AnatomyOrganismsDiseasesChemicals and DrugsAnalytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and EquipmentPhenomena and ProcessesHealth Care
GallstonesCholelithiasisGallbladderCholecystectomyBileCholecystolithiasisIleusBile PigmentsCholecystectomy, LaparoscopicGallbladder DiseasesGallbladder EmptyingCholecystographyCholesterolUrsodeoxycholic AcidBile Acids and SaltsCholecystitisChenodeoxycholic AcidPancreatitisBiliary FistulaBilirubinGallbladder NeoplasmsCommon Bile DuctCholecystitis, AcuteCholangiographyBiliary TractCholangiopancreatography, Endoscopic RetrogradeCalcium CarbonateIntestinal ObstructionCholedocholithiasisIntestinal FistulaCholagogues and CholereticsCholic AcidsBiliary Tract NeoplasmsAbdominal AbscessLithotripsyDysbiosisCholesterol, DietarySubphrenic AbscessLithocholic AcidBiliary Tract DiseasesSciuridaeCholangitisSigmoid DiseasesIleal DiseasesCholic AcidCholesterol 7-alpha-HydroxylaseDuodenal ObstructionCrystallizationLecithinsLipidsGilbert DiseasePhospholipidsGastric Outlet ObstructionPolypsLiverReceptor, Cholecystokinin AJejunal DiseasesDuodenal DiseasesPigments, BiologicalBile Duct DiseasesCystic DuctRisk FactorsHydroxymethylglutaryl CoA ReductasesCommon Bile Duct DiseasesAcute Disease
Gallstones: Solid crystalline precipitates in the BILIARY TRACT, usually formed in the GALLBLADDER, resulting in the condition of CHOLELITHIASIS. Gallstones, derived from the BILE, consist mainly of calcium, cholesterol, or bilirubin.Cholelithiasis: Presence or formation of GALLSTONES in the BILIARY TRACT, usually in the gallbladder (CHOLECYSTOLITHIASIS) or the common bile duct (CHOLEDOCHOLITHIASIS).Gallbladder: A storage reservoir for BILE secretion. Gallbladder allows the delivery of bile acids at a high concentration and in a controlled manner, via the CYSTIC DUCT to the DUODENUM, for degradation of dietary lipid.Cholecystectomy: Surgical removal of the GALLBLADDER.Bile: An emulsifying agent produced in the LIVER and secreted into the DUODENUM. Its composition includes BILE ACIDS AND SALTS; CHOLESTEROL; and ELECTROLYTES. It aids DIGESTION of fats in the duodenum.Cholecystolithiasis: Presence or formation of GALLSTONES in the GALLBLADDER.Ileus: A condition caused by the lack of intestinal PERISTALSIS or INTESTINAL MOTILITY without any mechanical obstruction. This interference of the flow of INTESTINAL CONTENTS often leads to INTESTINAL OBSTRUCTION. Ileus may be classified into postoperative, inflammatory, metabolic, neurogenic, and drug-induced.Bile Pigments: Linear TETRAPYRROLES that give a characteristic color to BILE including: BILIRUBIN; BILIVERDIN; and bilicyanin.Cholecystectomy, Laparoscopic: Excision of the gallbladder through an abdominal incision using a laparoscope.Gallbladder Diseases: Diseases of the GALLBLADDER. They generally involve the impairment of BILE flow, GALLSTONES in the BILIARY TRACT, infections, neoplasms, or other diseases.Gallbladder Emptying: A process whereby bile is delivered from the gallbladder into the duodenum. The emptying is caused by both contraction of the gallbladder and relaxation of the sphincter mechanism at the choledochal terminus.Cholecystography: Radiography of the gallbladder after ingestion of a contrast medium.Cholesterol: The principal sterol of all higher animals, distributed in body tissues, especially the brain and spinal cord, and in animal fats and oils.Ursodeoxycholic Acid: An epimer of chenodeoxycholic acid. It is a mammalian bile acid found first in the bear and is apparently either a precursor or a product of chenodeoxycholate. Its administration changes the composition of bile and may dissolve gallstones. It is used as a cholagogue and choleretic.Bile Acids and Salts: Steroid acids and salts. The primary bile acids are derived from cholesterol in the liver and usually conjugated with glycine or taurine. The secondary bile acids are further modified by bacteria in the intestine. They play an important role in the digestion and absorption of fat. They have also been used pharmacologically, especially in the treatment of gallstones.Cholecystitis: Inflammation of the GALLBLADDER; generally caused by impairment of BILE flow, GALLSTONES in the BILIARY TRACT, infections, or other diseases.Chenodeoxycholic Acid: A bile acid, usually conjugated with either glycine or taurine. It acts as a detergent to solubilize fats for intestinal absorption and is reabsorbed by the small intestine. It is used as cholagogue, a choleretic laxative, and to prevent or dissolve gallstones.Pancreatitis: INFLAMMATION of the PANCREAS. Pancreatitis is classified as acute unless there are computed tomographic or endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatographic findings of CHRONIC PANCREATITIS (International Symposium on Acute Pancreatitis, Atlanta, 1992). The two most common forms of acute pancreatitis are ALCOHOLIC PANCREATITIS and gallstone pancreatitis.Biliary Fistula: Abnormal passage in any organ of the biliary tract or between biliary organs and other organs.Bilirubin: A bile pigment that is a degradation product of HEME.Gallbladder Neoplasms: Tumors or cancer of the gallbladder.Common Bile Duct: The largest bile duct. It is formed by the junction of the CYSTIC DUCT and the COMMON HEPATIC DUCT.Cholecystitis, Acute: Acute inflammation of the GALLBLADDER wall. It is characterized by the presence of ABDOMINAL PAIN; FEVER; and LEUKOCYTOSIS. Gallstone obstruction of the CYSTIC DUCT is present in approximately 90% of the cases.Cholangiography: An imaging test of the BILIARY TRACT in which a contrast dye (RADIOPAQUE MEDIA) is injected into the BILE DUCT and x-ray pictures are taken.Biliary Tract: The BILE DUCTS and the GALLBLADDER.Cholangiopancreatography, Endoscopic Retrograde: Fiberoptic endoscopy designed for duodenal observation and cannulation of VATER'S AMPULLA, in order to visualize the pancreatic and biliary duct system by retrograde injection of contrast media. Endoscopic (Vater) papillotomy (SPHINCTEROTOMY, ENDOSCOPIC) may be performed during this procedure.Calcium Carbonate: Carbonic acid calcium salt (CaCO3). An odorless, tasteless powder or crystal that occurs in nature. It is used therapeutically as a phosphate buffer in hemodialysis patients and as a calcium supplement.Intestinal Obstruction: Any impairment, arrest, or reversal of the normal flow of INTESTINAL CONTENTS toward the ANAL CANAL.Choledocholithiasis: Presence or formation of GALLSTONES in the COMMON BILE DUCT.Intestinal Fistula: An abnormal anatomical passage between the INTESTINE, and another segment of the intestine or other organs. External intestinal fistula is connected to the SKIN (enterocutaneous fistula). Internal intestinal fistula can be connected to a number of organs, such as STOMACH (gastrocolic fistula), the BILIARY TRACT (cholecystoduodenal fistula), or the URINARY BLADDER of the URINARY TRACT (colovesical fistula). Risk factors include inflammatory processes, cancer, radiation treatment, and surgical misadventures (MEDICAL ERRORS).Cholagogues and Choleretics: Gastrointestinal agents that stimulate the flow of bile into the duodenum (cholagogues) or stimulate the production of bile by the liver (choleretic).Cholic Acids: The 3 alpha,7 alpha,12 alpha-trihydroxy-5 beta-cholanic acid family of bile acids in man, usually conjugated with glycine or taurine. They act as detergents to solubilize fats for intestinal absorption, are reabsorbed by the small intestine, and are used as cholagogues and choleretics.Biliary Tract Neoplasms: Tumors or cancer in the BILIARY TRACT including the BILE DUCTS and the GALLBLADDER.Abdominal Abscess: An abscess located in the abdominal cavity, i.e., the cavity between the diaphragm above and the pelvis below. (From Dorland, 27th ed)Lithotripsy: The destruction of a calculus of the kidney, ureter, bladder, or gallbladder by physical forces, including crushing with a lithotriptor through a catheter. Focused percutaneous ultrasound and focused hydraulic shock waves may be used without surgery. Lithotripsy does not include the dissolving of stones by acids or litholysis. Lithotripsy by laser is LITHOTRIPSY, LASER.Dysbiosis: Changes in quantitative and qualitative composition of MICROBIOTA. The changes may lead to altered host microbial interaction or homeostatic imbalance that can contribute to a disease state often with inflammation.Cholesterol, Dietary: Cholesterol present in food, especially in animal products.Subphrenic Abscess: Accumulation of purulent EXUDATES beneath the DIAPHRAGM, also known as upper abdominal abscess. It is usually associated with PERITONITIS or postoperative infections.Lithocholic Acid: A bile acid formed from chenodeoxycholate by bacterial action, usually conjugated with glycine or taurine. It acts as a detergent to solubilize fats for absorption and is itself absorbed. It is used as cholagogue and choleretic.Biliary Tract Diseases: Diseases in any part of the BILIARY TRACT including the BILE DUCTS and the GALLBLADDER.Sciuridae: A family of the order Rodentia which contains 49 genera. Some of the more common genera are MARMOTA, which includes the marmot and woodchuck; Sciurus, the gray squirrel, S. carolinensis, and the fox squirrel, S. niger; Tamias, the eastern and western chipmunk; and Tamiasciurus, the red squirrel. The flying squirrels, except the scaly-tailed Anomaluridae, also belong to this family.Cholangitis: Inflammation of the biliary ductal system (BILE DUCTS); intrahepatic, extrahepatic, or both.Sigmoid Diseases: Pathological processes in the SIGMOID COLON region of the large intestine (INTESTINE, LARGE).Ileal Diseases: Pathological development in the ILEUM including the ILEOCECAL VALVE.Cholic Acid: A major primary bile acid produced in the liver and usually conjugated with glycine or taurine. It facilitates fat absorption and cholesterol excretion.Cholesterol 7-alpha-Hydroxylase: A membrane-bound cytochrome P450 enzyme that catalyzes the 7-alpha-hydroxylation of CHOLESTEROL in the presence of molecular oxygen and NADPH-FERRIHEMOPROTEIN REDUCTASE. This enzyme, encoded by CYP7, converts cholesterol to 7-alpha-hydroxycholesterol which is the first and rate-limiting step in the synthesis of BILE ACIDS.Duodenal Obstruction: Hindrance of the passage of luminal contents in the DUODENUM. Duodenal obstruction can be partial or complete, and caused by intrinsic or extrinsic factors. Simple obstruction is associated with diminished or stopped flow of luminal contents. Strangulating obstruction is associated with impaired blood flow to the duodenum in addition to obstructed flow of luminal contents.Crystallization: The formation of crystalline substances from solutions or melts. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)Lecithins: A complex mixture of PHOSPHOLIPIDS; GLYCOLIPIDS; and TRIGLYCERIDES; with substantial amounts of PHOSPHATIDYLCHOLINES; PHOSPHATIDYLETHANOLAMINES; and PHOSPHATIDYLINOSITOLS, which are sometimes loosely termed as 1,2-diacyl-3-phosphocholines. Lecithin is a component of the CELL MEMBRANE and commercially extracted from SOYBEANS and EGG YOLK. The emulsifying and surfactant properties are useful in FOOD ADDITIVES and for forming organogels (GELS).Lipids: A generic term for fats and lipoids, the alcohol-ether-soluble constituents of protoplasm, which are insoluble in water. They comprise the fats, fatty oils, essential oils, waxes, phospholipids, glycolipids, sulfolipids, aminolipids, chromolipids (lipochromes), and fatty acids. (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)Gilbert Disease: A benign familial disorder, transmitted as an autosomal dominant trait. It is characterized by low-grade chronic hyperbilirubinemia with considerable daily fluctuations of the bilirubin level.Phospholipids: Lipids containing one or more phosphate groups, particularly those derived from either glycerol (phosphoglycerides see GLYCEROPHOSPHOLIPIDS) or sphingosine (SPHINGOLIPIDS). They are polar lipids that are of great importance for the structure and function of cell membranes and are the most abundant of membrane lipids, although not stored in large amounts in the system.Gastric Outlet Obstruction: The hindering of output from the STOMACH into the SMALL INTESTINE. This obstruction may be of mechanical or functional origin such as EDEMA from PEPTIC ULCER; NEOPLASMS; FOREIGN BODIES; or AGING.Polyps: Discrete abnormal tissue masses that protrude into the lumen of the DIGESTIVE TRACT or the RESPIRATORY TRACT. Polyps can be spheroidal, hemispheroidal, or irregular mound-shaped structures attached to the MUCOUS MEMBRANE of the lumen wall either by a stalk, pedunculus, or by a broad base.Liver: A large lobed glandular organ in the abdomen of vertebrates that is responsible for detoxification, metabolism, synthesis and storage of various substances.Receptor, Cholecystokinin A: A subtype of cholecystokinin receptor found primarily in the PANCREAS; STOMACH; INTESTINE; and GALLBLADDER. It plays a role in regulating digestive functions such as gallbladder contraction, pancreatic enzyme secretion and absorption in the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT.Jejunal Diseases: Pathological development in the JEJUNUM region of the SMALL INTESTINE.Duodenal Diseases: Pathological conditions in the DUODENUM region of the small intestine (INTESTINE, SMALL).Pigments, Biological: Any normal or abnormal coloring matter in PLANTS; ANIMALS or micro-organisms.Bile Duct Diseases: Diseases in any part of the ductal system of the BILIARY TRACT from the smallest BILE CANALICULI to the largest COMMON BILE DUCT.Cystic Duct: The duct that is connected to the GALLBLADDER and allows the emptying of bile into the COMMON BILE DUCT.Risk Factors: An aspect of personal behavior or lifestyle, environmental exposure, or inborn or inherited characteristic, which, on the basis of epidemiologic evidence, is known to be associated with a health-related condition considered important to prevent.Hydroxymethylglutaryl CoA Reductases: Enzymes that catalyze the reversible reduction of alpha-carboxyl group of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A to yield MEVALONIC ACID.Common Bile Duct Diseases: Diseases of the COMMON BILE DUCT including the AMPULLA OF VATER and the SPHINCTER OF ODDI.Acute Disease: Disease having a short and relatively severe course.
AnatomyOrganismsDiseasesChemicals and DrugsAnalytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and EquipmentPhenomena and ProcessesHealth Care
GallstonesCholelithiasisGallbladderCholecystectomyBileCholecystolithiasisIleusBile PigmentsCholecystectomy, LaparoscopicGallbladder DiseasesGallbladder EmptyingCholecystographyCholesterolUrsodeoxycholic AcidBile Acids and SaltsCholecystitisChenodeoxycholic AcidPancreatitisBiliary FistulaBilirubinGallbladder NeoplasmsCommon Bile DuctCholecystitis, AcuteCholangiographyBiliary TractCholangiopancreatography, Endoscopic RetrogradeCalcium CarbonateIntestinal ObstructionCholedocholithiasisIntestinal FistulaCholagogues and CholereticsCholic AcidsBiliary Tract NeoplasmsAbdominal AbscessLithotripsyDysbiosisCholesterol, DietarySubphrenic AbscessLithocholic AcidBiliary Tract DiseasesSciuridaeCholangitisSigmoid DiseasesIleal DiseasesCholic AcidCholesterol 7-alpha-HydroxylaseDuodenal ObstructionCrystallizationLecithinsLipidsGilbert DiseasePhospholipidsGastric Outlet ObstructionPolypsLiverReceptor, Cholecystokinin AJejunal DiseasesDuodenal DiseasesPigments, BiologicalBile Duct DiseasesCystic DuctRisk FactorsHydroxymethylglutaryl CoA ReductasesCommon Bile Duct DiseasesAcute Disease
CholangiocarcinomaCholangiocarcinoma
The presence of gallstones (cholelithiasis) is not clearly associated with cholangiocarcinoma. However, intrahepatic stones ( ... They are often surrounded by a brisk fibrotic or desmoplastic tissue response; in the presence of extensive fibrosis, it can be ...
HepatolithiasisHepatolithiasis
... is the presence of gallstones in the biliary ducts of the liver. Treatment is usually surgical. It is rare in ... The gallstones can cause more serious conditions like fibrinolys disorder or gallstone pancreatitis. * Shoda J, Tanaka N, Osuga ... The gallstones are normally found proximal to the left and right hepatic ducts. The causes of the disease are poorly understood ... Some patients have these gallstones with no symptoms and the disease is only detected through abdominal imaging. For those with ...
Emergency ultrasoundEmergency ultrasound
Bedside ultrasound assesses the gallbladder for presence of gallstones that cause the majority of gallbladder illness. ... A bedside ultrasound can determine the presence or absence of blood clots and their location in the proximal lower extremity to ...
Gallbladder polypGallbladder polyp
The causes are uncertain, but there is a definite correlation with increasing age and the presence of gallstones ( ... Polyps larger than 1 cm with co-occurring gallstones occurring in people over the age of 50 may have the gallbladder removed ( ...
Biliary colicBiliary colic
However, the presence of gallstones is a frequent incidental finding and does not always necessitate treatment, in the absence ... Presence of infection indicates cholecystitis. It is unclear whether those experiencing a gallstone attack should receive ... The gold standard imaging modality for the presence of gallstones is ultrasound of the right upper quadrant. There are many ... Treatment of biliary colic is dictated by the underlying cause.[citation needed] The presence of gallstones, usually visualized ...
CholecystectomyCholecystectomy
... and may or may not involve the presence of gall stones. The main risk factor for gallbladder is cancer is the presences of ... gallstones, >80% of people with gallbladder cancer have gallstones. Although gallstones are identified in gallbladder cancer, ... It is also used to prevent the relapse of pancreatitis that is caused by gall stones that block the common bile duct. There are ... Additionally, there can be serious complications of cholecystectomy, such as bile duct injury, retained or dropped gall stones ...
William OslerWilliam Osler
... due to the presence in Vater's diverticulum of a free-moving gallstone which is larger than the orifice. Osler's triad: ...
Gastrointestinal cancerGastrointestinal cancer
Gallbladder cancer is strongly associated with gallstones, a porcelain gallbladder appearance on ultrasound, and the presence ... Its presence is associated with an increased risk of cancers affecting the other parts of the digestive system. It is usually ...
Pancreatic ductPancreatic duct
The most common cause for obstruction is the presence of gallstones in the common bile duct, a condition called ... A gallstone may get lodged in the constricted distal end of the ampulla of Vater, where it blocks the flow of both bile and ...
Common bile duct stoneCommon bile duct stone
... , also known as choledocholithiasis, is the presence of gallstones in the common bile duct (thus ... If the patient must have the gallbladder removed for gallstones, the surgeon may choose to proceed with the surgery, and obtain ... Treatment involves an operation called a choledocholithotomy, which is the removal of the gallstone from the bile duct using ... Greater than 70% of people with gallstones are asymptomatic and are found incidentally on ultrasound. Studies have shown that ...
BileBile
Cholesterol gallstones are generally treated through surgical removal of the gallbladder. However, they can sometimes be ... Bile may be forced into the stomach secondary to a weakened valve (pylorus), the presence of certain drugs including alcohol, ... "Gallstones - NHS Choices". www.nhs.uk. Retrieved 2016-06-05. Johansson, Ingvar; Lynøe, Niels (2008). Medicine & Philosophy: A ... These foods can cause gallstones. Primarily, biliary obstruction is caused by blockage in the bile ducts. Bile ducts carry bile ...
Human digestive systemHuman digestive system
The presence of salivary lipase is of prime importance in young babies whose pancreatic lipase has yet to be developed. As well ... This is how gallstones form when a small piece of calcium gets coated with either cholesterol or bilirubin and the bile ... The production of CCK (by endocrine cells of the duodenum) is stimulated by the presence of fat in the duodenum. It is divided ... Also of importance is the presence in saliva of the digestive enzymes amylase and lipase. Amylase starts to work on the starch ...
Xin ZhuiXin Zhui
The presence of food in her stomach also indicates that she died within two to three hours after eating the melon. After ... She also suffered from gallstones, one of which lodged in her bile duct and further deteriorated her condition. A total of 138 ...
Gallbladder cancerGallbladder cancer
... and the swelling is unlikely due to gallstones due to the chronic inflammation association with gallstones leading to a shunken ... Of note, Courvoisier's law states that in the presence of a palpably enlarged gallbladder which is nontender and accompanied ... December 2007). "Gallstones and the risk of biliary tract cancer: a population-based study in China". Br. J. Cancer. 97 (11): ... It is a rare cancer that is thought to be related to gallstones building up, which also can lead to calcification of the ...
Primary sclerosing cholangitisPrimary sclerosing cholangitis
Of note, the presence of colitis appears to be associated with a greater risk of liver disease progression and bile duct cancer ... Various forms of gallbladder disease such as gallstones and gallbladder polyps are also common in those with PSC. Approximately ... most often in the presence of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). PSC progresses slowly and is often asymptomatic, so it can be ... 25% of people with PSC have gallstones. Ultrasound surveillance of the gallbladder every year is recommended for people with ...
Recurrent pyogenic cholangitisRecurrent pyogenic cholangitis
In RPC the gallstones found within the biliary system are calcium bilirubinate stones or pigmented calcium stones. Calcium ... In addition to the presence of these friable concretions of various shapes and sizes within the biliary tree, the bile is often ...
Hemolytic anemiaHemolytic anemia
Chronic hemolysis leads to an increased excretion of bilirubin into the biliary tract, which in turn may lead to gallstones. ... Symptoms specifically related to hemolysis include jaundice and dark colored urine due to the presence of hemoglobin ( ... such as gallstones and pulmonary hypertension.[citation needed] In general, signs of anemia (pallor, fatigue, shortness of ... the presence of prosthetic heart valve, or other medical illness. ...
JaundiceJaundice
The presence of scleral icterus indicates a serum bilirubin of at least 3 mg/dL. The conjunctiva of the eye are one of the ... The most common causes are gallstones in the common bile duct, and pancreatic cancer in the head of the pancreas. Also, a group ... The presence of pale stools and dark urine suggests an obstructive or post-hepatic cause as normal feces get their color from ... In this case, presence of bilirubin (conjugated) in the urine without urine-urobilinogen suggests obstructive jaundice, either ...
Pancreatic abscessPancreatic abscess
On the other hand, a white blood cell count is the only laboratory test that may indicate the presence of an abscess. Some of ... Other causes include gall stones or alcohol consumption and, in rare cases, drugs, blunt trauma and following extension abscess ... These tests may reveal the presence of infected necrosis which has not yet developed into an abscess and as a result, doctors ... On the other hand, antibiotics are not recommended in patients with pancreatitis, unless the presence of an infected abscess ...
Caroli diseaseCaroli disease
... usually occurs in the presence of other diseases, such as autosomal recessive polycystic kidney disease, ... cholangitis, gallstones, biliary abscess, septicemia, liver cirrhosis, renal failure, and cholangiocarcinoma (7% affected). ...
Courvoisiers lawCourvoisier's law
This sign implicates possible malignancy of the gallbladder or pancreas and the swelling is unlikely due to gallstones. This ... Courvoisier's law (or Courvoisier syndrome, or Courvoisier's sign or Courvoisier-Terrier's sign) states that in the presence of ... All these speculations assumes that the patient does not have gallstone diseases previous (where the gallbaldder would be ... Double gallstones with one falling and blocking the common bile duct (responsible for jaundice) and one at the cystic duct ( ...
GallbladderGallbladder
Anthonius Benevinius in 1506 was the first to draw a connection between symptoms and the presence of gallstones. Courvoisier ... Gallstones are diagnosed using ultrasound. When a symptomatic gallstone occurs, it is often managed by waiting it to be passed ... Gallstones form when the bile is saturated, usually with either cholesterol or bilirubin. Most gallstones do not cause symptoms ... The first descriptions of gallstones appear to have been in the Renaissance, perhaps because of the low incidence of gallstones ...
Choledochal cystsCholedochal cysts
The cause of these complications may be related to either abnormal flow of bile within the ducts or the presence of gallstones ... The presence of multiple saccular or cystic dilations of the intrahepatic ducts is known as Caroli's disease. Type VI: An ...
Hemolytic anemiaHemolytic anemia
Chronic hemolysis leads to an increased excretion of bilirubin into the biliary tract, which in turn may lead to gallstones. ... Symptoms specifically related to hemolysis include jaundice and dark colored urine due to the presence of hemoglobin ( ... such as gallstones and pulmonary hypertension.[citation needed] ... the presence of prosthetic heart valve, or other medical ... diagnosis of hemolytic anemia can be suspected on the basis of a constellation of symptoms and is largely based on the presence ...
Pumpkinhead (rapper)Pumpkinhead (rapper)
Pumpkinhead died on June 9, 2015, in a New Jersey hospital, while waiting to undergo a gall stone surgery. The cause of death ... He will live on through us even though his physical presence will be missed. RIP Robert Diaz". Immortal Technique wrote on ...
කොලෙස්ටරෝල් - විකිපීඩියා, නිදහස් විශ්වකෝෂයකොලෙස්ටරෝල් - විකිපීඩියා, නිදහස් විශ්වකෝෂය
... cholesterol crystallises and is the major constituent of most gallstones, although lecithin and bilirubin gallstones also occur ... In the presence of cholesterol, SREBP is bound to two other proteins: SCAP (SREBP-cleavage activating protein) and Insig1. When ... cholesterol crystallises and is the major constituent of most gallstones, although lecithin and bilirubin gallstones also occur ... particles are strongly associated with the presence of atheromatous disease within the arteries. For this reason, LDL is ...
AnatomyOrganismsDiseasesChemicals and DrugsAnalytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and EquipmentPhenomena and ProcessesHealth Care
GallstonesCholelithiasisGallbladderCholecystectomyBileCholecystolithiasisIleusBile PigmentsCholecystectomy, LaparoscopicGallbladder DiseasesGallbladder EmptyingCholecystographyCholesterolUrsodeoxycholic AcidBile Acids and SaltsCholecystitisChenodeoxycholic AcidPancreatitisBiliary FistulaBilirubinGallbladder NeoplasmsCommon Bile DuctCholecystitis, AcuteCholangiographyBiliary TractCholangiopancreatography, Endoscopic RetrogradeCalcium CarbonateIntestinal ObstructionCholedocholithiasisIntestinal FistulaCholagogues and CholereticsCholic AcidsBiliary Tract NeoplasmsAbdominal AbscessLithotripsyDysbiosisCholesterol, DietarySubphrenic AbscessLithocholic AcidBiliary Tract DiseasesSciuridaeCholangitisSigmoid DiseasesIleal DiseasesCholic AcidCholesterol 7-alpha-HydroxylaseDuodenal ObstructionCrystallizationLecithinsLipidsGilbert DiseasePhospholipidsGastric Outlet ObstructionPolypsLiverReceptor, Cholecystokinin AJejunal DiseasesDuodenal DiseasesPigments, BiologicalBile Duct DiseasesCystic DuctRisk FactorsHydroxymethylglutaryl CoA ReductasesCommon Bile Duct DiseasesAcute Disease
primary gallbladder carcinoma 的翻译结果--cnki翻译助手primary gallbladder carcinoma 的翻译结果--cnki翻译助手
A close relationship between carcinoma of the gallbladder and the presence of gallstone is recognized. The disease with ... A close relationship between carcinoma of the gallbladder and the presence of gallstone is recognized. The disease with ... Every gallbladder removed should be examined carefully for presence of such lesions as localized thickening of mucosa or ... gallstone is prevalent; there is a recent trend of increased incidence of carcinoma of gallbladder. In patients over 40 years ...
dict.cnki.net
Kidney stones | University of Maryland Medical CenterKidney stones | University of Maryland Medical Center
When the body breaks down purines, it produces uric acid. The presence of a certain level of uric acid in the body is normal, ... Gallstones. *Diverticulitis (infection or irritation of abnormal pouches in the intestines). *Intestinal blockage ... If no stones show up, but the patient has severe pain that suggests the presence of kidney stones, the next step is an ... Urine samples are needed to evaluate features of the urine, including its acidity and the presence of:. *Red or white blood ...
umm.edu
symptoms of chronic cholecystitis or | ts-ventes-immobilier.eusymptoms of chronic cholecystitis or | ts-ventes-immobilier.eu
Of course, the presence of gallstones does not necessarily mean that there exists cholecystitis.. The disease more common in ... Patients usually also have gallstones, the gallstones stimulation, coupled with on the basis of chronic inflammation, there ... Gallstone blocking the cystic duct can be repeated or repeated stimulation of the gallbladder wall caused by recurrent attacks ... chronic cholecystitis with gallstone daily increase in the incidence, particularly in large cities increased more significantly ...
achats-ventes-immobilier.eu
Laparoscopic cholecystectomy in the treatment of acute cholecystitis: comparison of results between early and late...Laparoscopic cholecystectomy in the treatment of acute cholecystitis: comparison of results between early and late...
... laparoscopic cholecystectomy has become the gold standard in the treatment of symptomatic gallstones. The common opinion about ... Presence of gallstones or gallbladder sludge, gallbladder wall thickening of 4 mm or above, and detection of pericholecystic ... Acute inflammation should be suspected in patients with gallstones in the presence of pain in upper right quadrant which ... Gallstone disease: epidemiology of gallbladder stone disease. Best Pract Res Clin Gastroenterol. 2006;20(6):981-96. PubMed , ...
panafrican-med-journal.com
Acupuncture Effectively Treated Gallbladder Polyps - Dr Yang TCM Health Clinic SydneyAcupuncture Effectively Treated Gallbladder Polyps - Dr Yang TCM Health Clinic Sydney
... the presence of coexisting gallstones, and single polyps. ... the gallbladder wall and float in the bile much like gallstones ...
yangacupuncture.com.au
Presence of Helicobacter spp. DNA in the gallbladder of Egyptian patients with gallstone diseasesPresence of Helicobacter spp. DNA in the gallbladder of Egyptian patients with gallstone diseases
... ... This study aimed to detect the presence of Helicobacter in gallstone, gallbladder tissue and bile specimens from subjects with ... DNA was extracted from gallbladder, bile and gallstone samples from 50 patients undergoing cholecystectomy. The presence of ... Ghazal, A., El Sabbagh, N. & El Riwini, M. (‎2011)‎. Presence of Helicobacter spp. DNA in the gallbladder of Egyptian patients ...
apps.who.int
WHO EMRO | Presence of Helicobacter spp. DNA in the gallbladder of Egyptian patients with gallstone diseases | Volume 17, issue...WHO EMRO | Presence of Helicobacter spp. DNA in the gallbladder of Egyptian patients with gallstone diseases | Volume 17, issue...
DNA in the gallbladder of Egyptian patients with gallstone diseases ... Presence of Helicobacter spp. DNA in the gallbladder of Egyptian patients with gallstone diseases ... Common presence of Helicobacter DNA in the gallbladder of patients with gallstone diseases and controls. Digestive and Liver ... It has been proposed that the presence of H. pylori in bile may represent an increased risk of gallstone formation [4]. A ...
emro.who.int
Gallstones: What Are Its Causes and Symptoms?Gallstones: What Are Its Causes and Symptoms?
... and other vital information that you need to know to protect you and your loved ones from gallstones. ... and other vital information that you need to know to protect you and your loved ones from gallstones. ... Gallstones, or chlolelithiasis, are hardened deposits of digestive fluid that form in your gallbladder. Find out its symptoms, ... Gallstones, or chlolelithiasis, are hardened deposits of digestive fluid that form in your gallbladder. Find out its symptoms, ...
articles.mercola.com
Risk factors for gallbladder cancer - Canadian Cancer SocietyRisk factors for gallbladder cancer - Canadian Cancer Society
Risk factors for gallbladder cancer include gallstones, porcelain gallbladder and choledochal cysts. Learn about gallbladder ... Gallstones. The presence of gallstones in the gallbladder is called cholelithiasis. Gallstones are hard deposits of cholesterol ... Having gallstones is a common condition, especially in women. Having a history of gallstones is the most common risk factor for ... Having gallstones is the most important risk factor for gallbladder cancer. More women than men develop gallbladder cancer. ...
cancer.ca
Fate of asymptomatic gallstones: The natural history of leaving gallstones behind during bariatric procedures - SAGES Abstract...Fate of asymptomatic gallstones: The natural history of leaving gallstones behind during bariatric procedures - SAGES Abstract...
... presence of DM (0 vs 31.8%; p=0.123), presence of hyperlipidemia (50 vs 22.7%; p=0.621), and weight loss >25% of original ... Fate of asymptomatic gallstones: The natural history of leaving gallstones behind during bariatric procedures. Background: ... Patients with asymptomatic gallstones but without concomitant cholecystectomy were analyzed for the risk and risk factors to ... Results: Of the 796 patients, 65 (8.2%) had gallstones or sludge identified on ultrasound; 51 of these were asymptomatic ...
sages.org
Approach to the patient with incidental gallstonesApproach to the patient with incidental gallstones
In the United States, gallstones are seen in approximately 6 percent of men and 9 percent of women. Most individuals with ... The presence of gallstones (cholelithiasis) is common, particularly in Western populations. ... The presence of gallstones (cholelithiasis) is common, particularly in Western populations. In the United States, gallstones ... Uncomplicated gallstone disease is present if the gallstones cause symptoms (eg, biliary colic). Patients with gallstones, ...
uptodate.com
Gastrointestinal NursingGastrointestinal Nursing
... presence of gallstones  DBE, biofeedback 2. Serum lipase elevated 3. Indirect bilirubin elevatedV. CHOLECYSTITIS/ ... CHOLELITHIASIS - inflammation of 4. Alkaline phosphatase elevated the gallbladder with gallstone formation 5. Transaminases ...
slideshare.net
Pasireotide Subcutaneous Advanced Patient Information - Drugs.comPasireotide Subcutaneous Advanced Patient Information - Drugs.com
The presence of other medical problems may affect the use of pasireotide. Make sure you tell your doctor if you have any other ... Pasireotide may cause gallstones. Check with your doctor right away if you have severe stomach pain with nausea and vomiting. ...
drugs.com
hOKT3γ1 (Ala-Ala) Combined With Sirolimus and Delayed Tacrolimus in Type 1 Diabetic Islet Allograft Recipients - Full Text View...hOKT3γ1 (Ala-Ala) Combined With Sirolimus and Delayed Tacrolimus in Type 1 Diabetic Islet Allograft Recipients - Full Text View...
Presence of gallstones on baseline ultrasound exam. *Active peptic ulcer disease. *Severe unremitting diarrhea or other ... Presence of history of panel-reactive anti-HLA antibodies greater than 10% ...
clinicaltrials.gov
Signifor LAR Advanced Patient Information - Drugs.comSignifor LAR Advanced Patient Information - Drugs.com
The presence of other medical problems may affect the use of this medicine. Make sure you tell your doctor if you have any ... This medicine may cause gallstones. Check with your doctor right away if you have severe stomach pain with nausea and vomiting. ...
drugs.com
Probucol (Oral Route) Precautions - Mayo ClinicProbucol (Oral Route) Precautions - Mayo Clinic
The presence of other medical problems may affect the use of this medicine. Make sure you tell your doctor if you have any ... Gallbladder disease or gallstones or * Heart disease-Probucol may make these conditions worse. ...
mayoclinic.org
Clofibrate (Oral Route) Description and Brand Names - Mayo ClinicClofibrate (Oral Route) Description and Brand Names - Mayo Clinic
The presence of other medical problems may affect the use of this medicine. Make sure you tell your doctor if you have any ... It may also increase the risk of gallstones and problems from gallbladder surgery. Other studies have not found all of these ...
mayoclinic.org
PRIME PubMed | Risk factors for symptomatic gallstones in patients with liver cirrhosis: a case-control studPRIME PubMed | Risk factors for symptomatic gallstones in patients with liver cirrhosis: a case-control stud
PubMed journal article Risk factors for symptomatic gallstones in patients with liver cirrhosis: a case-control stud were found ... In cirrhotic women, and especially in the presence of a positive family history and of advanced age, the risk of developing ... Liver cirrhosis is a well-documented risk factor for the formation of gallstones. In cirrhotic patients, gallstones are almost ... Advanced age, female gender, viral etiology of cirrhosis, family history of gallstones, and duration of gallstone disease were ...
unboundmedicine.com
Cholestasis | definition of cholestasis by Medical dictionaryCholestasis | definition of cholestasis by Medical dictionary
Extrahepatic causes include presence of an obstructing calculus or tumor in the common bile duct and carcinoma of the pancreas ... Extrahepatic cholestasis can be caused by conditions such as tumors and gallstones that block the flow of bile from the ...
medical-dictionary.thefreedictionary.com
Gallstones Symptoms, Treatment, Causes, Diet & SurgeryGallstones Symptoms, Treatment, Causes, Diet & Surgery
Diet changes have not shown to treat or prevent gallstones. Treatment or surgery for gallstones depend on the type. ... Gallstones (gall stones) are formed from bile, bilirubin, and cholesterol. They are common, and usually have no symptoms. ... Gallstones are diagnosed in one of two situations.. *When there are symptoms or signs that suggest the presence of gallstones ... Pigment gallstones are the second most common type of gallstone. Although pigment gallstones comprise only 15% of gallstones in ...
medicinenet.com
Gallstones | Buzzle.comGallstones | Buzzle.com
Gallstone Ileus. In gallstone ileus, the ileum is blocked by presence of one or more gallstones. Diagnosed mostly in elderly ... Gallstones Diet Sheet. A gallstones diet sheet would effectively help you to dissolve your gallstones and would also help to ... Detox Diet for Gallstones. Following a detox diet for gallstones would definitely help you flush out gallstones naturally from ... How to Flush Gallstones Naturally. Surgery is not the only method to remove gallstones from the body. For some natural ways to ...
buzzle.com
How To Flush Out Gallstones | HubPagesHow To Flush Out Gallstones | HubPages
Flush out gallstones without surgery. Safe and natural method by using apple juice, lemon juice, epsom salt and olive oil. Read ... How to flush out gallstones : Gallbladder and gallstones. The presence of gallstones is quite common, especially when we get ... "I had gallstone 10 years ago I went under the knife, then I learn alot about gallstone, you can also use (1)one gallion of pure ... Good day sir, i was diagnose of gallstones and i saw your page on how to flush out gallstones naturally, i want to try the 1 ...
hubpages.com
Biliary Sludge and Gallstones in Pregnancy: Incidence, Risk Factors, and Natural History | Annals of Internal Medicine |...Biliary Sludge and Gallstones in Pregnancy: Incidence, Risk Factors, and Natural History | Annals of Internal Medicine |...
Predictors of the presence or disappearance of sludge and stones were examined. ... Biliary Sludge and Gallstones in Pregnancy: Incidence, Risk Factors, and Natural History. Ann Intern Med. 1993;119:116-120. doi ... Biliary Sludge and Gallstones in Pregnancy: Incidence, Risk Factors, and Natural History Alberto Maringhini, MD; Maddalena ... To evaluate the incidence and symptoms of and risk factors for biliary sludge and gallstones during pregnancy and to assess the ...
annals.org
Presence Resurrection Medical Center - Chicago, ILPresence Resurrection Medical Center - Chicago, IL
... and compare hospital ratings for Presence Resurrection Medical Center on Healthgrades. ... Presence Resurrection Medical Center in Chicago, IL - Get directions, phone number, research physicians, ... The gallbladder can become inflamed and painful, usually due to a gallstone (cholecystitis). ... Presence Resurrection Medical Center. has 516 affiliated providers. *Dr. Freidoon AZIZI ORDSHAHI, MDOncology. ...
healthgrades.com
Surgical Procedures/Abdominal Surgery/Cholecystitis - Wikibooks, open books for an open worldSurgical Procedures/Abdominal Surgery/Cholecystitis - Wikibooks, open books for an open world
Inflammation of the gallbladder in the presence of gallstones.. *It is classical to subdivide further: *Acute Calculus ... Precipitated 90% of the time by gallstone obstruction of the: *Neck of the gallbladder. *Gallstone impacted in Hartmanns pouch ... Ultrasonography is usually the only investigation needed to show gallstones.. *A bile duct ,8mm is size requires investigation ... Almost always occurs in association with gallstone.. • It is one of the most common indications for abdominal surgery.. • Its ...
en.wikibooks.org
AnatomyOrganismsDiseasesChemicals and DrugsAnalytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and EquipmentPhenomena and ProcessesHealth Care
GallstonesCholelithiasisGallbladderCholecystectomyBileCholecystolithiasisIleusBile PigmentsCholecystectomy, LaparoscopicGallbladder DiseasesGallbladder EmptyingCholecystographyCholesterolUrsodeoxycholic AcidBile Acids and SaltsCholecystitisChenodeoxycholic AcidPancreatitisBiliary FistulaBilirubinGallbladder NeoplasmsCommon Bile DuctCholecystitis, AcuteCholangiographyBiliary TractCholangiopancreatography, Endoscopic RetrogradeCalcium CarbonateIntestinal ObstructionCholedocholithiasisIntestinal FistulaCholagogues and CholereticsCholic AcidsBiliary Tract NeoplasmsAbdominal AbscessLithotripsyDysbiosisCholesterol, DietarySubphrenic AbscessLithocholic AcidBiliary Tract DiseasesSciuridaeCholangitisSigmoid DiseasesIleal DiseasesCholic AcidCholesterol 7-alpha-HydroxylaseDuodenal ObstructionCrystallizationLecithinsLipidsGilbert DiseasePhospholipidsGastric Outlet ObstructionPolypsLiverReceptor, Cholecystokinin AJejunal DiseasesDuodenal DiseasesPigments, BiologicalBile Duct DiseasesCystic DuctRisk FactorsHydroxymethylglutaryl CoA ReductasesCommon Bile Duct DiseasesAcute Disease
Formation of gallstonesTypes of gallstonesSymptomsCholesterolFamily history of gallstonesStonesDevelop gallstonesRemoval of the gallbladderUltrasoundBile ductsInflammation of the gallbladderPercent of gallstonesHistory of gallstonesTreat gallstonesJaundiceUltrasonographyCholangitisTreatment of gallstonesRemedies for gallstonesDevelopment of gallstonesComplications from gallstonesForm in the gallbladderCauses GallstonesBiliary colicAvoid GallstonesSmall gallstonesObstructionIncrease the risk of gallstonesPeople with gallstones will developAsymptomatic and symptomatic gallstonesLiverFlow of bileObesityGallbladder surgeryProne to developingAbdominal painOccurConfirm the presence of gallstonesBlockageEndoscopicSize of gallstonesPatients with asymptomaticRisk
Formation of gallstones11
Types of gallstones7
Symptoms52
Cholesterol56
Family history of gallstones3
Stones30
Develop gallstones5
Removal of the gallbladder1
Ultrasound7
Bile ducts7
Inflammation of the gallbladder4
Percent of gallstones2
History of gallstones2
Treat gallstones2
Jaundice4
Ultrasonography6
Cholangitis1
Treatment of gallstones2
Remedies for gallstones4
  • Here are the top 10 home remedies for gallstones. (top10homeremedies.com)
  • Apart from various conventional methods of treatment, a number of home remedies for Gallstones natural treated have been found to be extremely beneficial in getting rid of this disease in a natural way. (speedyremedies.com)
  • Continuing this simple natural remedy for at least two weeks is one of the most successful natural home remedies for Gallstones. (speedyremedies.com)
  • One of the oldest home remedies for Gallstones removal is to follow a particular dietary procedure consisting of a three day fast followed by the consumption of a combination of three ounces of lemon juice and the same amount of any unrefined vegetable oil, for instance olive oil on the second night. (speedyremedies.com)
Development of gallstones3
Complications from gallstones1
Form in the gallbladder2
Causes Gallstones1
Biliary colic3
Avoid Gallstones3
Small gallstones2
Obstruction4
Increase the risk of gallstones1
People with gallstones will develop1
Asymptomatic and symptomatic gallstones1
Liver8
Flow of bile2
Obesity4
Gallbladder surgery1
Prone to developing1
Abdominal pain2
Occur3
Confirm the presence of gallstones2
Blockage2
Endoscopic1
  • endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatoscopy: …is used to examine the bile duct and pancreatic ducts for the presence of gallstones, tumours, or inflammation. (britannica.com)
Size of gallstones2
Patients with asymptomatic1
Risk21