OrganismsDiseasesChemicals and DrugsAnalytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and EquipmentPsychiatry and PsychologyPhenomena and ProcessesAnthropology, Education, Sociology and Social PhenomenaTechnology, Industry, AgricultureHumanitiesInformation ScienceNamed GroupsHealth CareGeographicals
PropofolAnesthetics, IntravenousHypnotics and SedativesConscious SedationAnesthetics, CombinedAnesthesia Recovery PeriodThiopentalAnesthetics, InhalationMethyl EthersAlfentanilAnesthesia, GeneralDeep SedationMonitoring, IntraoperativeMidazolamEtomidateMethohexitalFentanylConsciousness MonitorsAnesthetics, GeneralElectroencephalographyAnestheticsAnesthesiaIsofluraneNitrous OxideConsciousnessPiperidinesDose-Response Relationship, DrugInfusions, IntravenousKetamineAnesthetics, DissociativeUnconsciousnessAdjuvants, AnesthesiaEmulsionsInfusion PumpsAmbulatory Surgical ProceduresPreanesthetic MedicationAnesthesia, InhalationIntubation, IntratrachealNew YorkFalconiformesNew York CityPeriodicals as TopicAdvertising as TopicCalcium ChannelsReceptors, GABA-APatch-Clamp TechniquesFamous PersonsInternetDeveloping CountriesSoftwareMedication ErrorsWaiting ListsMedication AdherenceDeveloped Countries
Propofol
An intravenous anesthetic agent which has the advantage of a very rapid onset after infusion or bolus injection plus a very short recovery period of a couple of minutes. (From Smith and Reynard, Textbook of Pharmacology, 1992, 1st ed, p206). Propofol has been used as ANTICONVULSANTS and ANTIEMETICS.
Anesthetics, Intravenous
Ultrashort-acting anesthetics that are used for induction. Loss of consciousness is rapid and induction is pleasant, but there is no muscle relaxation and reflexes frequently are not reduced adequately. Repeated administration results in accumulation and prolongs the recovery time. Since these agents have little if any analgesic activity, they are seldom used alone except in brief minor procedures. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p174)
Hypnotics and Sedatives
Drugs used to induce drowsiness or sleep or to reduce psychological excitement or anxiety.
Conscious Sedation
A drug-induced depression of consciousness during which patients respond purposefully to verbal commands, either alone or accompanied by light tactile stimulation. No interventions are required to maintain a patent airway. (From: American Society of Anesthesiologists Practice Guidelines)
Anesthetics, Combined
The use of two or more chemicals simultaneously or sequentially to induce anesthesia. The drugs need not be in the same dosage form.
Anesthesia Recovery Period
The period of emergence from general anesthesia, where different elements of consciousness return at different rates.
Thiopental
A barbiturate that is administered intravenously for the induction of general anesthesia or for the production of complete anesthesia of short duration.
Anesthetics, Inhalation
Gases or volatile liquids that vary in the rate at which they induce anesthesia; potency; the degree of circulation, respiratory, or neuromuscular depression they produce; and analgesic effects. Inhalation anesthetics have advantages over intravenous agents in that the depth of anesthesia can be changed rapidly by altering the inhaled concentration. Because of their rapid elimination, any postoperative respiratory depression is of relatively short duration. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p173)
Methyl Ethers
A group of compounds that contain the general formula R-OCH3.
Alfentanil
A short-acting opioid anesthetic and analgesic derivative of FENTANYL. It produces an early peak analgesic effect and fast recovery of consciousness. Alfentanil is effective as an anesthetic during surgery, for supplementation of analgesia during surgical procedures, and as an analgesic for critically ill patients.
Anesthesia, General
Procedure in which patients are induced into an unconscious state through use of various medications so that they do not feel pain during surgery.
Deep Sedation
Drug-induced depression of consciousness during which patients cannot be easily aroused but respond purposely following repeated painful stimulation. The ability to independently maintain ventilatory function may be impaired. (From: American Society of Anesthesiologists Practice Guidelines)
Monitoring, Intraoperative
The constant checking on the state or condition of a patient during the course of a surgical operation (e.g., checking of vital signs).
Midazolam
A short-acting hypnotic-sedative drug with anxiolytic and amnestic properties. It is used in dentistry, cardiac surgery, endoscopic procedures, as preanesthetic medication, and as an adjunct to local anesthesia. The short duration and cardiorespiratory stability makes it useful in poor-risk, elderly, and cardiac patients. It is water-soluble at pH less than 4 and lipid-soluble at physiological pH.
Etomidate
Imidazole derivative anesthetic and hypnotic with little effect on blood gases, ventilation, or the cardiovascular system. It has been proposed as an induction anesthetic.
Methohexital
An intravenous anesthetic with a short duration of action that may be used for induction of anesthesia.
Fentanyl
A potent narcotic analgesic, abuse of which leads to habituation or addiction. It is primarily a mu-opioid agonist. Fentanyl is also used as an adjunct to general anesthetics, and as an anesthetic for induction and maintenance. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1078)
Consciousness Monitors
Devices used to assess the level of consciousness especially during anesthesia. They measure brain activity level based on the EEG.
Anesthetics, General
Agents that induce various degrees of analgesia; depression of consciousness, circulation, and respiration; relaxation of skeletal muscle; reduction of reflex activity; and amnesia. There are two types of general anesthetics, inhalation and intravenous. With either type, the arterial concentration of drug required to induce anesthesia varies with the condition of the patient, the desired depth of anesthesia, and the concomitant use of other drugs. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p.173)
Electroencephalography
Recording of electric currents developed in the brain by means of electrodes applied to the scalp, to the surface of the brain, or placed within the substance of the brain.
Anesthetics
Agents that are capable of inducing a total or partial loss of sensation, especially tactile sensation and pain. They may act to induce general ANESTHESIA, in which an unconscious state is achieved, or may act locally to induce numbness or lack of sensation at a targeted site.
Anesthesia
A state characterized by loss of feeling or sensation. This depression of nerve function is usually the result of pharmacologic action and is induced to allow performance of surgery or other painful procedures.
Isoflurane
A stable, non-explosive inhalation anesthetic, relatively free from significant side effects.
Nitrous Oxide
Nitrogen oxide (N2O). A colorless, odorless gas that is used as an anesthetic and analgesic. High concentrations cause a narcotic effect and may replace oxygen, causing death by asphyxia. It is also used as a food aerosol in the preparation of whipping cream.
Consciousness
Sense of awareness of self and of the environment.
Piperidines
A family of hexahydropyridines.
Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
The relationship between the dose of an administered drug and the response of the organism to the drug.
Infusions, Intravenous
The long-term (minutes to hours) administration of a fluid into the vein through venipuncture, either by letting the fluid flow by gravity or by pumping it.
Ketamine
A cyclohexanone derivative used for induction of anesthesia. Its mechanism of action is not well understood, but ketamine can block NMDA receptors (RECEPTORS, N-METHYL-D-ASPARTATE) and may interact with sigma receptors.
Anesthetics, Dissociative
Intravenous anesthetics that induce a state of sedation, immobility, amnesia, and marked analgesia. Subjects may experience a strong feeling of dissociation from the environment. The condition produced is similar to NEUROLEPTANALGESIA, but is brought about by the administration of a single drug. (From Gilman et al., Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 8th ed)
Unconsciousness
Loss of the ability to maintain awareness of self and environment combined with markedly reduced responsiveness to environmental stimuli. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp344-5)
Adjuvants, Anesthesia
Agents that are administered in association with anesthetics to increase effectiveness, improve delivery, or decrease required dosage.
Emulsions
Colloids formed by the combination of two immiscible liquids such as oil and water. Lipid-in-water emulsions are usually liquid, like milk or lotion. Water-in-lipid emulsions tend to be creams. The formation of emulsions may be aided by amphiphatic molecules that surround one component of the system to form MICELLES.
Infusion Pumps
Fluid propulsion systems driven mechanically, electrically, or osmotically that are used to inject (or infuse) over time agents into a patient or experimental animal; used routinely in hospitals to maintain a patent intravenous line, to administer antineoplastic agents and other drugs in thromboembolism, heart disease, diabetes mellitus (INSULIN INFUSION SYSTEMS is also available), and other disorders.
Ambulatory Surgical Procedures
Surgery performed on an outpatient basis. It may be hospital-based or performed in an office or surgicenter.
Preanesthetic Medication
Drugs administered before an anesthetic to decrease a patient's anxiety and control the effects of that anesthetic.
Anesthesia, Inhalation
Anesthesia caused by the breathing of anesthetic gases or vapors or by insufflating anesthetic gases or vapors into the respiratory tract.
Intubation, Intratracheal
A procedure involving placement of a tube into the trachea through the mouth or nose in order to provide a patient with oxygen and anesthesia.
New York
Falconiformes
An order of diurnal BIRDS of prey, including EAGLES; HAWKS; buzzards; vultures; and falcons.
New York City
Periodicals as Topic
A publication issued at stated, more or less regular, intervals.
Advertising as Topic
The act or practice of calling public attention to a product, service, need, etc., especially by paid announcements in newspapers, magazines, on radio, or on television. (Random House Unabridged Dictionary, 2d ed)
Calcium Channels
Voltage-dependent cell membrane glycoproteins selectively permeable to calcium ions. They are categorized as L-, T-, N-, P-, Q-, and R-types based on the activation and inactivation kinetics, ion specificity, and sensitivity to drugs and toxins. The L- and T-types are present throughout the cardiovascular and central nervous systems and the N-, P-, Q-, & R-types are located in neuronal tissue.
Receptors, GABA-A
Cell surface proteins which bind GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID and contain an integral membrane chloride channel. Each receptor is assembled as a pentamer from a pool of at least 19 different possible subunits. The receptors belong to a superfamily that share a common CYSTEINE loop.
Patch-Clamp Techniques
An electrophysiologic technique for studying cells, cell membranes, and occasionally isolated organelles. All patch-clamp methods rely on a very high-resistance seal between a micropipette and a membrane; the seal is usually attained by gentle suction. The four most common variants include on-cell patch, inside-out patch, outside-out patch, and whole-cell clamp. Patch-clamp methods are commonly used to voltage clamp, that is control the voltage across the membrane and measure current flow, but current-clamp methods, in which the current is controlled and the voltage is measured, are also used.
Famous Persons
Internet
A loose confederation of computer communication networks around the world. The networks that make up the Internet are connected through several backbone networks. The Internet grew out of the US Government ARPAnet project and was designed to facilitate information exchange.
Developing Countries
Countries in the process of change with economic growth, that is, an increase in production, per capita consumption, and income. The process of economic growth involves better utilization of natural and human resources, which results in a change in the social, political, and economic structures.
Software
Sequential operating programs and data which instruct the functioning of a digital computer.
Medication Errors
Errors in prescribing, dispensing, or administering medication with the result that the patient fails to receive the correct drug or the indicated proper drug dosage.
Waiting Lists
Prospective patient listings for appointments or treatments.
Medication Adherence
Voluntary cooperation of the patient in taking drugs or medicine as prescribed. This includes timing, dosage, and frequency.
Developed Countries
Countries that have reached a level of economic achievement through an increase of production, per capita income and consumption, and utilization of natural and human resources.

Binding of propofol to blood components: implications for pharmacokinetics and for pharmacodynamics. (1/1774)

AIMS: Propofol is a widely used i.v. anaesthetic agent. However, its binding properties to blood components have not been fully studied. METHODS: We studied the binding of propofol to erythrocytes, to human serum and to isolated serum proteins. Because propofol bound to ultrafiltration and equilibrium dialysis membranes, we used a co-binding technique with dextran coated charcoal and with erythrocytes. RESULTS: Propofol free fraction in blood was 1.2-1.7% at total concentrations ranging from 2.80 to 179 microM (0.5 to 32 microg ml(-1)). Fifty percent was bound to erythrocytes and 48% to serum proteins, almost exclusively to human serum albumin. In the clinical range of concentrations (0.5-16 microg ml(-1)) 40% of the molecules bound to erythrocytes are on the red blood cells membranes. No binding to lipoproteins occurred and binding to alpha1-acid glycoprotein was less than 1.5% CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that hypoalbuminaemia may increase propofol free fraction particularly during prolonged administration. Since propofol is non-restrictively cleared, no change in clearance is expected to occur, and the increase in free fraction will not be compensated by a parallel increase in clearance. It is also noted that many in vitro studies used concentrations 50 to 500 times the concentration expected to be encountered in the immediate cellular environment.  (+info)

Mechanisms of bronchoprotection by anesthetic induction agents: propofol versus ketamine. (2/1774)

BACKGROUND: Propofol and ketamine have been purported to decrease bronchoconstriction during induction of anesthesia and intubation. Whether they act on airway smooth muscle or through neural reflexes has not been determined. We compared propofol and ketamine to attenuate the direct activation of airway smooth muscle by methacholine and limit neurally mediated bronchoconstriction (vagal nerve stimulation). METHODS: After approval from the institutional review board, eight sheep were anesthetized with pentobarbital, paralyzed, and ventilated. After left thoracotomy, the bronchial artery was cannulated and perfused. In random order, 5 mg/ml concentrations of propofol, ketamine, and thiopental were infused into the bronchial artery at rates of 0.06, 0.20, and 0.60 ml/min. After 10 min, airway resistance was measured before and after vagal nerve stimulation and methacholine given via the bronchial artery. Data were expressed as a percent of baseline response before infusion of drug and analyzed by analysis of variance with significance set at P< or =0.05. RESULTS: Systemic blood pressure was not affected by any of the drugs (P>0.46). Baseline airway resistance was not different among the three agents (P = 0.56) or by dose (P = 0.96). Infusion of propofol and ketamine into the bronchial artery caused a dose-dependent attenuation of the vagal nerve stimulation-induced bronchoconstriction to 26+/-11% and 8+/-2% of maximum, respectively (P<0.0001). In addition, propofol caused a significant decrease in the methacholine-induced bronchoconstriction to 43+/-27% of maximum at the highest concentration (P = 0.05) CONCLUSIONS: The local bronchoprotective effects of ketamine and propofol on airways is through neurally mediated mechanisms. Although the direct effects on airway smooth muscle occur at high concentrations, these are unlikely to be of primary clinical relevance.  (+info)

Propofol concentrations in follicular fluid during general anaesthesia for transvaginal oocyte retrieval. (3/1774)

Propofol (Diprivan) is an i.v. anaesthetic used for general anaesthesia. The purpose of this study was to measure the propofol concentration in arterial blood and follicular fluid in patients during transvaginal oocyte retrieval. After approval by the University Ethics Committee, 30 women participated in this prospective study. Following induction of anaesthesia with 0.5 mg alfentanil and 2 mg.kg-1 propofol i.v., a continuous infusion of propofol at 10 mg.kg-1.h-1 was used for maintenance of anaesthesia. Follicular fluid and arterial blood samples were aspirated simultaneously at fixed intervals during the surgical procedure and propofol assayed by high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC). The mean follicular fluid concentration of propofol increased linearly with time from 0.10 +/- 0.02 microgram.ml-1 to 0.57 +/- 0.06 microgram.ml-1 and was strongly related to the cumulative dose of propofol administered. The absorption of propofol was time-dependent. There was no correlation between the concentration of propofol in the follicular fluid and the arterial blood concentration of the drug. In conclusion, a propofol-based anaesthetic technique resulted in significant concentrations of this agent in follicular fluid, related to the dose administered and to the duration of propofol administration.  (+info)

Mode of action of ICS 205,930, a novel type of potentiator of responses to glycine in rat spinal neurones. (4/1774)

The effect of a novel potentiator of glycine responses, ICS 205,930, was studied by whole-cell recordings from spinal neurones, and compared with that of other known potentiators, in an attempt to differentiate their sites of action. The ability of ICS 205,930 (0.2 microM) to potentiate glycine responses persisted in the presence of concentrations of Zn2+ (5-10 microM) that were saturating for the potentiating effect of this ion. Preincubation with 10 microM Zn2+ before application of glycine plus Zn2+ had an inhibitory effect, which did not result from Zn2+ entry into the neurone, since it persisted with either 10 mM internal EGTA or 10 microM internal Zn2+. To test whether the potentiating effects of ICS 205,930 and Zn2+ interact, both compounds were applied without preincubation. The potentiating effect of ICS 205,930 was similar for responses to glycine and for responses to glycine plus Zn2+, provided the concentrations of agonist were adjusted so as to induce control responses of identical amplitudes. ICS 205,930 remained able to potentiate glycine responses in the presence of ethanol (200 mM). ICS 205,930 also retained its potentiating effect in the presence of the anaesthetic propofol (30 90 microM), which strongly potentiated glycine responses but, in contrast with ICS 205,930, also markedly increased the resting conductance. The anticonvulsant chlormethiazole (50-100 microM) neither potentiated glycine responses nor prevented the effect of ICS 205,930, even though it increased the resting conductance and potentiated GABA(A) responses. The mechanism of action of ICS 205,930 appears to be different from those by which Zn2+, propofol or ethanol potentiate glycine responses.  (+info)

Effects of inhaled oxygen concentration on fat metabolism during propofol infusion in rabbits. (5/1774)

We have investigated the effect of inhaled oxygen tension on lipid metabolism during propofol infusion. Propofol is supplied as a lipid emulsion containing 10% soybean oil, which is rich in triglycerides (TG). Infused TG are metabolized via three pathways in the liver cell; Krebs cycle, ketogenesis and release as very low density lipoproteins (VLDL) into the blood. For this reason, we measured TG and the products of the three pathways; carbon dioxide, ketone bodies and VLDL. Thirty-two rabbits were anaesthetized under four different conditions: propofol under hyperoxia, normoxia, hypoxia and isoflurane anaesthesia under hyperoxia. Our results indicated that hyperoxia produced more ketone bodies, normoxia more PaCO2 and hypoxia more free fatty acids (FFA) and TG compared with the other propofol infusion groups. We conclude that hyperoxia during propofol infusion facilitated fat metabolism through ketogenesis, while normoxia did so via the Krebs cycle. Also, hypoxia suppressed utilization of TG and VLDL production in the liver.  (+info)

Thiopental and propofol impair relaxation produced by ATP-sensitive potassium channel openers in the rat aorta. (6/1774)

ATP-sensitive potassium channel openers are used as vasodilators in the treatment of cardiovascular disorders. The effects of i.v. anaesthetics on arterial relaxation induced by ATP-sensitive potassium channel openers have not been studied. Therefore, in this study, we have examined if thiopental (thiopentone) and propofol affect the vascular response to the ATP-sensitive potassium channel openers, cromakalim and pinacidil, in the isolated rat aorta. Rings of rat thoracic aortas without endothelium were suspended for isometric force recording. Concentration-response curves were obtained in a cumulative manner. During submaximal contractions with phenylephrine 0.3 mumol litre-1, relaxation after cromakalim 0.1-30 mumol litre-1, pinacidil 0.1-30 mumol litre-1 and papaverine 0.1-300 mumol litre-1 was demonstrated. Thiopental 30-300 mumol litre-1, propofol 10-100 mumol litre-1, 10% Intralipid 45 microliters or glibenclamide 5 mumol litre-1 were applied 15 min before addition of phenylephrine. During contractions with phenylephrine, cromakalim and pinacidil induced concentration-dependent relaxation. A selective ATP-sensitive potassium channel antagonist, glibenclamide 5 mumol litre-1, abolished this relaxation, whereas it did not affect relaxation produced by papaverine. Thiopental concentrations > 30 mumol litre-1 significantly impaired relaxation produced by cromakalim or pinacidil. Propofol concentrations > 10 mumol litre-1 also significantly reduced relaxation produced by cromakalim or pinacidil, whereas Intralipid was ineffective. Thiopental 300 mumol litre-1 and propofol 100 mumol litre-1 did not alter relaxation produced by papaverine. These results suggest that the i.v. anaesthetics, thiopental and propofol, impaired vasodilatation mediated by ATP-sensitive potassium channels in vascular smooth muscle cells.  (+info)

Effect of remifentanil on the auditory evoked response and haemodynamic changes after intubation and surgical incision. (7/1774)

We have observed the effect of intubation and incision, as measured by the auditory evoked response (AER) and haemodynamic variables, in 12 patients undergoing hernia repair or varicose vein surgery who received remifentanil as part of either an inhaled anaesthetic technique using isoflurane or as part of a total i.v. technique using propofol. Anaesthesia was induced with remifentanil 1 microgram kg-1 and propofol, neuromuscular block was achieved with atracurium 0.6 mg kg-1 before intubation, and anaesthesia was maintained with a continuous infusion of remifentanil in combination with either a continuous infusion of propofol or inhaled isoflurane. The AER and haemodynamic variables were measured before and after intubation and incision. The effects of intubation and incision on the AER and haemodynamic variables were not significantly different between the remifentanil-propofol and remifentanil-isoflurane groups. However, the study had a low power for this comparison. When the data for the two anaesthetic combinations were pooled, the only significant effects were increases in diastolic arterial pressure and heart rate immediately after intubation; these were not seen 5 min after intubation. There were no cardiovascular responses to incision. There were no significant changes in the AER after intubation or incision.  (+info)

Postsurgical Candida albicans infections associated with an extrinsically contaminated intravenous anesthetic agent. (8/1774)

From 16 to 30 April 1990, four of 364 (1%) postsurgical patients at one hospital developed Candida albicans fungemia or endophthalmitis. The case patients' surgeries were clustered on two days. To identify risk factors for C. albicans infections, we conducted a cohort study comparing these 4 patients with 67 control patients who had surgeries on the same days but did not acquire C. albicans infections. The participation of anesthesiologist 9 (relative risk [RR], undefined; P < 0.001) and receipt of intravenous propofol, an anesthetic agent without preservative, which was administered by an infusion pump (RR, 8.8; P = 0.048) were identified as risk factors for C. albicans infections. The anesthetic had been recently introduced in the hospital. Hand cultures of 8 of 14 (57%) anesthesiologists were positive for Candida species; one yielded C. albicans. Anesthesiologist 9 was the only one to use stored syringes of propofol in the infusion pump and to reuse propofol syringes. DNA fingerprinting with a digoxigenin-labeled C. albicans repetitive element 2 probe and electrophoretic karyotyping showed two distinct banding patterns among patient isolates. We hypothesize that extrinsic contamination of propofol by anesthesiologist 9 likely resulted in C. albicans infections. These data suggest that strict aseptic techniques must be used when preparing and administering propofol.  (+info)

Possible pathogenic mechanism of propofol infusion syndrome involves coenzyme Q - Institutional Repository University of AntwerpPossible pathogenic mechanism of propofol infusion syndrome involves coenzyme Q - Institutional Repository University of Antwerp
Background: Propofol is a short-acting intravenous anesthetic agent. In rare conditions, a life-threatening complication known as propofol infusion syndrome can occur. The pathophysiologic mechanism is still unknown. Some studies suggested that propofol acts as uncoupling agent, others suggested that it inhibits complex I or complex IV, or causes increased oxidation of cytochrome c and cytochrome aa(3), or inhibits mitochondrial fatty acid metabolism. Although the exact site of interaction is not known, most hypotheses point to the direction of the mitochondria. Methods: Eight rats were ventilated and sedated with propofol up to 20 h. Sequential biopsy specimens were taken from liver and skeletal muscle and used for determination of respiratory chain activities and propofol concentration. Activities were also measured in skeletal muscle from a patient who died of propofol infusion syndrome. Results: In rats, authors detected a decrease in complex II+III activity starting at low tissue ...
https://repository.uantwerpen.be/link/irua/125524
My Emergency Medicine (capriles-urgencias.com): Propofol Infusion Syndrome (PRIS)My Emergency Medicine (capriles-urgencias.com): Propofol Infusion Syndrome (PRIS)
Propofol (2,6-diisopropylphenol), an intravenous sedative-hypnotic approved by the FDA for the induction and maintenance of sedation and anesthesia, is one of the most commonly utilized medications in the ICU setting secondary to its anti-epileptic and neuro-protective properties. Propofol infusion syndrome (PRIS) is a rare, but potentially fatal, adverse effect of propofol administration. First described in children in 1992, and subsequently named by Bray in 1998, PRIS was classically defined as acute bradycardia progressing to asystole status post propofol administration; occurring in the setting of one of the following: ...
http://www.capriles-urgencias.com/2016/10/propofol-infusion-syndrome-pris.html
In vivo study of hepatic oxidative stress and mitochondrial function in rabbits with severe hypotension after propofol...In vivo study of hepatic oxidative stress and mitochondrial function in rabbits with severe hypotension after propofol...
In humans, prolonged sedations with propofol or using high doses have been associated with propofol infusion syndrome. The main objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of prolonged high-dose administration of a specific propofol emulsion (Propofol Lipuro) and an improved lipid formulation (SMOFlipid) in liver mitochondrial bioenergetics and oxidative stress of rabbits, comparatively to a saline control. Twenty-one male New Zealand white rabbits were randomly allocated in three groups that were continuously treated for 20 h. Each group of seven animals received separately: NaCl 0.9 % (saline), SMOFlipid (lipid-based emulsion without propofol) and Lipuro 2 % (propofol lipid emulsion). An intravenous propofol bolus of 20 mg kg−1 was given to the propofol Lipuro group to allow blind orotracheal intubation and mechanical ventilation. Anesthesia was maintained using infusion rates of: 20, 30, 40, 50 and 60 mg kg−1 h−1, according to the clinical scale of anesthetic depth and the index of
https://springerplus.springeropen.com/articles/10.1186/s40064-016-2970-2
The Utility of Bispectral Index for Titration of Propofol Dosages and Recovery from Anaesthesia - BiblioMed.org - Deposit for...The Utility of Bispectral Index for Titration of Propofol Dosages and Recovery from Anaesthesia - BiblioMed.org - Deposit for...
Background: The use of clinical signs may not be reliable to measure the hypnotic component of anaesthesia. Bispectral Index monitoring provides a direct measurement of the hypnotic effect of the anaesthetic agent used and it may have certain clinical advantages over clinical signs. Objective: This study consists of dose requirement of propofol with bispectral Index monitoring and without bispectral Index monitoring. Material and Methods: In the present study, 100 patients were randomly divided into two groups (50 in each group), one group received Standard dose of propofol while the other received propofol infusion with BIS monitoring. Results: Mean amount of propofol for induction used was 1.6 vs 2.24 mg/kg in bispectral index group and standard group respectively. The inference was that the induction dose of propofol by Bispectral index and by standard practice was statistically highly significant with P. Key words: Bispectral Index monitoring system, propofol, anaesthetic drug consumption, ...
https://www.bibliomed.org/?mno=25854
Comparison of the effects of bispectral index-controlled use of remifentanil on propofol consumption and patient comfort in...Comparison of the effects of bispectral index-controlled use of remifentanil on propofol consumption and patient comfort in...
Background and study aims : In endoscopic procedures, propofol can be safely administered either alone or in conjunction with remifentanil. The aim of the study is to compare the effects of the administration of propofol alone and the administration of remifentanil in addition to propofol on patient and endoscopist satisfaction, preoperative hemodynamic response, and propofol consumption. ...
https://avesis.medeniyet.edu.tr/yayin/3170f9b4-c447-41a4-82fa-9ab7ab0417f2/comparison-of-the-effects-of-bispectral-index-controlled-use-of-remifentanil-on-propofol-consumption-and-patient-comfort-in-patients-undergoing-colonoscopy
Induction dose of propofol for pediatric patients undergoing procedural sedation in the emergency department<...Induction dose of propofol for pediatric patients undergoing procedural sedation in the emergency department<...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Induction dose of propofol for pediatric patients undergoing procedural sedation in the emergency department. AU - Jasiak, Karalea D.. AU - Phan, Hanna. AU - Christich, Anna C.. AU - Edwards, Christopher J.. AU - Skrepnek, Grant H.. AU - Patanwala, Asad E.. PY - 2012/5/1. Y1 - 2012/5/1. N2 - Objective: This study aimed to determine if patient age is an independent predictor of the propofol dose required for the induction of sedation in pediatric patients for procedures performed in the emergency department (ED). Methods: This is a retrospective study conducted in an academic, tertiary ED between May 2005 and October 2009. Medical records of patients younger than 18 years who received propofol for procedural sedation were evaluated. Data collected included patient demographics, procedure type, propofol doses administered, time to sedation induction, pain scores before procedure, opioid administration, and adverse effects. Factors predictive of propofol induction dose were analyzed ...
https://arizona.pure.elsevier.com/en/publications/induction-dose-of-propofol-for-pediatric-patients-undergoing-proc
Allometric or lean body mass scaling of propofol pharmacokinetics: Towards simplifying parameter sets for target-controlled...Allometric or lean body mass scaling of propofol pharmacokinetics: Towards simplifying parameter sets for target-controlled...
Uncertainty exists as to the most suitable pharmacokinetic parameter sets for propofol target-controlled infusions (TCI). The pharmacokinetic parameter sets currently employed are clearly not universally applicable, particularly when patient attributes differ from those of the subjects who participated in the original research from which the models were derived. Increasing evidence indicates that the pharmacokinetic parameters of propofol can be scaled allometrically as well as in direct proportion to lean body mass (LBM). Appraisal of hitherto published studies suggests that an allometrically scaled pharmacokinetic parameter set may be applicable to a wide range of patients ranging from children to obese adults. On the other hand, there is evidence that propofol pharmacokinetic parameters, scaled linearly to LBM, provide improved dosing in normal and obese adults. The Schnider pharmacokinetic parameter set that has been programmed into commercially available TCI pumps cannot be employed at ...
http://scholar.sun.ac.za/handle/10019.1/20562
John Libbey Eurotext - Epileptic Disorders - Propofol withdrawal seizures: non-epileptic nature of seizures in a patient with...John Libbey Eurotext - Epileptic Disorders - Propofol withdrawal seizures: non-epileptic nature of seizures in a patient with...
Seizures or seizure-like phenomena which are mostly convulsive have been observed during the induction, maintenance and withdrawal phases of propofol administration. The nature and mechanism of this phenomenon are not well understood and several case reports on these phenomena have presented only indirect evidence. We report on a patient who was administered propofol in order to control status epilepticus with success. However, every attempt at propofol withdrawal was followed by convulsive seizure-like activity. Continuous EEG monitoring showed muscle artefacts without any ictal discharges. Based on this finding, the propofol treatment was withdrawn and the seizure-like activity eventually attenuated and resolved. We propose that seizure-like phenomena associated with propofol withdrawal may not be ictal in nature and should not lead to unnecessary resumption of propofol infusion without documentation of an epileptic origin by EEG.. ...
http://www.jle.com/en/revues/epd/e-docs/propofol_withdrawal_seizures_non_epileptic_nature_of_seizures_in_a_patient_with_recently_controlled_status_epilepticus_287642/article.phtml
Narcotrend monitoring allows faster emergence and a reduction of drug consumption in propofol-remifentanil anesthesia | Read by...Narcotrend monitoring allows faster emergence and a reduction of drug consumption in propofol-remifentanil anesthesia | Read by...
BACKGROUND: The Narcotrend is a new electroencephalographic monitor designed to measure depth of anesthesia, based on a six-letter classification from A (awake) to F (increasing burst suppression) including 14 substages. This study was designed to investigate the impact of Narcotrend monitoring on recovery times and propofol consumption in comparison to Bispectral Index (BIS) monitoring or standard anesthetic practice.. METHODS: With institutional review board approval and written informed consent, 120 adult patients scheduled to undergo minor orthopedic surgery were randomized to receive a propofol-remifentanil anesthetic controlled by Narcotrend, by BIS(R), or solely by clinical parameters. Anesthesia was induced with 0.4 micro x kg-1 x min-1 remifentanil and a propofol target-controlled infusion at 3.5 microg/ml. After intubation, remifentanil was reduced to 0.2 micro x kg-1 x min-1, whereas the propofol infusion was adjusted according to clinical parameters or to the following target values: ...
https://read.qxmd.com/read/12826839/narcotrend-monitoring-allows-faster-emergence-and-a-reduction-of-drug-consumption-in-propofol-remifentanil-anesthesia
Propofol versus Propofol/Remifentanil for Deep Sedation in Prolonged Mechanically Ventilated Rabbits: Dose Requirements and...Propofol versus Propofol/Remifentanil for Deep Sedation in Prolonged Mechanically Ventilated Rabbits: Dose Requirements and...
This project was designed to compare the dose requirements and the development of tolerance on the sedative/analgesic effect of propofol versus propofol plus remifentanil administered in rabbits under prolonged mechanical ventilation (PMV).. Eight male, clinically healthy New Zealand White rabbits were intubated under xylazine-ketamine-isoflurane anesthesia. After isoflurane discontinuation, the animals received either propofol (group P, n=4) or propofol plus remifentanil (group P/R, n=4) by continuous intravenous infusion for a maximum period of 38 hours. Arterial pressure (AP), heart rate (HR), respiratory rate (RR), electrocardiograph (ECG) and spO2 were continuously measured while arterial blood gases were analysed periodically. Initial doses were adjusted in order to achieve adequate level of sedation and analgesia based on reflexes, HR, arterial pressure and attempt for spontaneous breathing. Tolerance on the sedative/analgesic effect of the agents was indicated by the increase of their ...
http://www.vin.com/apputil/content/defaultadv1.aspx?pId=11181&catId=30098&id=3852404&ind=116&objTypeID=17
Neonatal Propofol Anesthesia Changes Expression of Synaptic Plasticity Proteins and Increases Stereotypic and Anxyolitic...Neonatal Propofol Anesthesia Changes Expression of Synaptic Plasticity Proteins and Increases Stereotypic and Anxyolitic...
Propofol is a general anesthetic commonly used in pediatric clinical practices. Experimental findings demonstrate that anesthetics induce widespread apoptosis and cognitive decline in a developing brain. Although anesthesia-mediated neurotoxicity is the most prominent during intense period of synaptogenesis, the effects of an early anesthesia exposure on the synapses are not well understood. The aim of this study was to examine the effects of neonatal propofol anesthesia on the expression of key proteins that participate in synaptogenesis and synaptic plasticity and to evaluate long-term neurobehavioral abnormalities in the mature adult brain. Propofol-injected 7-day-old rats were maintained under 2-, 4-, and 6-h-long anesthesia and sacrificed 0, 4, 16, and 24 h after the termination of each exposure. We showed that propofol anesthesia strongly influenced spatiotemporal expression and/or proteolytic processing of crucial presynaptic (GAP-43, synaptophysin, α-synuclein), trans-synaptic ...
http://ibiss-r.rcub.bg.ac.rs/handle/123456789/2741
Sevoflurane and Propofol Anesthesia in Dogs with Chronic Renal Failure: Renal Functions Evaluation - WSAVA 2003 Congress - VINSevoflurane and Propofol Anesthesia in Dogs with Chronic Renal Failure: Renal Functions Evaluation - WSAVA 2003 Congress - VIN
Objectives This study evaluated the effects of sevoflurane and propofol anesthesia on renal function of dogs with naturally acquired chronic renal failure. Materials & Methods The anesthetic procedures included: three hours using sevoflurane (1.5CAM) in O2 flow of 30mL/kg/min, in a semiclosed-circuit, after induction with propofol at 10mg/kg, in bolus (P-S group), or after induction with sevoflurane (S-S group), and for the P group it was used only propofol in the same dose employed for induction. Evaluations were performed in six sessions and included creatinine clearance, serum creatinine and ureia, protein and glucose urinary excretion. The renal function evaluations were performed 30 minutes before anesthesia, two times during anesthesia, and one, two and five days after. Results All anesthetic procedures were well succeeded and animals recovered uneventfully. No renal toxicity were observed in any of the anesthetic protocols. However, during the transanesthetic period it was observed ...
https://www.vin.com/apputil/content/defaultadv1.aspx?pId=8768&meta=Generic&catId=18806&id=3850385&ind=114&objTypeID=17
Propofol exhibits a tumor‑suppressive effect and regulates cell viability, migration and invasion in bladder carcinoma by...Propofol exhibits a tumor‑suppressive effect and regulates cell viability, migration and invasion in bladder carcinoma by...
2,6‑diisopropylphenol (propofol) is a commonly used intravenous anesthetic drug, which has been reported to serve an antitumor role in human cancers. The current study aimed to assess the effects of propofol on the biological behaviors of human bladder cancer cells and to elucidate its potential molecular mechanism. The results of MTT, wound healing and Matrigel invasion assays demonstrated that propofol significantly inhibited the viability, migration and invasion of bladder cancer T24 cells in vitro. Reverse transcription‑quantitative PCR and western blotting revealed that propofol decreased the expression levels of microRNA (miR)‑10b and increased the expression levels of homeobox D10 (HOXD10) in T24 cells. Luciferase reporter assay revealed that HOXD10 was a direct target of miR‑10b in T24 cells. T24 cells transfected with a miR‑10b mimic significantly reduced the mRNA and protein expression levels of HOXD10. In addition, overexpression of miR‑10b partly reversed the inhibitory ...
https://tessera.spandidos-publications.com/10.3892/ol.2019.10968/abstract
Beneficial Effect of Propofol on Arterial Adenosine Triphosphate-sensitive K+Channel Function Impaired by Thromboxane |...Beneficial Effect of Propofol on Arterial Adenosine Triphosphate-sensitive K+Channel Function Impaired by Thromboxane |...
Propofol reportedly possesses potential antioxidant properties caused by its chemical structure similar to that of phenol-based free-radical scavengers such as vitamin E.10 Previous in vivo or in vitro studies documented that this intravenous anesthetic reduces oxidative stress toward blood vessels.11,12 These results suggest that this anesthetic may be protective against the vascular dysfunction caused by increased oxidative stress. Indeed, propofol (3 × 10−7to 10−6m) recovered vascular ATP-sensitive K+channel function via reduction of superoxide levels within arterial walls. In addition, 10−6m of this agent completely inhibited protein expression of a Nox2-related NADPH oxidase subunit p47phox. The plasma concentration of propofol during induction of anesthesia in humans has been reported as up to 3 × 10−5m, and burst suppression doses of propofol for cerebral protection are up to 6 × 10−5m.20-22 Effective concentrations of propofol (3 × 10−7to 10−6m) to inhibit NADPH oxidase ...
http://anesthesiology.pubs.asahq.org/article.aspx?articleid=1923713
IN VIVO CHARACTERIZATION OF LESS PAINFUL PROPOFOL NANOEMULSION USING PALM OIL FOR INTRAVENOUS DRUG DELIVERY |...IN VIVO CHARACTERIZATION OF LESS PAINFUL PROPOFOL NANOEMULSION USING PALM OIL FOR INTRAVENOUS DRUG DELIVERY |...
Methods: Preparation of propofol nanoemulsion using NEMS™ technology has been performed for propofol 1% in NEMS™ (P1%), and propofol 2% in NEMS™ (P2%). Determination of free propofol concentration in aqueous phase was conducted using HPLC and rat paw lick test was evaluated as in vivo test to assay the intensity of pain on injection site. The sleep recovery test was conducted to evaluate the pharmacological effect and erythrocyte hemolysis test also conducted to ensure the safety of propofol in NEMS™. All of the test results were compared with Diprivan®1% as a positive standard. ...
https://innovareacademics.in/journals/index.php/ijap/article/view/33039
Target-Controlled Infusion of Propofol for Flexible Bronchoscopy Sedation - Full Text View - ClinicalTrials.govTarget-Controlled Infusion of Propofol for Flexible Bronchoscopy Sedation - Full Text View - ClinicalTrials.gov
Propofol is ideal for bronchoscopy sedation because of its fast onset and quick recovery effect. Our research and reports from different investigators demonstrate that patients received propofol sedation recover fast with excellent satisfaction for bronchoscopy. However, the amount of propofol for induction and maintenance is calculated simply by patients body weight and physicians experience. For those non-anesthesiologists, who perform sedative work outside the operating room, and inexperienced anesthesiologist without fully considering the individual pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic differences may generate unstable drug plasma concentration and increase cardio-respiration suppression. Therefore, a manner which can assess and measure objectively individual pharmacokinetic differences may improve the sedative quality and decrease the complication rate.. A model called Target-controlled infusion(TCI), built from massive pharmacokinetic samples of propofol, could now give precise ...
https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01101477
Ketamine, propofol and low dose remifentanil versus propofol and remifentanil for ERCP outside the operating room: Is ketamine...Ketamine, propofol and low dose remifentanil versus propofol and remifentanil for ERCP outside the operating room: Is ketamine...
Background:Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography ERCP is a painful and long procedure requiring transient deep analgesia and conscious sedation. An ideal anaesthetic that guarantees a rapid and smooth induction, good quality of maintenance, lack of adverse effects and rapid recovery is still lacking.This study aimed to compare safety and efficacy of a continuous infusion of low dose remifentanil plus ketamine combined with propofol in comparison to the standard regimen dose of remifentanil plus propofol continuous infusion during ERCP.Material/Methods:322 ASAI-III patients, 18-85 years old and scheduled for planned ERCP were randomized. Exclusion criteria were a predictable difficult airway, drug allergy, and ASA IV-V patients.We evaluated Propofol 1 mg/kg/h plus Remifentanil 0.25 µg/kg/min (GR) vs. Propofol 1 mg/kg/h plus Ketamine 5 µg/kg/min and Remifentanil 0.1 µg/kg/min (GK).Main outcome measures were respiratory depression, nausea/vomiting, quality of intraoperative conditions, and
https://www.medscimonit.com/abstract/index/idArt/883354
Lidocaine in prevention of pain on propofol anesthetic induction: A randomized double-blinded clinical trial to estimate the...Lidocaine in prevention of pain on propofol anesthetic induction: A randomized double-blinded clinical trial to estimate the...
Anesthesia is the procedure to ensure the absence of pain, the inhibition of autonomic reactions and a good surgical. Today, most anesthetic procedures involve the combination of different drugs, using anesthetics at considerably lower concentrations if compared to those that would be needed if they were used without association; modern anesthetic techniques typically involve the association of hypnotics, analgesics, and muscle relaxants [1].. The use of barbiturates as intravenous anesthetics have been tested in the last 70 years; among these, propofol (2,6-diisopropylphenol) was introduced clinically in 1977 and demonstrates many positive effects [2]. Because of its unique pharmacological properties [3], it is an anesthetic drug used in the induction and maintenance of anesthesia in adults, being popular for providing an easy induction and recovery is faster than other drugs, such as thiopental [4]. Sedation with propofol does not provide relief from pain, however it provides anxiolysis, ...
https://www.peertechzpublications.com/articles/OJPM-4-121.php
Ring-oxidative biotransformation and drug interactions of propofol in the livers of rats<...Ring-oxidative biotransformation and drug interactions of propofol in the livers of rats<...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Ring-oxidative biotransformation and drug interactions of propofol in the livers of rats. AU - Tai, Yu-Ting. AU - Lin, Yi Ling. AU - Chang, Chia Chen. AU - Cherng, Yih-Giun. AU - Don, Ming Jaw. AU - Chen, Ruei-Ming. PY - 2015. Y1 - 2015. N2 - Propofol, an intravenous anesthetic agent, is widely used for inducing and maintaining anesthesia during surgical procedures and for sedating intensive care unit patients. In the clinic, rapid elimination is one of the major advantages of propofol. Meanwhile, the biotransformation and drug interactions of propofol in rat livers are still little known. In this study, we evaluated the ring-oxidative metabolism of propofol in phenobarbital-treated rat livers and possible drug interactions. Administration of phenobarbital to male Wistar rats significantly increased levels of hepatic cytochrome P450 (CYP) 2B1/2 and microsomal pentoxyresorufin O-dealkylase (PROD) activity. Analyses by high-performance liquid chromatography and liquid ...
https://tmu.pure.elsevier.com/en/publications/ring-oxidative-biotransformation-and-drug-interactions-of-propofo
Global Propofol Market Growth Analysis, Forecasts to 2025 : Bachem, Porton Fine Chemicals, SI Group, Libang Healthcare - Market...Global Propofol Market Growth Analysis, Forecasts to 2025 : Bachem, Porton Fine Chemicals, SI Group, Libang Healthcare - Market...
The global Propofol Market research report highlights the need for the up-to-date market data for the business management that will offer development and profitability of the global Propofol market. The research report presents all the essential facts and figures on drifts & growths. It emphasizes on technologies & capacities, materials & markets, and unpredictable structure of the Propofol market. In addition, it also highlights the dominating players in the market joined with their market share. The well-established players in the market are Bachem, Porton Fine Chemicals, SI Group, Libang Healthcare.. Click Here To Access The Report: https://www.reportsbuzz.com/request-for-sample.html?repid=58164. The global Propofol market report portrays best approaches to assess the global Propofol market. It offers the reliable facts and extensive analysis of the global Propofol market. The report presents a summary of the global Propofol industry, embracing categorizations, applications, and industry ...
http://marketnewsreports.net/90030/global-propofol-market-growth-analysis-forecasts-to-2025-bachem-porton-fine-chemicals-si-group-libang-healthcare/
Effect of Valproate on Propofol - Full Text View - ClinicalTrials.govEffect of Valproate on Propofol - Full Text View - ClinicalTrials.gov
The intravenous sedation with propofol is very useful for patients with mental retardation and challenging behavior. However, it is very difficult to titrate the dose of propofol for maintaining the adequate sedation depth because of the difficulty of verbal communication with them. Most of them have a epilepsy and take antiepileptic drugs. Antiepileptic drugs are thought to influence on the effect of anesthetics. Valproate is reported to inhibit the metabolism of propofol. Therefore, we divide the patients into two groups : patients receiving valproate (valproate group), patients receiving no antiepileptic drugs (control group), and compare the required dose of propofol and the recovery time ...
https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01170377?recr=Open&intr=%22Dental+Care%22&rank=13
Effect of propofol on the medial temporal lobe emotional memory system: a functional magnetic resonance imaging study in human...Effect of propofol on the medial temporal lobe emotional memory system: a functional magnetic resonance imaging study in human...
BACKGROUND: Subclinical doses of propofol produce anterograde amnesia, characterized by an early failure of memory consolidation. It is unknown how propofol affects the amygdala-dependent emotional memory system, which modulates consolidation in the hippocampus in response to emotional arousal and neurohumoral stress. We present an event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging study of the effects of propofol on the emotional memory system in human subjects.. METHODS: Thirty-five healthy subjects were randomized to receive propofol, at an estimated brain concentration of 0.90 μg ml(-1), or placebo. During drug infusion, emotionally arousing and neutral images were presented in a continuous recognition task, while blood-oxygen-level-dependent activation responses were acquired. After a drug-free interval of 2 h, subsequent memory for successfully encoded items was assessed. Imaging analysis was performed using statistical parametric mapping and behavioural analysis using signal detection ...
https://anesthesiology.weill.cornell.edu/publications/effect-of-propofol-on-the-medial-temporal-lobe-emotional-memory-system-a-functional
Lethal levels of anesthetic propofol killed Michael Jackson | L.A. NOW | Los Angeles...Lethal levels of anesthetic propofol killed Michael Jackson | L.A. NOW | Los Angeles...
On the morning Jackson died, Murray tried to induce sleep without using propofol, according to the affidavit. He said he gave Jackson valium at 1:30 a.m. When that didnt work, he said, he injected lorazepam intravenously at 2 a.m. At 3 a.m., when Jackson was still awake, Murray administered midazolam. Over the next few hours, Murray said he gave Jackson various drugs. Then at 10:40 a.m., Murray administered 25 milligrams of propofol after Jackson repeatedly demanded the drug, according to the court records. Although Murray acknowledged to police that he administered propofol, authorities said they could find no evidence that he had purchased, ordered or obtained the medication under his medical license or Drug Enforcement Administration tracking number. However, police detectives saw about eight bottles of propofol in the house along with other vials and pills that had been prescribed to Jackson by Dr. Murray, Dr. Arnold Klein and Dr. Allan Metzger. Other drugs that were confiscated in the ...
http://latimesblogs.latimes.com/lanow/2009/08/lethal-levels-of-anesthetic-propofol-killed-michael-jackson/comments/page/7/
Lethal levels of anesthetic propofol killed Michael Jackson | L.A. NOW | Los Angeles...Lethal levels of anesthetic propofol killed Michael Jackson | L.A. NOW | Los Angeles...
On the morning Jackson died, Murray tried to induce sleep without using propofol, according to the affidavit. He said he gave Jackson valium at 1:30 a.m. When that didnt work, he said, he injected lorazepam intravenously at 2 a.m. At 3 a.m., when Jackson was still awake, Murray administered midazolam. Over the next few hours, Murray said he gave Jackson various drugs. Then at 10:40 a.m., Murray administered 25 milligrams of propofol after Jackson repeatedly demanded the drug, according to the court records. Although Murray acknowledged to police that he administered propofol, authorities said they could find no evidence that he had purchased, ordered or obtained the medication under his medical license or Drug Enforcement Administration tracking number. However, police detectives saw about eight bottles of propofol in the house along with other vials and pills that had been prescribed to Jackson by Dr. Murray, Dr. Arnold Klein and Dr. Allan Metzger. Other drugs that were confiscated in the ...
http://latimesblogs.latimes.com/lanow/2009/08/lethal-levels-of-anesthetic-propofol-killed-michael-jackson.html
Rho and Rho Kinase are involved in the signal transduction cascade caused by propofolRho and Rho Kinase are involved in the signal transduction cascade caused by propofol
Background: Propofol is known to interact with the γ-aminobutyric acidA (GABAA) receptor, however, activating the receptor alone is not sufficient for producing anaesthesia. Propofol tyresine phosphorylates the GABAA receptor and reorganises the actin cytoskeleton, eausing ring structures and rnembrane ruffles. Propofol, but not GABA, the endogenous tigand for the GABAA receptor, tyresine phosphorylates actin, both in the membrane and cytoskeletal fractions of the neuron.. Aim: How does propofol cause the actin reorganisation and is this a specific effect of propofol? Is the small membrane associated G-protein rho involved in the signal cascade towards the actin reorganisation?. Methods: Westem blotting (WB) was used to visualize tyresine phosphorylated immunoprecipitated proteins and changes in actin between the different cellularcompartments after inhibition with rho (C3 exotoxin) and rho kinase (ROK) (HA-1077) inhibitors. Fluoreseenee mireoscopy after rhodamine-phalloidin labelling of actin ...
http://liu.diva-portal.org/smash/record.jsf?pid=diva2:555471
Ketamine-Propofol Versus Propofol Alone for Procedural Sedation in the Emergency Department: A Systematic Review and Meta...Ketamine-Propofol Versus Propofol Alone for Procedural Sedation in the Emergency Department: A Systematic Review and Meta...
OBJECTIVES: Propofol is an agent commonly used for procedural sedation and analgesia (PSA) in the emergency department (ED), but it can cause respiratory depression and hypotension. The combination of ketamine-propofol (K-P) is an alternative that theoretically provides a reduction in adverse events compared to propofol. The primary objective of this review was to determine if K-P has a lower frequency of adverse respiratory events in patients undergoing PSA in the ED than propofol alone. Secondary objectives were to compare the proportion of overall adverse events, sedation time, procedure time, and recovery time between K-P and propofol.. METHODS: Electronic searches of Medline, EMBASE, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and CINAHL were conducted and reference lists were hand-searched. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) published in English comparing the use of K-P to propofol alone for PSA in the ED were included.. RESULTS: Six RCTs were included with a combined total of 932 ...
https://read.qxmd.com/read/26292077/ketamine-propofol-versus-propofol-alone-for-procedural-sedation-in-the-emergency-department-a-systematic-review-and-meta-analysis
Particle Size Distribution of Propofol Injection from Ampules and Vials: The Benefits of FilitrationParticle Size Distribution of Propofol Injection from Ampules and Vials: The Benefits of Filitration
Author: Driscoll David F, Deaconess Beth Israel, Lawrence Kenneth R, Lewis Keith, Bistrian Bruce R, Year: 1997, Abstract: The Centers for Disease Control has identified intravenous propofol, a lipid-based medication, as a cause of postoperative infections in hospitalized patients. It appears the increased risk results from poor aseptic technique in the preparation, storage and administration of extemporaneously prepared propofol infusions. An additional risk of preparing propofol injection includes glass particulate contamination when the ampule dosage form is used. The current study, therefore, examines th
https://ijpc.com/abstracts/abstract.cfm?ABS=613
Propofol and the DEAPropofol and the DEA
We all know what happens when the drugs we use in practice become controlled substances. Were faced with more paperwork and tighter Drug Enforcement Agency restrictions in terms of access, use and logging of our drug inventory, and how we dispose of them. The DEA is considering placing propofol on Schedule IV of the Controlled Substances Act. Considering how important propofol is in veterinary practice, the AVMA has concerns about what this might mean for veterinarians. At the same time, part of the AVMAs mission is to improve human health, so we were also concerned when we saw the DEAs alarming information about the dangers of propofol when its used inappropriately. More specifically, the DEA cited research showing that 28 percent of propofol abusers die from this abuse. Thats why we recently sent a letter to the DEA expressing our understanding of DEAs scheduling of drugs with high-abuse potential, while also expressing our concerns that adding propofol as a Schedule IV controlled ...
http://atwork.avma.org/2011/01/18/propofol-and-the-dea/
Effect of alkalinisation of lignocaine for propofol injection pain: a prospective, randomised, double-blind study | AVESİSEffect of alkalinisation of lignocaine for propofol injection pain: a prospective, randomised, double-blind study | AVESİS
The aim of this study was to determine whether pretreatment with alkalinised lignocaine reduced the incidence and severity of pain during propofol injection. This prospective, randomised, double-blind study included 300 adult, American Society of Anesthesiologists physcial status I to II patients undergoing elective surgery. Patients were randomly allocated to one of three groups: Group L received 0.05 ml/kg of 1% lignocaine (5 ml normal saline + 5 ml 2% lignocaine), Group A received 0.05 ml/kg alkalinised lignocaine (5 ml 2% lignocaine + 1 ml 8.4% NaHCO3 + 4 ml normal saline), and Group S, the control group, was given the same amount of normal saline (NaCl 0.9%). All drugs were given as a bolus over 20 seconds before propofol administration. A blinded researcher assessed the patients pain level using a four-point scale. The pain score [median (range)] and the incidence of pain in Group A (6%) was significantly lower than in groups L (41%) and S (88%, P ...
https://avesis.inonu.edu.tr/yayin/8e591845-5e09-4ccb-a66c-8fad9aff10a8/effect-of-alkalinisation-of-lignocaine-for-propofol-injection-pain-a-prospective-randomised-double-blind-study
Acervo Digital: Efeitos da infusão contínua de tiopental ou propofol em coelhos mantidos em respiração espontâneaAcervo Digital: Efeitos da infusão contínua de tiopental ou propofol em coelhos mantidos em respiração espontânea
The effects of thiopental and propofol were comparatively evaluated about its influence on cardiovascular and respiratory parameters, blood gas, blood glucose levels, cell kinetics and recovery period in 20 rabbits of New Zealand White, adults, male and female, with weight between 3,67±0,43 Kg. After a random selection, they were shared into two groups of 10 animals, called propofol group (GP) and thiopental group (GT). For GP, general anesthesia was induced by intravenous (IV) administration of propofol (10 mg/Kg) and then began continuous infusion at an initial dose 1 mg/Kg/min, and then was adjusted as necessary to the bispectral index values vary between 65 and 75. The same method was employed for GT, using thiopental instead propofol, at the dose of 10 mg/Kg for induction followed the initial dose of 1 mg/Kg/min. Data collection of the variables of interest in both groups began 20 minutes after induction of anesthesia (M0) and new measurements were made at 15 minutes intervals for a period ...
https://acervodigital.unesp.br/handle/11449/122120
Fospropofol - WikipediaFospropofol - Wikipedia
Fospropofol (INN), often used as the disodium salt (trade name Lusedra) is an intravenous sedative-hypnotic agent. It is currently approved for use in sedation of adult patients undergoing diagnostic or therapeutic procedures such as endoscopy. Several water-soluble derivatives and prodrugs of the widely used intravenous anesthetic agent propofol have been developed, of which fospropofol has been found to be the most suitable for clinical development thus far. Purported advantages of this water-soluble chemical compound include less pain at the site of intravenous administration, less potential for hyperlipidemia with long-term administration, and less chance for bacteremia.[citation needed] Often, fospropofol is administered in conjunction with an opioid such as fentanyl.[citation needed] Fospropofol is a prodrug of propofol; it is metabolized by alkaline phosphatases to an active metabolite, propofol. Initial trial results on fospropofol pharmacokinetics were retracted by the investigators. As ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fospropofol
Rebel Science • View topic - Propofol binding siteRebel Science • View topic - Propofol binding site
Very interesting. I have some caveats, though. The deficiency observed in the GABA-A alpha-1 receptors of ALS patients is a logical target for therapeutic drugs. However, there are good reasons to suppose that GABA-A deficiency is not common to all ALS patients. This is why propofol works for some but not others. Still, I disagree with the claim that the effect of propofol is as short lasting as they make it out to be. Various reports from those who have tried it point to a beneficial effect (e.g., a recovery of a lost function) lasting up to a month or more. So, its certain that propofol can continue to cause the potentiation of GABA-A receptors long after the hypnotic effect is gone. What this research is showing is that it should be possible to make the potentiation permanent, which would be an enormous breakthrough ...
http://www.rebelscience.org/discussion/viewtopic.php?p=377
Population pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamics analysis of lipid emulsion propofol in pediatric patients | PAGANZPopulation pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamics analysis of lipid emulsion propofol in pediatric patients | PAGANZ
Aim: This study aimed to characterize the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of lipid emulsion propofol administered by a target-controlled infusion (TCI) anesthesia in pediatric surgery.. Method: Forty patients (ASA PS 1,2) aged 2-12 years were given an intravenous bolus of 2% propofol (Fresofol?, Fresenius Kabi Korea Ltd., Korea) 3 mg/kg, followed by continuous infusion at the rate of 200 mg/kg/min for variable periods. Arterial concentrations of propofol were measured at preset intervals and bispectral index (BIS) values were recorded throughout the study period. Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic characteristics were evaluated using a population analysis with nonlinear mixed effects modeling.. Results: Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of propofol in children were best described by a two compartment model and inhibitory sigmoid Emax with effect-compartment model, respectively. The pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic models were directly connected by effect compartment. The final ...
https://www.paganz.org/abstracts/population-pharmacokinetic-and-pharmacodynamics-analysis-of-lipid-emulsion-propofol-in-pediatric-patients/
What are the after effects of propofolWhat are the after effects of propofol
0183;&32;Like other opioids, Narcan can be given to block and reverse the effects of an overdose of fentanyl. Unfortunately Propofol is very irritating and causes a burning pain in the arms of many people when injected. &0183;&32;These formulas are typically rich in choline and methionine, two important nutrients for the liver, along with supportive nutrients and/or what are the after effects of propofol herbals. Seven, or what are the after effects of propofol 28%, had died using the drug. Dosage for propofol, as for all licensed drugs, is governed by the FDA. If you feel that the scope is. Even then, some need to have their arms and legs restrained to.. Conclusions: We conclude that propofol functions as a reward; that patients enjoy its acute effects; and that no residual after-effects should arise. &0183;&32;Effects of Anesthesia on Elderly Patients General anesthesia does carry a higher risk for the elderly population, admits Damon Raskin, MD, a board-certified internist what and medical ...
http://jmab.dig-media.ru/347621-76
propofol dosage calculatorpropofol dosage calculator
Dosage Calculations This unit looks at drug calculations. -Maintenance (Titrated to Clinical Response): 100 mcg/kg/min to 150 mcg/kg/min IV -When an opioid is used as the primary agent, propofol maintenance rates should not be less than 50 mcg/kg/min, and care should be taken to ensure amnesia. -Safety and efficacy have not been established in patients younger than 16 years for intensive care unit (ICU) sedation of intubated, mechanically ventilated patients. Nevertheless, the exact propofol dosage in CF Dexdomitor/Ketamine/Torbutrol (Kitty Magic) Dosing. -This drug is not recommended by the manufacturer for obstetrics, including Cesarean section deliveries as it crosses the placenta, and may be associated with neonatal depression. Uses: Propofol (Propofol Injectable Emulsion) may treat, side effects, dosage, drug interactions, warnings, patient labeling, reviews, and related medications including drug comparison and health resources. 10. F. As with propofol, the ketamine infusion rate was ...
http://thekineticist.com/saloon-or-ygi/m8p6n.php?page=propofol-dosage-calculator-081f8f
Sepsis-induced liver dysfunction was ameliorated by propofol via suppressing hepatic lipid peroxidation, inflammation, and drug...Sepsis-induced liver dysfunction was ameliorated by propofol via suppressing hepatic lipid peroxidation, inflammation, and drug...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Sepsis-induced liver dysfunction was ameliorated by propofol via suppressing hepatic lipid peroxidation, inflammation, and drug interactions. AU - Wu, Gong Jhe. AU - Lin, Yung Wei. AU - Tsai, Hsiao Chien. AU - Lee, Yuan Wen. AU - Chen, Jui Tai. AU - Chen, Ruei Ming. PY - 2018/11/15. Y1 - 2018/11/15. N2 - Aims: Our previous study showed that propofol can protect against sepsis-induced insults through suppressing liver nitrosation and inflammation. This study further evaluated the mechanisms of propofol-caused protection from sepsis-induced liver dysfunction. Main methods: Male Wistar rats were subjected to cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) and then exposed to propofol. Levels of hepatic oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation were consecutively measured. Expressions of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-4 messenger (m)RNA or proteins were quantified. Effects of propofol on microsomal pentoxyresorufin O-dealkelase (PROD) and ethoxycoumarin O-deethylase ...
https://tmu.pure.elsevier.com/zh/publications/sepsis-induced-liver-dysfunction-was-ameliorated-by-propofol-via-
Effects of embryonic propofol exposure on axonal growth and locomotor activity in zebrafish | SmartTotsEffects of embryonic propofol exposure on axonal growth and locomotor activity in zebrafish | SmartTots
Prenatal propofol exposure induced neurotoxicity in the developing brains and led to persistent learning deficits in the offspring. Our goal was to use zebrafish to explore whether the decline in learning and memory was correlated with inhibition of neuronal growth after propofol exposure. Zebrafish embryos at 6 hours postfertilization (hpf) were exposed to control or 1, 2 or 4 μg/mL propofol until 48 hpf. Spontaneous locomotor activity and swimming behavior in response to dark‐to‐light photoperiod stimulation were studied in zebrafish larvae at 6 days postfertilization (dpf). The adaptability to repeated stimulation was used to indicate learning and memory function of larvae. Transgenic NBT line zebrafish was used to quantitate the effect of propofol on motor neuronal growth of embryos in vivo. Six dpf transgenic zebrafish larvae went through photoperiod stimulation after their neuronal length had been analyzed during the embryonic period. Our data indicate that embryonic exposure to 1, 2 ...
http://smarttots.org/effects-of-embryonic-propofol-exposure-on-axonal-growth-and-locomotor-activity-in-zebrafish/
Propofol in Anesthesia. Mechanism of Action, Structure-Activity Relationships, and Drug Delivery | Bentham SciencePropofol in Anesthesia. Mechanism of Action, Structure-Activity Relationships, and Drug Delivery | Bentham Science
Title: Propofol in Anesthesia. Mechanism of Action, Structure-Activity Relationships, and Drug Delivery. VOLUME: 7 ISSUE: 2. Author(s):Giuseppe M. Trapani, Cosimo Altomare, Enrico Sanna, Giovanni Biggio and Gaetano Liso. Affiliation:CHUL Research Center,2705 Laurier Blvd, Quebec (Quebec) G1V 4G2, Canada. Keywords:propofol, 2 diisoprovpylphenol, drug delivery, aminobutyric acid GABA, GABAa receptor, site specific chemical delivery system CDS, cloned GABA A Receptor, anticonvulsant, anxiolytic effects, alkylphenols, hypnotic activity, STERIMOL Descriptors, pharmacokinetic, drug monitoring, metabolism, toxicology, salmonella mutation, lipid formulations, saccharomices cerevisiae, prodrugs, chemical delivery systems CDS, target controlled infusion TCI, CLINICAL USE, Anesthesia, tomidate. Abstract: Propofol (2,6-diisopropylphenol) is becoming the intravenous anesthetic of choice for ambulatory surgery in outpatients. It is extensively metabolized, with most of the administered dose appearing in the ...
https://www.eurekaselect.com/65739/article/propofol-anesthesia-mechanism-action-structure-activity-relationships-and-drug?tracking-code=4
GastroHep News StoryGastroHep News Story
Patients in Group 1 received propofol alone titrated to deep sedation, and those in Group 2 had fentanyl plus propofol.. The team randomized patients in Group 3 to midazolam plus propofol.. Patients in Group 4 received fentanyl plus midazolam plus propofol.. Patients receiving propofol alone received higher doses of propofol and had deeper sedation scores compared with combination therapy.. The researchers found that patients receiving combination regimens were discharged more quickly than those receiving propofol alone.. There were no differences in vital signs or oxygen saturations among the study arms.. The team observed no significant differences in pain or satisfaction among the study arms in the recovery area.. At a follow-up phone call, patients receiving fentanyl and propofol remembered more of the procedure than those in the other regimens.. In addition, the team noted that with fentanyl and propofol patients remembered more pain than those receiving propofol alone.. Dr VanNatta and ...
https://www.gastrohep.com/news/news.asp?id=54703
Pharmacokinetic Model Selection for Target Controlled Infusions of Propofol:Assessment of Three Parameter Sets | Anesthesiology...Pharmacokinetic Model Selection for Target Controlled Infusions of Propofol:Assessment of Three Parameter Sets | Anesthesiology...
The Dyck parameter set was derived from arterial blood samples and the Marsh set from a modification of a model published by White and Kenny [28] and Gepts et al., [29] in which arterial sampling was performed. The Tackley set was calculated after venous sampling. When comparing predicted and measured concentrations, the sampling site used for modeling and for evaluation and the time of sampling may influence the results. Chiou [30,31] has reviewed the phenomenon of dependence of drug concentration on sampling site and has pointed out that profiles of concentration in blood or plasma from different sampling sites can lead to the calculation of widely differing pharmacokinetic parameters. The significant arteriovenous propofol concentrations occurring during our TCI study differ from the findings of Major et al., [32] who, using the previous propofol formulation in Cremophor-EL found negligible AV differences in concentration after a single propofol dose (2 mg/kg administered over a 60-s period) ...
http://anesthesiology.pubs.asahq.org/article.aspx?articleid=1949971
Application of physiology-based pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic modeling to individualized target-controlled propofol...Application of physiology-based pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic modeling to individualized target-controlled propofol...
This study compared the ability of the physiology-based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model with that of compartmental models used in propofol infusion devices to predict the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of propofol in various patient groups (children, pregnant women, young men, normal weight adul …
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16644615/
Spectral Pattern Analysis of Propofol Induced Spindle Oscillations in the Presence of Auditory Stimulations [Abstract]Spectral Pattern Analysis of Propofol Induced Spindle Oscillations in the Presence of Auditory Stimulations [Abstract]
This studys primary objective is to analyze human EEG spindle oscillations during propofol-induced anesthesia and to address possible activation sources. Such an analysis also has a secondary role of investigating the short- term spectral patterns and their functional role.. Artifact-free epochs of spindle activations were selected from the electroencephalograms of patients undergoing propofol anesthesia. Power spectral analysis and source localization using standardized low-resolution-brain-electromagnetic-tomography (sLORETA) were performed. Additionally, spectrograms were obtained by means of using the Complex Morlet-based algorithm. In order to highlight the functional properties, auditory stimulations were conducted during the propofol administration. The loss of consciousness was reached at a level of 0.8-1.2 µg/mL, which also provided distinct spindle oscillations in the continuous EEG. The un-evoked (spontaneous) and evoked (auditory) conditions were examined across non-medicated and ...
https://openneuroimagingjournal.com/VOLUME/4/PAGE/121/ABSTRACT/
The effect of midazolam and propofol on interleukin-8 from human polymorphonuclear leukocytes<...The effect of midazolam and propofol on interleukin-8 from human polymorphonuclear leukocytes<...
TY - JOUR. T1 - The effect of midazolam and propofol on interleukin-8 from human polymorphonuclear leukocytes. AU - Galley, Helen F.. AU - Dubbels, Anne M.. AU - Webster, Nigel R.. PY - 1998/6/11. Y1 - 1998/6/11. N2 - Anesthetics and sedatives contribute to postoperative immunosuppression. Interleukin-8 (IL-8) is a chemotactic and activating factor that mediates neutrophil adhesion and margination and is essential for host defense. We investigated the effect of anesthetics on isolated human polymorphonuclear leukocyte production of IL-8. Healthy human polymorphonuclear leukocytes were isolated using a single-step density gradient and stimulated with lipopolysaccharide in the presence of varying concentrations of propofol or midazolam for up to 20 h. IL-8 was measured in both culture supernatants and cell lysates using enzyme immunoassay, and IL-8 mRNA in cells was measured using Northern blotting and phosphorimaging. Data were analyzed using Kruskal-Wallis analysis of variance or the ...
https://abdn.pure.elsevier.com/en/publications/the-effect-of-midazolam-and-propofol-on-interleukin-8-from-human-
Effect of container on the physicochemical stability of propofol injec by L.-J. Wei, H.-Y. Yu et al.Effect of container on the physicochemical stability of propofol injec by L.-J. Wei, H.-Y. Yu et al.
Effects of glass and plastic containers on the physicochemical properties of propofol injectable emulsion consisting of medium-chain triglycerides (MCTs) and long-chain triglycerides (LCTs) after being diluted with 0.9% NaCl were evaluated. Propofol MCT/LCT reconstituted with normal saline to 2.0 mg/mL, 2.5 mg/mL, 3.0 mg/mL, 4.0 mg/mL, and 5.0 mg/mL were packaged into glass (type II soda-lime-silica), polyvinyl chloride (PVC) soft bag, and non-PVC soft bag (Cryovac®polyolefin soft bag container), and then stored at ambient temperature/humidity (25 ± 2 °C/50 ± 5% RH) for 3 days to test its stability. We found that the pH and osmolarity of propofol injectable emulsions were consistent among different formulations. All formulations packaged in glass and plastic containers were stable for 6 hours; the globule size distribution of these emulsions met the requirements described in Chapter 729 of the United States Pharmacopeia. However, propofol formulations of higher concentrations (3.0 mg/mL, 4.0 mg/mL,
https://www.jfda-online.com/journal/vol21/iss4/61/
Propofol Infusion Syndrome - ICM Case SummariesPropofol Infusion Syndrome - ICM Case Summaries
A 28-year-old man was involved in a high-speed road traffic accident suffering severe head injury (diffuse axonal injury) with bilateral haemopneumothoraces and pulmonary contusions. He was transferred intubated and ventilated to the neurointensive care unit from a district general hospital for intra-cranial pressure (ICP) monitoring. He was initially managed with bilateral chest drains and conservative neuroprotective…
https://icmcasesummaries.com/2016/11/07/propofol-infusion-syndrome/comment-page-1/
Propofol may increase caspase and MAPK pathways, and suppress the Akt pathway to induce apoptosis in MA‑10 mouse Leydig tumor...Propofol may increase caspase and MAPK pathways, and suppress the Akt pathway to induce apoptosis in MA‑10 mouse Leydig tumor...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Propofol may increase caspase and MAPK pathways, and suppress the Akt pathway to induce apoptosis in MA‑10 mouse Leydig tumor cells. AU - Kang, Fu Chi. AU - Wang, Shu Chun. AU - So, Edmund Cheung. AU - Chang, Ming Min. AU - Wong, Kar Lok. AU - Cheng, Ka Shun. AU - Chen, Yung Chia. AU - Huang, Bu Miin. N1 - Funding Information: This work was supported by Chi Mei-NCKU hospital grant CMNCKU10705 (FCK and BMH) and Ministry of Science and Technology MOST 105-2320-B-006-028 (BMH), Taiwan, Republic of China.. PY - 2019/6. Y1 - 2019/6. N2 - In the western world, there is an increasing trend of occurrence in testicular cancer. Treatment of malignant testicular cancer is primarily combined surgery with various chemical drugs. Propofol has been frequently used as an anesthetic and sedative induction agent, which could modulate different γ-aminobutyric acid receptors in the central nervous system. Studies demonstrated that propofol activates endoplasmic reticulum stress to induce ...
https://researchoutput.ncku.edu.tw/en/publications/propofol-may-increase-caspase-and-mapk-pathways-and-suppress-the-
AbstractAbstract
title:Comparison Of haemodynamic fluctuation of intravenous Ketamine with intravenous Propofol - Fentanyl combination in short surgical procedure. Author:Madhavi S Mavani, Sudevi Desai. Keywords:Ketamine, Propofol, Fentany, Minor Surgical Procedures, Haemodynamic Fluctuation. Type:Original Article. Abstract:Background: An increasing interest in intravenous anesthetic agent has resulted from the availability of more effective intravenous agents. Objectives: Comparison of intravenous Ketamine with combination of intravenous Propofol and Fentanyl in ASA Gr. 1 patients of middle age in minor surgical procedures, To compare the haemodynamic fluctuation of intravenous Ketamine with intravenous propofol - fentanyl combination in short surgical procedure and to compare recovery and side-effective in postoperative period of intravenous Ketamine with intravenous propofol- Fentanyl combination in short surgical procedures. Methodology: This observational study includes 20 patients of ASA Grade I of either ...
http://njmr.in/home/abstrct/593/28
AbstractAbstract
title:Comparison Of haemodynamic fluctuation of intravenous Ketamine with intravenous Propofol - Fentanyl combination in short surgical procedure. Author:Madhavi S Mavani, Sudevi Desai. Keywords:Ketamine, Propofol, Fentany, Minor Surgical Procedures, Haemodynamic Fluctuation. Type:Original Article. Abstract:Background: An increasing interest in intravenous anesthetic agent has resulted from the availability of more effective intravenous agents. Objectives: Comparison of intravenous Ketamine with combination of intravenous Propofol and Fentanyl in ASA Gr. 1 patients of middle age in minor surgical procedures, To compare the haemodynamic fluctuation of intravenous Ketamine with intravenous propofol - fentanyl combination in short surgical procedure and to compare recovery and side-effective in postoperative period of intravenous Ketamine with intravenous propofol- Fentanyl combination in short surgical procedures. Methodology: This observational study includes 20 patients of ASA Grade I of either ...
http://njmr.in/home/abstrct/593/
A comparison of respiratory function in pigs anaesthetised by propofol or alfaxalone in combination with dexmedetomidine and...A comparison of respiratory function in pigs anaesthetised by propofol or alfaxalone in combination with dexmedetomidine and...
General anaesthesia in pigs maintained with intravenous drugs such as propofol may cause respiratory depression. Alfaxalone gives less respiratory depression than propofol in some species. The aim of the investigation was to compare respiratory effects of propofol-ketamine-dexmedetomidine and alfaxalone-ketamine-dexmedetomidine in pigs. Sixteen pigs premedicated with ketamine 15 mg/kg and midazolam 1 mg/kg intramuscularly were anaesthetised with propofol or alfaxalone to allow endotracheal intubation, followed by propofol 8 mg/kg/h or alfaxalone 5 mg/kg/h in combination with ketamine 5 mg/kg/h and dexmedetomidine 4 µg/kg/h given as a continuous infusion for 60 min. The pigs breathed spontaneously with an FIO2 of 0.21. Oxygen saturation (SpO2), end-tidal CO2 concentration (PE′CO2), respiratory rate (fR) and inspired tidal volume (VT) were measured, and statistically compared between treatments. If the SpO2 dropped below 80% or if PE′CO2 increased above 10.0 kPa, the pigs were recorded as failing to
https://actavetscand.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s13028-020-0512-y/tables/2
Comparison of the effects of sub-hypnotic concentrations of propofol and halothane on the acute ventilatory response to hypoxia...Comparison of the effects of sub-hypnotic concentrations of propofol and halothane on the acute ventilatory response to hypoxia...
To compare the effects of sub-anaesthetic concentrations of propofol and halothane on the respiratory control system, we have studied the acute ventilatory response to isocapnic hypoxia (AHVR) in 12 adults with and without three different concentrations of propofol and halothane. Target doses for propofol were 0, 0.05, 0.1 and 0.2 of the effective plasma concentration (EC50 = 8.1 micrograms ml-1). Target doses for halothane were 0, 0.05, 0.1 and 0.2 minimum alveolar concentration (MAC = 0.77%). The doses achieved experimentally were 0.01, 0.06, 0.13 and 0.26 of the EC50 for propofol and 0, 0.05, 0.11 and 0.20 MAC for halothane. During the experiment subjects breathed via a mouthpiece from an end-tidal forcing system. End-tidal PO2 (PEO2) was held at 13.3 kPa for 5 min, and then at 6.7 kPa for 5 min. End-tidal PCO2 (PECO2) was held constant at 0.13-0.27 kPa greater than the subjects natural level throughout. The mean values for AHVR with propofol were: 12.8 (SEM 2.4) litre min-1 (0.01 EC50), 10.0 (1.9
https://www.neuroscience.ox.ac.uk/publications/113802
Comparison of the effects of sub-hypnotic concentrations of propofol and halothane on the acute ventilatory response to hypoxia...Comparison of the effects of sub-hypnotic concentrations of propofol and halothane on the acute ventilatory response to hypoxia...
To compare the effects of sub-anaesthetic concentrations of propofol and halothane on the respiratory control system, we have studied the acute ventilatory response to isocapnic hypoxia (AHVR) in 12 adults with and without three different concentrations of propofol and halothane. Target doses for propofol were 0, 0.05, 0.1 and 0.2 of the effective plasma concentration (EC50 = 8.1 micrograms ml-1). Target doses for halothane were 0, 0.05, 0.1 and 0.2 minimum alveolar concentration (MAC = 0.77%). The doses achieved experimentally were 0.01, 0.06, 0.13 and 0.26 of the EC50 for propofol and 0, 0.05, 0.11 and 0.20 MAC for halothane. During the experiment subjects breathed via a mouthpiece from an end-tidal forcing system. End-tidal PO2 (PEO2) was held at 13.3 kPa for 5 min, and then at 6.7 kPa for 5 min. End-tidal PCO2 (PECO2) was held constant at 0.13-0.27 kPa greater than the subjects natural level throughout. The mean values for AHVR with propofol were: 12.8 (SEM 2.4) litre min-1 (0.01 EC50), 10.0 (1.9
https://www.dpag.ox.ac.uk/publications/113802
Potential impact of propofol immediately after motor vehicle accident on later symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder at 6...Potential impact of propofol immediately after motor vehicle accident on later symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder at 6...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Potential impact of propofol immediately after motor vehicle accident on later symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder at 6-month follow up. T2 - a retrospective cohort study. AU - Usuki, Masato. AU - Matsuoka, Yutaka. AU - Nishi, Daisuke. AU - Yonemoto, Naohiro. AU - Matsumura, Kenta. AU - Otomo, Yasuhiro. AU - Kim, Yoshiharu. AU - Kanba, Shigenobu. PY - 2012/10/28. Y1 - 2012/10/28. N2 - Introduction: Critically injured patients are at risk of developing posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Propofol was recently reported to enhance fear memory consolidation retrospectively. Thus, we investigated here whether administration of propofol within 72 h of a motor vehicle accident (MVA) affects the subsequent development of PTSD symptoms.Methods: We examined data obtained from a prospective cohort study of MVA-related injured patients, admitted to the intensive care unit of a general hospital. We investigated the effect of propofol administration within 72 h of MVA on outcome. ...
https://kyushu-u.pure.elsevier.com/en/publications/potential-impact-of-propofol-immediately-after-motor-vehicle-acci
Influence of midazolam on induction dose of propofol<...Influence of midazolam on induction dose of propofol<...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Influence of midazolam on induction dose of propofol. AU - Kapoor, Ruchi. AU - Gopalakrishna, K.. AU - Ambareesha, M.. PY - 2009/1/1. Y1 - 2009/1/1. N2 - Patients & Methods: Fifty ASA Class 1 and 2 adult patients posted for elective surgery were randomly allocated to control and study groups with 25 patients in each groups. The control groups received 10ml of saline while the study group received 0.04mg kg-1 of midazolam diluted to 10ml of saline over one minute. Three minutes later in both the groups, general anaesthesia was induced with propofol 10mg boluses every 15 seconds till endpoint is achieved. The endpoint was defined as first lack of response to command i.e the patient is unable to lift the hand when asked to do so. The dose at which end is achieved is noted. The results were analysed by chi-square test. Results: The dose of propofol required for induction in control group was 2.23mg Kg-1 compared to study group which required 1.3mg kg -1. Thus a 42% reduction in ...
https://manipal.pure.elsevier.com/en/publications/influence-of-midazolam-on-induction-dose-of-propofol
Total Suppression of Cerebral Activity by Thiopental Mimicki... : Anesthesia & AnalgesiaTotal Suppression of Cerebral Activity by Thiopental Mimicki... : Anesthesia & Analgesia
Enting et al. are to be congratulated for their report of a possible thiopental infusion syndrome with similar clinical characteristics to the syndrome we recently reported (1). Unfortunately, their patient succumbed to multisystem organ failure. In our case of cardiogenic shock associated with large-dose propofol infusion, the patient survived after institution of extracorporeal circulation and termination of the propofol infusion (1). This syndrome has not been reported in association with thiopental.. As these authors noted, the propofol infusion syndrome has been extensively reviewed in children and adults (2-14). Although the associations of this syndrome have been described, the exact pathogenesis remains to be determined. There is the possibility that this syndrome may be attributable not only to propofol but also to pentothal. Indeed, this syndrome has been described previously in the setting of status epilepticus (15,16). The possibility exists that this syndrome in status epilepticus ...
http://journals.lww.com/anesthesia-analgesia/Fulltext/2005/06000/Total_Suppression_of_Cerebral_Activity_by.72.aspx
Sabinet | Sedation with alfentanil and propofol for rhizotomies : researchSabinet | Sedation with alfentanil and propofol for rhizotomies : research
Background : Patient safety during sedation for closed rhizotomies is improved when analgesia is optimised, rather than relying on deep sedation for patient comfort. This retrospective study determined the appropriate effect-site concentration (Ce) for alfentanil, in combination with a constant propofol infusion, for optimal pain control during sedation for closed rhizotomies. Airway maintenance is ensured by keeping patients responsive to verbal commands, albeit at the price of inevitable ventilatory depression. Method : The records of patients who received rhizotomies over a six-month period were studied retrospectively. Sixty-three outpatients were included. Patients rated the level of analgesia with each needle placement. If the Ce for alfentanil was adequate, it was kept constant. Otherwise, it was increased in 5 ng/ml increments with each needle placement until analgesia was effective, or up to the maximum Ce for alfentanil of 100 ng/ml. Propofol infusion at a constant Ce of 200 ng/ml was added.
http://journals.co.za/content/medsajaa/20/6/EJC164664
Nurse-administered propofol sedation for gastrointestinal endoscopic procedures: first Nordic results from implementation of a...Nurse-administered propofol sedation for gastrointestinal endoscopic procedures: first Nordic results from implementation of a...
Nurse-administered propofol sedation for gastrointestinal endoscopic procedures: first Nordic results from implementation of a structured training ...
https://www.forskningsdatabasen.dk/catalog/188431168
Propofol sedation | A Penned PointPropofol sedation | A Penned Point
Movie buffs and science fiction fans certainly remember HAL, the computer in 1968s hit movie 2001: A Space Odyssey. Considered one of the greatest villains in film history, HAL was capable of reasoning and language processing to assist the astronauts on their space mission. Ultimately, however, HAL decided that its best course of action was to kill all the astronauts. I am putting myself to the fullest possible use, said HAL, which is all I think that any conscious entity can ever hope to do.. Forty-five years later, the FDA in its wisdom has given premarket approval to the Sedasys® Computer-Assisted Personalized Sedation System, developed by Ethicon Endo-Surgery Inc. The device has the potential to redefine sedation delivery, according to Ethicons press release, with propofol sedation personalized to the needs of each patient, by precisely integrating drug delivery and comprehensive patient monitoring. The Sedasys device is designed for healthy adult patients who undergo ...
https://apennedpoint.com/tag/propofol-sedation/
propofol | The Law Offices of Anthony Rubino, Esq. - Criminal Lawpropofol | The Law Offices of Anthony Rubino, Esq. - Criminal Law
In opening statements, prosecutors said that Dr. Murray was an incompetent physician who improperly used a dangerous anesthetic called propofol to help Jackson sleep and that this misuse ultimately caused Jacksons death.. The defense countered by arguing that Jackson took several pills of the sedative lorazepam on the morning of his death which would be enough to put six people to sleep. They further argued that Jackson then took a self-administered dose of propofol. This final dose, the defense explained, killed Jackson instantly. The defense argued that Jackson accidently killed himself after Doctor Murray refused to administer any more propofol to Jackson for his sleep disorders. They explained that Murray had been attempting to wean Jackson off of propofol by administering other sleep aids (benzodiazepines) to him. Jackson did not want to change the drugs he was taking and therefore began administering the drugs to himself which caused his death.. The defense said, What we will hear is ...
https://www.rubinolaw.com/tag/propofol/
The analgesic effect of propofol associated with the inhibition of hypoxia inducible factor and inflammasome in complex...The analgesic effect of propofol associated with the inhibition of hypoxia inducible factor and inflammasome in complex...
Complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) is related to microcirculation impairment caused by tissue hypoxia and peripheral cytokine overproduction in the affected human limb and chronic post-ischemic pain (CPIP) is considered as an animal model for this intractable disease. Previous studies suggest that the pathogenesis of CPIP involves the hypoxia inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) and an exaggerated regional inflammatory and free radical response. The inhibition of HIF-1α is known to relieve CPIP. So, propofol, as a free radical scavenger, is very likely to be beneficial in terms of relieving CPIP. We set up a CPIP model using the hindpaw of mice. We administered propofol (10 mg/kg) just after the reperfusion period (early stage) and also on the second day (late stage), as treatment. The analysis evaluated the expression of HIF-1α, free radicals, and inflammasome. Propofol administration produced obvious analgesia in both mechanical and thermal evaluation in the early stage of CPIP (2 h after reperfusion).
https://jbiomedsci.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12929-019-0576-z/figures/4
Connectivity Changes Underlying Spectral EEG Changes during Propofol-Induced Loss of Consciousness | Journal of NeuroscienceConnectivity Changes Underlying Spectral EEG Changes during Propofol-Induced Loss of Consciousness | Journal of Neuroscience
The mechanisms underlying anesthesia-induced loss of consciousness remain a matter of debate. Recent electrophysiological reports suggest that while initial propofol infusion provokes an increase in fast rhythms (from beta to gamma range), slow activity (from delta to alpha range) rises selectively during loss of consciousness. Dynamic causal modeling was used to investigate the neural mechanisms mediating these changes in spectral power in humans. We analyzed source-reconstructed data from frontal and parietal cortices during normal wakefulness, propofol-induced mild sedation, and loss of consciousness. Bayesian model selection revealed that the best model for explaining spectral changes across the three states involved changes in corticothalamic interactions. Compared with wakefulness, mild sedation was accounted for by an increase in thalamic excitability, which did not further increase during loss of consciousness. In contrast, loss of consciousness per se was accompanied by a decrease in ...
https://www.jneurosci.org/content/32/20/7082.short
Propofol-Induced Frontal Cortex Disconnection: A Study of Resting-Stat by Pieter Guldenmund, Ithabi S Gantner et al.Propofol-Induced Frontal Cortex Disconnection: A Study of Resting-Stat by Pieter Guldenmund, Ithabi S Gantner et al.
Propofol is one of the most commonly used anesthetics in the world, but much remains unknown about the mechanisms by which it induces loss of consciousness. In this resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging study, we examined qualitative and quantitative changes of resting-state networks (RSNs), total brain connectivity, and mean oscillation frequencies of the regional blood oxygenation level-dependent (BOLD) signal, associated with propofol-induced mild sedation and loss of responsiveness in healthy subjects. We found that detectability of RSNs diminished significantly with loss of responsiveness, and total brain connectivity decreased strongly in the frontal cortex, which was associated with increased mean oscillation frequencies of the BOLD signal. Our results suggest a pivotal role of the frontal cortex in propofol-induced loss of responsiveness.
https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/brainpub/21/
Propofol versus thiopental by target controlled infusion in patients undergoing craniotomy - Minerva Anestesiologica 2014 July...Propofol versus thiopental by target controlled infusion in patients undergoing craniotomy - Minerva Anestesiologica 2014 July...
BACKGROUND: For decades thiopental has been considered as the hypnotic drug of choice for intracranial surgery. However, total intravenous anesthesia performed with thiopental is associated with delayed recovery, whereas early post-operative neurological evaluation is critical. For this reason, target controlled infusion (TCI) of propofol is increasingly used for maintenance of anesthesia. However, a thiopental TCI has never been assessed for this purpose. We tested the hypothesis that a thiopental TCI provides an acceptable way to achieve early recovery compared to a propofol TCI during supratentorial surgery ...
https://www.minervamedica.it/it/riviste/minerva-anestesiologica/articolo.php?cod=R02Y2014N07A0761
Clinical efficacy and safety of propofol or ketamine anaesthesia in dogs premedicated with medetomidine | Veterinary RecordClinical efficacy and safety of propofol or ketamine anaesthesia in dogs premedicated with medetomidine | Veterinary Record
Combinations of medetomidine with either propofol or ketamine were compared for the sedation and induction of anaesthesia in dogs undergoing a variety of surgical (60 per cent) and non.surgical (40 per cent) procedures. Eighty.four dogs were used at four sites. Medetomidine was administered intramuscularly at a dose of 1000 μg/m2 body surface area 10 to 15 minutes before the induction of anaesthesia by the administration of propofol (n = 44) or ketamine (n = 40) dosed to effect. The dogs became sedated by medetomidine after a mean (sd) time of 6.7 (5.4) minutes, and their heart rates and respiration rates decreased. Sixteen of the dogs suffered an adverse effect, 13 of them vomited. Anaesthesia was induced by the intravenous administration of propofol (2.1 [0.7] mg/kg) or ketamine (3.7 [1.9] mg/kg), and further doses of the anaesthetic were given, depending on the length of the operation, once in 17 per cent, twice in 11 per cent and three or more times in 24 per cent of the cases. The heart ...
http://veterinaryrecord.bmj.com/content/142/23/631
Actavis documents ANDA to advertise Propofol Injection Actavis.Actavis documents ANDA to advertise Propofol Injection Actavis.
Actavis documents ANDA to advertise Propofol Injection Actavis, Inc. today confirmed that it has filed an Abbreviated New Drug Program with the U priligy online .S. Food and Medication Administration seeking authorization to market Propofol Injection 10mg/mL. Fresenius Kabi USA, On June 6 LLC filed suit against Actavis, 2013, in the U.S. District Courtroom for the District of Delaware seeking to prevent Actavis from commercializing its ANDA item before the expiration of certain U.S. Patents. Related StoriesMylan announces U.S. Release of generic AXERT tabletsMylan announces U.S.S.. It is not recommended to scrub the affected section of the skin as it could aggravate the problem. If nothing seems to work, it is advisable to visit a dermatologist and seek medical assistance. There are numerous medications to cure the nagging problem of acne. The antibiotics as well as retinoids are of help in treating acne on the hands. So far as the medicines are concerned, there are oral and topical formulations ...
http://www.nut-trition.com/actavis-documents-anda-to-advertise-propofol-injection-actavis.html
EMF » Propofol on trial for headaches in the Emergency Department settingEMF » Propofol on trial for headaches in the Emergency Department setting
Headache is a common and frequently disabling clinical disorder that accounts for nearly 2% of all emergency department presentations. Often patients are experiencing a headache that is not responding to commonly available medications. However, there is no good evidence to support which available hospital medications consistently offer effective pain relief to individuals with these types of refractory headache. Understandably this is a challenging scenario in the emergency department setting for both the patient and physician that often leads to inadequate or unsatisfactory symptom relief.. In a few small trials, there has been promising evidence that the medication propofol is potentially an effective, safe and quick treatment alternative for stubborn headaches. It is important to note that propofol is not a new medication and is routinely used on a daily basis throughout hospitals for both general anaesthesia and procedural sedation.. It is the intention of this research project to ...
http://emergencyfoundation.org.au/projects/propofol-on-trial-for-headaches-in-the-emergency-department-setting/
Multicenter clinical evaluation of a multi-dose formulation of propofol in the dog | BMC Veterinary Research | Full TextMulticenter clinical evaluation of a multi-dose formulation of propofol in the dog | BMC Veterinary Research | Full Text
Prior multicenter clinical studies have confirmed propofol as a fast-acting anesthetic agent, with a favorable recovery and safety profile [1, 3]. The single-use formulations of this drug, however, do not allow multiple withdrawals for more than six hours from first penetration which can result in wastage of the unused drug. The purpose of this study was to demonstrate the safety and efficacy of MDP under a wide range of clinical circumstances. Results of this study suggest that the addition of benzyl alcohol to the formulation of the sterile injectable has the potential to reduce wastage by allowing a shelf-life of up to 28 days after the initial withdrawal/needle penetration without altering the safety or efficacy of the preparation. While direct comparisons cannot be made in the absence of control groups in which preservative-free propofol was used, results of dosing and prevalence of side effects can be compared to those from published studies on single-use propofol.. The population in this ...
https://bmcvetres.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1746-6148-9-261
Propofol prevents electroconvulsive-shock-induced memory impairment th | NDTPropofol prevents electroconvulsive-shock-induced memory impairment th | NDT
Propofol prevents electroconvulsive-shock-induced memory impairment through regulation of hippocampal synaptic plasticity in a rat model of depression Jie Luo, Su Min, Ke Wei, Jun Cao, Bin Wang, Ping Li, Jun Dong, Yuanyuan Liu Department of Anesthesiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, People’s Republic of China Background: Although a rapid and efficient psychiatric treatment, electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) induces memory impairment. Modified ECT requires anesthesia for safety purposes. Although traditionally found to exert amnesic effects in general anesthesia, which is an inherent part of modified ECT, some anesthetics have been found to protect against ECT-induced cognitive impairment. However, the mechanisms remain unclear. We investigated the effects of propofol (2,6-diisopropylphenol) on memory in depressed rats undergoing electroconvulsive shock (ECS), the analog of ECT in animals, under anesthesia as well as its mechanisms.Methods: Chronic
https://www.dovepress.com/propofol-prevents-electroconvulsive-shock-induced-memory-impairment-th-peer-reviewed-article-NDT
AVMA Comments On DEAs Proposed Controls For Propofol - Veterinary Practice NewsAVMA Comments On DEAs Proposed Controls For Propofol - Veterinary Practice News
The American Veterinary Medical Association reported today that it sent a letter to the Drug Enforcement Agency offering guidance on the DEAs proposal of designating propofol as a Schedule IV drug under the Controlled Substances Act. The DEA issued the proposal in late October based on reports it received concerning the increased abuse of propofol and that the abuse potential is comparable to other Schedule IV substances. Propofol abuse also has a high …
https://www.veterinarypracticenews.com/avma-comments-on-deas-proposed-controls-for-propofol/
Differentiating Drug-related and State-related Effects of Dexmedetomidine and Propofol on the ElectroencephalogramDifferentiating Drug-related and State-related Effects of Dexmedetomidine and Propofol on the Electroencephalogram
BACKGROUND. Differentiating drug-related changes and state-related changes on the electroencephalogram during anesthetic-induced unconsciousness has remained a challenge. To distinguish these, we designed a rigorous experimental protocol with two drugs known to have distinct molecular mechanisms of action. We hypothesized that drug- and state-related changes can be separated.. METHODS: Forty-seven healthy participants were randomized to receive dexmedetomidine (n = 23) or propofol (n = 24) as target-controlled infusions until loss of responsiveness. Then, an attempt was made to arouse the participant to regain responsiveness while keeping the drug infusion constant. Finally, the concentration was increased 1.5-fold to achieve presumable loss of consciousness. We conducted statistical comparisons between the drugs and different states of consciousness for spectral bandwidths, and observed how drug-induced electroencephalogram patterns reversed upon awakening. Cross-frequency coupling was also ...
http://his.diva-portal.org/smash/record.jsf?faces-redirect=true&language=en&searchType=SIMPLE&query=&af=%5B%5D&aq=%5B%5B%5D%5D&aq2=%5B%5B%5D%5D&aqe=%5B%5D&pid=diva2%3A1219087&noOfRows=50&sortOrder=author_sort_asc&sortOrder2=title_sort_asc&onlyFullText=false&sf=all
Etomidate Anesthesia during ERCP Caused More Stable Haemodynamic Responses Compared with Propofol: A Randomized Clinical TrialEtomidate Anesthesia during ERCP Caused More Stable Haemodynamic Responses Compared with Propofol: A Randomized Clinical Trial
In the present study, we investigated the influence of etomidate and propofol on haemodynamics in patients who underwent ERCP. The results showed that etomidate anesthesia during ERCP caused more stable haemodynamic responses compared with propofol.. In our endoscopy center, as a rule, the patients underwent ERCP in the prone position without tracheal intubation. It is known that the prone position may lead to inhibition of breathing because of airway obstruction. To reduce the incidence of respiratory depression caused by opioid agents, patients received pethidine pretreatment (100mg i.m.) instead of intravenous opioids. The absorption of intramuscular injection of drugs may be irregular and a confounding factor to the hemodynamic stability. Patients in both groups received pethidine pretreatment, therefore, the analgesia level could be comparable between two groups. In the present study, no patient experienced desaturation or apnoea, and the incidence of respiratory depression was much lower ...
http://www.medsci.org/v12p0559.htm
What does intravenous anesthetic mean?What does intravenous anesthetic mean?
Definition of intravenous anesthetic in the Definitions.net dictionary. Meaning of intravenous anesthetic. What does intravenous anesthetic mean? Information and translations of intravenous anesthetic in the most comprehensive dictionary definitions resource on the web.
http://www.definitions.net/definition/intravenous%20anesthetic
Propofol post-conditioning alleviates hepatic ischaemia reperfusion injury via BRG1-mediated Nrf2/HO-1 transcriptional...Propofol post-conditioning alleviates hepatic ischaemia reperfusion injury via BRG1-mediated Nrf2/HO-1 transcriptional...
To explore the effects of propofol post-conditioning (PPC) on hepatic ischaemia/reperfusion injury (HIRI) and the potential mechanisms that might be involved in the interaction of Brahma-related gene1(BRG1) and Nuclear-related factor 2(Nrf2). Patients were randomized into PPC(n = 16) and non-PPC(NPC)( n = 21) groups. Propofol(2 mg/kg) was infused within 10 min. of the onset of liver reperfusion during liver transplantation in the PPC group. Liver function tests, as well as Brg1, Nrf2, Heme oxygenase-1(HO-1) and NADPH:quinone oxidoreductase1(NQO1) expression levels were evaluated. CMV-Brg1 mice were designed to investigate the role of Brg1 overexpression during HIRI. Brg1 and Nrf2 siRNA were used to examine the relationship between Brg1 and Nrf2/HO-1 pathways in propofol-mediated effects in a human hepatocyte(L02) hypoxia/reoxygenation(H/R) model. In patients, PPC attenuated both donor liver pathological and function injury, and reducing oxidative stress markers, compared to the NPC group, 24 hrs ...
https://www.physiciansweekly.com/propofol-post-conditioning-alleviates-hepatic-ischaemia-reperfusion-injury-via-brg1-mediated-nrf2ho-1-transcriptional-activation-in-human-and-mice/
ClinMed International Library | The Evaluation of 1-Physician Versus 2-Physician Deep Sedation with Propofol | International...ClinMed International Library | The Evaluation of 1-Physician Versus 2-Physician Deep Sedation with Propofol | International...
Emergency physicians routinely perform emergency department procedural sedation (EDPS) with propofol and its safety is well established. However, in 2009 the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) enacted guidelines defining propofol as deep sedation and requiring administration by a physician.
https://clinmedjournals.org/articles/ijaa/international-journal-of-anesthetics-and-anesthesiology-ijaa-3-040.php?jid=ijaa
Propofol Modulates γ-Aminobutyric Acid-mediated Inhibitory Neurotransmission to Cardiac Vagal Neurons in the Nucleus Ambiguus<...Propofol Modulates γ-Aminobutyric Acid-mediated Inhibitory Neurotransmission to Cardiac Vagal Neurons in the Nucleus Ambiguus<...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Propofol Modulates γ-Aminobutyric Acid-mediated Inhibitory Neurotransmission to Cardiac Vagal Neurons in the Nucleus Ambiguus. AU - Wang, Xin. AU - Huang, Zheng Gui. AU - Gold, Allison. AU - Bouairi, Evguenia. AU - Evans, Cory. AU - Andresen, Michael C.. AU - Mendelowitz, David. PY - 2004/5/1. Y1 - 2004/5/1. N2 - Background: Although it is well recognized that anesthetics modulate the central control of cardiorespiratory homeostasis, the cellular mechanisms by which anesthetics alter cardiac parasympathetic activity are poorly understood. One common site of action of anesthetics is inhibitory neurotransmission. This study investigates the effect of propofol on γ-aminobutyric acid-mediated (GABAergic) and glycinergic neurotransmission to cardiac parasympathetic neurons. Methods: Cardiac parasympathetic neurons were identified in vitro by the presence of a retrograde fluorescent tracer, and spontaneous GABAergic and glycinergic synaptic currents were examined using whole cell ...
https://ohsu.pure.elsevier.com/en/publications/propofol-modulates-%CE%B3-aminobutyric-acid-mediated-inhibitory-neurot-2
Etomidate exposure in early infant mice (P10) does not induce apoptosis or affect behaviourEtomidate exposure in early infant mice (P10) does not induce apoptosis or affect behaviour
Background. Numerous animal studies have shown that all commonly used intravenous anaesthetic drugs and volatile agents may cause neuronal apoptosis following exposure in early life. Most studies have focussed on detecting increased apoptosis but their methods are not always readily transferrable to humans.. The lipid formulation of etomidate represents an alternative to the currently established intravenous anaesthetic agents but there is no animal or human data on apoptosis or long-term behavioural changes. The aim of our study was to investigate the effects of etomidate on cerebral neuronal apoptosis and long-term behavioural effects using an established mouse model that represents the clinically relevant period of anaesthesia during early infancy in humans.. Methods. Six groups of 10 day old mice (P10) were injected with either etomidate 0.3, 3 or 10 mg/kg, propofol 60 mg/kg, ketamine 50 mg/kg or placebo only. Apoptosis in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus was assessed 24 h after treatment ...
http://uu.diva-portal.org/smash/record.jsf?pid=diva2:925013
Rocuronium Bromid Kabi - Fresenius Kabi EgyptRocuronium Bromid Kabi - Fresenius Kabi Egypt
Rocuronium Kabi is the drug of choice for muscle relaxation during rapid sequence induction because of its fast onset similar to suxamethonium. It offers flexibility in usage and patient groups, and superior safety (less histamine release, better haemodynamical stability). Rocuronium Kabi is an excellent partner for combination with our world-leading intravenous general anaesthetic propofol.. ...
https://www.fresenius-kabi.com/eg/products/rocuronium-kabi
Emergence from Anesthesia | Clinical Pharmacology for Anesthesiology | AccessAnesthesiology | McGraw-Hill MedicalEmergence from Anesthesia | Clinical Pharmacology for Anesthesiology | AccessAnesthesiology | McGraw-Hill Medical
No definitive outcomes study has explored whether administering a total intravenous anesthetic via TCI or with conventional continuous infusion rates impacts emergence. One might hypothesize that if administering a lengthy anesthetic, TCI would provide a more economical anesthetic and avoid unnecessary drug delivery that would perhaps delay emergence. Figure 30-1 presents a simulation of 2 intravenous techniques: one using TCI and the other set infusion rates for 2, 4, 6, and 8 hours. Both approaches used a high-dose remifentanil and low dose propofol technique. In fact the TCI target effect-site concentrations were selected to be near the effect-site concentrations that resulted from propofol infusions of 100 mcg/kg/min and remifentanil 0.2 mcg/kg/min. In general, with increasing duration of the anesthetic, the simulation predicted the time to emergence would become longer. Time to emergence was defined as the time required for the model of loss of responsiveness to predict that only 1 out of ...
http://accessanesthesiology.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?bookid=1181§ionid=65653595
Numb with nightmares | Journal of Anaesthesia PracticeNumb with nightmares | Journal of Anaesthesia Practice
Some types of anaesthetics cause an increase in the level of lactate production in unconscious childrens brains, causing delirium.. Two commonly used anaesthetics produce different metabolic patterns in the brains of children, according to a study from Anesthesiology. Researchers from Stony Brook University, New York, found the inhalant gas anaesthetic sevoflurane produced more lactate, a marker for enhanced or changed brain metabolism, compared to the intravenous anaesthetic propofol.. While past paediatric literature has reported that sevoflurane may be associated with emergence delirium, a state of consciousness in which a child is inconsolable, irritable or uncooperative, the study explored the potential association between emergence delirium and specific brain metabolites like lactate.. Applied proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1HMRS) was used to investigate the metabolic consequences of general anaesthesia in the brains of rodents. Findings revealed inhalant gas anaesthetic was ...
http://japractice.co.uk/2013/03/numb-with-nightmares/1214
Comparisons between Desflurane and Isoflurane or Propofol on Time to Following Commands and Time to Discharge | Anesthesiology ...Comparisons between Desflurane and Isoflurane or Propofol on Time to Following Commands and Time to Discharge | Anesthesiology ...
Data were extracted from each manuscript. The following outcomes were identified as important before the literature search was started: (1) time from discontinuation of anesthesia until patients followed simple (i.e., hand-squeezing) commands, (2) time from discontinuation of anesthesia until patients left the first stage (i.e., higher acuity level) of recovery, (3) time from discontinuation of anesthesia until ambulatory surgery patients were discharged from the hospital, (4) group sample size, (5) duration of anesthesia, and (6) dose of volatile anesthetic. Criteria for transfer from the first to the second stage of recovery were inconsistent among studies. Therefore, times to leaving first stage were eliminated from the analysis. However, several papers comparing desflurane to propofol included time from discontinuation of anesthesia until patients sat. We therefore added this outcome to the study but did not analyze it statistically. For the comparison of desflurane to isoflurane, only one ...
https://pubs.asahq.org/anesthesiology/article/83/1/77/35076/Comparisons-between-Desflurane-and-Isoflurane-or
FDA Dispute Panel to Look at Propofol DeviceFDA Dispute Panel to Look at Propofol Device
WASHINGTON -- A medical device company that appealed the FDAs decision not to approve its personalized sedation device will get a hearing before a dispute resolution panel in December. The company, Ethicon Endo-Surgery, a unit of Johnson & Johnson, makes Sedasys, a computer-assisted sedation system that allows doctors or nurses to provide minimal to moderate sedation with propofol during colonoscopy and endoscopy of the upper gastrointestinal tract in healthy adults. Propofol is a
http://www.nurse-anesthesia.org/showthread.php/13823-FDA-Dispute-Panel-to-Look-at-Propofol-Device
A comparison of propofol with a propofol-ketamine combination...A comparison of propofol with a propofol-ketamine combination...
A comparison of propofol with a propofol-ketamine combination for sedation during spinal anesthesia.: Propofol (P) is increasingly used as a sedative during reg
https://www.mysciencework.com/publication/show/comparison-propofol-propofol-ketamine-combination-sedation-during-spinal-anesthesia-8af3ec44
Propofol Impurity-A 2,4-bis(1-methylethyl)phenol Manufacturer, Propofol Impurity-A 2,4-bis(1-methylethyl)phenol Exporter,...Propofol Impurity-A 2,4-bis(1-methylethyl)phenol Manufacturer, Propofol Impurity-A 2,4-bis(1-methylethyl)phenol Exporter,...
CLEANCHEM LABORATORIES LLP is best quality Manufacturer,Supplier and Exporter of Propofol Impurity-A 2,4-bis(1-methylethyl)phenol in Mumbai, Maharashtra, India.
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Propofol Confirmation, Urine - Clinical Reference LaboratoryPropofol Confirmation, Urine - Clinical Reference Laboratory
propofol Confirm - Propofol Confirmation, Urine Our staff of more than 600 associates works around-the-clock to process and report results seven days a week.
https://www.crlcorp.com/product/propofol-confirmation-urine/
Fresofol 1% MCT/LCT (Propofol) - Fresofol 1% MCT/LCT (Propofol) Exporter, Service Provider, Distributor, Supplier, Trading...Fresofol 1% MCT/LCT (Propofol) - Fresofol 1% MCT/LCT (Propofol) Exporter, Service Provider, Distributor, Supplier, Trading...
BHOOMI MARKETING CO. - Exporter, Service Provider, Distributor, Supplier, Trading Company, Wholesaler & Dealer of Fresofol 1% MCT/LCT (Propofol) based in Ahmedabad, India
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Karl KirchweyKarl Kirchwey
ISBN 978-0-399-15727-1. "Propofol". The New Yorker. June 30, 2008. "Lemnos". Poetry. March 2008. "The Red Portrait". Poetry. ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karl_Kirchwey
Brazilian Controlled Drugs and Substances ActBrazilian Controlled Drugs and Substances Act
PROPOFOL 133. PROTIPENDIL 134. PROTRIPTILINE 135. PROXIMETACAINE 136. RISPERIDONE 137. ROPINIROL 138. SELEGILINE 139. ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brazilian_Controlled_Drugs_and_Substances_Act
Jang Mi-inaeJang Mi-inae
The Seoul Central District Court found Jang guilty of taking propofol 410 times over six years (or 5.6 times a month), and she ... CS1 maint: discouraged parameter (link) Park, Eun-jee; Kim, Ki-hwan (26 March 2013). "Celebs charged with propofol abuse are ... CS1 maint: discouraged parameter (link) Lee, Kyung-min (20 May 2013). "Propofol scandal might not be true". The Korea Times. ... CS1 maint: discouraged parameter (link) Kang, Hyun-kyung (25 March 2013). "Actresses deny abuse of propofol". The Korea Times. ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jang_Mi-inae
MidazolamMidazolam
De Cosmo G, Congedo E, Clemente A, Aceto P (November 2005). "Sedation in PACU: the role of propofol". Current Drug Targets. 6 ( ... Cox CE, Reed SD, Govert JA, Rodgers JE, Campbell-Bright S, Kress JP, Carson SS (March 2008). "Economic evaluation of propofol ... Midazolam is superior to diazepam in impairing memory of endoscopy procedures, but propofol has a quicker recovery time and a ... However, for long-term sedation, lorazepam is preferred due to its long duration of action, and propofol has advantages over ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Midazolam
Conrad MurrayConrad Murray
Propofol is usually given in a hospital or a clinical setting with close monitoring, mostly used for general anesthesia during ... On June 25, 2009, only weeks after hiring Murray, Michael Jackson died due to a lethal dose of propofol administered by Murray ... He claimed that he tried treating him with other drugs and that he only administered the propofol after Jackson insisted, ... Based on the autopsy and toxicology findings, the cause of Jackson's death was determined to be acute propofol intoxication ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conrad_Murray
Health and appearance of Michael JacksonHealth and appearance of Michael Jackson
An overdose of propofol can cause the patient to stop breathing, leading to a shortage of oxygen and a buildup of carbon ... "Nurse: Jackson thought propofol safe with monitoring". USATODAY.COM. Retrieved March 22, 2019. Elber, Lynn (June 30, 2009). "AP ... While preparing for a series of London comeback concerts scheduled to begin in July 2009, Jackson died of acute propofol and ... he said Jackson always insisted on the presence of an anesthetist when Propofol was administered. Jackson was 5 ft 9 in (1.75 m ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Health_and_appearance_of_Michael_Jackson
Rapid sequence inductionRapid sequence induction
At prolonged high propofol dosages, it can induce propofol infusion syndrome. Pain during peripheral administration of propofol ... In the elderly, the rate of propofol clearance is low. Therefore, lower doses of propofol (50 to 100 mg) should be given. It is ... For those with bronchospasm, propofol also has mild bronchodilating effect. However, propofol can induce hypotension and ... Propofol - It is a highly lipid-soluble, GABA agonist. The dosage is 1.5 mg/kg (usually 100 to 200 mg). It has quick onset of ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rapid_sequence_induction
Bispectral indexBispectral index
The BIS is an electroencephalogram-derived multivariant scale that, when a drug such a propofol is used, correlates with the ... 1997). "Recovery of consciousness after thiopental or propofol. Bispectral index and isolated forearm technique". ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bispectral_index
Genetics of migraine headachesGenetics of migraine headaches
unreliable medical source?]Krusz, John Claude; Scott, Virginia; Belanger, Jeanne (27 March 2000). "Intravenous propofol: unique ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genetics_of_migraine_headaches
Postoperative nausea and vomitingPostoperative nausea and vomiting
The intravenous anaesthetic propofol is currently the least emetogenic general anaesthetic. These medications are thought to ... Propofol, an anesthetic medication, confers its own antiemetic properties. The 2020 Cochrane Anaesthesia Review Group review of ... A 2008 study compared 121 Japanese patients who experienced PONV after being given the general anesthetic propofol to 790 ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Postoperative_nausea_and_vomiting
Information fluctuation complexityInformation fluctuation complexity
Bola, Michał; Orłowski, Paweł; Płomecka, Martyna; Marchewka, Artur (2019-01-30). "EEG signal diversity during propofol sedation ... and propofol-induced unconsciousness". Neuroscience Letters. 653: 320-325. doi:10.1016/j.neulet.2017.05.045. ISSN 0304-3940. ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Information_fluctuation_complexity
Hyun YoungHyun Young
Ko, Hong-ju (March 13, 2013). "Hyun Young Apologizes for Her Involvement in the Propofol Case". enewsWorld. Archived from the ... During a 2013 investigation into propofol abuse among celebrities, Hyun Young admitted to getting doctor-prescribed injections ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyun_Young
Surgical stressSurgical stress
Total intravenous anesthesia with methohexital-alfentanil or propofol-alfentanil in hypogastric laparotomy. Clinical aspects ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surgical_stress
BronchoscopyBronchoscopy
During the procedure, sedatives such as midazolam or propofol may be used. A local anesthetic is often given to anesthetize the ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bronchoscopy
Disorders of consciousnessDisorders of consciousness
Lowest value (28% of normal range) have been reported during propofol anesthesia. Also deep sleep represents a phase of ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Disorders_of_consciousness
Theories of general anaesthetic actionTheories of general anaesthetic action
Hemmings HC Jr; Adamo AI (1994). "Effects of halothane and propofol on purified brain protein kinase C activation". ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theories_of_general_anaesthetic_action
Target controlled infusionTarget controlled infusion
TCI has been used in clinical settings since 1996, initially with propofol. General anaesthesia#tci Absalom, Anthony R.; Glen, ... vs manually controlled infusion of propofol for anaesthesia". Anaesth Intensive Care. 27 (3): 260-4. doi:10.1177/ ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Target_controlled_infusion
Procedural sedation and analgesiaProcedural sedation and analgesia
Propofol[edit]. Propofol[5] is a non-barbiturate derivative that is thought to act by stimulating inhibitory GABA receptors and ... It takes 40 seconds for the effects of propofol to kick in, and effects lasts 6 minutes. Propofol has both sedative and ... Propofol is also painful when administered intravenously, therefore, lidocaine is commonly used as a pretreatment to help ... It was commonly used with midazolam for effective PSA prior to propofol and etomidate. The major complication of fentanyl is ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conscious_sedation
EtomidateEtomidate
In emergency settings, etomidate was one of the most frequently used sedative hypnotic agents, however propofol is now usually ... Drexler, B; Jurd, R; Rudolph, U; Antkowiak, B (2009). "Distinct actions of etomidate and propofol at beta3-containing gamma- ... Miner, JR; Danahy, M; Moch, A; Biros, M (2007). "Randomized clinical trial of etomidate versus propofol for procedural sedation ... Increase in Venous Complications Associated With Etomidate Use During a Propofol Shortage: An Example of Clinically Important ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Etomidate
Shmuley BoteachShmuley Boteach
After Jackson died of acute propofol intoxication in 2009, Boteach published The Michael Jackson Tapes. The book was drawn from ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shmuley_Boteach
Paul Frederick WhitePaul Frederick White
Steven Shafer, did not show how Jackson would have responded to the drug propofol. White was one of the first to test propofol ... In his second day on the stand, White testified that Jackson probably caused his death by injecting himself with propofol while ... White also stated that Murray's treatment of Jackson with propofol was not inappropriate because off-label drug use by doctors ... White based his conclusion on the level of propofol in Jackson's urine during the autopsy. White also testified that Jackson ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_Frederick_White
General anaestheticGeneral anaesthetic
Such drugs include propofol, etomidate, isoflurane, benzodiazepines (midazolam, lorazepam, diazepam), and barbiturates (sodium ... Among the most widely used drugs are: Propofol Etomidate Barbiturates such as methohexital and thiopentone/thiopental ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/General_anaesthetic
Malcolm VandenBurgMalcolm VandenBurg
VandenBurg advised the UK press on the use of propofol in the Death of Michael Jackson. Johnson, P; Andrews, DC; Wells, S; De ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malcolm_VandenBurg
BicoherenceBicoherence
Ketamine increases the frequency of electroencephalographic bicoherence peak on the alpha spindle area induced with propofol. ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bicoherence
Number Ones (Janet Jackson album)Number Ones (Janet Jackson album)
Lynn Redmond and Muriel Pearson, "Janet Shocked by Michael Jackson's Propofol Use", ABC News, November 19, 2009. "Janet Opens ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Number_Ones_(Janet_Jackson_album)
AnestheticAnesthetic
Propofol is one of the most commonly used intravenous drugs employed to induce and maintain general anesthesia. It can also be ... Benzodiazepines Diazepam Lorazepam Midazolam Etomidate Ketamine Propofol The two barbiturates mentioned above, thiopental and ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anesthetic
GABA analogueGABA analogue
GABA-T inhibitor Bamaluzole Bicuculline Deramciclane Ethanol Fengabine Gabapentinoid Loreclezole Propofol Retigabine/ezogabine ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GABA_analogue
Remote ischemic conditioningRemote ischemic conditioning
Bernard Gersh wrote that the use of propofol rather than volatile anesthesia appeared to be a common denominator in all studies ... This study did not use propofol, and a three-month follow-up found that RIC treatment improved clinical outcomes. Researchers ... Gerd Heusch's lab showed that propofol abolishes the phosphorylation of STAT5, a key survival molecule that is activated by RIC ... However, while patients who received the anesthetic isoflurane benefited from the treatment, the anesthetic propofol blocked ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Remote_ischemic_conditioning
Veterinary anesthesiaVeterinary anesthesia
Propofol is commonly used in small animal anesthesia, however it is rarely used in large animals due to the cost. 'Propoclear' ... is also commonly used in smaller branches of small animal surgery as it has a longer shelf life once opened than propofol ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Veterinary_anesthesia
CaptodiameCaptodiame
... (INN), also known as captodiamine, is an antihistamine sold under the trade names Covatine, Covatix, and Suvren which is used as a sedative and anxiolytic. The structure is related to diphenhydramine.[1] A 2004 study suggested captodiame may be helpful in preventing benzodiazepine withdrawal syndrome in people discontinuing benzodiazepine treatment.[1] In addition to its actions as an antihistamine, captodiamine has been found to act as a 5-HT2C receptor antagonist and σ1 receptor and D3 receptor agonist.[2] It produces antidepressant-like effects in rats.[2] However, captodiamine is unique among antidepressant-like drugs in that it increases brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels in the hypothalamus but not in the frontal cortex or hippocampus.[2] This unique action may be related to its ability to attenuate stress-induced anhedonia and corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) signaling in the hypothalamus.[2] ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Captodiame
OrganismsDiseasesChemicals and DrugsAnalytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and EquipmentPsychiatry and PsychologyPhenomena and ProcessesAnthropology, Education, Sociology and Social PhenomenaTechnology, Industry, AgricultureHumanitiesInformation ScienceNamed GroupsHealth CareGeographicals
PropofolAnesthetics, IntravenousHypnotics and SedativesConscious SedationAnesthetics, CombinedAnesthesia Recovery PeriodThiopentalAnesthetics, InhalationMethyl EthersAlfentanilAnesthesia, GeneralDeep SedationMonitoring, IntraoperativeMidazolamEtomidateMethohexitalFentanylConsciousness MonitorsAnesthetics, GeneralElectroencephalographyAnestheticsAnesthesiaIsofluraneNitrous OxideConsciousnessPiperidinesDose-Response Relationship, DrugInfusions, IntravenousKetamineAnesthetics, DissociativeUnconsciousnessAdjuvants, AnesthesiaEmulsionsInfusion PumpsAmbulatory Surgical ProceduresPreanesthetic MedicationAnesthesia, InhalationIntubation, IntratrachealNew YorkFalconiformesNew York CityPeriodicals as TopicAdvertising as TopicCalcium ChannelsReceptors, GABA-APatch-Clamp TechniquesFamous PersonsInternetDeveloping CountriesSoftwareMedication ErrorsWaiting ListsMedication AdherenceDeveloped Countries
PropofolPropofol
... Matt Jones jonesmat at ohsu.edu Fri Oct 11 11:33:56 EST 1996 *Previous message: Propofol ... We are looking for the receptor type on which propofol is binding to and ,(ultimately) act through. ,Thanks in advance Hi, ... Propofol both potentiates the channel response to GABA, and directly activates the channel in the absence of GABA: Hales and ... 1993) Propofol activates GABA-A receptor-chloride ionophore complex in dissociated hippocampal pyramidal neurons of the rat. ...
http://www.bio.net/bionet/mm/neur-sci/1996-October/025726.html
Consciousness & Brain Functional Complexity in Propofol Anaesthesia | Scientific ReportsConsciousness & Brain Functional Complexity in Propofol Anaesthesia | Scientific Reports
MRI BOLD signal data obtained from individuals undergoing various levels of sedation with the anaesthetic agent propofol, ... Propofol Sedation. Intravenous propofol was administered with a Baxter AS 50 (Singapore). The infusion pump was manually ... Propofol Sedation. Propofol was administered intravenously as a "target controlled infusion" (plasma concentration mode), using ... to assess plasma propofol levels. In total, 6 blood samples were drawn during the study. The mean (SD) measured plasma propofol ...
https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-020-57695-3?error=cookies_not_supported&code=1a6847ec-2785-4459-95fd-f7e3d16e8e3b
PROPOFOL (injection, emulsion) | Dosage and Administration | Healthgrades.comPROPOFOL (injection, emulsion) | Dosage and Administration | Healthgrades.com
The appearance of Propofol can differ based on the dosing. ... PROPOFOL (injection, emulsion) comes in different strengths and ...
https://www.healthgrades.com/drugs/propofol/dosage
2021 Global Propofol Market Trend & Forecast | Medgadget2021 Global Propofol Market Trend & Forecast | Medgadget
... means the sales value of Propofol This report studies Propofol in Global market, especially in Nor ... 3.2 Propofol Product Type, Application and Specification. 3.2.1 Type I. 3.2.2 Type II. 3.3 B.Braun Melsungen AG Propofol ... 2.2 Propofol Product Type, Application and Specification. 2.2.1 Type I. 2.2.2 Type II. 2.3 Fresenius Kabi Propofol Capacity, ... 5.2 Propofol Product Type, Application and Specification. 5.2.1 Type I. 5.2.2 Type II. 5.3 Xian Libang Propofol Capacity, ...
https://www.medgadget.com/2016/10/2021-global-propofol-market-trend-forecast.html
Effect of Valproate on Propofol - Full Text View - ClinicalTrials.govEffect of Valproate on Propofol - Full Text View - ClinicalTrials.gov
Effect of Valproate on Propofol. The safety and scientific validity of this study is the responsibility of the study sponsor ... Propofol. Valproic Acid. Hypnotics and Sedatives. Central Nervous System Depressants. Physiological Effects of Drugs. ... The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of valproate on the required dose of propofol for sedation in patients with ... However, it is very difficult to titrate the dose of propofol for maintaining the adequate sedation depth because of the ...
https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01170377?recr=Open&intr=%22Dental+Care%22&rank=13
FDA Reports the Propofol Shortage is Resolved | American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA)FDA Reports the Propofol Shortage is Resolved | American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA)
FDA Reports the Propofol Shortage is Resolved. The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has officially moved propofol injections ... If you are not able to access adequate quantities of propofol, please contact the FDA at [email protected] and Lisa ... While the FDA has indicated that propofol is currently available, it may take time for facilities to secure product as it moves ...
https://www.asahq.org/advocacy-and-asapac/fda-and-washington-alerts/washington-alerts/2013/06/fda-reports-the-propofol-shortage-is-resolved
Diprivan, Propoven (propofol) Uses, Side Effects, Dosage & InteractionsDiprivan, Propoven (propofol) Uses, Side Effects, Dosage & Interactions
... propofol) includes side effects, uses, drug interactions, dosage, drug pictures, overdose symptoms, and what to avoid. ... propofol (Diprivan, Propoven). Brand Names: Diprivan, Propoven. Generic Name: propofol. *What is propofol (Diprivan, Propoven)? ... Propofol slows the activity of your brain and nervous system.. Propofol is used to help you relax before and during general ... You should not receive propofol if you are allergic to it.. To make sure propofol is safe for you, tell your doctor if you have ...
https://www.emedicinehealth.com/drug-propofol/article_em.htm
PropofolPropofol
Was MJ doing Propofol before Conrad Murray came into the scene? Have MJ went to a sleep clinic to find help in sleeping? There ... are better ways to help sleep with the millions of $ available to MJ beside propofol. With all the money he had, he could take ... What in the world was MJ doing with Propofol and why was Conrad Murray injecting him with that? ... Propofol What in the world was MJ doing with Propofol and why was Conrad Murray injecting him with that? Was MJ doing Propofol ...
https://www.mjjcommunity.com/forum/threads/142574-Propofol?s=8f6d2c7d388415e5173527a3e604c563&p=4254947
Propofol (Diprivan) - Side Effects, Interactions, Uses, Dosage, Warnings | Everyday HealthPropofol (Diprivan) - Side Effects, Interactions, Uses, Dosage, Warnings | Everyday Health
Learn more about Propofol (Diprivan) at EverydayHealth.com. ... Find everything you need to know about Propofol (Diprivan), ... Propofol slows the activity of your brain and nervous system.. Propofol is used to help you relax before and during general ... What should I do if I missed a dose of Propofol (Diprivan)?. Since propofol is given by a healthcare professional in a medical ... You should not receive propofol if you are allergic to it.. To make sure propofol is safe for you, tell your doctor if you have ...
https://www.everydayhealth.com/drugs/propofol
Application of physiology-based pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic modeling to individualized target-controlled propofol...Application of physiology-based pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic modeling to individualized target-controlled propofol...
... that of compartmental models used in propofol infusion devices to predict the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of propofol ... Application of physiology-based pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic modeling to individualized target-controlled propofol ... that of compartmental models used in propofol infusion devices to predict the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of propofol ...
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/16644615/
PROPOFOL | Poisoning & Drug Overdose, 7e | AccessMedicine | McGraw-Hill MedicalPROPOFOL | Poisoning & Drug Overdose, 7e | AccessMedicine | McGraw-Hill Medical
Goralka J.M. Goralka, Joanne M. "PROPOFOL." Poisoning & Drug Overdose, 7e Olson KR, Anderson IB, Benowitz NL, Blanc PD, Clark ... Propofol is considered an antagonist at the N- methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor. It is also an inhibitor of cytochrome P-450 ... Propofol has a high clearance rate estimated at 1.6-3.4 L/min in 70-kg adults. This clearance rate exceeds hepatic blood flow ... Goralka J.M. Goralka, Joanne M.PROPOFOL. In: Olson KR, Anderson IB, Benowitz NL, Blanc PD, Clark RF, Kearney TE, Kim-Katz SY, ...
https://accessmedicine.mhmedical.com/content.aspx?bookid=2284§ionid=248385972
Prolonged Treatment with Propofol Transiently Impairs Proliferation but Not Survival of Rat Neural Progenitor Cells In VitroProlonged Treatment with Propofol Transiently Impairs Proliferation but Not Survival of Rat Neural Progenitor Cells In Vitro
Neither concentration of propofol impaired NPC proliferation when exposure lasted 4 h, but when exposure lasted 24 h, propofol ... Prolonged Treatment with Propofol Transiently Impairs Proliferation but Not Survival of Rat Neural Progenitor Cells In Vitro. ... NPCs isolated from embryonic day 14 Sprague-Dawley rat pups were exposed to 0, 2.5, or 5.0 mu g/ mL of propofol, concentrations ... Using an in vitro system, we tested the hypothesis that prolonged exposure to propofol concentration- and duration-dependently ...
http://www.diva-portal.org/smash/record.jsf?pid=diva2:953328
Anestesia por infusão contínua de propofol associado ao remifentanil em gatos pré-tratados com acepromazinaAnestesia por infusão contínua de propofol associado ao remifentanil em gatos pré-tratados com acepromazina
... com propofol (0,4 mg/kg/min) e remifentanil (0,1 µg/kg/min), e no grupo 3, com propofol (0,4 mg/kg/min) e remifentanil (0,2 µg/ ... MATA, Lukiya Birungi Silva Campos et al. Anestesia por infusão contínua de propofol associado ao remifentanil em gatos pré- ... Keywords : Anestesia; hemogasometria; analgesia; propofol; remifentanil; felinos. · abstract in English · text in Portuguese · ... Em todos eles realizou-se a tranquilização com acepromazina (0,1 mg/kg, IM) e indução anestésica com propofol (6 mg/kg, IV). No ...
http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_abstract&pid=S0034-737X2010000200010&lng=en&nrm=iso&tlng=pt
Particle Size Distribution of Propofol Injection from Ampules and Vials: The Benefits of FilitrationParticle Size Distribution of Propofol Injection from Ampules and Vials: The Benefits of Filitration
... storage and administration of extemporaneously prepared propofol infusions. An additional risk of preparing propofol injection ... The Centers for Disease Control has identified intravenous propofol, a lipid-based medication, as a cause of postoperative ... Related Keywords: Propofol injection, Propofol injection, benefits of filtration of, Propofol, particle size distribution from ... storage and administration of extemporaneously prepared propofol infusions. An additional risk of preparing propofol injection ...
https://ijpc.com/abstracts/abstract.cfm?ABS=613
Rho and Rho Kinase are involved in the signal transduction cascade caused by propofolRho and Rho Kinase are involved in the signal transduction cascade caused by propofol
Propofol and sevoflurane, but not GABA, causes actin rings to be formed in the cell, and for propofol the signal goes via rhoA ... Conclusion: Propofol, but not GABA, eauses actin ring structures in neurons. Propofol uses the rho and rho kinase pathway to ... Propofol, ett narkosmedel som ges i blodet, ökar mängden calcium inuti cellen. Detta sker inte genom att propofol binder till ... Propofol tyrosine phosphorylates another ß2 subunit in the membrane then GABA. Propofol, but not GABA, also caused a tyrosine ...
http://liu.diva-portal.org/smash/record.jsf?pid=diva2:555471
Propofol - WikipediaPropofol - Wikipedia
Propofol infusion syndrome[edit]. Main article: Propofol infusion syndrome. A rare, but serious, side effect is propofol ... "PropoFlo (propofol) for Animal Use". Drugs.com. Retrieved 13 February 2019.. *^ "Discovery and development of propofol, a ... Although propofol is heavily used in the adult ICU setting, the side effects associated with propofol seem to be of greater ... Propofol is often used instead of sodium thiopental for starting anesthesia because recovery from propofol is more rapid and " ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Propofol
Propofol | SpringerLinkPropofol | SpringerLink
Propofol for implantable cardioverter defibrillator implantation in patients with Brugada syndrome. Pacing and Clinical ...
https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs40278-018-48939-x
propofol - New York Magazinepropofol - New York Magazine
See an archive of all propofol stories published on the New York Media network, which includes NYMag, The Cut, Vulture, and ...
http://nymag.com/tags/propofol/
Propofol | The Merck Index OnlinePropofol | The Merck Index Online
Propofol , Monograph containing literature references, physical and biological properties and relevant information ...
https://www.rsc.org/Merck-Index/monograph/m9217?q=unauthorize
Urban Dictionary: PropofolUrban Dictionary: Propofol
Propofolunknown. A short acting sedative hypnotic used in short procedures and minor surgeries. It is God's gift the ... Patient: 10, 9, 8, hey that b......*Goes into deep coma from propofol* ...
https://www.urbandictionary.com/define.php?term=Propofol
Murrays New Lawyer -- I Know PropofolMurray's New Lawyer -- I Know Propofol
Conrad Murrays new lawyer claims hes the best of the best when it comes to cases involving Propofol and death -- and dude has ... Conrad Murrays new lawyer claims hes the best of the best when it comes to cases involving Propofol and death -- and dude has ... TMZ spoke to J. Michael Flanagan who told us, "Im probably the only attorney in town that has successfully tried a Propofol ...
https://www.tmz.com/2010/01/08/murrays-new-lawyer-i-know-propofol-fios/
propofol | Definition, Anesthetic, & Side Effects | Britannicapropofol | Definition, Anesthetic, & Side Effects | Britannica
Propofol was first tested clinically in 1977. Following reformulation into an oil-based emulsion, giving it a milky appearance ... Propofol, anesthetic drug used to induce and maintain general anesthesia and to sedate patients for certain medical procedures ... Side effects of propofol include pain at the injection site, hypotension, hypertension, nausea, cough, tingling sensation, and ... Propofol, anesthetic drug used to induce and maintain general anesthesia and to sedate patients for certain medical procedures ...
https://www.britannica.com/topic/propofol
Propofol-Hospira - Drugs.comPropofol-Hospira - Drugs.com
A list of US medications equivalent to Propofol-Hospira is available on the Drugs.com website. ... Propofol-Hospira is a medicine available in a number of countries worldwide. ... Propofol-Hospira may be available in the countries listed below.. Ingredient matches for Propofol-Hospira. Propofol. Propofol ...
https://www.drugs.com/international/propofol-hospira.html
Govt Issues Warning Over Propofol | TMZ.comGov't Issues Warning Over Propofol | TMZ.com
Weve learned the FDA and CDC have issued a warning over certain batches of Propofol -- the drug found in Michael Jacksons ...
https://www.tmz.com/2009/07/14/govt-issues-warning-over-propofol/
Propofol for EndoscopyPropofol for Endoscopy
... and the practice performing the procedure uses propofol for deep sedation administered venously... ... They will sedate me with IV propofol, and the anesthesiologist stays in the room to monitor my breathing and heart rate. The ... Any advice for me? What was your experience? Some people (in average health) find propofol downright pleasant and others are in ... Im scheduled to have an upper GI endoscopy next week, and the practice performing the procedure uses propofol for deep ...
https://www.healingwell.com/community/default.aspx?f=30&m=4166834
Propofol (Professional Patient Advice) - Drugs.comPropofol (Professional Patient Advice) - Drugs.com
Professional guide for Propofol. Includes: pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, contraindications, interactions, adverse reactions ... Propofol emulsion contains 1.1 kcal/mL. Soybean fat emulsion is used as a vehicle for propofol. Formulations also contain egg ... RifAMPin: May enhance the hypotensive effect of Propofol. Management: Note that use of propofol in a patient who has been ... Because Fresenius Propoven 2% contains double the concentration of propofol (20 mg/mL) compared to the FDA-approved propofol ...
https://www.drugs.com/ppa/propofol.html
propofol | Cignapropofol | Cigna
Propofol is used to help you relax before and during general anesthesia for surgery or other medical procedures. Propofol is ... also used to sedate a patient who is under critical care and needs a mechanical ventilator (breathing machine). Propofol may ... Propofol slows the activity of your brain and nervous system. ... What is propofol?. Propofol slows the activity of your brain ... How is propofol given?. Propofol is injected into a vein through an IV. A healthcare provider will give you this injection. ...
https://www.cigna.com/individuals-families/health-wellness/hw/medications/propofol-d00933a1
Propofol-sparing of I.V. Lidocaine in Colonoscopy PatientsPropofol-sparing of I.V. Lidocaine in Colonoscopy Patients
Might the addition of intravenous lidocaine to propofol-based sedation decrease the overall propofol requirement in elderly ... The addition of intravenous lidocaine to propofol-based sedation resulted in a remarked reduction of supplemental propofol in ... Table 3. Comparison of propofol doses between the two groups Items. NS + P group (n = 40). L + P group (n = 39). ... the supplemental amount of propofol after induction, and the frequencies of boluses of supplemental propofol. ...
https://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/931596
PROPOFOL by Jose Antonio Ibancovichi on PreziPROPOFOL by Jose Antonio Ibancovichi on Prezi
Transcript of PROPOFOL. CVL 2013. Utilización del Propofol en Perros y Gatos. Propofol. 1. 2,6-disopropilfenol. 2. 10 mg/mL 20 ... Propofol + Remifentanilo. TIVA. TCI Propofol 3.5 mcg/mL. Remifentanilo 0.2 mcg/kg/min. No proporciona analgesia. Propofol. No ... Propofol. Pancreatitis Propofol PANCREATITIS (humanos). 10% PROPOFOL es Intralipidico Hipertrigliceridemia. La disminución de ... Cargar el propofol en una jeringa estéril (marcar el día y hora). Desechar en 6 horas. Evitar la contaminación con sangre y ...
https://prezi.com/ugo06w_fdpg_/propofol/
Michael Jackson Likely Gave Himself Fatal Propofol Dose, Expert Says | ReutersMichael Jackson Likely Gave Himself Fatal Propofol Dose, Expert Says | Reuters
... leading Murray to treat it with propofol. Read more: Conrad Murray Trial: Propofol Expert Only Suggested Jackson Ingested the ... Aside from there being no residual propofol in the bag or in the upper part of the IV line, propping the bottle up in a bag in ... Murray was infusing propofol, White (pictured) said on Thursday. It wasnt obvious to me. I thought there were questions. ... Paul White said he believes after Michael Jackson was given a dose of propofol by Conrad Murray in the early morning hours of ...
https://www.reuters.com/article/idUS114719469620111028
Capnographic monitoring of propofol-based sedation during colonoscopy. - PubMed - NCBICapnographic monitoring of propofol-based sedation during colonoscopy. - PubMed - NCBI
Capnographic monitoring of propofol-based sedation during colonoscopy.. Friedrich-Rust M1, Welte M1, Welte C2, Albert J1, ... In patients undergoing colonoscopy during propofol-based sedation capnography monitoring with a simple and inexpensive device ... In patients with anesthesiologist-administered sedation, sedation was deeper, a combination of sedative medication (propofol, ... Age correlates with hypotension during propofol-based anesthesia for endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography. [Acta ...
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24338242?dopt=Abstract
Michael Jackson warned about propofol useMichael Jackson 'warned about propofol use'
Singer Michael Jackson was warned by a nurse practitioner about using the sedative propofol to help him sleep, a Los Angeles ... Cherilyn Lee said Jackson told her that Diprivan - a brand name for propofol - was the only thing that would knock him out and ... She told jurors she had tried to give Jackson natural remedies to deal with his insomnia and had told him propofol was too ... Singer Michael Jackson was warned by a nurse practitioner about using the sedative propofol to help him sleep, a Los Angeles ...
https://www.modernghana.com/music/16491/michael-jackson-warned-about-propofol-use.html
Propofol in Cardiac Catheterization : Anesthesia & AnalgesiaPropofol in Cardiac Catheterization : Anesthesia & Analgesia
Wolters Kluwer Health may email you for journal alerts and information, but is committed to maintaining your privacy and will not share your personal information without your express consent. For more information, please refer to our Privacy Policy ...
https://journals.lww.com/anesthesia-analgesia/Citation/1992/11000/Propofol_in_Cardiac_Catheterization.39.aspx
Propofol and Perioperative Inflammation - Full Text View - ClinicalTrials.govPropofol and Perioperative Inflammation - Full Text View - ClinicalTrials.gov
Active Comparator: Propofol Propofol anesthesia. Drug: propofol Induction with propofol (1.5 to 2mg/kg) and maintenance of ... Propofol and Perioperative Inflammation. The safety and scientific validity of this study is the responsibility of the study ... as well as the solvent of propofol 1% (Intralipid 10%; corresponding to a target-controlled infusion of propofol with ... Propofol and/or Its Solvent Modify the Course of Inflammatory Response After Surgical Stress: A Randomized, Controlled, Double- ...
https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01115179
Jackson Autopsy Fingers Propofol, Lorazepam as Cause of DeathJackson Autopsy Fingers Propofol, Lorazepam as Cause of Death
Propofol, a powerful anesthetic typically used in operating rooms, and the tranquilizer lorazepam (Ativan) were identified as " ... A statement from the coroners office said the cause of death was established as "acute propofol intoxication" aggravated by " ... Jackson Autopsy Fingers Propofol, Lorazepam as Cause of Death. Published: Aug 28, 2009 ...
https://www.medpagetoday.com/productalert/prescriptions/15736
Dr. Conrad Murray Barred from Administering Propofol | OK! MagazineDr. Conrad Murray Barred from Administering Propofol | OK! Magazine
Medical Board has gone ahead and barred Michael Jacksons former physician from administering heavy sedatives like Propofol to ...
https://okmagazine.com/news/dr-conrad-murray-barred-administering-propofol/
DIPRIVAN (propofol injection, emulsion) | FDA Warnings & Precations | Healthgrades.comDIPRIVAN (propofol injection, emulsion) | FDA Warnings & Precations | Healthgrades.com
... propofol injection, emulsion) be disclosed to consumers, no matter how rare. Here are the warnings and precautions for Diprivan ...
https://www.healthgrades.com/drugs/diprivan/warnings
Michael Jacksons Ghost Spooks Propofol Maker TevaMichael Jackson's Ghost Spooks Propofol Maker Teva
Ten bottles of Propofol were found in Jacksons home.. Propofol and Teva, which is headquartered in Israel, have had a rocky. ... The worldwide scorn directed at those closest to Michael Jackson in his final days may have extended to the drug Propofol and ... Propofol in 2009 after 41 patients fell ill with flu-like symptoms.. That fueled several of the lawsuits. ... You are here: Home / News / Michael Jacksons Ghost Spooks Propofol Maker Teva ...
https://www.ocweekly.com/michael-jacksons-ghost-spooks-propofol-maker-teva-6443848/
Propofol dosage reported in Michael Jackson case is low, experts say - latimesPropofol dosage reported in Michael Jackson case is low, experts say - latimes
If Michael Jackson died from lethal levels of the powerful anesthetic propofol, then he must have been injected with much more ... Propofol dosage reported in Michael Jackson case is low, experts say. Dr. Conrad Murray told police he injected 25 milligrams ... Conrad Murray told police that he had been giving Jackson 50 milligrams of propofol each night for six weeks. In a three-hour ... The medical experts said that if the propofol dosage were higher and combined with other medications, it could have led to an ...
http://articles.latimes.com/2009/aug/27/local/me-jackson-drug27
The effect of alphaxalone-alphadolone, propofol, and pentob...: Ingenta ConnectThe effect of alphaxalone-alphadolone, propofol, and pentob...: Ingenta Connect
Animals were divided into 3 groups: group I received alphaxalone-alphadolone (n = 5), group II received propofol (n = 6), and ... Keywords: ACTH; alphaxalone-alphadolone; anaesthesia; anesthésie; haemorrhage; hémorragie; pentobarbitone; propofol; β- ... The effect of alphaxalone-alphadolone, propofol, and pentobarbitone anaesthesia on the β-endorphin and ACTH response to ... The increase in heart rate during haemorrhage was significantly different between the alphaxalone-alphadolone and propofol as ...
https://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/cndscipub/cjpp/2011/00000089/00000007/art00008
OrganismsDiseasesChemicals and DrugsAnalytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and EquipmentPsychiatry and PsychologyPhenomena and ProcessesAnthropology, Education, Sociology and Social PhenomenaTechnology, Industry, AgricultureHumanitiesInformation ScienceNamed GroupsHealth CareGeographicals
PropofolAnesthetics, IntravenousHypnotics and SedativesConscious SedationAnesthetics, CombinedAnesthesia Recovery PeriodThiopentalAnesthetics, InhalationMethyl EthersAlfentanilAnesthesia, GeneralDeep SedationMonitoring, IntraoperativeMidazolamEtomidateMethohexitalFentanylConsciousness MonitorsAnesthetics, GeneralElectroencephalographyAnestheticsAnesthesiaIsofluraneNitrous OxideConsciousnessPiperidinesDose-Response Relationship, DrugInfusions, IntravenousKetamineAnesthetics, DissociativeUnconsciousnessAdjuvants, AnesthesiaEmulsionsInfusion PumpsAmbulatory Surgical ProceduresPreanesthetic MedicationAnesthesia, InhalationIntubation, IntratrachealNew YorkFalconiformesNew York CityPeriodicals as TopicAdvertising as TopicCalcium ChannelsReceptors, GABA-APatch-Clamp TechniquesFamous PersonsInternetDeveloping CountriesSoftwareMedication ErrorsWaiting ListsMedication AdherenceDeveloped Countries
AnesthesiaRemifentanilEffect of propofolInfusion of propofolDoseDosesAction of propofolDiprivanPharmacokineticDosageBolusInfusionsSuggest that propofolConcentration of propofolAdministration of propofolConcentrations of propofolBispectralAnaesthesiaInjectionPharmacokineticsEffectsAcuteInduceSalineAnalgesiaClinicalPatientsAnesthetic drugPediatricContinuousRates of propofolMetabolism of propofolMidazolam and propofolDrugsSedateLidocaine
Anesthesia16
  • Propofol is used to help you relax before and during general anesthesia for surgery or other medical procedures. (emedicinehealth.com)
  • Propofol blood concentration and Bispectral index predict suppression of learning during propofol/epidural anesthesia in volunteers. (vin.com)
  • Washington, DC - A new study finds that propofol, a well-known anesthesia medication, has a low occurrence of adverse events for children undergoing research-driven imaging studies. (healthcanal.com)
  • In the first year, we compared the effect of propofol with that of sevoflurane anesthesia on uric acid (UA) excretion in ASA physical status I and II patients with normal renal function. (nii.ac.jp)
  • A propofol group (n=11) received propofol-nitrous oxide-fentanyl after induction of anesthesia by propofol while a sevoflurane group (n= 12) received sevoflurane-nitrous oxide-fentanyl after induction of anesthesia by thiamylal. (nii.ac.jp)
  • This study demonstrated that the UA excretion increased during propofol anesthesia, while it remained stable during sevoflurane anesthesia. (nii.ac.jp)
  • Publications] Masuda A.: 'Pink urine during propofol anesthesia' Anesth Analg. (nii.ac.jp)
  • Publications] Masuda A.: 'Uric acid excretion increases during propofol anesthesia' Anesth Analg. (nii.ac.jp)
  • However, as propofol acts and leaves the body quickly, most women can resume breastfeeding as soon as they are recovered from anesthesia and fully awake. (buymedstoday.com)
  • Propofol is a hypnotic drug largely used through the last decades for both human and animal anesthesia and sedation of healthy and critical patients (Li et al. (springeropen.com)
  • This study aimed to characterize the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of lipid emulsion propofol administered by a target-controlled infusion (TCI) anesthesia in pediatric surgery. (paganz.org)
  • This study's primary objective is to analyze human EEG spindle oscillations during propofol-induced anesthesia and to address possible activation sources. (openneuroimagingjournal.com)
  • Artifact-free epochs of spindle activations were selected from the electroencephalograms of patients undergoing propofol anesthesia. (openneuroimagingjournal.com)
  • For GP, general anesthesia was induced by intravenous (IV) administration of propofol (10 mg/Kg) and then began continuous infusion at an initial dose 1 mg/Kg/min, and then was adjusted as necessary to the bispectral index values vary between 65 and 75. (unesp.br)
  • The current randomized controlled study evaluated the Number Needed to Treat (NNT) of patients that receives lidocaine to reduce pain associated to propofol administration during anesthesia induction. (peertechzpublications.com)
  • Methods: This is a prospective, double-blinded, randomized trial with 970 adult subjects who were submitted to propofol administration in the induction of anesthesia. (peertechzpublications.com)
Remifentanil7
  • This study aimed to compare safety and efficacy of a continuous infusion of low dose remifentanil plus ketamine combined with propofol in comparison to the standard regimen dose of remifentanil plus propofol continuous infusion during ERCP. (medscimonit.com)
  • We evaluated Propofol 1 mg/kg/h plus Remifentanil 0.25 µg/kg/min (GR) vs. Propofol 1 mg/kg/h plus Ketamine 5 µg/kg/min and Remifentanil 0.1 µg/kg/min (GK). (medscimonit.com)
  • Marsh 26 and Schnider 27, In the remifentanil nomogram see figure 1the straight lines represent the desired CP: The plasma concentrations of remifentanyl and propofol depend on the type of surgery table 2. (simpleart.pro)
  • Propofol reduces perioperative remifentanil requirements in a synergistic manner: Keeping in mind the effectiveness according to the context of remifentanil, this infusion must be adjusted approximately 10 minutes before awakening. (simpleart.pro)
  • With increasing age or total dose of remifentanil, Ce 50 of propofol was decreased. (paganz.org)
  • Background and study aims : In endoscopic procedures, propofol can be safely administered either alone or in conjunction with remifentanil. (medeniyet.edu.tr)
  • The aim of the study is to compare the effects of the administration of propofol alone and the administration of remifentanil in addition to propofol on patient and endoscopist satisfaction, preoperative hemodynamic response, and propofol consumption. (medeniyet.edu.tr)
Effect of propofol3
  • We investigated the effect of propofol and midazolam on interleukin-8, a neutrophil chemotactic agent in human neutrophils. (elsevier.com)
  • Effect of propofol on the medial temporal lobe emotional memory system: a functional magnetic resonance imaging study in human subjects. (cornell.edu)
  • In addition, overexpression of miR‑10b partly reversed the inhibitory effect of propofol on T24 cell viability, migration and invasion induced by upregulation of HOXD10. (spandidos-publications.com)
Infusion of propofol3
  • The aim of this work was to establish the correlation between the bispectral index (BIS) and different rates of continuous infusion of propofol. (vin.com)
  • The BIS values were measured before any drug administration (M0) and 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50 minutes after the start of the continuous infusion of propofol. (vin.com)
  • The infusion of propofol Lipuro during prolonged periods, in addition to marked hypotension and hypoperfusion, also showed to have higher anti-oxidant activity and lower impairment of the mitochondrial function comparatively to the improved lipid formulation, SMOFlipid, using the rabbit as animal model. (springeropen.com)
Dose18
  • The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of valproate on the required dose of propofol for sedation in patients with mental retardation. (clinicaltrials.gov)
  • However, it is very difficult to titrate the dose of propofol for maintaining the adequate sedation depth because of the difficulty of verbal communication with them. (clinicaltrials.gov)
  • Therefore, we divide the patients into two groups : patients receiving valproate (valproate group), patients receiving no antiepileptic drugs (control group), and compare the required dose of propofol and the recovery time. (clinicaltrials.gov)
  • Since propofol is given by a healthcare professional in a medical setting, you are not likely to miss a dose. (emedicinehealth.com)
  • Intravenous injection of a therapeutic dose of propofol induces hypnosis within approximately 40 seconds. (mhmedical.com)
  • The effects of induction dose of propofol were not more presented in M40, therefore, the BID values were correlated with the infusion rate of each group. (vin.com)
  • Is the total propofol dose associated with false-positive motor evoked potentials? (thejns.org)
  • Female Wistar rats administered either 0, 10, or 15 mg/kg/day propofol intravenously from 2 weeks before pregnancy to day 7 of gestation did not show impaired fertility (0.65 and 1 times the human induction dose of 2.5 mg/kg based on body surface area). (gankochavim.com)
  • Propofol has a rapid onset of action with a dose-related hypnotic effect. (gankochavim.com)
  • The main objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of prolonged high-dose administration of a specific propofol emulsion (Propofol Lipuro) and an improved lipid formulation (SMOFlipid) in liver mitochondrial bioenergetics and oxidative stress of rabbits, comparatively to a saline control. (springeropen.com)
  • The same method was employed for GT, using thiopental instead propofol, at the dose of 10 mg/Kg for induction followed the initial dose of 1 mg/Kg/min. (unesp.br)
  • Para o GP, foi induzida a anestesia geral pela administração intravenosa (IV) de propofol (10 mg/Kg) e em seguida, iniciou-se a infusão contínua na dose inicial 1 mg/Kg/min, a qual, havendo necessidade, foi reajustada de modo a que o índice biespectral estivesse situado entre 65 e 75. (unesp.br)
  • Objective: This study aimed to determine if patient age is an independent predictor of the propofol dose required for the induction of sedation in pediatric patients for procedures performed in the emergency department (ED). Methods: This is a retrospective study conducted in an academic, tertiary ED between May 2005 and October 2009. (elsevier.com)
  • Factors predictive of propofol induction dose were analyzed using linear regression analyses. (elsevier.com)
  • Conclusions: In pediatric patients undergoing procedural sedation in the ED, age is an independent predictor of the dose of propofol required for induction of sedation. (elsevier.com)
  • Objective: This study consists of dose requirement of propofol with bispectral Index monitoring and without bispectral Index monitoring. (bibliomed.org)
  • Material and Methods: In the present study, 100 patients were randomly divided into two groups (50 in each group), one group received Standard dose of propofol while the other received propofol infusion with BIS monitoring. (bibliomed.org)
  • Propofol up-regulated miR-145 in a dose-dependent manner. (biomedcentral.com)
Doses3
  • In humans, prolonged sedations with propofol or using high doses have been associated with propofol infusion syndrome. (springeropen.com)
  • BACKGROUND: Subclinical doses of propofol produce anterograde amnesia, characterized by an early failure of memory consolidation. (cornell.edu)
  • CONCLUSIONS: Propofol is relatively ineffective at suppressing amygdalar activation at sedative doses, but abolishes emotional modulation and causes amnesia via mechanisms that commonly involve hyporesponsiveness of the hippocampus. (cornell.edu)
Action of propofol1
  • The proposed site of action of propofol is at the GABA(A) receptor, where it activates the chloride channel. (mhmedical.com)
Diprivan10
  • What are the possible side effects of propofol (Diprivan, Propoven)? (emedicinehealth.com)
  • What is the most important information I should know about propofol (Diprivan, Propoven)? (emedicinehealth.com)
  • What should I discuss with my health care provider before I receive propofol (Diprivan, Propoven)? (emedicinehealth.com)
  • How is propofol given (Diprivan, Propoven)? (emedicinehealth.com)
  • What should I avoid after receiving propofol (Diprivan, Propoven)? (emedicinehealth.com)
  • What other drugs will affect propofol (Diprivan, Propoven)? (emedicinehealth.com)
  • What is Propofol (Diprivan) used for? (everydayhealth.com)
  • Can I take Propofol (Diprivan) if I'm pregnant or breastfeeding? (everydayhealth.com)
  • Use Propofol (Diprivan) exactly as directed on the label, or as prescribed by your doctor. (everydayhealth.com)
  • Buy Propofol Diprivan, Propofol (Diprivan) slows the activity of your brain and nervous system. (buymedstoday.com)
Pharmacokinetic3
  • This study compared the ability of the physiology-based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model with that of compartmental models used in propofol infusion devices to predict the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of propofol in various patient groups (children, pregnant women, young men, normal weight adults, and obese adults). (nih.gov)
  • Effect site concentration during propofol TCI sedation: Advanced pharmacokinetic models based on organ clearance, circulatory, and fractal concepts. (simpleart.pro)
  • Pharmacokinetic models for propofol-defining and illuminating the devil in the detail. (simpleart.pro)
Dosage5
  • An additional risk of preparing propofol injection includes glass particulate contamination when the ampule dosage form is used. (ijpc.com)
  • 10 µm) from the ampule dosage form, whereas no difference was observed from the propofol vials. (ijpc.com)
  • This implies the abnormal particles present were other than lipid and likely to be glass associated with ampule breakage, suggesting the 5-µm filter needle be a standard part of propofol therapy when preparing infusions from ampule dosage forms. (ijpc.com)
  • SIDE EFFECTS FOR PROPOFOL: COMMENTS: SEX: AGE: DURATION/ DOSAGE: DATE ADDED : 1: Colonoscopy: Nausea, bloody nose, hoarse, coughing up bloody mucous day after, upper respiratory infection, chills : Never again: 55 0 days: 11/26/2019: 1: Cardiac cath: Severe stomach issues still occurring 8 days following 3 hours of propofol: Headaches for 3 days, fatigue and severe abdominal … Also I felt very fatigue, as well as some light headed. (gankochavim.com)
  • Dosage for Propofol. (gankochavim.com)
Bolus2
  • An intravenous propofol bolus of 20 mg kg −1 was given to the propofol Lipuro group to allow blind orotracheal intubation and mechanical ventilation. (springeropen.com)
  • All drugs were given as a bolus over 20 seconds before propofol administration. (inonu.edu.tr)
Infusions1
  • It appears the increased risk results from poor aseptic technique in the preparation, storage and administration of extemporaneously prepared propofol infusions. (ijpc.com)
Suggest that propofol1
  • The latency was prolonged and the number of swallows were decreased in Group F, but not in Group T.These results suggest that propofol depresses swallowing reflex greater than that of thiamylal. (nii.ac.jp)
Concentration of propofol2
  • A plasma concentration of propofol below 1. (simpleart.pro)
  • Results: In rats, authors detected a decrease in complex II+III activity starting at low tissue concentration of propofol (20 to 25 mu M), further declining at higher concentrations. (uantwerpen.be)
Administration of propofol1
  • The administration of propofol at low temperatures or a pre-treatment with saline at 4° C may generate a local anesthetic effect on the vein wall, a simple and safe method for reducing local pain [9]. (peertechzpublications.com)
Concentrations of propofol3
  • This overall complexity was also able to discriminate between levels of sedation and serum concentrations of propofol, supporting the hypothesis that consciousness is related to complexity - independent of how the latter is measured. (nature.com)
  • Arterial concentrations of propofol were measured at preset intervals and bispectral index (BIS) values were recorded throughout the study period. (paganz.org)
  • Healthy human polymorphonuclear leukocytes were isolated using a single-step density gradient and stimulated with lipopolysaccharide in the presence of varying concentrations of propofol or midazolam for up to 20 h. (elsevier.com)
Bispectral1
  • Results: Mean amount of propofol for induction used was 1.6 vs 2.24 mg/kg in bispectral index group and standard group respectively. (bibliomed.org)
Anaesthesia1
  • Publications] Masuda A.: 'Misuse of infusion pump during propofol anaesthesia' Canadian Journal of Anaesthesia. (nii.ac.jp)
Injection19
  • The aim of this study was to determine whether pretreatment with alkalinised lignocaine reduced the incidence and severity of pain during propofol injection. (inonu.edu.tr)
  • however, up to 5% of patients have pain at propofol injection and of these, 1% of them have severe or excruciating pain. (peertechzpublications.com)
  • Investigated groups were previously treated randomly, either with lidocaine or saline and then they were interrogated about pain during propofol injection. (peertechzpublications.com)
  • Despite these positive aspects, patients can experience pain at injection of propofol and of these [6]. (peertechzpublications.com)
  • There are several methods to prevent or reduce pain at the injection of propofol and there is an association between the site of injection and the prevalence of pain and, while there are rare reports of pain in the ulnar fossa, pain in the back of the hand is frequent [8]. (peertechzpublications.com)
  • Determination of free propofol concentration in aqueous phase was conducted using HPLC and rat paw lick test was evaluated as in vivo test to assay the intensity of pain on injection site. (innovareacademics.in)
  • Palm oil can be used as a carrier for propofol and it was successfully reduced the free propofol contents and the intensity of pain on injection site in rats. (innovareacademics.in)
  • Pain on injection of lipid-free propofol and propofol nanoemulsion containing medium-chain triglyceride: a comparative study. (innovareacademics.in)
  • Pain in injection with propofol. (innovareacademics.in)
  • 5. Saadawy I, Erturgrul E, Abdulaziz B. Painless injection of propofol: pretreatment with. (innovareacademics.in)
  • Rapid injection reduces pain on injection with propofol. (innovareacademics.in)
  • 7. Banjong K, Siriwan D, Sujarit K, Malin T. Comparison on pain on injection of a small particle size-lipid nanoemulsion of propofol and standard propofol with or without lidocaine. (innovareacademics.in)
  • Ephedrine reduces the pain from propofol injection. (innovareacademics.in)
  • 9. Hüseyin S, Omer Y, Ali S, Mehmet M, Sezai O, Güner D. Effect of saline dilution on propofol injection pain: comparison with lidocaine. (innovareacademics.in)
  • Pain on injection of propofol: efficacy of paracetamol and lidocaine. (innovareacademics.in)
  • Lornoxicam use to reduce the pain associated with propofol injection. (innovareacademics.in)
  • A comparison of pain on intravenous injection between two preparations of propofol. (innovareacademics.in)
  • 13. Hiroshi O, Shinju O, Hiroshi I. Mechanism of injection pain with long and long-medium chain triglyceride emulsive propofol. (innovareacademics.in)
  • 15. Sundarathiti P, Nuanjai B, Therawat C, Porpimon J, Wanadee R. A comparison of propofol LCT with propofol-LCT/MCT on pain of injection. (innovareacademics.in)
Pharmacokinetics3
  • Changes in drug vehicle may alter the pharmacokinetics and result in different distribution and elimination rates of propofol. (simpleart.pro)
  • Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of propofol in children were best described by a two compartment model and inhibitory sigmoid E max with effect-compartment model, respectively. (paganz.org)
  • In children, propofol pharmacokinetics was influenced by lean body mass, body fat, and height. (paganz.org)
Effects11
  • Your breathing, blood pressure , oxygen levels, kidney function, and other vital signs will be watched closely while you are under the effects of propofol. (emedicinehealth.com)
  • It is created by eHealthMe based on reports of 17,115 people who have side effects when taking Propofol from FDA , and is updated regularly. (ehealthme.com)
  • 17,115 people reported to have side effects when taking Propofol. (ehealthme.com)
  • Forecast new side effects and undetected conditions when you take Propofol and have Rash. (ehealthme.com)
  • In the second year, we investigated the effects of propofol and thiamylal on swallowing reflex in 26 adult volunteers. (nii.ac.jp)
  • Major associated side effects are the cardiovascular changes associated with its … What Are Side Effects of Propofol? (gankochavim.com)
  • Side effects in other areas of the body from propofol usage that have been reported through clinical trials include: changes of taste kidney failure double vision pain in the ears pain in the eyes tinnitus which is noises such as ringing in the ears And because of those side effects, its use is restricted? (gankochavim.com)
  • The effects of thiopental and propofol were comparatively evaluated about its influence on cardiovascular and respiratory parameters, blood gas, blood glucose levels, cell kinetics and recovery period in 20 rabbits of New Zealand White, adults, male and female, with weight between 3,67±0,43 Kg. (unesp.br)
  • We present an event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging study of the effects of propofol on the emotional memory system in human subjects. (cornell.edu)
  • The current study aimed to assess the effects of propofol on the biological behaviors of human bladder cancer cells and to elucidate its potential molecular mechanism. (spandidos-publications.com)
  • among these, propofol (2,6-diisopropylphenol) was introduced clinically in 1977 and demonstrates many positive effects [2]. (peertechzpublications.com)
Acute1
  • Skeletal muscle from one patient taken in the acute phase of propofol infusion syndrome also shows a selective decrease in complex II+III activity (z-score: -2.96). (uantwerpen.be)
Induce1
  • Besides, Propofol has been found to impede the invasion and induce the apoptosis of ovarian cancer cells [ 27 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
Saline2
  • Each group of seven animals received separately: NaCl 0.9 % (saline), SMOFlipid (lipid-based emulsion without propofol) and Lipuro 2 % (propofol lipid emulsion). (springeropen.com)
  • The SMOFlipid and saline groups received the same infusion rate as the propofol Lipuro group, which were infused during 20 consecutive hours. (springeropen.com)
Analgesia1
Clinical2
  • The study reviews 1,480 propofol anesthetics in 607 children over an eight year period at the NIH's Clinical Research Center and appears in the June 7 issue of Archives of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine. (healthcanal.com)
  • The real contribution of propofol to PRIS has been discussed, as it can result from other causes (inherent diseases as liver failure or genetic polymorphisms) that also conduct to the manifestation of fatal clinical signs that occur while administering propofol or other concomitant drugs (Fudickar and Bein 2009 ). (springeropen.com)
Patients4
  • The intravenous sedation with propofol is very useful for patients with mental retardation and challenging behavior. (clinicaltrials.gov)
  • The Centers for Disease Control has identified intravenous propofol, a lipid-based medication, as a cause of postoperative infections in hospitalized patients. (ijpc.com)
  • Medical records of patients younger than 18 years who received propofol for procedural sedation were evaluated. (elsevier.com)
  • When used in the back of the hand, this value may increase to 60-80% of patients receiving propofol peripherically [7]. (peertechzpublications.com)
Anesthetic drug1
  • 2,6‑diisopropylphenol (propofol) is a commonly used intravenous anesthetic drug, which has been reported to serve an antitumor role in human cancers. (spandidos-publications.com)
Pediatric2
  • The study, led by a pediatric anesthesiologist now at Children's National Medical Center, showed a low incidence of adverse events and no long term complications when propofol was used to sedate children for imaging studies that require them to be still for long periods of time. (healthcanal.com)
  • We know that propofol can be safely administered in pediatric research studies by well-trained anesthesiologists who are prepared to anticipate and respond to all events, which minimizes the risk of adverse issues. (healthcanal.com)
Continuous1
  • All animals were induced with propofol (10 mg/kg/IV), followed immediately by the continuous infusion of the agent: 0.2 mg/kg/min (P2), 0.4 mg/kg/min (P4) and 0.8 mg/kg/min (P8). (vin.com)
Rates of propofol2
  • The Analysis of Variance was used to calculate the correlation between the infusion rates of propofol and the BIS values. (vin.com)
  • The results allowed us to conclude that the BIS values are a reliable reference to help monitoring the anesthetized patient, and that the increase in the rates of propofol are related with the decrease of the BIS values. (vin.com)
Metabolism of propofol1
Midazolam and propofol2
  • Northern blot analysis also revealed increased IL-8 mRNA levels in the presence of both midazolam and propofol, which was confirmed by molecular imaging. (elsevier.com)
  • Webster, Nigel R. / The effect of midazolam and propofol on interleukin-8 from human polymorphonuclear leukocytes . (elsevier.com)
Drugs5
  • The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has officially moved propofol injections from the list of drugs currently in shortage to the list of resolved drug shortages. (asahq.org)
  • Other drugs may interact with propofol, including prescription and over-the-counter medicines, vitamins , and herbal products. (emedicinehealth.com)
  • What other ways can you think of to help MJ get a good night sleep beside drugs and propofol? (mjjcommunity.com)
  • ANYTHING is better than propofol and other psychotic drugs. (mjjcommunity.com)
  • Rash and drugs with ingredients of propofol. (ehealthme.com)
Sedate1
  • Propofol is also used to sedate a patient who is under critical care and needs a mechanical ventilator (breathing machine). (emedicinehealth.com)
Lidocaine1
  • Conclusion: This study suggests that the use of lidocaine prior to propofol application is not justified, if considered the risk factors for the patient and the savings related with the procedure. (peertechzpublications.com)
PROPOFOL (injection, emulsion) | Dosage and Administration | Healthgrades.com
PROPOFOL (injection, emulsion) | Dosage and Administration | Healthgrades.com (healthgrades.com)
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Diprivan, Propoven (propofol) Uses, Side Effects, Dosage & Interactions (emedicinehealth.com)
Propofol dosage reported in Michael Jackson case is low, experts say - latimes
Propofol dosage reported in Michael Jackson case is low, experts say - latimes (articles.latimes.com)
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Gov't Issues Warning Over Propofol | TMZ.com (tmz.com)
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Three Female Celebrities to be Investigated for Illegally Injecting Propofol | Soompi (soompi.com)
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Evaluation of Biespectral Index in Dogs Anesthetized With Continuous Infusion of Propofol Associated or Not To Nitrous Oxide -... (vin.com)
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Propofol - Wikipedia (en.wikipedia.org)
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Propofol | SpringerLink (link.springer.com)
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The Ugly World of Dr. Arnie Klein, Beverly Hills' King of Botox - Vanity Fair (vanityfair.com)
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Medications used in Tracheal Intubation: Medications for Rapid Sequence Endotracheal Intubation, Stage 1 - Pretreatment,... (emedicine.medscape.com)
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PROPOFOL by Jose Antonio Ibancovichi on Prezi (prezi.com)
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Jury deliberations start Friday in Conrad Murray trial - CNN (cnn.com)
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Debbie Rowe -- Lymphoma is Scary, But Propofol is Scarier | TMZ.com (tmz.com)
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Propofol and Perioperative Inflammation - Full Text View - ClinicalTrials.gov (clinicaltrials.gov)
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DailyMed - ROCURONIUM BROMIDE - rocuronium bromide injection, solution (dailymed.nlm.nih.gov)
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Michael Jackson Doc Told Detectives About Drugs, Meeting Superstar's Family - NBC Southern California (nbclosangeles.com)
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May-June 2007 - Volume 30 - Issue 3 : Gastroenterology Nursing (journals.lww.com)
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Side Effects of Novocain | Livestrong.com (livestrong.com)
'Lethal levels' of anesthetic propofol killed Michael Jackson | L.A. NOW | Los Angeles...
'Lethal levels' of anesthetic propofol killed Michael Jackson | L.A. NOW | Los Angeles... (latimesblogs.latimes.com)
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Key words to conclude an essay. Etomidate vs propofol thesis (aipef.info)
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Homepage (poetrysociety.org)
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Toxicology | ScienceBlogs (scienceblogs.com)
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Joan Rivers -- Screw Up Over Propofol During Fatal Surgery | TMZ.com (tmz.com)
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