Procaine
Anesthetics, Local
Dibucaine
Caffeine
4-Aminobenzoic Acid
Lidocaine
Tetrachlorvinphos
Benzocaine
Penicillin G Benzathine
Fluorocarbon Polymers
Hypothalamus, Posterior
Calcium Radioisotopes
Veratrum
Paraldehyde
A review of the pharmacology, pharmacokinetics and behavioral effects of procaine in thoroughbred horses. (1/494)
Since procaine has both local anaesthetic and central stimulant actions its presence in the blood or urine of racing horses is forbidden. After rapid intravenous injection of procaine HC1 (2.5 mg/Kg) in thoroughbred mares plasma levels of this drug fell rapidly (t 1/2 alpha = 5 min) and then more slowly (t 1/2 beta = 50.2 min). These kinetics were well fitted by a two compartment open model (Model I). This model gave an apparent Vdbeta for procaine in the horse of about 3,500 litres. Since procaine was about 45% bound to equine plasma protein this gives a true Vdbeta for procaine of about 6,500 litres. After subcutaneous injection of procaine HC1 (3.3 mg/Kg) plasma levels peaked at about 400 ng/ml and then declined with a half-life of about 75 minutes. These data were well fitted by Model I when this was modified to include simple first order absorption (K = 0.048 min-1) from the subcutaneous injection site (Model II). After intramuscular injection of procaine penicillin (33,000 I.U./Kg) plasma levels reached a peak at about 270 ng/ml and then declined with a half-life of about 9 hours. These data were approximately fitted by Model II assuming a first order rate constant for absorption of procaine of 0.0024 min-1. After intramuscular injection of procaine HC1 (10 mg/Kg) plasma levels of procaine peaked rapidly at about 600 ng/ml but thereafter declined slowly (+ 1/2 = 2 hours). A satisfactory pharmaco-kinetic model for this intramuscular data could not be developed. An approximation of these data was obtained by assuming the existence of two intramuscular drug compartments, one containing readily absorbable drug and the other poorly absorbable drug (Model III). After intra-articular administration of procaine (0.33 mg/Kg) plasma levels of this drug reached a peak at about 17 ng/ml and then declined with a half-life of about 2 hours. These data were not modelled. (+info)Ca-releasing action of beta, gamma-methylene adenosine triphosphate on fragmented sarcoplasmic reticulum. (2/494)
beta,gamma-Methylene adenosine triphosphate (AMPOPCP) has two effects on fragmented sarcoplasmic reticulum (FSR), i.e., inhibition of the rate of Ca uptake and the induction of Ca release from FSR filled with Ca. The Ca release brought about by AMPOPCP has many features in common with the mechanism of Ca-induced Ca release: i) it is inhibited by 10 mM procaine; ii) the amount of Ca release increases with increase in the extent of saturation of FSR with Ca; iii) increase of the Ca concentration in the extent of saturation of FSR with Ca; iii) increase of the Ca concentration in the medium facilitates the release of Ca. However, no facilitation of Ca release upon decrease of Mg concentration in the medium is observable. AMPOPCP and caffeine potentiate each other remarkably in their Ca-releasing action, irrespective of the kind of substrate. From the mode of action of AMPOPCP on the rate of Ca uptake, the amount of phosphorylated intermediate (EP), and the effect on Sr release, it is suggested that the state of the FSR-ATP complex is crucial for Ca-induced Ca release. (+info)Mechanism of biphasic response of renal nerve activity during acute cardiac tamponade in conscious rabbits. (3/494)
Renal sympathetic nerve activity (RSNA) responses to acute cardiac tamponade were studied in conscious rabbits with all reflexes intact (Int) or after either surgical sinoaortic denervation (SAD) or administration of intrapericardial procaine (ip-Pro) or intravenous procaine (iv-Pro). In Int rabbits, the mean arterial pressure (MAP) remained relatively constant until the pericardial volume reached 7. 7 ml, whereas the RSNA increased to 226% [compensated cardiac tamponade (CCT)], then, at a pericardial volume of 9.3 ml, the MAP fell sharply and RSNA decreased to 34% [decompensated cardiac tamponade (DCT)]; 1 min after cessation of pericardial infusion, an intravenous injection of naloxone resulted in increases in both MAP and RSNA. In SAD rabbits, RSNA did not alter throughout CCT and DCT, but increased on injection of naloxone. In ip-Pro rabbits, RSNA increased during CCT but did not decrease during DCT, whereas, in iv-Pro rabbits, the RSNA response was similar to that in Int rabbits. These results indicate that RSNA responses to cardiac tamponade are biphasic, with an increase during CCT and a decrease during DCT. Sinoaortic baroreceptors are involved in mediating the increase in RSNA, whereas cardiac receptors may be involved in mediating the decrease in RSNA. An endogenous opioid may be responsible for the decrease in RSNA seen during DCT. (+info)Block of quantal end-plate currents of mouse muscle by physostigmine and procaine. (4/494)
of quantal end-plate currents of mouse muscle by physostigmine and procaine. Quantal endplate currents (qEPCs) were recorded from hemidiaphragms of mice by means of a macro-patch-clamp electrode. Excitation was blocked with tetrodotoxin, and quantal release was elicited by depolarizing pulses through the electrode. Physostigmine (Phys) or procaine (Proc) was applied to the recording site by perfusion of the electrode tip. Low concentrations of Phys increased the amplitude and prolonged the decay time constants of qEPCs from approximately 3 to approximately 10 ms, due to block of acetylcholine-esterase. With 20 microM to 2 mM Phys or Proc, the decay of qEPCs became biphasic, an initial short time constant taus decreasing to <1 ms with 1 mM Phys and to approximately 0.3 ms with 1 mM Proc. The long second time constant of the decay, taul, reached values of +info)Effects of local anesthetics on bacterial cells. (5/494)
The membrane effects of chlorpromazine, nupercain, tetracain, and procain were studied using Bacillus cereus, B. megaterium, B. subtilis, and Streptococcus faecalis, protoplasts from S. faecalis, and isolated membranes from B. subtilis. Chlorpromazin, nupercain, and tetracain produced characteristic micromorphological alterations after treatment for 5 to 30 min at pH 7.0 and 20 degrees C; the membrane staining pattern changed from asymmetric to symmetric, complex mesosome-like structures appeared, and membrane fractures and solubilization occurred. Procain at concentrations up to 100 mM did not induce detectable alterations. Protoplasts were quickly lysed by 10 mM tetracain. A rapid and extensive leakage of K+ was induced by chlorpromazin, nupercain, and tetracain. Procain (100 mM) induced a slight K+ leakage. The membrane respiratory activity of intact B. cereus cells (as measured by the triphenyl tetrazolium reduction) and the succinic dehydrogenase activity of B. subtilis isolated membranes were found to be inhibited by the four local anesthetics. The concentrations that produced 50% inhibition of those activities are correlated with the hydrophobicities of the anesthetic molecules. (+info)Local anesthetics inhibit muscarinic receptor-mediated activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinases in rat pheochromocytoma PC12 cells. (6/494)
BACKGROUND: Because protein phosphorylation is a key mechanism for controlling cellular functions and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) plays a role in cellular signal transduction, the authors wanted to determine whether local anesthetics interfere with biochemical signaling molecules. METHODS: Protein tyrosine phosphorylation and ERK activation induced by carbachol, an agonist for muscarinic acetylcholine receptors, were examined in rat pheochromocytoma PC12 cells, a model for investigating signal transduction. Carbachol-induced tyrosine-phosphorylated proteins of 44 and 42 kd were determined by Western blot analysis and identified as activated ERK1 and ERK2 using anti-ERK antibody. The ERK activation was blocked by preincubation with atropine or an M3 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor antagonist 4-diphenyacetooxy-1, 1-dimethylpiperidinium, indicating that is was mediated by M3 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor activation. Then, in the presence of local anesthetic, the carbachol-induced tyrosine phosphorylation and ERK activation were evaluated. The effects of three Na+ current-modifying reagents on carbachol-induced ERK activation were also evaluated. RESULTS: Procaine (10(-4) to 10(-3) M) inhibited carbachol-induced tyrosine phosphorylation and ERK activation in a concentration-dependent manner. Although tetracaine, lidocaine, and bupivacaine similarly suppressed carbachol-induced tyrosine phosphorylation and ERK activation, neither tetrodotoxin, veratridine, nor ouabain affected the carbachol-induced ERKs activation. Both ERKs were also activated by 4beta-phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate, an activator of protein kinase C, and fluoroaluminate (AlF4-), respectively, but procaine did not affect ERK activation induced by these two substances. The inhibition of carbachol-induced ERK activation by procaine was not modified by a phosphatase inhibitor, calyculin A. CONCLUSIONS: The current results indicate that local anesthetics inhibit the activity of the signal-transducing molecule(s) leading to M3 muscarinic acetylcholine receptor-mediated ERK activation in PC12 cells. Such action is unlikely to be a result of the drug's action on Na+ channels or on the electrochemical gradients of the neuronal cell membrane. (+info)Multiple factor analysis of the action of local anesthetics. (7/494)
The pH jump data of Bianchi and Strobel [(1968) Trans. N.Y. Acad. Sci. Ser. II, 30, 1082-1092] on desheathed frog sciatic nerve are fitted to rate equations. A general quantitation of synergism, summation, and antagonism of anesthetics and of excitation is given. (+info)Antinociceptive effect of R-(+)-hyoscyamine on the conjunctival reflex test in rabbits. (8/494)
R-(+)-Hyoscyamine (1-10 microg/kg, s.c.) dose-dependently increased the local anesthetic effect of procaine (50 microg/ml) and lidocaine (50 microg/ml) in the conjunctival reflex test in the rabbit. This potentiating effect is completely prevented by the M1 antagonist dicyclomine (10 mg/kg, s.c.). The intensity of R-(+)-hyoscyamine antinociception was comparable to that induced by morphine (2 mg/kg, s.c.) and minaprine (15 mg/kg, s.c.), used as analgesic reference drugs. In the same experimental conditions, the S-(-)-enantiomer of atropine (0.1-10 microg/kg, s.c.), was completely ineffective. The present results confirm the ability of R-(+)-hyoscyamine to produce a paradoxical antinociceptive effect mediated by a cholinergic mechanism not only in rodents but also in the rabbit. (+info)Procaine is a local anesthetic drug that is used to reduce the feeling of pain in a specific area of the body. It works by blocking the nerves from transmitting painful sensations to the brain. Procaine is often used during minor surgical procedures, dental work, or when a patient needs to have a wound cleaned or stitched up. It can also be used as a diagnostic tool to help determine the source of pain.
Procaine is administered via injection directly into the area that requires anesthesia. The effects of procaine are relatively short-lived, typically lasting between 30 minutes and two hours, depending on the dose and the individual's metabolism. Procaine may also cause a brief period of heightened sensory perception or euphoria following injection, known as "procaine rush."
It is important to note that procaine should only be administered by trained medical professionals, as improper use can lead to serious complications such as allergic reactions, respiratory depression, and even death.
Penicillin G Procaine is a formulation of penicillin G, an antibiotic derived from the Penicillium fungus, combined with procaine, a local anesthetic. This combination is often used for its extended-release properties and is administered intramuscularly. It is primarily used to treat moderate infections caused by susceptible strains of streptococci and staphylococci.
The procaine component helps to reduce the pain at the injection site, while penicillin G provides the antibacterial action. The extended-release formulation allows for less frequent dosing compared to immediate-release penicillin G. However, its use has become less common due to the development of other antibiotics and routes of administration.
Local anesthetics are a type of medication that is used to block the sensation of pain in a specific area of the body. They work by temporarily numbing the nerves in that area, preventing them from transmitting pain signals to the brain. Local anesthetics can be administered through various routes, including topical application (such as creams or gels), injection (such as into the skin or tissues), or regional nerve blocks (such as epidural or spinal anesthesia).
Some common examples of local anesthetics include lidocaine, prilocaine, bupivacaine, and ropivacaine. These medications can be used for a variety of medical procedures, ranging from minor surgeries (such as dental work or skin biopsies) to more major surgeries (such as joint replacements or hernia repairs).
Local anesthetics are generally considered safe when used appropriately, but they can have side effects and potential complications. These may include allergic reactions, toxicity (if too much is administered), and nerve damage (if the medication is injected into a nerve). It's important to follow your healthcare provider's instructions carefully when using local anesthetics, and to report any unusual symptoms or side effects promptly.
Tetracaine is a local anesthetic commonly used for surface anesthesia of the eye, ear, and mucous membranes. It functions by blocking the nerve impulses in the area where it's applied, thereby numbing the area and relieving pain. It's available in various forms such as solutions, ointments, and sprays. Please note that all medical procedures and treatments should be conducted under the supervision of a healthcare professional.
Dibucaine is a local anesthetic drug that is used to numb the skin or mucous membranes before medical procedures. It works by blocking the nerve signals in the area where it is applied, preventing the sensation of pain. Dibucaine is available as a topical cream, ointment, or gel, and it may also be used as an ingredient in lozenges or throat sprays to relieve sore throats.
Dibucaine has been largely replaced by other local anesthetics due to its potential for causing allergic reactions and other side effects. It is important to follow your healthcare provider's instructions carefully when using dibucaine, and to inform them of any medical conditions or medications you are taking that may interact with the drug.
Caffeine is a central nervous system stimulant that occurs naturally in the leaves, seeds, or fruits of some plants. It can also be produced artificially and added to various products, such as food, drinks, and medications. Caffeine has a number of effects on the body, including increasing alertness, improving mood, and boosting energy levels.
In small doses, caffeine is generally considered safe for most people. However, consuming large amounts of caffeine can lead to negative side effects, such as restlessness, insomnia, rapid heart rate, and increased blood pressure. It is also possible to become dependent on caffeine, and withdrawal symptoms can occur if consumption is suddenly stopped.
Caffeine is found in a variety of products, including coffee, tea, chocolate, energy drinks, and some medications. The amount of caffeine in these products can vary widely, so it is important to pay attention to serving sizes and labels to avoid consuming too much.
Procainamide is an antiarrhythmic medication used to treat various types of irregular heart rhythms (arrhythmias), such as atrial fibrillation, atrial flutter, and ventricular tachycardia. It works by prolonging the duration of the cardiac action potential and decreasing the slope of the phase 0 depolarization, which helps to stabilize the heart's electrical activity and restore a normal rhythm.
Procainamide is classified as a Class Ia antiarrhythmic drug, according to the Vaughan Williams classification system. It primarily affects the fast sodium channels in the heart muscle cells, reducing their availability during depolarization. This results in a decreased rate of impulse generation and conduction velocity, which can help to suppress abnormal rhythms.
The medication is available as an oral formulation (procainamide hydrochloride) and as an injectable solution for intravenous use. Common side effects of procainamide include nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, headache, and dizziness. Procainamide can also cause a lupus-like syndrome, characterized by joint pain, skin rashes, and other autoimmune symptoms, in some patients who take the medication for an extended period.
It is essential to monitor procainamide levels in the blood during treatment to ensure that the drug is within the therapeutic range and to minimize the risk of adverse effects. Healthcare providers should also regularly assess patients' renal function, as procainamide and its active metabolite, N-acetylprocainamide (NAPA), are primarily excreted by the kidneys.
4-Aminobenzoic acid, also known as PABA or para-aminobenzoic acid, is an organic compound that is a type of aromatic amino carboxylic acid. It is a white, crystalline powder that is slightly soluble in water and more soluble in alcohol.
4-Aminobenzoic acid is not an essential amino acid for humans, but it is a component of the vitamin folic acid and is found in various foods such as meat, whole grains, and molasses. It has been used as a topical sunscreen due to its ability to absorb ultraviolet (UV) radiation, although its effectiveness as a sunscreen ingredient has been called into question in recent years.
In addition to its use in sunscreens, 4-aminobenzoic acid has been studied for its potential health benefits, including its possible role in protecting against UV-induced skin damage and its potential anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects. However, more research is needed to confirm these potential benefits and to determine the safety and effectiveness of 4-aminobenzoic acid as a dietary supplement or topical treatment.
Lidocaine is a type of local anesthetic that numbs painful areas and is used to prevent pain during certain medical procedures. It works by blocking the nerves that transmit pain signals to the brain. In addition to its use as an anesthetic, lidocaine can also be used to treat irregular heart rates and relieve itching caused by allergic reactions or skin conditions such as eczema.
Lidocaine is available in various forms, including creams, gels, ointments, sprays, solutions, and injectable preparations. It can be applied directly to the skin or mucous membranes, or it can be administered by injection into a muscle or vein. The specific dosage and method of administration will depend on the reason for its use and the individual patient's medical history and current health status.
Like all medications, lidocaine can have side effects, including allergic reactions, numbness that lasts too long, and in rare cases, heart problems or seizures. It is important to follow the instructions of a healthcare provider carefully when using lidocaine to minimize the risk of adverse effects.
Tetrachlorvinphos (TCVP) is not a medical term, but a chemical compound. It's an organophosphate insecticide used for pest control in various settings, including residential and agricultural. Exposure to TCVP can occur through inhalation, skin contact, or ingestion.
In terms of health effects, TCVP is classified as a possible human carcinogen by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC). It can affect the nervous system and has been linked to developmental and reproductive toxicity. Symptoms of acute exposure may include headache, dizziness, nausea, and vomiting. Chronic exposure can lead to more severe health issues such as neurological disorders and cancer.
It's important to note that the use of TCVP is regulated by various governmental agencies worldwide, including the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and the European Union's European Chemicals Agency (ECHA). These organizations have set limits on the amount of TCVP that can be used in various products and applications to minimize human exposure.
Benzocaine is a local anesthetic agent that works by numbing the skin or mucous membranes to block pain signals from reaching the brain. It is commonly used as a topical medication in the form of creams, gels, sprays, lozenges, and ointments to relieve pain associated with minor cuts, burns, sunburn, sore throat, mouth ulcers, and other conditions that cause discomfort or irritation.
Benzocaine works by temporarily reducing the sensitivity of nerve endings in the affected area, which helps to alleviate pain and provide a soothing effect. It is generally considered safe when used as directed, but it can have some side effects such as skin irritation, stinging, burning, or allergic reactions.
It's important to note that benzocaine products should not be used on deep wounds, puncture injuries, or serious burns, and they should not be applied to large areas of the body or used for prolonged periods without medical supervision. Overuse or misuse of benzocaine can lead to rare but serious side effects such as methemoglobinemia, a condition that affects the oxygen-carrying capacity of the blood.
Penicillin G Benzathine is a type of antibiotic that is used to treat various bacterial infections. According to the International Journal of Antimicrobial Agents, Penicillin G Benzathine is a "water-soluble salt of penicillin G, which has a very high degree of stability and provides prolonged low-level serum concentrations after intramuscular injection."
It is often used to treat infections caused by streptococci and treponema pallidum, the bacterium that causes syphilis. Penicillin G Benzathine works by interfering with the ability of these bacteria to form a cell wall, which is essential for their survival. Without a functional cell wall, the bacteria are unable to grow and multiply, and are eventually destroyed by the body's immune system.
Penicillin G Benzathine is typically administered via intramuscular injection, and its prolonged release allows for less frequent dosing compared to other forms of penicillin. However, it may not be suitable for all patients, particularly those with a history of allergic reactions to penicillin or other antibiotics. As with any medication, Penicillin G Benzathine should only be used under the supervision of a healthcare provider.
Fluorocarbon polymers are a type of synthetic polymeric material that contain carbon-fluorine bonds. These materials are known for their chemical inertness, high stability, and resistance to heat, chemicals, and water. They are often used in various medical applications such as in the coating of medical devices, implants, and drug delivery systems due to their biocompatibility and non-reactive properties.
Fluorocarbon polymers can be classified into two main categories: perfluoropolymers and fluoropolymers. Perfluoropolymers contain only carbon and fluorine atoms, while fluoropolymers contain other elements such as hydrogen, oxygen, or nitrogen in addition to carbon and fluorine.
Examples of fluorocarbon polymers used in medical applications include polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), and ethylene tetrafluoroethylene (ETFE). These materials have a wide range of properties that make them useful in various medical applications, such as low coefficient of friction, high electrical resistance, and excellent chemical resistance.
The posterior hypothalamus is a region in the brain that plays a crucial role in various autonomic functions. It is located in the posterior part of the hypothalamus, which is a small region at the base of the brain that helps regulate many bodily functions, including body temperature, hunger, thirst, fatigue, sleep, and circadian rhythms.
The posterior hypothalamus contains several groups of neurons that are involved in the regulation of autonomic responses, such as the control of heart rate, blood pressure, and body temperature. It also plays a role in the regulation of hormones released from the pituitary gland, which is located below the hypothalamus.
One important function of the posterior hypothalamus is to help regulate body temperature. When the body's temperature rises, neurons in the posterior hypothalamus detect this change and send signals to other parts of the brain to initiate responses that help cool the body down, such as sweating and dilation of blood vessels near the skin surface. Conversely, when the body's temperature drops, the posterior hypothalamus helps to generate heat by stimulating muscle contractions and constricting blood vessels in the skin.
Overall, the posterior hypothalamus is an essential component of the brain's complex system for maintaining homeostasis and regulating various physiological functions.
Calcium radioisotopes are radioactive isotopes of the element calcium. An isotope is a variant of an element that has the same number of protons in its atoms but a different number of neutrons, resulting in different mass numbers. Calcium has several radioisotopes, including calcium-41, calcium-45, calcium-47, and calcium-49.
These radioisotopes are used in various medical applications, such as in diagnostic imaging and research. For example, calcium-45 is commonly used in bone scans to help diagnose conditions like fractures, tumors, or infections. When administered to the patient, the calcium-45 is taken up by the bones, and a special camera can detect the gamma rays emitted by the radioisotope, providing images of the skeleton.
Similarly, calcium-47 is used in research to study calcium metabolism and bone physiology. The short half-life and low energy of the radiation emitted by these radioisotopes make them relatively safe for medical use, with minimal risk of harm to patients. However, as with any medical procedure involving radiation, appropriate precautions must be taken to ensure safety and minimize exposure.
"Veratrum" is a genus of plants that are part of the Melanthiaceae family, also known as hellebore. These plants contain various alkaloids with pharmacological properties and have been used in traditional medicine for their therapeutic effects. However, they can also be highly toxic if not used properly.
In a medical context, "Veratrum" may refer to the medicinal preparations made from these plants, which have been used historically to treat various conditions such as hypertension, heart failure, and gastrointestinal disorders. However, due to their narrow therapeutic index and potential for serious side effects, they are not commonly used in modern medicine.
It's worth noting that the term "Veratrum" is primarily a botanical designation, and its medical use is relatively limited. If you have any specific questions about the medicinal or toxicological properties of Veratrum plants, it would be best to consult with a healthcare professional or a trained medical herbalist.
Paraldehyde is not typically defined in the context of modern medical terminology. However, historically, it was used in medicine as a sedative and anticonvulsant. Paraldehyde is a chemical compound consisting of three molecules of acetaldehyde joined together, forming a cyclic structure. It has been used in the past to treat seizures and anxiety, but its use has largely been discontinued due to its adverse effects, such as unpleasant odor, gastric irritation, and potential for causing respiratory depression.
In modern medical terminology, paraldehyde is not commonly used or recognized. Instead, more modern and safer medications are employed to manage similar conditions.
Procaine
Procaine blockade
Procaine benzylpenicillin
Dimethocaine
Index of oral health and dental articles
Mepivacaine
Procainamide
Acecainide
Edward Johnson Wayne
Welton Taylor
Denatonium
Congenital syphilis
Nerve block
Gerovital
Lidocaine
Streptomycin
Novocaine (disambiguation)
Musa Mirmammad oglu Abdullayev
Potassium permanganate (medical use)
John F. Kennedy
Peter DeMarco
Diethylethanolamine
Pseudocholinesterase deficiency
Pyrrocaine
Diamocaine
Emerald cockroach wasp
Butyrylcholinesterase
Kurt Hermann Thoma
Run (Awolnation album)
Demethylating agent
Procaine - Wikipedia
Penicillin G Procaine Injection: MedlinePlus Drug Information
Ephedrine and Procaine, 1cc. | National Museum of American History
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Effect of double dose of aqueous procaine penicillin to treat gonorrhea in men.
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BICILLIN® C-R Contraindications
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CAS 136-47-0 Hydrochloride HCl Lidocaine Procaine Tetracaine - China Tetracaine and Tetracaine HCl
Benzathine3
- Bicillin C-R (penicillin G benzathine and penicillin G procaine injectable suspension) contains equal amounts of the benzathine and procaine salts of penicillin G. It is available for deep intramuscular injection. (pfizermedicalinformation.com)
- Penicillin G benzathine and penicillin G procaine have a low solubility and, thus, the drugs are slowly released from intramuscular. (pfizermedicalinformation.com)
- Avoiding Bicillin C-R (combination procaine and benzathine), which remains in blood for only 7 days, is essential. (medscape.com)
Hydrochloride4
- Procaine hydrochloride is a drug. (bosenbio.com)
- Procaine hydrochloride acts on the peripheral nerve to produce a conduction block effect. (bosenbio.com)
- What is the Procaine Hydrochloride? (pmkglycidate.com)
- Procaine hydrochloride (HCL) CAS 51-05-8 is a local anesthetic,for pain killer. (pmkglycidate.com)
Lidocaine6
- Aside from its use as a dental anesthetic, procaine is used less frequently today, since more effective (and hypoallergenic) alternatives such as lidocaine (Xylocaine) exist. (wikipedia.org)
- 3 This is a higher incidence of spinal neurotoxicity than we are aware of in any animal study testing roughly equipotent single injections of other local anesthetics, although given the limitations in the older report, there is simply not enough data at the present time to compare precisely the potential for neurotoxicity of procaine and lidocaine. (asahq.org)
- Our point is that just because procaine is less likely to cause the syndrome of transient neurologic symptoms, it ought not to be considered an innocuous, risk-free alternative to lidocaine. (asahq.org)
- This forms the basis of classification of local anesthetics into 2 groups: the ester-type agents (eg, procaine) and the amide-type agents (eg, lidocaine). (medscape.com)
- If the patient is known to be allergic to lidocaine, an ester-type anesthetic, such as procaine, can be substituted. (medscape.com)
- Antimicrobial activity of local anesthetics: lidocaine and procaine. (medscape.com)
Anesthetic6
- Procaine is a local anesthetic drug of the amino ester group. (wikipedia.org)
- Prior to the discovery of amylocaine and procaine, cocaine was a commonly used local anesthetic. (wikipedia.org)
- Procaine, an ester anesthetic, is metabolized in the plasma by the enzyme pseudocholinesterase through hydrolysis into para-amino benzoic acid (PABA), which is then excreted by the kidneys into the urine. (wikipedia.org)
- Both letters pose the question of why 10% procaine was chosen as the spinal anesthetic in our case report. (asahq.org)
- API - Procaine HCl is used in numerous pharmaceutical formulations and medical devices as a local anesthetic, which finds its application in different medical fields. (flarer.ch)
- The potential for severe allergic reactions limits the use of procaine and other ester-type anesthetic agents. (medscape.com)
Injection14
- A 1% procaine injection has been recommended for the treatment of extravasation complications associated with venipuncture, steroids, and antibiotics. (wikipedia.org)
- Penicillin G procaine injection is used to treat certain infections caused by bacteria. (medlineplus.gov)
- Penicillin G procaine injection should not be used to treat gonorrhea (a sexually transmitted disease) or early in the treatment of certain serious infections. (medlineplus.gov)
- Penicillin G procaine injection is in a class of medications called penicillins. (medlineplus.gov)
- Antibiotics such as penicillin G procaine injection will not work for colds, flu, or other viral infections. (medlineplus.gov)
- Penicillin G procaine injection comes as a suspension (liquid) in a prefilled syringe to inject into the muscles of the buttocks or thigh by a doctor or nurse in a medical facility. (medlineplus.gov)
- You should begin to feel better during the first few days of treatment with penicillin G procaine injection. (medlineplus.gov)
- Be sure to keep all appointments to receive penicillin G procaine injection on schedule even if you feel better. (medlineplus.gov)
- If you stop receiving penicillin G procaine injection too soon or skip doses, your infection may not be completely treated and the bacteria may become resistant to antibiotics. (medlineplus.gov)
- You may experience a sudden severe reaction immediately after receiving a dose of penicillin G procaine injection that may last for approximately 15 to 30 minutes. (medlineplus.gov)
- Also tell your doctor if you are allergic to any of the ingredients in penicillin G procaine injection. (medlineplus.gov)
- If you become pregnant while receiving penicillin G procaine injection, call your doctor. (medlineplus.gov)
- If you miss an appointment to receive penicillin G procaine injection, call your doctor as soon as possible. (medlineplus.gov)
- Penicillin G procaine injection may cause side effects. (medlineplus.gov)
Tetracaine2
- Tetracaine is more efficient than Procaine. (made-in-china.com)
- Tetracaine is more potent than procaine, and it causes similar allergic reactions. (medscape.com)
Ceftriaxone1
- Response of HIV-infected patients with asymptomatic syphilis to intensive intramuscular therapy with ceftriaxone or procaine penicillin. (druglib.com)
Active ingredient1
- In 2016 the only European manufacturer discontinued the production of the active ingredient - Procaine HCl for human use. (flarer.ch)
Novocain2
- Owing to the ubiquity of the trade name Novocain or Novocaine, in some regions, procaine is referred to generically as novocaine. (wikipedia.org)
- How long does it take novocain (procaine) to wear off? (healthtap.com)
Bupivacaine2
- For determining minimal blocking concentrations (a measure of potency), the vein segment was continuously perfused with Tyrode's solution with increasing concentrations of bupivacaine or procaine for at least 10 minutes each until pain was completely blocked. (bmj.com)
- median and range) mmol/L for bupivacaine and 15.0 (7.5-22.5) mmol/L for procaine. (bmj.com)
Ester2
- About one in 3000 white North Americans is homozygous (i.e. has two copies of the abnormal gene) for the most common atypical form of the enzyme pseudocholinesterase, and do not hydrolyze ester anesthetics such as procaine. (wikipedia.org)
- Procaine is an ester of para-aminobenzoic acid (PABA). (medscape.com)
Pharmaceutical2
- The pharmaceutical market was likely to be uncovered by 2021, as the last produced batches of Procaine HCl guarantee a validity (shelf life) of only five years. (flarer.ch)
- Pharmaceutical Companies, holders of the marketing of such Procaine HCl-based drugs, could no longer source from a qualified and authorized manufacturer, as the few existing global manufacturers were not in compliance with the regulatory and quality requirements necessary and demanded by the European Medicines Authority. (flarer.ch)
PABA2
- Allergic reactions to procaine are usually not in response to procaine itself, but to its metabolite PABA. (wikipedia.org)
- As procaine is metabolized, PABA, a known allergen, is released as a metabolic product. (medscape.com)
Allergic reactions1
- Procaine can also cause allergic reactions causing individuals to have problems with breathing, rashes, and swelling. (wikipedia.org)
Peripheral1
- This is a treatment method that involves injecting local anesthetics (mainly Procaine) into scars, peripheral nerves, autonomic ganglia, trigger points, glands, and other tissues to cure chronic pain and illness. (healnavigator.com)
Dosage2
- Other issues may occur because of varying individual tolerance to procaine dosage. (wikipedia.org)
- SOLVED) A veterinarian prescribes procaine penicillin g for a zoo dog and its dosage is 40,000 units/kg. (homeworkmarkettutors.com)
Cocaine3
- Unlike cocaine, a vasoconstrictor, procaine does not have the euphoric and addictive qualities that put it at risk for abuse. (wikipedia.org)
- Procaine is an occasional additive in illicit street drugs, such as cocaine. (wikipedia.org)
- Procaine, a synthetic alternative to cocaine, was not developed until 1904. (medscape.com)
Injections1
- It has likewise been recommended for treatment of inadvertent intra-arterial injections (10 ml of 1% procaine), as it helps relieve pain and vascular spasm. (wikipedia.org)
Treat gonorrhea1
- Effect of double dose of aqueous procaine penicillin to treat gonorrhea in men. (cdc.gov)
Anesthesia3
- We appreciate the comments of Drs. Shulman and Robelen, and of Dr. Kitagawa, in emphasizing the potential for neurotoxicity of undiluted 10% procaine in spinal anesthesia, consistent with our case report. (asahq.org)
- We note that these references, as well as many other early publications reporting neurotoxicity after procaine spinal anesthesia, were included in the review of Schildt, 5 which we also referenced in the case report, and which has also been undeservedly neglected. (asahq.org)
- Application: Local anesthesia is stronger than procaine, and it is also more toxic. (made-in-china.com)
Synthetic2
- The manufacturing partner with the most suitable and qualified know-how and production asset was identified in order to better support the entire project of synthetic development and production of the molecule - Procaine HCl. (flarer.ch)
- The synthetic process has been completed and the analytical method of the molecule - Procaine HCl - has been improved. (flarer.ch)
Anesthetics1
- Like other local anesthetics (such as mepivacaine, and prilocaine), procaine is a vasodilator, thus is often coadministered with epinephrine for the purpose of vasoconstriction. (wikipedia.org)
Drugs2
- This situation would lead to the inevitable divestment and unavailability of Procaine HCl-based drugs. (flarer.ch)
- This had to be concluded within the five-year validity period of the last batches of API - Procaine HCl produced by the European manufacturer, in order to avoid the stock breakage of the numerous European MAHs, resulting in the forfeiture of marketing authorizations for the various drugs. (flarer.ch)
Treatment2
- Procain-Reset: Ein Therapiekonzept zur Behandlung chronischer Erkrankungen" [Procaine reset: A therapy concept for the treatment of chronic diseases. (wikipedia.org)
- The systemic use of procaine in the treatment of the elderly: a review. (bvsalud.org)
Shortly1
- Procaine was first synthesized in 1905, shortly after amylocaine. (wikipedia.org)
Manufacturers1
- MDMA manufacturers also use procaine as an additive at ratios ranging from 1:1 up to 10% MDMA with 90% procaine, which can be life-threatening. (wikipedia.org)
System1
- My body is dumping a ton of the Procaine, which is good, but it short-circuits my system if there is not enough water in me to move it out. (wetoatmealkisses.com)
Therapy1
- Interested in Neural Therapy (Procaine) but not sure how to start? (healnavigator.com)
Comment1
- One of us had earlier pointed out 4 the relevance of those publications to the question of procaine spinal neurotoxicity, and so did not comment further on them in our case report except to refer to the earlier comment. (asahq.org)
Found1
- The animal study of MacDonald and Watkins cited by Dr. Kitagawa (his reference 3) and Drs. Shulman and Robelen (their reference 7) found that 10% spinal procaine was neurotoxic in 33% of 33 animals tested, but also found that 5% procaine was neurotoxic in 10% of 20 animals tested. (asahq.org)
Application1
- Application of procaine leads to the depression of neuronal activity. (wikipedia.org)
