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Proportional Hazards ModelsRisk FactorsCohort StudiesFollow-Up StudiesProspective StudiesPrognosisSurvival AnalysisKaplan-Meier EstimateIncidenceRetrospective StudiesSurvival RateMultivariate AnalysisRisk AssessmentTime FactorsTreatment OutcomePredictive Value of TestsUnited StatesRiskCause of DeathAge FactorsNeoplasm StagingConfidence IntervalsDisease-Free SurvivalLongitudinal StudiesMortalityBreast NeoplasmsCardiovascular DiseasesRegistriesJapanSEER ProgramSmokingQuestionnairesSex FactorsDisease ProgressionNeoplasm Recurrence, LocalConfounding Factors (Epidemiology)Tumor Markers, BiologicalKidney Failure, ChronicStrokeComorbidityRecurrenceBody Mass IndexEuropean Continental Ancestry GroupProstatic NeoplasmsChi-Square DistributionOdds RatioMyocardial InfarctionRenal DialysisTaiwanCoronary DiseaseBiological MarkersSeverity of Illness IndexColorectal NeoplasmsLung NeoplasmsLymphatic MetastasisEpidemiologic MethodsPostmenopauseDietHIV InfectionsHeart FailureHospitalizationNeoplasmsAfrican AmericansSwedenRegression AnalysisAdenocarcinomaAge DistributionCoffeeModels, StatisticalAlcohol DrinkingDiabetes Mellitus, Type 2Combined Modality TherapyFinlandAntiretroviral Therapy, Highly ActiveAnalysis of VarianceCD4 Lymphocyte CountCaliforniaDiabetes MellitusVegetablesPropensity ScoreChemotherapy, AdjuvantDatabases, FactualSex DistributionCase-Control StudiesLogistic ModelsAfrican Continental Ancestry GroupDenmarkHypertensionSurvivalProbabilityWomen's HealthFood HabitsProstate-Specific AntigenLife StyleHip FracturesLiver NeoplasmsDiabetes ComplicationsSocioeconomic FactorsTreatment FailureAge of OnsetProstatectomyRandomized Controlled Trials as TopicGenotypeChinaCarcinoma, Squamous CellOvarian NeoplasmsReceptors, EstrogenResidence CharacteristicsAnti-HIV AgentsDementiaBiometryPrevalenceFruitEndometrial NeoplasmsImmunohistochemistryMulticenter Studies as TopicHealth SurveysStomach NeoplasmsDiet SurveysLife TablesCarcinoma, HepatocellularNeoplasm GradingEstrogen Replacement TherapyEsophageal NeoplasmsNetherlandsReceptors, Progesteronebeta CaroteneVeteransMinnesotaNeoplasm InvasivenessROC CurveCoronary Artery DiseaseAgingGlomerular Filtration RateCarcinoma, Non-Small-Cell LungData Interpretation, StatisticalKidney NeoplasmsAntineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy ProtocolsCreatinineOutcome Assessment (Health Care)Polymorphism, Single NucleotideReproducibility of ResultsMedicareRadiotherapy, AdjuvantDeath, Sudden, CardiacDeathPancreatic NeoplasmsBrain NeoplasmsBlood PressureDairy ProductsC-Reactive ProteinEuropeSurvivorsNeoplasm MetastasisNational Institutes of Health (U.S.)MenopauseEthnic GroupsReproductive HistoryCarcinoma, Renal CellNomogramsChronic DiseaseObesityBiostatisticsDouble-Blind MethodPregnancyGenetic Predisposition to DiseasePopulation SurveillanceDietary SupplementsNeoplasms, Second PrimaryBias (Epidemiology)Peritoneal DialysisPeripheral Arterial DiseaseGermanyColonic NeoplasmsHydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase InhibitorsGraft SurvivalPostoperative ComplicationsEducational StatusFractures, BoneOccupational ExposureOccupational DiseasesKidney TransplantationBritish ColumbiaNorwayKidney DiseasesAsian Continental Ancestry GroupHawaiiAdenocarcinoma, MucinousInfant, NewbornCarcinomaCanadaMorbidityKarnofsky Performance StatusViral LoadNeoplasms, Glandular and EpithelialNursesContinental Population GroupsMelanomaOsteoporotic FracturesReoperationComputer Simulation
Proportional Hazards Models: Statistical models used in survival analysis that assert that the effect of the study factors on the hazard rate in the study population is multiplicative and does not change over time.Risk Factors: An aspect of personal behavior or lifestyle, environmental exposure, or inborn or inherited characteristic, which, on the basis of epidemiologic evidence, is known to be associated with a health-related condition considered important to prevent.Cohort Studies: Studies in which subsets of a defined population are identified. These groups may or may not be exposed to factors hypothesized to influence the probability of the occurrence of a particular disease or other outcome. Cohorts are defined populations which, as a whole, are followed in an attempt to determine distinguishing subgroup characteristics.Follow-Up Studies: Studies in which individuals or populations are followed to assess the outcome of exposures, procedures, or effects of a characteristic, e.g., occurrence of disease.Prospective Studies: Observation of a population for a sufficient number of persons over a sufficient number of years to generate incidence or mortality rates subsequent to the selection of the study group.Prognosis: A prediction of the probable outcome of a disease based on a individual's condition and the usual course of the disease as seen in similar situations.Survival Analysis: A class of statistical procedures for estimating the survival function (function of time, starting with a population 100% well at a given time and providing the percentage of the population still well at later times). The survival analysis is then used for making inferences about the effects of treatments, prognostic factors, exposures, and other covariates on the function.Kaplan-Meier Estimate: A nonparametric method of compiling LIFE TABLES or survival tables. It combines calculated probabilities of survival and estimates to allow for observations occurring beyond a measurement threshold, which are assumed to occur randomly. Time intervals are defined as ending each time an event occurs and are therefore unequal. (From Last, A Dictionary of Epidemiology, 1995)Incidence: The number of new cases of a given disease during a given period in a specified population. It also is used for the rate at which new events occur in a defined population. It is differentiated from PREVALENCE, which refers to all cases, new or old, in the population at a given time.Retrospective Studies: Studies used to test etiologic hypotheses in which inferences about an exposure to putative causal factors are derived from data relating to characteristics of persons under study or to events or experiences in their past. The essential feature is that some of the persons under study have the disease or outcome of interest and their characteristics are compared with those of unaffected persons.Survival Rate: The proportion of survivors in a group, e.g., of patients, studied and followed over a period, or the proportion of persons in a specified group alive at the beginning of a time interval who survive to the end of the interval. It is often studied using life table methods.Multivariate Analysis: A set of techniques used when variation in several variables has to be studied simultaneously. In statistics, multivariate analysis is interpreted as any analytic method that allows simultaneous study of two or more dependent variables.Risk Assessment: The qualitative or quantitative estimation of the likelihood of adverse effects that may result from exposure to specified health hazards or from the absence of beneficial influences. (Last, Dictionary of Epidemiology, 1988)Time Factors: Elements of limited time intervals, contributing to particular results or situations.Treatment Outcome: Evaluation undertaken to assess the results or consequences of management and procedures used in combating disease in order to determine the efficacy, effectiveness, safety, and practicability of these interventions in individual cases or series.Predictive Value of Tests: In screening and diagnostic tests, the probability that a person with a positive test is a true positive (i.e., has the disease), is referred to as the predictive value of a positive test; whereas, the predictive value of a negative test is the probability that the person with a negative test does not have the disease. Predictive value is related to the sensitivity and specificity of the test.United StatesRisk: The probability that an event will occur. It encompasses a variety of measures of the probability of a generally unfavorable outcome.Cause of Death: Factors which produce cessation of all vital bodily functions. They can be analyzed from an epidemiologic viewpoint.Age Factors: Age as a constituent element or influence contributing to the production of a result. It may be applicable to the cause or the effect of a circumstance. It is used with human or animal concepts but should be differentiated from AGING, a physiological process, and TIME FACTORS which refers only to the passage of time.Neoplasm Staging: Methods which attempt to express in replicable terms the extent of the neoplasm in the patient.Confidence Intervals: A range of values for a variable of interest, e.g., a rate, constructed so that this range has a specified probability of including the true value of the variable.Disease-Free Survival: Period after successful treatment in which there is no appearance of the symptoms or effects of the disease.Longitudinal Studies: Studies in which variables relating to an individual or group of individuals are assessed over a period of time.Mortality: All deaths reported in a given population.Breast Neoplasms: Tumors or cancer of the human BREAST.Cardiovascular Diseases: Pathological conditions involving the CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM including the HEART; the BLOOD VESSELS; or the PERICARDIUM.Registries: The systems and processes involved in the establishment, support, management, and operation of registers, e.g., disease registers.JapanSEER Program: A cancer registry mandated under the National Cancer Act of 1971 to operate and maintain a population-based cancer reporting system, reporting periodically estimates of cancer incidence and mortality in the United States. The Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) Program is a continuing project of the National Cancer Institute of the National Institutes of Health. Among its goals, in addition to assembling and reporting cancer statistics, are the monitoring of annual cancer incident trends and the promoting of studies designed to identify factors amenable to cancer control interventions. (From National Cancer Institute, NIH Publication No. 91-3074, October 1990)Smoking: Inhaling and exhaling the smoke of burning TOBACCO.Questionnaires: Predetermined sets of questions used to collect data - clinical data, social status, occupational group, etc. The term is often applied to a self-completed survey instrument.Sex Factors: Maleness or femaleness as a constituent element or influence contributing to the production of a result. It may be applicable to the cause or effect of a circumstance. It is used with human or animal concepts but should be differentiated from SEX CHARACTERISTICS, anatomical or physiological manifestations of sex, and from SEX DISTRIBUTION, the number of males and females in given circumstances.Disease Progression: The worsening of a disease over time. This concept is most often used for chronic and incurable diseases where the stage of the disease is an important determinant of therapy and prognosis.Neoplasm Recurrence, Local: The local recurrence of a neoplasm following treatment. It arises from microscopic cells of the original neoplasm that have escaped therapeutic intervention and later become clinically visible at the original site.Confounding Factors (Epidemiology): Factors that can cause or prevent the outcome of interest, are not intermediate variables, and are not associated with the factor(s) under investigation. They give rise to situations in which the effects of two processes are not separated, or the contribution of causal factors cannot be separated, or the measure of the effect of exposure or risk is distorted because of its association with other factors influencing the outcome of the study.Tumor Markers, Biological: Molecular products metabolized and secreted by neoplastic tissue and characterized biochemically in cells or body fluids. They are indicators of tumor stage and grade as well as useful for monitoring responses to treatment and predicting recurrence. Many chemical groups are represented including hormones, antigens, amino and nucleic acids, enzymes, polyamines, and specific cell membrane proteins and lipids.Kidney Failure, Chronic: The end-stage of CHRONIC RENAL INSUFFICIENCY. It is characterized by the severe irreversible kidney damage (as measured by the level of PROTEINURIA) and the reduction in GLOMERULAR FILTRATION RATE to less than 15 ml per min (Kidney Foundation: Kidney Disease Outcome Quality Initiative, 2002). These patients generally require HEMODIALYSIS or KIDNEY TRANSPLANTATION.Stroke: A group of pathological conditions characterized by sudden, non-convulsive loss of neurological function due to BRAIN ISCHEMIA or INTRACRANIAL HEMORRHAGES. Stroke is classified by the type of tissue NECROSIS, such as the anatomic location, vasculature involved, etiology, age of the affected individual, and hemorrhagic vs. non-hemorrhagic nature. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp777-810)Comorbidity: The presence of co-existing or additional diseases with reference to an initial diagnosis or with reference to the index condition that is the subject of study. Comorbidity may affect the ability of affected individuals to function and also their survival; it may be used as a prognostic indicator for length of hospital stay, cost factors, and outcome or survival.Recurrence: The return of a sign, symptom, or disease after a remission.Body Mass Index: An indicator of body density as determined by the relationship of BODY WEIGHT to BODY HEIGHT. BMI=weight (kg)/height squared (m2). BMI correlates with body fat (ADIPOSE TISSUE). Their relationship varies with age and gender. For adults, BMI falls into these categories: below 18.5 (underweight); 18.5-24.9 (normal); 25.0-29.9 (overweight); 30.0 and above (obese). (National Center for Health Statistics, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention)European Continental Ancestry Group: Individuals whose ancestral origins are in the continent of Europe.Prostatic Neoplasms: Tumors or cancer of the PROSTATE.Chi-Square Distribution: A distribution in which a variable is distributed like the sum of the squares of any given independent random variable, each of which has a normal distribution with mean of zero and variance of one. The chi-square test is a statistical test based on comparison of a test statistic to a chi-square distribution. The oldest of these tests are used to detect whether two or more population distributions differ from one another.Odds Ratio: The ratio of two odds. The exposure-odds ratio for case control data is the ratio of the odds in favor of exposure among cases to the odds in favor of exposure among noncases. The disease-odds ratio for a cohort or cross section is the ratio of the odds in favor of disease among the exposed to the odds in favor of disease among the unexposed. The prevalence-odds ratio refers to an odds ratio derived cross-sectionally from studies of prevalent cases.Myocardial Infarction: NECROSIS of the MYOCARDIUM caused by an obstruction of the blood supply to the heart (CORONARY CIRCULATION).Renal Dialysis: Therapy for the insufficient cleansing of the BLOOD by the kidneys based on dialysis and including hemodialysis, PERITONEAL DIALYSIS, and HEMODIAFILTRATION.TaiwanCoronary Disease: An imbalance between myocardial functional requirements and the capacity of the CORONARY VESSELS to supply sufficient blood flow. It is a form of MYOCARDIAL ISCHEMIA (insufficient blood supply to the heart muscle) caused by a decreased capacity of the coronary vessels.Biological Markers: Measurable and quantifiable biological parameters (e.g., specific enzyme concentration, specific hormone concentration, specific gene phenotype distribution in a population, presence of biological substances) which serve as indices for health- and physiology-related assessments, such as disease risk, psychiatric disorders, environmental exposure and its effects, disease diagnosis, metabolic processes, substance abuse, pregnancy, cell line development, epidemiologic studies, etc.Severity of Illness Index: Levels within a diagnostic group which are established by various measurement criteria applied to the seriousness of a patient's disorder.Colorectal Neoplasms: Tumors or cancer of the COLON or the RECTUM or both. Risk factors for colorectal cancer include chronic ULCERATIVE COLITIS; FAMILIAL POLYPOSIS COLI; exposure to ASBESTOS; and irradiation of the CERVIX UTERI.Lung Neoplasms: Tumors or cancer of the LUNG.Lymphatic Metastasis: Transfer of a neoplasm from its primary site to lymph nodes or to distant parts of the body by way of the lymphatic system.Epidemiologic Methods: Research techniques that focus on study designs and data gathering methods in human and animal populations.Postmenopause: The physiological period following the MENOPAUSE, the permanent cessation of the menstrual life.Diet: Regular course of eating and drinking adopted by a person or animal.HIV Infections: Includes the spectrum of human immunodeficiency virus infections that range from asymptomatic seropositivity, thru AIDS-related complex (ARC), to acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS).Heart Failure: A heterogeneous condition in which the heart is unable to pump out sufficient blood to meet the metabolic need of the body. Heart failure can be caused by structural defects, functional abnormalities (VENTRICULAR DYSFUNCTION), or a sudden overload beyond its capacity. Chronic heart failure is more common than acute heart failure which results from sudden insult to cardiac function, such as MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION.Hospitalization: The confinement of a patient in a hospital.Neoplasms: New abnormal growth of tissue. Malignant neoplasms show a greater degree of anaplasia and have the properties of invasion and metastasis, compared to benign neoplasms.African Americans: Persons living in the United States having origins in any of the black groups of Africa.SwedenRegression Analysis: Procedures for finding the mathematical function which best describes the relationship between a dependent variable and one or more independent variables. In linear regression (see LINEAR MODELS) the relationship is constrained to be a straight line and LEAST-SQUARES ANALYSIS is used to determine the best fit. In logistic regression (see LOGISTIC MODELS) the dependent variable is qualitative rather than continuously variable and LIKELIHOOD FUNCTIONS are used to find the best relationship. In multiple regression, the dependent variable is considered to depend on more than a single independent variable.Adenocarcinoma: A malignant epithelial tumor with a glandular organization.Age Distribution: The frequency of different ages or age groups in a given population. The distribution may refer to either how many or what proportion of the group. The population is usually patients with a specific disease but the concept is not restricted to humans and is not restricted to medicine.Coffee: A beverage made from ground COFFEA beans (SEEDS) infused in hot water. It generally contains CAFFEINE and THEOPHYLLINE unless it is decaffeinated.Models, Statistical: Statistical formulations or analyses which, when applied to data and found to fit the data, are then used to verify the assumptions and parameters used in the analysis. Examples of statistical models are the linear model, binomial model, polynomial model, two-parameter model, etc.Alcohol Drinking: Behaviors associated with the ingesting of alcoholic beverages, including social drinking.Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2: A subclass of DIABETES MELLITUS that is not INSULIN-responsive or dependent (NIDDM). It is characterized initially by INSULIN RESISTANCE and HYPERINSULINEMIA; and eventually by GLUCOSE INTOLERANCE; HYPERGLYCEMIA; and overt diabetes. Type II diabetes mellitus is no longer considered a disease exclusively found in adults. Patients seldom develop KETOSIS but often exhibit OBESITY.Combined Modality Therapy: The treatment of a disease or condition by several different means simultaneously or sequentially. Chemoimmunotherapy, RADIOIMMUNOTHERAPY, chemoradiotherapy, cryochemotherapy, and SALVAGE THERAPY are seen most frequently, but their combinations with each other and surgery are also used.FinlandAntiretroviral Therapy, Highly Active: Drug regimens, for patients with HIV INFECTIONS, that aggressively suppress HIV replication. The regimens usually involve administration of three or more different drugs including a protease inhibitor.Analysis of Variance: A statistical technique that isolates and assesses the contributions of categorical independent variables to variation in the mean of a continuous dependent variable.CD4 Lymphocyte Count: The number of CD4-POSITIVE T-LYMPHOCYTES per unit volume of BLOOD. Determination requires the use of a fluorescence-activated flow cytometer.CaliforniaDiabetes Mellitus: A heterogeneous group of disorders characterized by HYPERGLYCEMIA and GLUCOSE INTOLERANCE.Vegetables: A food group comprised of EDIBLE PLANTS or their parts.Propensity Score: Conditional probability of exposure to a treatment given observed covariates.Chemotherapy, Adjuvant: Drug therapy given to augment or stimulate some other form of treatment such as surgery or radiation therapy. Adjuvant chemotherapy is commonly used in the therapy of cancer and can be administered before or after the primary treatment.Databases, Factual: Extensive collections, reputedly complete, of facts and data garnered from material of a specialized subject area and made available for analysis and application. The collection can be automated by various contemporary methods for retrieval. The concept should be differentiated from DATABASES, BIBLIOGRAPHIC which is restricted to collections of bibliographic references.Sex Distribution: The number of males and females in a given population. The distribution may refer to how many men or women or what proportion of either in the group. The population is usually patients with a specific disease but the concept is not restricted to humans and is not restricted to medicine.Case-Control Studies: Studies which start with the identification of persons with a disease of interest and a control (comparison, referent) group without the disease. The relationship of an attribute to the disease is examined by comparing diseased and non-diseased persons with regard to the frequency or levels of the attribute in each group.Logistic Models: Statistical models which describe the relationship between a qualitative dependent variable (that is, one which can take only certain discrete values, such as the presence or absence of a disease) and an independent variable. A common application is in epidemiology for estimating an individual's risk (probability of a disease) as a function of a given risk factor.African Continental Ancestry Group: Individuals whose ancestral origins are in the continent of Africa.DenmarkHypertension: Persistently high systemic arterial BLOOD PRESSURE. Based on multiple readings (BLOOD PRESSURE DETERMINATION), hypertension is currently defined as when SYSTOLIC PRESSURE is consistently greater than 140 mm Hg or when DIASTOLIC PRESSURE is consistently 90 mm Hg or more.Survival: Continuance of life or existence especially under adverse conditions; includes methods and philosophy of survival.Probability: The study of chance processes or the relative frequency characterizing a chance process.Women's Health: The concept covering the physical and mental conditions of women.Food Habits: Acquired or learned food preferences.Prostate-Specific Antigen: A glycoprotein that is a kallikrein-like serine proteinase and an esterase, produced by epithelial cells of both normal and malignant prostate tissue. It is an important marker for the diagnosis of prostate cancer.Life Style: Typical way of life or manner of living characteristic of an individual or group. (From APA, Thesaurus of Psychological Index Terms, 8th ed)Hip Fractures: Fractures of the FEMUR HEAD; the FEMUR NECK; (FEMORAL NECK FRACTURES); the trochanters; or the inter- or subtrochanteric region. Excludes fractures of the acetabulum and fractures of the femoral shaft below the subtrochanteric region (FEMORAL FRACTURES).Liver Neoplasms: Tumors or cancer of the LIVER.Diabetes Complications: Conditions or pathological processes associated with the disease of diabetes mellitus. Due to the impaired control of BLOOD GLUCOSE level in diabetic patients, pathological processes develop in numerous tissues and organs including the EYE, the KIDNEY, the BLOOD VESSELS, and the NERVE TISSUE.Socioeconomic Factors: Social and economic factors that characterize the individual or group within the social structure.Treatment Failure: A measure of the quality of health care by assessment of unsuccessful results of management and procedures used in combating disease, in individual cases or series.Age of Onset: The age, developmental stage, or period of life at which a disease or the initial symptoms or manifestations of a disease appear in an individual.Prostatectomy: Complete or partial surgical removal of the prostate. Three primary approaches are commonly employed: suprapubic - removal through an incision above the pubis and through the urinary bladder; retropubic - as for suprapubic but without entering the urinary bladder; and transurethral (TRANSURETHRAL RESECTION OF PROSTATE).Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic: Works about clinical trials that involve at least one test treatment and one control treatment, concurrent enrollment and follow-up of the test- and control-treated groups, and in which the treatments to be administered are selected by a random process, such as the use of a random-numbers table.Genotype: The genetic constitution of the individual, comprising the ALLELES present at each GENETIC LOCUS.China: A country spanning from central Asia to the Pacific Ocean.Carcinoma, Squamous Cell: A carcinoma derived from stratified SQUAMOUS EPITHELIAL CELLS. It may also occur in sites where glandular or columnar epithelium is normally present. (From Stedman, 25th ed)Ovarian Neoplasms: Tumors or cancer of the OVARY. These neoplasms can be benign or malignant. They are classified according to the tissue of origin, such as the surface EPITHELIUM, the stromal endocrine cells, and the totipotent GERM CELLS.Receptors, Estrogen: Cytoplasmic proteins that bind estrogens and migrate to the nucleus where they regulate DNA transcription. Evaluation of the state of estrogen receptors in breast cancer patients has become clinically important.Residence Characteristics: Elements of residence that characterize a population. They are applicable in determining need for and utilization of health services.Anti-HIV Agents: Agents used to treat AIDS and/or stop the spread of the HIV infection. These do not include drugs used to treat symptoms or opportunistic infections associated with AIDS.Dementia: An acquired organic mental disorder with loss of intellectual abilities of sufficient severity to interfere with social or occupational functioning. The dysfunction is multifaceted and involves memory, behavior, personality, judgment, attention, spatial relations, language, abstract thought, and other executive functions. The intellectual decline is usually progressive, and initially spares the level of consciousness.Biometry: The use of statistical and mathematical methods to analyze biological observations and phenomena.Prevalence: The total number of cases of a given disease in a specified population at a designated time. It is differentiated from INCIDENCE, which refers to the number of new cases in the population at a given time.Fruit: The fleshy or dry ripened ovary of a plant, enclosing the seed or seeds.Endometrial Neoplasms: Tumors or cancer of ENDOMETRIUM, the mucous lining of the UTERUS. These neoplasms can be benign or malignant. Their classification and grading are based on the various cell types and the percent of undifferentiated cells.Immunohistochemistry: Histochemical localization of immunoreactive substances using labeled antibodies as reagents.Multicenter Studies as Topic: Works about controlled studies which are planned and carried out by several cooperating institutions to assess certain variables and outcomes in specific patient populations, for example, a multicenter study of congenital anomalies in children.Health Surveys: A systematic collection of factual data pertaining to health and disease in a human population within a given geographic area.Stomach Neoplasms: Tumors or cancer of the STOMACH.Diet Surveys: Systematic collections of factual data pertaining to the diet of a human population within a given geographic area.Life Tables: Summarizing techniques used to describe the pattern of mortality and survival in populations. These methods can be applied to the study not only of death, but also of any defined endpoint such as the onset of disease or the occurrence of disease complications.Carcinoma, Hepatocellular: A primary malignant neoplasm of epithelial liver cells. It ranges from a well-differentiated tumor with EPITHELIAL CELLS indistinguishable from normal HEPATOCYTES to a poorly differentiated neoplasm. The cells may be uniform or markedly pleomorphic, or form GIANT CELLS. Several classification schemes have been suggested.Neoplasm Grading: Methods which attempt to express in replicable terms the level of CELL DIFFERENTIATION in neoplasms as increasing ANAPLASIA correlates with the aggressiveness of the neoplasm.Estrogen Replacement Therapy: The use of hormonal agents with estrogen-like activity in postmenopausal or other estrogen-deficient women to alleviate effects of hormone deficiency, such as vasomotor symptoms, DYSPAREUNIA, and progressive development of OSTEOPOROSIS. This may also include the use of progestational agents in combination therapy.Esophageal Neoplasms: Tumors or cancer of the ESOPHAGUS.Netherlands: Country located in EUROPE. It is bordered by the NORTH SEA, BELGIUM, and GERMANY. Constituent areas are Aruba, Curacao, Sint Maarten, formerly included in the NETHERLANDS ANTILLES.Receptors, Progesterone: Specific proteins found in or on cells of progesterone target tissues that specifically combine with progesterone. The cytosol progesterone-receptor complex then associates with the nucleic acids to initiate protein synthesis. There are two kinds of progesterone receptors, A and B. Both are induced by estrogen and have short half-lives.beta Carotene: A carotenoid that is a precursor of VITAMIN A. It is administered to reduce the severity of photosensitivity reactions in patients with erythropoietic protoporphyria (PORPHYRIA, ERYTHROPOIETIC). (From Reynolds JEF(Ed): Martindale: The Extra Pharmacopoeia (electronic version). Micromedex, Inc, Engewood, CO, 1995.)Veterans: Former members of the armed services.MinnesotaNeoplasm Invasiveness: Ability of neoplasms to infiltrate and actively destroy surrounding tissue.ROC Curve: A graphic means for assessing the ability of a screening test to discriminate between healthy and diseased persons; may also be used in other studies, e.g., distinguishing stimuli responses as to a faint stimuli or nonstimuli.Coronary Artery Disease: Pathological processes of CORONARY ARTERIES that may derive from a congenital abnormality, atherosclerotic, or non-atherosclerotic cause.Aging: The gradual irreversible changes in structure and function of an organism that occur as a result of the passage of time.Glomerular Filtration Rate: The volume of water filtered out of plasma through glomerular capillary walls into Bowman's capsules per unit of time. It is considered to be equivalent to INULIN clearance.Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung: A heterogeneous aggregate of at least three distinct histological types of lung cancer, including SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMA; ADENOCARCINOMA; and LARGE CELL CARCINOMA. They are dealt with collectively because of their shared treatment strategy.Data Interpretation, Statistical: Application of statistical procedures to analyze specific observed or assumed facts from a particular study.Kidney Neoplasms: Tumors or cancers of the KIDNEY.Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols: The use of two or more chemicals simultaneously or sequentially in the drug therapy of neoplasms. The drugs need not be in the same dosage form.CreatinineOutcome Assessment (Health Care): Research aimed at assessing the quality and effectiveness of health care as measured by the attainment of a specified end result or outcome. Measures include parameters such as improved health, lowered morbidity or mortality, and improvement of abnormal states (such as elevated blood pressure).Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide: A single nucleotide variation in a genetic sequence that occurs at appreciable frequency in the population.Reproducibility of Results: The statistical reproducibility of measurements (often in a clinical context), including the testing of instrumentation or techniques to obtain reproducible results. The concept includes reproducibility of physiological measurements, which may be used to develop rules to assess probability or prognosis, or response to a stimulus; reproducibility of occurrence of a condition; and reproducibility of experimental results.Medicare: Federal program, created by Public Law 89-97, Title XVIII-Health Insurance for the Aged, a 1965 amendment to the Social Security Act, that provides health insurance benefits to persons over the age of 65 and others eligible for Social Security benefits. It consists of two separate but coordinated programs: hospital insurance (MEDICARE PART A) and supplementary medical insurance (MEDICARE PART B). (Hospital Administration Terminology, AHA, 2d ed and A Discursive Dictionary of Health Care, US House of Representatives, 1976)Radiotherapy, Adjuvant: Radiotherapy given to augment some other form of treatment such as surgery or chemotherapy. Adjuvant radiotherapy is commonly used in the therapy of cancer and can be administered before or after the primary treatment.Death, Sudden, Cardiac: Unexpected rapid natural death due to cardiovascular collapse within one hour of initial symptoms. It is usually caused by the worsening of existing heart diseases. The sudden onset of symptoms, such as CHEST PAIN and CARDIAC ARRHYTHMIAS, particularly VENTRICULAR TACHYCARDIA, can lead to the loss of consciousness and cardiac arrest followed by biological death. (from Braunwald's Heart Disease: A Textbook of Cardiovascular Medicine, 7th ed., 2005)Death: Irreversible cessation of all bodily functions, manifested by absence of spontaneous breathing and total loss of cardiovascular and cerebral functions.Pancreatic Neoplasms: Tumors or cancer of the PANCREAS. Depending on the types of ISLET CELLS present in the tumors, various hormones can be secreted: GLUCAGON from PANCREATIC ALPHA CELLS; INSULIN from PANCREATIC BETA CELLS; and SOMATOSTATIN from the SOMATOSTATIN-SECRETING CELLS. Most are malignant except the insulin-producing tumors (INSULINOMA).Brain Neoplasms: Neoplasms of the intracranial components of the central nervous system, including the cerebral hemispheres, basal ganglia, hypothalamus, thalamus, brain stem, and cerebellum. Brain neoplasms are subdivided into primary (originating from brain tissue) and secondary (i.e., metastatic) forms. Primary neoplasms are subdivided into benign and malignant forms. In general, brain tumors may also be classified by age of onset, histologic type, or presenting location in the brain.Blood Pressure: PRESSURE of the BLOOD on the ARTERIES and other BLOOD VESSELS.Dairy Products: Raw and processed or manufactured milk and milk-derived products. These are usually from cows (bovine) but are also from goats, sheep, reindeer, and water buffalo.C-Reactive Protein: A plasma protein that circulates in increased amounts during inflammation and after tissue damage.EuropeSurvivors: Persons who have experienced a prolonged survival after serious disease or who continue to live with a usually life-threatening condition as well as family members, significant others, or individuals surviving traumatic life events.Neoplasm Metastasis: The transfer of a neoplasm from one organ or part of the body to another remote from the primary site.National Institutes of Health (U.S.): An operating division of the US Department of Health and Human Services. It is concerned with the overall planning, promoting, and administering of programs pertaining to health and medical research. Until 1995, it was an agency of the United States PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE.Menopause: The last menstrual period. Permanent cessation of menses (MENSTRUATION) is usually defined after 6 to 12 months of AMENORRHEA in a woman over 45 years of age. In the United States, menopause generally occurs in women between 48 and 55 years of age.Ethnic Groups: A group of people with a common cultural heritage that sets them apart from others in a variety of social relationships.Reproductive History: An important aggregate factor in epidemiological studies of women's health. The concept usually includes the number and timing of pregnancies and their outcomes, the incidence of breast feeding, and may include age of menarche and menopause, regularity of menstruation, fertility, gynecological or obstetric problems, or contraceptive usage.Carcinoma, Renal Cell: A heterogeneous group of sporadic or hereditary carcinoma derived from cells of the KIDNEYS. There are several subtypes including the clear cells, the papillary, the chromophobe, the collecting duct, the spindle cells (sarcomatoid), or mixed cell-type carcinoma.Nomograms: Graphical representation of a statistical model containing scales for calculating the prognostic weight of a value for each individual variable. Nomograms are instruments that can be used to predict outcomes using specific clinical parameters. They use ALGORITHMS that incorporate several variables to calculate the predicted probability that a patient will achieve a particular clinical endpoint.Chronic Disease: Diseases which have one or more of the following characteristics: they are permanent, leave residual disability, are caused by nonreversible pathological alteration, require special training of the patient for rehabilitation, or may be expected to require a long period of supervision, observation, or care. (Dictionary of Health Services Management, 2d ed)Obesity: A status with BODY WEIGHT that is grossly above the acceptable or desirable weight, usually due to accumulation of excess FATS in the body. The standards may vary with age, sex, genetic or cultural background. In the BODY MASS INDEX, a BMI greater than 30.0 kg/m2 is considered obese, and a BMI greater than 40.0 kg/m2 is considered morbidly obese (MORBID OBESITY).Biostatistics: The application of STATISTICS to biological systems and organisms involving the retrieval or collection, analysis, reduction, and interpretation of qualitative and quantitative data.Double-Blind Method: A method of studying a drug or procedure in which both the subjects and investigators are kept unaware of who is actually getting which specific treatment.Pregnancy: The status during which female mammals carry their developing young (EMBRYOS or FETUSES) in utero before birth, beginning from FERTILIZATION to BIRTH.Genetic Predisposition to Disease: A latent susceptibility to disease at the genetic level, which may be activated under certain conditions.Population Surveillance: Ongoing scrutiny of a population (general population, study population, target population, etc.), generally using methods distinguished by their practicability, uniformity, and frequently their rapidity, rather than by complete accuracy.Dietary Supplements: Products in capsule, tablet or liquid form that provide dietary ingredients, and that are intended to be taken by mouth to increase the intake of nutrients. Dietary supplements can include macronutrients, such as proteins, carbohydrates, and fats; and/or MICRONUTRIENTS, such as VITAMINS; MINERALS; and PHYTOCHEMICALS.Neoplasms, Second Primary: Abnormal growths of tissue that follow a previous neoplasm but are not metastases of the latter. The second neoplasm may have the same or different histological type and can occur in the same or different organs as the previous neoplasm but in all cases arises from an independent oncogenic event. The development of the second neoplasm may or may not be related to the treatment for the previous neoplasm since genetic risk or predisposing factors may actually be the cause.Bias (Epidemiology): Any deviation of results or inferences from the truth, or processes leading to such deviation. Bias can result from several sources: one-sided or systematic variations in measurement from the true value (systematic error); flaws in study design; deviation of inferences, interpretations, or analyses based on flawed data or data collection; etc. There is no sense of prejudice or subjectivity implied in the assessment of bias under these conditions.Peritoneal Dialysis: Dialysis fluid being introduced into and removed from the peritoneal cavity as either a continuous or an intermittent procedure.Peripheral Arterial Disease: Lack of perfusion in the EXTREMITIES resulting from atherosclerosis. It is characterized by INTERMITTENT CLAUDICATION, and an ANKLE BRACHIAL INDEX of 0.9 or less.GermanyColonic Neoplasms: Tumors or cancer of the COLON.Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase Inhibitors: Compounds that inhibit HMG-CoA reductases. They have been shown to directly lower cholesterol synthesis.Graft Survival: The survival of a graft in a host, the factors responsible for the survival and the changes occurring within the graft during growth in the host.Postoperative Complications: Pathologic processes that affect patients after a surgical procedure. They may or may not be related to the disease for which the surgery was done, and they may or may not be direct results of the surgery.Educational Status: Educational attainment or level of education of individuals.Fractures, Bone: Breaks in bones.Occupational Exposure: The exposure to potentially harmful chemical, physical, or biological agents that occurs as a result of one's occupation.Occupational Diseases: Diseases caused by factors involved in one's employment.Kidney Transplantation: The transference of a kidney from one human or animal to another.British Columbia: A province of Canada on the Pacific coast. Its capital is Victoria. The name given in 1858 derives from the Columbia River which was named by the American captain Robert Gray for his ship Columbia which in turn was named for Columbus. (From Webster's New Geographical Dictionary, 1988, p178 & Room, Brewer's Dictionary of Names, 1992, p81-2)NorwayKidney Diseases: Pathological processes of the KIDNEY or its component tissues.Asian Continental Ancestry Group: Individuals whose ancestral origins are in the southeastern and eastern areas of the Asian continent.Hawaii: A group of islands in Polynesia, in the north central Pacific Ocean, comprising eight major and 114 minor islands, largely volcanic and coral. Its capital is Honolulu. It was first reached by Polynesians about 500 A.D. It was discovered and named the Sandwich Islands in 1778 by Captain Cook. The islands were united under the rule of King Kamehameha 1795-1819 and requested annexation to the United States in 1893 when a provisional government was set up. Hawaii was established as a territory in 1900 and admitted as a state in 1959. The name is from the Polynesian Owhyhii, place of the gods, with reference to the two volcanoes Mauna Kea and Mauna Loa, regarded as the abode of the gods. (From Webster's New Geographical Dictionary, 1988, p493 & Room, Brewer's Dictionary of Names, 1992, p2330)Adenocarcinoma, Mucinous: An adenocarcinoma producing mucin in significant amounts. (From Dorland, 27th ed)Infant, Newborn: An infant during the first month after birth.Carcinoma: A malignant neoplasm made up of epithelial cells tending to infiltrate the surrounding tissues and give rise to metastases. It is a histological type of neoplasm but is often wrongly used as a synonym for "cancer." (From Dorland, 27th ed)Canada: The largest country in North America, comprising 10 provinces and three territories. Its capital is Ottawa.Morbidity: The proportion of patients with a particular disease during a given year per given unit of population.Karnofsky Performance Status: A performance measure for rating the ability of a person to perform usual activities, evaluating a patient's progress after a therapeutic procedure, and determining a patient's suitability for therapy. It is used most commonly in the prognosis of cancer therapy, usually after chemotherapy and customarily administered before and after therapy. It was named for Dr. David A. Karnofsky, an American specialist in cancer chemotherapy.Viral Load: The quantity of measurable virus in a body fluid. Change in viral load, measured in plasma, is sometimes used as a SURROGATE MARKER in disease progression.Neoplasms, Glandular and Epithelial: Neoplasms composed of glandular tissue, an aggregation of epithelial cells that elaborate secretions, and of any type of epithelium itself. The concept does not refer to neoplasms located in the various glands or in epithelial tissue.Nurses: Professionals qualified by graduation from an accredited school of nursing and by passage of a national licensing examination to practice nursing. They provide services to patients requiring assistance in recovering or maintaining their physical or mental health.Continental Population Groups: Groups of individuals whose putative ancestry is from native continental populations based on similarities in physical appearance.Melanoma: A malignant neoplasm derived from cells that are capable of forming melanin, which may occur in the skin of any part of the body, in the eye, or, rarely, in the mucous membranes of the genitalia, anus, oral cavity, or other sites. It occurs mostly in adults and may originate de novo or from a pigmented nevus or malignant lentigo. Melanomas frequently metastasize widely, and the regional lymph nodes, liver, lungs, and brain are likely to be involved. The incidence of malignant skin melanomas is rising rapidly in all parts of the world. (Stedman, 25th ed; from Rook et al., Textbook of Dermatology, 4th ed, p2445)Osteoporotic Fractures: Breaks in bones resulting from low bone mass and microarchitectural deterioration characteristic of OSTEOPOROSIS.Reoperation: A repeat operation for the same condition in the same patient due to disease progression or recurrence, or as followup to failed previous surgery.Computer Simulation: Computer-based representation of physical systems and phenomena such as chemical processes.

Microvascular loops and networks as prognostic indicators in choroidal and ciliary body melanomas. (1/14874)

BACKGROUND: Malignant melanoma of the ciliary body and choroid of the eye is a tumor that disseminates frequently, and 50% of the diagnosed patients die within 10 years. We investigated the hypothesis that, by histopathologic analysis of the arrangement of microvessels (i.e., small blood vessels) in loops and networks, we might be able to differentiate better those patients with a favorable prognosis from those with a poor prognosis. METHODS: We conducted a population-based, retrospective cohort study of melanoma-specific and all-cause mortality for 167 consecutive patients who had an eye surgically removed because of malignant choroidal or ciliary body melanoma during the period from 1972 through 1981. Microvascular loops and networks were evaluated independently by two pathologists who were unaware of patient outcome. RESULTS: Microvascular patterns could be assessed in 134 (80%) of 167 melanoma specimens. The 10-year probability of melanoma-specific survival was worse if microvascular loops (0.45 versus 0.83; two-sided P<.0001) and networks (0.41 versus 0.72, two-sided P<.0001) were present. In multivariate Cox regression analysis of melanoma-specific survival, the hazard ratios were 1.66 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.19-2.30) for the presence of loops and networks as a combined three-category variable, 2.36 (95% CI = 1.37-4.05) for the presence of epithelioid cells, 1.11 (95% CI = 1.03-1.19) for the largest basal tumor diameter (evaluated as a continuous variable), and 2.14 (95% CI = 1.25-3.67) for ciliary body involvement. CONCLUSIONS: Patients with malignant uveal melanoma who have a favorable prognosis can be distinguished from those with a poor prognosis by histopathologic analysis of microvascular patterns in uveal melanoma tumor specimens.  (+info)

Effects of calcium-channel blockade in older patients with diabetes and systolic hypertension. Systolic Hypertension in Europe Trial Investigators. (2/14874)

BACKGROUND: Recent reports suggest that calcium-channel blockers may be harmful in patients with diabetes and hypertension. We previously reported that antihypertensive treatment with the calcium-channel blocker nitrendipine reduced the risk of cardiovascular events. In this post hoc analysis, we compared the outcome of treatment with nitrendipine in diabetic and nondiabetic patients. METHODS: After stratification according to center, sex, and presence or absence of previous cardiovascular complications, 4695 patients (age, > or =60 years) with systolic blood pressure of 160 to 219 mm Hg and diastolic pressure below 95 mm Hg were randomly assigned to receive active treatment or placebo. Active treatment consisted of nitrendipine (10 to 40 mg per day) with the possible addition or substitution of enalapril (5 to 20 mg per day) or hydrochlorothiazide (12.5 to 25 mg per day) or both, titrated to reduce the systolic blood pressure by at least 20 mm Hg and to less than 150 mm Hg. In the control group, matching placebo tablets were administered similarly. RESULTS: At randomization, 492 patients (10.5 percent) had diabetes. After a median follow-up of two years, the systolic and diastolic blood pressures in the placebo and active-treatment groups differed by 8.6 and 3.9 mm Hg, respectively, among the diabetic patients. Among the 4203 patients without diabetes, systolic and diastolic pressures differed by 10.3 and 4.5 mm Hg, respectively, in the two groups. After adjustment for possible confounders, active treatment was found to have reduced overall mortality by 55 percent (from 45.1 deaths per 1000 patients to 26.4 deaths per 1000 patients), mortality from cardiovascular disease by 76 percent, all cardiovascular events combined by 69 percent, fatal and nonfatal strokes by 73 percent, and all cardiac events combined by 63 percent in the group of patients with diabetes. Among the nondiabetic patients, active treatment decreased all cardiovascular events combined by 26 percent and fatal and nonfatal strokes by 38 percent. In the group of patients receiving active treatment, reductions in overall mortality, mortality from cardiovascular disease, and all cardiovascular events were significantly larger among the diabetic patients than among the nondiabetic patients (P=0.04, P=0.02, and P=0.01, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: Nitrendipine-based antihypertensive therapy is particularly beneficial in older patients with diabetes and isolated systolic hypertension. Thus, our findings do not support the hypothesis that the use of long-acting calcium-channel blockers may be harmful in diabetic patients.  (+info)

Association between age and survival following major amputation. The Scottish Vascular Audit Group. (3/14874)

OBJECTIVES: To determine whether age is associated with survival following major amputation and whether this association is independent or simply reflects selection bias in amputation level. DESIGN AND MATERIALS: Computer linkage of routine discharge and death data on the 2759 patients undergoing major amputation in Scotland between 1989 and 1993 for peripheral arterial disease. METHODS: Cox's proportional hazards model and multivariate logistic regression analysis using death as the outcome variable and age, sex, urgency, amputation level and recent arterial reconstructive surgery as predictor variables. RESULTS: Proximal amputation was more common in older patients. Survival was associated with both age (p < 0.001) and amputation level (p < 0.001). Age was an independent predictor of death at 30 days (p < 0.0001), 6 months (p < 0.001), 12 months (p < 0.0001) and 2 years (p < 0.0001) postoperation. CONCLUSIONS: Survival following amputation was poor, with only half the patients alive at 2 years. Above-knee amputation was associated with poorer survival, presumably due to the presence of more severe and widespread disease, and was undertaken more commonly in older patients. However, age remained a predictor of survival after adjustment for amputation level. Higher early mortality suggest that a worse prognosis in elderly patients cannot be attributed wholly to actuarial considerations.  (+info)

Prognostic value of ECG findings for total, cardiovascular disease, and coronary heart disease death in men and women. (4/14874)

OBJECTIVE: To study abnormalities in the resting ECG as independent predictors for all cause, cardiovascular disease (CVD), and coronary heart disease (CHD) mortality in a population based random sample of men and women, and to explore whether their prognostic value is different between sexes. DESIGN AND SUBJECTS: An age and sex stratified random sample was selected from the total Belgian population aged 25 to 74 years. Baseline data were gathered and resting ECGs were classified according to Minnesota code criteria. The sample was then followed for at least 10 years with respect to cause specific death. Results are based on observations from 5208 men and 4746 women free from prevalent CHD at the start of the follow up period. RESULTS: Although the prevalence of major abnormalities in general was comparable between sexes, women had more ischaemic findings, ST segment changes, and abnormal T waves on their baseline ECG, while men showed more arrhythmias, bundle branch blocks, and left ventricular hypertrophy. Fitting the multiplicative effect on subsequent mortality between all ECG classifications under study and sex indicated that the prognostic value of ECG changes was equal in women and men. Independently of other risk factors and other major ECG changes, almost all ECG classifications were significantly related to all cause, CVD, and CHD mortality. The most predictive ECG findings for CVD death were ST segment depression (risk ratio (RR) 4.71), major ECG findings (RR 3.26), left ventricular hypertrophy (RR 2.79), bundle branch blocks (RR 2.58), T wave flattening (RR 2.47), ischaemic ECG findings (RR 2.35), and arrhythmias (RR 2.15). The prognostic value of major ECG findings for CVD and CHD death was more powerful than well established cardiovascular risk factors. CONCLUSIONS: Abnormalities in the baseline ECG are strongly associated with subsequent all cause, CVD, and CHD mortality. Their predictive value was similar for men and women.  (+info)

Recurrence in affective disorder: analyses with frailty models. (5/14874)

The risk of recurrence in affective disorder is influenced by the number of prior episodes and by a person's tendency toward recurrence. Newly developed frailty models were used to estimate the effect of the number of episodes on the rate of recurrence, taking into account individual frailty toward recurrence. The study base was the Danish psychiatric case register of all hospital admissions for primary affective disorder in Denmark during 1971-1993. A total of 20,350 first-admission patients were discharged with a diagnosis of major affective disorder. For women with unipolar disorder and for all kinds of patients with bipolar disorder, the rate of recurrence was affected by the number of prior episodes even when the effect was adjusted for individual frailty toward recurrence. No effect of episodes but a large effect of the frailty parameter was found for unipolar men. The authors concluded that the risk of recurrence seems to increase with the number of episodes of bipolar affective disorder in general and for women with unipolar disorder.  (+info)

Influence of a family history of cancer within and across multiple sites on patterns of cancer mortality risk for women. (6/14874)

A case-control study nested within a large cohort, the American Cancer Society Cancer Prevention Study-1, was conducted to test associations between a family history of cancer and cancer mortality in women. By using logistic regression, the authors analyzed family history, as reported by 429,483 women enrolled in 1959, relative to subsequent mortality through 1972 from cancer within and across multiple sites. The associations between family history and cancer mortality were generally stronger within cancer sites than across cancer sites. Within-site associations were found for breast cancer (odds ratio (OR) = 1.9), colorectal cancer (OR = 1.6), stomach cancer (OR = 1.9), and lung cancer (OR = 1.7). Across-site associations were observed for a family history of 1) breast cancer as a risk factor for ovarian cancer mortality (OR = 1.6), 2) stomach cancer as a risk factor for ovarian cancer mortality (OR = 1.5), and 3) uterine cancer as a risk factor for pancreatic cancer mortality (OR = 1.6). A general pattern of positive associations was observed between a family history of cancer at several sites and subsequent death from pancreatic cancer. These findings support the growing body of evidence from cancer genetics suggesting that inherited cancer-susceptibility genes increase the risk for cancer at many sites and are not specific to cancer risk within a single site.  (+info)

Prognostic significance of extent of disease in bone in patients with androgen-independent prostate cancer. (7/14874)

PURPOSE: To evaluate the prognostic significance of a bone scan index (BSI) based on the weighted proportion of tumor involvement in individual bones, in relation to other factors and to survival in patients with androgen-independent prostate cancer. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Baseline radionuclide bone scans were reviewed in 191 assessable patients with androgen-independent disease who were enrolled onto an open, randomized trial of liarozole versus prednisone. The extent of skeletal involvement was assessed by scoring each scan using the BSI and independently according to the number of metastatic lesions. The relationship of the scored bone involvement to other known prognostic factors was explored in single- and multiple-variable analyses. RESULTS: In single-variable analyses, the pretreatment factors found to be associated with survival were age (P = .0446), performance status (P = .0005), baseline prostate-specific antigen (P = .0001), hemoglobin (P = .0001), alkaline phosphatase (P = .0002), AST (P = .0021), lactate dehydrogenase (P = .0001), and treatment (P = .0098). The extent of osseous disease was significant using both the BSI (P = .0001) and the number of lesions present (P = .0001). In multiple-variable proportional hazards analyses, only BSI, age, hemoglobin, lactate dehydrogenase, and treatment arm were associated with survival. When the patient population was divided into three equal groups, with BSI values of < 1.4%, 1.4% to 5.1%, and > 5.1%, median survivals of 18.3, 15.5, and 8.1 months, respectively, were observed (P = .0079). CONCLUSION: The BSI quantifies the extent of skeletal involvement by tumor. It allows the identification of patients with distinct prognoses for stratification in clinical trials. Further study is needed to assess the utility of serial BSI determinations in monitoring treatment effects. The BSI may be particularly useful in the evaluation of agents for which prostate-specific antigen changes do not reflect clinical outcomes accurately.  (+info)

Hematocrit level and associated mortality in hemodialysis patients. (8/14874)

Although a number of clinical studies have shown that increased hematocrits are associated with improved outcomes in terms of cognitive function, reduced left ventricular hypertrophy, increased exercise tolerance, and improved quality of life, the optimal hematocrit level associated with survival has yet to be determined. The association between hematocrit levels and patient mortality was retrospectively studied in a prevalent Medicare hemodialysis cohort on a national scale. All patients survived a 6-mo entry period during which their hematocrit levels were assessed, from July 1 through December 31, 1993, with follow-up from January 1 through December 31, 1994. Patient comorbid conditions relative to clinical events and severity of disease were determined from Medicare claims data and correlated with the entry period hematocrit level. After adjusting for medical diseases, our results showed that patients with hematocrit levels less than 30% had significantly higher risk of all-cause (12 to 33%) and cause-specific death, compared to patients with hematocrits in the 30% to less than 33% range. Without severity of disease adjustment, patients with hematocrit levels of 33% to less than 36% appear to have the lowest risk for all-cause and cardiac mortality. After adjusting for severity of disease, the impact of hematocrit levels of 33% to less than 36% is vulnerable to the patient sample size but also demonstrates a further 4% reduced risk of death. Overall, these findings suggest that sustained increases in hematocrit levels are associated with improved patient survival.  (+info)

survival - Interval censored Cox proportional hazards model in R - Cross Validatedsurvival - Interval censored Cox proportional hazards model in R - Cross Validated
As stated above, you can use the survreg function. A note though: this is not strictly a Cox PH model, but rather location-scale models. Using the default log-transformation, this is the aft model. In the case of the exponential distribution, the proportional hazards and aft model are equivalent, so if distribution is set to exponential, this is a proportional hazards model with an exponential baseline. Likewise, if a baseline Weibull distribution aft model is used, the parameter estimates are just a linear transformation of those used in the proportional hazards model with Weibull baseline distribution. But in general, survreg does not fit a Cox PH model. If a semi-parametric model is desired, as found implemented in intcox, a word of caution: there are several issues with the current version of intcox (algorithm typically prematurely terminates significantly far from the MLE, fails outright with uncensored observations, no standard errors automatically presented). A new alternative that you ...
Com Ref - Analysis: COXPH - User Guide | Epi Info™ | CDCCom Ref - Analysis: COXPH - User Guide | Epi Info™ | CDC
This command performs Cox-Proportional Hazards and Extended Cox-Proportional Hazards survival analysis. This form of survival analysis relates covariates to failure through hazard ratios. A covariate with a hazard ratio greater than one causes failure. A covariate with a hazard ratio less than one improves survival. Some of the subjects may be unavailable prior to failure; the term "censored" is applied to them. COXPH is especially constructed to deal with this situation. Statistics showing the risk set by group and time can be written to an OUTTABLE for later formatting.. Syntax ...
Physical Activity and Mortality in Individuals With Diabetes Mellitus A Prospective Study and Meta-analysisPhysical Activity and Mortality in Individuals With Diabetes Mellitus A Prospective Study and Meta-analysis
Background: Physical activity (PA) is considered a cornerstone of diabetes mellitus management to prevent complications, but conclusive evidence is lacking. Methods: This prospective cohort study and meta-analysis of existing studies investigated the association between PA and mortality in individuals with diabetes. In the EPIC study (European Prospective Investigation Into Cancer and Nutrition), a cohort was defined of 5859 individuals with diabetes at baseline. Associations of leisure-time and total PA and walking with cardiovascular disease (CVD) and total mortality were studied using multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression models. Fixed-and random-effects meta-analyses of prospective studies published up to December 2010 were pooled with inverse variance weighting. Results: In the prospective analysis, total PA was associated with lower risk of CVD and total mortality. Compared with physically inactive persons, the lowest mortality risk was observed in moderately active persons: ...
Clinical and multiple gene expression variables in survival analysis of breast cancer: Analysis with the hypertabastic survival...Clinical and multiple gene expression variables in survival analysis of breast cancer: Analysis with the hypertabastic survival...
We explore the benefits of applying a new proportional hazard model to analyze survival of breast cancer patients. As a parametric model, the hypertabastic survival model offers a closer fit to experimental data than Cox regression, and furthermore provides explicit survival and hazard functions which can be used as additional tools in the survival analysis. In addition, one of our main concerns is utilization of multiple gene expression variables. Our analysis treats the important issue of interaction of different gene signatures in the survival analysis. The hypertabastic proportional hazards model was applied in survival analysis of breast cancer patients. This model was compared, using statistical measures of goodness of fit, with models based on the semi-parametric Cox proportional hazards model and the parametric log-logistic and Weibull models. The explicit functions for hazard and survival were then used to analyze the dynamic behavior of hazard and survival functions. The hypertabastic model
Validation of a Metastatic Assay using biopsies to improve risk stratification in patients with prostate cancer treated with...Validation of a Metastatic Assay using biopsies to improve risk stratification in patients with prostate cancer treated with...
BackgroundRadiotherapy is an effective treatment for intermediate/high-risk locally-advanced prostate cancer, however, |30% of patients relapse within five years. Clinicopathological parameters currently fail to identify patients prone to systemic relapse and those whom treatment intensification may be beneficial. The purpose of this study was to independently validate the performance of a 70-gene Metastatic Assay in a cohort of diagnostic biopsies from patients treated with radical radiotherapy and androgen deprivation therapy (ADT).Patients & MethodsA bridging cohort of prostate cancer diagnostic biopsy specimens was profiled to enable optimization of the Metastatic Assay threshold prior to further independent clinical validation in a cohort of diagnostic biopsies from patients treated with radical radiotherapy and ADT. Multivariable Cox proportional hazard regression analysis was used to assess assay performance in predicting biochemical failure-free survival (BFFS) and metastasis-free survival (MFS)
SAS Training in the United States -- Survival Analysis Using the Proportional Hazards ModelSAS Training in the United States -- Survival Analysis Using the Proportional Hazards Model
This course discusses survival analysis concepts with an emphasis on health care problems. The course focuses on the Cox proportional hazards model, not the parametric models, and is not designed for predictive modelers.
SAS Training in the United States -- Survival Analysis Using the Proportional Hazards ModelSAS Training in the United States -- Survival Analysis Using the Proportional Hazards Model
This course discusses survival analysis concepts with an emphasis on health care problems. The course focuses on the Cox proportional hazards model, not the parametric models, and is not designed for predictive modelers.
Esophageal cancer in elderly patients - Research - The Capital Region of DenmarkEsophageal cancer in elderly patients - Research - The Capital Region of Denmark
Background: As the aging issue and increased elderly esophageal cancer (EC) patients, we sought to study the clinical characteristics, treatment modality and outcomes of EC patients 70 years or older compared with those younger than 70 years old.. Methods: The national surveillance, epidemiology, and end results (SEER) database for the period from 1973 to 2013 was analyzed. The patient and treatment characteristics were compared between the age groups. Multivariate Cox proportional hazard regression analyses were also performed to identify independent prognostic factors. Propensity-score matching analyses (PSA) regarding survival after different treatments were also performed in locoregional EC.. Results: Compared with the younger group, patients 70 years or older were characterized by having a higher proportion of patients with female gender, white race, localized disease, non-adenocarcinoma and without any treatment, as well as inferior overall survival (OS) [hazard ratio (HR), 1.324] and ...
Plus itPlus it
Background: Periodontal disease, a common disorder of the tissue surrounding and supporting the teeth, is a major cause of tooth loss in adults. Periodontal infection by oral microorganisms may have systemic effects and has been associated with several types of cancer. However, its association with liver cancer has only been examined in two prospective studies, both of which had very small number of liver cancer cases (n , 20).. Methods: We examined the association of tooth loss, as a proxy measure of periodontal infection, with primary liver cancer incidence and chronic liver disease mortality in the Alpha-Tocopherol, Beta-Carotene Cancer Prevention (ATBC) study, a prospective cohort of male Finnish smokers (n = 29,096). Number of permanent teeth lost was assessed at study baseline (1985-1988). We used Cox proportional hazards models to calculate multivariable-adjusted hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). As a sensitivity analysis, we conducted a nested case-control study to ...
Time in Range in Relation to All-Cause and Cardiovascular Mortality in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes: A Prospective Cohort...Time in Range in Relation to All-Cause and Cardiovascular Mortality in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes: A Prospective Cohort...
There is growing evidence linking time in range (TIR), an emerging metric for assessing glycemic control, to diabetes-related outcomes. We aimed to investigate the association between TIR and mortality in patients with type 2 diabetes.A total of 6,225 adult patients with type 2 diabetes were included from January 2005 to December 2015 from a single center in Shanghai, China. TIR was measured with continuous glucose monitoring at baseline, and the participants were stratified into four groups by TIR: ,85%, 71-85%, 51-70%, and ≤50%. Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to estimate the association between different levels of TIR and the risks of all-cause and cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality.The mean age of the participants was 61.7 years at baseline. During a median follow-up of 6.9 years, 838 deaths were identified, 287 of which were due to CVD. The multivariable-adjusted hazard ratios associated with different levels of TIR (,85% [reference group], 71-85%, 51-70%, and ...
Publications | University of Nairobi Personal WebsitesPublications | University of Nairobi Personal Websites
The profiles of patients with fulminant hepatic failure (FHF) from developing countries have not been reported earlier. The current study was conducted prospectively, at a single tertiary care center in India, to document the demographic and clinical characteristics, natural course, and causative profile of patients with FHF as well as to define simple prognostic markers in these patients. Four hundred twenty-three consecutive patients with FHF admitted from January 1987 to June 1993 were included in the study. Each patients serum was tested for various hepatotropic viruses. Univariate Coxs regression for 28 variables, multivariate Coxs proportional hazard regression, stepwise logistic regression, and Kaplan-Meier survival analysis were done to identify independent predictors of outcome at admission. All patients presented with encephalopathy within 4 weeks of onset of symptoms. Hepatotropic viruses were the likely cause in most of these patients. Hepatitis A (HAV), hepatitis B (HBV), ...
MEDLINE - Resultado p gina 1MEDLINE - Resultado p gina 1
OBJECTIVE: Evaluate the incidence and predictors of HIV acquisition from outside partners in serodiscordant couples. METHODS: Demographic, behavioral, and clinical exposures were measured quarterly in a cohort of serodiscordant cohabiting couples in Zambia from 1995 to 2012 (n = 3049). Genetic analysis classified incident infections as those acquired from the study partner (linked) or acquired from an outside partner (unlinked). Factors associated with time to unlinked HIV infection were evaluated using multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression stratified by sex. RESULTS: There were 100 unlinked infections in couples followed for a median of 806 days. Forty-five infections occurred in women [1.85/100 couple-years; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.35 to 2.47]. Risk of female unlinked infection (vs. nonseroconverting females) was associated with reporting being drunk weekly/daily vs. moderate/nondrinkers at baseline [adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) = 5.44; 95% CI: 1.03 to 28.73], genital ulcers ...
FRI0145 The effect of adalimumab on risk of major adverse cardiovascular events in rheumatoid arthritis: A meta-analysis of...FRI0145 The effect of adalimumab on risk of major adverse cardiovascular events in rheumatoid arthritis: A meta-analysis of...
Methods This meta-analysis included data from individual patients with RA randomized to double-blind treatment with combination therapy of ADA+MTX vs. MTX monotherapy in Phase II/III clinical trials (ARMADA, DE019, PREMIER, and OPTIMA [first double-blind period]); the maximum double-blind trial duration was 2 years. All patients who received at least one dose of study drugs were included. The primary outcome was the time from baseline to a MACE, a composite of nonfatal myocardial infarction (MI), nonfatal stroke, and CV death. These component events were also studied separately. Events were adjudicated by a blinded external panel of 2 cardiologists and 1 neurologist. Times to events were compared between the ADA+MTX and MTX arms using Kaplan-Meier estimates of the cumulative risk and Cox proportional-hazards models stratified by trial. The sequential Holm procedure was used to account for testing of each MACE component. Multivariable Cox models were also applied, with stratification by trial and ...
SVR Improves Mortality 3-Fold - Association Between Sustained Virological Response and All-Cause Mortality Among Patients With...SVR Improves Mortality 3-Fold - Association Between Sustained Virological Response and All-Cause Mortality Among Patients With...
Thirteen patients (7%) with SVR and 100 patients (30%) without SVR died after prolonged follow-up of our cohort, which was more than 4 times the number of deaths registered during the first data collection (n = 2 among patients with SVR and n = 24 among patients without SVR).11 There was a significant difference in the cumulative 10-year mortality rate between patients with SVR (8.9%; 95% CI, 3.3%-14.5%) and without SVR (26.0%; 95% CI, 20.2%-28.4%; P < .001) (Figure). Cox proportional hazards regression analysis showed that SVR was associated with a statistically significant reduction in the hazard of overall death (adjusted hazard ratio [HR], 0.26; 95% CI, 0.14-0.49; P < .001) (Table 3, model 1). Other baseline factors significantly associated with all-cause mortality in multivariate analysis were older age, HCV genotype 3 infection, higher Ishak fibrosis score, presence of diabetes, and a history of severe alcohol use. Patients with HCV genotype 3 infection were younger (median [IQR] age, 44 ...
Correlation of infusion-related reactions (IRR) and outcome in patients receiving NGR-HTNF treatment | OncologyPROCorrelation of infusion-related reactions (IRR) and outcome in patients receiving NGR-HTNF treatment | OncologyPRO
Background NGR-hTNF (asn-gly-arg-human tumor necrosis factor) induces systemic release of cytokines and intratumoral infiltration of effector T cells. Intravenous infusion of NGR-hTNF is characterized by onset of IRR, mostly consisting of transient grade 1-2 chills. Incidence, predictors of development, and relationships with outcome of IRR were assessed across 5 phase 2 single-arm trials of NGR-hTNF.. Methods 205 patients (pts) with solid tumors received NGR-hTNF 0.8 µg/m2 every 3 weeks (q3w) given either alone in colon cancer (n = 45), liver cancer (n = 40), and mesothelioma (n = 55), or with doxorubicin in small-cell lung cancer (n = 28) and ovarian cancer (n = 37). Tumor assessment by RECIST was done q6w until progressive disease (PD). Logistic and Cox proportional-hazards regression models were used to analyze associations between IRR and outcome, in terms of response rate (RR, complete and partial response), disease control rate (DCR, rate of pts without PD at 6 weeks), and ...
Potential effect of various immunocompetent cells from | Open-iPotential effect of various immunocompetent cells from | Open-i
Potential effect of various immunocompetent cells from ascitic fluid on overall survival calculated using Cox proportional-hazards regression model
存活分析（Survival analysis）介紹Ⅳ－Cox proportional hazard model (Cox regression)~晨晰統計林星帆顧問整理 @ 晨晰統計部落格新站（統計、SPSS、BIG DATA討論園地） :: 痞客邦...存活分析（Survival analysis）介紹Ⅳ－Cox proportional hazard model (Cox regression)~晨晰統計林星帆顧問整理 @ 晨晰統計部落格新站（統計、SPSS、BIG DATA討論園地） :: 痞客邦...
在先前的三篇文章已經有介紹存活分析（Survival analysis）的使用時機、如何繪製存活曲線圖（Kaplan-Meier curve），以及如何比較「組別」之間的存活曲線是否有顯著差異（Log
name: T. Obel found 1 record • Arctic Healthname:" T. Obel" found 1 record • Arctic Health
From 1993 to 1997, 27?148 men and 29?863 women, aged 50 to 64 year, were recruited into the Danish prospective study Diet, Cancer and Health. During 11.9 years of follow-up we identified 2028 cases of incident MI (1487 men and 541 women). BMI, waist circumference (WC), hip circumference and BIA of body composition including body fat mass (BFM), body fat percentage and LBM were measured at baseline. We used Cox proportional hazard models with age as time axis and performed extensive control for confounding. Weight, BMI, classical estimates of abdominal obesity and BIA estimates of obesity showed significant positive associations with incident MI. However, BFM adjusted for WC showed no association. Low LBM was associated with a higher risk of incident MI in both genders, and high LBM was associated with a higher risk in men ...
Clinical Application of Liquid Biopsies for Disease Monitoring and Understanding Therapeutic Resistance in Metastatic Breast...Clinical Application of Liquid Biopsies for Disease Monitoring and Understanding Therapeutic Resistance in Metastatic Breast...
Purpose Biomarkers for early detection of disease progression in MBC are urgently needed. We explored on-treatment increase in ctDNA fraction as an early prognostic biomarker of subsequent disease progression. Methods Eighty four paired samples from 70 patients with MBC were analyzed for levels of ctDNA, CEA, and CA 15-3. Baseline specimens were collected at the time of initiation of a new line of therapy and on-treatment specimens were obtained 4-12 weeks later. Each patient underwent a CT scan of chest, abdomen and pelvis on 4-16 weeks (on average 7 weeks) later. Sequencing panel of 73 genes was used to quantify ctDNA. Genomic progression was predefined as an increase ≥25% in total MAF from baseline to on-treatment, in patients with MBC. Progression Free Survival (PFS) was estimated using univariate and multivariate Cox proportional hazards models, adjusting for tumor hormonal status, age at metastatic diagnosis, time elapsed and number of prior therapies received. Results Tumor-specific ...
STAT 311: Applied Survival Analysis: Mathematics and Statistics: Loyola University ChicagoSTAT 311: Applied Survival Analysis: Mathematics and Statistics: Loyola University Chicago
Description: This course focuses on methods for analyzing time-to-event data. This course will explore non-parametric methods for analyzing time-to-event data like Life tables, the Kaplan-Meier method, the Nelson-Aalen method and the log-rank test. This course will also explore semi-parametric models such as the Cox proportional hazards regression models and parametric models inlcuding exponential, Weibull and log-logistic regression model ...
Partially linear single index Cox regression model in nested case-control studiesPartially linear single index Cox regression model in nested case-control studies
The nested case-control (NCC) design is widely used in epidemiologic studies as a cost-effective subcohort sampling method to study the association between a disease and its potential risk factors. NCC data are commonly analyzed using Thomas partial likelihood approach under the Cox proportional hazards model assumption. However, the linear modeling form in the Cox model may be insufficient for practical applications, especially when there are a large number of risk factors under investigation. In this paper, we consider a partially linear single index proportional hazards model, which includes a linear component for covariates of interest to yield easily interpretable results and a nonparametric single index component to adjust for multiple confounders effectively. We propose to approximate the nonparametric single index function by polynomial splines and estimate the parameters of interest using an iterative algorithm based on the partial likelihood. Asymptotic properties of the resulting ...
IsomerasesIsomerases
Supplementary MaterialsFigure S1: Immunological properties from the materials presented in desk S1. (1.2M) GUID:?47640B6B-0287-4C90-B672-118435E94B5F Amount S2: TNF- creation by individual macrophage-like THP-1 cells subsequent incubation with amphiphiles 1C21. TC supernatants had been supervised for cytokine creation via ELISA, and email address details are reported in pg/mL. All scholarly research were performed in two unbiased natural… Continue reading Supplementary MaterialsFigure S1: Immunological properties from the materials presented in desk. ...
Early presence of anti-angiogenesis-related adverse events as a potential biomarker of antitumor efficacy in metastatic gastric...Early presence of anti-angiogenesis-related adverse events as a potential biomarker of antitumor efficacy in metastatic gastric...
Reliable biomarkers of apatinib response in gastric cancer (GC) are lacking. We investigated the association between early presence of common adverse events (AEs) and clinical outcomes in metastatic GC patients. We conducted a retrospective cohort study using data on 269 apatinib-treated GC patients in two clinical trials. AEs were assessed at baseline until 28 days after the last dose of apatinib. Clinical outcomes were compared between patients with and without hypertension (HTN), proteinuria, or hand and foot syndrome (HFS) in the first 4 weeks. Time-to-event variables were assessed using Kaplan-Meier methods and Cox proportional hazard regression models. Binary endpoints were assessed using logistic regression models. Landmark analyses were performed as sensitivity analyses. Predictive model was analyzed, and risk scores were calculated to predict overall survival. Presence of AEs in the first 4 weeks was associated with prolonged median overall survival (169 vs. 103 days, log-rank p = 0.0039;
Hazard function synonyms, Hazard function antonyms - FreeThesaurus.comHazard function synonyms, Hazard function antonyms - FreeThesaurus.com
Synonyms for Hazard function in Free Thesaurus. Antonyms for Hazard function. 108 synonyms for function: purpose, business, job, concern, use, part, office, charge, role, post, operation, situation, activity, exercise, responsibility.... What are synonyms for Hazard function?
Category: Survival analysisCategory: Survival analysis
6. Stats: More than 90% censored values (April 22, 2005). Someone asked me about running a Cox proportional hazards regression model when over 90% of the observations were censored. That means (if the outcome of interest was death), that your research subjects did not cooperate and die fast enough. Good news from the patients perspective, but bad news for the statistician. 90% censored observations is not a problem, though, as long as your sample size is adequate. As a rough rule of thumb, you need to have 25 to 50 events (uncensored observations) in each treatment group to have reasonable precision. Of course, if you have fewer events, the model is still valid, but your confidence intervals may end up being wider than youd really like.. 5. Stats: Stratified Cox regression models (March 22, 2005). Someone sent me an email asking about a Cox regression model that included a strata for clinics. Whats the best way to handle strata? Thats a tricky question to answer. The first question you might ...
JoVE Author Search: Caan BJJoVE Author Search: Caan BJ
Cancer, Breast, Breast Cancer, Mortality, Recurrence, Risk, Diagnosis, Women, Association, Survivors, Survival, Associations, Cox Proportional Hazards Models, Hazards Models, Prognosis, Proportional Hazards Models, Health, Confidence Intervals, Recurrences, Physical Activity
R: Fit Proportional Hazards Regression ModelR: Fit Proportional Hazards Regression Model
Create the simplest test data set # test1 ,- list(time= c(4, 3,1,1,2,2,3), status=c(1,NA,1,0,1,1,0), x= c(0, 2,1,1,1,0,0), sex= c(0, 0,0,0,1,1,1)) coxph( Surv(time, status) ~ x + strata(sex), test1) #stratified model # # Create a simple data set for a time-dependent model # test2 ,- list(start=c(1, 2, 5, 2, 1, 7, 3, 4, 8, 8), stop =c(2, 3, 6, 7, 8, 9, 9, 9,14,17), event=c(1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0, 0), x =c(1, 0, 0, 1, 0, 1, 1, 1, 0, 0) ) summary( coxph( Surv(start, stop, event) ~ x, test2 ...
Research@KIHASA: 장기요양 인정자의 최초 재가급여 선택과 유지 및 이탈에 대한 영향요인: Aging in Place 지원을 위한 탐색[email protected]: 장기요양 인정자의 최초 재가급여 선택과 유지 및 이탈에 대한 영향요인: Aging in Place 지원을 위한 탐색
By adapting survival analysis on the staying at home of qualified recipients for long-term care, this paper attempts to empirically clarify what factors contribute to staying at home as long as possible. Using the National Health Insurance Services Long-Term Care Qualification Longitudinal Survey (2008-2015), this paper analyzed the factors contributing to the initial benefit selection and at-home survival rate. The results of the factor analysis showed that the probability of choosing home care was higher for males, lower age group, having family caregivers. On the other hand, in the case of dementia, the probability of choosing institutional care was high. As a result of the life table analysis, it was found that 13.1% of the initial home care users changed to institutional care, and about 71% of the moves take place between 2 and 4 years. The Cox proportional hazards regression model analysis showed that the likelihood of withdrawal from home care was higher: for women, for older, for those ...
Research@KIHASA: 장기요양 인정자의 최초 재가급여 선택과 유지 및 이탈에 대한 영향요인: Aging in Place 지원을 위한 탐색[email protected]: 장기요양 인정자의 최초 재가급여 선택과 유지 및 이탈에 대한 영향요인: Aging in Place 지원을 위한 탐색
By adapting survival analysis on the staying at home of qualified recipients for long-term care, this paper attempts to empirically clarify what factors contribute to staying at home as long as possible. Using the National Health Insurance Services Long-Term Care Qualification Longitudinal Survey (2008-2015), this paper analyzed the factors contributing to the initial benefit selection and at-home survival rate. The results of the factor analysis showed that the probability of choosing home care was higher for males, lower age group, having family caregivers. On the other hand, in the case of dementia, the probability of choosing institutional care was high. As a result of the life table analysis, it was found that 13.1% of the initial home care users changed to institutional care, and about 71% of the moves take place between 2 and 4 years. The Cox proportional hazards regression model analysis showed that the likelihood of withdrawal from home care was higher: for women, for older, for those ...
Applying Cox regression to competing risksApplying Cox regression to competing risks
Two methods are given for the joint estimation of parameters in models for competing risks in survival analysis. In both cases Coxs proportional hazards regression model is fitted using a data duplication method. In principle either method can be used for any number of different failure types, assu …
Wernroth, LisaWernroth, Lisa
IMPORTANCE The association between early exposure to animals and type 1 diabetes in childhood is not clear. OBJECTIVE To determine whether exposure to dogs during the first year of life is associated with the development of type 1 diabetes in childhood. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS A nationwide cohort study utilizing high-quality Swedish national demographic and health registers was conducted. A total of 840 593 children born in Sweden from January 1, 2001, to December 31, 2010, were evaluated. Type 1 diabetes was identified using diagnosis codes from hospitals and dispensed prescriptions of insulin. Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to assess the association between exposure to dogs and risk of type 1 diabetes in childhood. The possible association was further investigated by performing dose-response and breed group-specific analyses. The cohort was followed up until September 30, 2012. Data analysis was conducted from October 15, 2015, to February 8, 2017. EXPOSURES ...
AFib Patients Who Exercise Lower Mortality Risk, Live Longer: StudyAFib Patients Who Exercise Lower Mortality Risk, Live Longer: Study
A new study isuggests that people with atrial fibrillation who exercise have a reduced risk for cardiovascular disease and all-cause mortality.
Pushpa Publishing HousePushpa Publishing House
In survival data analysis, the aim of fitting a Coxs proportional hazards (Coxs PH) model is to estimate the effect of covariates on the baseline hazard function. However, Coxs PH model makes a number of assumptions, which may be violated in many applications. Applying Coxs PH model without ensuring that its underlying assumptions are validated can lead to negative consequences on the resulting estimates. In this article, a generalization of the Coxs PH model in terms of the increment in cumulative hazard function taking a form similar to the Coxs PH model, with the extension that the increment in baseline cumulative hazard function is raised to a power function. The problem of parameter estimation for the parameters in that generalization of Coxs PH model will be solved using Bayesian inference. When the increment in cumulative hazard function is a gamma process, the likelihood has a semi-closed form, which allows posterior sampling to be carried out for the parameters, hence achieving ...
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LB-371 The relationship between socioeconomic status (SES) and health has long been of interest to epidemiologists and social policy makers. We prospectively examined the association between SES and the risk of developing first primary cancers in the NIH-AARP Study, a cohort of 498,447 50-71 year olds without cancer at enrollment in 1995/96. We used highest attained education, reported at baseline, as a proxy for SES. During 5 years of follow-up, 34,955 cancers were identified in 8 state cancer registries. Cox proportional hazards models were utilized to estimate relative risks (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (95%CI) for subjects who did not complete high school compared to those with post-graduate education, stratified by sex. In age adjusted models, men with lower educational attainment had significantly increased risks of developing cancers of the lung (RR:4.27; 95% CI:3.64-5.00), head and neck (RR:1.88; 95%CI:1.38-2.58), esophagus (RR:3.34; 95% CI:2.13-5.23), stomach (RR:2.60; ...
Time-dependent mediators in survival analysis: Modeling direct and indirect effects with the additive hazards model -...Time-dependent mediators in survival analysis: Modeling direct and indirect effects with the additive hazards model -...
We discuss causal mediation analyses for survival data and propose a new approach based on the additive hazards model. The emphasis is on a dynamic point of view, that is, understanding how the direct and indirect effects develop over time. Hence, importantly, we allow for a time varying mediator. To define direct and indirect effects in such a longitudinal survival setting we take an interventional approach (Didelez, 2018) where treatment is separated into one aspect affecting the mediator and a different aspect affecting survival. In general, this leads to a version of the nonparametric g-formula (Robins, 1986). In the present paper, we demonstrate that combining the g-formula with the additive hazards model and a sequential linear model for the mediator process results in simple and interpretable expressions for direct and indirect effects in terms of relative survival as well as cumulative hazards. Our results generalize and formalize the method of dynamic path analysis (Fosen, Ferkingstad, Borgan,
The time to degree or dropout amongst full-time masters students at University of KwaZulu-NatalThe time to degree or dropout amongst full-time master's students at University of KwaZulu-Natal
where X1, X2,...,Xp denote a set of p explanatory variables that help to form this hazard rate at time t.. The coefficients, βk1,βk2,...,βkp for k=1,2,... can be estimated using a maximum likelihood methodology. The results obtained can be interpreted in much the same way as the results for a Cox proportional hazards model. More specifically, a positive valued estimate for βkj would suggest that an increase in the value of the variable j increases the hazard rate associated with the occurrence of the cause specific outcome k (i.e. shortens the length of time until the event occurs). Similarly, a negative valued estimate for βkj would suggest that an increase in the value of variable j decreases the hazard rate associated with the occurrence of the cause specific outcome k (i.e. lengthens the time until occurrence of the event). The fitted model results along with their p-values are presented in Table 2. For all analyses, SAS software was used; p≤0.05 was considered statistically ...
Most recent papers with the keyword Health and fitness | Read by QxMDMost recent papers with the keyword Health and fitness | Read by QxMD
Type 2 diabetes is increasing globally and in Asia. The purpose of this study was to examine the association of a fit-fat index (FFI) with diabetes incidence among Japanese men. In total 5,014 men aged 18-64 years old, who had an annual health check up with no history of major chronic disease at baseline from 2002 to 2009 were observed. CRF was estimated via cycle ergometry. Overall, 7.6% of the men developed diabetes. The mean follow-up period was 5.3 years. Hazard ratios, 95% confidence intervals and P trend for diabetes incidence were obtained using the Cox proportional hazards model while adjusting for confounding variables ...
Most recent papers with the keyword CRF | Read by QxMDMost recent papers with the keyword CRF | Read by QxMD
Type 2 diabetes is increasing globally and in Asia. The purpose of this study was to examine the association of a fit-fat index (FFI) with diabetes incidence among Japanese men. In total 5,014 men aged 18-64 years old, who had an annual health check up with no history of major chronic disease at baseline from 2002 to 2009 were observed. CRF was estimated via cycle ergometry. Overall, 7.6% of the men developed diabetes. The mean follow-up period was 5.3 years. Hazard ratios, 95% confidence intervals and P trend for diabetes incidence were obtained using the Cox proportional hazards model while adjusting for confounding variables ...
Qing Pan and Doug Schaubel, Lauréats du prix de La revue canadienne de statistique 2009 | Société statistique du CanadaQing Pan and Doug Schaubel, Lauréats du prix de La revue canadienne de statistique 2009 | Société statistique du Canada
The paper, titled "Proportional hazards models based on biased samples and estimated selection probabilities," was published in Vol. 36, No. 1, 2008, pp. 111-127.. Unrepresentative samples are common in observational studies and often lead to biased parameter estimates. The authors propose a two-stage inverse-probability-of-selection weighted proportional hazards model, using weights estimated from auxiliary information on the sampling process. The estimation of the weights is explicitly incorporated into the inference procedures, which leads to gains in efficiency relative to existing methods that treat the weights as fixed. The method is widely applicable from epidemiologic to ecological studies. Through the proposed methods, Pan and Schaubel demonstrate that the increased failure risk associated with expanded criteria on donor kidneys is greatly underestimated by previous analyses which did not account for the inherent bias introduced by the acceptance/discard process.. Dr. Pan is an ...
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Methods: A cohort of 517,996 Korean adults, who did not have liver cancer at baseline and attended a health screening including free thyroxine (FT4) and TSH, were followed for up to 16 years. High and low TSH and FT4 were defined as those above the upper bound of reference interval and those below the lower bound of reference interval of their corresponding reference intervals, respectively. Mortality information was ascertained through National Death Records. The adjusted HR (aHR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) were estimated using a Cox proportional hazard model. ...
Longer Life Foundation : Cancer Patient-Specific Prognostic InformationLonger Life Foundation : Cancer Patient-Specific Prognostic Information
The goal of this project is to develop an interactive, Web-based Prognostigram program for adult patients with newly diagnosed cancer. The prognostic program creates individualized survival curves based on the Cox Proportional Hazards model of survival data from Barnes-Jewish Hospital (BJH) Oncology Data Services (ODS) and SEER*Stat (National Cancer Institute, Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Software package). This program also includes important comorbid health information. Patient and physician focus groups were held to explore the utility of the program. Overall, both groups felt the program was informative and easy to use. Specific suggestions for improvement were made ... Read the full Final Report.. ...
r - Using strata instead of stratifying groups separately? - Cross Validatedr - Using strata instead of stratifying groups separately? - Cross Validated
In a standard Cox model you assume that all subjects share the same hazard (which can vary as a function of time) except for a (multiplicative) effect of their covariates. This is the proportional hazard assumption,. $\lambda(t\mid X) = \lambda_0(t)\exp(X^T\beta),$. where $\lambda(t\mid X)$ is the hazard function for a subject with covariates $X$.. In a stratified model, you allow the baseline hazard to vary between strata, just like it would if you fitted separate models, but you restrict the effect of the covariates to be the same for each strata. For each subject in strata $i$, you have. $\lambda_i(t\mid X) = \lambda_{0i}(t)\exp(X^T\beta).$. Note that there is no $i$ on the $\beta$ vector. If you fit separate models for each straum, you would have. $\lambda_i(t\mid X) = \lambda_{0i}(t)\exp(X^T\beta_i),$. which is the most general model (of these three models).. ...
CiteSeerX - Generalized Additive ModelsCiteSeerX - Generalized Additive Models
CiteSeerX - Document Details (Isaac Councill, Lee Giles, Pradeep Teregowda): Likelihood based regression models, such as the normal linear regression model and the linear logistic model, assume a linear (or some other parametric) form for the covariate effects. We introduce the Local Scotinq procedure which replaces the liner form C Xjpj by a sum of smooth functions C Sj(Xj)a The Sj(.) s are unspecified functions that are estimated using scatterplot smoothers. The technique is applicable to any likelihood-based regression model: the class of Generalized Linear Models contains many of these. In this class, the Locul Scoring procedure replaces the linear predictor VI = C [email protected] by the additive predictor C ai ( hence, the name Generalized Additive Modeb. Local Scoring can also be applied to non-standard models like Coxs proportional hazards model for survival data. In a number of real data examples, the Local Scoring procedure proves to be useful in uncovering non-linear covariate effects. It has the
Development and validation of a prediction rule for recurrent vascular events based on a cohort study of patients with arterial...Development and validation of a prediction rule for recurrent vascular events based on a cohort study of patients with arterial...
Results Three Cox proportional hazards models for prediction of 10-year recurrent vascular event risk were developed based on age and sex in addition to clinical parameters (model A), carotid ultrasound findings (model B) or both (model C). Clinical parameters were medical history, current smoking, systolic blood pressure and laboratory biomarkers. In a separate part of the dataset, the concordance statistic of model A was 0.68 (95% CI 0.64 to 0.71), compared to 0.64 (0.61 to 0.68) for model B and 0.68 (0.65 to 0.72) for model C. Goodness-of-fit and calibration of model A were adequate, also in separate subgroups of patients having coronary, cerebrovascular, peripheral artery or aneurysmal disease. Model A predicted ,20% risk in 59% of patients, 20-30% risk in 19% and ,30% risk in 23%.. ...
Applied Survival Analysis by Hosmer, Lemeshow and MayChapter 4: Interpretation of a Fitted Proportional Hazards Regression...Applied Survival Analysis by Hosmer, Lemeshow and MayChapter 4: Interpretation of a Fitted Proportional Hazards Regression...
get file =C:Dataasa2gbcs.sav. compute hormonexnodes = (hormone-1)*nodes. exe. coxreg rectime with nodes hormone hormonexnodes /status=censrec(1) /method = enter hormone nodes hormonexnodes /print = corr. data list free /nodes. begin data 0 1 3 5 7 9 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 end data. *Creating the variance and covariance matrix. compute #vn = .008**2. compute #vh = .164**2. compute #vhxn = .015**2. compute #cov_n_h = .291*sqrt((#vn)*(#vh)). compute #cov_n_hxn =-.529*sqrt((#vn)*(#vhxn)). compute #cov_h_hxn =-.643*sqrt((#vh)*(#vhxn)). compute log_hr = -.606 + nodes*(.038). compute se = sqrt(#vh + nodes**2*(#vhxn) + 2*nodes*#cov_h_hxn). compute log_hr_l = log_hr - 1.96*se. compute log_hr_u = log_hr + 1.96*se. exe. graph /scatterplot(overlay) = nodes nodes nodes with log_hr log_hr_l log_hr_u (pair). ...
Survival Analysis I - Dalla Lana School of Public HealthDalla Lana School of Public HealthSurvival Analysis I - Dalla Lana School of Public HealthDalla Lana School of Public Health
Concepts, models and techniques in survival analysis including types of censoring and truncation, Kaplan-Meier estimators, log-rank statistics, parametric models, proportional hazards models, extended PH models, competing risks, recurrent events and frailty models ...
clicode :: In accordance for the CDC all the screening strategies usedclicode :: In accordance for the CDC all the screening strategies used
Inside a multivariate evaluation thinking about T stage, N stage, and histological subtype as co variables making use of Coxs proportional hazard regression model, TGase two expression was considerably associated with shorter DFS. In the non adenocarcinoma subtype, robust TGase two expression also was drastically connected with shorter DFS. In addition, a multivariate ana lysis to the non adenocarcinoma subtype looking at histologic kind, differentiation, and clinical stage as co variables, also showed powerful TGase two expression to become significantly correlated with shorter DFS, as indicated in Extra File three, Table S1. Inside the male NSCLC subgroups, strong TGase 2 expression was drastically linked to shorter DFS, however the association, according on the multi variate examination, was not significant. Discussion Preceding reports have posited cisplatin and doxor ubicin resistance roles for TGase two in NSCLC cells. During the present research, we showed that TGase two down regu lation ...
JoVE Author Search: Alonso%7CRenedo JJoVE Author Search: Alonso%7CRenedo J
Adults, Association, Blood, Blood Cell, Cell, Death, Hazard Model, Measure, Mortality, Patients, Person, Probability, Proportional Hazard Model, Red Blood Cell, Regression, Risk, Risk Factors, Survival
NYC ASA: MSKCC Seminar January 30, 2008NYC ASA: MSKCC Seminar January 30, 2008
Dr. Zhang will discuss some literature review and simulation results about frailty models and random effects based on the paper, "Proportional hazards models with frailties and random effects," by John OQuigley and Janez Stare, (Statistics in Medicine, 2002, 21:3219-3233). ...
What is an activity hazard analysis? | Reference.comWhat is an activity hazard analysis? | Reference.com
An activity hazard analysis is a report that includes injury and illness programs directly related to supervision quality, understanding of work hazards, a properly trained workforce, and a safe work...
Regression dilutionRegression dilution
Survival analysisSurvival analysis
Mare reproductive loss syndromeMare reproductive loss syndrome
Customer attritionCustomer attrition
MulticollinearityMulticollinearity
Health effects of tobaccoHealth effects of tobacco
MedCalcMedCalc
Nested case-control studyNested case-control study
Kaplan-Meier estimatorKaplan-Meier estimator
Poisson regressionPoisson regression
Log-rank testLog-rank test
Новый Палгрейв: словарь по экономике - ВикипедияНовый Палгрейв: словарь по экономике - Википедия
Randomized controlled trialRandomized controlled trial
Nancy FlournoyNancy Flournoy
David Cox (statistician)David Cox (statistician)
Cinnabar mothCinnabar moth
Formica polyctenaFormica polyctena
Likelihood functionLikelihood function
Probability of defaultProbability of default
Compensation law of mortalityCompensation law of mortality
OverfittingOverfitting
One in ten ruleOne in ten rule
CoxCox
Ordinal regressionOrdinal regression
Focused information criterionFocused information criterion
List of statistics articlesList of statistics articles
Medical statisticsMedical statistics
Zhang ZhaohuanZhang Zhaohuan
DemographyDemography
List of important publications in statisticsList of important publications in statistics
Level of measurementLevel of measurement
Mann-Whitney U testMann-Whitney U test
Developing countryDeveloping country
Coaxial cableCoaxial cable
Isotonic regressionIsotonic regression
BiodieselBiodiesel
Probability distributionProbability distribution
Opinion pollOpinion poll
Wave powerWave power
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Random assignmentRandom assignment
LightingLighting
Students t-testStudent's t-test
Static electricityStatic electricity
Structural equation modelingStructural equation modeling
Design of experimentsDesign of experiments
Radiation protectionRadiation protection
Blinded experimentBlinded experiment
Dominican RepublicDominican Republic
Electromagnetic radiationElectromagnetic radiation
International Monetary FundInternational Monetary Fund
StatisticsStatistics
Bulletproof vestBulletproof vest
Electromagnetic spectrumElectromagnetic spectrum
Cinnabar mothCinnabar moth
Decomposition of time seriesDecomposition of time series
Bayes estimatorBayes estimator
Principal component analysisPrincipal component analysis
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Proportional Hazards ModelsRisk FactorsCohort StudiesFollow-Up StudiesProspective StudiesPrognosisSurvival AnalysisKaplan-Meier EstimateIncidenceRetrospective StudiesSurvival RateMultivariate AnalysisRisk AssessmentTime FactorsTreatment OutcomePredictive Value of TestsUnited StatesRiskCause of DeathAge FactorsNeoplasm StagingConfidence IntervalsDisease-Free SurvivalLongitudinal StudiesMortalityBreast NeoplasmsCardiovascular DiseasesRegistriesJapanSEER ProgramSmokingQuestionnairesSex FactorsDisease ProgressionNeoplasm Recurrence, LocalConfounding Factors (Epidemiology)Tumor Markers, BiologicalKidney Failure, ChronicStrokeComorbidityRecurrenceBody Mass IndexEuropean Continental Ancestry GroupProstatic NeoplasmsChi-Square DistributionOdds RatioMyocardial InfarctionRenal DialysisTaiwanCoronary DiseaseBiological MarkersSeverity of Illness IndexColorectal NeoplasmsLung NeoplasmsLymphatic MetastasisEpidemiologic MethodsPostmenopauseDietHIV InfectionsHeart FailureHospitalizationNeoplasmsAfrican AmericansSwedenRegression AnalysisAdenocarcinomaAge DistributionCoffeeModels, StatisticalAlcohol DrinkingDiabetes Mellitus, Type 2Combined Modality TherapyFinlandAntiretroviral Therapy, Highly ActiveAnalysis of VarianceCD4 Lymphocyte CountCaliforniaDiabetes MellitusVegetablesPropensity ScoreChemotherapy, AdjuvantDatabases, FactualSex DistributionCase-Control StudiesLogistic ModelsAfrican Continental Ancestry GroupDenmarkHypertensionSurvivalProbabilityWomen's HealthFood HabitsProstate-Specific AntigenLife StyleHip FracturesLiver NeoplasmsDiabetes ComplicationsSocioeconomic FactorsTreatment FailureAge of OnsetProstatectomyRandomized Controlled Trials as TopicGenotypeChinaCarcinoma, Squamous CellOvarian NeoplasmsReceptors, EstrogenResidence CharacteristicsAnti-HIV AgentsDementiaBiometryPrevalenceFruitEndometrial NeoplasmsImmunohistochemistryMulticenter Studies as TopicHealth SurveysStomach NeoplasmsDiet SurveysLife TablesCarcinoma, HepatocellularNeoplasm GradingEstrogen Replacement TherapyEsophageal NeoplasmsNetherlandsReceptors, Progesteronebeta CaroteneVeteransMinnesotaNeoplasm InvasivenessROC CurveCoronary Artery DiseaseAgingGlomerular Filtration RateCarcinoma, Non-Small-Cell LungData Interpretation, StatisticalKidney NeoplasmsAntineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy ProtocolsCreatinineOutcome Assessment (Health Care)Polymorphism, Single NucleotideReproducibility of ResultsMedicareRadiotherapy, AdjuvantDeath, Sudden, CardiacDeathPancreatic NeoplasmsBrain NeoplasmsBlood PressureDairy ProductsC-Reactive ProteinEuropeSurvivorsNeoplasm MetastasisNational Institutes of Health (U.S.)MenopauseEthnic GroupsReproductive HistoryCarcinoma, Renal CellNomogramsChronic DiseaseObesityBiostatisticsDouble-Blind MethodPregnancyGenetic Predisposition to DiseasePopulation SurveillanceDietary SupplementsNeoplasms, Second PrimaryBias (Epidemiology)Peritoneal DialysisPeripheral Arterial DiseaseGermanyColonic NeoplasmsHydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase InhibitorsGraft SurvivalPostoperative ComplicationsEducational StatusFractures, BoneOccupational ExposureOccupational DiseasesKidney TransplantationBritish ColumbiaNorwayKidney DiseasesAsian Continental Ancestry GroupHawaiiAdenocarcinoma, MucinousInfant, NewbornCarcinomaCanadaMorbidityKarnofsky Performance StatusViral LoadNeoplasms, Glandular and EpithelialNursesContinental Population GroupsMelanomaOsteoporotic FracturesReoperationComputer Simulation
R: Fit Proportional Hazards Regression ModelR: Fit Proportional Hazards Regression Model
survival - Interval censored Cox proportional hazards model in R - Cross Validatedsurvival - Interval censored Cox proportional hazards model in R - Cross Validated
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A Semiparametric Bootstrap for Proportional Hazards Models | SpringerLinkA Semiparametric Bootstrap for Proportional Hazards Models | SpringerLink
Proportional hazards model - WikipediaProportional hazards model - Wikipedia
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st: proportional hazard assumption in parametric survival modelsst: proportional hazard assumption in parametric survival models
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Proportional Hazards Models - Semantic ScholarProportional Hazards Models - Semantic Scholar
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JRFM | Free Full-Text | Validation of the Merton Distance to the Default Model under Ambiguity | HTMLJRFM | Free Full-Text | Validation of the Merton Distance to the Default Model under Ambiguity | HTML
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On the proportional hazards model for occupational and environmental case-control analyses | BMC Medical Research Methodology |...On the proportional hazards model for occupational and environmental case-control analyses | BMC Medical Research Methodology |...
The Impact of Preoperative Thrombolysis on Long-Term Survival After Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting | CirculationThe Impact of Preoperative Thrombolysis on Long-Term Survival After Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting | Circulation
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mixPHM: Mixtures of Proportional Hazard Models version 0.7-2 from CRANmixPHM: Mixtures of Proportional Hazard Models version 0.7-2 from CRAN
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Diagnostic Plots for Cox Proportional Hazards Model with ggplot2 - ggcoxdiagnostics • survminerDiagnostic Plots for Cox Proportional Hazards Model with ggplot2 - ggcoxdiagnostics • survminer
Modeling Probabilities of Default with Cox Proportional Hazards - MATLAB & Simulink - MathWorks SwitzerlandModeling Probabilities of Default with Cox Proportional Hazards - MATLAB & Simulink - MathWorks Switzerland
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Applications of Multivariate Mixed Proportional Hazard Models in Labor and Population EconomicsApplications of Multivariate Mixed Proportional Hazard Models in Labor and Population Economics
Professor Gerard Van den Berg - School of Economics, Finance and Management publicationsProfessor Gerard Van den Berg - School of Economics, Finance and Management publications
Modelling of Credit Risk: Random Forests versus Cox Proportional Hazard Regression :: Science Publishing GroupModelling of Credit Risk: Random Forests versus Cox Proportional Hazard Regression :: Science Publishing Group
Research Keyword Faculty Listing | Yale School of MedicineResearch Keyword Faculty Listing | Yale School of Medicine
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Estimating and Interpreting Effects from Nonlinear Exposure-Response Curves in Occupational Cohorts Using Truncated Power Basis...Estimating and Interpreting Effects from Nonlinear Exposure-Response Curves in Occupational Cohorts Using Truncated Power Basis...
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NIOSHTIC-2 Publications Search - 20034817 - Psychosocial factors and shoulder symptom development among workers.NIOSHTIC-2 Publications Search - 20034817 - Psychosocial factors and shoulder symptom development among workers.
Estimation of Population Based Colorectal Cancer Survival Analysis Using Cox Proportional Hazards Model :: Science Publishing...Estimation of Population Based Colorectal Cancer Survival Analysis Using Cox Proportional Hazards Model :: Science Publishing...
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Effects of ventricular conduction block patterns on mortality in hospitalized patients with dilated cardiomyopathy: a single...Effects of ventricular conduction block patterns on mortality in hospitalized patients with dilated cardiomyopathy: a single...
Module catalogue, Student home, The University of YorkModule catalogue, Student home, The University of York
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Analysis of Credit Risk on Bank Loans Using Coxs Proportional Hazards Model Masters of Science in Social StatisticsAnalysis of Credit Risk on Bank Loans Using Cox's Proportional Hazards Model Masters of Science in Social Statistics
Wind turbine prognostics and maintenance management based on a hybrid approach of neural networks and proportional hazards modelWind turbine prognostics and maintenance management based on a hybrid approach of neural networks and proportional hazards model
MedStar Authors catalog › Results of search for su:Breast Neoplasms/ep [Epidemiology] and su-to:Proportional Hazards...MedStar Authors catalog › Results of search for 'su:'Breast Neoplasms/ep [Epidemiology]' and su-to:Proportional Hazards...
Predictors of fasting serum insulin and glucose and the risk of pancreatic cancer in smokersPredictors of fasting serum insulin and glucose and the risk of pancreatic cancer in smokers
modules - Undergraduate - Newcastle Universitymodules - Undergraduate - Newcastle University
Regression Modeling Strategies - With Applications to Linear Models, Logistic Regression, and Survival Analysis | Frank Harrell...Regression Modeling Strategies - With Applications to Linear Models, Logistic Regression, and Survival Analysis | Frank Harrell...
Uric acid, left ventricular mass index, a... & related info | MendeleyUric acid, left ventricular mass index, a... & related info | Mendeley
Genetic evaluation of the longevity of the Holstein population in Japan using a Weibull proportional hazard model<...Genetic evaluation of the longevity of the Holstein population in Japan using a Weibull proportional hazard model<...
On hazard ratio estimators by proportional hazards models in matched-pair cohort studies | Emerging Themes in Epidemiology |...On hazard ratio estimators by proportional hazards models in matched-pair cohort studies | Emerging Themes in Epidemiology |...
R expert familiar with cox proportional hazard model needed | Langage de programmation R | Statistiques | Analyses statistiques...R expert familiar with cox proportional hazard model needed | Langage de programmation R | Statistiques | Analyses statistiques...
CAT+FD: Faculty PresentationCAT+FD: Faculty Presentation
Modelo de riesgo proporcional de Cox | Software estadístico ExcelModelo de riesgo proporcional de Cox | Software estadístico Excel
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Applied survival analysis : regression modeling of time-to-event data (Book, 2008) [WorldCat.org]Applied survival analysis : regression modeling of time-to-event data (Book, 2008) [WorldCat.org]
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Applied Survival Analysis: Regression Modeling of Time-to-Event Data, 2nd Edition | Applied Probability & Statistics - Survival...Applied Survival Analysis: Regression Modeling of Time-to-Event Data, 2nd Edition | Applied Probability & Statistics - Survival...
A Comparison Of Outcomes In Patients In New York Heart Association (NYHA) Class II Heart Failure When Treated With Eplerenone...A Comparison Of Outcomes In Patients In New York Heart Association (NYHA) Class II Heart Failure When Treated With Eplerenone...
Survival Analysis | Predictive Analytics Techniques | InformITSurvival Analysis | Predictive Analytics Techniques | InformIT
JCI - TET2 controls chemoresistant slow-cycling cancer cell survival and tumor recurrenceJCI - TET2 controls chemoresistant slow-cycling cancer cell survival and tumor recurrence
Nonparametric Methods in Statistics with SAS Applications: 1st Edition (Paperback) - RoutledgeNonparametric Methods in Statistics with SAS Applications: 1st Edition (Paperback) - Routledge
FDA Expands Lillys ALIMTA® (pemetrexed) Label with Combination of KEYTRUDA® (pembrolizumab) and Platinum Chemotherapy for the...FDA Expands Lilly's ALIMTA® (pemetrexed) Label with Combination of KEYTRUDA® (pembrolizumab) and Platinum Chemotherapy for the...
Survival analysis of thalassemia major patients using Cox Gompertz proportional hazard and Weibull accelerated failure time...Survival analysis of thalassemia major patients using Cox Gompertz proportional hazard and Weibull accelerated failure time...
Pdf Model Based Recursive Partitioning With Adjustment For Measurement Error Applied To The Coxs Proportional Hazards And...Pdf Model Based Recursive Partitioning With Adjustment For Measurement Error Applied To The Coxs Proportional Hazards And...
Pages that link to Appendix D. Sample code used to implement the Cox proportional hazard model in the heart failure mortality...Pages that link to "Appendix D. Sample code used to implement the Cox proportional hazard model in the heart failure mortality...
An Analysis of the Survival times of the Patients with AML (Acute Myeloid Leukemia) using Cox Proportional Hazard Model with...An Analysis of the Survival times of the Patients with AML (Acute Myeloid Leukemia) using Cox Proportional Hazard Model with...
Testing Goodness of Fit in Nonparametric Function Estimation Techniques for Proportional Hazards Model -Communications for...Testing Goodness of Fit in Nonparametric Function Estimation Techniques for Proportional Hazards Model -Communications for...
Cox proportional hazard model analysis of prognosis in patients with carcinoma of esophagus and gastric cardia after radical...Cox proportional hazard model analysis of prognosis in patients with carcinoma of esophagus and gastric cardia after radical...
Mathematics MA/MScMathematics MA/MSc
Mathematics and Statistics with a Year in Industry - BSc (Hons) - Canterbury - The University of KentMathematics and Statistics with a Year in Industry - BSc (Hons) - Canterbury - The University of Kent
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Effect of ruboxistaurin in patients with diabetic macular edema: thirty-month results of the randomized PKC-DMES clinical trial...Effect of ruboxistaurin in patients with diabetic macular edema: thirty-month results of the randomized PKC-DMES clinical trial...
Infection Prophylaxis and Management in Treating Cytomegalovirus (CMV) Infection in Patients With Hematologic Malignancies...Infection Prophylaxis and Management in Treating Cytomegalovirus (CMV) Infection in Patients With Hematologic Malignancies...
JISCMail - ALLSTAT ArchivesJISCMail - ALLSTAT Archives
Hazard ratio - WikipediaHazard ratio - Wikipedia
Rotating night shift work and adherence to unhealthy lifestyle in predicting risk of type 2 diabetes: results from two large US...Rotating night shift work and adherence to unhealthy lifestyle in predicting risk of type 2 diabetes: results from two large US...
Biomechanical and psychosocial exposures are independent risk factors for carpal tunnel syndrome: assessment of confounding...Biomechanical and psychosocial exposures are independent risk factors for carpal tunnel syndrome: assessment of confounding...
Intraepithelial CD8+ tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes and a high CD8+/regulatory T cell ratio are associated with favorable...Intraepithelial CD8+ tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes and a high CD8+/regulatory T cell ratio are associated with favorable...
Low-Normal Gestational Age as a Predictor of Asthma at 6 Years of Age | ELECTRONIC ARTICLES | PediatricsLow-Normal Gestational Age as a Predictor of Asthma at 6 Years of Age | ELECTRONIC ARTICLES | Pediatrics
Helicobacter pylori Infection Is Associated With an Increased Rate of Diabetes | Diabetes CareHelicobacter pylori Infection Is Associated With an Increased Rate of Diabetes | Diabetes Care
Lifestyle factors and risk of dementia: Dubbo Study of the elderly | The Medical Journal of AustraliaLifestyle factors and risk of dementia: Dubbo Study of the elderly | The Medical Journal of Australia
Birth intervals, breastfeeding and determinants of childhood mortality in MalawiBirth intervals, breastfeeding and determinants of childhood mortality in Malawi
Groundbreaking Endovascular Clinical Trial Results Announced At VIVA 18Groundbreaking Endovascular Clinical Trial Results Announced At VIVA 18
AnatomyOrganismsDiseasesChemicals and DrugsAnalytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and EquipmentPsychiatry and PsychologyPhenomena and ProcessesDisciplines and OccupationsAnthropology, Education, Sociology and Social PhenomenaTechnology, Industry, AgricultureInformation ScienceNamed GroupsHealth CareGeographicals
Proportional Hazards ModelsRisk FactorsCohort StudiesFollow-Up StudiesProspective StudiesPrognosisSurvival AnalysisKaplan-Meier EstimateIncidenceRetrospective StudiesSurvival RateMultivariate AnalysisRisk AssessmentTime FactorsTreatment OutcomePredictive Value of TestsUnited StatesRiskCause of DeathAge FactorsNeoplasm StagingConfidence IntervalsDisease-Free SurvivalLongitudinal StudiesMortalityBreast NeoplasmsCardiovascular DiseasesRegistriesJapanSEER ProgramSmokingQuestionnairesSex FactorsDisease ProgressionNeoplasm Recurrence, LocalConfounding Factors (Epidemiology)Tumor Markers, BiologicalKidney Failure, ChronicStrokeComorbidityRecurrenceBody Mass IndexEuropean Continental Ancestry GroupProstatic NeoplasmsChi-Square DistributionOdds RatioMyocardial InfarctionRenal DialysisTaiwanCoronary DiseaseBiological MarkersSeverity of Illness IndexColorectal NeoplasmsLung NeoplasmsLymphatic MetastasisEpidemiologic MethodsPostmenopauseDietHIV InfectionsHeart FailureHospitalizationNeoplasmsAfrican AmericansSwedenRegression AnalysisAdenocarcinomaAge DistributionCoffeeModels, StatisticalAlcohol DrinkingDiabetes Mellitus, Type 2Combined Modality TherapyFinlandAntiretroviral Therapy, Highly ActiveAnalysis of VarianceCD4 Lymphocyte CountCaliforniaDiabetes MellitusVegetablesPropensity ScoreChemotherapy, AdjuvantDatabases, FactualSex DistributionCase-Control StudiesLogistic ModelsAfrican Continental Ancestry GroupDenmarkHypertensionSurvivalProbabilityWomen's HealthFood HabitsProstate-Specific AntigenLife StyleHip FracturesLiver NeoplasmsDiabetes ComplicationsSocioeconomic FactorsTreatment FailureAge of OnsetProstatectomyRandomized Controlled Trials as TopicGenotypeChinaCarcinoma, Squamous CellOvarian NeoplasmsReceptors, EstrogenResidence CharacteristicsAnti-HIV AgentsDementiaBiometryPrevalenceFruitEndometrial NeoplasmsImmunohistochemistryMulticenter Studies as TopicHealth SurveysStomach NeoplasmsDiet SurveysLife TablesCarcinoma, HepatocellularNeoplasm GradingEstrogen Replacement TherapyEsophageal NeoplasmsNetherlandsReceptors, Progesteronebeta CaroteneVeteransMinnesotaNeoplasm InvasivenessROC CurveCoronary Artery DiseaseAgingGlomerular Filtration RateCarcinoma, Non-Small-Cell LungData Interpretation, StatisticalKidney NeoplasmsAntineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy ProtocolsCreatinineOutcome Assessment (Health Care)Polymorphism, Single NucleotideReproducibility of ResultsMedicareRadiotherapy, AdjuvantDeath, Sudden, CardiacDeathPancreatic NeoplasmsBrain NeoplasmsBlood PressureDairy ProductsC-Reactive ProteinEuropeSurvivorsNeoplasm MetastasisNational Institutes of Health (U.S.)MenopauseEthnic GroupsReproductive HistoryCarcinoma, Renal CellNomogramsChronic DiseaseObesityBiostatisticsDouble-Blind MethodPregnancyGenetic Predisposition to DiseasePopulation SurveillanceDietary SupplementsNeoplasms, Second PrimaryBias (Epidemiology)Peritoneal DialysisPeripheral Arterial DiseaseGermanyColonic NeoplasmsHydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA Reductase InhibitorsGraft SurvivalPostoperative ComplicationsEducational StatusFractures, BoneOccupational ExposureOccupational DiseasesKidney TransplantationBritish ColumbiaNorwayKidney DiseasesAsian Continental Ancestry GroupHawaiiAdenocarcinoma, MucinousInfant, NewbornCarcinomaCanadaMorbidityKarnofsky Performance StatusViral LoadNeoplasms, Glandular and EpithelialNursesContinental Population GroupsMelanomaOsteoporotic FracturesReoperationComputer Simulation
Regression modelsKaplan-MeierCox'sWeibullExponentialEstimatesSemi-parametricEstimateLikelihoodWeightsMultivariateEstimationAssumption holdsSemiparametric proportionalRisk factorsDataNonparametricLogisticExplanatory variablesCovariateBaseline hazard rateMethodsLogarithm of the hazardLikelihoodBootstrapStatisticalAdditiveEpidemiologyTime dependentTreatment effect in randomizedCoxphPiecewiseProportionalityPredictiveExponential distributionVersusPrognosisIncidenceCoefficientsSurvival timesEstimator2019SubsetParametersProbabilityExtensions
Regression models2
Kaplan-Meier1
Cox's1
Weibull1
Exponential1
Estimates1
  • To avoid this mean adjustment, we can manually generate the predicted log of hazard using the parameter estimates as shown below. (ucla.edu)
Semi-parametric1
  • If a semi-parametric model is desired, as found implemented in intcox, a word of caution: there are several issues with the current version of intcox (algorithm typically prematurely terminates significantly far from the MLE, fails outright with uncensored observations, no standard errors automatically presented). (stackexchange.com)
Estimate1
  • In a further generalization, the technique is modified to estimate the form of the link function for generalized linear models. (psu.edu)
Likelihood1
Weights1
Multivariate4
Estimation20
Assumption holds1
Semiparametric proportional1
Risk factors4
Data42
Nonparametric3
Logistic6
Explanatory variables7
Covariate2
Baseline hazard rate1
Methods9
Logarithm of the hazard1
Likelihood3
Bootstrap3
Statistical9
Additive2
Epidemiology1
Time dependent5
Treatment effect in randomized1
Coxph1
Piecewise2
Proportionality1
Predictive3
Exponential distribution1
Versus1
Prognosis1
Incidence2
Coefficients2
Survival times1
Estimator3
20191
Subset1
  • Simulation studies show that the proposed procedures are more stable in prediction and more effective in computation than the best subset variable selection, and they reduce model complexity as effectively as the best subset variable selection. (elsevier.com)
Parameters2
Probability3
  • Hi, I am analyzing the influence of some variables on the probability of failure in the sample of firms using parametric survival model in STATA. (stata.com)
  • The Cox proportional hazard model is used to compare the forecasting power of Bharath and Shumway's naive model, which retains the functional form of the Merton DD model and computes the default probability in a naive way, with our new model, which treats investors' ambiguity aversion as additional information. (mdpi.com)
  • The hazard function is the probability that an individual will experience an event (for example, death) within a small time interval, given that the individual has survived up to the beginning of the interval. (xlstat.com)
Extensions2