Prevotella
Prevotella intermedia
Porphyromonas
Prevotella ruminicola
Prevotella nigrescens
Bacteroides
Bacteria, Anaerobic
Mouth
Periapical Abscess
Bacteria, Aerobic
Prevotella melaninogenica
RNA, Ribosomal, 16S
Dental Plaque
Periodontal Diseases
Fusobacterium nucleatum
Porphyromonas gingivalis
Periodontitis
DNA, Ribosomal
Periodontal Abscess
Peptostreptococcus
Fusobacterium
Metagenome
Gram-Negative Anaerobic Bacteria
Bacteria
Succinic Acid
Abscess
Campylobacter rectus
Rumen
Vaginosis, Bacterial
Bacteroidaceae
Bacterial Typing Techniques
Cellobiose
Paronychia
Lung Abscess
Pneumonia, Aspiration
Use of PCR and sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis techniques for differentiation of Prevotella intermedia sensu stricto and Prevotella nigrescens. (1/175)
Primers were designed from 16S rRNA sequences of Prevotella intermedia sensu stricto and Prevotella nigrescens and were used to discriminate these two species by PCR. The results were compared with those from the PCR technique using primers designed from arbitrarily primed PCR products by Guillot and Mouton (E. Guillot and C. Mouton, J. Clin. Microbiol. 35:1876-1882, 1997). The specificities of both assays were studied by using P. intermedia ATCC 25611, P. nigrescens ATCC 33563, 174 clinical isolates of P. intermedia sensu lato, and 59 reference strains and 58 clinical isolates of other Prevotella species and/or common oral flora. In addition, the usefulness and reliability of sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) in the differentiation of the two species were examined by comparing the results with those from PCR assays. The controversial lipase test for distinguishing these species was also carried out. Unambiguous differentiation was made by both PCR assays, and the results matched each other. The SDS-PAGE assay was found to misidentify a few strains tested, compared with the results of PCR assays. The lipase test was positive for both species, including the reference strains of P. intermedia and P. nigrescens. We conclude that both PCR assays are simple, rapid, reliable, and specific methods which could be used in clinical studies and that the lipase test is not valuable in the differentiation. The reliable discrimination of the two species by SDS-PAGE is questionable. (+info)Modulation of antibacterial peptide activity by products of Porphyromonas gingivalis and Prevotella spp. (2/175)
This study investigated the ability of anaerobic periodontal bacteria to inactivate and resist killing by antimicrobial peptides through production of extracellular proteases. Antibacterial activities of peptides were assessed in a double-layer agarose diffusion assay, and MICs and MBCs were determined in broth microdilution assays. Culture supernates of Porphyromonas gingivalis and Prevotella spp. inactivated mastoparan, magainin II and cecropin B whilst Gram-positive oral supragingival bacteria had no effect. Inactivation was prevented by protease inhibitors and was unaffected by 45% human serum. Purified proteases from the periodontopathogen Porph. gingivalis inactivated peptides [cecropin B, brevinin, CAMEL (cecropin A 1-7 + melittin 2-9), mastoparan] as would be predicted from the amino acid sequences of the peptides and the known bond specificities of these Arg-x and Lys-x enzymes. MALDI-TOF MS revealed that inactivation of cecropin B by Porph. gingivalis protease was due to specific cleavage of the molecule. Inactivation of cecropin B by proteases took 10-15 min. Paradoxically, MICs of cecropin B against Porph. gingivalis and Prevotella intermedia were low, while Prevotella nigrescens was resistant, suggesting that production of proteases alone is insufficient to protect Porph. gingivalis and Prev. intermedia from the action of antimicrobial peptides. Thus, antimicrobial peptides could be developed as therapeutic agents targeted against specific periodontal pathogens. (+info)Bovine polymorphonuclear neutrophil-mediated phagocytosis and an immunoglobulin G2 protease produced by Porphyromonas levii. (3/175)
Acute interdigital phlegmon (AIP) is a commonly occurring anaerobic bacterial infection in cattle. This study examined in vitro the interaction of bovine polymorphonuclear granulocytic neutrophils (PMN) from blood with bacterial species involved in AIP. Polymorphonuclear neutrophils were purified from whole bovine blood, exposed to one of the three putative etiologic agents of AIP and comparatively assessed for phagocytosis using light microscopy. Fusobacterium necrophorum and Prevotella intermedia were effectively phagocytosed by PMN, but Porphyromonas levii was phagocytosed significantly less effectively by PMN. The effect of high titre anti-P. levii bovine serum on antibody-mediated phagocytosis by PMN was also evaluated. High titre serum increased the efficiency of phagocytosis of P. levii by bovine PMN. This was independent of heat labile complement factors. Antibodies specific for P. levii were assessed for protease activity capable of cleaving bovine immunoglobulins (IgG, IgG1, IgG2, and IgM). Partially purified supernatant from broth cultures of P. levii were incubated with biotinylated immunoglobulins (Igs). Samples were taken from times 0 to 72 h and examined using SDS-PAGE followed by Western blot analysis. Streptavidin-alkaline phosphatase and NBT-BCIP were used to visualize the Igs for heavy and light chains as well as lower molecular weight fragments of these glycoproteins. Porphyromonas levii produced an immunoglobulin protease which readily cleaved bovine IgG into fragments, but did not act against IgM. Specifically, the enzyme may be a significant virulence factor as it may act to neutralize the antibodies demonstrated necessary for effective PMN-mediated phagocytosis. (+info)Microbiology of retroperitoneal abscesses in children. (4/175)
Samples of pus from 41 children with retroperitoneal abscess treated between 1974 and 1994 yielded a total of 125 organisms (3.0 isolates/specimen); 58 isolates were aerobic and facultative species (1.4/specimen) and 67 were anaerobic (1.6/specimen). Aerobic bacteria only were isolated from 7 (17%) abscesses, anaerobic bacteria only from 3 (7%) and mixed aerobic and anaerobic bacteria from 31 (76%); 34 (83%) infections were polymicrobial. The predominant aerobic and facultative isolates were Escherichia coli (19 isolates) and Staphylococcus aureus (6), and the predominant anaerobes were Peptostreptococcus spp. (18 isolates), Bacteroides spp. (22) and Prevotella spp. (5). (+info)Incidence of Prevotella intermedia and Prevotella nigrescens carriage among family members with subclinical periodontal disease. (5/175)
We established a typing system for Prevotella intermedia and Prevotella nigrescens using the combination of PCR ribotyping and arbitrarily primed PCR (AP-PCR) fingerprinting and applied this system to the study of intrafamilial incidence of these species in the oral cavity. PCR ribotyping followed by subtyping by AP-PCR fingerprinting was applied to each type strain of P. intermedia and P. nigrescens and 54 isolates (32 isolates of P. intermedia and 24 isolates of P. nigrescens) from extraoral infections, resulting in an excellent discriminatory power (discrimination index, 0.99) for both species. A total of 18 subjects from six families, with the subjects from each family comprising the mother, the father, and a child who had subclinical early-stage to moderate adult periodontitis or simple gingivitis and who carried P. intermedia or P. nigrescens, or both, were enrolled in the study of intrafamilial carriage. When 20 colonies per specimen of subgingival plaque, if available, were picked from primary culture, 115 P. intermedia and 178 P. nigrescens isolates were recovered from the 18 subjects. Among the subjects studied, family members shared the same subtype strain(s) but non-family members did not. Multiple subtypes were found in 8 (57%) of the 14 P. nigrescens-positive subjects but in only 3 (27%) of the 11 P. intermedia-positive subjects; the difference was, however, not statistically significant (P = 0.14). These results suggest that the combination of PCR ribotyping and AP-PCR fingerprinting is well suited for the epidemiological study of P. intermedia and P. nigrescens and that each family seems to carry a distinct subtype(s) of these species. (+info)Direct detection of Prevotella intermedia and P. nigrescens in suppurative oral infection by amplification of 16S rRNA gene. (6/175)
A specific 16S rDNA PCR and subsequent hybridisation reaction was designed to discriminate between strains of Prevotella intermedia (n = 15) and P. nigrescens (n = 15). This technique was then used to detect the presence of these two bacterial species in acute suppurative oral infection. A total of 36 pus samples aspirated from 26 peri-apical abscesses, three root canals, three periodontal abscesses, two cases of refractory periodontitis, one cyst and one haematoma was examined. A portion of the pus sample was processed by PCR and the remainder of the specimen was subjected to routine culture. The PCR-based technique gave an identical pattern of detection of P. intermedia or P. nigrescens to that obtained by culture for 30 of the 36 specimens. Either P. intermedia or P. nigrescens was present in 14 samples and neither species was detected in 16 samples. In the remaining six samples the PCR method indicated the presence of one (n = 3) or both (n = 3) of the Prevotella species but neither or only one species was isolated by culture. It is concluded that the presence of P. intermedia and P. nigrescens in pus can be detected rapidly and specifically by direct PCR amplification of 16S rDNA. P. nigrescens was detected more frequently than P. intermedia in suppurative peri-apical infection both by culture and PCR. (+info)Selection of a highly monensin-resistant Prevotella bryantii subpopulation with altered outer membrane characteristics. (7/175)
Prevotella bryantii cultures treated with monensin grew more slowly than untreated cultures, but only if the monensin concentration was greater than 1 microM. Cultures that were repeatedly transferred (eight transfers or 25 doublings) with monensin always grew rapidly, even at a 10 microM concentration. The amount of monensin needed to facilitate half-maximal potassium depletion (K(d)) from monensin-selected cells was 16-fold greater than "unadapted" wild-type cultures (3,200 versus 200 nM). Cells taken from continuous culture had a K(d) of 100 nM, and these inocula could not grow in batch culture when the monensin concentration was greater than 300 nM. Continuous cultures treated with monensin nearly washed out, but the surviving cells had a K(d) of 1,300 nM. When wild-type cells were transferred in batch culture with 10 microM monensin, the K(d) did not reach its maximum value (3,200 nM) until after eight transfers (25 doublings). K(d) declined when monensin was removed, and it took eight transfers to reach the control value (200 nM). The most probable number of wild-type cells was 1,000-fold lower than of the monensin-selected cells, but calculations based on relative growth advantage and K(d) indicated that the wild-type culture had 1 to 10% highly monensin-resistant cells. Cell pellets of wild-type cultures were more difficult to disperse than were monensin-selected cells, and water-soluble phenol extracts of monensin-selected cells had 1.8-fold more anthrone-reactive material than did the wild type. Wild-type cultures that were washed in Tris buffer (pH 8.0) released little alkaline phosphatase and were agglutinated by lysozyme. Monensin-selected cultures leaked ninefold more alkaline phosphatase and were not agglutinated by lysozyme. Wild-type colonies taken from high-dilution agar roll tubes retained the lysozyme agglutination phenotype even if transferred with monensin, and monensin-selected colonies were never agglutinated. These observations indicated that wild-type P. bryantii cultures had a subpopulation with different outer membrane characteristics and increased monensin resistance. (+info)Increase of CD26/dipeptidyl peptidase IV expression on human gingival fibroblasts upon stimulation with cytokines and bacterial components. (8/175)
CD26/dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPPIV) is a cell surface ectoenzyme which participates in immune and inflammatory reactions. We found that CD26 was only partially expressed on human fibroblasts from periodontal tissues, whereas fibroblasts from lung and skin expressed CD26 constitutively as revealed by flow cytometry. We examined the possible upregulation of CD26 expression on human gingival fibroblasts in response to various stimulants. Interleukin-1alpha (IL-1alpha); tumor necrosis factor alpha; gamma interferon; lipopolysaccharide from Porphyromonas gingivalis, Prevotella intermedia, and Escherichia coli; and Prevotella glycoprotein augmented CD26 expression on gingival fibroblasts. Among the stimulants, IL-1alpha exhibited the most potent activity. Enzymatic activity of CD26 induced by IL-1alpha on fibroblasts was determined colorimetrically in terms of Gly-Pro hydrolysis of a synthetic chromogenic substrate, Gly-Pro p-nitroanilide. Among various inhibitors tested, diprotin A and phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride inhibited the enzymatic activity, suggesting that the enzyme induced by IL-1alpha was DPPIV. The upregulation of CD26 mRNA expression upon stimulation with IL-1alpha was also revealed by a quantitative reverse transcription-PCR assay. In the kinetic experiment, 48 h and several days were required for maximum CD26 mRNA accumulation and CD26 molecule expression on the cell surface, respectively. The addition of cycloheximide at 2 h before IL-1alpha stimulation almost completely inhibited the accumulation of CD26 mRNA. These results suggested that induction of CD26 on human gingival fibroblasts is regulated at the transcriptional level and is also dependent on a de novo-synthesized protein factor(s). (+info)Preventella is a genus of Gram-negative, anaerobic, rod-shaped bacteria that are commonly found in the human oral cavity, gastrointestinal tract, and urogenital tract. They are part of the normal microbiota but can also be associated with various infections, particularly in individuals with compromised immune systems or underlying medical conditions.
Prevotella species have been implicated in a variety of diseases, including periodontal disease, dental caries, respiratory tract infections, bacteremia, soft tissue infections, and joint infections. They can also be found in association with abscesses, wound infections, and other types of infections, particularly in the head and neck region.
Prevotella species are generally resistant to antibiotics commonly used to treat anaerobic infections, such as clindamycin and metronidazole, making them difficult to eradicate. Therefore, accurate identification and susceptibility testing of Prevotella isolates is important for the appropriate management of infections caused by these organisms.
Prevotella intermedia is a gram-negative, anaerobic, rod-shaped bacterium that is commonly found in the oral cavity, upper respiratory tract, and gastrointestinal tract. It is a normal resident of the human microbiota but can also be an opportunistic pathogen, causing various types of infections such as periodontitis, endocarditis, and brain abscesses. P. intermedia has been associated with several diseases, including respiratory tract infections, bacteremia, and joint infections. It is often found in mixed infections with other anaerobic bacteria. Proper identification of this organism is important for the selection of appropriate antimicrobial therapy.
Bacteroidaceae is a family of gram-negative, anaerobic bacteria that are commonly found in the human gastrointestinal tract. Infections caused by Bacteroidaceae are relatively rare, but can occur in cases of severe trauma, surgery, or compromised immune systems. These infections may include bacteremia (bacteria in the blood), abscesses, and wound infections. Treatment typically involves the use of antibiotics that are effective against anaerobic bacteria. It is important to note that proper identification of the specific species causing the infection is necessary for appropriate treatment, as different species within Bacteroidaceae may have different susceptibilities to various antibiotics.
"Porphyromonas" is a genus of gram-negative, anaerobic bacteria that are commonly found in the human oral cavity and other areas of the body. One species, "Porphyromonas gingivalis," is a major contributor to chronic periodontitis, a severe form of gum disease. These bacteria are also associated with various systemic diseases, including atherosclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis, and aspiration pneumonia. The name "Porphyromonas" comes from the Greek words "porphyra," meaning purple, and "monas," meaning unit, referring to the bacteria's ability to produce porphyrins, which are pigments that can give a purple color to their colonies.
"Prevotella ruminicola" is a gram-negative, anaerobic, rod-shaped bacterium that is commonly found in the oral cavity and gastrointestinal tract of humans and animals. It is one of the predominant species in the rumen of ruminants, where it plays a crucial role in the breakdown and fermentation of plant material. However, it can also be an opportunistic pathogen and has been associated with various infections, including periodontal disease, aspiration pneumonia, and bacteremia. Proper oral hygiene and healthcare practices are essential to prevent the overgrowth and potential infection caused by this bacterium.
"Prevotella nigrescens" is a gram-negative, anaerobic, rod-shaped bacterium that is commonly found in the human oral cavity, intestinal tract, and female genital tract. It is a member of the normal microbiota of these areas but has been associated with various infections such as periodontitis, endodontic infections, aspiration pneumonia, and bacteremia. The bacterium can also be found in association with abscesses, wound infections, and other types of soft tissue infections. It is important to note that the presence of "Prevotella nigrescens" alone does not necessarily indicate infection, as it can also be present in the absence of disease. However, its identification in clinical specimens may warrant further investigation and appropriate treatment.
Bacteroides are a genus of gram-negative, anaerobic, rod-shaped bacteria that are normally present in the human gastrointestinal tract. They are part of the normal gut microbiota and play an important role in breaking down complex carbohydrates and other substances in the gut. However, some species of Bacteroides can cause opportunistic infections, particularly in individuals with weakened immune systems or when they spread to other parts of the body. They are resistant to many commonly used antibiotics, making infections caused by these bacteria difficult to treat.
Anaerobic bacteria are a type of bacteria that do not require oxygen to grow and survive. Instead, they can grow in environments that have little or no oxygen. Some anaerobic bacteria can even be harmed or killed by exposure to oxygen. These bacteria play important roles in many natural processes, such as decomposition and the breakdown of organic matter in the digestive system. However, some anaerobic bacteria can also cause disease in humans and animals, particularly when they infect areas of the body that are normally oxygen-rich. Examples of anaerobic bacterial infections include tetanus, gas gangrene, and dental abscesses.
In medical terms, the mouth is officially referred to as the oral cavity. It is the first part of the digestive tract and includes several structures: the lips, vestibule (the space enclosed by the lips and teeth), teeth, gingiva (gums), hard and soft palate, tongue, floor of the mouth, and salivary glands. The mouth is responsible for several functions including speaking, swallowing, breathing, and eating, as it is the initial point of ingestion where food is broken down through mechanical and chemical processes, beginning the digestive process.
A periapical abscess is a localized infection that occurs at the tip of the tooth's root, specifically in the periapical tissue. This tissue surrounds the end of the tooth's root and helps anchor the tooth to the jawbone. The infection is usually caused by bacteria that enter the pulp chamber of the tooth as a result of dental caries (tooth decay), periodontal disease, or trauma that damages the tooth's protective enamel layer.
The infection leads to pus accumulation in the periapical tissue, forming an abscess. The symptoms of a periapical abscess may include:
1. Pain and tenderness in the affected tooth, which can be throbbing or continuous
2. Swelling in the gums surrounding the tooth
3. Sensitivity to hot, cold, or pressure on the tooth
4. Fever, general malaise, or difficulty swallowing (in severe cases)
5. A foul taste in the mouth or bad breath
6. Tooth mobility or loosening
7. Formation of a draining sinus tract (a small opening in the gums that allows pus to drain out)
Periapical abscesses require dental treatment, which typically involves removing the infected pulp tissue through root canal therapy and cleaning, shaping, and sealing the root canals. In some cases, antibiotics may be prescribed to help control the infection, but they do not replace the necessary dental treatment. If left untreated, a periapical abscess can lead to severe complications, such as the spread of infection to other parts of the body or tooth loss.
Aerobic bacteria are a type of bacteria that require oxygen to live and grow. These bacteria use oxygen as the final electron acceptor in their respiratory chain to generate energy in the form of ATP (adenosine triphosphate). Aerobic bacteria can be found in various environments, including soil, water, and the air, as well as on the surfaces of living things. Some examples of aerobic bacteria include species of Pseudomonas, Bacillus, and Staphylococcus.
It's worth noting that some bacteria can switch between aerobic and anaerobic metabolism depending on the availability of oxygen. These bacteria are called facultative anaerobes. In contrast, obligate anaerobes are bacteria that cannot tolerate oxygen and will die in its presence.
"Prevotella melaninogenica" is a gram-negative, anaerobic, rod-shaped bacterium that is commonly found as part of the normal microbiota in the oral cavity, gastrointestinal tract, and urogenital tract. It is named for its ability to produce melanin pigment. This bacterium can sometimes be associated with various infections, including dental abscesses, periodontal disease, lung infections, and bloodstream infections, particularly in individuals with compromised immune systems."
Ribosomal RNA (rRNA) is a type of RNA that combines with proteins to form ribosomes, which are complex structures inside cells where protein synthesis occurs. The "16S" refers to the sedimentation coefficient of the rRNA molecule, which is a measure of its size and shape. In particular, 16S rRNA is a component of the smaller subunit of the prokaryotic ribosome (found in bacteria and archaea), and is often used as a molecular marker for identifying and classifying these organisms due to its relative stability and conservation among species. The sequence of 16S rRNA can be compared across different species to determine their evolutionary relationships and taxonomic positions.
Dental plaque is a biofilm or mass of bacteria that accumulates on the surface of the teeth, restorative materials, and prosthetic devices such as dentures. It is initiated when bacterial colonizers attach to the smooth surfaces of teeth through van der Waals forces and specific molecular adhesion mechanisms.
The microorganisms within the dental plaque produce extracellular polysaccharides that help to stabilize and strengthen the biofilm, making it resistant to removal by simple brushing or rinsing. Over time, if not regularly removed through oral hygiene practices such as brushing and flossing, dental plaque can mineralize and harden into tartar or calculus.
The bacteria in dental plaque can cause tooth decay (dental caries) by metabolizing sugars and producing acid that demineralizes the tooth enamel. Additionally, certain types of bacteria in dental plaque can cause periodontal disease, an inflammation of the gums that can lead to tissue damage and bone loss around the teeth. Regular professional dental cleanings and good oral hygiene practices are essential for preventing the buildup of dental plaque and maintaining good oral health.
According to the American Academy of Periodontology, periodontal diseases are chronic inflammatory conditions that affect the tissues surrounding and supporting the teeth. These tissues include the gums, periodontal ligament, and alveolar bone. The primary cause of periodontal disease is bacterial plaque, a sticky film that constantly forms on our teeth.
There are two major stages of periodontal disease:
1. Gingivitis: This is the milder form of periodontal disease, characterized by inflammation of the gums (gingiva) without loss of attachment to the teeth. The gums may appear red, swollen, and bleed easily during brushing or flossing. At this stage, the damage can be reversed with proper dental care and improved oral hygiene.
2. Periodontitis: If left untreated, gingivitis can progress to periodontitis, a more severe form of periodontal disease. In periodontitis, the inflammation extends beyond the gums and affects the deeper periodontal tissues, leading to loss of bone support around the teeth. Pockets filled with infection-causing bacteria form between the teeth and gums, causing further damage and potential tooth loss if not treated promptly.
Risk factors for developing periodontal disease include poor oral hygiene, smoking or using smokeless tobacco, genetic predisposition, diabetes, hormonal changes (such as pregnancy or menopause), certain medications, and systemic diseases like AIDS or cancer. Regular dental check-ups and good oral hygiene practices are crucial for preventing periodontal disease and maintaining overall oral health.
"Fusobacterium nucleatum" is a gram-negative, anaerobic, rod-shaped bacterium that is commonly found in the oral cavity and plays a significant role in periodontal disease. It has also been implicated in various extraintestinal infections, including septicemia, brain abscesses, and lung and liver infections. This bacterium is known to have a variety of virulence factors that contribute to its pathogenicity, such as the ability to adhere to and invade host cells, produce biofilms, and evade the immune response. It has been linked to several systemic diseases, including colorectal cancer, where it may promote tumor growth and progression through various mechanisms.
"Porphyromonas gingivalis" is a gram-negative, anaerobic, rod-shaped bacterium that is commonly found in the oral cavity and is associated with periodontal disease. It is a major pathogen in chronic periodontitis, which is a severe form of gum disease that can lead to destruction of the tissues supporting the teeth, including the gums, periodontal ligament, and alveolar bone.
The bacterium produces several virulence factors, such as proteases and endotoxins, which contribute to its pathogenicity. It has been shown to evade the host's immune response and cause tissue destruction through various mechanisms, including inducing the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and matrix metalloproteinases.
P. gingivalis has also been linked to several systemic diseases, such as atherosclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis, and Alzheimer's disease, although the exact mechanisms of these associations are not fully understood. Effective oral hygiene practices, including regular brushing, flossing, and professional dental cleanings, can help prevent the overgrowth of P. gingivalis and reduce the risk of periodontal disease.
Periodontitis is a severe form of gum disease that damages the soft tissue and destroys the bone supporting your teeth. If left untreated, it can lead to tooth loss. It is caused by the buildup of plaque, a sticky film of bacteria that constantly forms on our teeth. The body's immune system fights the bacterial infection, which causes an inflammatory response. If the inflammation continues for a long time, it can damage the tissues and bones that support the teeth.
The early stage of periodontitis is called gingivitis, which is characterized by red, swollen gums that bleed easily when brushed or flossed. When gingivitis is not treated, it can advance to periodontitis. In addition to plaque, other factors that increase the risk of developing periodontitis include smoking or using tobacco products, poor oral hygiene, diabetes, a weakened immune system, and genetic factors.
Regular dental checkups and good oral hygiene practices, such as brushing twice a day, flossing daily, and using an antimicrobial mouth rinse, can help prevent periodontitis. Treatment for periodontitis may include deep cleaning procedures, medications, or surgery in severe cases.
Ribosomal DNA (rDNA) refers to the specific regions of DNA in a cell that contain the genes for ribosomal RNA (rRNA). Ribosomes are complex structures composed of proteins and rRNA, which play a crucial role in protein synthesis by translating messenger RNA (mRNA) into proteins.
In humans, there are four types of rRNA molecules: 18S, 5.8S, 28S, and 5S. These rRNAs are encoded by multiple copies of rDNA genes that are organized in clusters on specific chromosomes. In humans, the majority of rDNA genes are located on the short arms of acrocentric chromosomes 13, 14, 15, 21, and 22.
Each cluster of rDNA genes contains both transcribed and non-transcribed spacer regions. The transcribed regions contain the genes for the four types of rRNA, while the non-transcribed spacers contain regulatory elements that control the transcription of the rRNA genes.
The number of rDNA copies varies between species and even within individuals of the same species. The copy number can also change during development and in response to environmental factors. Variations in rDNA copy number have been associated with various diseases, including cancer and neurological disorders.
Gingiva is the medical term for the soft tissue that surrounds the teeth and forms the margin of the dental groove, also known as the gum. It extends from the mucogingival junction to the base of the cervical third of the tooth root. The gingiva plays a crucial role in protecting and supporting the teeth and maintaining oral health by providing a barrier against microbial invasion and mechanical injury.
A periodontal abscess is a localized collection of pus in the tissues surrounding and supporting the teeth, caused by an infection. It's typically characterized by symptoms such as pain, swelling, redness, and sometimes drainage of pus from the affected area. The infection usually arises from dental plaque that accumulates on the teeth and gums, leading to periodontal disease. If left untreated, a periodontal abscess can result in tissue destruction, bone loss, and even tooth loss. Treatment typically involves draining the abscess, removing any infected tissue, and providing oral hygiene instruction to prevent future infections. In some cases, antibiotics may also be prescribed to help clear up the infection.
Peptostreptococcus is a genus of Gram-positive, anaerobic, coccus-shaped bacteria that are commonly found as normal flora in the human mouth, gastrointestinal tract, and female genital tract. These organisms can become pathogenic and cause a variety of infections, particularly in individuals with compromised immune systems or following surgical procedures. Infections caused by Peptostreptococcus species can include abscesses, endocarditis, bacteremia, and joint infections. Proper identification and antibiotic susceptibility testing are essential for the effective treatment of these infections.
Bacterial DNA refers to the genetic material found in bacteria. It is composed of a double-stranded helix containing four nucleotide bases - adenine (A), thymine (T), guanine (G), and cytosine (C) - that are linked together by phosphodiester bonds. The sequence of these bases in the DNA molecule carries the genetic information necessary for the growth, development, and reproduction of bacteria.
Bacterial DNA is circular in most bacterial species, although some have linear chromosomes. In addition to the main chromosome, many bacteria also contain small circular pieces of DNA called plasmids that can carry additional genes and provide resistance to antibiotics or other environmental stressors.
Unlike eukaryotic cells, which have their DNA enclosed within a nucleus, bacterial DNA is present in the cytoplasm of the cell, where it is in direct contact with the cell's metabolic machinery. This allows for rapid gene expression and regulation in response to changing environmental conditions.
Fusobacterium is a genus of obligate anaerobic, gram-negative, non-spore forming bacilli that are commonly found as normal flora in the human oral cavity, gastrointestinal tract, and female genital tract. Some species of Fusobacterium have been associated with various clinical infections and diseases, such as periodontal disease, abscesses, bacteremia, endocarditis, and inflammatory bowel disease.
Fusobacterium nucleatum is the most well-known species in this genus and has been extensively studied for its role in various diseases. It is a opportunistic pathogen that can cause severe infections in immunocompromised individuals or when it invades damaged tissues. Fusobacterium necrophorum, another important species, is a leading cause of Lemierre's syndrome, a rare but serious condition characterized by septic thrombophlebitis of the internal jugular vein and metastatic infections.
Fusobacteria are known to have a complex relationship with other microorganisms and host cells, and they can form biofilms that contribute to their virulence and persistence in the host. Further research is needed to fully understand the pathogenic mechanisms of Fusobacterium species and to develop effective strategies for prevention and treatment of Fusobacterium-associated diseases.
A metagenome is the collective genetic material contained within a sample taken from a specific environment, such as soil or water, or within a community of organisms, like the microbiota found in the human gut. It includes the genomes of all the microorganisms present in that environment or community, including bacteria, archaea, fungi, viruses, and other microbes, whether they can be cultured in the lab or not. By analyzing the metagenome, scientists can gain insights into the diversity, abundance, and functional potential of the microbial communities present in that environment.
Gram-negative anaerobic bacteria are a type of bacteria that do not require oxygen to grow and are characterized by their cell wall structure, which does not retain crystal violet dye in the Gram staining procedure. This is because they lack a thick peptidoglycan layer in their cell walls, which is typically stained dark purple in Gram-positive bacteria. Instead, gram-negative bacteria have an outer membrane that contains lipopolysaccharides (LPS), which can be toxic to human cells and contribute to the pathogenicity of these organisms.
Examples of gram-negative anaerobic bacteria include Bacteroides fragilis, Prevotella species, and Porphyromonas species. These bacteria are commonly found in the human mouth, gastrointestinal tract, and genitourinary tract, and can cause a variety of infections, including abscesses, wound infections, and bacteremia.
It's important to note that while gram-negative anaerobic bacteria do not require oxygen to grow, some may still tolerate or even prefer oxygen-rich environments. Therefore, the term "anaerobe" can be somewhat misleading when used to describe these organisms.
Bacteria are single-celled microorganisms that are among the earliest known life forms on Earth. They are typically characterized as having a cell wall and no membrane-bound organelles. The majority of bacteria have a prokaryotic organization, meaning they lack a nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles.
Bacteria exist in diverse environments and can be found in every habitat on Earth, including soil, water, and the bodies of plants and animals. Some bacteria are beneficial to their hosts, while others can cause disease. Beneficial bacteria play important roles in processes such as digestion, nitrogen fixation, and biogeochemical cycling.
Bacteria reproduce asexually through binary fission or budding, and some species can also exchange genetic material through conjugation. They have a wide range of metabolic capabilities, with many using organic compounds as their source of energy, while others are capable of photosynthesis or chemosynthesis.
Bacteria are highly adaptable and can evolve rapidly in response to environmental changes. This has led to the development of antibiotic resistance in some species, which poses a significant public health challenge. Understanding the biology and behavior of bacteria is essential for developing strategies to prevent and treat bacterial infections and diseases.
Succinic acid, also known as butanedioic acid, is an organic compound with the chemical formula HOOC(CH2)2COOH. It is a white crystalline powder that is soluble in water and has a slightly acerbic taste. In medicine, succinic acid is not used as a treatment for any specific condition. However, it is a naturally occurring substance found in the body and plays a role in the citric acid cycle, which is a key process in energy production within cells. It can also be found in some foods and is used in the manufacturing of various products such as pharmaceuticals, resins, and perfumes.
An abscess is a localized collection of pus caused by an infection. It is typically characterized by inflammation, redness, warmth, pain, and swelling in the affected area. Abscesses can form in various parts of the body, including the skin, teeth, lungs, brain, and abdominal organs. They are usually treated with antibiotics to eliminate the infection and may require drainage if they are large or located in a critical area. If left untreated, an abscess can lead to serious complications such as sepsis or organ failure.
Phylogeny is the evolutionary history and relationship among biological entities, such as species or genes, based on their shared characteristics. In other words, it refers to the branching pattern of evolution that shows how various organisms have descended from a common ancestor over time. Phylogenetic analysis involves constructing a tree-like diagram called a phylogenetic tree, which depicts the inferred evolutionary relationships among organisms or genes based on molecular sequence data or other types of characters. This information is crucial for understanding the diversity and distribution of life on Earth, as well as for studying the emergence and spread of diseases.
'Campylobacter rectus' is a gram-negative, rod-shaped bacterium that can cause periodontal disease, an infection and inflammation of the tissues surrounding the teeth. It is normally found in the oral cavity and is associated with periodontitis, a severe form of gum disease. The bacteria are microaerophilic, meaning they require reduced levels of oxygen to grow. Infection with 'Campylobacter rectus' can lead to tissue destruction, bone loss, and potentially systemic infections in individuals with weakened immune systems. Proper oral hygiene and dental care are important in preventing infection and controlling the spread of this bacterium.
Xylans are a type of complex carbohydrate, specifically a hemicellulose, that are found in the cell walls of many plants. They are made up of a backbone of beta-1,4-linked xylose sugar molecules and can be substituted with various side groups such as arabinose, glucuronic acid, and acetyl groups. Xylans are indigestible by humans, but they can be broken down by certain microorganisms in the gut through a process called fermentation, which can produce short-chain fatty acids that have beneficial effects on health.
The rumen is the largest compartment of the stomach in ruminant animals, such as cows, goats, and sheep. It is a specialized fermentation chamber where microbes break down tough plant material into nutrients that the animal can absorb and use for energy and growth. The rumen contains billions of microorganisms, including bacteria, protozoa, and fungi, which help to break down cellulose and other complex carbohydrates in the plant material through fermentation.
The rumen is characterized by its large size, muscular walls, and the presence of a thick mat of partially digested food and microbes called the rumen mat or cud. The animal regurgitates the rumen contents periodically to chew it again, which helps to break down the plant material further and mix it with saliva, creating a more favorable environment for fermentation.
The rumen plays an essential role in the digestion and nutrition of ruminant animals, allowing them to thrive on a diet of low-quality plant material that would be difficult for other animals to digest.
Bacterial vaginosis (BV) is a condition that occurs when there's an imbalance or overgrowth of bacteria in the vagina. It's not technically considered a sexually transmitted infection (STI), but certain activities such as unprotected sex can increase the risk of developing BV. The normal balance of bacteria in the vagina is disrupted, leading to symptoms such as abnormal vaginal discharge with a strong fishy odor, burning during urination, and itching or irritation around the outside of the vagina. Bacterial vaginosis is diagnosed through a pelvic examination and laboratory tests to identify the type of bacteria present in the vagina. Treatment typically involves antibiotics, either in the form of pills or creams that are inserted into the vagina. It's important to seek medical attention if you suspect you have bacterial vaginosis, as it can increase the risk of complications such as pelvic inflammatory disease and preterm labor during pregnancy.
Bacteroidaceae is a family of gram-negative, anaerobic or facultatively anaerobic, non-spore forming bacteria that are commonly found in the human gastrointestinal tract. They are rod-shaped and can vary in size and shape. Bacteroidaceae are important breakdowners of complex carbohydrates and proteins in the gut, and play a significant role in maintaining the health and homeostasis of the intestinal microbiota. Some members of this family can also be opportunistic pathogens and have been associated with various infections and diseases, such as abscesses, bacteremia, and periodontal disease.
Bacterial typing techniques are methods used to identify and differentiate bacterial strains or isolates based on their unique characteristics. These techniques are essential in epidemiological studies, infection control, and research to understand the transmission dynamics, virulence, and antibiotic resistance patterns of bacterial pathogens.
There are various bacterial typing techniques available, including:
1. **Bacteriophage Typing:** This method involves using bacteriophages (viruses that infect bacteria) to identify specific bacterial strains based on their susceptibility or resistance to particular phages.
2. **Serotyping:** It is a technique that differentiates bacterial strains based on the antigenic properties of their cell surface components, such as capsules, flagella, and somatic (O) and flagellar (H) antigens.
3. **Biochemical Testing:** This method uses biochemical reactions to identify specific metabolic pathways or enzymes present in bacterial strains, which can be used for differentiation. Commonly used tests include the catalase test, oxidase test, and various sugar fermentation tests.
4. **Molecular Typing Techniques:** These methods use genetic markers to identify and differentiate bacterial strains at the DNA level. Examples of molecular typing techniques include:
* **Pulsed-Field Gel Electrophoresis (PFGE):** This method uses restriction enzymes to digest bacterial DNA, followed by electrophoresis in an agarose gel under pulsed electrical fields. The resulting banding patterns are analyzed and compared to identify related strains.
* **Multilocus Sequence Typing (MLST):** It involves sequencing specific housekeeping genes to generate unique sequence types that can be used for strain identification and phylogenetic analysis.
* **Whole Genome Sequencing (WGS):** This method sequences the entire genome of a bacterial strain, providing the most detailed information on genetic variation and relatedness between strains. WGS data can be analyzed using various bioinformatics tools to identify single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), gene deletions or insertions, and other genetic changes that can be used for strain differentiation.
These molecular typing techniques provide higher resolution than traditional methods, allowing for more accurate identification and comparison of bacterial strains. They are particularly useful in epidemiological investigations to track the spread of pathogens and identify outbreaks.
Cellobiose is a disaccharide made up of two molecules of glucose joined by a β-1,4-glycosidic bond. It is formed when cellulose or beta-glucans are hydrolyzed, and it can be further broken down into its component glucose molecules by the action of the enzyme beta-glucosidase. Cellobiose has a sweet taste, but it is not as sweet as sucrose (table sugar). It is used in some industrial processes and may have potential applications in the food industry.
Paronychia is a medical condition that refers to an infection around the nail fold, which is the skin located at the sides and the base of the fingernail or toenail. It can be caused by bacteria, fungi, or sometimes even viruses. Paronychia can be acute (sudden onset, often due to bacterial infection) or chronic (persistent, often due to yeast or fungal infection). Symptoms may include redness, swelling, pain, pus-filled blisters, and in severe cases, destruction of the nail plate. Treatment typically involves antibiotics for bacterial infections, antifungal medications for fungal infections, warm soaks, and sometimes drainage of pus if necessary.
A lung abscess is a localized collection of pus in the lung parenchyma caused by an infectious process, often due to bacterial infection. It's characterized by necrosis and liquefaction of pulmonary tissue, resulting in a cavity filled with purulent material. The condition can develop as a complication of community-acquired or nosocomial pneumonia, aspiration of oral secretions containing anaerobic bacteria, septic embolism, or contiguous spread from a nearby infected site.
Symptoms may include cough with foul-smelling sputum, chest pain, fever, weight loss, and fatigue. Diagnosis typically involves imaging techniques such as chest X-ray or CT scan, along with microbiological examination of the sputum to identify the causative organism(s). Treatment often includes antibiotic therapy tailored to the identified pathogen(s), as well as supportive care such as bronchoscopy, drainage, or surgery in severe cases.
Aspiration pneumonia is a type of pneumonia that occurs when foreign materials such as food, liquid, or vomit enter the lungs, resulting in inflammation or infection. It typically happens when a person inhales these materials involuntarily due to impaired swallowing mechanisms, which can be caused by various conditions such as stroke, dementia, Parkinson's disease, or general anesthesia. The inhalation of foreign materials can cause bacterial growth in the lungs, leading to symptoms like cough, chest pain, fever, and difficulty breathing. Aspiration pneumonia can be a serious medical condition, particularly in older adults or individuals with weakened immune systems, and may require hospitalization and antibiotic treatment.
An encyclopedia is a comprehensive reference work containing articles on various topics, usually arranged in alphabetical order. In the context of medicine, a medical encyclopedia is a collection of articles that provide information about a wide range of medical topics, including diseases and conditions, treatments, tests, procedures, and anatomy and physiology. Medical encyclopedias may be published in print or electronic formats and are often used as a starting point for researching medical topics. They can provide reliable and accurate information on medical subjects, making them useful resources for healthcare professionals, students, and patients alike. Some well-known examples of medical encyclopedias include the Merck Manual and the Stedman's Medical Dictionary.
Prevotella
Prevotella nigrescens
Prevotella bivia
Prevotella bryantii
Prevotella brevis
Prevotella intermedia
Prevotella melaninogenica
Prevotella albensis
Prevotella-2 RNA motif
Dental plaque
Bacteroidota
Pradofloxacin
Biovar
Vaginal flora
Alloprevotella tannerae
bacter
Anaerobic infection
Pelvic inflammatory disease
Porphyromonas
Syntrophococcus sucromutans
Coprococcus eutactus
LysM RNA motifs
Debridement (dental)
Enterotype
Fusobacterium
Prevotellaceae
Animal attack
James B. Adams (professor)
Peritonsillar abscess
Campylobacter rectus
Prevotella - Wikipedia
Prevotella corporis Z273, titered (1 mL) | Purchase your Parainfluenza Products From ZeptoMetrix
Prevotella sp. (PREVSP)[Overview]| EPPO Global Database
Positive Tested Species Reactivity: C.-elegans, Prevotella-intermedia
Prevotella intermedia stimulates tissue-type plasminogen activator and plasminogen activator inhibitor-2 expression via...
Prevotella oris
Prevotella histicola
Prevotella melaninogenica - WikEM
Prevotella saccharolytica | SeqCode Registry
HOMD ::species::Prevotella salivae
Dental Abscess Organism-Specific Therapy: Overview, Specific Organisms and Therapeutic Regimens (Adults), Specific Organisms...
Isotype: -kappa-light-chain, MIgG2a, RIgG1, Positive Tested Species Reactivity: Prevotella-nigrescens, Rat
Porphyromonas pasteri and Prevotella nanceiensis in the sputum microbiota are associated with increased decline in lung...
Prevotella | Johns Hopkins ABX Guide
Prevotella nigrescens (ATCC 33563) | The Antimicrobial Index Knowledgebase - TOKU-E
Prevalence of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Porphyromonas gingivalis and Prevotella intermedia on different population...
Ureaplasma and Prevotella colonization with Lactobacillus abundance during pregnancy facilitates term birth<...
Bacteroides melaninogenicus - GlobalRPH
Mucinases and sialidases: their role in the pathogenesis of sexually transmitted infections in the female genital tract |...
Table 4 - Bacterial Pathogens Associated with Hidradenitis Suppurativa, France - Volume 20, Number 12-December 2014 - Emerging...
Bacterial Tracheitis Clinical Presentation: History, Physical, Causes
Biomedicines | Free Full-Text | Effects of Antibiotics upon the Gut Microbiome: A Review of the Literature
Association of Distinct Fine Specificities of Anti-Citrullinated Peptide Antibodies With Elevated Immune Responses to...
As yet uncultured bacteria phylogenetically classified as Prevotella, Lachnospiraceae incertae sedis and unclassified...
Gardnerella vaginalis and Prevotella bivia Trigger Distinct and Overlapping Phenotypes in a Mouse Model of Bacterial Vaginosis<...
Growth Curve Analysis and the Influence of the Chemopreventive Agent Curcumin on the Bacteria Prevotella Melaninogenica and...
DailyMed - CLINDAMYCIN HYDROCHLORIDE capsule
DailyMed - AZITHROMYCIN DIHYDRATE tablet
Bacteroides13
- The human gut is mainly inhabited by two phyla of bacteria-Bacillota and Bacteroidota, the latter mostly dominated by Bacteroides and Prevotella genera. (wikipedia.org)
- Prevotella and Bacteroides are thought to have had a common ancestor. (wikipedia.org)
- For example, Bacteroides melaninogenicus has been reclassified and split into Prevotella melaninogenica and Prevotella intermedia. (wikipedia.org)
- Either Prevotella or Bacteroides dominate the gut and may be antagonistic. (wikipedia.org)
- Long-term diet is reported to be associated with gut microbiome composition-those who eat protein and animal fats have predominantly Bacteroides bacteria, while those who consume more carbohydrates, especially fibre, feature Prevotella species. (wikipedia.org)
- Organism-specific therapeutic regimens for dental abscess are provided below, including those for Fusobacterium , Bacteroides , Prevotella , Peptostreptococcus , Streptococcus , and Actinomyces . (medscape.com)
- The Prevotella/Bacteroides ratio was higher in responders than non-responders after BKB. (scilifelab.se)
- Bacterial organisms from species called Bacteroides and Prevotella are anaerobic. (healthychildren.org)
- Cultures can be collected and sent to the laboratory to identify and confirm the organisms responsible for the infection, determining whether Bacteroides or Prevotella species are involved. (healthychildren.org)
- Large families of bacteria found in the human gut include Prevotella , Ruminococcus , Bacteroides , and Firmicutes . (harvard.edu)
- Notably, the most prominent bacterial phyla are Bacteroides, Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, and Actinobacteria , and the Prevotella, Veillonella, but Streptococcus and Pseudomonas were also commonly isolated bacterial genera in the respiratory samples of TB patients and controls. (springer.com)
- the most commonly isolated anaerobes are various species of Fusobacterium, Bacteroides, Porphyromonas, and Prevotella. (cdc.gov)
- Los organismos de este género originalmente se clasificaron como miembros del género BACTEROIDES pero hallazgos bioquímicos y químicos en 1990 indicaron la necesidad de separarlos de otras especies de Bacteroides y, por ello se estableció este nuevo género. (bvsalud.org)
Intermedia1
- The present cross-sectional study aimed to verify the prevalence of three periodontal pathogens, Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Prevotella intermedia, on different groups, with and without teeth. (bvsalud.org)
Species4
- Prevotella is a large genus with high species diversity and high genetic diversity across strains. (wikipedia.org)
- Prevotella species may be commensal in the vagina, though increased abundance of Prevotella in vaginal mucosa is associated with bacterial vaginosis. (wikipedia.org)
- Prevotella mizrahii is the correct name if this species is regarded as a separate species (i.e., if its nomenclatural type is not assigned to another species whose name is validly published, legitimate and not rejected and has priority) within a separate genus Prevotella . (dsmz.de)
- Cultures grew Streptococcus milleri and anaerobes (Prevotella species). (medscape.com)
Bacteria6
- Prevotella is a genus of Gram-negative bacteria. (wikipedia.org)
- In a study of gut bacteria of children in Burkina Faso, Prevotella made up 53% of the gut bacteria but were absent in age-matched European children. (wikipedia.org)
- The bacteria colonies that caused the most damage was Veillonella, Prevotella, and Streptococcus bacteria, all of which are more readily cultivated in a mask. (naturalnews.com)
- Tumor progression was associated with the enrichment of Veillonella, Prevotella, Streptococcus, and Rothia bacteria. (naturalnews.com)
- Studies show increased growth of bacteria like Fusobacterium, Prevotella, and Porphyromonas following extraction. (cdhp.org)
- In 2014, the MetaHIT consortium by bacteria of the genera Lacto- alytical method used: 66 from 16S published an integrated catalogue bacillus , Prevotella , and Sneathia , rDNA sequencing [11] or 57 from of 10 million bacterial genes de- whereas for infants delivered by whole-metagenome sequencing [5]. (who.int)
Streptococcus3
- The genus level analysis noted that Streptococcus (35.01%), Neisseria (27.1%), Prevotella (9.02%) and Veillonella (7.8%) were abundant in TB patients. (springer.com)
- The Prevotella (36.9%) , Gammaproteobacteria (22%), Streptococcus (19.2%) and Haemophilus (15.4%) were largely seen in healthy controls. (springer.com)
- In contrast, other taxa including Prevotella, Streptococcus, Rothia and Veillonella were abundant in nearly all patient samples. (nih.gov)
Copri5
- Genome analysis of Prevotella copri showed it was deficient in the ability to degrade host glycans and is more genetically equipped for plant glycan degradation. (wikipedia.org)
- Some studies have linked abnormal levels of Prevotella copri and rheumatoid arthritis. (wikipedia.org)
- Prevotella albensis Prevotella amnii Prevotella bergensis Prevotella bivia Prevotella brevis Prevotella bryantii Prevotella buccae Prevotella buccalis Prevotella copri Prevotella dentalis Prevotella denticola Prevotella disiens Prevotella histicola Prevotella intermedia Prevotella maculosa Prevotella marshii Prevotella melaninogenica Prevotella micans Prevotella multiformis Prevotella nigrescens Prevotella oralis Prevotella oris Prevotella oulorum Prevotella pallens Prevotella salivae Prevotella stercorea Prevotella timonensis Prevotella veroralis Enterotype List of bacterial vaginosis microbiota Tanaka S, Yoshida M, Murakami Y, et al. (wikipedia.org)
- Metagenomic analysis showed that the gut microbiota of responders was enriched in Prevotella copri and had increased potential to ferment complex polysaccharides after BKB. (scilifelab.se)
- Expansion of intestinal Prevotella copri correlates with enhanced susceptibility to arthritis. (uveitis.org)
Buccae2
- We report an unusual case of a patient with Prevotella buccae bacteremia and we have conducted a short review of the literature on prior reports of P. buccae bacteremia. (medindiajournal.com)
- is extremely rare and to date, only a few cases have been reported in the literature with Prevotella buccae infection. (medindiajournal.com)
Nigrescens1
- This study was conducted using a Prevotella nigrescens biofilm model to determine the relative contributions of these factors to biofilm tenacity. (umich.edu)
Bivia1
- citation needed] Prevotella bivia produces lipopolysaccharides and ammonia that are part of vaginal mucus. (wikipedia.org)
Bryantii1
- Prevotella bryantii sp. (springer.com)
Stercorea1
- In contrast, the bacterium Prevotella stercorea was associated with favourable clinical outcomes. (eurekalert.org)
Ruminicola2
- Avgustin G, Wallace RJ and Flint HJ 1997 Phenotypic diversity among ruminal isolates of Prevotella ruminicola: proposal of Prevotella brevis sp. (springer.com)
- nov. and redefinition of Prevotella ruminicola. (springer.com)
Genus2
- They Highlight how genomic methods have contributed to the understanding of this enigmatic genus and how future research can further resolve the ecological role of Prevotella in the human microbiome. (univie.ac.at)
- The analysis revealed that microbes in the genus Prevotella were present in a higher relative abundance in participants with mild cognitive impairment than those with no cognitive impairment. (gulfnews.com)
Microbiota2
- Thus, changes in the Prevotella microbiota may be related to the development of osteomyelitis. (wikipedia.org)
- Finally, germ-free mice transplanted with microbiota from responder human donors exhibited improved glucose metabolism and increased abundance of Prevotella and liver glycogen content compared with germ-free mice that received non-responder microbiota. (scilifelab.se)
Microbiome1
- Prevotella is the most heritable bacterial group in vaginal microbiome and its abundance is linked to body mass index and hormonal milieu. (wikipedia.org)
Tannerae1
- Two kinds of microbes found in the mouth, Neisseria and Prevotella tannerae , were also relatively highly abundant in the placenta. (livescience.com)
Loescheii1
- The purpose of this paper is to report a case of Prevotella loescheii bacteremic skin and soft tissue infection and review the literature. (medscape.com)
Abundance3
- Dietary Fiber-Induced Improvement in Glucose Metabolism Is Associated with Increased Abundance of Prevotella. (scilifelab.se)
- Adrian Tett of CUBE comes together with collaborators Edoardo Pasolli, Giulia Masetti, Danilo Ercolini and Nicola Segata to discuss Prevotella diversity, prevalence and abundance with the human host, and evidence the role of Prevotella in both health and disease. (univie.ac.at)
- For study participants who had mild cognitive impairment and received the LGG probiotics, the Prevotella relative abundance decreased. (gulfnews.com)
Bloodstream1
- Approximately 70% and 30% of Prevotella are resistant to penicillin and clindamycin, respectively, while resistance to amoxicillin/clavulanate and metronidazole is reported in less than 10% of the clinical strains responsible for bloodstream infections in humans. (wikipedia.org)
Commensal1
- Prevotella , a Gram-negative rod, is a normal commensal found on human mucosal surfaces. (medindiajournal.com)
Infection1
- While infection with Prevotella spp. (medindiajournal.com)
Lactobacillus2
- An overgrowth of Prevotella and a reduction of Lactobacillus correlated with the onset of osteomyelitis in mice. (wikipedia.org)
- The reduction of Prevotella in model mice led to an increase of Lactobacillus showing a protection effect against osteomyelitis. (wikipedia.org)
Ratio1
- Based on analysis of a previously published study, we investigated the hypothesis that interaction between diet, Prevotella -to- Bacteriodes ratio (P/B ratio), and AMY1 CN influence weight change. (ku.dk)
Gene1
- Prevotella derived from humans expresses a diverse gene pool. (wikipedia.org)
Common1
- Prevotella is more common in non-Westernised populations consuming a plant-rich diet. (wikipedia.org)
Role1
- Our findings indicate that Prevotella plays a role in the BKB-induced improvement in glucose metabolism observed in certain individuals, potentially by promoting increased glycogen storage. (scilifelab.se)