
Also, see the Advanced Prostate Cancer: Signs of Metastatic Disease slideshow for help identifying the signs of metastatic disease. (medscape.com)
Mayo Clinic researchers identify drug resistance factors for advanced prostate cancer Sept. 22, 2022, 02:00 p.m. (mayoclinic.org)
High calcium intake is associated with advanced prostate cancer. (medscape.com)
The DNA methylation landscape of advanced prostate cancer. (duke.edu)

Some cases of prostate cancer are detected or at least suspected during the digital rectal examination (usually performed at every annual physical examination) or by a blood test that checks for a protein called prostate-specific antigen (PSA). (seniormag.com)
Does Xtandi lower prostate-specific antigen (PSA)? (drugs.com)
Men are often diagnosed as the result of health screenings, such as a blood test for a substance called prostate specific antigen (PSA) or a medical exam called a digital rectal exam (DRE). (medlineplus.gov)
Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) testing for prostate cancer remains controversial and the risk:benefit ratio of regular screening is not fully established. (biomedcentral.com)
Prostate cancer screening using prostate-specific antigen (PSA) is highly controversial. (biomedcentral.com)
Prostate cancer is screened for by digital rectal examination and by measuring serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels. (news-medical.net)
No prostate-specific antigen (PSA) value can establish with absolute certainty whether a patient has prostate cancer. (medscape.com)
Initially, patients with a prostate-specific antigen (PSA) value higher than 4.0 ng/mL were believed to have an absolute indication. (medscape.com)
They all had high levels of prostate specific antigen (PSA), which is an enzyme that the prostate secretes. (medicalnewstoday.com)
The blood test may also include measuring the levels of a type of protein called prostate-specific antigen or PSA. (medicinenet.com)
In addition, this inverse association was stronger when we restricted the analysis to men with more consistent intake of vegetables over the 10 years before 1986, when we limited the analysis to men who had had a prostate-specific antigen test, and when we considered an 8-year time lag. (nih.gov)
However, if cruciferous vegetables are protective early in prostate carcinogenesis, as suggested by proposed mechanisms, we may expect stronger associations, as observed, for more remote diet for prostate-specific antigen-detected early stage (organ-confined) cancers in younger men. (nih.gov)
The actor first spoke about his experience in 2016, praising the prostate-specific antigen (PSA) test. (yahoo.com)
Prostate cancer can often be found early by testing for prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels in a man's blood. (abqjournal.com)
A preprocedure prostate-specific antigen (PSA) test is important for assessing risk and establishing a baseline from which the PSA level can be tracked after treatment. (medscape.com)
Patients were stratified by prostate-specific antigen doubling time (PSADT), the use of bone-sparing agents, and locoregional disease. (pharmacytimes.com)
We assessed serum prostate specific antigen [‎PSA]‎ levels in 650 men over 40 years referred to 3 Yasuj hospitals for blood cell count in 2003/2004. (who.int)
The presence of a primary signet ring cell carcinoma of the prostate was best confirmed by negative findings on gastrointestinal work-up, a positive stain for prostate-specific acid phosphatase, and negative carcinoembryonic antigen test results. (elsevier.com)
Prostate specific antigen (PSA) is an enzyme secreted by prostate cells that liquefies semen to allow sperm to swim freely. (focusonallergies.com)
What Factors Cause An Increase In PSA (Prostate-Specific Antigen) Levels? (prostateprohelp.com)
The prostate specific antigen ( PSA) test is used to help detect prostate cancer or other prostate abnormalities. (peyronies-disease-help.com)
The researchers hope to learn if combining the study drugs with surgery and radiation will get rid of the cancer from participants' prostates and reduce their prostate-specific antigen (PSA) to an undetectable level. (dana-farber.org)

Cancer of the prostate gland, which surrounds the urethra, is very common in older men. (seniormag.com)
The prostate is a gland that surrounds the male urethra and helps produce semen, the fluid that carries sperm. (medlineplus.gov)
About the size of a walnut and located close to the rectum, just below the bladder at the base of the penis, the prostate gland is part of the male reproductive system. (thestar.com)
Treatment options include: Active surveillance (observation with delayed treatment), radial prostatectomy (surgical removal of the prostate gland), radiation therapy, brachytherapy (tiny radioactive gold seeds implanted) or high-intensity focused ultrasound. (thestar.com)
The prostate is a gland located just below the bladder. (cdc.gov)
Have you ever been told by a doctor or health professional that you had an enlarged prostate gland? (cdc.gov)
How old were you when you were first told that you had benign enlargement of the prostate gland? (cdc.gov)
A prostate biopsy is a procedure used to obtain tissue samples from the prostate gland in order to detect cancer . (medscape.com)
This topic addresses indications for, preparation for, and performance of prostate biopsy-in particular, transrectal ultrasonography (TRUS)-guided biopsy of the prostate gland . (medscape.com)
A normal prostate gland (see the image below) is approximately 20 g in volume, 3 cm in length, 4 cm wide, and 2 cm in depth. (medscape.com)
As men get older, the prostate gland is variable in size secondary to benign prostatic hyperplasia . (medscape.com)
Prostate gland. (medscape.com)
The treatment for an enlarged prostate gland will depend on how badly the symptoms are affecting your qualify of life. (www.nhs.uk)
Alpha blockers relax the muscle in your prostate gland and at the base of your bladder, making it easier to pee. (www.nhs.uk)
5-alpha reductase inhibitors shrink the prostate gland if it's enlarged. (www.nhs.uk)
TURP involves removing part of the prostate gland using a device called a resectoscope that's passed through the urethra (the tube through which urine passes out of the body). (www.nhs.uk)
The prostate gland or prostate is a part of the male reproductive system. (medicinenet.com)
Prostate cancer is an uncontrolled growth of cells in the prostate gland. (medicinenet.com)
The most definite way to diagnose prostate cancer is by taking a tissue sample from the gland and examining it under a microscope. (medicinenet.com)
The team theorise that inflammation around the prostate gland triggered by sexually transmitted infections promotes the development of cancer. (newscientist.com)
In 2003, it was found that frequent masturbation lowers the risk of prostate cancer , perhaps because it prevents the build-up of carcinogens in the gland. (newscientist.com)
Prostate cancer occurs when cells in the prostate gland grow out of control, becoming swollen. (yahoo.com)
Colin Powell had his prostate gland removed due to cancer in 2003. (yahoo.com)
A prostate ultrasound is used to check your prostate gland using ultrasound imagery. (healthline.com)
By Saeed Azhar SINGAPORE (Reuters) - Singapore Prime Minister Lee Hsien Loong has been diagnosed with prostate cancer and will undergo surgery to remove his prostate gland on Monday, his office said on Sunday. (yahoo.com)
Prostate cancer begins when cells in the prostate gland start to grow out of control. (abqjournal.com)
The prostate is a gland found only in males. (abqjournal.com)
For most men diagnosed with prostate cancer, the cancer is found while it is still at an early stage - it's small and has not spread beyond the prostate gland. (abqjournal.com)
Prostate gland enlargement is commonly found in men over 50 years old. (vejthani.com)
Dr. Santapon Chamnarnprai , a surgeon specialized in urology at Vejthani Hospital, explained that when a prostate gland is enlarged, it may compresses the urethra and causes it to be narrowed. (vejthani.com)
The disease can also be treated with medications that reduce contractions of muscle of the prostate gland. (vejthani.com)
The surgery is done by inserting a resectoscope through the urethra into the prostate gland. (vejthani.com)
The hot vapor will be dispersed to destroy cells of the prostate gland that block the urethra. (vejthani.com)
Prostate gland enlargement is commonly found in males over 50 years. (vejthani.com)
No association between irritative voiding symptoms, laser energy utilized and volume of treated prostate gland was observed. (canjurol.com)
The prostate is a gland found in men that is located at the base of the bladder. (focusonallergies.com)
The lumen of the prostate gland contains the highest concentration of PSA in the body. (prostateprohelp.com)
Anything that traumatically interferes with the architecture around the prostate gland can make PSA go up," says Dr. Milner. (prostateprohelp.com)

Focusing PSA Testing on Detection of High-Risk Prostate Cancers by Incorporating Patient Preferences Into Decision Making. (medscape.com)
A small percentage of prostate cancers are hereditary and occur in families. (medlineplus.gov)
Hereditary prostate cancers tend to develop earlier in life than non-inherited (sporadic) cases. (medlineplus.gov)
More than 60 percent of prostate cancers are diagnosed after age 65, and the disorder is rare before age 40. (medlineplus.gov)
Men with variants in these genes have a high risk of developing prostate cancer and, in some cases, other cancers during their lifetimes. (medlineplus.gov)
So while only a few prostate cancers are diagnosed originally as neuroendocrine prostate cancer, many cases that develop after adenocarcinoma has evolved into neuroendocrine prostate cancer go undetected. (lww.com)
Raman added there is a 30-40% chance of misdiagnosing the severity of prostate cancers. (dailybruin.com)
While some cases of prostate cancer are very slow-growing and can be managed with active surveillance, men with more aggressive cancers require treatment with radiotherapy, surgery, pharmacological therapy, or a combination of these options. (biomedcentral.com)
Scientists discovered the genetic roots of prostate cancers, which could bring the hope of new treatments. (cosmosmagazine.com)
After non-melanoma skin cancers, prostate cancer is the most common form of cancer found in men. (yahoo.com)
Others point to the fact that many men with prostate cancer, especially those with advanced or metastatic cancers, take hormone therapy that nearly stops the production of testosterone to tamp down the disease. (harvard.edu)
Data from the PLCO trial showed that six rounds of annual screening for prostate cancer compared with community-based screening practices led to finding more prostate cancers, but did not translate into fewer prostate cancer deaths up to 10 years after the start of screening. (cancer.gov)
Seven years after the start of screening, there were 22 percent more prostate cancers diagnosed in men in the intervention group (2,820 men in the intervention group vs. 2,322 men in the usual-care group). (cancer.gov)
Almost all prostate cancers are adenocarcinomas. (abqjournal.com)
Most prostate cancers are not associated with a hereditary predisposition, but prostate cancers that have spread or are more aggressive are more likely to be associated with a hereditary predisposition. (mskcc.org)
Published studies show that vitamin D deficiency is widespread and it has been suggested that it increases the risk of lung, breast, colorectal and prostate cancers. (who.int)
To investigate prospectively the effect of serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) level on lung, breast, colorectal and prostate cancers in people aged 30+ years. (who.int)
Serum 25(OH)D levels did not show a significant association with breast, colorectal and prostate cancers. (who.int)
no association was detected for breast, colorectal and prostate cancers. (who.int)
Prostate cancers in men with low PSA levels--must we find them? (nih.gov)
Unlike some other cancers, there is currently no national screening programme in place for prostate cancer. (biddulphvalleysurgery.nhs.uk)
Purpose: We compared the median ages at diagnosis for the four most common cancer types (lung, colon, female breast, and prostate cancers) across different countries worldwide after removing differences due to variation in population age distributions. (who.int)
Conclusion: For lung, colon, breast, and prostate cancers, differences across countries in the median age at diagnosis range from 10 to 12 years after adjusting for population age distribution. (who.int)

Should I Get Tested for Prostate Cancer? (cdc.gov)
The American Cancer Society recommends men thinking about getting tested for prostate cancer learn as much as they can so they can make informed decisions based on available information, discussions with their doctor, and their own views on the possible benefits, risks and limits of prostate cancer screening. (abqjournal.com)
This same study also determines that while elderly men are over-tested for prostate cancer, while a significant percent of men in the 50-60 age group are not being tested enough for prostate cancer. (peyronies-disease-help.com)

About 1 in 7 men will be diagnosed with prostate cancer at some time during their life. (medlineplus.gov)
While most men who are diagnosed with prostate cancer do not die from it, this common cancer is still the second leading cause of cancer death among men in the United States. (medlineplus.gov)
It still means about 70 men will be diagnosed with prostate cancer each day and 11 will die per day. (thestar.com)
You were diagnosed with prostate cancer when you were 55 years old or younger. (cdc.gov)
You were diagnosed with prostate cancer, and other members of your family have been diagnosed with breast, ovarian, or pancreatic cancer. (cdc.gov)
When my husband was diagnosed with prostate cancer in his mid 40s, we opted for a more aggressive treatment strategy, which led him being cancer-free and able to enjoy a healthy sex life. (curetoday.com)
They may also be asked whether they have a close family member (father, uncle, or brother) diagnosed with prostate cancer at an early age (younger than 65 years). (medicinenet.com)
Ben Stiller was diagnosed with prostate cancer in 2014. (yahoo.com)
Although he had no family history or symptoms, Ben Stiller was diagnosed with prostate cancer in 2014. (yahoo.com)
Sir Ian McKellen was diagnosed with prostate cancer in the mid 2000s. (yahoo.com)
Sidney Poitier was diagnosed with prostate cancer in 1993. (yahoo.com)
He was diagnosed with prostate cancer in 1993 and remained active after his recovery, writing books and serving as an ambassador of the Bahamas to UNESCO and Japan. (yahoo.com)
Warren Buffett was diagnosed with prostate cancer in 2012. (yahoo.com)
The oldest and most strongly held prohibition against testosterone therapy is its use in men previously diagnosed with prostate cancer. (harvard.edu)
LONDON - A spokeswoman for Andrew Lloyd Webber says the composer has been diagnosed with prostate cancer. (foxnews.com)
According to the National Cancer Institute, about 242,000 men in the U.S. will be diagnosed with prostate cancer in 2012. (prnewswire.com)
Episodic narrative interviews were conducted with 08 men, aged between 50 and 70 years, diagnosed with prostate cancer and who reported having completed treatment, analyzed through the Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis. (bvsalud.org)

Mayo Clinic Minute: Signs there is a problem with your prostate Nov. 07, 2022, 05:20 p.m. (mayoclinic.org)
Prostate cancer: screening and treatment Sept. 15, 2022, 03:00 p.m. (mayoclinic.org)
Mayo Clinic Minute: Importance of exercise for men with prostate cancer Sept. 13, 2022, 04:30 p.m. (mayoclinic.org)
Mayo Clinic Minute: Prostate biopsy technique reduces infection risk June 13, 2022, 04:20 p.m. (mayoclinic.org)

Early-stage prostate cancer can usually be treated successfully, and some older men have prostate tumors that grow so slowly that they may never cause health problems during their lifetime, even without treatment. (medlineplus.gov)
Tumors or cancer of the PROSTATE . (nih.gov)
Prostate tumors "grow in an environment of [the hormone] testosterone, so a common treatment is to block testosterone , either by interrupting its production or by making sure testosterone can't get into the prostate," she says. (webmd.com)
Many of these tumors are picked up by transperineal biopsy, and are situated in the anterior part of the prostate. (news-medical.net)
First, we implanted human prostate cancer cells in the mice and waited for tumors to grow. (eurekalert.org)
Excess tissue, prostate enlargement, or cancerous tumors will appear on the ultrasound images as bright white areas that represent the dense tissue. (healthline.com)
His current interests are head-and-neck and prostate cancer, CNS neoplasms and neuroendocrine tumors. (philips.com.ph)
PET/CT and Bone Scan in the Diagnosis of Prostate Lesions Is PET combined with CT and bone scan a more accurate means of detecting bone metastases of malignant prostate tumors? (medscape.com)
The 2016 World Health Organization classification provides a comprehensive listing of prostate tumors, including acinar adenocarcinoma subtypes. (medscape.com)

If it has advanced enough to cause symptoms, a tumor of the prostate may cause a man problems similar to those of benign prostatic hyperplasia. (seniormag.com)
Radiation therapy helps kill tumor cells in the prostate and surrounding tissues. (seniormag.com)
In this disorder, certain cells in the prostate become abnormal, multiply without control or order, and form a tumor. (medlineplus.gov)
While Dr. Epperson commented on our failure to discuss the "major advances in brachytherapy," we felt that more study was needed before we could recommend brachytherapy for the average patient who has a tumor confined to the prostate. (aafp.org)
Anna C. Ferrari, MD, Co-Director of the Genitourinary Cancer Program at NYU Langone Medical Center, who was co-moderator of the GU oncology session at the meeting, said that it is becoming apparent that as a prostate cancer tumor evolves to become castration resistant, it then evolves beyond the targeting of the androgen- receptor agents. (lww.com)
It especially adds to the accuracy of sampling of the anterior and transition zones, which often contain tumor foci that make up 25-55% of prostate cancer cases. (news-medical.net)
Researchers at the São Paulo State Cancer Institute (ICESP) in Brazil have succeeded in using a genetically manipulated virus to destroy tumor cells upon injection into mice with prostate cancer. (eurekalert.org)
The experiments used several groups of mice, all of which were inoculated with prostate tumor cells. (eurekalert.org)
The reasons for this are several, including the ongoing re-evaluation of the old belief that raising the concentration of testosterone is to prostate cancer like pouring gasoline on a fire or feeding a hungry tumor. (harvard.edu)
The risk of recurrence of your prostate cancer depends predominantly on the tumor volume (the amount of prostate cancer and the number of positive biopsy needle cores) as well as your tumor Gleason score and whether or not the margins of your prostate are clear of tumor. (urologyweb.com)
Apalutamide administration caused decreased tumor cell proliferation and increased apoptosis, leading to decreased tumor volume in mouse xenograft models of prostate cancer. (pharmacytimes.com)

Learn what prostate cancer is, who is at risk, and about symptoms, screening, diagnosis, and treatment for prostate cancer. (cdc.gov)
1 This article was obviously written with a strong urologist bias and does not accurately describe the diagnosis and treatment of prostate cancer from the aspects that should be delivered by a family physician practicing in the United States. (aafp.org)
It is an important marker for the diagnosis of prostate cancer. (nih.gov)
TRUS-guided systematic biopsy of the prostate is considered to be the gold standard for the diagnosis of prostate cancer. (news-medical.net)
While I am grateful that he took my advice and requested a PSA as part of his annual physical and preventive screening, I was not fully prepared for the news and shock when he came back with results suggesting a prostate cancer diagnosis. (curetoday.com)
In less than a year from diagnosis and without any medication, his PSA levels were going down, but his post-surgery biopsy showed that the cancer had been spreading and had almost broken out of his prostate. (curetoday.com)
It has been over three years since my husband's diagnosis and prostate removal. (curetoday.com)
Questions on prostate disease diagnosis and erectile dysfunction were asked to male participants 20 years and older. (cdc.gov)
See Prostate Cancer: Diagnosis and Staging , a Critical Images slideshow, to help determine the best diagnostic approach for this potentially deadly disease. (medscape.com)
As the reseachers explain, "We should draw great attention to and search for better approaches for the diagnosis and treatment of [prostate cancer]. (medicalnewstoday.com)
The center is involved in numerous clinical trials to evaluate the latest technology for the diagnosis of prostate cancer. (jefferson.edu)
Mayo Clinic Q&A podcast: What happens after a prostate cancer diagnosis? (mayoclinic.org)
Receiving a diagnosis of prostate cancer is not easy for anyone to manage. (newswire.ca)
Whether you think you're having symptoms of prostate cancer, have already received a diagnosis, or are just trying to figure out whether you should get screened and what type of screening to pursue, you can find the information you need right here. (sharecare.com)
You just received a prostate cancer diagnosis. (sharecare.com)
All prostate biopsy slides should have their reading validated by an outside reference laboratory for confirmation of the diagnosis. (urologyweb.com)
Instead, they recommend that more rigorous prostate and PSA screening tests should be done routinely for those men who are in the younger and healthier 40-50 age groups, since it is they who will more likely benefit from early prostate cancer diagnosis. (peyronies-disease-help.com)
Once a man gets a diagnosis of prostate cancer and has to have surgery to address it, his thoughts will turn to the obviouswhat can I expect for my sex life after prostate surgery? (healthyprostateclub.com)
Epigenetics in Prostate Cancer: Clinical Implications Could epigenetics have a potential role in the diagnosis and management of prostate cancer? (medscape.com)
After standardization, differences between the youngest and oldest median ages at diagnosis were: 12 years for lung (median age 61 in Bulgaria vs 73 in Bahrain), 12 years for colon (60 in Iran vs 72 in Peru), 10 years for breast (49 in Algeria,Iran and Korea vs 59 in USA and others), and 10 years for prostate cancer (65 in USA and Lithuania vs 75 in Philippines). (who.int)
This guideline covers the diagnosis and management of prostate cancer in secondary care, including information on the best way to diagnose and identify different stages of the disease, and how to manage adverse effects of treatment. (bvsalud.org)

Steven Raman, a radiologist and a senior author of the study , said prostate cancer diagnoses and assessments usually do not use imaging technology like MRI and instead use blood tests and biopsies. (dailybruin.com)
Prostate biopsies are carried out in several different ways. (news-medical.net)
Professor Steven Bova, based at the University of Tampere, Finland, and head of ICGC prostate cancer UK metastatic studies, said the diversity suggested multiple biopsies might be needed to identify the "trunk" of the cancer's tree of mutations. (cosmosmagazine.com)
Mayo Clinic Q and A: Prostate biopsies and elevated PSA March 24, 2021, 02:27 p.m. (mayoclinic.org)
concerning a health care-associated outbreak of Achromobacter xylosoxidans infections after prostate biopsies ( 1 ). (cdc.gov)
Outbreak of Achromobacter xylosoxidans and Ochrobactrum anthropi infections after prostate biopsies, France, 2014. (cdc.gov)
False-negative results often occur, so multiple biopsies may be needed before prostate cancer is detected. (medscape.com)
Prostate Biopsies a Laughing (Gas) Matter? (medscape.com)

The surgery, known as transurethral resection of the prostate , is considered lower risk because it doesn't involve an external incision. (cnn.com)
The most commonly employed techniques are transrectal ultrasound (TRUS) guided systematic biopsy of the prostate, transurethral biopsy and transperienal prostate biopsy. (news-medical.net)
Relative contraindications to cryotherapy include previous transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) with a large tissue defect, as well as significant symptoms of urinary tract obstruction. (medscape.com)
However, for those with severe symptoms, such as inability to urinate and have bloody urine, doctor may consider transurethral resection of the prostate using a resectoscope, which is a surgical procedure. (vejthani.com)
There are minimally invasive, non-surgical options available, as well as surgeries such as transurethral resection of the prostate. (northaustinurology.com)

In fact, though, it probably occurs far more often because the disease is not recognized as different from metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer. (lww.com)
Beltran and colleagues have written that treatment-related neuroendocrine prostate cancer should be suspected in patients with castration-resistant prostate cancer who experience rapid progression with a low serum PSA, especially in the setting of potent androgen deprivation therapies ( JCO 2012;36:e386-e389 ). (lww.com)
On February 14, 2018, the FDA approved apalutamide (Erleada) by Janssen Biotech Inc for the treatment of nonmetastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (NM-CRPC). (pharmacytimes.com)
Through whole-genome bisulfite sequencing paired with deep whole-genome and transcriptome sequencing of 100 castration-resistant prostate metastases, we discovered alterations affecting driver genes that were detectable only with integrated whole-genome approaches. (duke.edu)
This study is a large integrated study of whole-genome, whole-methylome and whole-transcriptome sequencing in metastatic cancer that provides a comprehensive overview of the important regulatory role of methylation in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer. (duke.edu)

These alternative definitive treatment options for localized recurrent prostate cancer are definitively preferable over the long term ADT ("hormone shots") that are being offered by most urologists or radiation oncologists for a prostatic cancer recurrence after radiation as these physicians lack the expertise in HIFU or cryo. (urologyweb.com)
Salvage Ablation for Locally Recurrent Prostate Cancer Could salvage ablation have a role in the management of patients with localized prostate cancer recurrences? (medscape.com)
This disease state is now subdivided into castrate-sensitive or castrate-resistant locally recurrent prostate cancer and castrate-sensitive or castrate-resistant metastatic prostate cancer. (medscape.com)

Mayo Clinic Q&A podcast: Living as a prostate cancer survivor Nov. 15, 2021, 12:57 p.m. (mayoclinic.org)
Mayo Clinic Minute: Cancer isn't the only prostate problem for men June 14, 2021, 04:05 p.m. (mayoclinic.org)

The 2016 WHO Classification of Tumours of the Urinary System and Male Genital Organs-Part B: Prostate and Bladder Tumours. (medscape.com)
The base of the prostate is in continuity with the bladder and the prostate ends at the apex before becoming the striated external urethral sphincter. (medscape.com)
Eating more fibre (which is found in fruit, vegetables and wholegrain cereals) can help you avoid constipation, which can put pressure on your bladder and make the symptoms of an enlarged prostate worse. (www.nhs.uk)
The prostate has two main functions: producing and storing fluid that helps make semen and regulating bladder control. (medicinenet.com)
The prostate, located just below the bladder, exists only in men. (yahoo.com)
The prostate wraps around the urethra, which is the canal in the penis that drains urine from the bladder. (focusonallergies.com)
As such, the prostate can cause compression of the urethra at that level, resulting in bladder symptoms. (focusonallergies.com)
The International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS) is a validated short questionnaire that is very useful in determining how severe a patient's bladder symptoms are. (focusonallergies.com)
An enlarged prostate often has engorged vessels that can bleed into the bladder and gets mixed in with the urine. (focusonallergies.com)
We see that our clinical target volume (CTV) for prostate is typically smaller for MRI-based planning, which can help decrease toxicity to the rectum and bladder. (philips.com.ph)
The prostate lies between the bladder and the urogenital diaphragm. (medscape.com)

Treatments for Newly Diagnosed Metastatic Prostate Cancer This article provides an overview of new treatment approaches for metastatic hormone-sensitive prostate cancer. (medscape.com)

Sánchez-Chapado M, Olmedilla G, Cabeza M, Donat E, Ruiz A. Prevalence of prostate cancer and prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia in Caucasian Mediterranean males: an autopsy study. (medscape.com)
This Collection highlights the newest top-viewed content from Prostate Cancer and Prostatic Diseases. (nature.com)
Prostate Cancer Prostatic Dis. (medscape.com)
However, patients with focal high-grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (HGPIN) do not need to undergo automatic biopsy, because they are not at significantly higher risk for prostate cancer. (medscape.com)
It also includes the lesser studied population of bacteria that live in prostate, or prostatic, fluid. (medicalnewstoday.com)
Recently, researchers investigated whether there might be differences between bacterial populations in the prostatic fluid of people with prostate cancer and of those without. (medicalnewstoday.com)
To investigate, they carried out the first "comprehensive and detailed comparison of the microbial ecosystems of the prostatic fluid" of people with and without prostate cancer. (medicalnewstoday.com)
The researchers explored the possibility of analyzing the microbial population of prostatic fluid as a noninvasive marker for prostate cancer. (medicalnewstoday.com)
In many men,these prostate cancer recurrences are still localized to the prostate or prostatic bed and cure is still possible with an alternative definitive treatment option. (urologyweb.com)
This process is called benign (non-cancerous) enlargement of the prostate or benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). (focusonallergies.com)
[ 4 ] In this article, the term prostate cancer refers to prostatic acinar adenocarcinoma. (medscape.com)

Removal of all or part of the PROSTATE , often using a cystoscope and/or resectoscope passed through the URETHRA. (nih.gov)
Instead, doctors insert a surgical tool through the tip of the penis and into the urethra, and then cut away prostate tissue to unblock the flow of urine. (cnn.com)
This is passed through the urethra and tissue samples are recovered from the prostate through the urethral wall. (news-medical.net)
The sphincter is a vertically oriented tubular sheath that surrounds the membranous urethra and prostate. (medscape.com)
With the current advancement of medical technologies, Rezum water vapor therapy, which is a non-surgical treatment is used to reduce the size of an enlarged prostate and widen the urethra. (vejthani.com)

Prostate Cancer Early Detection. (medscape.com)
Available at https://www.nccn.org/professionals/physician_gls/pdf/prostate_detection.pdf . (medscape.com)
Prostate cancer facts and risk factors, plus early detection guidelines and tips for taking charge of your health. (thestar.com)
While some symptoms of prostate cancer can be hard to recognize, early detection saved Robert De Niro from a much more difficult struggle. (yahoo.com)
It was the spread of the cancer from detection to prostate removal. (medhelp.org)
Prostate Cancer Canada raises funds for the development of programs related to awareness and public education, advocacy, support of those affected, and research into the prevention, detection, treatment and cure of prostate cancer. (newswire.ca)
This program, presented in Spanish, will focus on the latest advances in prostate cancer early detection and treatment. (prnewswire.com)
However, if BPH detection is delayed, symptoms are severe enough, or the prostate is enlarged within a certain range, additional procedures may be necessary. (northaustinurology.com)
Intensifying Prostate Cancer Screening in Black Men Could intensified PSA screening lead to earlier cancer detection and better outcomes among this high-risk population? (medscape.com)
Biomarkers for Detection of Prostate Cancer A new study explores the validity of five biomarkers for the detection of prostate cancer. (medscape.com)

Erectile dysfunction following radical prostatectomy for clinically localized prostate cancer is a known potential complication of the surgery. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
Comparison of Robotic and Open Radical Prostatectomy Are these radical prostatectomy techniques equally effective in treating prostate cancer? (medscape.com)

In most cases of prostate cancer, these genetic changes are acquired during a man's lifetime and are present only in certain cells in the prostate. (medlineplus.gov)
Nine patients treated with primary signet ring cell carcinoma of the prostate were identified among 29,783 cases of prostate cancer evaluated at Mayo Clinic from January 15, 1970, until January 2, 2009. (elsevier.com)

Enzalutamide Improves Survival in Metastatic Prostate Cancer A primary analysis of the ARCHES trial finds that the addition of enzalutamide to androgen deprivation therapy may help prolong the survival of metastatic hormone-sensitive prostate cancer patients. (medscape.com)

We welcome submissions of research articles covering prostate cancer epidemiology and prevention, screening and risk stratification, disease management and new therapies, biomarkers, molecular genomics and translational studies. (biomedcentral.com)
Urinary biomarkers have been shown to be useful in identifying patients at risk for prostate cancer prior to the initial biopsy. (medscape.com)

Testosterone Therapy in Prostate Cancer The use of testosterone therapy in hypogonadal men with coexisting prostate cancer has been controversial. (medscape.com)

A PubMed search of the English-language literature published from January 1, 1980, to January 1, 2010, was then performed using the key words signet ring cell and prostate, identifying 42 cases. (elsevier.com)

This protein is made by both normal and cancerous cells in the prostate. (medicinenet.com)

Mayo Clinic Q and A: Advances in ablation for prostate cancer Oct. 01, 2020, 02:30 p.m. (mayoclinic.org)

African-American men and those with a family history of the disease are at higher than average risk of prostate cancer. (seniormag.com)
In the United States, African Americans have a higher risk of developing prostate cancer than do men of other ethnic backgrounds, and they also have a higher risk of dying from the disease. (medlineplus.gov)
Less commonly, genetic changes present in essentially all of the body's cells increase the risk of developing prostate cancer. (medlineplus.gov)
In addition, men with BRCA2 or HOXB13 gene variants may have a higher risk of developing life-threatening forms of prostate cancer. (medlineplus.gov)
NEW YORK-Neuroendocrine prostate cancer is a high-risk, lethal subset of disease, often referred to as representing only two percent of all diagnosed prostate cancer. (lww.com)
Over the years, meat and dairy consumption have been linked to an increase risk of prostate cancer risk. (ironmanmagazine.com)
Chinese scientists at the University of Zhejiang performed a meta-study (collating the result of several other reputable studies) and determined that eating just 10 grams of carrots a day (the equivalent of a few baby carrots) can reduce the risk of prostate cancer by five percent. (ironmanmagazine.com)
Lifestyle decisions of maintaining a healthy diet and regular exercise, is a way of reducing the risk of getting prostate cancer and also surviving it. (thestar.com)
A high intake of animal or saturated fat is associated with an increased risk of developing prostate cancer. (thestar.com)
Sept. 23, 2009 (Berlin) -- The anti-hormone therapies used to treat prostate cancer can raise the risk of heart disease, but some drugs appear to be safer for the heart than others, researchers report. (webmd.com)
The causes of prostate cancer are not fully understood, but older age, family history of the disease and African-Caribbean race are known risk factors. (biomedcentral.com)
Diet is also thought to play a role, with research suggesting that high consumption of red and processed meat and low consumption of vegetables could increase the risk of developing prostate cancer. (biomedcentral.com)
Localized prostate cancer (PCa) is a clinically heterogeneous disease, which presents with variability in patient outcomes within the same risk stratification (low, intermediate or high) and even within the sa. (biomedcentral.com)
Who Is at Risk for Prostate Cancer? (cdc.gov)
All men are at risk for prostate cancer, but African-American men are more likely to get prostate cancer than other men. (cdc.gov)
All men are at risk for prostate cancer. (cdc.gov)
You are at increased risk for getting or dying from prostate cancer if you are African-American or have a family history of prostate cancer. (cdc.gov)
For some men, genetic factors may put them at higher risk of prostate cancer. (cdc.gov)
By contrast, patients with multifocal HGPIN are at significant risk for prostate cancer and should undergo delayed interval biopsy every 3 years as long as they remain healthy. (medscape.com)
13%) are at some risk for harboring unrecognized prostate cancer and thus should be considered for repeat biopsy. (medscape.com)
Some of the main risk factors for prostate cancer include being older and having a family history of the condition. (medicalnewstoday.com)
Circumcision appeared to reduce the risk of prostate cancer by 15 per cent overall, and 18 per cent for the most aggressive form. (newscientist.com)
They point towards previous research showing that having many sexual partners, or a high frequency of sexual activity, increases the risk of prostate cancer by up to 40 per cent. (newscientist.com)
Although it may be unusual for clinicians to encounter newly diagnosed patients with high-grade prostate cancer metastatic to the bone, researchers have noted an increase in patients presenting with high-risk disease since the US Preventive Services Task Force changed its recommendations on prostate cancer screenings, 1 noted Joseph F. Renzulli, II, MD, FACS . (onclive.com)
Thus, we examined the association between cruciferous vegetable intake and risk of prostate cancer in the Health Professionals Follow-Up Study. (nih.gov)
This study does not provide compelling evidence of a protective influence of cruciferous vegetables on prostate cancer risk. (nih.gov)
He also argues in the book, an excerpt of which follows, that some men who have had prostate cancer can take testosterone without upping their risk of cancer recurrence. (harvard.edu)
Japanese men living in Japan have an extremely low incidence of prostate cancer, but are at normal risk if they live in the USA (National Cancer Institute Statement, August 2001). (healthy.net)
Know the symptoms, risk factors, and treatments for prostate cancer. (sharecare.com)
Does age put you at higher risk for prostate cancer? (sharecare.com)
Learn what's behind prostate cancer, as well as lifestyle changes that experts say may lower your risk of developing the disease. (sharecare.com)
Other genes that may be associated with an increased risk for prostate cancer are currently under investigation. (mskcc.org)
We've already known its benefits in lowering the risk of prostate c. (articlealley.com)
Your risk for progression of prostate cancer can be categorized into low,intermediate or high (D'Amico) based on the amount of cancer,the number of positive cores,the Gleason score,the PSA as well as your stage of disease based on imaging studies such as CT scans and bone scans. (urologyweb.com)
For example,men with a PSADT of 3 months or less are at extremely high risk for adverse outcomes while those with a PSADT of greater than 15 months are at low risk of death from prostate cancer. (urologyweb.com)
Research indicates that coffee consumption has been associated with a reduced risk of developing prostate cancer. (medscape.com)
Vitamin E supplements may increase prostate cancer risk. (medscape.com)
Although early research indicated that vitamin E or selenium might reduce the risk of developing prostate cancer, the Selenium and Vitamin E Cancer Prevention Trial , which was conducted by the National Institutes of Health and included more than 35,000 men, found that men who consumed 400 IU of vitamin E daily experienced a 17% increase in prostate cancer compared with men who received placebo. (medscape.com)
Research has also shown that folic acid supplements do not significantly affect the risk of developing prostate cancer. (medscape.com)
Learn more about prostate cancer risk factors. (medscape.com)
Results suggesting that high vitamin D level increases prostate cancer risk were found in studies investigating the relationship between vitamin D and prostate cancer risk (21-24). (who.int)
In other studies, low vitamin D level was found to increase prostate cancer risk (7,25), although no significant association has also been reported (26-28). (who.int)
We would want to know about risk factors, such as family history of prostate cancer but most importantly if you have any symptoms or not. (biddulphvalleysurgery.nhs.uk)
Men under 50 or over 75 rarely need a PSA test, unless they have a high risk for prostate cancer. (prostateprohelp.com)
Moreover, because co-registration of MRI and CT images is not performed in the MR-only workflow, clinicians can avoid registration errors that force margin increases, while exploiting MRI's exceptional soft tissue visualization to delineate the prostate and organs-at-risk. (philips.com.ph)
Of note, long-term androgen blockade for prostate cancer may also increase a patient's risk for colorectal cancer . (medscape.com)

The Jefferson Diagnostic Prostate Center is a collaborative effort among the departments of urology, radiology and pathology to provide state-of-the-art prostate imaging and biopsy services. (jefferson.edu)
One is Ian Thompson, M.D., chairman of the Department of Urology at the University of Texas Health Sciences Center at San Antonio and a principal investigator for the Prostate Cancer Prevention Trial (PCPT). (harvard.edu)
With recent improvements in prostate cancer diagnostics, f ocal therapy ha s assumed increasing accept ance as a treatment option in many urology departments. (rsm.ac.uk)
Prostate International is a research journal that publishes research related to Urology . (journalsearches.com)
If your research field is related to Urology, then visit the official website of Prostate International and send your manuscript. (journalsearches.com)
Raman, JD 2013, ' Best of AUA 2013: Prostate cancer ', Urology Times , vol. 41, no. 8. (elsevier.com)
Prostate cancer, especially if its caught early, is a highly treatable disease , says Daniela Wittmann,;an associate professor of urology and social work at U-M, and a certified sex therapist with more than 30 years of experience. (healthyprostateclub.com)

In people with germline variants, changes in other genes, together with environmental and lifestyle factors, also influence whether a person will develop prostate cancer. (medlineplus.gov)
Raman said most men develop prostate cancer at some point in their lives, but most do not require intervention. (dailybruin.com)
If that's true, say some experts, then why do men develop prostate cancer when they are older, at the same time their testosterone levels are dropping? (harvard.edu)
Fifteen percent of African-American men will develop prostate cancer in their lifetime. (medlineplus.gov)

The last few years have seen considerable evolution in treatment options and therapeutic strategies for patients with castrate-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). (medscape.com)
Castrate-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC), the most life-threatening form of prostate cancer, has recently been the focus of many successful new treatments. (biomedcentral.com)

She estimated that as many as one quarter of patients who are dying of prostate cancer are dying from treatment-related neuroendocrine prostate cancer. (lww.com)
Neuroendocrine prostate cancer does not express the androgen receptor and it's considered clinically hormone refractory. (lww.com)
With the introduction of new highly potent androgen receptor-targeted agents into the clinic, such as abiraterone acetate, treatment-related neuroendocrine prostate cancer is becoming an even more important disease to recognize. (lww.com)
Patients with treatment-related neuroendocrine prostate cancer will likely not respond well to hormonal agents and may respond to platinum-based chemotherapy," they wrote. (lww.com)
Beltran is principal investigator in an ongoing multi-institutional single-arm, open-label Phase II trial evaluating MLN8237 (alisertib) in patients with histologically confirmed or clinically suspected metastatic neuroendocrine prostate cancer ( http://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01799278 ), which is sponsored by Weill Cornell in collaboration with Millennium Pharmaceuticals, Inc. (lww.com)

Surveys show that, for the average 50-year-old with a reasonable life expectancy of another 25 years, there's a 10 per cent chance that he will develop clinically significant prostate cancer, but only a 3 per cent chance that he will die of it (National Cancer Institute Statement, August 2001). (healthy.net)
Patients whose MRI results are highly suspicious for clinically significant prostate cancer should undergo prostate biopsy. (medscape.com)

It was both concerning and shocking when he was diagnosed in his mid 40s.Fortunately, he was being screened at my request as I was aware of his family history of prostate cancer. (curetoday.com)
You are more likely to get prostate cancer if you have a family history of prostate cancer, especially in a close relative such as a parent or sibling. (prostateprohelp.com)

[ 57 ] ) Likewise, squamous cell carcinoma of the prostate may be observed in men treated with hormone therapy. (medscape.com)
Sr-89 therapy: strontium kinetics in disseminated carcinoma of the prostate. (bvsalud.org)

Other types of treatment now being tested include cryotherapy, in which the prostate tissues are chemically frozen. (seniormag.com)
Sudden onset of weakness of the legs in an elderly man with a history of prostate cancer should raise the suspicion of spinal cord compression, necessitating emergency treatment (spinal cord decompression). (medscape.com)
While we agree that brachytherapy represents a potential advancement in the treatment of localized prostate cancer, we deliberately avoided discussion of this modality even though we perform this technique in our own practice. (aafp.org)
We do, however, feel that brachytherapy should be explored as a treatment for low-stage, low-volume, low-grade prostate cancer. (aafp.org)
Racial disparities in treatment patterns for localized prostate cancer in an equal access system: What are we missing? (nature.com)
BMC Medicine 's Spotlight on prostate cancer article collection aims to highlight recent progress in all areas of prostate cancer research and treatment. (biomedcentral.com)
Androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) has been used in the treatment of metastatic prostate cancer since the first description of its hormonal dependence in 1941. (biomedcentral.com)
Consider treatment options, regular screening for prostate cancer if it runs in your family and possibly be more aggressive with your treatment options if diagnosed at a younger age. (curetoday.com)
The NHANES 2001-2002 Prostate Conditions File provides personal interview data on prostate conditions, prostate cancer treatment, and erectile dysfunction (ED). (cdc.gov)
Questions incontinence, prostate conditions, and prostate cancer treatment were asked to male participants 40 years and older. (cdc.gov)
Genetic roots of prostate cancer brings hope for treatment. (cosmosmagazine.com)
Although guideline organizations have now incorporated the results of major clinical trials into treatment paradigms, much controversy remains over how best to sequence therapies in prostate cancer. (onclive.com)
In the ever-evolving treatment landscape in metastatic prostate cancer, healthcare providers have more options that ever before. (onclive.com)
Both groups had few deaths from prostate cancer, which is a reflection of good treatment practices in the United States and a healthy volunteer effect. (cancer.gov)
We'll also help you recognize the symptoms of prostate cancer and understand the different types of treatment options, depending on your age and the stage of your disease. (sharecare.com)
PURPOSE: Decisions regarding treatment for early-stage prostate cancer are frustrated not only by inadequate evidence favoring one treatment modality but also by the absence of data comparing quality among providers. (rand.org)
After an extensive structured literature review and a series of focus groups with patients and their spouses, they conducted structured interviews with national academic leaders in prostate cancer treatment. (rand.org)
CONCLUSION: This study establishes a foundation on which to build quality-of-care assessment tools to evaluate the treatment of early-stage prostate cancer. (rand.org)
Nearly all men will experience some erectile dysfunction for the first few months after prostate cancer treatment. (hopkinsmedicine.org)
Cryotherapy can be used both for primary treatment of prostate cancer and for salvage treatment of disease refractory to radiation therapy. (medscape.com)
[ 4 ] followed shortly thereafter by the treatment of prostate cancer via an open perineal approach. (medscape.com)
At this free event, guests will have the opportunity to ask questions and talk one-on-one with a top expert in the field of prostate cancer research and treatment from Moffitt Cancer Center - the only Florida -based comprehensive cancer center designated by the National Cancer Institute (NCI). (prnewswire.com)
Moffitt expert Julio Pow-Sang , M.D., chair of the Cancer Center's Department of Genitourinary Oncology, will share prostate cancer screening and treatment information, information on new advances in research, and answer questions. (prnewswire.com)
He also leads a real world data programme in prostate cancer evaluating the effectiveness of different treatment approaches. (rsm.ac.uk)
There are six treatment options for prostate cancer,HIFU (high intensity focused ultrasound), Cryoablation(freezing),Radiation,Surgery,Active Surveillance (AS) and androgen deprivation therapy (ADT). (urologyweb.com)
The last two,AS and ADT ("hormone shots") are NOT definitive treatment options while HIFU,cryo,radiation and surgery are DEFINITIVE TREATMENT OPTIONS for localized prostate cancer. (urologyweb.com)
These are the same four definitive treatment options available to men when first diagnosed with localized prostate cancer and these options are also available to treat a localized RECURRENCE of prostate cancer. (urologyweb.com)
After total treatment of the prostate for cancer with HIFU , cryo, radiation or surgical removal,your PSA should nadir at about 0.1 to 0.2. (urologyweb.com)
A progressive rise in your PSA after a definitive treatment should be evaluated with a prostate biopsy especially if the PSA should rise to 1.0ng/ml. (urologyweb.com)
A rising PSA may not always mean a prostate cancer recurrence or an incomplete treatment of your prostate cancer. (urologyweb.com)
Also,a PSA rise can be seen in those men who have undergone focal or sub total (by design) treatment of their prostate cancer with HIFU or cryo. (urologyweb.com)
Should your PSA rise within 3 months or so of total definitive treatment of your prostate cancer then this likely represents an incomplete treatment and progression of the cancer. (urologyweb.com)
Again,all persistent and sustained rises in PSA after treatment demand early evaluation with a prostate biopsy. (urologyweb.com)
General treatment for prostate enlargement includes changing of habits, such as reducing water intake at night, and lowering consumption of caffeinated drinks including tea and coffee. (vejthani.com)
The purpose of this study is to test if treatment with medications that reduce the male hormone level in the participant's body for a few months before surgery can shrink prostate cancer as much as possible, which might reduce the chances of the cancer coming back in the future. (dana-farber.org)
When the results came in, I was told it was prostate cancer that had progressed and that he needed immediate treatment. (prostatecancer.net)
It can also help a man to approach sex after prostate cancer treatment by going into it without any expectations, being open to experimenting, and discussing with his physician what works and what doesnt. (healthyprostateclub.com)
Radiological Case: Localized Prostate Cancer Recurrence This case demonstrates the high sensitivity of Ga-68 PSMA PET/CT in determining prostate cancer recurrence after initial treatment failure. (medscape.com)
Fast Five Quiz: How Much Do You Know About Prostate Cancer Treatment? (medscape.com)
This study aimed to understand the way men experience the illness process of prostate cancer and to analyze their experiences related to cancer treatment. (bvsalud.org)
Clinical knowledge -based planning (KBP) models dedicated to prostate radiotherapy treatment may require periodical updates to remain relevant and to adapt to possible changes in the clinic. (bvsalud.org)

Men in both groups who were diagnosed with similar stages of prostate cancer generally received similar treatments for their disease even though the PLCO trial study design did not mandate specific therapies. (cancer.gov)
Learn the facts about the different prostate cancer treatments, medications, and therapy options, depending on factors like your age, the cancer's stage, and more. (sharecare.com)
Hormonal treatments for prostate cancer can lower the levels of sex hormones in the body. (cancerresearchuk.org)

Inherited variants in particular genes, such as BRCA1 , BRCA2 , and HOXB13 , account for some cases of hereditary prostate cancer. (medlineplus.gov)
Germline mutations in the RNASEL gene have been identified for an autosomal dominant form of hereditary prostate cancer (OMIM: 601518). (nih.gov)

After radiation to the prostate, some men ejaculate less semen. (healthyprostateclub.com)
In most cases, men who have hormone therapy for prostate cancer also make less semen than before. (healthyprostateclub.com)
Our circumstantial evidence of sexual transmission is based on the fact that the scientist reported a swollen prostate and blood in his semen as symptoms of his illness, and that he and his wife had intercourse soon after he returned home but before he got sick. (cdc.gov)

A prostate biopsy will confirm that this rise was a benign event. (urologyweb.com)
The rise in PSA may simply reflect PSA production from the residual untreated benign portion of the prostate. (urologyweb.com)

Quality checkpoints in the MRI-directed prostate cancer diagnostic pathway. (medscape.com)
Dr. Thompson has received support from a company that makes drugs that affect testosterone levels in the prostate and a company that makes diagnostic tests for prostate cancer. (harvard.edu)
In other words, it is not a diagnostic test for prostate cancer but is useful in detecting it. (focusonallergies.com)

Transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) and sarcoma of the prostate are more common in men who have undergone prior pelvic radiation therapy for prostate cancer than in men who have not. (medscape.com)
Since March 2017, clinicians in the Department of Oncology and Radiation Therapy at Turku University Hospital (Turku, Finland) have been using Philips MR-only simulation for simulating and planning radiation therapy for their patients with prostate cancer. (philips.com.ph)
In its traditional CT-MRI simulation and planning workflow, Ingenia has been invaluable for its superb, tunable soft-tissue contrast, particularly for planning prostate cancer cases, according to Prof. Heikki Minn, MD, Radiation Oncologist at TYKS. (philips.com.ph)

Prostate cancer patients treated with anti-hormone therapies also had a 22% to 41% higher chance of dying of a heart attack or other type of heart disease , compared with the general population. (webmd.com)
In the case of a newly diagnosed patient with hormone-naïve high-grade metastatic prostate cancer, initiating therapy with a luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone antagonist (LHRH) would be appropriate, said Renzulli. (onclive.com)
CHAARTED demonstrated that upfront chemo-therapy with docetaxel added to ADT improved survival over ADT alone in men with hormone- sensitive metastatic prostate cancer. (onclive.com)
He caught his prostate cancer in time that chemical castration and hormone therapy is keeping him around for a while. (medhelp.org)
Hormone therapy for prostate cancer can change the levels of sex hormones in your body. (cancerresearchuk.org)
Does hormone therapy for prostate cancer cause insomnia? (cancerresearchuk.org)
PSMA Targeted and Hormone Therapy in Renally Impaired Patient This case demonstrates that PSMA-PET therapy can be used safely in elderly patients with metastatic prostate cancer and in patients with renal impairment. (medscape.com)

AP) - Democratic Sen. Bob Casey of Pennsylvania said Thursday that he will undergo surgery for prostate cancer but is expected to make a full recovery. (whnt.com)
Men with high PSA levels need to undergo an invasive biopsy to check for prostate cancer. (medicalnewstoday.com)

Needle biopsy of the prostate raises the PSA level by a median of 7.9 ng/mL within 5 minutes after the biopsy, and this level persists for 24 hours. (prostateprohelp.com)

And while it rarely arises de novo, the amount of neuroendocrine differentiation of prostate adenocarcinoma increases with disease progression and in response to androgen-deprivation therapy. (lww.com)

In 2017, the age-adjusted prostate cancer death rate among all males was 18.7 per 100,000, down from 31.3 in 1999. (cdc.gov)
During 1999-2017, non-Hispanic black males had the highest prostate cancer death rate. (cdc.gov)

If you want to massage your prostate first, you must be aware of how to use a prostate massager inside the bedroom. (wheremonicagoes.com)
Most often the prostate massager will come in the form of an anal-plug or prostate massager strap. (wheremonicagoes.com)
Start by inserting the head of the prostate massager into your rectum. (wheremonicagoes.com)
How to Use a Prostate Massager Give a Great Massage You've probably heard about how great this type of massage is and how good your partner feels once they have received one. (wheremonicagoes.com)
How to Utilize a Prostate Massager Although prostate massage is beneficial in alleviating prostate dysfunction and curing prostate infections but this does not mean that you do not still have to contend with the symptoms of prostatitis. (wheremonicagoes.com)
How to utilize a Prostate Massager for great anal play. (wheremonicagoes.com)
A prostate massager makes it easier to perform your best sexual actions. (wheremonicagoes.com)
A good prostate massager can make the difference between a fantastic night out with sex or an unsatisfactory night of self-pity. (wheremonicagoes.com)
If you utilize a prostate massager for pleasure yourself, you will be able to control your orgasms, and experience massive, powerful prostate orgasms. (wheremonicagoes.com)
It is important to ensure you have the best prostate massager you can afford. (wheremonicagoes.com)
If you shop around, you will be able to choose the best prostate massager for you and your partner. (wheremonicagoes.com)
To respect personal privacy, the prostate massager is designed to work quietly. (smtaste.com)

You may want to consider a more aggressive approach to make what might be a more aggressive form of prostate cancer and which can be deceiving if just monitoring the PSA count. (curetoday.com)

Learn about the signs and symptoms of prostate cancer. (cancer.org)

Although clinical guidelines regard chemotherapy as only appropriate for prostate cancer patients with symptomatic metastatic disease, increasing evidence points to the possibility that a subgroup of patients may benefit from an earlier introduction of chemotherapy. (medscape.com)
Although more than 4,000 patients were expected to die from prostate cancer last year, the chances of survival are improving as more men get tested - and tested earlier. (thestar.com)
These are the TRUE stories of love, honor, and support for prostate cancer patients everywhere. (pcf.org)
Approximately one in five of the radiotherapy cases are prostate cancer patients and for those, MRI simulation is part of the standard clinical care. (philips.com.ph)
Using MR-only simulation and planning would give us a 'onestop- shop' workflow for imaging, contouring and planning of radical radiotherapy for patients with prostate cancer," he says. (philips.com.ph)
Nomogram for Predicting Overall Survival in Prostate Cancer Could this newly developed nomogram accurately predict the long-term survival of prostate cancer patients? (medscape.com)
Most patients presenting with prostate cancer do so with screen-detected cancer and are asymptomatic. (medscape.com)
Patients et méthodes Il s'agissait d'une étude rétrospective à visée descriptive sur une durée de huit ans , colligeant tous les cas de cancer de la prostate diagnostiqués au service d'UrologieAndrologie du CNHU HKM de Cotonou. (bvsalud.org)

We used a combination of gene therapy and chemotherapy to combat prostate cancer in mice," said Strauss. (eurekalert.org)
Thus, the FDA requires all testosterone products to include the warning that T [testosterone] therapy is contraindicated in men with a prior history of prostate cancer. (harvard.edu)
After definitive therapy for presumed localized prostate cancer,about 1/3 will develop a rise in their PSA or a biochemical rise which means a return of the prostate cancer although in many men it will be a very slow return without significant impact. (urologyweb.com)
In present days, a water vapor-based technology, called Rezum water vapor therapy, is used to treat prostate enlargement without requiring a surgery. (vejthani.com)
Prostate cancer may recur in up to a third of men after definitive local therapy. (medscape.com)
A clinically validated KBP model for moderately hypofractionated prostate therapy was periodically updated using two approaches one was targeted at achieving the biggest library size (Mt), while the other one at achieving the highest mean sample quality (Rt). (bvsalud.org)

Get an overview of prostate cancer screening and questions to ask your doctor before you decide to get tested or treated for prostate cancer. (cdc.gov)
This video helps men understand their prostate cancer screening options. (cdc.gov)
Screening for prostate cancer should begin at the age of 40 and, as it is a slow growing disease, it can often be cured or successfully managed when detected early. (thestar.com)
Prostate Cancer Canada has been campaigning to make younger men aware that earlier examination and screening is crucial in surviving the disease. (thestar.com)
Incidence rates for prostate cancer have increased dramatically in the last two decades, which is largely attributed to increased availability of screening. (biomedcentral.com)
Should I be Concerned about Prostate Screening Results? (medhelp.org)
The Prostate, Lung, Colorectal, and Ovarian (PLCO) Cancer Screening Trial is a large-scale clinical trial to determine whether certain cancer screening tests can help reduce deaths from prostate, lung, colorectal, and ovarian cancer. (cancer.gov)
What are the results of the prostate cancer screening portion of PLCO? (cancer.gov)
Annual random surveys of men in the usual-care group showed more men getting prostate cancer screening tests each year, up to 52 percent by the last year of trial screening. (cancer.gov)
Seven years after the start of screening, there were 50 deaths from prostate cancer in the screening group and 44 deaths in the usual-care group. (cancer.gov)
If you think you're having symptoms, talk with your healthcare provider (HCP) about next steps, including what to expect during a prostate cancer screening. (sharecare.com)
You're not exactly sure what to expect during a prostate cancer screening test. (sharecare.com)
If prostate cancer is found at screening, it will probably be at an earlier, more treatable stage than if no screening were done. (abqjournal.com)
Learn more about Memorial Sloan Kettering's guidelines for prostate cancer screening . (mskcc.org)
We are aware there is currently lots of media attention about prostate cancer screening. (biddulphvalleysurgery.nhs.uk)
The main reason for this is the lack of a good screening test for prostate cancer. (biddulphvalleysurgery.nhs.uk)
The PSA test is a good screening tool for prostate cancer , but it is not very specific," says Erik P. Castle, MD , a urologist and researcher at the Mayo Clinic in Phoenix, Arizona. (prostateprohelp.com)
A new study from the University of Chicago reports on the use of PSA-based prostate cancer screening in the United States, concluding that many elderly men could be receiving excessive and unnecessary prostate cancer screening tests. (peyronies-disease-help.com)
Multiple institutions and collaborative groups have addressed prostate cancer screening. (medscape.com)
The United States Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) recomended against prostate cancer screening in 2011-2012, but in 2018 reversed the recommendation to include screening after an informed discussion. (medscape.com)
The evidence for and against screening, a summary of screening guidelines, and the observed impact of the USPSTF guidelines on prostate cancer incidence and mortality are presented in full detail in Workup/Prostate Cancer Screening . (medscape.com)
Should mass screening for prostate cancer be introduced at the national level? (who.int)
This is a Health Evidence Network (‏HEN)‏ synthesis report whether or not to introduce mass screening for prostate cancer at the national level. (who.int)
Opportunistic screening is widely carried out but there are no known national programmes to screen for prostate cancer. (who.int)

A glycoprotein that is a kallikrein-like serine proteinase and an esterase, produced by epithelial cells of both normal and malignant prostate tissue. (nih.gov)
Still under ultrasound guidance, the doctor inserts an 18-gauge needle into several areas of the prostate to recover tissue samples from 10-18 areas. (news-medical.net)
During the procedure, the doctor inserts a thin needle into the prostate under image guidance (using an MRI and/or a transrectal ultrasound or TRUS) to collect a tissue sample. (medicinenet.com)
A prostate ultrasound can also be used to help your doctor take a tissue sample, or biopsy, from your prostate. (healthline.com)
For a biopsy, the technician will slowly insert a needle alongside the transducer into your prostate to remove the tissue. (healthline.com)

Currently, a transperineal template or saturation biopsy, as it is called, is suggested only if a previous transrectal ultrasound-guided biopsy has been negative but suspicion of prostate cancer is still high. (news-medical.net)
Transrectal sonogram of the prostate illustrating placement of the cryoprobes and urethral-warming catheter. (medscape.com)
Cystoscopy, urethral catheterization, and transrectal ultrasonography of the prostate do not tend to elevate the PSA level. (prostateprohelp.com)

A family of trypsin-like SERINE ENDOPEPTIDASES that are expressed in a variety of cell types including human prostate epithelial cells. (nih.gov)
PSA is found primarily in prostate epithelial cells and in the seminal fluid. (prostateprohelp.com)

Anatomy15

Organisms4

Diseases26

Chemicals and Drugs72

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment76

Psychiatry and Psychology1

Phenomena and Processes40

Disciplines and Occupations3

Anthropology, Education, Sociology and Social Phenomena1

Humanities1

Information Science10

Named Groups3

Health Care30

Geographicals1

Gastrin-releasing peptide receptors in the human prostate: relation to neoplastic transformation. (1/3797)

Cloning and characterization of androgen receptor coactivator, ARA55, in human prostate. (2/3797)

Molecular cloning and characterization of prostase, an androgen-regulated serine protease with prostate-restricted expression. (3/3797)

Delivery of adenoviral vectors to the prostate for gene therapy. (4/3797)

Prolactin receptor expression in the developing human prostate and in hyperplastic, dysplastic, and neoplastic lesions. (5/3797)

COUP-TF upregulates NGFI-A gene expression through an Sp1 binding site. (6/3797)

Cloning and characterization of human prostate coactivator ARA54, a novel protein that associates with the androgen receptor. (7/3797)

The relationship between adrogen receptors and the hormonally controlled responses of rat ventral prostate. (8/3797)

Prostate

Prostate-Specific Antigen

Prostatic Neoplasms

Prostatic Hyperplasia

Androgens

Receptors, Androgen

Prostatectomy

Androgen Antagonists

Cell Line, Tumor

Transurethral Resection of Prostate

Orchiectomy

Prostatic Intraepithelial Neoplasia

Adenocarcinoma

Neoplasms, Hormone-Dependent

Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic

Prostatic Diseases

Dihydrotestosterone

Tumor Markers, Biological

Tosyl Compounds

Digital Rectal Examination

Finasteride

Disease Progression

Mice, Nude

Tumor Cells, Cultured

Bone Neoplasms

Cell Proliferation

Neoplasm Grading

Androgen Receptor Antagonists

Prostatitis

Apoptosis

Immunohistochemistry

Brachytherapy

Neoplasm Metastasis

5-alpha Reductase Inhibitors

Seminal Vesicles

Anilides

Neoplasm Staging

Castration

Watchful Waiting

Flutamide

Testosterone

Antineoplastic Agents, Hormonal

Case-Control Studies

Metribolone

Biopsy, Needle

Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction

Biopsy

Azasteroids

RNA, Messenger

Glutamate Carboxypeptidase II

Neoplasm Transplantation

Risk Factors

Antineoplastic Agents

Neoplasm Invasiveness

Transplantation, Heterologous

Xenograft Model Antitumor Assays

Signal Transduction

3-Oxo-5-alpha-Steroid 4-Dehydrogenase

Prostatic Neoplasms, Castration-Resistant

Cholestenone 5 alpha-Reductase

Epithelial Cells

Neoplasm Proteins

Testosterone Congeners

Prognosis

PTEN Phosphohydrolase

Androgen-Binding Protein

Blotting, Western

Genetic Predisposition to Disease

Radiotherapy, Conformal

Carcinoma

Cell Growth Processes

Sensitivity and Specificity

Prostatic Secretory Proteins

Cell Division

Anticarcinogenic Agents

Racemases and Epimerases

Rectum

Time Factors

Treatment Outcome

Mice, SCID