Helicteres isora

Maida flour

Dihydroxymalonic acid

Mesoxalic acid

Alloxan

Glucose-6-phosphate translocase

Murexide

Stevia

ACO2

Pleurotus pulmonarius

Norbu (sweetener)

Stevia rebaudiana

Diethyl oxomalonate

Taurine

Rouge (cosmetics)

Taurine

Vitamin E

List of MeSH codes (D03)

Monohydrate10

• Diabetes was induced in rats by administration of alloxan monohydrate. (hindawi.com)
• Two groups were rendered diabetic using alloxan monohydrate injection. (scialert.net)
• Buy Alloxan monohydrate (CAS ), a water soluble pyrimidine derivative & glucose analog. (ipicture.mobi)
• Join researchers using high quality Alloxan monohydrate. (ipicture.mobi)
• A single injection of alloxan monohydrate (120 mg/kg, i.p.) prepared in normal saline was administered to produce diabetes in rats, after overnight fasting. (biomedcentral.com)
• H is flushed with nitrogen (Note 2) admitted at E . To the water is added 16.0 g. (0.1 mole) of alloxan monohydrate (Note 3) , and the mixture is stirred by the flow of nitrogen through E until the alloxan monohydrate has dissolved. (orgsyn.org)
• To this water is added alloxan monohydrate (16.0 g. (orgsyn.org)
• 3. Alloxan monohydrate from Eastman Kodak Company is satisfactory. (orgsyn.org)
• The sample employed assayed 99-100% alloxan monohydrate (p. 23) by Tipson and Cretcher's method. (orgsyn.org)
• Materials and methods: Alloxan monohydrate is used to induce diabetes mellitus in Wistar rats. (jprsolutions.info)

Single injection of alloxan2

• Diabetes was induced by a single injection of alloxan (120 mg/kg). (ac.ir)
• Insulin secretion was examined before and after an ∼60% decrease in β-cell mass achieved by a single injection of alloxan in a porcine model. (diabetesjournals.org)

Induce diabetes in rats3

• Antidepressant-like effects of Brassica juncea L. We used alloxan to induce diabetes in rats and rabbits for screening the antidiabetic activity of test compounds. (ipicture.mobi)
• Alloxan has been used in lab tests to deliberately induce diabetes in rats. (blogspot.com)
• In the lab, researchers use alloxan to induce diabetes in rats. (blogspot.com)

Evaluated in alloxan-induced1

• In this study, the antidiabetic and antihyperlipidemic potential of S. lehmbachii ethanol stem bark extract was evaluated in alloxan-induced diabetic rats at a dose of 100 mg/kg, 200 mg/kg, and 400 mg/kg p.o. daily for 21 days. (degruyter.com)

Rabbits8

• The alloxan model of diabetes was first described in rabbits by Dunn, Sheehan and McLetchie in 1943. (wikipedia.org)
• The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of supplementation with anhydrous milk fat, ghee (FS) and season (summer vs winter) on blood metabolites and Body Weight (BW) in alloxan-diabetic and non-diabetic rabbits. (scialert.net)
• reported that alloxan-diabetic rabbits developed hypercholesterolaemia and hypertriglyceridaemia in response to cholesterol feeding. (scialert.net)
• Effect of rate of injection of alloxan on development of diabetes in rabbits. (ipicture.mobi)
• In the present investigation, the leaf juice of C. roseus has been evaluated for its hypoglycemic activity in normal and alloxan-induced diabetic rabbits. (biomedcentral.com)
• The blood glucose lowering activity of the leaf juice was studied in normal and alloxan-induced (100 mg/kg, i.v.) diabetic rabbits, after oral administration at doses of 0.5, 0.75 and 1.0 ml/kg body weight. (biomedcentral.com)
• 11. Nwozo S, Adaramoye O, Ajaiyeoba E. Oral administration of extract from curcuma longa lowers blood glucose and attenuates alloxan-induced hyperlipidemia in diabetic rabbits. (ayu.nl)
• Hypoglycaemic activity of dioscoretine from the tubers of Dioscorea dumetorum in normal and alloxan diabetic rabbits. (ojibwatea.com)

Antidiabetic8

• Further, we investigated the antidiabetic effects of SD's of gliclazide in alloxan induced diabetic rats. (scirp.org)
• Many plant products have been used locally to bring about beneficial antidiabetic effects but most have not been screened to know the bioactive components that may be responsible for these effects. (scribd.com)
• The World Health Organization recommended the natural products to be possible source for antidiabetic compounds. (scirp.org)
• Oral administration of ethanolic extract at a dose of 400 mg/kg showed hypoglycemic and antidiabetic activities in alloxan induced diabetic mice. (scirp.org)
• The hydroethanolic extract of the leaves of Madhuca longifolia was administered orally to alloxan-induced diabetic rats and investigated for its antidiabetic properties. (ispub.com)
• Anigboro, A. A, Avwioroko, O. J., Ohwokevwo, O. A., Nzor, J. N. Phytochemical constituents, antidiabetic and ameliorative effects of Polyalthia longifiola leaf extract against alterations in hepatic and renal functions in alloxan-induced diabetic rats. (ijbse.org)
• High protein product of Trichoderma harzianum fungus was tested as an antidiabetic protein. (who.int)
• The aim of this study was to investigate the antidiabetic, antihyperlipidemic and antioxidant activities of fenugreek in alloxan induced diabetic rats. (jnsciences.org)

Extract13

• The present study aimed to evaluate the protective effect of the ethanol leaves extract of C. scolymus in alloxan induced stress oxidant, hepatic-kidney dysfunction and histological changes in liver, kidney and pancreas of different experimental groups of rats. (biomedcentral.com)
• Groups 2 - 5 were made diabetic using alloxan (150 mg/kg b.w in distil H 2 O). Except for groups 1 and 2, animals were gavaged at doses of 500 mg/kg b.w for the single dose of extract and 250 mg/kg for the combine extract treatment. (scirp.org)
• Anti-diabetic effect of ethanolic and methanolic extracts of Centella asiatica leaves extract on alloxan induced diabetic rats. (springer.com)
• In alloxan-induced diabetic mice, the oral administration of a methanol extract (500 mg per kg bw) attenuated the elevated levels of serum alanine aminotransferase (ALA), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), and alkaline phosphatase activities, and urea, uric acid, and creatinine. (rsc.org)
• This study investigated the effect of the ethanolic extract of Chrysophyllum albidum stem bark (EECA) on alloxan-induced diabetic rats. (notulaebiologicae.ro)
• The present study was carried out to investigate the effectiveness of three plant parts methanol extracts (orange peel extract, OPE, red onion skin powder, ROSE, and prickly pear extract, PPE) mixed with beef meatballs in modulating hyperglycemia using alloxan induced diabetic rats model. (sciencepublishinggroup.com)
• To better understand the mechanisms associated with potential protective effect of P. oleracea extract against diabetes, alloxan-induced diabetic rats were used in this study. (biomedcentral.com)
• gavaged with P. oleracea extract daily [at 250 mg/kg] for 4 weeks and then daily IP injection of alloxan [at 75 mg/kg] for 5 days). (biomedcentral.com)
• Akpovwehwee Akporhuarho Anigboro, Oghenetega Jonathan Avwioroko, Nyerhovwo John Tonukari, Brillantasia patula Aqueous Leaf Extract Averts Hyperglycermia, Lipid Peroxidation, and Alterations in Hematological Parameters in Alloxan-Induced Diabetic Rats, International Journal of Biomedical Science and Engineering . (ijbse.org)
• Adoum, O. A., Micheal, B. O., Mohammad, I. S. Phytochemicals and hypoglycaemic effect of methanol stem-bark extract of Ficus sycomorus Linn (Moraceae) on alloxan induced diabetic Wistar albino rats. (ijbse.org)
• The study evaluated the ameliorative effects of Helianthus annuus leaf extract on nephrotoxicity, cardiac, and haematologic disorders in alloxan-induced hyperglycaemic rats. (sciendo.com)
• The extract and glibenclamide also ameliorated haematological disorders and kidney and cardiac damage induced by alloxan. (sciendo.com)
• The present study was designed to evaluate the ameliorative effects of hydromethanol leaf extract of H. annuus on nephrotoxicity, cardiac and haematologic disorders induced by alloxan in rats. (sciendo.com)

Albino4

• The anti-diabetic and biochemical effects of both the water and ethanol extracts of Persea americana (avocado pear) seed on alloxan-induced diabetic albino rats were investigated. (who.int)
• The effects of different doses (200 mg/bw, and 300/bw) of both water and methanol extracts of P. americana seed on alloxan-induced diabetic albino rats were compared with those of a reference drug, insulin. (who.int)
• 0.05) and reversed the increased liver function parameters that occurred in alloxan-induced albino diabetic untreated rats, comparable to the effects of insulin. (who.int)
• Diabetes was confirmed after 3 days of single subcutaneous injection of alloxan (120 mg/kg) in albino Wistar rats. (jnsciences.org)

Injection2

• Forty male Wistar rats were induced to diabetes with a single dose intraperitoneal injection (i.p.) of alloxan (150 mg/kg body weight (b.w. (biomedcentral.com)
• Diabetes mellitus (DM) was induced in mice by injection of alloxan through the caudal vein. (saladgaffe.ga)

Blood Glucose4

• arakta was investigated for its effect on blood glucose level in normal and alloxan induced diabetic rats. (rjptonline.org)
• IMSEAR at SEARO: Effect of Peanut (Arachis Hypogaea L.) On Fasting Blood Glucose And Hba1c in Alloxan Induced Diabetic Male Rats. (who.int)
• It caused decrease in blood glucose level of alloxan diabetic rats from 170. (who.int)
• The increase of fungal product to 400 mg decreased blood glucose level below 187. (who.int)

Shown that alloxan2

• Most studies have shown that alloxan is not toxic to the human beta-cell, even in very high doses, probably because of differing glucose uptake mechanisms in humans and rodents. (wikipedia.org)
• It's been shown that alloxan is a byproduct of the flour bleaching process, the process they use to make flour look so "clean" and - well, white. (healthiertalk.com)

Dialuric acid4

• Alloxan, in the presence of intracellular thiols, generates reactive oxygen species (ROS) in a cyclic reaction with its reduction product, dialuric acid. (wikipedia.org)
• Alloxan and the product of its reduction, dialuric acid, establish a redox cycle with the formation of superoxide radicals. (omicsonline.org)
• organic chemistry) A hemiacetal formed by alloxan with its reduced reaction product dialuric acid. (yourdictionary.com)
• C ALLOXANTIN $ H 4 N 4 0 7.3H 2 0, a product obtained by the combination of alloxan and dialuric acid, probably possessing the constitution NH - CO CO - NH O - O - H NH - C CO - NH one of the three molecules of water being possibly constitutional. (yourdictionary.com)

Hyperglycemia2

• The fact that there was no significant positive hyperglycemia (high blood sugar) reduction is due to the nature of what Alloxan induces - Type 1 diabetes. (coconutoil.com)
• Rats with marked hyperglycemia were selected after a fortnight by administering alloxan (150 mg/kg) intraperitoneally. (ispub.com)

Diabetic mice1

• This study was aimed at investigating the chemical composition (proximate, minerals, fatty acids and phenolic compounds) and the in vitro (antimicrobial, radical scavenging, anti-acetylcholinesterase and protein denaturing activities) and in vivo (anti-diabetic and histo-protective effects in alloxan-induced diabetic mice) biological activities of broad bean pods (BBPs), a food waste by-product material. (rsc.org)

Linn1

• 12. Halim EM, Hussain A. Hypoglycemic, hypolipidemic and antioxidant properties of combination of Curcumin from Curcuma Longa, Linn, and partially purified product from Abroma Augusta, Linn. (ayu.nl)

Hypoglycemic3

• Kameswara RB, Renuka SP, Rajasekhar MD, Nagaraju N, Appa Rao CH. Hypoglycemic activity of Terminalia pallida fruit in alloxan induced diabetic rats. (degruyter.com)
• Hypoglycemic activity of different fractions of Chrysophyllum albidum root bark in normal and alloxan diabetic rats. (notulaebiologicae.ro)
• Our study determined the content of DNJ and other biological active compounds in mulberry seeds and its hypoglycemic effect, which could provide reference to developing hypoglycemic products from mulberry seeds. (alliedacademies.org)

Streptozotocin3

• The mechanism of alloxan and streptozotocin action in B cells of the rat pancreas. (omicsonline.org)
• Abstract Alloxan and streptozotocin are widely used to induce experimental diabetes in animals. (omicsonline.org)
• The cytotoxic action of both these diabetogenic agents is mediated by reactive oxygen species, however, the source of their generation is different in the case of alloxan and streptozotocin. (omicsonline.org)

Hydrate1

• Alloxan, sometimes referred to as alloxan hydrate, refers to the organic compound with the formula OC(N(H)CO)2C(OH)2. (wikipedia.org)

Sigma Chemical Company1

• Glibenclamide was provided as a generous gift sample by Hoechst Pharmaceuticals, Mumbai, while alloxan (Sigma Chemical Company, USA) was a generous gift sample from Dr. Reddy's Laboratories, Hyderabad. (biomedcentral.com)

Liver4

• Alloxan is, however, toxic to the liver and the kidneys in high doses. (wikipedia.org)
• The purpose of the present work was to investigate the activity of lipid peroxidation processes in the liver of rats with silica-induced granulomatous inflammation, alloxan diabetes and their combination. (scirp.org)
• LPP activity in liver homogenates was determined by the relative concentration of lipoperoxides in the heptane-isopropanol system and the concentration of products of the reaction with 2-thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS). (scirp.org)
• We conclude that one of the possible mechanisms of the influence on silica granulomatous inflammation on the course of alloxan diabetes can be 1) a reduced LPO activity in liver cells at the lates stages of granulomagenesis process induced by a single dose of a suspension of silica microparticles and 2) a combined decrease in glucose production in the liver of alloxan diabetics rats. (scirp.org)

Oxidation product1

• an oxidation product of uric acid, of a pale reddish color, readily soluble in water or alcohol. (absp.org.uk)

Intraperitoneally1

• In addition to basal diet, animals of DC-A received alloxan intraperitoneally only on the first day of the study. (who.int)

Pancreatic beta4

• Alloxan is selectively toxic to insulin-producing pancreatic beta cells because it preferentially accumulates in beta cells through uptake via the GLUT2 glucose transporter. (wikipedia.org)
• Alloxan causes diabetes because it spins up enormous amounts of free radicals in pancreatic beta cells, thus destroying them. (healthiertalk.com)
• Importance of the GLUT2 glucose transporter for pancreatic beta cell toxicity of alloxan. (notulaebiologicae.ro)
• Alloxan causes diabetes because it causes a large amount of free radicals to form in pancreatic beta cells, thus destroying them. (blogspot.in)

Diabetes Mellitus5

• This causes an insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (called "alloxan diabetes") in these animals, with characteristics similar to type 1 diabetes in humans. (wikipedia.org)
• Conclusions: Dietary supplementation with CM fruits effectively prevents the development of diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia and hepatic inflammation in alloxan-induced diabetes. (ac.ir)
• Onderzoeken en klinische studies wijzen herhaaldelijk uit dat oxidatieve stress een grote rol speelt in de pathogenese van zowel diabetes mellitus type 1 als type 2. (ayu.nl)
• The dose which has produced hypoglycaemic effect in rats is equivalent to the highest doses of the product recommended for patients of diabetes mellitus. (jprsolutions.info)
• Umar Muhd Sani* Chemistry Department, Nigeria Police Academy, P.M.B. 3474, Wudil, Kano State Abstract A number of plants products among which the protein-rich Cucurbitaceae seeds are commonly used in traditional medicine with increasing acclaimed efficacy against diabetes mellitus. (pharmaresearchlibrary.com)

Antihyperglycemic2

• Abesundara, K. J. and Matsumoto K. (2006): Antihyperglycemic potential of natural products. (sciencepublishinggroup.com)
• Many herbs and plant products have been shown to have antihyperglycemic action [ 7 8 9 ]. (ispub.com)

Hepatic1

• We conclude that an alloxan-induced selective decrease in β-cell mass leads to deficient insulin secretion by attenuating insulin pulse mass, and that the latter is associated with decreased hepatic insulin clearance and relative hyperglucagonemia, thereby emulating the pattern of islet dysfunction observed in type 2 diabetes. (diabetesjournals.org)

Medicinal3

• Pharmacology of medicinal plants and natural products. (springer.com)
• This study was undertaken to evaluate the anti-hyperglycemic and antihyperlipidemic effects of cornelian cherry (Cornus mas L., CM) fruits - that are rich in anthocyanins and known to have medicinal properties- in alloxan-induced diabetic rats. (ac.ir)
• creating of rights, I was to a alloxan medicinal. (babyfreunde.de)

Insulin9

• Alloxan is a toxic glucose analogue, which selectively destroys insulin-producing cells in the pancreas (that is beta cells) when administered to rodents and many other animal species. (wikipedia.org)
• Because it selectively kills the insulin-producing beta-cells found in the pancreas, alloxan is used to induce diabetes in laboratory animals. (wikipedia.org)
• Furthermore, alloxan inhibits glucokinase, a SH-containing protein essential for insulin secretion induced by glucose. (wikipedia.org)
• We investigated the effects of β-cell secretory products zinc and insulin on isolated rat α-cells, intact islets, and perfused pancreata. (diabetesjournals.org)
• β-Cell secretory products zinc and insulin therefore inhibit glucagon secretion most probably by direct activation of K ATP channels, thereby masking an α-cell metabolism secretion coupling pathway similar to β-cells. (diabetesjournals.org)
• Here, we examine whether β-cell secretory products zinc and insulin directly inhibit rat glucagon secretion and attempt to elucidate the mechanisms by which these paracrine effectors block α-cell stimulus-secretion coupling. (diabetesjournals.org)
• After alloxan administration, insulin secretion and insulin pulse mass (but not insulin pulse interval) decreased in relation to β-cell mass. (diabetesjournals.org)
• To test this postulate, we examined the pattern of insulin secretion in a porcine minipig model before and after induction of partial selective β-cell loss by use of alloxan. (diabetesjournals.org)
• In macrophages of alloxan-induced diabetes, there were higher levels of SOD activity which were further stimulated by melatonin activity, but decreased by insulin action . (oatext.com)

Management of diabetes1

• The objective of this study was to ascertain the scientific basis for the use of the plant in the management of diabetes using alloxan -induced diabetic rats. (ispub.com)

Oxidative1

• Alloxan induced diabetes produces oxidative stress induced damage in rat tissues. (bbrc.in)

Glutathione2

• In addition, alloxan has a high affinity to SH-containing cellular compounds and, as a result, reduces glutathione content. (wikipedia.org)
• Administration of CCl 4 increased the serum ALT, AST, ALP enzymatic activities and lipid peroxidation products but decreased the cellular antioxidant activities and reduced glutathione (GSH) levels in rats which were brought back to near normal levels by the treatment with Citrus macroptera . (springer.com)

Hydrogen2

• A dimeric derivative alloxantin can be prepared by partial reduction of alloxan with hydrogen sulfide. (wikipedia.org)
• The aldehydes found to be inhibitory against P. falciparum could contribute to both the non-antibody host responses against this parasite and the antimalarial effects of radical-generating compounds such as t-butyl hydroperoxide, hydrogen peroxide, alloxan, isouramil, divicine and primaquine. (nih.gov)

Conclusion1

• In conclusion, OPE, ROSE and PPPE have ameliorated the effect of alloxan induced diabetes in rats. (sciencepublishinggroup.com)

Urea1

• The name is derived from allantoin, a product of uric acid excreted by the fetus into the allantois, and oxaluric acid derived from oxalic acid and urea, found in urine. (wikipedia.org)

Extracts1

• Yousif Elhassaneen, Samia Goarge, Ryeaan Sayed, Mayada Younis, Onion, Orange and Prickly Pear Peel Extracts Mixed with Beef Meatballs Ameliorate the Effect of Alloxan Induced Diabetic Rats, American Journal of Pharmacology and Phytotherapy . (sciencepublishinggroup.com)

Toxicity1

• Toxicity of certain products of lipid peroxidation to the human malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum. (nih.gov)

Flour9

• The chlorine gas undergoes an oxidizing chemical reaction with some of the proteins in the flour, producing alloxan as an unintended byproduct. (healthiertalk.com)
• No, they're technically not adding alloxan to the flour - although this is a common misconception. (healthiertalk.com)
• But, they ARE doing chemical treatments to the grain that result in the formation of alloxan in the flour. (healthiertalk.com)
• The elastic and sticky properties of wheat and maida (refined white flour) make them a mainstay in making breads, cookies, cakes and countless other products. (blogspot.in)
• Chlorine also speeds up the maturing process I mentioned above, hence the flour manufacturers can quickly sell their product after milling. (blogspot.in)
• Derivative products such as white bread, cakes, crackers, pastries and donuts derive their colour from the white flour they are made from. (blogspot.com)
• People purchasing white rice, or products made from white flour, need to be educated on how these products are made. (blogspot.com)
• 2. Chlorine dioxide , one of the chemicals used to bleach flour, combines with residual protein in most of these foods to form alloxan. (blogspot.com)
• Flour it's self a beneficial food substance but during bleaching Alloxan, or C4 H2O4N2, is a product of the decomposition of uric acid which produces or added during the process makes flour unsuitable for our body. (vdcure.com)

Alloxantin1

• Murexide is the product of the complex in-situ multistep reaction of alloxantin and gaseous ammonia. (wikipedia.org)

Dose1

• The rats that were nondiabetic after initial dose of alloxan showed no impairments in oral glucose tolerance test and remained resistant to two subsequent doses of alloxan injected monohydratf 1 week interval. (ipicture.mobi)

Virgin coc3

• The coconut whey (CW) (underutilized by-product of virgin coconut oil production, with 2-3% protein) was subjected to ultrafiltration for concentration of protein and sugar removal prior to spray drying. (springer.com)
• A new study published in the journal Plant Foods for Human Nutrition on August 31, 2018, with the title Beneficial Effect of Virgin Coconut Oil on Alloxan-Induced Diabetes and Microbiota Composition in Rats adds further proof that virgin coconut oil is a powerful remedy for diabetes. (coconutoil.com)
• Alloxan plus Virgin Coconut Oil (Alx + VCO) group. (coconutoil.com)

Serum1

• Treatment of animals with alloxan caused a significant increase (p≤0.05) in serum glucose concentration (49.47%) compared to normal control group. (sciencepublishinggroup.com)

Anti-diabetic2

• YXK12 is a commercially available polyherbal product recently introduced in the market and manufacturers claim the product to have anti diabetic properties. (jprsolutions.info)
• This has led to an increasing trend for research on anti-diabetic herbal products, which produce the smallest or no side-effects. (jjnpp.com)

Redox1

• The beta cell toxic action of alloxan is initiated by free radicals formed in this redox reaction. (wikipedia.org)

Normal1

• Normal and alloxan-induced diabetic rats were randomly divided into groups and treated with 100-200 mg/kg EECA for 7, 14 and 28 days respectively. (notulaebiologicae.ro)

Doses1

• These were noted with both low and high doses of alloxan in rats. (ipicture.mobi)

Lipid1

• Because of their high reactivity, free radicals react with unsaturated fatty acids that are components of membrane phospholipids, activate lipid peroxidation processes (LPP), the products of which have a cytotoxic effect. (scirp.org)

Protein2

• Scientist's believe that about 5 to 15 grams of protein in 100 gram of wheat may be contaminated by alloxan, although no large scale studies have been done to know its effect on humans. (blogspot.in)
• Yeast protein product was also used for comparison with fungal protein. (who.int)

Effect3

• These results were confirmed by the histopathological assessments which showed marked improvement of the destructive effect on pancreatic islet cells induced by alloxan. (biomedcentral.com)
• Planten zijn een belangrijke bron van antioxidanten en hebben een beschermende effect tegen oxidatieve stress in biologische systemen. (ayu.nl)
• This study was undertaken to evaluate the hypoglycaemic effect of this drug in Alloxan induced diabetic rats. (jprsolutions.info)

Inflammation1

• and the third group were alloxan diabetic rats, in which silica granulomatous inflammation was induced 8 days after the disease onset (DB_SL rats), the fourth group were rats that were injected saline physiological solution into the tail vein (control rats). (scirp.org)

Compounds1

• These natural products were known for their beneficial effects on health long before flavonoids were isolated as the effective compounds. (scribd.com)