Propofol. Medical search

An intravenous anesthetic agent which has the advantage of a very rapid onset after infusion or bolus injection plus a very short recovery period of a couple of minutes. (From Smith and Reynard, Textbook of Pharmacology, 1992, 1st ed, p206). Propofol has been used as ANTICONVULSANTS and ANTIEMETICS.

Ultrashort-acting anesthetics that are used for induction. Loss of consciousness is rapid and induction is pleasant, but there is no muscle relaxation and reflexes frequently are not reduced adequately. Repeated administration results in accumulation and prolongs the recovery time. Since these agents have little if any analgesic activity, they are seldom used alone except in brief minor procedures. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p174)

Drugs used to induce drowsiness or sleep or to reduce psychological excitement or anxiety.

A drug-induced depression of consciousness during which patients respond purposefully to verbal commands, either alone or accompanied by light tactile stimulation. No interventions are required to maintain a patent airway. (From: American Society of Anesthesiologists Practice Guidelines)

The use of two or more chemicals simultaneously or sequentially to induce anesthesia. The drugs need not be in the same dosage form.

The period of emergence from general anesthesia, where different elements of consciousness return at different rates.

A barbiturate that is administered intravenously for the induction of general anesthesia or for the production of complete anesthesia of short duration.

Gases or volatile liquids that vary in the rate at which they induce anesthesia; potency; the degree of circulation, respiratory, or neuromuscular depression they produce; and analgesic effects. Inhalation anesthetics have advantages over intravenous agents in that the depth of anesthesia can be changed rapidly by altering the inhaled concentration. Because of their rapid elimination, any postoperative respiratory depression is of relatively short duration. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p173)

A group of compounds that contain the general formula R-OCH3.

A short-acting opioid anesthetic and analgesic derivative of FENTANYL. It produces an early peak analgesic effect and fast recovery of consciousness. Alfentanil is effective as an anesthetic during surgery, for supplementation of analgesia during surgical procedures, and as an analgesic for critically ill patients.

Procedure in which patients are induced into an unconscious state through use of various medications so that they do not feel pain during surgery.

Drug-induced depression of consciousness during which patients cannot be easily aroused but respond purposely following repeated painful stimulation. The ability to independently maintain ventilatory function may be impaired. (From: American Society of Anesthesiologists Practice Guidelines)

The constant checking on the state or condition of a patient during the course of a surgical operation (e.g., checking of vital signs).

A short-acting hypnotic-sedative drug with anxiolytic and amnestic properties. It is used in dentistry, cardiac surgery, endoscopic procedures, as preanesthetic medication, and as an adjunct to local anesthesia. The short duration and cardiorespiratory stability makes it useful in poor-risk, elderly, and cardiac patients. It is water-soluble at pH less than 4 and lipid-soluble at physiological pH.

Imidazole derivative anesthetic and hypnotic with little effect on blood gases, ventilation, or the cardiovascular system. It has been proposed as an induction anesthetic.

An intravenous anesthetic with a short duration of action that may be used for induction of anesthesia.

A potent narcotic analgesic, abuse of which leads to habituation or addiction. It is primarily a mu-opioid agonist. Fentanyl is also used as an adjunct to general anesthetics, and as an anesthetic for induction and maintenance. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1078)

Devices used to assess the level of consciousness especially during anesthesia. They measure brain activity level based on the EEG.

Agents that induce various degrees of analgesia; depression of consciousness, circulation, and respiration; relaxation of skeletal muscle; reduction of reflex activity; and amnesia. There are two types of general anesthetics, inhalation and intravenous. With either type, the arterial concentration of drug required to induce anesthesia varies with the condition of the patient, the desired depth of anesthesia, and the concomitant use of other drugs. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p.173)

Recording of electric currents developed in the brain by means of electrodes applied to the scalp, to the surface of the brain, or placed within the substance of the brain.

Agents that are capable of inducing a total or partial loss of sensation, especially tactile sensation and pain. They may act to induce general ANESTHESIA, in which an unconscious state is achieved, or may act locally to induce numbness or lack of sensation at a targeted site.

A state characterized by loss of feeling or sensation. This depression of nerve function is usually the result of pharmacologic action and is induced to allow performance of surgery or other painful procedures.

A stable, non-explosive inhalation anesthetic, relatively free from significant side effects.

Nitrogen oxide (N2O). A colorless, odorless gas that is used as an anesthetic and analgesic. High concentrations cause a narcotic effect and may replace oxygen, causing death by asphyxia. It is also used as a food aerosol in the preparation of whipping cream.

Sense of awareness of self and of the environment.

A family of hexahydropyridines.

The relationship between the dose of an administered drug and the response of the organism to the drug.

The long-term (minutes to hours) administration of a fluid into the vein through venipuncture, either by letting the fluid flow by gravity or by pumping it.

A cyclohexanone derivative used for induction of anesthesia. Its mechanism of action is not well understood, but ketamine can block NMDA receptors (RECEPTORS, N-METHYL-D-ASPARTATE) and may interact with sigma receptors.

Intravenous anesthetics that induce a state of sedation, immobility, amnesia, and marked analgesia. Subjects may experience a strong feeling of dissociation from the environment. The condition produced is similar to NEUROLEPTANALGESIA, but is brought about by the administration of a single drug. (From Gilman et al., Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 8th ed)

Loss of the ability to maintain awareness of self and environment combined with markedly reduced responsiveness to environmental stimuli. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp344-5)

Agents that are administered in association with anesthetics to increase effectiveness, improve delivery, or decrease required dosage.

Colloids formed by the combination of two immiscible liquids such as oil and water. Lipid-in-water emulsions are usually liquid, like milk or lotion. Water-in-lipid emulsions tend to be creams. The formation of emulsions may be aided by amphiphatic molecules that surround one component of the system to form MICELLES.

Fluid propulsion systems driven mechanically, electrically, or osmotically that are used to inject (or infuse) over time agents into a patient or experimental animal; used routinely in hospitals to maintain a patent intravenous line, to administer antineoplastic agents and other drugs in thromboembolism, heart disease, diabetes mellitus (INSULIN INFUSION SYSTEMS is also available), and other disorders.

Surgery performed on an outpatient basis. It may be hospital-based or performed in an office or surgicenter.

Drugs administered before an anesthetic to decrease a patient's anxiety and control the effects of that anesthetic.

Anesthesia caused by the breathing of anesthetic gases or vapors or by insufflating anesthetic gases or vapors into the respiratory tract.

A procedure involving placement of a tube into the trachea through the mouth or nose in order to provide a patient with oxygen and anesthesia.

An order of diurnal BIRDS of prey, including EAGLES; HAWKS; buzzards; vultures; and falcons.

A publication issued at stated, more or less regular, intervals.

The act or practice of calling public attention to a product, service, need, etc., especially by paid announcements in newspapers, magazines, on radio, or on television. (Random House Unabridged Dictionary, 2d ed)

Voltage-dependent cell membrane glycoproteins selectively permeable to calcium ions. They are categorized as L-, T-, N-, P-, Q-, and R-types based on the activation and inactivation kinetics, ion specificity, and sensitivity to drugs and toxins. The L- and T-types are present throughout the cardiovascular and central nervous systems and the N-, P-, Q-, & R-types are located in neuronal tissue.

Cell surface proteins which bind GAMMA-AMINOBUTYRIC ACID and contain an integral membrane chloride channel. Each receptor is assembled as a pentamer from a pool of at least 19 different possible subunits. The receptors belong to a superfamily that share a common CYSTEINE loop.

An electrophysiologic technique for studying cells, cell membranes, and occasionally isolated organelles. All patch-clamp methods rely on a very high-resistance seal between a micropipette and a membrane; the seal is usually attained by gentle suction. The four most common variants include on-cell patch, inside-out patch, outside-out patch, and whole-cell clamp. Patch-clamp methods are commonly used to voltage clamp, that is control the voltage across the membrane and measure current flow, but current-clamp methods, in which the current is controlled and the voltage is measured, are also used.

A loose confederation of computer communication networks around the world. The networks that make up the Internet are connected through several backbone networks. The Internet grew out of the US Government ARPAnet project and was designed to facilitate information exchange.

Countries in the process of change with economic growth, that is, an increase in production, per capita consumption, and income. The process of economic growth involves better utilization of natural and human resources, which results in a change in the social, political, and economic structures.

Sequential operating programs and data which instruct the functioning of a digital computer.

Errors in prescribing, dispensing, or administering medication with the result that the patient fails to receive the correct drug or the indicated proper drug dosage.

Prospective patient listings for appointments or treatments.

Voluntary cooperation of the patient in taking drugs or medicine as prescribed. This includes timing, dosage, and frequency.

Countries that have reached a level of economic achievement through an increase of production, per capita income and consumption, and utilization of natural and human resources.

Binding of propofol to blood components: implications for pharmacokinetics and for pharmacodynamics. (1/1774)

AIMS: Propofol is a widely used i.v. anaesthetic agent. However, its binding properties to blood components have not been fully studied. METHODS: We studied the binding of propofol to erythrocytes, to human serum and to isolated serum proteins. Because propofol bound to ultrafiltration and equilibrium dialysis membranes, we used a co-binding technique with dextran coated charcoal and with erythrocytes. RESULTS: Propofol free fraction in blood was 1.2-1.7% at total concentrations ranging from 2.80 to 179 microM (0.5 to 32 microg ml(-1)). Fifty percent was bound to erythrocytes and 48% to serum proteins, almost exclusively to human serum albumin. In the clinical range of concentrations (0.5-16 microg ml(-1)) 40% of the molecules bound to erythrocytes are on the red blood cells membranes. No binding to lipoproteins occurred and binding to alpha1-acid glycoprotein was less than 1.5% CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that hypoalbuminaemia may increase propofol free fraction particularly during prolonged administration. Since propofol is non-restrictively cleared, no change in clearance is expected to occur, and the increase in free fraction will not be compensated by a parallel increase in clearance. It is also noted that many in vitro studies used concentrations 50 to 500 times the concentration expected to be encountered in the immediate cellular environment. (+info)

Mechanisms of bronchoprotection by anesthetic induction agents: propofol versus ketamine. (2/1774)

BACKGROUND: Propofol and ketamine have been purported to decrease bronchoconstriction during induction of anesthesia and intubation. Whether they act on airway smooth muscle or through neural reflexes has not been determined. We compared propofol and ketamine to attenuate the direct activation of airway smooth muscle by methacholine and limit neurally mediated bronchoconstriction (vagal nerve stimulation). METHODS: After approval from the institutional review board, eight sheep were anesthetized with pentobarbital, paralyzed, and ventilated. After left thoracotomy, the bronchial artery was cannulated and perfused. In random order, 5 mg/ml concentrations of propofol, ketamine, and thiopental were infused into the bronchial artery at rates of 0.06, 0.20, and 0.60 ml/min. After 10 min, airway resistance was measured before and after vagal nerve stimulation and methacholine given via the bronchial artery. Data were expressed as a percent of baseline response before infusion of drug and analyzed by analysis of variance with significance set at P< or =0.05. RESULTS: Systemic blood pressure was not affected by any of the drugs (P>0.46). Baseline airway resistance was not different among the three agents (P = 0.56) or by dose (P = 0.96). Infusion of propofol and ketamine into the bronchial artery caused a dose-dependent attenuation of the vagal nerve stimulation-induced bronchoconstriction to 26+/-11% and 8+/-2% of maximum, respectively (P<0.0001). In addition, propofol caused a significant decrease in the methacholine-induced bronchoconstriction to 43+/-27% of maximum at the highest concentration (P = 0.05) CONCLUSIONS: The local bronchoprotective effects of ketamine and propofol on airways is through neurally mediated mechanisms. Although the direct effects on airway smooth muscle occur at high concentrations, these are unlikely to be of primary clinical relevance. (+info)

Propofol concentrations in follicular fluid during general anaesthesia for transvaginal oocyte retrieval. (3/1774)

Propofol (Diprivan) is an i.v. anaesthetic used for general anaesthesia. The purpose of this study was to measure the propofol concentration in arterial blood and follicular fluid in patients during transvaginal oocyte retrieval. After approval by the University Ethics Committee, 30 women participated in this prospective study. Following induction of anaesthesia with 0.5 mg alfentanil and 2 mg.kg-1 propofol i.v., a continuous infusion of propofol at 10 mg.kg-1.h-1 was used for maintenance of anaesthesia. Follicular fluid and arterial blood samples were aspirated simultaneously at fixed intervals during the surgical procedure and propofol assayed by high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC). The mean follicular fluid concentration of propofol increased linearly with time from 0.10 +/- 0.02 microgram.ml-1 to 0.57 +/- 0.06 microgram.ml-1 and was strongly related to the cumulative dose of propofol administered. The absorption of propofol was time-dependent. There was no correlation between the concentration of propofol in the follicular fluid and the arterial blood concentration of the drug. In conclusion, a propofol-based anaesthetic technique resulted in significant concentrations of this agent in follicular fluid, related to the dose administered and to the duration of propofol administration. (+info)

Mode of action of ICS 205,930, a novel type of potentiator of responses to glycine in rat spinal neurones. (4/1774)

The effect of a novel potentiator of glycine responses, ICS 205,930, was studied by whole-cell recordings from spinal neurones, and compared with that of other known potentiators, in an attempt to differentiate their sites of action. The ability of ICS 205,930 (0.2 microM) to potentiate glycine responses persisted in the presence of concentrations of Zn2+ (5-10 microM) that were saturating for the potentiating effect of this ion. Preincubation with 10 microM Zn2+ before application of glycine plus Zn2+ had an inhibitory effect, which did not result from Zn2+ entry into the neurone, since it persisted with either 10 mM internal EGTA or 10 microM internal Zn2+. To test whether the potentiating effects of ICS 205,930 and Zn2+ interact, both compounds were applied without preincubation. The potentiating effect of ICS 205,930 was similar for responses to glycine and for responses to glycine plus Zn2+, provided the concentrations of agonist were adjusted so as to induce control responses of identical amplitudes. ICS 205,930 remained able to potentiate glycine responses in the presence of ethanol (200 mM). ICS 205,930 also retained its potentiating effect in the presence of the anaesthetic propofol (30 90 microM), which strongly potentiated glycine responses but, in contrast with ICS 205,930, also markedly increased the resting conductance. The anticonvulsant chlormethiazole (50-100 microM) neither potentiated glycine responses nor prevented the effect of ICS 205,930, even though it increased the resting conductance and potentiated GABA(A) responses. The mechanism of action of ICS 205,930 appears to be different from those by which Zn2+, propofol or ethanol potentiate glycine responses. (+info)

Effects of inhaled oxygen concentration on fat metabolism during propofol infusion in rabbits. (5/1774)

We have investigated the effect of inhaled oxygen tension on lipid metabolism during propofol infusion. Propofol is supplied as a lipid emulsion containing 10% soybean oil, which is rich in triglycerides (TG). Infused TG are metabolized via three pathways in the liver cell; Krebs cycle, ketogenesis and release as very low density lipoproteins (VLDL) into the blood. For this reason, we measured TG and the products of the three pathways; carbon dioxide, ketone bodies and VLDL. Thirty-two rabbits were anaesthetized under four different conditions: propofol under hyperoxia, normoxia, hypoxia and isoflurane anaesthesia under hyperoxia. Our results indicated that hyperoxia produced more ketone bodies, normoxia more PaCO2 and hypoxia more free fatty acids (FFA) and TG compared with the other propofol infusion groups. We conclude that hyperoxia during propofol infusion facilitated fat metabolism through ketogenesis, while normoxia did so via the Krebs cycle. Also, hypoxia suppressed utilization of TG and VLDL production in the liver. (+info)

Thiopental and propofol impair relaxation produced by ATP-sensitive potassium channel openers in the rat aorta. (6/1774)

ATP-sensitive potassium channel openers are used as vasodilators in the treatment of cardiovascular disorders. The effects of i.v. anaesthetics on arterial relaxation induced by ATP-sensitive potassium channel openers have not been studied. Therefore, in this study, we have examined if thiopental (thiopentone) and propofol affect the vascular response to the ATP-sensitive potassium channel openers, cromakalim and pinacidil, in the isolated rat aorta. Rings of rat thoracic aortas without endothelium were suspended for isometric force recording. Concentration-response curves were obtained in a cumulative manner. During submaximal contractions with phenylephrine 0.3 mumol litre-1, relaxation after cromakalim 0.1-30 mumol litre-1, pinacidil 0.1-30 mumol litre-1 and papaverine 0.1-300 mumol litre-1 was demonstrated. Thiopental 30-300 mumol litre-1, propofol 10-100 mumol litre-1, 10% Intralipid 45 microliters or glibenclamide 5 mumol litre-1 were applied 15 min before addition of phenylephrine. During contractions with phenylephrine, cromakalim and pinacidil induced concentration-dependent relaxation. A selective ATP-sensitive potassium channel antagonist, glibenclamide 5 mumol litre-1, abolished this relaxation, whereas it did not affect relaxation produced by papaverine. Thiopental concentrations > 30 mumol litre-1 significantly impaired relaxation produced by cromakalim or pinacidil. Propofol concentrations > 10 mumol litre-1 also significantly reduced relaxation produced by cromakalim or pinacidil, whereas Intralipid was ineffective. Thiopental 300 mumol litre-1 and propofol 100 mumol litre-1 did not alter relaxation produced by papaverine. These results suggest that the i.v. anaesthetics, thiopental and propofol, impaired vasodilatation mediated by ATP-sensitive potassium channels in vascular smooth muscle cells. (+info)

Effect of remifentanil on the auditory evoked response and haemodynamic changes after intubation and surgical incision. (7/1774)

We have observed the effect of intubation and incision, as measured by the auditory evoked response (AER) and haemodynamic variables, in 12 patients undergoing hernia repair or varicose vein surgery who received remifentanil as part of either an inhaled anaesthetic technique using isoflurane or as part of a total i.v. technique using propofol. Anaesthesia was induced with remifentanil 1 microgram kg-1 and propofol, neuromuscular block was achieved with atracurium 0.6 mg kg-1 before intubation, and anaesthesia was maintained with a continuous infusion of remifentanil in combination with either a continuous infusion of propofol or inhaled isoflurane. The AER and haemodynamic variables were measured before and after intubation and incision. The effects of intubation and incision on the AER and haemodynamic variables were not significantly different between the remifentanil-propofol and remifentanil-isoflurane groups. However, the study had a low power for this comparison. When the data for the two anaesthetic combinations were pooled, the only significant effects were increases in diastolic arterial pressure and heart rate immediately after intubation; these were not seen 5 min after intubation. There were no cardiovascular responses to incision. There were no significant changes in the AER after intubation or incision. (+info)

Postsurgical Candida albicans infections associated with an extrinsically contaminated intravenous anesthetic agent. (8/1774)

From 16 to 30 April 1990, four of 364 (1%) postsurgical patients at one hospital developed Candida albicans fungemia or endophthalmitis. The case patients' surgeries were clustered on two days. To identify risk factors for C. albicans infections, we conducted a cohort study comparing these 4 patients with 67 control patients who had surgeries on the same days but did not acquire C. albicans infections. The participation of anesthesiologist 9 (relative risk [RR], undefined; P < 0.001) and receipt of intravenous propofol, an anesthetic agent without preservative, which was administered by an infusion pump (RR, 8.8; P = 0.048) were identified as risk factors for C. albicans infections. The anesthetic had been recently introduced in the hospital. Hand cultures of 8 of 14 (57%) anesthesiologists were positive for Candida species; one yielded C. albicans. Anesthesiologist 9 was the only one to use stored syringes of propofol in the infusion pump and to reuse propofol syringes. DNA fingerprinting with a digoxigenin-labeled C. albicans repetitive element 2 probe and electrophoretic karyotyping showed two distinct banding patterns among patient isolates. We hypothesize that extrinsic contamination of propofol by anesthesiologist 9 likely resulted in C. albicans infections. These data suggest that strict aseptic techniques must be used when preparing and administering propofol. (+info)

Propofol[edit]. Propofol[5] is a non-barbiturate derivative that is thought to act by stimulating inhibitory GABA receptors and ... It takes 40 seconds for the effects of propofol to kick in, and effects lasts 6 minutes. Propofol has both sedative and ... Propofol is also painful when administered intravenously, therefore, lidocaine is commonly used as a pretreatment to help ... It was commonly used with midazolam for effective PSA prior to propofol and etomidate. The major complication of fentanyl is ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conscious_sedation

ISBN 978-0-399-15727-1. "Propofol". The New Yorker. June 30, 2008. "Lemnos". Poetry. March 2008. "The Red Portrait". Poetry. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karl_Kirchwey

Propofol (Diprivan, Propoven) is a commonly used intravenous sedative. Because it is only slightly soluble in water, it is ... "Propofol". Drugs.com. 6 July 2019. Retrieved 28 November 2019. Dewachter P, Kopac P, Laguna JJ, Mertes PM, Sabato V, Volcheck ... "Diprivan (propofol) Injectable Emulsion, USP". RxList. Retrieved 2 November 2019. Thanai Pongdee (2019). "Soy-allergenic and ... and the vast majority of people with known soy or egg allergies do not have a reaction to propofol. Protein contact dermatitis ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soy_allergy

PROPOFOL 133. PROTIPENDIL 134. PROTRIPTILINE 135. PROXIMETACAINE 136. RISPERIDONE 137. ROPINIROL 138. SELEGILINE 139. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brazilian_Controlled_Drugs_and_Substances_Act

... (INN) (brand name Nopron) is a sedative-hypnotic drug of the phenylpiperazine group.[1][2] It has been used in the treatment of sleep disturbances since the early 1970s in several European countries including France, Italy, and Luxembourg.[3][4] It is commonly used with children and adolescents on account of its favorable safety and tolerability profile and lack of abuse potential.[5][6][7][8][9][10] Originally believed to act as an antihistamine and anticholinergic,[11] niaprazine was later discovered to have low or no binding affinity for the H1 and mACh receptors (Ki = , 1 μM), and was instead found to act as a potent and selective 5-HT2A and α1-adrenergic receptor antagonist (Ki = 75 nM and 86 nM, respectively).[12] It possesses low or no affinity for the 5-HT1A, 5-HT2B, D2, and β-adrenergic, as well as at SERT and VMAT (Ki = all , 1 μM), but it does have some affinity for the α2-adrenergic receptor (Ki = 730 nM),[12] likely acting as an antagonist there as well. Niaprazine ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niaprazine

... (INN), also known as captodiamine, is an antihistamine sold under the trade names Covatine, Covatix, and Suvren which is used as a sedative and anxiolytic. The structure is related to diphenhydramine.[1] A 2004 study suggested captodiame may be helpful in preventing benzodiazepine withdrawal syndrome in people discontinuing benzodiazepine treatment.[1] In addition to its actions as an antihistamine, captodiamine has been found to act as a 5-HT2C receptor antagonist and σ1 receptor and D3 receptor agonist.[2] It produces antidepressant-like effects in rats.[2] However, captodiamine is unique among antidepressant-like drugs in that it increases brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels in the hypothalamus but not in the frontal cortex or hippocampus.[2] This unique action may be related to its ability to attenuate stress-induced anhedonia and corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) signaling in the hypothalamus.[2] ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Captodiame

... is the cyclic trimer of acetaldehyde molecules.[2] Formally, it is a derivative of 1,3,5-trioxane. The corresponding tetramer is metaldehyde. A colourless liquid, it is sparingly soluble in water and highly soluble in ethanol. Paraldehyde slowly oxidizes in air, turning brown and producing an odour of acetic acid. It quickly reacts with most plastics and rubber. Paraldehyde was first observed in 1835 by the German chemist Justus Liebig; its empirical formula was determined in 1838 by Liebig's student Hermann Fehling.[3][4] Paraldehyde was first synthesized in 1848 by the German chemist Valentin Hermann Weidenbusch (1821-1893), another student of Liebig; he obtained paraldehyde by treating acetaldehyde with acid (either sulfuric or nitric acid).[5][6] It has uses in industry and medicine. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paraldehyde

Propofol. *Quisqualamine. *Sarcosine. *Taurine. *Positive modulators: Alcohols (e.g., brometone, chlorobutanol (chloretone), ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1,1,1-Trichloroethane

... , also known as validolum, is the menthyl ester of isovaleric acid. It is a transparent oily, colorless liquid with a smell of menthol. It is very slightly soluble in ethanol, while practically insoluble in water. It is used as a food additive for flavor and fragrance.[1] ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Validolum

Phenols (e.g., propofol). *Phenytoin. *Piperidinediones (e.g., glutethimide). *Propanidid. *Pyrazolopyridines (e.g., etazolate) ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phenibut

... , also known as cyclobarbitol or cyclobarbitone, is a drug that is a barbiturate derivative.[1] It is primarily available in fixed-dose combination with diazepam under the brand name Reladorm (100 mg cyclobarbital + 10 mg diazepam) and is used to treat insomnia in Russia.[2] ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyclobarbital

Propofol: an anesthetic medication that confers antiemetic properties Alternative medicine[edit]. In conjunction with ... The intravenous anaesthetic propofol is currently the least emetogenic general anaesthetic. These medications are thought to ... A 2008 study compared 121 Japanese patients who experienced PONV after being given the general anesthetic propofol to 790 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Postoperative_nausea_and_vomiting

When given slowly by an intravenous route, sodium amobarbital has a reputation for acting as a so-called truth serum. Under the influence, a person will divulge information that under normal circumstances they would block. This was most likely due to loss of inhibition. As such, the drug was first employed clinically by Dr. William Bleckwenn at the University of Wisconsin to circumvent inhibitions in psychiatric patients.[7] The use of amobarbital as a truth serum has lost credibility due to the discovery that a subject can be coerced into having a "false memory" of the event.[8](subscription required)[citation needed] The drug may be used intravenously to interview patients with catatonic mutism, sometimes combined with caffeine to prevent sleep.[9] It was used by the United States armed forces during World War II in an attempt to treat shell shock and return soldiers to the front-line duties.[10] This use has since been discontinued as the powerful sedation, cognitive impairment, and ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amobarbital

... has potential for either medical misuse when the drug is continued long term without or against medical advice, or for recreational use when the drug is taken to achieve a "high".[53][54] The transition from medical use of zolpidem to high-dose addiction or drug dependence can occur with use, but some believe it may be more likely when used without a doctor's recommendation to continue using it, when physiological drug tolerance leads to higher doses than the usual 5 mg or 10 mg, when consumed through inhalation or injection, or when taken for purposes other than as a sleep aid.[53] Recreational use is more prevalent in those having been dependent on other drugs in the past, but tolerance and drug dependence can still sometimes occur in those without a history of drug dependence. Chronic users of high doses are more likely to develop physical dependence on the drug, which may cause severe withdrawal symptoms, including seizures, if abrupt withdrawal from zolpidem occurs.[55] Other ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ambien

... (also known as clonitrazolam) is a benzodiazepine that has had very little research done about its effects and metabolism, and has been sold online as a designer drug.[1][2][3][4][5] The synthesis of clonazolam was first reported in 1971 and the drug was described as the most active compound in the series tested.[6][7] Clonazolam is reported to be highly potent, and concerns have been raised that clonazolam and flubromazolam in particular may pose comparatively higher risks than other designer benzodiazepines, due to their ability to produce strong sedation and amnesia at oral doses of as little as 0.5 mg.[8] ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clonazolam

... is a sedative and hypnotic drug used in scientific research. It has similar effects to sedative-hypnotic benzodiazepine drugs, but is structurally distinct and so is classed as a nonbenzodiazepine hypnotic. U-90042 is a GABAA agonist acting primarily at the α1, α3 and α6 subtypes, with a Ki of 7.8nM at α1, 9.5nM at α3 and 11.0nM at α6. It produces sedation and ataxia and prolongs sleeping time in mice, rats and monkeys, but does not produce amnesia and blocks the amnestic effect of diazepam, reflecting its different subtype affinity compared to benzodiazepine drugs.[1] It was developed by a team at Novo Nordisk in the 1980s.[2] ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/U-90042

The effects of dissociatives can include sensory dissociation, hallucinations, mania, catalepsy, analgesia and amnesia.[5][6][7] The characteristic features of dissociative anesthesia were described as catalepsy, amnesia and analgesia.[5] According to Pender (1972), "the state has been designated as dissociative anesthesia since the patient truly seems disassociated from his environment."[8] Bonta (2004) described dissociative anaesthesia as "... a peculiar anaesthetic state in which marked sensory loss and analgesia as well as amnesia is not accompanied by actual loss of consciousness."[9] Both Pender (1970) and Johnstone et al. (1959) reported that patients under anaesthesia due to either ketamine or phencyclidine were prone to purposeless movements and had hallucinations (or "dreams"[10]) during and after anaesthesia. Some patients found the hallucinations euphoric while others found them disturbing. At sub-anesthetic doses, dissociatives alter many of the same cognitive and perceptual ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dissociative

... became increasingly popular as a recreational drug in the late 1960s and 1970s, known variously as "ludes" or "sopers" (also "soaps") in the United States and "mandrakes" and "mandies" in the UK, Australia and New Zealand. The drug was more tightly regulated in Britain under the Misuse of Drugs Act 1971 and in the U.S. from 1973. It was withdrawn from many developed markets in the early 1980s. In the United States it was withdrawn in 1982 and made a Schedule I drug in 1984. It has a DEA ACSCN of 2565 and in 2013 the aggregate annual manufacturing quota for the United States was 10 grams. Mention of its possible use in some types of cancer and AIDS treatments has periodically appeared in the literature since the late 1980s; research does not appear to have reached an advanced stage. The DEA has also added the methaqualone analogue mecloqualone (also a result of some incomplete clandestine syntheses) to Schedule I as ACSCN 2572, with zero manufacturing quota. Gene Haislip, the former ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Methaqualone

Propofol. *Quisqualamine. *Sarcosine. *Taurine. *Positive modulators: Alcohols (e.g., brometone, chlorobutanol (chloretone), ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Desmethylflunitrazepam

A benzodiazepine (sometimes colloquially "benzo"; often abbreviated "BZD") is a drug whose core chemical structure is the fusion of a benzene ring and a diazepine ring. The first such drug, chlordiazepoxide (Librium), was discovered accidentally by Leo Sternbach in 1955, and made available in 1960 by Hoffmann-La Roche, which has also marketed the benzodiazepine diazepam (Valium) since 1963. Benzodiazepines enhance the effect of the neurotransmitter gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) at the GABAA receptor, resulting in sedative, hypnotic (sleep-inducing), anxiolytic (anti-anxiety), anticonvulsant, and muscle relaxant properties; also seen in the applied pharmacology of high doses of many shorter-acting benzodiazepines are amnesic-dissociative actions. These properties make benzodiazepines useful in treating anxiety, insomnia, agitation, seizures, muscle spasms, alcohol withdrawal and as a premedication for medical or dental procedures. Benzodiazepines are categorized as either short-, intermediate-, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Depressant

Propofol. *Quisqualamine. *Sarcosine. *Taurine. *Positive modulators: Alcohols (e.g., brometone, chlorobutanol (chloretone), ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2,2,2-Trifluoroethanol

In order to hydroxylate L-tryptophan, the cofactor tetrahydrobiopterin (THB) must first react with oxygen and the active site iron of tryptophan hydroxylase. This mechanism is not well understood, but two mechanisms have been proposed: 1. A slow transfer of one electron from the THB to O2 could produce a superoxide which could recombine with the THB radical to give 4a-peroxypterin. 4a-peroxypterin could then react with the active site iron (II) to form an iron-peroxypterin intermediate or directly transfer an oxygen atom to the iron. 2. O2 could react with the active site iron (II) first, producing iron (III) superoxide which could then react with the THB to form an iron-peroxypterin intermediate. Iron (IV) oxide from the iron-peroxypterin intermediate is selectively attacked by a double bond to give a carbocation at the C5 position of the indole ring. A 1,2-shift of the hydrogen and then a loss of one of the two hydrogen atoms on C5 reestablishes aromaticity to furnish ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mela-T

... (Alphenal, Efrodal, Prophenal, Sanudorm), also known as 5-allyl-5-phenylbarbituric acid, is a barbiturate derivative developed in the 1920s.[1] It has primarily anticonvulsant properties, and was used occasionally for the treatment of epilepsy or convulsions, although not as commonly as better known barbiturates such as phenobarbital.[2][3] [4][5] LD50: Mouse (Oral): 280 mg/kg ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phenallymal

Non-medication based strategies have comparable efficacy to hypnotic medication for insomnia and they may have longer lasting effects. Hypnotic medication is only recommended for short-term use because dependence with rebound withdrawal effects upon discontinuation or tolerance can develop.[66]. Non medication based strategies provide long lasting improvements to insomnia and are recommended as a first line and long-term strategy of management. The strategies include attention to sleep hygiene, stimulus control, behavioral interventions, sleep-restriction therapy, paradoxical intention, patient education, and relaxation therapy.[67] Some examples are keeping a journal, restricting the time spent awake in bed, practicing relaxation techniques, and maintaining a regular sleep schedule and a wake-up time.[65] Behavioral therapy can assist a patient in developing new sleep behaviors to improve sleep quality and consolidation. Behavioral therapy may include, learning healthy sleep habits to promote ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sleep_aids

... is an antihistamine and anticholinergic of the pyridine chemical class which was developed in the early 1950s. It was sold under the trade names Co-Pyronil and Histadyl EC.[1] It has relatively strong sedative effects, to the extent that its primary use was as a medication for insomnia rather than for its antihistamine action. Together with scopolamine, it was the main ingredient in Sominex, Nytol, and Sleep-Eze. It also provided the sedative component of Excedrin PM. All of these products were reformulated in the late 1970s when methapyrilene was demonstrated to cause liver cancer in rats when given chronically.[2] ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Methapyrilene

... but was supplanted by propofol.[4] Despite this thiopental is still listed as an acceptable alternative to propofol, depending ... Its use has been largely replaced with that of propofol, but retains popularity as an induction agent for rapid sequence ... However, in comparison with propofol, the reflex tachycardia seen during states of hypotension is relatively spared (a ... It has now been superseded by drugs such as propofol because their effects wear off more quickly than thiopental. Patients with ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pentothal

... (Ro41-3696) is a nonbenzodiazepine hypnotic drug which binds to benzodiazepine sites on the GABAA receptor. In human clinical trials, lirequinil was found to have similar efficacy to zolpidem, with less side effects such as clumsiness and memory impairment. However it was also much slower acting than zolpidem, with peak plasma concentrations not reached until 2.5 hours after oral administration, and its O-desethyl metabolite Ro41-3290 is also active with a half-life of 8 hours.[1][2][3][4] This meant that while effective as a hypnotic, lirequinil failed to prove superior to zolpidem due to producing more next-day sedation, and it has not been adopted for clinical use. It was developed by a team at Hoffmann-La Roche in the 1990s.[5] ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lirequinil

... is primarily used to induce anesthesia, and is generally provided as a sodium salt (i.e. methohexital sodium). It is only used in hospital or similar settings, under strict supervision.[citation needed] It has been commonly used to induce deep sedation or general anesthesia for surgery and dental procedures. Unlike many other barbiturates, methohexital actually lowers the seizure threshold, a property that make it particularly useful when anesthesia is provided for an electroconvulsive therapy (ECT).[2] And rapid recovery rate with consciousness being gained within three to seven minutes after induction and full recovery within 30 minutes is a major advantage over other ECT barbiturates.[2] ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Methohexital

Propofol. *HIV medications. Screening[edit]. In 2016 the United States Preventive Services Task Force concluded that testing ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypertriglyceridemia

NaBr crystallizes in the same cubic motif as NaCl, NaF and NaI. The anhydrous salt crystallizes above 50.7 °C.[7] Dihydrate salts (NaBr·2H2O) crystallize out of water solution below 50.7 °C.[8] NaBr is produced by treating sodium hydroxide with hydrogen bromide. Sodium bromide can be used as a source of the chemical element bromine. This can be accomplished by treating an aqueous solution of NaBr with chlorine gas: ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sodium_bromide

Propofol infusion syndrome[edit]. Main article: Propofol infusion syndrome. A rare, but serious, side effect is propofol ... "PropoFlo (propofol) for Animal Use". Drugs.com. Retrieved 13 February 2019.. *^ "Discovery and development of propofol, a ... Although propofol is heavily used in the adult ICU setting, the side effects associated with propofol seem to be of greater ... Propofol is often used instead of sodium thiopental for starting anesthesia because recovery from propofol is more rapid and " ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Propofol

Propofol for implantable cardioverter defibrillator implantation in patients with Brugada syndrome. Pacing and Clinical ...

https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs40278-018-48939-x

See an archive of all propofol stories published on the New York Media network, which includes NYMag, The Cut, Vulture, and ...

http://nymag.com/tags/propofol/

It is associated with high doses and long-term use of propofol (> 4 mg/kg/h for more than 24 hours). It occurs more commonly in ... Propofol infusion syndrome (PRIS) is a rare syndrome which affects patients undergoing long-term treatment with high doses of ... PRIS is a rare complication of propofol infusion. It is generally associated with high doses (>4 mg/kg per hour or >67 mcg/kg ... McKeage, K; Perry, CM (2003). "Propofol: a review of its use in intensive care sedation of adults". CNS Drugs. 17 (4): 235-72. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Propofol_infusion_syndrome

Propofol , Monograph containing literature references, physical and biological properties and relevant information ...

https://www.rsc.org/Merck-Index/monograph/m9217?q=unauthorize

Propofolunknown. A short acting sedative hypnotic used in short procedures and minor surgeries. It is God's gift the ... Patient: 10, 9, 8, hey that b......*Goes into deep coma from propofol* ...

https://www.urbandictionary.com/define.php?term=Propofol

... Matt Jones jonesmat at ohsu.edu Fri Oct 11 11:33:56 EST 1996 *Previous message: Propofol ... We are looking for the receptor type on which propofol is binding to and ,(ultimately) act through. ,Thanks in advance Hi, ... Propofol both potentiates the channel response to GABA, and directly activates the channel in the absence of GABA: Hales and ... 1993) Propofol activates GABA-A receptor-chloride ionophore complex in dissociated hippocampal pyramidal neurons of the rat. ...

http://www.bio.net/bionet/mm/neur-sci/1996-October/025726.html

Conrad Murrays new lawyer claims hes the best of the best when it comes to cases involving Propofol and death -- and dude has ... Conrad Murrays new lawyer claims hes the best of the best when it comes to cases involving Propofol and death -- and dude has ... TMZ spoke to J. Michael Flanagan who told us, "Im probably the only attorney in town that has successfully tried a Propofol ...

https://www.tmz.com/2010/01/08/murrays-new-lawyer-i-know-propofol-fios/

Propofol was first tested clinically in 1977. Following reformulation into an oil-based emulsion, giving it a milky appearance ... Propofol, anesthetic drug used to induce and maintain general anesthesia and to sedate patients for certain medical procedures ... Side effects of propofol include pain at the injection site, hypotension, hypertension, nausea, cough, tingling sensation, and ... Propofol, anesthetic drug used to induce and maintain general anesthesia and to sedate patients for certain medical procedures ...

https://www.britannica.com/topic/propofol

A list of US medications equivalent to Propofol-Hospira is available on the Drugs.com website. ... Propofol-Hospira is a medicine available in a number of countries worldwide. ... Propofol-Hospira may be available in the countries listed below.. Ingredient matches for Propofol-Hospira. Propofol. Propofol ...

https://www.drugs.com/international/propofol-hospira.html

Weve learned the FDA and CDC have issued a warning over certain batches of Propofol -- the drug found in Michael Jacksons ...

https://www.tmz.com/2009/07/14/govt-issues-warning-over-propofol/

Does the combined use of propofol and dexmedetomidine provide cardiovascular stability with a safer profile than either drug ... Backgroud: Although propofol and dexmedetomidine have been widely used for monitored anesthesia care, their adverse effects ... Conclusions: The combined use of propofol and dexmedetomidine provided cardiovascular stability with decreased adverse effects ... Therefore, we performed this randomized controlled trial to evaluate the combined use of propofol and dexmedetomidine. ...

https://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/878598

MRI BOLD signal data obtained from individuals undergoing various levels of sedation with the anaesthetic agent propofol, ... Propofol Sedation. Intravenous propofol was administered with a Baxter AS 50 (Singapore). The infusion pump was manually ... Propofol Sedation. Propofol was administered intravenously as a "target controlled infusion" (plasma concentration mode), using ... to assess plasma propofol levels. In total, 6 blood samples were drawn during the study. The mean (SD) measured plasma propofol ...

https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-020-57695-3?error=cookies_not_supported&code=1a6847ec-2785-4459-95fd-f7e3d16e8e3b

propofol was found in Washington Manual. The Washington Manual of Medical Therapeutics helps you diagnose and treat hundreds of ...

https://www.unboundmedicine.com/washingtonmanual/search?q=propofol

... and the practice performing the procedure uses propofol for deep sedation administered venously... ... They will sedate me with IV propofol, and the anesthesiologist stays in the room to monitor my breathing and heart rate. The ... Any advice for me? What was your experience? Some people (in average health) find propofol downright pleasant and others are in ... Im scheduled to have an upper GI endoscopy next week, and the practice performing the procedure uses propofol for deep ...

https://www.healingwell.com/community/default.aspx?f=30&m=4166834

Professional guide for Propofol. Includes: pharmacology, pharmacokinetics, contraindications, interactions, adverse reactions ... Propofol emulsion contains 1.1 kcal/mL. Soybean fat emulsion is used as a vehicle for propofol. Formulations also contain egg ... RifAMPin: May enhance the hypotensive effect of Propofol. Management: Note that use of propofol in a patient who has been ... Because Fresenius Propoven 2% contains double the concentration of propofol (20 mg/mL) compared to the FDA-approved propofol ...

https://www.drugs.com/ppa/propofol.html

Propofol is used to help you relax before and during general anesthesia for surgery or other medical procedures. Propofol is ... also used to sedate a patient who is under critical care and needs a mechanical ventilator (breathing machine). Propofol may ... Propofol slows the activity of your brain and nervous system. ... What is propofol?. Propofol slows the activity of your brain ... How is propofol given?. Propofol is injected into a vein through an IV. A healthcare provider will give you this injection. ...

https://www.cigna.com/individuals-families/health-wellness/hw/medications/propofol-d00933a1

Might the addition of intravenous lidocaine to propofol-based sedation decrease the overall propofol requirement in elderly ... The addition of intravenous lidocaine to propofol-based sedation resulted in a remarked reduction of supplemental propofol in ... Table 3. Comparison of propofol doses between the two groups Items. NS + P group (n = 40). L + P group (n = 39). ... the supplemental amount of propofol after induction, and the frequencies of boluses of supplemental propofol. ...

https://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/931596

Transcript of PROPOFOL. CVL 2013. Utilización del Propofol en Perros y Gatos. Propofol. 1. 2,6-disopropilfenol. 2. 10 mg/mL 20 ... Propofol + Remifentanilo. TIVA. TCI Propofol 3.5 mcg/mL. Remifentanilo 0.2 mcg/kg/min. No proporciona analgesia. Propofol. No ... Propofol. Pancreatitis Propofol PANCREATITIS (humanos). 10% PROPOFOL es Intralipidico Hipertrigliceridemia. La disminución de ... Cargar el propofol en una jeringa estéril (marcar el día y hora). Desechar en 6 horas. Evitar la contaminación con sangre y ...

https://prezi.com/ugo06w_fdpg_/propofol/

... leading Murray to treat it with propofol. Read more: Conrad Murray Trial: Propofol Expert Only Suggested Jackson Ingested the ... Aside from there being no residual propofol in the bag or in the upper part of the IV line, propping the bottle up in a bag in ... Murray was infusing propofol, White (pictured) said on Thursday. It wasnt obvious to me. I thought there were questions. ... Paul White said he believes after Michael Jackson was given a dose of propofol by Conrad Murray in the early morning hours of ...

https://www.reuters.com/article/idUS114719469620111028

Capnographic monitoring of propofol-based sedation during colonoscopy.. Friedrich-Rust M1, Welte M1, Welte C2, Albert J1, ... In patients undergoing colonoscopy during propofol-based sedation capnography monitoring with a simple and inexpensive device ... In patients with anesthesiologist-administered sedation, sedation was deeper, a combination of sedative medication (propofol, ... Age correlates with hypotension during propofol-based anesthesia for endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography. [Acta ...

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24338242?dopt=Abstract

The appearance of Propofol can differ based on the dosing. ... PROPOFOL (injection, emulsion) comes in different strengths and ...

https://www.healthgrades.com/drugs/propofol/dosage

Singer Michael Jackson was warned by a nurse practitioner about using the sedative propofol to help him sleep, a Los Angeles ... Cherilyn Lee said Jackson told her that Diprivan - a brand name for propofol - was the only thing that would knock him out and ... She told jurors she had tried to give Jackson natural remedies to deal with his insomnia and had told him propofol was too ... Singer Michael Jackson was warned by a nurse practitioner about using the sedative propofol to help him sleep, a Los Angeles ...

https://www.modernghana.com/music/16491/michael-jackson-warned-about-propofol-use.html

Wolters Kluwer Health may email you for journal alerts and information, but is committed to maintaining your privacy and will not share your personal information without your express consent. For more information, please refer to our Privacy Policy ...

https://journals.lww.com/anesthesia-analgesia/Citation/1992/11000/Propofol_in_Cardiac_Catheterization.39.aspx

Active Comparator: Propofol Propofol anesthesia. Drug: propofol Induction with propofol (1.5 to 2mg/kg) and maintenance of ... Propofol and Perioperative Inflammation. The safety and scientific validity of this study is the responsibility of the study ... as well as the solvent of propofol 1% (Intralipid 10%; corresponding to a target-controlled infusion of propofol with ... Propofol and/or Its Solvent Modify the Course of Inflammatory Response After Surgical Stress: A Randomized, Controlled, Double- ...

https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01115179

Propofol, a powerful anesthetic typically used in operating rooms, and the tranquilizer lorazepam (Ativan) were identified as " ... A statement from the coroners office said the cause of death was established as "acute propofol intoxication" aggravated by " ... Jackson Autopsy Fingers Propofol, Lorazepam as Cause of Death. Published: Aug 28, 2009 ...

https://www.medpagetoday.com/productalert/prescriptions/15736

Medical Board has gone ahead and barred Michael Jacksons former physician from administering heavy sedatives like Propofol to ...

https://okmagazine.com/news/dr-conrad-murray-barred-administering-propofol/

Ten bottles of Propofol were found in Jacksons home.. Propofol and Teva, which is headquartered in Israel, have had a rocky. ... The worldwide scorn directed at those closest to Michael Jackson in his final days may have extended to the drug Propofol and ... Propofol in 2009 after 41 patients fell ill with flu-like symptoms.. That fueled several of the lawsuits. ... You are here: Home / News / Michael Jacksons Ghost Spooks Propofol Maker Teva ...

https://www.ocweekly.com/michael-jacksons-ghost-spooks-propofol-maker-teva-6443848/

... means the sales value of Propofol This report studies Propofol in Global market, especially in Nor ... 3.2 Propofol Product Type, Application and Specification. 3.2.1 Type I. 3.2.2 Type II. 3.3 B.Braun Melsungen AG Propofol ... 2.2 Propofol Product Type, Application and Specification. 2.2.1 Type I. 2.2.2 Type II. 2.3 Fresenius Kabi Propofol Capacity, ... 5.2 Propofol Product Type, Application and Specification. 5.2.1 Type I. 5.2.2 Type II. 5.3 Xian Libang Propofol Capacity, ...

https://www.medgadget.com/2016/10/2021-global-propofol-market-trend-forecast.html

If Michael Jackson died from lethal levels of the powerful anesthetic propofol, then he must have been injected with much more ... Propofol dosage reported in Michael Jackson case is low, experts say. Dr. Conrad Murray told police he injected 25 milligrams ... Conrad Murray told police that he had been giving Jackson 50 milligrams of propofol each night for six weeks. In a three-hour ... The medical experts said that if the propofol dosage were higher and combined with other medications, it could have led to an ...

http://articles.latimes.com/2009/aug/27/local/me-jackson-drug27

Propofol , marketed as Diprivan , among other names, is a short-acting medication that results in a decreased level of consciousness and a lack of memory for events . (wikipedia.org)
Cherilyn Lee said Jackson told her that Diprivan - a brand name for propofol - was the only thing that would knock him out and induce the sleep he needed. (modernghana.com)
FDA issues warning on propofol (Diprivan). (cmaj.ca)
Diprivan [propofol]. (cmaj.ca)
The warrant read: "The Los Angeles Chief Medical Examiner-Coroner, Dr. Sathyavagiswaran, indicated that he had reviewed the preliminary toxicology results and his preliminary assessment of Jackson's cause of death was due to lethal levels of Propofol (Diprivan). (postchronicle.com)
The Warnings section of the drug's package insert (Diprivan®, AstraZeneca 08/05, accessed 1-09) states that propofol used for sedation or anesthesia "should be administered only by persons trained in the administration of general anesthesia and not involved in the conduct of the surgical/diagnostic procedure. (asahq.org)
Anyone have any experiences with Propofol (diprivan) sedation during colonoscopy? (healingwell.com)
Although the powerful sedative propofol (Diprivan) was implicated in singer Michael Jackson's death in June, administration of the drug by a nonanesthesiologist is safe in trained hands, four major gastroenterology and hepatology societies asserted today. (medpagetoday.com)
In fact, at its October meeting, the American Society of Anesthesiologists reiterated its long held position, in a statement that the group "unequivocally maintains that Diprivan, or its generic name propofol, is a drug meant only for use in a medical setting by professionals trained in the provision of general anesthesia. (medpagetoday.com)
What is the most important information I should know about propofol (Diprivan, Propoven)? (emedicinehealth.com)
How is propofol given (Diprivan, Propoven)? (emedicinehealth.com)
What should I avoid after receiving propofol (Diprivan, Propoven)? (emedicinehealth.com)
Assessment report for Diprivan (propofol) (downloaded 2011-05-24). (janusinfo.se)
Propofol, whose trade name is Diprivan, is commonly used to sedate people undergoing colonoscopies, and leaves patients feeling well-rested when they wake up, experts say. (cnn.com)
What is Propofol (Diprivan) used for? (everydayhealth.com)
Can I take Propofol (Diprivan) if I'm pregnant or breastfeeding? (everydayhealth.com)
Use Propofol (Diprivan) exactly as directed on the label, or as prescribed by your doctor. (everydayhealth.com)
Propofol (Diprivan) is a short-acting, intravenously administered hypnotic agent. (sciencephoto.com)
Also known as Diprivan, Propofol is a general anesthesia used for surgery. (recoveryranch.com)
Propofol is the generic form of Diprivan and is administered by. (addictionsearch.com)

The effect of propofol on headaches more than a few days after the intervention has not been explored. (hindawi.com)
An extended cardiac arrest with 15 randomized piglets was studied to assess the effect of propofol or its solvent intralipid as the control group. (diva-portal.org)
These results emphasize the importance of recurrent corticocortical communication in the maintenance of consciousness and suggest a direct effect of propofol on cortical dynamics. (jneurosci.org)

Common side effects of propofol include an irregular heart rate , low blood pressure , a burning sensation at the site of injection and the cessation of breathing . (wikipedia.org)
Side effects of propofol include pain at the injection site, hypotension , hypertension , nausea , cough , tingling sensation, and itching Rare side effects include arrhythmia , convulsion , and cardiac arrest . (britannica.com)
such interactions can increase the anesthetic and sedative effects of propofol, producing potentially dangerous effects, such as cardiorespiratory depression and slowing of heart rate. (britannica.com)
Your breathing, blood pressure, oxygen levels, kidney function, and other vital signs will be watched closely while you are under the effects of propofol. (cigna.com)
What are the possible side effects of propofol? (cigna.com)
These effects of propofol promote regeneration following sciatic nerve injury. (medindia.net)
This study determined acute and long-term effects of propofol administration in patients with severe headaches undergoing endoscopic procedures. (hindawi.com)
Effects of propofol, an intravenous anesthetic agent that exerts potent antioxidant properties, were investigated in an experimental model of cardiac arrest and cardiopulmonary resuscitation. (diva-portal.org)
To investigate the effects of anesthetics on neurocognition, we compared the effects of propofol versus sevoflurane on cerebral oxygenation and cognitive outcome in patients with impaired cerebral oxygenation undergoing general anesthesia. (dovepress.com)

The sedative propofol, thought to be a factor in Michael Jackson's death, can make a 10-minute nap feel like a good night's sleep. (wsj.com)
The report said citing multiple law enforcement sources, two kinds of drugs, the anesthetic Propofol the pop star used to sleep and the alprazolam, known as Xanax used to treat anxiety were found in Michael Jackson's system. (ibtimes.com)
According to White, the fact that there was no infusion set-up found at Jackson's home makes the infusion theory highly likely, and the prospect of infusion is inconsistent with the level of propofol found in the singer's body during his autopsy. (reuters.com)
White also contended it was unlikely that the propofol had been infused via a bottle of the drug suspended inside a slit saline bag, such as the set-up that was found in Jackson's bedroom. (reuters.com)
Prosecutors contend Murray is criminally liable for Jackson's June 25, 2009 death because he recklessly administered the propofol, a potent surgical anesthetic drug, and was negligent in properly monitoring Jackson. (reuters.com)
The defense was trying to illustrate that withdrawal from the Demerol could have caused Jackson's insomnia, leading Murray to treat it with propofol. (reuters.com)
Propofol, a powerful anesthetic typically used in operating rooms, and the tranquilizer lorazepam (Ativan) were identified as "the primary drugs responsible for Mr. Jackson's death. (medpagetoday.com)
Teva Pharmaceuticals maintains it already discontinued the hypnotic drug-not because of Jackson's death, but because Propofol was hard to manufacture, the company got little or no profit from it and there were pending lawsuits tied to it. (ocweekly.com)
Ten bottles of Propofol were found in Jackson's home. (ocweekly.com)
In a three-hour interview with police two days after Jackson's death, Murray said he had been trying to wean the singer off the anesthetic and, on the day of his death, gave him a combination of other sedatives before succumbing to Jackson's demands for propofol. (latimes.com)
The preliminary toxicology reports cited in the court records said that "lethal levels" of propofol were found in Jackson's blood. (latimes.com)
Meanwhile, authorities are focused on propofol as a central element in Jackson's death at age 50. (pravda.ru)
On June 23, two days before Jackson's death, he administered those two medications and withheld the propofol. (latimes.com)
Between March and April 2009, Murray said he called Las Vegas doctor David Adams at Jackson's request to arrange for Adams to administer propofol. (latimes.com)
Dr. Steven Shafer's testimony Wednesday in Dr. Conrad Murray's involuntary manslaughter trial included a video re-enactment of the proper administration of propofol, the drug cited in a coroner's report on Jackson's death. (nbcbayarea.com)
Toxicological testing done by the coroner's office determined that Jackson's death was caused by acute propofol intoxication, with 'benzodiazepene effect'' as a contributing condition, a deputy medical examiner testified last week. (nbcbayarea.com)
A propofol overdose, leading to respiratory depression and cardiac arrest, and aggravated by benzodiazepines and other drugs, caused Michael Jackson's death on June 25, his autopsy found. (medpagetoday.com)
With the opening of the trial for Michael Jackson's doctor Conrad Murray , we'll be hearing the word 'propofol' a lot again. (cnn.com)
Prosecutors have accused Murray of taking part in Jackson's overdose of propofol, alleging that Murray gave the pop icon a makeshift intravenous drip to administer the drug, intended to help Jackson sleep. (cnn.com)

[13] One of the reasons propofol is thought to be more effective (although it has a longer half-life than lorazepam) is because studies have found that benzodiazepines like midazolam and lorazepam tend to accumulate in critically ill patients, prolonging sedation. (wikipedia.org)
In patients with anesthesiologist-administered sedation, sedation was deeper, a combination of sedative medication (propofol, midazolam and/or ketamine) was administered significantly more often, and sedative doses were significantly higher compared with patients receiving NAPS or EDS. (nih.gov)
In the days leading up to the star's death, Murray claims he started giving him the sedatives Lorazepam and Midazolam instead of Propofol to help him sleep. (postchronicle.com)
Chernoff did not deny Murray had given Michael Valium, Lorazepam, Midazolam and Propofol on the morning the singer died. (postchronicle.com)
He also told detectives he was worried that Michael was forming an addiction to Propofol, and tried to wean him off of it by lowering the dose from 50 milligrams to 25 and adding other sedatives, lorazepam and midazolam. (okmagazine.com)
A University of Utah study shows for the first time that continuous infusion benzodiazepines - a class of sedatives that includes lorazepam and midazolam, once considered the standard of care in the ICU - are linked to an increased likelihood of death among patients who receive mechanical ventilation, when compared to the sedative propofol. (eurekalert.org)
They found that overall ICU mortality was 19.7 percent in propofol treated patients as compared to 28.8 percent in midazolam treated patients, and 19.3 percent for propofol compared to 25.2 percent for lorazepam treated patients. (eurekalert.org)
The study, reviewed in AJRCCM by Timothy Girard, M.D., and Benjamin Ferrell, M.D., of Vanderbilt University, notes that "theirs [Lonardo and colleagues] is the first study to also suggest that sedation with propofol rather than midazolam or lorazepam might reduce short-term mortality. (eurekalert.org)

Dr. Conrad Murray 's new lawyer claims he's the best of the best when it comes to cases involving Propofol and death -- and dude has the track record to prove it. (tmz.com)
During the involuntary manslaughter trial of Dr. Conrad Murray on Friday, anesthesiologist Dr. Paul White testified for the defense that it's most likely Michael Jackson self-administered the dose of propofol that killed him on June 25, 2009. (reuters.com)
Dr. Paul White said he believes after Michael Jackson was given a dose of propofol by Conrad Murray in the early morning hours of the day he died that the pop star took lorazepam pills on his own later that morning. (reuters.com)
Although a judge has yet to make the decision to officially pull Dr. Conrad Murray 's medical license, the Texas Medical Board has gone ahead and barred Michael Jackson 's former physician from administering heavy sedatives like Propofol to any patients. (okmagazine.com)
According to court records unsealed in Houston on Monday, Dr. Conrad Murray told police that he had been giving Jackson 50 milligrams of propofol each night for six weeks. (latimes.com)
Dr Conrad Murray bought the anaesthetic propofol from Applied Pharmacy Services on May 12 and administered doses from that purchase to Jackson in the hours before his June 25 death, the source said. (pravda.ru)
As RadarOnline.com previously reported , Dr. Conrad Murray's defense team commissioned a study on Beagle dogs to determine how much Propofol would have to be orally ingested to cause Michael Jackson's death. (radaronline.com)
What in the world was MJ doing with Propofol and why was Conrad Murray injecting him with that? (mjjcommunity.com)
Was MJ doing Propofol before Conrad Murray came into the scene? (mjjcommunity.com)

Eighty-seven adult patients undergoing hand surgery under brachial plexus block were randomly allocated to receive 1.6 μg/ml of the target effect site concentration of propofol (P group) and infusion of 0.4 μg/kg/h dexmedetomidine following a loading dose of 1.0 μg/kg for 10 min (D group). (medscape.com)
In patients with more severe soy or egg allergy, some experts recommend the use of an alternative anesthetic or a small trial dose of propofol prior to full dose administration (Sicherer 2020). (drugs.com)
Since propofol is given by a healthcare professional in a medical setting, you are not likely to miss a dose. (cigna.com)
The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of valproate on the required dose of propofol for sedation in patients with mental retardation. (clinicaltrials.gov)
However, it is very difficult to titrate the dose of propofol for maintaining the adequate sedation depth because of the difficulty of verbal communication with them. (clinicaltrials.gov)
Therefore, we divide the patients into two groups : patients receiving valproate (valproate group), patients receiving no antiepileptic drugs (control group), and compare the required dose of propofol and the recovery time. (clinicaltrials.gov)
some literature follows a propofol-lidocaine mixture infusion, again using low-dose lidocaine. (allnurses.com)
Electroconvulsive therapy pre-treatment with low dose propofol: comparison with unmodified treatment. (nih.gov)
Whilst unmodified ECT should never be used when modified ECT under anesthesia is available, we have found low dose propofol can be safely administered by the ECT psychiatrist to sedate patients pre-treatment who would otherwise receive completely unmodified treatment. (nih.gov)
Murray is accused of administering the fatal dose of propofol, a drug usually used in a surgical setting, then failing to properly monitor his superstar patient. (nbcbayarea.com)
Authorities contend Jackson died after Murray gave him a lethal dose of propofol and other sedatives in the bedroom then delayed calling 911 while he collected and bagged medications. (today.com)
The dose of propofol used depends on why the medication is being given. (medbroadcast.com)

Using charts, diagrams and no small number of visual props, White sought to shoot down Shafer's contention that Murray had given Jackson a 1,000-milliliter infusion of propofol. (reuters.com)
I was somewhat perplexed at how a determination has been made that Dr. Murray was infusing propofol,' White (pictured) said on Thursday. (reuters.com)
Among Shafer's conclusions was that Murray had used an IV to deliver propofol to Jackson, and when the singer stopped breathing during the IV drip, Murray failed to notice. (reuters.com)
Murray then gave Jackson 25 milligrams of propofol, according to the documents. (latimes.com)
Drug Enforcement Administration agents and police served a search warrant Tuesday and took evidence showing Murray legally bought the propofol from the store, said the official, who requested anonymity because the investigation is ongoing , The Associated Press reports. (pravda.ru)
Murray claims he had been treating the singer for insomnia for six weeks before he died, administering 50 milligrams of Propofol every night intravenously. (postchronicle.com)
At 10.40am an exhausted Murray claims he finally gave Michael Propofol, which finally put the star to sleep. (postchronicle.com)
Murray also told detectives he was not the first doctor to give Michael Propofol, but claims the singer refused to tell him which other physicians were treating him and what drugs they were prescribing. (postchronicle.com)
On the morning Michael passed away, Dr. Murray attempted to help him sleep without propofol, according to the affidavit. (okmagazine.com)
While Dr. Murray admitted to police that he administered the propofol, authorities could not find evidence that he had purchased, ordered or obtained the medication under his medical license or Drug Enforcement Administration tracking number. (okmagazine.com)
Police detectives did see around eight bottles of propofol in the house along with other vials and pills that had been prescribed to Michael by Dr. Murray, Dr. Arnold Klein and Dr. Allan Metzger. (okmagazine.com)
Dr. Murray also had propofol in his medical bag, and claimed he wasn't the first doctor to give it to Michael. (okmagazine.com)
On the morning Jackson died, Murray tried to induce sleep without using propofol, according to the affidavit. (latimes.com)
Murray administered 25 milligrams of propofol after Jackson repeatedly demanded the drug, according to the court records. (latimes.com)
Murray said he was present at a cosmetologist's office, where Adams used propofol to sedate Jackson. (latimes.com)
Murray has already acknowledged obtaining and administering propofol to Jackson the morning that the pop star died. (latimes.com)
During the trial's first week, a medical equipment executive said Murray lacked the proper monitoring equipment for the administration of propofol. (nbcbayarea.com)
Fleak was told to search the room after police detectives interviewed Murray and he disclosed that he gave the singer propofol injections and several other medications before the singer's death, court records state. (today.com)
Authorities have said in court documents they believe Murray was having shipments of propofol and other medications used by Jackson sent to Alvarez. (today.com)

ACTH and β-endorphin levels increased significantly during haemorrhage under propofol and pentobarbitone anaesthesia but not with alphaxalone-alphadolone. (ingentaconnect.com)
Dr John B Glen , the man who discovered and developed propofol, will provide information on the methods that are used to identify propofol as a useful agent, problems in obtaining a suitable formulation, and the development of equipment and techniques for maintenance of anaesthesia with propofol. (rsm.ac.uk)
Furthermore, propofol anaesthesia is advantageous in ultra rapid opiate detoxification (Kienbaum et al. (thefreelibrary.com)
Is intravenous, (directly into a vein), lidocaine injection effective in reducing the pain caused by the injection of propofol, given to induce anaesthesia in adults undergoing general anaesthesia? (cochrane.org)
Propofol is an anaesthetic drug (an induction agent) which is given to induce and maintain anaesthesia in adults undergoing surgery. (cochrane.org)

Propofol is also used to sedate individuals who are receiving mechanical ventilation but are not undergoing surgery, such as patients in the intensive care unit . (wikipedia.org)
Propofol , anesthetic drug used to induce and maintain general anesthesia and to sedate patients for certain medical procedures. (britannica.com)
They will sedate me with IV propofol, and the anesthesiologist stays in the room to monitor my breathing and heart rate. (healingwell.com)
Propofol is also used to sedate a patient who is under critical care and needs a mechanical ventilator (breathing machine). (cigna.com)
Reason for posting: Propofol - an anesthetic agent 1 - may cause life-threatening adverse events when used to sedate critically ill children. (cmaj.ca)
Researchers at Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis and Imperial College London have identified the site where the widely used anesthetic drug propofol binds to receptors in the brain to sedate patients during surgery. (painweek.org)

Dexmedetomidine administration significantly reduced the requirement for both propofol and remifentanil during anesthetic induction and reduced propofol use during maintenance of anesthesia. (lww.com)
A rapid, but short-acting, intravenous drug called propofol is preferentially used for the induction and maintenance of anesthesia. (medindia.net)
You do realise propofol is used for induction and maintenance of anesthesia? (drugs-forum.com)

The present study investigated the neural mechanisms underlying EEG spectral power changes observed during propofol-induced unconsciousness. (jneurosci.org)

The Los Angeles County coroner ruled Michael Jackson died of 'acute propofol intoxication,' and that sedatives were also a factor. (reuters.com)

A statement from the coroner's office said the cause of death was established as "acute propofol intoxication" aggravated by "acute benzodiazepine effect. (medpagetoday.com)
The Los Angeles County coroner ruled that the pop superstar died on June 25, 2009 from 'acute propofol intoxication. (cnn.com)

The drug: Propofol is a chemically distinct hypnotic agent administered intravenously for the induction and maintenance of general anesthesia or for sedation in both adults and children. (cmaj.ca)
Propofol is adiministered intravenously and has a comfortable side effect profile. (clinicaltrials.gov)
Propofol is given intravenously (through a vein) by an anesthetist (a doctor who specializes anesthesia). (medbroadcast.com)

Risks from the nonmedical use of Propofol were greatly exposed when the Los Angeles County coroner concluded in August 2009 that the King of Pop died from a mixture of Propofol-nicknamed "Milk of Amnesia"-and the benzodiazepine drug Lorazepam. (ocweekly.com)
But propofol appeared to have some advantages over standard sedation with a narcotic and a benzodiazepine, Cohen's group wrote. (medpagetoday.com)
Pop star Michael Jackson died from a mixture of propofol and the benzodiazepine drugs lorazepam on top of diazepam ingested earlier. (sciencephoto.com)

Michael Jackson had taken a lethal amount of the anesthetic propofol and Xanax , according to the toxicology report, the TMZ.com reported Friday. (ibtimes.com)
If Michael Jackson died from lethal levels of the powerful anesthetic propofol, then he must have been injected with much more of the drug than his personal physician reportedly told police he gave the pop star, medical experts said. (latimes.com)
The Los Angeles County coroner's report found the 'King of Pop' died of a cardiac arrest on June 25 caused by a cocktail of drugs - including lethal levels of the powerful anaesthetic Propofol - he had been administered to help him sleep. (postchronicle.com)
According to a L.A. County coroner search warrant affidavit unsealed today in Houston, officials found lethal levels of the powerful anesthetic propofol after examining Michael Jackson 's body, the L.A. Times is reporting . (okmagazine.com)
Michael Jackson died of 'lethal levels' of the powerful anesthetic propofol, according to a search warrant affidavit unsealed today in Houston. (latimes.com)

With subsequent reformulation of propofol into an oil-based emulsion , giving it a milky appearance, this challenge was overcome, and propofol gained widespread use as a key anesthetic agent. (britannica.com)
M. Hynynen, K. Korttila and T. Tammisto, "Pain on IV Injection of Propofol (ICI 35868) in Emulsion Formulation. (scirp.org)
Each mL of white, oil in water emulsion contains 10 mg propofol for IV administration. (medbroadcast.com)
Various measures have been taken to reduce the pain on injection, e.g. administration of lidocaine or fentanyl prior to propofol administration, mixture of lidocaine and propofol as well as cooling of the emulsion. (clinicaltrials.gov)
Hospira, Inc. has announced a nationwide recall of seven lots of Propofol Injectable Emulsion, USP, due to a glass defect located on the interior neck of the vial, which was identified during a sample inspection where the glass vial contained visible embedded metal particulate. (aaoms.org)

I'm scheduled to have an upper GI endoscopy next week, and the practice performing the procedure uses propofol for deep sedation administered venously by an anesthesiologist. (healingwell.com)
We employed a nonrandomized, prospective observational study that recruited patients with chronic headaches who received propofol from an outpatient endoscopy center for either upper or lower endoscopies. (hindawi.com)
Additionally, the patients' response to propofol two days after endoscopy was assessed via phone. (hindawi.com)
The gastroenterologists statement said the group conducted a systematic review and found more than 460,000 published endoscopy cases in which propofol was administered by a nonanesthesiologist -- typically a nurse. (medpagetoday.com)
We are a free standing Endoscopy Center and we also keep the propofol under lock and key as we do with all drugs in our facility. (outpatientsurgery.net)

Propofol is a short-acting, lipophilic intravenous general anesthetic. (drugs.com)
O. Eriksson, P. Pollesello and E. N. Saris, "Inhibition of Lipid Peroxidation in Isolated Rat Liver Mitochondria by the General Anesthetic Propofol," Biochemical Pharmacology, Vol. 44, No. 2, 1992, pp. 391-393. (scirp.org)
They allege that they became infected with hepatitis C because Teva only sold so-called 'jumbo' vials of the general anesthetic drug propofol to colonoscopy clinics. (lexisnexis.com)

This trial investigates the relationship between concentrations of the anesthetic drug propofol in exhaled breath and blood in patients undergoing general anesthesia for elective surgery. (clinicaltrials.gov)

A cardiologist testified last week that Murray's treatment of Jackson, especially the administration of the powerful anesthetic propofol, before the superstar's death deviated from general standards. (nbcbayarea.com)

However, complexity has been defined in many ways by multiple different fields: here, we investigate measures of algorithmic and process complexity in both the temporal and topological domains, testing them on functional MRI BOLD signal data obtained from individuals undergoing various levels of sedation with the anaesthetic agent propofol, replicating our results in two separate datasets. (nature.com)
Propofol infusion syndrome (PRIS) is a rare syndrome which affects patients undergoing long-term treatment with high doses of the anaesthetic and sedative drug propofol. (wikipedia.org)
Therefore, the effect of 3 common research-only anaesthetic agents (alphaxalone-alphadolone, propofol, and pentobarbitone) on ACTH and β-endorphin levels during haemorrhage was assessed in pigs. (ingentaconnect.com)
Propofol is an ultrashort acting, general intravenous anaesthetic (Barr 1995) with growing off-label usage, e.g. for treatment of refractory delirium tremens (McCowan & Marik 2000) or some types of refractory headache (Krusz, Scott & Belanger 2000). (thefreelibrary.com)
We read with interest the article by Clarke et al 1 and the accompanying editorial by Knoblanche, 2 and are concerned that they may be interpreted as endorsing the use of the anaesthetic agent propofol in sedation techniques by personnel inadequately trained in anaesthetic techniques. (mja.com.au)

The recorded primary endpoints included: the total amount of propofol administered during entire procedure, the supplemental amount of propofol after induction, and the frequencies of boluses of supplemental propofol. (medscape.com)
Propofol is a hypnotic drug commonly used for induction and maintenance of general anesthesia. (clinicaltrials.gov)
Propofol will be measured in breath gas continuously from the induction of anesthesia until recovery. (clinicaltrials.gov)
Pain on injection is a most frequently reported side effect associated with the use of propofol for induction of anesthesia. (clinicaltrials.gov)
Propofol is a popular induction agent because it provides a smooth induction and faster recovery than other drugs such as thiopental. (cochrane.org)
It has largely replaced sodium thiopental (Pentothal) for induction of anesthesia, because recovery from propofol is more rapid and clear when compared with thiopental. (sciencephoto.com)
The motivation for abuse of propofol is generally for its sedative and relaxing properties and induction of euphoric effects, according the DEA. (veterinarypracticenews.com)

[13] Propofol is relatively inexpensive compared to medications of similar use due to shorter ICU stay length. (wikipedia.org)
The medical experts said that if the propofol dosage were higher and combined with other medications, it could have led to an overdose. (latimes.com)
Due to the potential for rapid, profound changes in sedative/anesthetic depth and the lack of antagonist medications, agents such as propofol require special attention. (asahq.org)

To induce general anesthesia, propofol is the drug used nearly 100% of the time, [12] and for maintenance of general anesthesia (in some cases), having largely replaced sodium thiopental . (wikipedia.org)
The worldwide scorn directed at those closest to Michael Jackson in his final days may have extended to the drug Propofol and its Irvine-based maker, which announced it is laying off 200 employees this year after having already let go 70 workers. (ocweekly.com)
What to do: The propofol syndrome has occurred in critically ill children receiving the drug for sedation. (cmaj.ca)
In May 2010, Teva said it discontinued marketing propofol, saying the generic drug was not profitable. (lexisnexis.com)
Glen screened compounds from ICI's library in mice and came across propofol, which didn't accumulate in the body like other anesthetics did, allowing the drug to wear off quickly without causing lingering grogginess and other side effects. (xconomy.com)
PETA asserts that if attorneys from Flanagan, Unger, Grover & McCool did commission the tests for the drug propofol - the toxic effects of which have been extensively studied in dogs and humans - those tests were likely conducted in violation of the federal Animal Welfare Act's prohibition against tests on animals that duplicate previous experiments. (radaronline.com)
The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has officially moved propofol injections from the list of drugs currently in shortage to the list of resolved drug shortages. (asahq.org)
Some state nursing boards specifically exclude propofol administration by nurses, but trained nurses in those jurisdictions should still be able to monitor patients after the endoscopist starts the drug, Cohen said. (medpagetoday.com)
Propofol has been added to Schedule IV, which means that providers will be required to store the drugs securely, and keep detailed records of who accesses the drugs, as well as the administration and disposal of the drug. (outpatientsurgery.net)
Propofol should be administered only by people trained in giving general anesthesia, and who are not involved in the conduct of the surgery or diagnostic procedure, according to the The U.S. Food and Drug Administration. (cnn.com)
Propofol is a commonly used anesthetic drug for electroconvulsive therapy (ECT), as evidenced by the frequency with which its use is reported in ECT literature. (biomedsearch.com)
In the beginning of his daily propofol consumption he remembered a voluntary drug holiday lasting two weeks which was associated with mild anxiety, lack of concentration, increasing sleeplessness and a strong desire for propofol before relapsing. (thefreelibrary.com)
The vet would be asked to give a pig Propofol, in hopes of proving that the powerful anesthetic drug that felled MJ can be ingested, not just injected. (thehollywoodgossip.com)
Propofol is the same sedative that is at the center of the manslaughter trial of pop star Michael Jackson, who allegedly was administered the drug shortly before his death. (reuters.com)
Teva Pharmaceutical Industries ($TEVA) failed to persuade a Nevada jury its propofol drug wasn't responsible for a 2008 hepatitis C outbreak. (fiercepharma.com)
The AVMA has contacted the DEA regarding the placement of propofol under the Schedule IV drug class. (veterinarypracticenews.com)
The American Veterinary Medical Association reported today that it sent a letter to the Drug Enforcement Agency offering guidance on the DEA's proposal of designating propofol as a Schedule IV drug under the Controlled Substances Act. (veterinarypracticenews.com)
While we understand the importance of controlling the use of any drug with high abuse potential, we also have concerns that adding propofol as a Schedule IV controlled substance may result in decreased use of this important anesthetic by some veterinarians because of the burdens associated with registration, record keeping and, especially, waste disposal in accordance with DEA rules," Ron DeHaven, DVM, CEO of the AVMA, said in the letter. (veterinarypracticenews.com)
According to the DEA, the current abuse profiles of propofol indicate that it is abused by medical professionals since they have access to the drug in medical facilities which perform anesthesia. (veterinarypracticenews.com)
Propofol may go down in history as being the drug that killed Michael Jackson, but it is also devastating the lives of other, ordinary people. (recoveryranch.com)
Propofol is not currently a controlled substance, but the Drug Enforcement Administration has proposed that it be added to the list as a schedule IV substance. (recoveryranch.com)
As with any drug, abusing Propofol carries some serious risks. (recoveryranch.com)
Propofol addiction is also a possible risk when someone abuses the drug. (recoveryranch.com)
Abusing any drug is risky and serious, but Propofol has a higher overdose rate than many other prescription drugs. (recoveryranch.com)
Propofol is an anesthetic drug that's administered to patients undergoing surgery and other medical procedures because the medication promotes sedation, sleep and loss of consciousness. (addictionsearch.com)

In critically ill patients, propofol is superior to lorazepam both in effectiveness and overall cost. (wikipedia.org)
Propofol for implantable cardioverter defibrillator implantation in patients with Brugada syndrome. (springer.com)
Based on the Society for Ambulatory Anesthesia Guidelines for the Management of Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting, propofol is effective and may be considered for postoperative nausea and vomiting rescue therapy in patients still in the post anesthesia care unit [SAA [Gan 2014]] . (drugs.com)
This study aimed to test the hypothesis that the addition of intravenous lidocaine to propofol-based sedation could decrease the overall propofol requirement in elderly patients during colonoscopy while the procedural sedation satisfaction and the hemodynamic stability were not compromised. (medscape.com)
Ninety-two patients undergoing colonoscopy were randomly enrolled into lidocaine+propofol (L + P) group or normal saline+propofol (NS + P) groups. (medscape.com)
Anesthesia was induced with 2.5 μg sufentanil followed by injection of 1.2 mg kg − 1 propofol in all patients. (medscape.com)
The primary aim of this prospective randomized study was to evaluate whether capnographic monitoring without tracheal intubation reduces hypoxemia during propofol-based sedation in patients undergoing colonoscopy. (nih.gov)
In patients undergoing colonoscopy during propofol-based sedation capnography monitoring with a simple and inexpensive device reduced the incidence of hypoxemia. (nih.gov)
The company previously halted production and recalled some Propofol in 2009 after 41 patients fell ill with flu-like symptoms. (ocweekly.com)
The intravenous sedation with propofol is very useful for patients with mental retardation and challenging behavior. (clinicaltrials.gov)
Subsequently termed "propofol syndrome," sporadic cases were described in the literature, including a report in 1998 of 18 critically ill pediatric patients who experienced bradycardia, asystole, severe metabolic acidosis, lipemia, hepatomegaly and rhabdomyolysis. (cmaj.ca)
They allege that when propofol was used for multiple patients, the vials became contaminated if one of the first patients was infected with the hepatitis C virus. (lexisnexis.com)
Patients recover fast after propofol anesthesia and are less likely to suffer from post-operative nausea and vomiting compared to general anesthesia with inhalational anesthetics. (clinicaltrials.gov)
However, titration of propofol can be challenging and patients may suffer from over- or underdosing during propofol anesthesia. (clinicaltrials.gov)
Yet, it is unclear how propofol concentrations vary among patients. (clinicaltrials.gov)
Patients will receive intravenous anesthesia with propofol. (clinicaltrials.gov)
Even if moderate sedation is intended, patients receiving propofol should receive care consistent with that required for deep sedation . (asahq.org)
However, when this is not possible, non-anesthesia personnel who administer propofol should be qualified to rescue* patients whose level of sedation becomes deeper than initially intended and who enter, if briefly, a state of general anesthesia. (asahq.org)
During the administration of propofol, patients should be monitored without interruption to assess level of consciousness, and to identify early signs of hypotension, bradycardia, apnea, airway obstruction and/or oxygen desaturation. (asahq.org)
There are different considerations when propofol is used for sedation of intubated, ventilated patients in a critical care setting. (asahq.org)
Intravenous propofol was prescribed (10 mg every 5 min) for eight patients with intractable migraine headaches visiting the Emergency Department. (nih.gov)
This study found that within the data from the 104 intensive care units analyzed, there were nearly three times as many patients treated with propofol as compared to benzodiazepines. (eurekalert.org)
Forty-nine patients received propofol pre-treatment and 50 patients received unmodified treatment as usual. (nih.gov)
Propofol patients were less likely to experience post-ictal delirium monitored by the CAM-ICU (p = 0.015) and had fewer cognitive side-effects on the MMSE (p = 0.004). (nih.gov)
Explain to interested patients that propofol administration by a nonanesthesiologist for sedation during GI procedures represents an off-label use. (medpagetoday.com)
Reuters) - A Nevada jury ordered a Teva Pharmaceutical Industries Ltd unit and two other healthcare companies to pay $162.5 million in punitive damages to a group of colonoscopy patients who claimed they contracted Hepatitis C from vials of the sedative Propofol, Bloomberg reported on Monday. (reuters.com)
The patients accused Teva the world's largest maker of generic drugs, Baxter Healthcare Corp and McKesson Corp of selling Propofol in vials large enough to be reused by doctors. (reuters.com)
Based on these results we would expect that out of 1000 patients receiving intravenous propofol, about 384 who did not also receive intravenous lidocaine, would experience moderate to severe pain, compared to only 89 patients who also received intravenous lidocaine. (cochrane.org)
Sevoflurane showed similar effects in postoperative neurocognitive function as propofol but could improve cerebral oxygenation in patients with impaired cerebral oxygenation. (dovepress.com)

The DEA issued the proposal in late October based on reports it received concerning the increased abuse of propofol and that the abuse potential is comparable to other Schedule IV substances. (veterinarypracticenews.com)

Shafer wrote guidelines and warnings that are included with every bottle of propofol. (nbcbayarea.com)
A judge didn't allow the investigator to answer that question, but Fleak did say several of the items, including a used bottle of propofol and syringe, were within two feet of the bed. (today.com)

The objective of this review was to determine how effective lidocaine was in reducing the high pain levels caused by the injection of propofol. (cochrane.org)
We found that the injection of lidocaine into a vein, either mixing lidocaine with propofol or injecting lidocaine before propofol, could effectively reduce the incidence and the high levels of pain associated with the injection of propofol. (cochrane.org)

Dr. Scott Engwall, vice chair of anesthesiology at UC Irvine's School of Medicine, said that for an average person without a high tolerance to drugs, 50 milligrams of propofol might be enough to make him or her doze off for five or 10 minutes. (latimes.com)
He had been giving Jackson 50 milligrams of propofol every night using an intravenous line, according to the court records. (okmagazine.com)
Finally at 10:40 a.m., he gave Michael 25 milligrams of propofol after MJ repeatedly demanded it, according to the court records. (okmagazine.com)

The experimental findings indicate that propofol inhibits the inflammatory and immune responses, decreases the expression of nuclear factor kappa B, and reduces apoptosis. (medindia.net)
Results indicate that propofol is indeed robustly associated with shorter seizures than other anesthetics but that antidepressant efficacy does not seem to be compromised. (biomedsearch.com)

[3] Other serious side effects may include seizures , infections due to improper use, addiction , and propofol infusion syndrome with long-term use. (wikipedia.org)
Wolf A, Weir P, Segar P, Stone J, Shield J. Impaired fatty acid oxidation in propofol infusion syndrome. (cmaj.ca)

7 The 2002 Compendium of Pharmaceuticals and Specialties states that propofol is indicated for anesthesia in children 3 years of age and older but that it is not recommended for sedation in children under the age of 18 years, either during surgical or diagnostic procedures or in the ICU. (cmaj.ca)
To compare the effects of intravenous infusion of ketamine and propofol anesthesia in children undergoing strabismus surgery. (dovepress.com)

M. H. Lebenbom-Mansour, S. K. Pandit and S. P. Kothary, "Desflurane versus Propofol Anesthesia: A Comparative Analysis in Outpatients," Anesthesia and Analgesia, Vol. 76, 1993, pp. 936-94. (scirp.org)

The addition of intravenous lidocaine to propofol-based sedation resulted in a remarked reduction of supplemental propofol in the elderly during colonoscopy. (medscape.com)
One method for preventing propofol-induced pain is to give lidocaine either before the propofol injection or mixed in with the propofol. (cochrane.org)
The study participants were randomly selected to receive either intravenous lidocaine injection or normal saline (placebo) at the same time as the propofol injection. (cochrane.org)
The overall quality of evidence was high with a very large beneficial effect obtained by the administration of lidocaine to reduce painful propofol injections. (cochrane.org)
Currently available data from RCTs are sufficient to confirm that both lidocaine admixture and pretreatment were effective in reducing pain on propofol injection. (cochrane.org)
Intravenous lidocaine injection has been commonly used to attenuate pain on propofol injection. (cochrane.org)
The objective of this review was to determine the efficacy and adverse effects of lidocaine in preventing high-intensity pain on propofol injection. (cochrane.org)
We included randomized controlled trials (RCTs) using intravenous lidocaine injection as an intervention to decrease pain on propofol injection in adults. (cochrane.org)

At lower doses, propofol acts as a conscious sedative (or procedural sedative), inducing a semiconscious state. (britannica.com)
Smaller doses of Propofol can also be used to put a patient into a state of conscious sedation for outpatient procedures. (recoveryranch.com)
Although Propofol can knock you out, small doses are reported to make the user feel euphoric, drunk or high. (recoveryranch.com)

Propofol is used to induce and maintain sleep as part of anesthesia during surgery for adults and children 3 years of age and older. (medbroadcast.com)

The plaintiffs argued vials of propofol were too large and encouraged repeated use in more than one patient. (fiercepharma.com)

This overall complexity was also able to discriminate between levels of sedation and serum concentrations of propofol, supporting the hypothesis that consciousness is related to complexity - independent of how the latter is measured. (nature.com)
H. Chang, S. Y. Tsai and T. L. Chen, "Therapeutic Concentrations of Propofol Protects Mouse Macrophages from Nitric Oxide-Induced Cell Death and Apoptosis," Canadian Journal of Anesthesia, Vol. 49, No. 5, 2002, pp. 477-480. (scirp.org)
Monitoring of propofol concentrations in breath gas during anesthesia may help to titrate propofol anesthesia more effectively. (clinicaltrials.gov)
Blood samples will be drawn from the start of anesthesia up to 24 h after the end of the anesthesia procedure and assayed for propofol blood concentrations. (clinicaltrials.gov)
We will built a pharmacokinetic model from breath and blood measurements in order to describe the variability of propofol breath concentrations among study participants. (clinicaltrials.gov)
Propofol concentrations in breath gas will be assessed every 500 ms during the anesthesia procedure. (clinicaltrials.gov)

Before you receive propofol, tell your doctor about all your medical conditions and allergies. (cigna.com)
What should I discuss with my health care provider before I receive propofol? (cigna.com)
You should not receive propofol if you are allergic to it. (cigna.com)
Please note the woman on the table is a model, not an actual patient and does not actually receive propofol. (nbclosangeles.com)
If you miss an appointment to receive propofol, contact your doctor as soon as possible to reschedule your appointment. (medbroadcast.com)

We evaluated whether administration of intravenous propofol 0.5 mg/kg for sedation by the ECT psychiatrist just prior to otherwise unmodified treatment improved acceptance of and reduced anxiety surrounding the treatment. (nih.gov)

What other drugs will affect propofol? (cigna.com)
Other drugs may interact with propofol, including prescription and over-the-counter medicines, vitamins, and herbal products. (cigna.com)
What other ways can you think of to help MJ get a good night sleep beside drugs and propofol? (mjjcommunity.com)
ANYTHING is better than propofol and other psychotic drugs. (mjjcommunity.com)

Capnographic monitoring of propofol-based sedation during colonoscopy. (nih.gov)

Propofol has been called milk of amnesia , because it has a milk appearance of its intravenous preparation. (sciencephoto.com)

The records note an 'inconsistent' log of the Propofol dosage. (dailymail.co.uk)

So it seems, according to the autopsy report, propofol did kill Michael Jackson. (drfunkenberry.com)

The investigators study hypothesis was that propofol might modify the Apo A-I blood levels, and thus, modulate the postoperative inflammatory course. (clinicaltrials.gov)
Study hypothesis: The use of a modified propofol preparation will reduce the incidence of injection pain in the study group. (clinicaltrials.gov)

it seems to be quite an invasive procedure just for propofol. (allnurses.com)
Another rejection I just recieved this morning was the propofol was inclusive with another procedure same day? (aapc.com)
Staff at the New York clinic where Joan Rivers suffered a heart attack during a routine throat procedure failed to weigh her before sedating her with Propofol - the anesthetic that killed Michael Jackson - a damning new report reveals. (dailymail.co.uk)
50%) or cerebral blood flow/cerebral metabolic rate of oxygen ([CBF/CMRO 2 ] ≤15%) undergoing elective abdominal surgery were randomly allocated into propofol group (group P) or sevoflurane group (group S). The clinical parameters and jugular venous bulb blood gas analysis were monitored throughout the surgical procedure. (dovepress.com)

Propofol injection [product monograph]. (cmaj.ca)

Effective Aug 27, 2012-Propofol added to Controlled Substances list in Alabama by the Alabama State Committee of Public Health. (outpatientsurgery.net)

Results of biochemical analyses throughout the clinical course of a pediatric patient who experienced propofol syndrome and recovered after hemodialysis suggest that impaired fatty acid oxidation at the level of the mitochondria may be responsible for this syndrome. (cmaj.ca)
M. Hamd, "The Clinical Pharmacology of Propofol:A Brief Review," Open Journal of Anesthesiology , Vol. 3 No. 8, 2013, pp. 367-373. (scirp.org)
Study subjects will undergo general anesthesia with propofol according to the clinical standard protocol practiced at the hospital of the University of Munich. (clinicaltrials.gov)
John (Iain) Glen was awarded the Lasker-DeBakey Clinical Medical Research Award for the discovery of propofol, a powerful and fast-acting anesthetic that is the standard intravenous anesthetic used in the U.S. and around the world. (xconomy.com)
Dr John B Glen recommended propofol for clinical development in 1973 but challenges in obtaining a satisfactory formulation delayed its clinical availability until 1986. (rsm.ac.uk)

The sedative effects set in and wear off quickly, making propofol an effective agent for inducing mild sedation in outpatient surgeries. (britannica.com)
Propofol is particularly dangerous in this way because its sedative effects set in so quickly. (recoveryranch.com)

Although propofol and dexmedetomidine have been widely used for monitored anesthesia care, their adverse effects necessitate the search for better methods. (medscape.com)

Propofol is also used for procedural sedation. (wikipedia.org)
Vardi A, Salem Y, Padeh S, Paret G, Barzilay Z. Is propofol safe for procedural sedation in children? (cmaj.ca)

Herein, the author reviews the extensive literature for propofol in ECT, focusing on 5 outcome measures: seizure duration, hemodynamics, postanesthesia recovery, cognitive adverse effects, and therapeutic efficacy. (biomedsearch.com)

All children developed lipaemic serum after starting propofol. (bmj.com)

Propofol provides a prominent sedation effect in colonoscopy. (medscape.com)

Organisms1

Diseases1

Chemicals and Drugs23

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment16

Psychiatry and Psychology2

Phenomena and Processes1

Anthropology, Education, Sociology and Social Phenomena2

Technology, Industry, Agriculture1

Humanities1

Information Science4

Named Groups1

Health Care4

Geographicals2

Binding of propofol to blood components: implications for pharmacokinetics and for pharmacodynamics. (1/1774)

Mechanisms of bronchoprotection by anesthetic induction agents: propofol versus ketamine. (2/1774)

Propofol concentrations in follicular fluid during general anaesthesia for transvaginal oocyte retrieval. (3/1774)

Mode of action of ICS 205,930, a novel type of potentiator of responses to glycine in rat spinal neurones. (4/1774)

Effects of inhaled oxygen concentration on fat metabolism during propofol infusion in rabbits. (5/1774)

Thiopental and propofol impair relaxation produced by ATP-sensitive potassium channel openers in the rat aorta. (6/1774)

Effect of remifentanil on the auditory evoked response and haemodynamic changes after intubation and surgical incision. (7/1774)

Postsurgical Candida albicans infections associated with an extrinsically contaminated intravenous anesthetic agent. (8/1774)

Propofol

Anesthetics, Intravenous

Hypnotics and Sedatives

Conscious Sedation

Anesthetics, Combined

Anesthesia Recovery Period

Thiopental

Anesthetics, Inhalation

Methyl Ethers

Alfentanil

Anesthesia, General

Deep Sedation

Monitoring, Intraoperative

Midazolam

Etomidate

Methohexital

Fentanyl

Consciousness Monitors

Anesthetics, General

Electroencephalography

Anesthetics

Anesthesia

Isoflurane

Nitrous Oxide

Consciousness

Piperidines

Dose-Response Relationship, Drug

Infusions, Intravenous

Ketamine

Anesthetics, Dissociative

Unconsciousness

Adjuvants, Anesthesia

Emulsions

Infusion Pumps

Ambulatory Surgical Procedures

Preanesthetic Medication

Anesthesia, Inhalation

Intubation, Intratracheal

New York

Falconiformes

New York City

Periodicals as Topic

Advertising as Topic

Calcium Channels

Receptors, GABA-A

Patch-Clamp Techniques

Famous Persons

Internet

Developing Countries

Software

Medication Errors

Waiting Lists

Medication Adherence

Developed Countries

Binding of propofol to blood components: implications for pharmacokinetics and for pharmacodynamics. (1/1774)

Mechanisms of bronchoprotection by anesthetic induction agents: propofol versus ketamine. (2/1774)

Propofol concentrations in follicular fluid during general anaesthesia for transvaginal oocyte retrieval. (3/1774)

Mode of action of ICS 205,930, a novel type of potentiator of responses to glycine in rat spinal neurones. (4/1774)

Effects of inhaled oxygen concentration on fat metabolism during propofol infusion in rabbits. (5/1774)

Thiopental and propofol impair relaxation produced by ATP-sensitive potassium channel openers in the rat aorta. (6/1774)

Effect of remifentanil on the auditory evoked response and haemodynamic changes after intubation and surgical incision. (7/1774)

Postsurgical Candida albicans infections associated with an extrinsically contaminated intravenous anesthetic agent. (8/1774)

Possible pathogenic mechanism of propofol infusion syndrome involves coenzyme Q - Institutional Repository University of Antwerp

My Emergency Medicine (capriles-urgencias.com): Propofol Infusion Syndrome (PRIS)

Effects of propofol sedation on seizures and intracranially recorded epileptiform activity in patients with partial epilepsy<...

In vivo study of hepatic oxidative stress and mitochondrial function in rabbits with severe hypotension after propofol...

Propofol protects against hydrogen peroxide-induced injury in cardiac H9c2 cells via Akt activation and Bcl-2 up-regulation |...

The Utility of Bispectral Index for Titration of Propofol Dosages and Recovery from Anaesthesia - BiblioMed.org - Deposit for...

The effect of premedication with Intravenous Lornoxicam on Propofol in by Dennis Omari Onyancha

Effects of propofol on nociceptive response and power spectra of electroencephalographic and systemic arterial pressure signals...

Anesthetic propofol reduces endotoxic inflammation by inhibiting reactive oxygen species-regulated Akt/IKKβ/NF-κB signaling<...

Comparison of the effects of bispectral index-controlled use of remifentanil on propofol consumption and patient comfort in...

Induction dose of propofol for pediatric patients undergoing procedural sedation in the emergency department<...

Allometric or lean body mass scaling of propofol pharmacokinetics: Towards simplifying parameter sets for target-controlled...

John Libbey Eurotext - Epileptic Disorders - Propofol withdrawal seizures: non-epileptic nature of seizures in a patient with...

Narcotrend monitoring allows faster emergence and a reduction of drug consumption in propofol-remifentanil anesthesia | Read by...

A comparison of three different target-controlled remifentanil infusion rates during target-controlled propofol infusion for...

Propofol versus Propofol/Remifentanil for Deep Sedation in Prolonged Mechanically Ventilated Rabbits: Dose Requirements and...

Neonatal Propofol Anesthesia Changes Expression of Synaptic Plasticity Proteins and Increases Stereotypic and Anxyolitic...

Sevoflurane and Propofol Anesthesia in Dogs with Chronic Renal Failure: Renal Functions Evaluation - WSAVA 2003 Congress - VIN