Pregnancy animal. Medical search

The status during which female mammals carry their developing young (EMBRYOS or FETUSES) in utero before birth, beginning from FERTILIZATION to BIRTH.

Results of conception and ensuing pregnancy, including LIVE BIRTH; STILLBIRTH; SPONTANEOUS ABORTION; INDUCED ABORTION. The outcome may follow natural or artificial insemination or any of the various ASSISTED REPRODUCTIVE TECHNIQUES, such as EMBRYO TRANSFER or FERTILIZATION IN VITRO.

Conditions or pathological processes associated with pregnancy. They can occur during or after pregnancy, and range from minor discomforts to serious diseases that require medical interventions. They include diseases in pregnant females, and pregnancies in females with diseases.

The process of bearing developing young (EMBRYOS or FETUSES) in utero in non-human mammals, beginning from FERTILIZATION to BIRTH.

A potentially life-threatening condition in which EMBRYO IMPLANTATION occurs outside the cavity of the UTERUS. Most ectopic pregnancies (>96%) occur in the FALLOPIAN TUBES, known as TUBAL PREGNANCY. They can be in other locations, such as UTERINE CERVIX; OVARY; and abdominal cavity (PREGNANCY, ABDOMINAL).

The beginning third of a human PREGNANCY, from the first day of the last normal menstrual period (MENSTRUATION) through the completion of 14 weeks (98 days) of gestation.

The ratio of the number of conceptions (CONCEPTION) including LIVE BIRTH; STILLBIRTH; and fetal losses, to the mean number of females of reproductive age in a population during a set time period.

The last third of a human PREGNANCY, from the beginning of the 29th through the 42nd completed week (197 to 294 days) of gestation.

The co-occurrence of pregnancy and a cardiovascular disease. The disease may precede or follow FERTILIZATION and it may or may not have a deleterious effect on the pregnant woman or FETUS.

The three approximately equal periods of a normal human PREGNANCY. Each trimester is about three months or 13 to 14 weeks in duration depending on the designation of the first day of gestation.

Tests to determine whether or not an individual is pregnant.

The condition of carrying two or more FETUSES simultaneously.

The state of PREGNANCY in women with DIABETES MELLITUS. This does not include either symptomatic diabetes or GLUCOSE INTOLERANCE induced by pregnancy (DIABETES, GESTATIONAL) which resolves at the end of pregnancy.

The most common (>96%) type of ectopic pregnancy in which the extrauterine EMBRYO IMPLANTATION occurs in the FALLOPIAN TUBE, usually in the ampullary region where FERTILIZATION takes place.

The middle third of a human PREGNANCY, from the beginning of the 15th through the 28th completed week (99 to 196 days) of gestation.

The co-occurrence of pregnancy and NEOPLASMS. The neoplastic disease may precede or follow FERTILIZATION.

Pregnancy in human adolescent females under the age of 19.

The co-occurrence of pregnancy and an INFECTION. The infection may precede or follow FERTILIZATION.

Expulsion of the product of FERTILIZATION before completing the term of GESTATION and without deliberate interference.

Proteins produced by organs of the mother or the PLACENTA during PREGNANCY. These proteins may be pregnancy-specific (present only during pregnancy) or pregnancy-associated (present during pregnancy or under other conditions such as hormone therapy or certain malignancies.)

Unintended accidental pregnancy, including pregnancy resulting from failed contraceptive measures.

Pregnancy in which the mother and/or FETUS are at greater than normal risk of MORBIDITY or MORTALITY. Causes include inadequate PRENATAL CARE, previous obstetrical history (ABORTION, SPONTANEOUS), pre-existing maternal disease, pregnancy-induced disease (GESTATIONAL HYPERTENSION), and MULTIPLE PREGNANCY, as well as advanced maternal age above 35.

Pregnancy, usually accidental, that is not desired by the parent or parents.

The age of the conceptus, beginning from the time of FERTILIZATION. In clinical obstetrics, the gestational age is often estimated as the time from the last day of the last MENSTRUATION which is about 2 weeks before OVULATION and fertilization.

The co-occurrence of pregnancy and a blood disease (HEMATOLOGIC DISEASES) which involves BLOOD CELLS or COAGULATION FACTORS. The hematologic disease may precede or follow FERTILIZATION and it may or may not have a deleterious effect on the pregnant woman or FETUS.

A term used to describe pregnancies that exceed the upper limit of a normal gestational period. In humans, a prolonged pregnancy is defined as one that extends beyond 42 weeks (294 days) after the first day of the last menstrual period (MENSTRUATION), or birth with gestational age of 41 weeks or more.

An infant during the first month after birth.

A complication of PREGNANCY, characterized by a complex of symptoms including maternal HYPERTENSION and PROTEINURIA with or without pathological EDEMA. Symptoms may range between mild and severe. Pre-eclampsia usually occurs after the 20th week of gestation, but may develop before this time in the presence of trophoblastic disease.

The condition of carrying TWINS simultaneously.

A highly vascularized mammalian fetal-maternal organ and major site of transport of oxygen, nutrients, and fetal waste products. It includes a fetal portion (CHORIONIC VILLI) derived from TROPHOBLASTS and a maternal portion (DECIDUA) derived from the uterine ENDOMETRIUM. The placenta produces an array of steroid, protein and peptide hormones (PLACENTAL HORMONES).

Death of the developing young in utero. BIRTH of a dead FETUS is STILLBIRTH.

Intentional removal of a fetus from the uterus by any of a number of techniques. (POPLINE, 1978)

A type of ectopic pregnancy in which the EMBRYO, MAMMALIAN implants in the ABDOMINAL CAVITY instead of in the ENDOMETRIUM of the UTERUS.

The hollow thick-walled muscular organ in the female PELVIS. It consists of the fundus (the body) which is the site of EMBRYO IMPLANTATION and FETAL DEVELOPMENT. Beyond the isthmus at the perineal end of fundus, is CERVIX UTERI (the neck) opening into VAGINA. Beyond the isthmi at the upper abdominal end of fundus, are the FALLOPIAN TUBES.

The co-occurrence of pregnancy and parasitic diseases. The parasitic infection may precede or follow FERTILIZATION.

Physiological mechanisms that sustain the state of PREGNANCY.

The visualization of tissues during pregnancy through recording of the echoes of ultrasonic waves directed into the body. The procedure may be applied with reference to the mother or the fetus and with reference to organs or the detection of maternal or fetal disease.

Endometrial implantation of EMBRYO, MAMMALIAN at the BLASTOCYST stage.

The transfer of mammalian embryos from an in vivo or in vitro environment to a suitable host to improve pregnancy or gestational outcome in human or animal. In human fertility treatment programs, preimplantation embryos ranging from the 4-cell stage to the blastocyst stage are transferred to the uterine cavity between 3-5 days after FERTILIZATION IN VITRO.

Care provided the pregnant woman in order to prevent complications, and decrease the incidence of maternal and prenatal mortality.

An assisted reproductive technique that includes the direct handling and manipulation of oocytes and sperm to achieve fertilization in vitro.

Exchange of substances between the maternal blood and the fetal blood at the PLACENTA via PLACENTAL CIRCULATION. The placental barrier excludes microbial or viral transmission.

The number of offspring a female has borne. It is contrasted with GRAVIDITY, which refers to the number of pregnancies, regardless of outcome.

The consequences of exposing the FETUS in utero to certain factors, such as NUTRITION PHYSIOLOGICAL PHENOMENA; PHYSIOLOGICAL STRESS; DRUGS; RADIATION; and other physical or chemical factors. These consequences are observed later in the offspring after BIRTH.

The mass or quantity of heaviness of an individual at BIRTH. It is expressed by units of pounds or kilograms.

Selective abortion of one or more embryos or fetuses in a multiple gestation pregnancy. The usual goal is to improve the outcome for the remaining embryos or fetuses.

The age of the mother in PREGNANCY.

A condition in pregnant women with elevated systolic (>140 mm Hg) and diastolic (>90 mm Hg) blood pressure on at least two occasions 6 h apart. HYPERTENSION complicates 8-10% of all pregnancies, generally after 20 weeks of gestation. Gestational hypertension can be divided into several broad categories according to the complexity and associated symptoms, such as EDEMA; PROTEINURIA; SEIZURES; abnormalities in BLOOD COAGULATION and liver functions.

Extraction of the FETUS by means of abdominal HYSTEROTOMY.

The failure of a FETUS to attain its expected FETAL GROWTH at any GESTATIONAL AGE.

The major progestational steroid that is secreted primarily by the CORPUS LUTEUM and the PLACENTA. Progesterone acts on the UTERUS, the MAMMARY GLANDS and the BRAIN. It is required in EMBRYO IMPLANTATION; PREGNANCY maintenance, and the development of mammary tissue for MILK production. Progesterone, converted from PREGNENOLONE, also serves as an intermediate in the biosynthesis of GONADAL STEROID HORMONES and adrenal CORTICOSTEROIDS.

CHILDBIRTH before 37 weeks of PREGNANCY (259 days from the first day of the mother's last menstrual period, or 245 days after FERTILIZATION).

Diminished or absent ability of a female to achieve conception.

Congenital abnormalities caused by medicinal substances or drugs of abuse given to or taken by the mother, or to which she is inadvertently exposed during the manufacture of such substances. The concept excludes abnormalities resulting from exposure to non-medicinal chemicals in the environment.

The processes of milk secretion by the maternal MAMMARY GLANDS after PARTURITION. The proliferation of the mammary glandular tissue, milk synthesis, and milk expulsion or let down are regulated by the interactions of several hormones including ESTRADIOL; PROGESTERONE; PROLACTIN; and OXYTOCIN.

Morphological and physiological development of FETUSES.

The hormone-responsive glandular layer of ENDOMETRIUM that sloughs off at each menstrual flow (decidua menstrualis) or at the termination of pregnancy. During pregnancy, the thickest part of the decidua forms the maternal portion of the PLACENTA, thus named decidua placentalis. The thin portion of the decidua covering the rest of the embryo is the decidua capsularis.

The unborn young of a viviparous mammal, in the postembryonic period, after the major structures have been outlined. In humans, the unborn young from the end of the eighth week after CONCEPTION until BIRTH, as distinguished from the earlier EMBRYO, MAMMALIAN.

The repetitive uterine contraction during childbirth which is associated with the progressive dilation of the uterine cervix (CERVIX UTERI). Successful labor results in the expulsion of the FETUS and PLACENTA. Obstetric labor can be spontaneous or induced (LABOR, INDUCED).

Onset of OBSTETRIC LABOR before term (TERM BIRTH) but usually after the FETUS has become viable. In humans, it occurs sometime during the 29th through 38th week of PREGNANCY. TOCOLYSIS inhibits premature labor and can prevent the BIRTH of premature infants (INFANT, PREMATURE).

Malformations of organs or body parts during development in utero.

Two individuals derived from two FETUSES that were fertilized at or about the same time, developed in the UTERUS simultaneously, and born to the same mother. Twins are either monozygotic (TWINS, MONOZYGOTIC) or dizygotic (TWINS, DIZYGOTIC).

Determination of the nature of a pathological condition or disease in the postimplantation EMBRYO; FETUS; or pregnant female before birth.

Exposure of the female parent, human or animal, to potentially harmful chemical, physical, or biological agents in the environment or to environmental factors that may include ionizing radiation, pathogenic organisms, or toxic chemicals that may affect offspring. It includes pre-conception maternal exposure.

A gonadotropic glycoprotein hormone produced primarily by the PLACENTA. Similar to the pituitary LUTEINIZING HORMONE in structure and function, chorionic gonadotropin is involved in maintaining the CORPUS LUTEUM during pregnancy. CG consists of two noncovalently linked subunits, alpha and beta. Within a species, the alpha subunit is virtually identical to the alpha subunits of the three pituitary glycoprotein hormones (TSH, LH, and FSH), but the beta subunit is unique and confers its biological specificity (CHORIONIC GONADOTROPIN, BETA SUBUNIT, HUMAN).

Diabetes mellitus induced by PREGNANCY but resolved at the end of pregnancy. It does not include previously diagnosed diabetics who become pregnant (PREGNANCY IN DIABETICS). Gestational diabetes usually develops in late pregnancy when insulin antagonistic hormones peaks leading to INSULIN RESISTANCE; GLUCOSE INTOLERANCE; and HYPERGLYCEMIA.

Abortion induced to save the life or health of a pregnant woman. (From Dorland, 28th ed)

Cells lining the outside of the BLASTOCYST. After binding to the ENDOMETRIUM, trophoblasts develop into two distinct layers, an inner layer of mononuclear cytotrophoblasts and an outer layer of continuous multinuclear cytoplasm, the syncytiotrophoblasts, which form the early fetal-maternal interface (PLACENTA).

Three or more consecutive spontaneous abortions.

Observation of a population for a sufficient number of persons over a sufficient number of years to generate incidence or mortality rates subsequent to the selection of the study group.

Non-steroidal chemical compounds with abortifacient activity.

Artificial introduction of SEMEN or SPERMATOZOA into the VAGINA to facilitate FERTILIZATION.

Delivery of the FETUS and PLACENTA under the care of an obstetrician or a health worker. Obstetric deliveries may involve physical, psychological, medical, or surgical interventions.

Pathophysiological conditions of the FETUS in the UTERUS. Some fetal diseases may be treated with FETAL THERAPIES.

Disorders or diseases associated with PUERPERIUM, the six-to-eight-week period immediately after PARTURITION in humans.

The mucous membrane lining of the uterine cavity that is hormonally responsive during the MENSTRUAL CYCLE and PREGNANCY. The endometrium undergoes cyclic changes that characterize MENSTRUATION. After successful FERTILIZATION, it serves to sustain the developing embryo.

An assisted fertilization technique consisting of the microinjection of a single viable sperm into an extracted ovum. It is used principally to overcome low sperm count, low sperm motility, inability of sperm to penetrate the egg, or other conditions related to male infertility (INFERTILITY, MALE).

An aspect of personal behavior or lifestyle, environmental exposure, or inborn or inherited characteristic, which, on the basis of epidemiologic evidence, is known to be associated with a health-related condition considered important to prevent.

The capacity to conceive or to induce conception. It may refer to either the male or female.

An infant having a birth weight of 2500 gm. (5.5 lb.) or less but INFANT, VERY LOW BIRTH WEIGHT is available for infants having a birth weight of 1500 grams (3.3 lb.) or less.

An organized and comprehensive program of health care that identifies and reduces a woman's reproductive risks before conception through risk assessment, health promotion, and interventions. Preconception care programs may be designed to include the male partner in providing counseling and educational information in preparation for fatherhood, such as genetic counseling and testing, financial and family planning, etc. This concept is different from PRENATAL CARE, which occurs during pregnancy.

Pathological processes or abnormal functions of the PLACENTA.

A clear, yellowish liquid that envelopes the FETUS inside the sac of AMNION. In the first trimester, it is likely a transudate of maternal or fetal plasma. In the second trimester, amniotic fluid derives primarily from fetal lung and kidney. Cells or substances in this fluid can be removed for prenatal diagnostic tests (AMNIOCENTESIS).

Inability to reproduce after a specified period of unprotected intercourse. Reproductive sterility is permanent infertility.

Human females who are pregnant, as cultural, psychological, or sociological entities.

The event that a FETUS is born dead or stillborn.

The number of pregnancies, complete or incomplete, experienced by a female. It is different from PARITY, which is the number of offspring borne. (From Stedman, 26th ed)

Clinical and laboratory techniques used to enhance fertility in humans and animals.

The beta subunit of human CHORIONIC GONADOTROPIN. Its structure is similar to the beta subunit of LUTEINIZING HORMONE, except for the additional 30 amino acids at the carboxy end with the associated carbohydrate residues. HCG-beta is used as a diagnostic marker for early detection of pregnancy, spontaneous abortion (ABORTION, SPONTANEOUS); ECTOPIC PREGNANCY; HYDATIDIFORM MOLE; CHORIOCARCINOMA; or DOWN SYNDROME.

The process of giving birth to one or more offspring.

Studies in which subsets of a defined population are identified. These groups may or may not be exposed to factors hypothesized to influence the probability of the occurrence of a particular disease or other outcome. Cohorts are defined populations which, as a whole, are followed in an attempt to determine distinguishing subgroup characteristics.

Nutrition of a mother which affects the health of the FETUS and INFANT as well as herself.

Studies used to test etiologic hypotheses in which inferences about an exposure to putative causal factors are derived from data relating to characteristics of persons under study or to events or experiences in their past. The essential feature is that some of the persons under study have the disease or outcome of interest and their characteristics are compared with those of unaffected persons.

Techniques for the artifical induction of ovulation, the rupture of the follicle and release of the ovum.

Methods of detecting pregnancy by examining the levels of human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) in plasma or urine.

The event that a FETUS is born alive with heartbeats or RESPIRATION regardless of GESTATIONAL AGE. Such liveborn is called a newborn infant (INFANT, NEWBORN).

The smooth muscle coat of the uterus, which forms the main mass of the organ.

Termination of pregnancy under conditions allowed under local laws. (POPLINE Thesaurus, 1991)

The circulation of BLOOD, of both the mother and the FETUS, through the PLACENTA.

Prevention of CONCEPTION by blocking fertility temporarily, or permanently (STERILIZATION, REPRODUCTIVE). Common means of reversible contraception include NATURAL FAMILY PLANNING METHODS; CONTRACEPTIVE AGENTS; or CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES.

Nutrition of FEMALE during PREGNANCY.

Elements of limited time intervals, contributing to particular results or situations.

UTERINE BLEEDING from a GESTATION of less than 20 weeks without any CERVICAL DILATATION. It is characterized by vaginal bleeding, lower back discomfort, or midline pelvic cramping and a risk factor for MISCARRIAGE.

Trophoblastic hyperplasia associated with normal gestation, or molar pregnancy. It is characterized by the swelling of the CHORIONIC VILLI and elevated human CHORIONIC GONADOTROPIN. Hydatidiform moles or molar pregnancy may be categorized as complete or partial based on their gross morphology, histopathology, and karyotype.

An infant having a birth weight lower than expected for its gestational age.

Three individuals derived from three FETUSES that were fertilized at or about the same time, developed in the UTERUS simultaneously, and born to the same mother.

Bleeding from blood vessels in the UTERUS, sometimes manifested as vaginal bleeding.

The development of the PLACENTA, a highly vascularized mammalian fetal-maternal organ and major site of transport of oxygen, nutrients, and fetal waste products between mother and FETUS. The process begins at FERTILIZATION, through the development of CYTOTROPHOBLASTS and SYNCYTIOTROPHOBLASTS, the formation of CHORIONIC VILLI, to the progressive increase in BLOOD VESSELS to support the growing fetus.

Methods pertaining to the generation of new individuals, including techniques used in selective BREEDING, cloning (CLONING, ORGANISM), and assisted reproduction (REPRODUCTIVE TECHNIQUES, ASSISTED).

Female parents, human or animal.

A branch arising from the internal iliac artery in females, that supplies blood to the uterus.

Chemical substances that interrupt pregnancy after implantation.

The disintegration and assimilation of the dead FETUS in the UTERUS at any stage after the completion of organogenesis which, in humans, is after the 9th week of GESTATION. It does not include embryo resorption (see EMBRYO LOSS).

Behavior patterns of those practicing CONTRACEPTION.

The yellow body derived from the ruptured OVARIAN FOLLICLE after OVULATION. The process of corpus luteum formation, LUTEINIZATION, is regulated by LUTEINIZING HORMONE.

The 17-beta-isomer of estradiol, an aromatized C18 steroid with hydroxyl group at 3-beta- and 17-beta-position. Estradiol-17-beta is the most potent form of mammalian estrogenic steroids.

Transfer of preovulatory oocytes from donor to a suitable host. Oocytes are collected, fertilized in vitro, and transferred to a host that can be human or animal.

The threadlike, vascular projections of the chorion. Chorionic villi may be free or embedded within the DECIDUA forming the site for exchange of substances between fetal and maternal blood (PLACENTA).

Morphological and physiological development of EMBRYOS or FETUSES.

Organized efforts by communities or organizations to improve the health and well-being of the mother.

Intractable VOMITING that develops in early PREGNANCY and persists. This can lead to DEHYDRATION and WEIGHT LOSS.

The period in the ESTROUS CYCLE associated with maximum sexual receptivity and fertility in non-primate female mammals.

The weight of the FETUS in utero. It is usually estimated by various formulas based on measurements made during PRENATAL ULTRASONOGRAPHY.

Onset of HYPERREFLEXIA; SEIZURES; or COMA in a previously diagnosed pre-eclamptic patient (PRE-ECLAMPSIA).

Percutaneous transabdominal puncture of the uterus during pregnancy to obtain amniotic fluid. It is commonly used for fetal karyotype determination in order to diagnose abnormal fetal conditions.

Health care programs or services designed to assist individuals in the planning of family size. Various methods of CONTRACEPTION can be used to control the number and timing of childbirths.

Medical problems associated with OBSTETRIC LABOR, such as BREECH PRESENTATION; PREMATURE OBSTETRIC LABOR; HEMORRHAGE; or others. These complications can affect the well-being of the mother, the FETUS, or both.

Blood of the fetus. Exchange of nutrients and waste between the fetal and maternal blood occurs via the PLACENTA. The cord blood is blood contained in the umbilical vessels (UMBILICAL CORD) at the time of delivery.

The retention in the UTERUS of a dead FETUS two months or more after its DEATH.

A pair of highly specialized muscular canals extending from the UTERUS to its corresponding OVARY. They provide the means for OVUM collection, and the site for the final maturation of gametes and FERTILIZATION. The fallopian tube consists of an interstitium, an isthmus, an ampulla, an infundibulum, and fimbriae. Its wall consists of three histologic layers: serous, muscular, and an internal mucosal layer lined with both ciliated and secretory cells.

Preservation of cells, tissues, organs, or embryos by freezing. In histological preparations, cryopreservation or cryofixation is used to maintain the existing form, structure, and chemical composition of all the constituent elements of the specimens.

Studies which start with the identification of persons with a disease of interest and a control (comparison, referent) group without the disease. The relationship of an attribute to the disease is examined by comparing diseased and non-diseased persons with regard to the frequency or levels of the attribute in each group.

In utero measurement corresponding to the sitting height (crown to rump) of the fetus. Length is considered a more accurate criterion of the age of the fetus than is the weight. The average crown-rump length of the fetus at term is 36 cm. (From Williams Obstetrics, 18th ed, p91)

A condition of fetal overgrowth leading to a large-for-gestational-age FETUS. It is defined as BIRTH WEIGHT greater than 4,000 grams or above the 90th percentile for population and sex-specific growth curves. It is commonly seen in GESTATIONAL DIABETES; PROLONGED PREGNANCY; and pregnancies complicated by pre-existing diabetes mellitus.

A syndrome of HEMOLYSIS, elevated liver ENZYMES, and low blood platelets count (THROMBOCYTOPENIA). HELLP syndrome is observed in pregnant women with PRE-ECLAMPSIA or ECLAMPSIA who also exhibit LIVER damage and abnormalities in BLOOD COAGULATION.

Physiologic or biochemical monitoring of the fetus. It is usually done during LABOR, OBSTETRIC and may be performed in conjunction with the monitoring of uterine activity. It may also be performed prenatally as when the mother is undergoing surgery.

The number of births in a given population per year or other unit of time.

The transmission of infectious disease or pathogens from one generation to another. It includes transmission in utero or intrapartum by exposure to blood and secretions, and postpartum exposure via breastfeeding.

A hydroxylated metabolite of ESTRADIOL or ESTRONE that has a hydroxyl group at C3, 16-alpha, and 17-beta position. Estriol is a major urinary estrogen. During PREGNANCY, a large amount of estriol is produced by the PLACENTA. Isomers with inversion of the hydroxyl group or groups are called epiestriol.

The reproductive organ (GONADS) in female animals. In vertebrates, the ovary contains two functional parts: the OVARIAN FOLLICLE for the production of female germ cells (OOGENESIS); and the endocrine cells (GRANULOSA CELLS; THECA CELLS; and LUTEAL CELLS) for the production of ESTROGENS and PROGESTERONE.

An acyclic state that resembles PREGNANCY in that there is no ovarian cycle, ESTROUS CYCLE, or MENSTRUAL CYCLE. Unlike pregnancy, there is no EMBRYO IMPLANTATION. Pseudopregnancy can be experimentally induced to form DECIDUOMA in the UTERUS.

Any of the ruminant mammals with curved horns in the genus Ovis, family Bovidae. They possess lachrymal grooves and interdigital glands, which are absent in GOATS.

Inhaling and exhaling the smoke of burning TOBACCO.

Symptoms of NAUSEA and VOMITING in pregnant women that usually occur in the morning during the first 2 to 3 months of PREGNANCY. Severe persistent vomiting during pregnancy is called HYPEREMESIS GRAVIDARUM.

Statistical models which describe the relationship between a qualitative dependent variable (that is, one which can take only certain discrete values, such as the presence or absence of a disease) and an independent variable. A common application is in epidemiology for estimating an individual's risk (probability of a disease) as a function of a given risk factor.

The outermost extra-embryonic membrane surrounding the developing embryo. In REPTILES and BIRDS, it adheres to the shell and allows exchange of gases between the egg and its environment. In MAMMALS, the chorion evolves into the fetal contribution of the PLACENTA.

The period of cyclic physiological and behavior changes in non-primate female mammals that exhibit ESTRUS. The estrous cycle generally consists of 4 or 5 distinct periods corresponding to the endocrine status (PROESTRUS; ESTRUS; METESTRUS; DIESTRUS; and ANESTRUS).

Predetermined sets of questions used to collect data - clinical data, social status, occupational group, etc. The term is often applied to a self-completed survey instrument.

The neck portion of the UTERUS between the lower isthmus and the VAGINA forming the cervical canal.

The potential of the FETUS to survive outside the UTERUS after birth, natural or induced. Fetal viability depends largely on the FETAL ORGAN MATURITY, and environmental conditions.

The fusion of a spermatozoon (SPERMATOZOA) with an OVUM thus resulting in the formation of a ZYGOTE.

A synthetic analog of natural prostaglandin E1. It produces a dose-related inhibition of gastric acid and pepsin secretion, and enhances mucosal resistance to injury. It is an effective anti-ulcer agent and also has oxytocic properties.

Premature separation of the normally implanted PLACENTA from the UTERUS. Signs of varying degree of severity include UTERINE BLEEDING, uterine MUSCLE HYPERTONIA, and FETAL DISTRESS or FETAL DEATH.

Abortion performed because of possible fetal defects.

Increase in BODY WEIGHT over existing weight.

The period from onset of one menstrual bleeding (MENSTRUATION) to the next in an ovulating woman or female primate. The menstrual cycle is regulated by endocrine interactions of the HYPOTHALAMUS; the PITUITARY GLAND; the ovaries; and the genital tract. The menstrual cycle is divided by OVULATION into two phases. Based on the endocrine status of the OVARY, there is a FOLLICULAR PHASE and a LUTEAL PHASE. Based on the response in the ENDOMETRIUM, the menstrual cycle is divided into a proliferative and a secretory phase.

The nursing of an infant at the breast.

A water-soluble polypeptide (molecular weight approximately 8,000) extractable from the corpus luteum of pregnancy. It produces relaxation of the pubic symphysis and dilation of the uterine cervix in certain animal species. Its role in the human pregnant female is uncertain. (Dorland, 28th ed)

Chemical substances that prevent or reduce the probability of CONCEPTION.

Postnatal deaths from BIRTH to 365 days after birth in a given population. Postneonatal mortality represents deaths between 28 days and 365 days after birth (as defined by National Center for Health Statistics). Neonatal mortality represents deaths from birth to 27 days after birth.

The number of offspring produced at one birth by a viviparous animal.

The ratio of two odds. The exposure-odds ratio for case control data is the ratio of the odds in favor of exposure among cases to the odds in favor of exposure among noncases. The disease-odds ratio for a cohort or cross section is the ratio of the odds in favor of disease among the exposed to the odds in favor of disease among the unexposed. The prevalence-odds ratio refers to an odds ratio derived cross-sectionally from studies of prevalent cases.

A chromosome disorder associated either with an extra chromosome 21 or an effective trisomy for chromosome 21. Clinical manifestations include hypotonia, short stature, brachycephaly, upslanting palpebral fissures, epicanthus, Brushfield spots on the iris, protruding tongue, small ears, short, broad hands, fifth finger clinodactyly, Simian crease, and moderate to severe INTELLECTUAL DISABILITY. Cardiac and gastrointestinal malformations, a marked increase in the incidence of LEUKEMIA, and the early onset of ALZHEIMER DISEASE are also associated with this condition. Pathologic features include the development of NEUROFIBRILLARY TANGLES in neurons and the deposition of AMYLOID BETA-PROTEIN, similar to the pathology of ALZHEIMER DISEASE. (Menkes, Textbook of Child Neurology, 5th ed, p213)

Maternal deaths resulting from complications of pregnancy and childbirth in a given population.

The inability of the male to effect FERTILIZATION of an OVUM after a specified period of unprotected intercourse. Male sterility is permanent infertility.

Specialized arterial vessels in the umbilical cord. They carry waste and deoxygenated blood from the FETUS to the mother via the PLACENTA. In humans, there are usually two umbilical arteries but sometimes one.

The behavior patterns associated with or characteristic of a mother.

MAMMARY GLANDS in the non-human MAMMALS.

Congenital malformations of the central nervous system and adjacent structures related to defective neural tube closure during the first trimester of pregnancy generally occurring between days 18-29 of gestation. Ectodermal and mesodermal malformations (mainly involving the skull and vertebrae) may occur as a result of defects of neural tube closure. (From Joynt, Clinical Neurology, 1992, Ch55, pp31-41)

Products in capsule, tablet or liquid form that provide dietary ingredients, and that are intended to be taken by mouth to increase the intake of nutrients. Dietary supplements can include macronutrients, such as proteins, carbohydrates, and fats; and/or MICRONUTRIENTS, such as VITAMINS; MINERALS; and PHYTOCHEMICALS.

Human artificial insemination in which the husband's semen is used.

A polypeptide hormone of approximately 25 kDa that is produced by the SYNCYTIOTROPHOBLASTS of the PLACENTA, also known as chorionic somatomammotropin. It has both GROWTH HORMONE and PROLACTIN activities on growth, lactation, and luteal steroid production. In women, placental lactogen secretion begins soon after implantation and increases to 1 g or more a day in late pregnancy. Placental lactogen is also an insulin antagonist.

Social and economic factors that characterize the individual or group within the social structure.

A post-MORULA preimplantation mammalian embryo that develops from a 32-cell stage into a fluid-filled hollow ball of over a hundred cells. A blastocyst has two distinctive tissues. The outer layer of trophoblasts gives rise to extra-embryonic tissues. The inner cell mass gives rise to the embryonic disc and eventual embryo proper.

The mass or quantity of heaviness of an individual. It is expressed by units of pounds or kilograms.

The total process by which organisms produce offspring. (Stedman, 25th ed)

Compounds which increase the capacity to conceive in females.

Tumors or cancer of the UTERUS.

Contraction of the UTERINE MUSCLE.

The insertion of drugs into the vagina to treat local infections, neoplasms, or to induce labor. The dosage forms may include medicated pessaries, irrigation fluids, and suppositories.

The periodic shedding of the ENDOMETRIUM and associated menstrual bleeding in the MENSTRUAL CYCLE of humans and primates. Menstruation is due to the decline in circulating PROGESTERONE, and occurs at the late LUTEAL PHASE when LUTEOLYSIS of the CORPUS LUTEUM takes place.

A method, developed by Dr. Virginia Apgar, to evaluate a newborn's adjustment to extrauterine life. Five items - heart rate, respiratory effort, muscle tone, reflex irritability, and color - are evaluated 60 seconds after birth and again five minutes later on a scale from 0-2, 0 being the lowest, 2 being normal. The five numbers are added for the Apgar score. A score of 0-3 represents severe distress, 4-7 indicates moderate distress, and a score of 7-10 predicts an absence of difficulty in adjusting to extrauterine life.

The total number of cases of a given disease in a specified population at a designated time. It is differentiated from INCIDENCE, which refers to the number of new cases in the population at a given time.

A product of the PLACENTA, and DECIDUA, secreted into the maternal circulation during PREGNANCY. It has been identified as an IGF binding protein (IGFBP)-4 protease that proteolyzes IGFBP-4 and thus increases IGF bioavailability. It is found also in human FIBROBLASTS, ovarian FOLLICULAR FLUID, and GRANULOSA CELLS. The enzyme is a heterotetramer of about 500-kDa.

The probability that an event will occur. It encompasses a variety of measures of the probability of a generally unfavorable outcome.

A method for diagnosis of fetal diseases by sampling the cells of the placental chorionic villi for DNA analysis, presence of bacteria, concentration of metabolites, etc. The advantage over amniocentesis is that the procedure can be carried out in the first trimester.

Male parents, human or animal.

Studies in which variables relating to an individual or group of individuals are assessed over a period of time.

Artificially induced UTERINE CONTRACTION. Generally, LABOR, OBSTETRIC is induced with the intent to cause delivery of the fetus and termination of pregnancy.

The range or frequency distribution of a measurement in a population (of organisms, organs or things) that has not been selected for the presence of disease or abnormality.

A triphenyl ethylene stilbene derivative which is an estrogen agonist or antagonist depending on the target tissue. Note that ENCLOMIPHENE and ZUCLOMIPHENE are the (E) and (Z) isomers of Clomiphene respectively.

The beginning of true OBSTETRIC LABOR which is characterized by the cyclic uterine contractions of increasing frequency, duration, and strength causing CERVICAL DILATATION to begin (LABOR STAGE, FIRST ).

Human behavior or decision related to REPRODUCTION.

Diseases of newborn infants present at birth (congenital) or developing within the first month of birth. It does not include hereditary diseases not manifesting at birth or within the first 30 days of life nor does it include inborn errors of metabolism. Both HEREDITARY DISEASES and METABOLISM, INBORN ERRORS are available as general concepts.

Spontaneous tearing of the membranes surrounding the FETUS any time before the onset of OBSTETRIC LABOR. Preterm PROM is membrane rupture before 37 weeks of GESTATION.

A member of the vitamin B family that stimulates the hematopoietic system. It is present in the liver and kidney and is found in mushrooms, spinach, yeast, green leaves, and grasses (POACEAE). Folic acid is used in the treatment and prevention of folate deficiencies and megaloblastic anemia.

A lactogenic hormone secreted by the adenohypophysis (PITUITARY GLAND, ANTERIOR). It is a polypeptide of approximately 23 kD. Besides its major action on lactation, in some species prolactin exerts effects on reproduction, maternal behavior, fat metabolism, immunomodulation and osmoregulation. Prolactin receptors are present in the mammary gland, hypothalamus, liver, ovary, testis, and prostate.

A condition of abnormally high AMNIOTIC FLUID volume, such as greater than 2,000 ml in the LAST TRIMESTER and usually diagnosed by ultrasonographic criteria (AMNIOTIC FLUID INDEX). It is associated with maternal DIABETES MELLITUS; MULTIPLE PREGNANCY; CHROMOSOMAL DISORDERS; and congenital abnormalities.

The heart rate of the FETUS. The normal range at term is between 120 and 160 beats per minute.

Contraceptive devices placed high in the uterine fundus.

The entity of a developing mammal (MAMMALS), generally from the cleavage of a ZYGOTE to the end of embryonic differentiation of basic structures. For the human embryo, this represents the first two months of intrauterine development preceding the stages of the FETUS.

Studies in which the presence or absence of disease or other health-related variables are determined in each member of the study population or in a representative sample at one particular time. This contrasts with LONGITUDINAL STUDIES which are followed over a period of time.

Phagocytic acitivity of bovine leukocytes during pregnancy. (1/3359)

The phagocytic competence, measured as the total number of polymorphonuclear leukocytes per mm3 which phagocytosed Staphylococcus aureus, strain 321, in vitro, was determined in eight cows during complete pregnancies. Such leukocytes are referred to as "Active PMN'S". There was a gradual decline in the number of these cells from conception to a minimum between the 16th and 20th weeks of pregnancy, followed by a steady increase to the cessation of lactation when a marked drop occurred, after which there was an increase to a maximun during the second week prepartum. From this maximum there was a rapid decrease to an absolute minimum during the first week after parturition. From the second week postpartum there was a gradual increase to conception. The correlation coefficient (r) of number of active PMN'S with time before conception was -0.474 )p-0.01). There were significant differences (p=0.01) in numbers of active PMNS Among the eight cows. It was found that the cows fell into two groups, one whose members had, overall, significantly more active PMNs (p=0.001) than those in the second group. The between cow differences may have been due to 1) age, since the cows with the highest numbers of circulating active PMNs were younger than those in the other group of 2) the combined stress of pregnancy and lactation, as those cows which were both pregnant and milking had the lowest numbers of active PMNs. (+info)

Expression of the oxytocin receptor in relation to steroid receptors in the uterus of a primate model, the marmoset monkey. (2/3359)

The dynamics of the receptors for oestrogen (ER), progesterone (PR) and oxytocin (OTR) in the marmoset uterus have been analysed throughout the entire cycle and early pregnancy. Uteri obtained during the early, mid/late and late proliferative phase, and the early, mid and late secretory phase and early pregnancy were examined by immunohistochemistry (OTR, ER, PR) and autoradiography (OTR). A massive upregulation of the ER in the cell nuclei of glandular epithelium and stromal cells during the mid proliferative phase was succeeded by a declining staining intensity and positively stained cell number in the secretory phase. PR immunoreactivity increased in the late proliferative phase and early secretory phase, mainly within the cell nuclei, and then declined in both intensity and cell number towards the mid to late secretory phase. Myometrium showed a similar staining pattern for the steroid receptors. OTR were expressed weakly in stroma throughout the entire cycle, increasing slightly in the secretory phase. Glandular epithelium showed positive staining only during the periovulatory period. Myometrial OTR expression was weak during the proliferative phase, increased towards the secretory phase, and was maximal in the late secretory phase. Myometrial tissue adjacent to endometrium was most strongly stained. A cyclic shift evidently occurred in the pattern of steroid receptors, perhaps reflecting the steroid environment or the luteinizing hormone increase associated with ovulation. (+info)

Control and assessment of the uterus and cervix during pregnancy and labour. (3/3359)

Preterm labour and resultant preterm birth are the most important problems in perinatology. Countless efforts have failed to establish a single effective treatment of preterm labour, partly because the mechanisms regulating the uterus and cervix during pregnancy are not well understood. New knowledge is needed to inhibit early progression of labour (uterine contractility and cervical ripening), and adequate quantitative tools to evaluate the uterus and cervix during pregnancy are lacking. In this review, we outline studies showing that the uterus (myometrium) and cervix pass through a conditioning step in preparation for labour. This step is not easily identifiable with present methods to assess the uterus or cervix. In the uterus, this seemingly irreversible step consists of changes in the electrical properties to make muscle more excitable and responsive to produce forceful contractions. In the cervix, the step consists of softening of the connective tissue components. Progesterone appears to have a dominant role in controlling both the uterus and cervix, as antiprogestins induce early, preterm conditioning leading to preterm labour. Apparently, nitric oxide (NO) also controls conditioning of the uterus and cervix. In the uterus, NO, in concert with progesterone, inhibits uterine contractility. At term, NO production by the uterus and placenta are decreased and allow labour to progress. In contrast, NO in the cervix increases at the end of pregnancy and it may be the final pathway for stimulating cervical ripening by activation of metalloenzymes. The progress of labour can be assessed non-invasively using electromyographic (EMG) signals from the uterus (the driving force for contractility) recorded from the abdominal surface. Uterine EMG bursts detected in this manner characterize uterine contractile events during human and animal pregnancy. A low uterine EMG activity, measured transabdominally throughout most of pregnancy, rises dramatically during labour. EMG activity also increases substantially during preterm labour in humans and rats. This method may be used one day to predict impending preterm labour and identify control steps and treatments. A quantitative method also assesses the cervix, using an optical device which measures collagen fluorescence in the cervix. The collascope estimates cervical collagen content from a fluorescent signal generated when collagen cross-links are illuminated with excitation light of about 340 nm. The system has proved useful in rats and humans at various stages of pregnancy, and indicates that cervical softening occurs progressively in the last one-third of pregnancy. In rats, collascope readings correlate with resistance measurements made in the isolated cervix, which may help to assess cervical function during pregnancy, and indicate control and treatments. (+info)

A method for determining baroreflex-mediated sympathetic and parasympathetic control of the heart in pregnant and non-pregnant sheep. (4/3359)

1. The cardiac baroreflex was measured in four non-pregnant and six pregnant ewes before and during beta-adrenoreceptor blockade with propranolol and before and during vagal blockade with atropine. Arterial pressure was raised by phenylephrine and lowered by sodium nitroprusside. The relationships between mean arterial pressure (MAP) and heart rate (HR), between MAP and heart rate variability (HRV) measured as the coefficient of variation (c.v.) of the mean pulse interval (PI), and between MAP and HRV measured by power spectral analysis were determined. 2. The MAP-HR relationship showed that in pregnant ewes the gain of the cardiac baroreflex was reduced when compared with non-pregnant ewes. Threshold and saturation pressures were higher, maximum achievable HR was lower and there was a decrease in the operating range. 3. V-shaped relationships were obtained between MAP and HRV (measured as the c.v. of PI) and between MAP and power spectral density in the frequency range 0.04-0. 08 Hz. Using selective autonomic blockade the negative, or downward, slope of the V shape was shown to be a measure of baroreceptor-induced, sympathetically mediated effects on HRV. The upward, or positive, slope of the V shape was a measure of baroreceptor-induced, vagally mediated effects. Similar results were also obtained from the cardiac power spectrum, but it was less sensitive. The MAP at which the two slopes intersected was the same as the resting MAP. 4. In pregnant ewes, the slope of the downward limb of the V-shaped relationship between HRV (when measured as the c.v. of PI) and MAP was less than in non-pregnant ewes. 5. The relationship between MAP and the coefficient of variation of the mean pulse interval can therefore be used to measure the degree to which baroreceptor-induced sympathetic and parasympathetic activity affects the heart. 6. The resting MAP is the pressure at which the net effect of these sympathetic and parasympathetic influences on the heart is at a minimum. Studies of both the MAP-HR and MAP-HRV relationships in pregnant and non-pregnant sheep show that in pregnant sheep, there is attenuation of baroreceptor-mediated sympathetic effects on the heart. (+info)

Pregnancy detection and the effects of age, body weight, and previous reproductive performance on pregnancy status and weaning rates of farmed fallow deer (Dama dama). (5/3359)

Fallow does (n = 502) of different ages (mature, 2-yr-old, and yearling) were maintained with bucks for a 60-d breeding season to determine whether previous reproductive performance and changes in BW affect doe pregnancy rates and to compare the effectiveness of ultrasonography and serum pregnancy-specific protein B (PSPB) for the detection of pregnancy in fallow does. Ultrasonography was performed, blood samples collected, and BW recorded at buck removal (d 0) and at 30 and 90 d after buck removal. Lactational status (lactating = WET; nonlactating = DRY) were determined from farm records taken at weaning prior to each breeding season (autumn 1990 through autumn 1994). Ultrasonography and PSPB for determining pregnancy were in agreement 93% of the time. Overall pregnancy rates did not differ (P>.10) relative to age of the doe; the combined pregnancy rate was 92%. We also determined that 82.9% of does conceived early in the breeding season and that the incidence of embryonal-fetal mortality during the first 90 d after buck removal was 2.8%. In general, mature and 2-yr-old DRY does were heavier and had lower pregnancy rates than WET does. The overall weaning rate for all does was 77.9%. Loss in the number of fawns from pregnancy detection to weaning was equivalent to 14.8% for mature does, 24.7% for 2 yr old does, and 42.5% for yearling does. These data indicate that even though pregnancy rates were relatively high, further study is needed to determine the causes associated with subsequent fawn losses, particularly among yearling does. As a production tool, lactational WET/ DRY status testing was found to be an acceptable means for determining the reproductive potential of individual does within the herd. In addition, serum PSPB may be used in place of ultrasonography for pregnancy diagnosis in fallow deer as early as d 30 after buck removal. (+info)

An estimation of the requirement for folic acid in gestating sows: the metabolic utilization of folates as a criterion of measurement. (6/3359)

Sows at their second parity were randomly distributed in five groups of seven animals each to determine the dietary concentration of folic acid that optimizes the metabolic utilization of the vitamin during gestation. The groups differed by dietary supplement of folic acid: 0, 5, 10, 15, or 20 ppm. Sows were fed 2.5 kg of diet each day. The response of serum folates and folate binding capacity to treatments and the excretion of urinary folates after an i.v. injection of folic acid were measured. The total daily excretion of urinary folates was corrected according to the response to one i.v. injection of saline on the day preceding the i.v. injection of folic acid. The decrease of total serum folates throughout gestation was less pronounced in the groups fed 15 and 20 ppm of dietary folic acid (supplement x period interaction, P<.06) than it was in the other three treatments. The proportion of i.v. folic acid not recovered in sow urine (injected - excreted) decreased as the amount of dietary folic acid increased to reach a minimum, which differed according to the period (supplement x period interaction, P<.02); it was 15 ppm during wk 1 of gestation and 10 ppm for the other periods studied. The unrecovered folates increased over a dietary concentration of 15 ppm. These minimum values correspond to the most appropriate feed concentration that covered the whole body utilization (tissue and cell metabolism, catabolism, and storage) of folates by the sows and could be interpreted as a reliable index of the requirement. (+info)

Metabolism of retinaldehyde isomers in pregnant rats: 13-cis- and all-trans-retinaldehyde, but not 9-cis-retinaldehyde, yield very similar patterns of retinoid metabolites. (7/3359)

Retinaldehyde (RAL), a key intermediate in retinoid metabolism, acts as a retinoic acid (RA) precursor, but is also reduced to retinol (ROH), which can subsequently be esterified to retinyl esters, the storage form of vitamin A. Limited information is available on the metabolism of geometric isomers of RAL as well as on the transplacental distribution of their metabolites, including RA isomers. Such information would be very helpful for the assessment of the teratogenic potency of RAL isomers, as teratogenesis represents a major side effect of retinoid use in pharmacotherapy. In the present study we examined concentrations of retinoids in plasma, maternal tissues, and embryos of pregnant rats 2 h after a single oral dose (100 mg/kg body weight) of all-trans-, 13-cis-, or 9-cis-RAL on gestational day 13. The main findings of this study were the very similar patterns of retinoid metabolites (consisting of retinoids with mainly the all-trans-configuration) after administration of all-trans- and 13-cis-RAL, and the high concentrations of 9-cis-RA, 9,13-dicis-RA, and 9-cis-retinoyl-beta-D-glucuronide after dosing with 9-cis-RAL. In addition, all-trans-RA as a RAL metabolite reached the embryos to a much greater extent than any of its cis-isomers. The results are discussed in view of in vitro data on enzymes involved in the biotransformation of RAL isomers. (+info)

Hemodynamic and renal effects of U-46619, a TXA2/PGH2 analog, in late-pregnant rats. (8/3359)

The vasoconstrictor effects of pressor agents are attenuated during pregnancy. Thromboxane A2 (TXA2) is produced in great quantities during hypertension in pregnancy, and therefore it is important to know whether pregnancy modifies the pressor effects of TXA2. The TXA2 analog U-46619 was infused in anesthetized, acutely prepared and conscious, chronically prepared late-pregnant and nonpregnant female rats to examine its systemic hemodynamic and renal effects. Mean arterial pressure (MAP) and total peripheral resistance (TPR) were lower in anesthetized pregnant than nonpregnant rats (P < 0.01). The infusion of U-46619 into the aortic arch resulted in elevation of MAP only in pregnant rats, due to a greater elevation of TPR (60 +/- 17%) compared with nonpregnant rats (36 +/- 6%, P < 0.05). The pressor effect of intravenously infused U-46619 was also enhanced in conscious pregnant versus nonpregnant rats, and the increase in renal vascular resistance was undiminished. U-46619 increased hematocrit and plasma protein concentration more during pregnancy, which suggested greater reduction of plasma volume. The urinary excretion of sodium (-1.49 +/- 0.25 vs. -0.54 +/- 0.24 micromol/min) and water was reduced more in pregnant than nonpregnant rats during U-46619 (P < 0.01). Thus the MAP and renal effects of the TXA2 analog are exaggerated during pregnancy in the rat. (+info)

Although the term "pregnancy" often refers to eutherian animals, it has also been used in the titles of many international, ... Pregnancy has been traditionally defined as the period of time eggs are incubated in the body after egg-sperm union. Although ... Pregnancy has been traditionally defined as the period during which developing embryos are incubated in the body after egg- ... "Little seahorse". Animal Diversity web. Retrieved October 31, 2014. Baremore, I.E. & Hale, L.F. (2012). "Reproduction of the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pregnancy_in_fish

Journal of Animal Science. 91 (4): 1627-38. doi:10.2527/jas.2012-5845. PMID 23097402. Forde N, Lonergan P (November 2017). " ... Maternal recognition of pregnancy is a crucial aspect of carrying a pregnancy to full term. Without maternal recognition to ... However, if pregnancy is established, luteolysis is evaded via maternal recognition of pregnancy because high levels of ... growth and uterine development finish with nothing to replace them and the pregnancy is lost. Pregnancy maintenance relies on ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maternal_recognition_of_pregnancy

For animals, it could be a valuable tool in preservation programs of endangered species, providing a method of ex-situ ... Interspecific pregnancy (literally pregnancy between species, also called interspecies pregnancy or xenopregnancy) is the ... Yet, for some species, such as a Bactrian camel embryo inside a dromedary, pregnancy can be carried to term with no other ... "Interspecific pregnancy: Barriers and prospects". Archived from the original on 2013-04-14. Retrieved 2010-10-09. Jones, C.; ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interspecific_pregnancy

"Average Animal Gestation Periods and Incubation Times". MSN Encarta. Microsoft. Archived from the original on 2004-09-07. "Does ... In mammals, pregnancy is the period of reproduction during which a female carries one or more live offspring from implantation ... Sometimes, a zygote can be created by humans outside of the animal's body in the artificial process of in-vitro fertilization. ... Smaller species normally have a shorter gestation period than larger animals. For example, a cat's gestation normally takes 58- ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pregnancy_(mammals)

Here, too, killing the animal to check her ovaries was necessary. At the beginning of the 1930s, Hillel Shapiro and Harry ... biochemical pregnancy (loss of pregnancy before signs of pregnancy are apparent on ultrasound, likely very soon after ... Pregnancy tests may be used to predict if a pregnancy is likely to continue or is abnormal. Miscarriage, or spontaneous ... Serial ultrasound may be used to identify non-viable pregnancies, as pregnancies that do not grow in size or develop expected ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pregnancy_test

Animal studies show that naltrexone administered during pregnancy increases the incidence of early fetal loss; however, there ... "Drinking and Your Pregnancy". pubs.niaaa.nih.gov. Retrieved 2018-11-16. "WHO , Substance use in pregnancy". www.who.int. ... Alcohol use at some point during pregnancy is common and appears to be rising in prevalence. Alcohol use during pregnancy has ... "UpToDate: Alcohol intake and pregnancy". www.uptodate.com. Retrieved 2021-09-11. CDC (2021-05-24). "Alcohol Use in Pregnancy". ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alcohol_and_pregnancy

"UC Davis Veterinary Genetics Laboratory , Animal DNA testing , forensic testing , animal genetic research and diagnostics". www ... It is performed on a sample of venous blood from the mother, and can provide information about the fetus early in pregnancy. As ... Genetic testing of plants and animals can be used for similar reasons as in humans (e.g. to assess relatedness/ancestry or ... This test is performed 10-13 weeks into pregnancy and results are ready 7-14 days after the test was done. Another test using ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genetic_testing

Because the antigens used in contraceptive vaccines are protein, not steroids, they are not easily passed from animal to animal ... The main function of hCG is to sustain the ovarian corpus luteum during pregnancy past the time it would normally decay as part ... from animal to animal. This can lead to unintended ecological consequences. For instance, fish exposed to treated human sewage ... Repro-Bloc is GnRH vaccine marketed for use in domestic animals in general. Improvac® is a GnRH vaccine marketed for use in ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Immunocontraception

Folate deficiency occurs due to diets low in lefty green vegetables, and animal sources of protein. B12 deficiency tends to be ... Anemia in pregnancy is a decrease in the total red blood cells (RBCs) or hemoglobin in the blood during pregnancy. Anemia is an ... While anemia in pregnancy may be pathologic, in normal pregnancies, the increase in RBC mass is smaller than the increase in ... and the prevalence of anemia during pregnancy in North America is 6%. Prevalence of anemia in pregnancy is higher in developing ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anemia_in_pregnancy

Agriculture and Agronomy portal Animal cruelty Animal welfare science Chicken Chicken tax Concentrated animal feeding operation ... Senger, Phillip (2012). Pathways to Pregnancy and Parturition. Redmond: Current Conceptions Inc. Donoghue, A; Wishart, G (2000 ... Animal Welfare. 3: 179-192. Duncan, I.J.H.; Hocking, P.M.; Seawright, E. (1990). "Sexual behaviour and fertility in broiler ... Animal Welfare. 2 (2): 131-152.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: uses authors parameter (link) Meat Atlas 2014 - Facts and figures ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Broiler

Approximately 70% of dalteparin is excreted through kidneys based on animal studies. In May 2019, the U.S. Food and Drug ... "Dalteparin (Fragmin) Use During Pregnancy". Drugs.com. 27 November 2019. Retrieved 1 June 2020. Dalteparin - Subcutaneous ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dalteparin_sodium

In essence, menstruating animals treat every estrous cycle as a possible pregnancy by thickening the protective layer around ... If animals can be bred on the same schedule, it increases convenience for the livestock owner, since the young animals will be ... ISBN 978-0-9657648-3-4. "Canine False Pregnancy and Female Reproduction". Mar Vista Animal Medical Center. 2 February 2008. ... Animal breeding, Animal physiology, Zoology, Menstrual cycle, Mammal female reproductive system). ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Menstruation_(mammal)

... has been shown to prevent death in animal models of cytokine storm. As a repurposed drug, prazosin is being ... "Prazosin (Minipress) Use During Pregnancy". Drugs.com. 26 November 2019. Retrieved 30 January 2020. "Prazosin". drugs.com. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prazosin

"Animal Faculty Application form". Royal College of Chiropractors. Retrieved 10 June 2016. "Pregnancy & Paediatrics Faculty ... "Royal Society of Biology and British Society of Animal Science Register of Accredited Animal Scientists and Animal ... Technologists Rules, Regulations and Protocols" (PDF). British Society of Animal Science. Retrieved 30 January 2018. "Chartered ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_post-nominal_letters_(United_Kingdom)

These animals may exhibit varying degrees of udder development, but fail to deliver any pigs. The timely identification and ... In most species, the corpus luteum is degraded in the absence of a pregnancy. However, in some species, the corpus luteum may ... Most species require signals from an embryo (such as IFN-τ in ruminants) to alert the female's body of a pregnancy. This ... "Pregnancy diagnosis in swine" (PDF). Pork Information Gateway. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2017-11-17. Retrieved 2017- ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pseudopregnancy

Animal studies provide evidence of the correlation between substance exposures and particular effects. Drugs in pregnancy ... Mercury exposure in pregnancy may also cause limb defects. Adverse effects of lead exposure in pregnancy include miscarriage, ... deficient growth or pregnancy wastage. Teratogens are classified in four main categories: Drugs in pregnancy - in addition to ... Drinking alcohol in pregnancy can result in a range of disorders known as fetal alcohol spectrum disorders. The most severe of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Environmental_toxicants_and_fetal_development

There are no human data on use during pregnancy to assess the risk of adverse maternal or fetal outcomes. Based on animal data ... "Updates to the Prescribing Medicines in Pregnancy database". Therapeutic Goods Administration (TGA). 12 May 2022. Archived from ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molnupiravir

Syngnathidae is the only family in the animal kingdom to which the term "male pregnancy" has been applied. In 2021, Chinese ... Virgil Wong, a performance artist, created a hoax site featuring a fictitious male pregnancy, claiming to detail the pregnancy ... The theoretical issue of male ectopic pregnancy (pregnancy outside the uterine cavity) by surgical implantation has been ... Male pregnancy is the incubation of one or more embryos or fetuses by organisms of the male sex in some species. Most species ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Male_pregnancy

Sharp, S. P.; English, S.; Clutton-Brock, T. H. (2012). "Maternal investment during pregnancy in wild meerkats". Evolutionary ... 2012). "Food availability shapes patterns of helping effort in a cooperative mongoose". Animal Behaviour. 83 (6): 1377-1385. ... Animal Behaviour. 61 (4): 705-710. doi:10.1006/anbe.2000.1631. S2CID 53181036. Moehlman, Patricia D., and H. E. R. I. B. E. R. ... Animal Behaviour. 85 (3): 655-661. doi:10.1016/j.anbehav.2012.12.029. S2CID 53171632. Brotherton, P. N. M.; Riain, J. M. O.; ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cooperative_breeding

"Pregnancy Hormone May Reduce Multiple Sclerosis Symptoms". NPR.org. Retrieved 2017-11-24. "A Fix For Gender-Bias In Animal ... the Pregnancy in Multiple Sclerosis (1998-07-30). "Rate of Pregnancy-Related Relapse in Multiple Sclerosis". New England ... However, this sex difference is reduced during late pregnancy in females, when estriol levels are significantly higher than ... a woman who experienced a reduction in her MS symptoms during each of her four pregnancies. In 2016, Voskuhl was quoted in an ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhonda_Voskuhl

Qureshi, M. Subhan (2010). "Pregnancy depresses milk yield in Dairy Buffaloes". Italian Journal of Animal Science. Animal ... Dean Faculty of Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Sciences: Prof. Dr. Muhammad Subhan Qureshi. University of Agriculture, Peshawar ... Meanwhile, he joined the University of Agriculture, Faisalabad and completed his MSc and PhD degrees in animal reproduction. In ... After completing his early education in Bannu, Qureshi graduated from the University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subhan_Qureshi

Based in part on animal studies, diagnostic ultrasounds administered during pregnancy have been hypothesized to increase the ... "How pregnancy may shape a child's autism". Spectrum , Autism Research News. 2018-12-05. Retrieved 2021-07-30. Xu G, Jing J, ... One animal study found behaviour of offspring exhibited autism-like traits when rats were subjected to intermittent hypoxia ... Maternal obesity during pregnancy may also increase the risk of autism, although further study is needed. Maternal malnutrition ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Causes_of_autism

This was Barbara's only pregnancy. The inability to give birth to an heir to her husband was probably the reason who ... In addition, she was interested in gardening, farming, and raising domestic animals. In 1491 she acquired a farm in Waldenbuch ... The cortege consisted of two carriages, four baggage wagons, 217 horses and 30 pack animals, they passed through Verona, Trento ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barbara_Gonzaga_(1455–1503)

They call this man an animal and pour gasoline over him. Once she comes closer Amina realizes that the bloodied and beaten man ... Soon after Amina and the landlord learn of Amina's pregnancy for which the landlord berates her. Amina cannot have a baby in ... she is in her last trimester of pregnancy. Akatok and his friend continue their search nearby. While working Amina encounters a ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azali_(film)

... and hypotension The WHO states praziquantel is safe during pregnancy. Animal studies have failed to reveal evidence of fetal ... While it may be used during pregnancy, it is not recommended for use during breastfeeding. Praziquantel is in the anthelmintic ... Bayer's Animal Health Division website states, "Praziquantel is active against cestodes (tapeworms). Praziquantel is absorbed, ... Drontal Data Sheet; Drontal Cat & Cat XL Film-coated Tablets, Bayer plc (PDF), Newbury, England: Bayer plc, Animal Health ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Praziquantel

Animal and human data have revealed evidence of lethal harm to the embryo and teratogenicity associated with ACE inhibitors. No ... Use is not recommended during the entire duration of pregnancy as it may harm the baby. Lisinopril works by inhibiting the ... "Lisinopril Use During Pregnancy". Drugs.com. 22 October 2019. Retrieved 27 February 2020. "Lisinopril Monograph for ... The label states, "When pregnancy is detected, discontinue Zestril as soon as possible." The manufacturer recommends mothers ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lisinopril

Klein C (July 2016). "Early pregnancy in the mare: old concepts revisited". Domestic Animal Endocrinology. 56 (Suppl): S212-7. ... relaxin is also an important hormone involved in pregnancy, however, before pregnancy occurs, relaxin is expressed by ovarian ... In animals, relaxin widens the pubic bone and facilitates labor; it also softens the cervix (cervical ripening), and softens ... In pregnancy, relaxin mediates the hemodynamic changes that occur such as increased cardiac output and increased renal blood ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Relaxin

Pregnancy toxemia is most likely to occur in late pregnancy due to metabolic demand from rapid fetal growth and may be ... Food Animal Practice. 4 (2): 307-15. doi:10.1016/s0749-0720(15)31050-1. PMID 3264753. Reid RL (1960). "Studies on the ... is referred to as pregnancy toxemia. This may develop in late pregnancy in ewes bearing multiple fetuses and is associated with ... Marteniuk JV, Herdt TH (1988). "Pregnancy toxemia and ketosis of ewes and does". The Veterinary Clinics of North America. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ketosis

Annual Review of Animal Biosciences. Annual Reviews. 7 (1): 173-194. doi:10.1146/annurev-animal-020518-115216. ISSN 2165-8102. ... Xenopus laevis is also notable for its use in the first widely used method of pregnancy testing. In the 1930s, two South ... This animal is widely used because of its powerful combination of experimental tractability and close evolutionary relationship ... Albino clawed frogs are common and sold as animals for laboratories. They reproduce by fertilizing eggs outside of the female's ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/African_clawed_frog

Berglund, Anders (July 1993). "Risky sex: Male pipefishes mate at random in the presence of a predator". Animal Behaviour. 46 ( ... Other factors may restrict female reproductive success, including male pregnancy length and energy investment in progeny. ... "Male pregnancy and biparental immune priming". The American Naturalist. 180 (6): 802-814. doi:10.1086/668081. ISSN 0003-0147. ... "Post-copulatory sexual selection and sexual conflict in the evolution of male pregnancy". Nature. 464 (7287): 401-404. Bibcode: ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pipefish

Studies with human pharmacology and genetics, genetically manipulated rodents, and other animal models and randomized trials ... BMC pregnancy and childbirth vol. 14 241. 22 Jul. 2014, doi:10.1186/1471-2393-14-241 Li Y, He W, Liu T, Zhang Q (December 2010 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prostaglandin-endoperoxide_synthase_2

In July 2020, a drone survey of the J, K, and L pods revealed that J35 showed signs of an active pregnancy. She gave birth to a ... 1998 animal births, Individual orcas, Southern resident orcas). ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tahlequah_(orca)

A particular kind of bhoot, that of a woman who died during pregnancy or childbirth, is known as a churel (dakini in Nepal and ... Bhoots are able to shape-shift into various animal forms at will, but are most often seen in human shape. However, their feet ... The Bhutas, spirits of deified heroes, of fierce and evil beings, of Hindu deities and of animals, etc., are wrongly referred ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bhoot_(ghost)

Based on an in vitro experiment done in rats, researchers observed lung aplasia in animals that were fed with a diet deficient ... in vitamin A. From the result of this experiment, a theory was raised that vitamin A deficiency during pregnancy may cause ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulmonary_agenesis

Jesse Olszynko-Gryn, in his 'Pregnancy testing in Britain, c.1900-67 : laboratories, animals and demand from doctors, patients ... Jesse, Olszynko-Gryn (2015). Pregnancy testing in Britain, c.1900-67 : laboratories, animals and demand from doctors, patients ... 1950s and 1960s for testing human pregnancy. This early pregnancy test had been developed by Shapiro and Zwarenstein and it ... The Shapiro-Zwarenstein pregnancy test received international recognition and Xenopus laevis frogs were exported all over the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hillel_Abbe_Shapiro

... during and after pregnancy and childbirth, generally to women with low-risk pregnancies. Midwives are trained to assist during ... Some animal mothers are known to eat their afterbirth, called placentophagy. In some cultures the placenta may be consumed as a ... The BabyCenter Essential Guide to Pregnancy and Birth: Expert Advice and Real-World Wisdom from the Top Pregnancy and Parenting ... The term postterm pregnancy is used to discribe a condition in which a woman has not yet delivered her baby after 42 weeks of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Childbirth

Similar to animal models, human studies have investigated the role of epigenetics and transgenerational inheritance molecularly ... Biological vulnerability and HPA axis alterations may be observed after maternal epigenetic programing during pregnancy, ... Transgenerational stress in humans, as in animal models, induces effects influencing social behavior, reproductive success, ... similar to that found in animal models, has been observed in humans. Severe emotional trauma in the mother, for example, often ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transgenerational_stress_inheritance

... teen pregnancy, sexual abuse, and homosexuality. Reoccurring themes in her books for adults and children include the ravages of ... Alan and the Animal Kingdom (fiction) (1977) Darcourt (fiction) (1977) Hitchhike (fiction) (1978) The DeMaury Papers (fiction ... alcoholism on families, and the healing and redemptive power of animals. Her literary archives are in the de Grummond ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isabelle_Holland

Studies in both animals and humans have demonstrated that EEG changes induced by quazepam resemble normal sleep patterns ... Benzodiazepines require special precaution if used in the during pregnancy, in children, alcohol or drug-dependent individuals ... Very high dosage administration over prolonged periods of time, up to 52 weeks, of quazepam in animal studies provoked severe ... very similar to zolpidem and zaleplon in its pharmacology and can successfully substitute for zolpidem and zaleplon in animal ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quazepam

She wrote in her memoirs that her pregnancy and Avalon's absence made this one of her least favorite beach party movies. The ... Lembeck as Eric Von Zipper Beverly Adams as Cassandra John Ashley as Johnny Jody McCrea as Bonehead Marianne Gaba as Animal Len ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/How_to_Stuff_a_Wild_Bikini

Caimari F, Valassi E, Garbayo P, Steffensen C, Santos A, Corcoy R, Webb SM (February 2017). "Cushing's syndrome and pregnancy ... Cushing's syndrome may also occur in other animals including cats, dogs, and horses. Symptoms include rapid weight gain, ... Lindsay JR, Jonklaas J, Oldfield EH, Nieman LK (May 2005). "Cushing's syndrome during pregnancy: personal experience and review ... although pregnancy is extremely rare during the course of Cushing's Syndrome In March 2020, Isturisa (osilodrostat) oral ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cushing's_syndrome

After the first pregnancy, HIV can also decrease the immunity to malaria. This contributes to the increase of the vulnerability ... During this time people were unknowingly dying of infectious diseases in an event that; they touched their sick animals, had ... Because more women than men use health services, especially during pregnancy, they are more likely to come across unsterilized ... "Genital Shedding of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 DNA during Pregnancy: Association with Immunosuppression, Abnormal ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diseases_of_poverty

Hope Rescue, an animal charity in South Wales, reports that people have attempted to sell dogs they bought during lockdown on ... "Covid: UK coronavirus cases pass 10 million and vaccines safe in pregnancy". BBC News. 25 November 2021. Retrieved 27 November ... "Animals: Urgent meeting over lack of vets and more pets". BBC News. 30 November 2021. Retrieved 30 November 2021. "Covid: ... "Covid vaccines safe in pregnancy, data shows". BBC News. 25 November 2021. Retrieved 27 November 2021. "Drug and alcohol ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_in_the_United_Kingdom_(July–December_2021)

British pregnancy films, American pregnancy films, Universal Pictures films, Films about bureaucracy, BAFTA winners (films), ... Cuarón added a pig balloon to the scene as homage to Pink Floyd's Animals. Other art works visible in this scene include ... Kee's pregnancy is revealed to Theo in a barn, alluding to the manger of the Nativity scene; when Theo asks Kee who the father ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Children_of_Men

... during pregnancy can negatively affect both the mother and fetus. Animal studies indicate that maternal zinc ... A review of pregnancy outcomes in women with acrodermatitis enteropathica, reported that out of every seven pregnancies, there ... RDA for pregnancy is 11 mg/day. RDA for lactation is 12 mg/day. For infants up to 12 months the RDA is 3 mg/day. For children ... Increasing the amount of zinc in the soil and thus in crops and animals is an effective preventive measure. Zinc deficiency may ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zinc_deficiency

... who finds herself facing an unplanned pregnancy of her own. Young has described the film as inspired by the contrast between ... the industrialization of the birthing process among farm animals, contrasted against the way pregnancy and motherhood are ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milk_(2017_film)

"TV Animals". Amazing Tails. April 12, 1998. Animal Planet. Waggett, p. 35 "Hit: Walker is Todd on OLTL". Soap Opera Weekly. ... In 1995, Blair tricks Todd into marriage by faking a pregnancy. She later learns that she really is pregnant, but, after being ... Todd discovers she initially lied about her pregnancy and has the marriage annulled. When Blair becomes pregnant again, they ... and an Animal Planet documentary stated that they had developed an "impressive résumé" by the time they appeared on OLTL. They ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Todd_Manning

... and women may have procured small game animals for consumption and assisted men in driving herds of large game animals (such as ... status of women declined with the adoption of agriculture because women in farming societies typically have more pregnancies ... may have had their origins in these hypothetical Middle Paleolithic animal cults. Animal worship during the Upper Paleolithic ... Bird and other animal species produce music such as calls to attract mates. This hypothesis is generally less accepted than the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paleolithic

It appears to be safe in pregnancy and is therefore recommended among those who will be potentially exposed. It should not be ... Stokes A, Bauer JH, Hudson NP (1928). "Experimental transmission of yellow fever to laboratory animals". Am J Trop Med Hyg. 8 ( ... Use During Pregnancy and Breastfeeding "Stamaril powder and solvent for suspension for injection in pre-filled syringe - ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yellow_fever_vaccine

In animal studies, psychologically stressed rats display an increase in total REM sleep and the average length of REM phase ... Chronic maternal stress in pregnancy exposes the fetus to increased levels of glucocorticoid and inflammatory markers which in ... Changes in sleep patterns in depression are very close to those seen in acutely stressed animals; these changes can be used as ... Changes in sleep phase vary in animal models depending on the stressor but do not alter total sleep duration except for novelty ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Psychological_stress_and_sleep

In her later years, Sarah Jane suffered from recurring pleurisy and pregnancies, which kept her confined to bed for much of the ... 8 The steady decline in the wild animal population in the region meant that more and more hunters were competing for scarcer ... deer and other game animals, and the numerous lakes with aquatic fowl of every variety." In October 1834, 23-year-old Henry ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_Hastings_Sibley

It adapts during pregnancy to allow the development of the foetus whose genetic load is only partially shared with their mother ... It is thought to have an animal (zoonotic) origin. Genetic analysis has revealed that the coronavirus genetically clusters with ... Coagulation: During pregnancy, there are higher levels of circulating coagulation factors, and the pathogenesis of SARS-CoV-2 ... In addition to the above, other clinical studies have proved that SARS-CoV-2 can affect the period of pregnancy in different ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19

"Pembrolizumab (Keytruda) Use During Pregnancy". Drugs.com. 24 September 2019. Archived from the original on 14 June 2020. ... it should not be administered to pregnant women because animal studies have shown that it can reduce tolerance to the fetus, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pembrolizumab

Future research should focus on events that happen in pregnancy and labour that could be the cause of long-term problems for ... it has been recently proposed in an exhaustive BJOG review of animal and human studies that terms such as saltatory pattern, ... Cardiotocography (CTG) is a technique used to monitor the fetal heartbeat and the uterine contractions during pregnancy and ... Alfirevic, Zarko; Gyte, Gillian ML; Cuthbert, Anna; Devane, Declan (2017-02-03). Cochrane Pregnancy and Childbirth Group (ed ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cardiotocography

The tale is related to the international cycle of the Animal as Bridegroom or The Search of the Lost Husband. A king had three ... The same happens to their second child, but, with the third pregnancy, the White Hound alerts his wife not to return home, ... The tale was also classified as ATU 425A, "The Animal as Bridegroom". East of the Sun and West of the Moon Prince Wolf The ... These tales mostly refer to a human maiden being betrothed to an animal bridegroom, who is actually a prince cursed into a non- ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Three_Daughters_of_King_O'Hara

During her four years on-screen, the character contends with a phantom pregnancy, marital breakdown and finally insanity. Kathy ... who specialised in providing and training animals for television and films. They had found a seven-month-old Poodle, called ... who specialised in providing and training animals for television and films, was contacted by EastEnders co-creator/producer ... of Michelle becomes central to the programme and is the focus of a controversial storyline involving her teenage pregnancy. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_EastEnders_characters_(1985)

Her pregnancy turns into a scandal as she is betrothed to Sualtam mac Róich, and the Ulstermen suspect Conchobar of being the ... The woman reveals herself as the Morrígan, and in revenge for this slight, she attacks him in various animal forms while he is ... with the same injuries he had given her in her animal forms. She gives him three drinks of milk, and with each drink he blesses ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cú_Chulainn

Senator Lindsey Graham introduced legislation that would ban abortion nationwide after 15 weeks of pregnancy with exceptions ... "FDA Spurs Innovation for Human Food from Animal Cell Culture Technology". FDA. November 16, 2022. Retrieved November 17, 2022 ... in which he killed a pedestrian but initially said he might have struck a deer or another large animal. April 13 Abortion in ... Attorney General Garland argues that Idaho's abortion ban prevents doctors from aborting pregnancies even if the health of the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_in_the_United_States

Boschann HW (July 1958). "Observations of the role of progestational agents in human gynecologic disorders and pregnancy ... injectable treatments in animal models of traumatic brain injury". ACS Med Chem Lett. 3 (5): 362-6. doi:10.1021/ml200303r. PMC ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Progestogen_ester

Copyright © 2022 Animal Fair , Wendy Diamond , Pet lifestyle Expert , Animal Rescue Advocate/ Celebrity Pets. All Rights ... Wendy Diamond, Entrepreneur, Leading Pet Lifestyle expert, Best Selling Author, TV Personality and Endangered Animal and Rescue ...

https://animalfair.com/tag/pregnancy-and-pets/

Get up-to-date information on Butler Schein Animal Health side effects, uses, dosage, overdose, pregnancy, alcohol and more. ... Learn more about Butler Schein Animal Health ... Butler Schein Animal Health manufacturers the following brands: ...

https://www.rxwiki.com/butler-schein-animal-health/

Discover the animals of the world and get inspired to build. Travel around the world and discover the planets amazing animals ... From tigers to tortoises and camels to chameleons, the LEGO Animal Atlas is a must for little animal lovers and fans of LEGO. ... Featuring more than 100 models of the worlds most awesome animals, LEGO Animal Atlas is packed with fascinating facts, fun ... LEGO® Animal Atlas. by admin June 6, 2018, 12:01 pm. 2.5k Views ... the LEGO Animal Atlas features the worlds most popular animals ...

https://lovedbyparents.com/lego-animal-atlas/

... is what interferes with the development of the heart and jaw during the first three to eight weeks of pregnancy. ... Fever in early pregnancy linked to birth defects, animal study shows October 11, 2017 ... Fevers in a mothers first trimester of pregnancy increase the babys risk for some heart defects and facial deformities such ... "While doctors advise most women to avoid any drug during pregnancy, there may be benefits to taking acetaminophen to reduce ...

https://vcresearch.berkeley.edu/news/fever-early-pregnancy-linked-birth-defects-animal-study-shows

Pregnancy. Pregnancy. Based on its mechanism of action, can cause fetal harm when administered during pregnancy ... Animal data. *Animal studies have demonstrated that inhibition of the PD-L1/PD-1 pathway can lead to increased risk of immune- ... Either animal studies show no risk but human studies not available or animal studies showed minor risks and human studies done ... Animal studies show risk and human studies not available or neither animal nor human studies done. ...

https://www.medscape.com/drug/tecentriq-atezolizumab-1000098

However, it is much more common among animals such as rats, mice, rabbits, and the African Squirrel. ... Mpox and Pregnancy. Mpox virus can be spread to the fetus during pregnancy or to the newborn by close contact during and after ... Infected Animals. Anyone in close personal contact with a person or animal with mpox can become infected and should take steps ... The most common route for transmission of mpox from infected animals to people is direct contact with the infectious rash, ...

https://www.cdc.gov/poxvirus/mpox/transmission.html

Anacapa Island animal photos animal rescues animal sanctuary animal stories animal video animal videos breeding dogs breeding ... Center-Sinai Animal Hospital Videos diabetes dog and cat friends dog and cat videos dog eulogy dog photos dog pregnancy Dr. ... The Laila Tov Saga #7 - Our Girl Wins Again! - Center-Sinai Animal Hospital on Laila Tov Saga #1 - Laila Tov, Dr. Baums great- ... The Laila Tov Saga #8 - Hard to Handle - Center-Sinai Animal Hospital on A (French Bulldog) Family Affair! The Laila Tov Saga # ...

https://centersinaianimalhospital.com/conditions-and-problems/pregnancy/

Australian animal declared extinct after decades-long search: Super sad. Yahoo News Australia·4-min read ... Woman who cut baby from pregnant friends womb to cover up her own fake pregnancy could now be executed. Read full article. ... A Texas woman who cut a baby from her pregnant friends womb to cover up her own fake pregnancy now faces the possibility of ... "In the middle of a performance of a lifetime, with her fake pregnancy, her ex-husband sends an email to Wade Griffin that its ...

https://au.news.yahoo.com/woman-cut-baby-pregnant-friend-164618933.html

Thus, HIV infection and parasitemia are important independent risk factors for adverse pregnancy outcomes. Among multigravidae ... and they may interact to increase risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes. In 2005 and 2006, we followed 831 pregnant women ... The Internal Parasites of Domestic Animals. A Manual for Veterinary Surgeons By Thomas W. M. Cameron. Pp. 292, 144 ... Pregnancy and HIV Study Group. AIDS 12: 643- 650.. Leroy. V. Ladner. J. Nyiraziraje. M. De Clercq. A. Bazubagira. A. Van de ...

https://www.ajtmh.org/view/journals/tpmd/87/1/article-p29.xml?rskey=ccaYma&result=2

Services include animal adoptions, animal rescue, animal shelters, cruelty to animals investigation,… More.... ... Animal Shelters SOCIETY FOR THE PREVENTION OF CRUELTY TO ANIMALS LOS ANGELES - P.D. PITCHFORD COMPANION ANIMAL VILLAGE AND ... Teen Pregnancy Prevention Provider: FOOTHILL FAMILY SERVICE. The agency provides family life education for individuals in Los ... Teen Pregnancy Prevention Welfare Rights Assistance ( Pregnant Teens ) Youth/Student Support Groups ...

https://211la.org/resources/service/teen-pregnancy-prevention-1

Pregnancy Ultrasound Image. There is nothing more exciting than the anticipation of the arrival of a new litter of puppies. Our ... Pregnancy Ultrasound Image. X-rays are probably the most effective way to determine if your dog is pregnant. Our Veterinarians ... Ultrasound is the same technology used to generate Sonograms during human pregnancy, using sound waves that are transmitted ...

https://www.conyersanimalhospital.com/pregnancy-ultrasound-radiographs/

Animal contact. Treatment during preg. Pt 1. 33. 2. Fever and cough first weeks of pregnancy. Yes, cattle, vet. Yes, from wk 15 ... Patient characteristics and pregnancy outcomes in 12 women who had positive Coxiella burnetii titers during pregnancy, Denmark* ... Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes and Coxiella burnetii Antibodies in Pregnant Women, Denmark Stine Yde Nielsen. , Kåre Mølbak, Tine ... Dry cough for weeks just before first pregnancy. Yes, cattle, vet. No. 8 wk. NA. Miscarriage. NA. ...

https://wwwnc.cdc.gov/eid/article/20/6/13-0584-t1

Clinicians report low levels of prescribing NRT during pregnancy, due to safety concerns and low levels of confidence in their ... Animal models show that nicotine is harmful to the fetus, especially for brain and lung development, but human studies have not ... Nicotine replacement therapy for smoking cessation during pregnancy Med J Aust. 2018 Jan 15;208(1):46-51. doi: 10.5694/ ... Clinicians report low levels of prescribing NRT during pregnancy, due to safety concerns and low levels of confidence in their ...

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29320660/

Prep for babys arrival with a custom pregnancy planner! Informative, fun, practical, and therapeutic - browse our pregnancy ... Colorful Animal Pattern Mom-to-Be Planner 6"x8": $53.95. 8.5"x11": $63.95. View Details. ... Prepare for the arrival of your new bundle of joy with the PurpleTrail Pregnancy Planner & Keepsake! Ideal for expectant ... youll feel super-ready for a baby with the PurpleTrail Pregnancy Planner & Keepsake! ...

https://www.purpletrail.com/planners/pregnancy-planners?page=2

Buffalo man sentenced on animal cruelty charge How to prevent house fires during holiday decorating ... A trial to determine whether Georgia can continue to ban abortion as early as six weeks into a pregnancy is set to begin in an ... A trial to determine whether Georgia can continue to ban abortion as early as six weeks into a pregnancy is set to begin in an ... Judge overturns Georgia ban on abortion starting around 6 weeks into a pregnancy by: Joseph Choi ...

https://www.wivb.com/hill-politics/judge-overturns-georgia-ban-on-abortion-starting-around-6-weeks-into-a-pregnancy/

Either animal studies show no risk but human studies not available or animal studies showed minor risks and human studies done ... Pregnancy. There are no adequate and well-controlled studies in pregnant women; administer during pregnancy only if potential ... Animal studies show risk and human studies not available or neither animal nor human studies done. ... Animal data. *Delayed ossification in mice and skeletal anomalies in rabbits observed after drug administered in daily doses up ...

https://reference.medscape.com/drug/desferal-deferoxamine-343722

Pregnancy & Lactation. Pregnancy. An MPS I Registry has been established and pregnant women with MPS I should be encouraged to ... Either animal studies show no risk but human studies not available or animal studies showed minor risks and human studies done ... Pregnancy can exacerbate preexisting clinical manifestations of MPS and lead to adverse pregnancy outcomes for both mother and ... Animal studies show risk and human studies not available or neither animal nor human studies done. ...

https://reference.medscape.com/drug/aldurazyme-laronidase-342863

I will only share reviews on products that are cruelty free and do not harm animals here. I am PR friendly and interested in ...

https://www.therightonmom.com/2014/11/vegan-protein-packed-pancakes.html

Pregnancy and Reproductive Health. *. Women, Infants and Children. . **. Personal Health and Prevention. ... CDPH-permitted animals are required to be quarantined in facilities approved by CDPH. Imported animals may be released from ... Wild Animal Importation. Persons and organizations who desire to import certain species of non-human primate, bat, or carnivore ... Importation of wild animals into California from outside the United States is subject to regulation by the Division of Global ...

https://www.cdph.ca.gov/Programs/CID/DCDC/Pages/WildAnimalImportation.aspx

... and Bellylabs is referred being one of the major animal pregnancy test kit companies. ... The animal pregnancy test kit market will increase in North America also due to rising awareness about animal healthcare. ... The market growth is expected to be fast, and one of the main factors fueling the expansion of the market for animal pregnancy ... Bellylabs is referred being one of the major animal pregnancy test kit companies. ...

https://belly-labs.com/animal-pregnancy-test-kit-market-growing-fast/

IFPA meeting 2014 workshop report: Animal models to study pregnancy pathologies; new approaches to study human placental ... These workshops related to various aspects of placental biology but collectively covered areas of animal models, xenobiotics, ... exposure to xenobiotics; biomarkers of pregnancy pathologies; placental genetics and epigenetics; the placenta and stillbirth ...

https://pesquisa.bvsalud.org/perinatal/resource/pt/mdl-25703592

Gelatin is a protein made from animal products. It is considered safe in common food amounts, but has little evidence of health ... Gelatin comes from animals. This has led to some concern about contamination from sick animals. But there havent been any ... Pregnancy: Gelatin is commonly consumed in foods. It is possibly safe to use colla corii asini, a specific type of gelatin made ... Gelatin is a protein made from animal collagen, usually from cows and pigs. Its commonly used to make capsules, cosmetics, ...

https://medlineplus.gov/druginfo/natural/1051.html

Finerenone Pregnancy Warnings. Animal studies have revealed evidence of embryofetal toxicity and teratogenicity at maternotoxic ... US FDA pregnancy category: Not assigned.. Risk summary: No data available on use of this drug during pregnancy to inform a drug ... US FDA pregnancy category Not Assigned: The US FDA has amended the pregnancy labeling rule for prescription drug products to ... There are no controlled data in human pregnancy.. AU TGA pregnancy category D: Drugs which have caused, are suspected to have ...

https://www.drugs.com/pregnancy/finerenone.html

Breast Cancer during Pregnancy. Management of breast cancer during pregnancy or pregnancy associated breast cancer requires ... Cell and Animal Model of Inflammatory Breast Cancer Developed Personalised Printable Document (PDF). Please complete this form ... researchers at Fox Chase Cancer Center have developed a new cell and animal model that holds promise for providing a detailed ... Pregnancy Confirmation Calculator Hearing Loss Calculator Blood Pressure Calculator ...

https://www.medindia.net/news/cell-and-animal-model-of-inflammatory-breast-cancer-developed-99945-1.htm

Bydureon BCise and pregnancy. There are limited studies on this drugs effects on human pregnancies. At this time, there isnt ... Animal studies show possible harm to a fetus. However, studies in animals dont always predict how a drug might affect humans. ... Animal studies show that Bydureon BCise passes into breast milk. But animal studies dont always indicate what may happen in ... In animals, Bydureon BCise can increase the risk of thyroid tumors and thyroid cancer. Its not known if Bydureon BCise has ...

https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/326255

Information about the Alexandria Campaign on Adolescent Pregnancy. ... Learn more about pets and animals, schools and libraries, parks and farmers markets, community gardens, and more. ... Current Data on Teen Pregnancy ACAP is pleased to announce that the teen pregnancy rate for the City is at its lowest in ... Alexandria Campaign on Adolescent Pregnancy Information about the Alexandria Campaign on Adolescent Pregnancy. ...

https://www.alexandriava.gov/ACAP

... pregnancy loss and more in this weeks COVID Booster. ... pregnancy. *Women with a breech positioned baby feel pressure ... COVID Booster: Pregnancy loss, steroid side effects, and climate change. Five things we learned about COVID-19 this week. *. ... Vaccines dont cause early pregnancy loss. A study of over 18,000 pregnant people has found no link between COVID-19 vaccines ... Living near fracking sites may have negative effects on pregnancies. *New stem cell research has far-reaching potential for ...

https://cosmosmagazine.com/health/covid/booster-vaccines-delta-death-pregnancy-climate-women-science/?noamp=mobile

79 Abstracts with Pregnancy Complications Research. Filter by Study Type. Animal Study. ... Diseases : CRP, Elevated CRP, Pre-Eclampsia, Pregnancy: Vaccination, Pregnancy Complications, Preterm Birth: Prevention , ... Magnesium supplementation during pregnancy likely decrease probability occurrence of many complications of pregnancy.Dec 31, ... Diseases : Migraine Disorders, Pregnancy-Associated Migraines, Pregnancy Complications. Therapeutic Actions : Acupuncture, ...

https://greenmedinfo.com/disease/pregnancy-complications

Animal Clinic of Billings. Services. Pregnancies and Reproductive Services. Pregnancies and Reproductive Services. ... Pregnancy in both dogs and cats lasts about 60 days. There are two primary ways to confirm pregnancy. Starting at about 3 weeks ... Once pregnancy has been confirmed, special prenatal support measures, such as feeding changes and at-home monitoring, can be ... Call the Animal Clinic of Billings to schedule your dogs next wellness examination with us today! ...

https://www.animalclinicofbillings.com/services/animal-pregnancies/

Animal models show that nicotine is harmful to the fetus, especially for brain and lung development, but human studies have not found any harmful effects on fetal and pregnancy outcomes. (nih.gov)
A Mediterranean diet with an extra consumption of extra virgin olive oil and pistachios improves pregnancy outcomes in women without gestational diabetes. (greenmedinfo.com)
Gestational Diabetes Mellitus, Obesity, and Pregnancy Outcomes. (routledge.com)
Also, women with asthma can have severe asthma attacks during pregnancy, which can result in adverse outcomes for the baby. (womenfitness.net)
Pregnancy-associated breast cancer is characterized by particularly poor outcomes, however the reasons remain obscure. (nih.gov)

Mpox virus can be spread to the fetus during pregnancy or to the newborn by close contact during and after birth. (cdc.gov)
This drug should not be used during pregnancy unless the benefit outweighs the risk to the fetus. (drugs.com)
Management of breast cancer during pregnancy or pregnancy associated breast cancer requires special consideration to avoid harm to the fetus. (medindia.net)
herbal or conventional medicines ( 10 ) while in Oman, a Because of this, pregnant women might unknowingly high prevalence in overall use of medications during take a medication that could affect her fetus, or the anx- pregnancy compared with the prepregnancy period was iety and overestimated risk perception may discourage reported ( 11 ). (who.int)
He discontinued levofloxacin and ordered an alternate antibiotic that was pregnancy category B. A maternal-fetal specialist was consulted and reported that one dose of levofloxacin should have no adverse effects on the fetus. (ahrq.gov)
To help practitioners weigh the risks and benefits of drug exposure during pregnancy, the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in 1979 devised a categorization scheme to communicate the safety of medications in pregnancy in terms of effects on the fetus ( Table ). (ahrq.gov)
9 ) Information in these three areas would include the developmental risk to the fetus, specific patient counseling and prescribing information, and data from studies in humans and animals (if available). (ahrq.gov)
During pregnancy, the body is forced to produce new blood supplies to transport nutrients to the fetus [ 7 ]. (carnivorestyle.com)

Role of lactoferrin in preventing preterm birth and pregnancy complications. (greenmedinfo.com)
Sometimes there can be complications with pregnancies, delivery, and neonatal care. (ahofstatesville.com)
Initial research efforts, which were embarked upon during the 1950s, assert that complications in a given pregnancy, the birthing process, and the incidence of autism are linked. (hindawi.com)
Pregnancy complications--prevention and control. (who.int)

Ultrasound is the same technology used to generate Sonograms during human pregnancy, using sound waves that are transmitted through your pet's body to create an image. (conyersanimalhospital.com)
Sometimes we ultrasound earlier in pregnancy to see if she's pregnant. (ahofstatesville.com)
Also at about 28 days into the pregnancy, your vet will be able to pick up fetal heartbeats with ultrasound. (dog-health-guide.org)

Rats exposed to this drug during pregnancy and lactation showed increased pup mortality and other adverse effects(lower pup weight, delayed pinna unfolding) at about 4 times the AUC(unbound) expected in humans. (drugs.com)
In caring for women, such a history should include height, weight, current and past medical history (including current pregnancy, past pregnancy, and lactation), as well as a comprehensive medication history that includes prescription, over-the-counter, and complementary/alternative medicine products. (ahrq.gov)

Either animal studies show no risk but human studies not available or animal studies showed minor risks and human studies done and showed no risk. (medscape.com)
Risks associated to different methods of increasing pregnancy rate of " by Tamara Esteves de Oliveira, Julio Otavio Jardim Barcellos et al. (unl.edu)
This study assessed the risks of different management practices to increase pregnancy rate in beef cow-calf systems, aiming at assisting decision-making. (unl.edu)
The perception of 18 experts on animal sciences regarding the risks of 32 nutritional, breeding, and general management practices applied to increase pregnancy rate were evaluated through questionnaires. (unl.edu)
Lutgendorf noted that although relative risks of COVID-19 are increased in pregnancy, this information should be provided in the context of overall low absolute risks for breathing support (2.9 per 1,000), heart and lung support (0.7 per 1,000), and death (1.5 per 1,000). (health.mil)
Pregnancy-related anemia has risks. (natural-fertility-info.com)
This article provides a summary of many psychosocial and environmental risks during pregnancy. (medscape.com)
A study also showed that there is a deficiency in both emergency department (ED) and obstetric/gynecologic physicians' knowledge when counseling women about the risks of diagnostic imaging in pregnancy. (medscape.com)

A Texas woman who cut a baby from her pregnant friend's womb to cover up her own fake pregnancy now faces the possibility of execution. (yahoo.com)
A study of over 18,000 pregnant people has found no link between COVID-19 vaccines and pregnancy loss. (cosmosmagazine.com)
The most important thing to know is if your cat is pregnant because if she is, we can ensure she's on track to have a healthy pregnancy and delivery. (ahofstatesville.com)
If not desexed, check if the animal is pregnant. (agriculture.gov.au)
One third of women experience no change in their asthma during pregnancy, one third actually notice an improvement when they are pregnant, and one third may experience a flare-up of their asthma during this time. (womenfitness.net)
This decrease in intraocular pressure may have implications for pregnant women with preexisting glaucoma, since improvement of the disease during pregnancy has been reported in a few cases. (medscape.com)
A lack of available resources and unknown pregnancy status were the main concerns about dispensing medication to pregnant women. (who.int)
In the end, after the researchers adjusted for pre-pregnancy infection or infection while pregnant with a sibling without autism, the association grew weaker and, therefore, could not be considered causal. (safeminds.org)
At 28 - 30 days into the suspected dog pregnancy, your veterinarian can perform a blood test to determine if your dog is indeed pregnant. (dog-health-guide.org)
Pregnant women can be at risk for certain nutritional deficiencies, so it is key in pregnancy to be sure to eat adequate amounts of pregnancy-supportive nutrients like protein, calcium, vitamin D, folate and iron, etc. (natural-fertility-info.com)
It's very common for pregnant women to become low in iron at some point during their pregnancy. (natural-fertility-info.com)

A New York City woman was sent a huge medical bill after receiving care for her ectopic pregnancy, an instance that shows that cost could be a barrier to care for some women, even in states where abortion is protected. (yahoo.com)
Laub told KHN that she visited Lenox Hill Hospital's emergency department in New York City where she could either have surgery to remove her fallopian tube or be given an injection of methotrexate, a cancer drug used to end an ectopic pregnancy. (yahoo.com)
As scary as my ordeal felt at the time, I was acutely aware that I was fortunate to have easy access to treatment, and elsewhere women with my condition face much worse experiences," Laub told KHN, referring to states where treatment for ectopic pregnancies are delayed or banned due to laws enacted after the overturn of Roe v. Wade . (yahoo.com)
Ectopic pregnancies, which can be life-threatening conditions, require close surveillance and management to ensure a successful resolution," the hospital said. (yahoo.com)
Treatment costs for ectopic pregnancies vary from state to state, and states like New York and California, although they protect abortion rights, currently have some of the most expensive average costs for abortion care. (yahoo.com)

Fevers in a mother's first trimester of pregnancy increase the baby's risk for some heart defects and facial deformities such as cleft lip or palate, but exactly how this happens is unclear. (berkeley.edu)
Ideal for expectant mothers, the PurpleTrail Pregnancy planner comes with a 12-month calendar spread, checklists & tips for every trimester, appointment pages, contact logs, and health & mood trackers. (purpletrail.com)
Acute fatty liver of pregnancy (AFLP), a catastrophic illness for both the mother and the unborn offspring, develops in the last trimester of pregnancy with significant maternal and perinatal mortality. (mdpi.com)
5-7 ) For example, categories do not clearly communicate relative risk (e.g., risk does not necessarily increase as one goes from categories C to D to X) nor how the risk of drug exposure might vary depending on the trimester of pregnancy during which the exposure occurs. (ahrq.gov)
Pregnancy increases the need for these essential nutrients even more than usual, particularly in the third trimester of the pregnancy. (carnivorestyle.com)

Malaria in pregnancy : deadly parasite, susceptible host / edited by Patrick E. Duffy and Michal Fried. (who.int)

There is a lot of misinformation regarding possible effects of COVID-19 vaccinations on pregnancy and fertility," says Dr Alex Polyakov, an obstetrician and senior lecturer at the University of Melbourne, who was not involved in the study. (cosmosmagazine.com)
A thorough physical exam is essential to detect abnormalities that could be passed on to offspring or that could impair fertility or the ability to safely carry a pregnancy. (animalclinicofbillings.com)
However, extrauterine pregnancies occur more frequently in women receiving fertility treatments, at about every 1 in 100 pregnancies. (yahoo.com)
It is as important to take good care of yourself and your baby during pregnancy as it was to care for your fertility health prior to conception. (natural-fertility-info.com)
Researchers Geoffrey Sher and Jeffrey Fisch gave Viagra, also known as sildenafil, to women undergoing fertility treatment to test whether the medication could improve fertility and pregnancy rates. (asu.edu)
The researchers proposed that Viagra, typically indicated to treat erectile dysfunction in men, would help women with a history of failed past fertility treatments by thickening their endometrial lining, which is the layer of tissue in the uterus where an embryo implants during pregnancy. (asu.edu)

The Living Infants Fairness and Equality (LIFE) Act in Georgia bans abortions after a fetal heartbeat is detectable, generally around six weeks into a pregnancy. (wivb.com)
But infants, children and animals-living beings who can't "overthink" themselves well-get results from using our remedies. (zocalopublicsquare.org)
Because Red mothers rarely nursed their infants (too "animal-like") they resumed ovulation rapidly, and were ready for a new pregnancy in a month or two. (thenervousbreakdown.com)
Human Toxoplasmosis: Occurrence in Infants as an Encephalomyelitis Verification of Transmission to Animals' (1939), by Abner Wolf et al. (asu.edu)
They published the results of their experiment in Human Toxoplasmosis: Occurrence in Infants as an Encephalomyelitis Verification of Transmission to Animals. (asu.edu)

Effect of HIV-1 infection on pregnancy outcome in women in Kigali, Rwanda, 1992-1994. (ajtmh.org)
Obesity Versus Glycemic Control: Which Contributes More to Adverse Pregnancy Outcome? (routledge.com)

BACKGROUND: Alcohol consumption during pregnancy is associated with major birth defects and developmental disabilities. (wineinformationcouncil.eu)

These rates may be hampered by the fact that studies so far have used an NRT dose that does not adequately account for the higher nicotine metabolism during pregnancy and, therefore, does not adequately treat withdrawal symptoms. (nih.gov)
Metabolism in Normal Pregnancy. (routledge.com)
Intermediary Metabolism in Pregnancies Complicated by Gestational Diabetes. (routledge.com)

The Textbook of Diabetes and Pregnancy presents a comprehensive review of the science, clinical management, and medical implications of gestational diabetes mellitus, a condition with serious consequences that is on the increase in all developed societies. (routledge.com)
Written by a cadre of experts, the book provides a comprehensive, authoritative, and international view of gestational diabetes mellitus and will be invaluable to maternal-fetal medicine specialists, diabetologists, neonatologists, and a growing number of gynecologists and general physicians concerned with the management of noncommunicable diseases in pregnancy. (routledge.com)
Gestational Diabetes Mellitus in Multiple Pregnancies. (routledge.com)
I can't think of another animal that has such a large gestational load," says Dr Suzy Munns, who recently saw a veritable baby boom with mother stumpies she had collected from the South Australian desert. (abc.net.au)

While doctors advise most women to avoid any drug during pregnancy, there may be benefits to taking acetaminophen to reduce fever. (berkeley.edu)
US FDA pregnancy category Not Assigned: The US FDA has amended the pregnancy labeling rule for prescription drug products to require labeling that includes a summary of risk, a discussion of the data supporting that summary, and relevant information to help health care providers make prescribing decisions and counsel women about the use of drugs during pregnancy. (drugs.com)
Pregnancy-related mortality is higher among women delivered by cesarean. (greenmedinfo.com)
Role of Bariatric Surgery in Obese Women Planning Pregnancy. (routledge.com)
Some women develop asthma for the first time during pregnancy. (womenfitness.net)
In some of the women who appear to have asthma for the first time, if you go into some detail in the medical history, you find that they probably had some previous asthma, it just was very mild or very intermittent, so it wasn't noticed until now because the pregnancy seemed to make it worse. (womenfitness.net)
unplanned, representing about 85 million women ( 4 ), and Maternal health refers to the health of women pre-preg- most of these women have used medicines before their nancy, during pregnancy, childbirth and postpartum ( 1 ). (who.int)
Medication use during pregnancy is challenging be- of all women use at least one prescription drug during cause of the potential fetal risk associated with the use pregnancy ( 5 ). (who.int)
USA) found that in 88% of all pregnancies, women es during pregnancy, women suffer from a variety of used at least one medication, either prescribed or over symptoms, such as nausea and vomiting, constipation, the counter ( 6 ). (who.int)
Can women with asthma have safe pregnancies? (aaaai.org)
Asthma symptoms are rare during labor and delivery in women whose asthma has been managed during pregnancy. (aaaai.org)
Said Ryan: "Although it is unclear how pregnancy may affect infection risk, some women who have been infected with COVID-19 during pregnancy have experienced serious illness or death. (health.mil)
In one study, only 26% of medications taken by women during pregnancy were actually documented in the patient's chart. (ahrq.gov)
However, for some women, ferrous sulfate can cause constipation, which is another pregnancy problem. (natural-fertility-info.com)
We don't associate 'older women' with pregnancy because of menopause. (wolfquest.org)

Less than 5% of all chemicals used in the U.S. have been tested, even in laboratory animals, to determine if they are toxic to reproductive health. (cdc.gov)
As COVID-19 vaccines were being developed, studies in the laboratory and animals showed no reproductive health problems," Ryan added. (health.mil)

Once pregnancy has been confirmed, special prenatal support measures, such as feeding changes and at-home monitoring, can be instituted as needed, and preparations can be made for the birth. (animalclinicofbillings.com)
The fact that several risk factors during the prenatal and labor periods are implicated in autism should prompt the medical community to focus on the pregnancy and labor periods as preventive measures to curb the incidence of autism. (hindawi.com)

A trial to determine whether Georgia can continue to ban abortion as early as six weeks into a pregnancy is set to begin in an Atlanta courtroom on Monday, Oct. 24, 2022. (wivb.com)

Video: Animated Bedtime Story for Children with sleepy Animals Nighty Night Circus Winter (January 2023). (stjcc.net)

The Karolinska Institutet in Stockholm recently released a study that found that maternal infection during pregnancy is associated with autism and intellectual disability in offspring. (safeminds.org)
The higher percentages in the infection-exposed cohort demonstrate that exposure to maternal infection during pregnancy is associated with autism and intellectual disability. (safeminds.org)

COVID-19 infection in pregnancy also seems to increase risk of preterm birth. (health.mil)

METHODS: To evaluate biochemically assessed prevalence of alcohol consumption during early pregnancy using phosphatidylethanol levels, we conducted a prospective, cross-sectional, single center study in the largest tertiary hospital of the Netherlands. (wineinformationcouncil.eu)

Imported animals may be released from quarantine only after being certified by a veterinarian as healthy and free from infectious diseases and upon authorization by CDPH. (ca.gov)
If you are a registered veterinarian, follow these steps to prepare companion animals for export. (agriculture.gov.au)
I understand also that there is always a risk associated with any anesthesia episode, even in apparently healthy animals and have discussed my concerns with the veterinarian. (jotform.com)

However, what most of us fail to express to our children is what exactly happens in the mother's womb during the pregnancy period. (trendcentral.com)
Healthy iron levels in pregnancy are necessary in order for the mother's body to make blood for her baby. (natural-fertility-info.com)

There is a significant link between exposure to PM2.5 and hypertensive disorders in pregnancy. (greenmedinfo.com)
In summary, the deleterious effects of alcohol exposure in relation to nutrient homeostasis further validate that avoidance of alcohol consumption during pregnancy is the most effective way to mitigate the teratogenic effects of alcohol. (wineinformationcouncil.eu)

A urine pregnancy test was ordered and was positive. (ahrq.gov)

Responding to these critiques, in May 2008 the FDA proposed a new rule to remove the pregnancy categories and instead require that product labels include three main components: a fetal risk summary, clinical considerations, and a data section in the labeling. (ahrq.gov)

For the first three weeks or so of your dog pregnancy, you may not notice any symptoms. (dog-health-guide.org)
Pregnancy may affect the severity of your asthma symptoms. (aaaai.org)
Managing your symptoms is very important during pregnancy. (aaaai.org)
Anemia During Pregnancy: Causes, Symptoms, Treatment. (natural-fertility-info.com)

Pregnancy Categories will be replaced on medication bottles with specific warnings and precautions by 2020 in U.S. (fpnotebook.com)
Medication use during pregnancy is common. (who.int)
Pharmacists have an important role in improving medication use during pregnancy. (who.int)
There is a lack of empirical evidence on pharmacists' knowledge and practice characteristics towards medication use in pregnancy. (who.int)
Most pharmacists (71%) had not participated in any educational activities on medication use in pregnancy. (who.int)
The majority of the respondents had average knowledge about medication use in pregnancy. (who.int)
In Europe, the prevalence of prescribed indigestion, hypertension, eclampsia and infections, for medications during pregnancy varied considerably which medication use may be unavoidable at times ( 2 ). (who.int)

Pregnancy in both dogs and cats lasts about 60 days. (animalclinicofbillings.com)
Pregnancy in cats lasts only two months, and time flies. (ahofstatesville.com)
Canine pregnancy lasts approximately 65 days (range is 56 to 70 days). (dog-health-guide.org)

Featuring more than 100 models of the world's most awesome animals, LEGO Animal Atlas is packed with fascinating facts, fun images, information on different habitats, building tips plus much more. (lovedbyparents.com)
From the cuddly koala in the Australian outback to the fierce lion prowling the African savanna, the LEGO Animal Atlas features the world's most popular animals, but also some of it's more unusual inhabitants, including the Blue Footed Booby and mysterious giant squid. (lovedbyparents.com)
An Australian lizard endures what may be the world's worst pregnancy, scientists say. (abc.net.au)
Use these social-bookmarking links to share Lizard suffers world's worst pregnancy . (abc.net.au)

The researchers specifically investigated the associations between maternal infection during pregnancy and these offspring's risk for autism and intellectual disability. (safeminds.org)
of the 34,013 children exposed to maternal infection during pregnancy were later diagnosed with intellectual disability and autism, respectively. (safeminds.org)
Additionally, this work discovered an association between maternal infection in the year before pregnancy for autism but not intellectual disability. (safeminds.org)
A sibling comparison (without autism) was also conducted, which found a lower association between maternal infection during pregnancy with autism and, to a lesser extent with intellectual disability. (safeminds.org)

In hyperlipidemia medications the authors large discussed the internet, the data suggestion of the patients with hypertension were not only in pregnancy of treatment-based treatment with the medications as peace. (jewishledger.com)
s and animal continue to decreased both system and the risk of side effects of hypertension, but don't need to be determined. (jewishledger.com)

The Mayo Clinic says these pregnancies "can't proceed normally" because "the fertilized egg can't survive, and the growing tissue may cause life-threatening bleeding, if left untreated. (yahoo.com)

Pregnancy occurs approximately 11 to 14 days after insemination. (dog-health-guide.org)

Importation of wild animals into California from outside the United States is subject to regulation by the Division of Global Migration and Quarantine, U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention . (ca.gov)

Risk summary: No data available on use of this drug during pregnancy to inform a drug-related risk. (drugs.com)

These changes that occur during pregnancy revert most of the time after delivery, or at least within the three months postpartum. (womenfitness.net)
Contact lens intolerance may occur during pregnancy as a result of a change in corneal curvature, increased corneal thickness/edema, or an altered tear film. (medscape.com)
Additionally, decreased or transient loss of accommodation may occur during pregnancy or within the postpartum period. (medscape.com)
A decrease in intraocular pressure has been shown to occur during pregnancy and often persists for several months postpartum. (medscape.com)

Cats have some subtle signs early in pregnancy, which we talked about in another video. (ahofstatesville.com)
Newly developed Krukenberg spindles have been observed early in pregnancy. (medscape.com)

Four to five weeks into pregnancy, a clear mucus vaginal discharge may be noticed. (dog-health-guide.org)
You should be at least 14 weeks into pregnancy to schedule this package. (pregnancytreasures.com)

Breastfeeding should never be equated to pregnancy in terms of health considerations for mother or child. (health.mil)

These workshops related to various aspects of placental biology but collectively covered areas of animal models , xenobiotics , pathological biomarkers , genetics and epigenetics , and stillbirth and fetal growth restriction . (bvsalud.org)
Genetics of Diabetic Pregnancy. (routledge.com)

You must be sure the animal listed on the country specific health certificate and import permit (if required) is the animal being exported. (agriculture.gov.au)
Improving lifelong health one pregnancy at a time. (ehd.org)
Iron & Pregnancy: Vibrant Health Comes from Iron Rich Blood. (natural-fertility-info.com)

We also summarize scientific reports that tested potential benefits of micronutrient supplementation in animal models of fetal alcohol spectrum disorders and in humans. (wineinformationcouncil.eu)
Questionnaires concerning alcohol consumption during pregnancy underestimate alcohol use while the use of a reliable and objective biomarker for alcohol consumption enables more accurate screening. (wineinformationcouncil.eu)
In this study we aimed to biochemically assess the prevalence of alcohol consumption during early pregnancy using phosphatidylethanol in blood and compare this with self-reported alcohol consumption. (wineinformationcouncil.eu)
To evaluate the effect of ligature-induced periodontitis association with chronic use of alcohol and stress on the behavior of the animals. (bvsalud.org)
In the first day, the animals of ALG and ASLG were exposed to the ingestion of water and 20% alcohol solution (v/v). The animals of ASLG and SLG underwent stress testing through physical restraint for 4 daily hours, during 60 days until their euthanasia. (bvsalud.org)
Considering the methodology used, it was possible to observe that the alcohol associated with chronic stress and ligature-induced periodontitis demonstrated few alterations on the behavior of the animals. (bvsalud.org)
The animals were randomly distributed into five groups, as follows: control group (CG), alcohol associated with ligature group (ALG), alcohol associated with stress and ligature (ASLG), stress associated with ligature (SLG) ligature group (LG). (bvsalud.org)

I will only share reviews on products that are cruelty free and do not harm animals here. (therightonmom.com)
Blankenship was indicted for three counts of assault and battery on a law enforcement officer, one count of assault on a law enforcement animal, one count of assault and battery, one count of obstruction of justice, and one count of animal cruelty. (animallaw.info)
As for the animal cruelty conviction, the Court found that there was sufficient evidence from which the circuit court could find that Blankenship voluntarily acted with a consciousness that inhumane injury or pain would result from punching and kicking Titan. (animallaw.info)
Blankenship had no right to resist the lawful arrest and his actions against Titan were not necessary, therefore, there was sufficient evidence to support Blankenship's conviction for animal cruelty. (animallaw.info)

Studies of efficacy and effectiveness in the real world suggest that NRT use during pregnancy increases smoking cessation rates. (nih.gov)
During pregnancy, blood volume increases by up to 50% to meet the needs of the baby! (natural-fertility-info.com)

Humans have been using condoms made from animal guts and bladders for thousands of years to prevent pregnancy and, eventually, disease. (mentalfloss.com)
I think what makes the reproductive pattern of animals with estrous cycles seem crazy to us (humans) is because we subconsciously compare it to our own species. (wolfquest.org)

This might include dust mites and animal dander, and irritants such as cigarette smoke. (aaaai.org)
For example, to treat allergies, a conventional pharmacist likely will dispense an antihistamine like Claritin or Zyrtec in which the active ingredient is designed to calm down your body's immune reaction to allergens like pollen or animal dander. (zocalopublicsquare.org)

However the team, led by Ronald Wapner of Columbia University in New York, found that 2.9 percent of the steroid-treated pregnancies produced a baby with cerebral palsy, compared to a rate of 0.5 percent among the children of placebo recipients. (nbcnews.com)

PDF] Serological screening for Coxiella burnetii in the context of early pregnancy loss in dairy cows. (semanticscholar.org)
The aims of this study were to evaluate the prevalence of Coxiella burnetii on both herd and animal level based on ELISA and PCR tests. (semanticscholar.org)
Serological survey of Coxiella burnetii infections in dairy cattle, sheep, goats and zoo animals in Hungary - Short communication. (semanticscholar.org)

Although these are common questions during pregnancy, each patient's individual treatment varies. (aaaai.org)
The admitting nurse received a report from the ED nurse, but again, the patient's pregnancy status was not mentioned. (ahrq.gov)

There are no controlled data in human pregnancy. (drugs.com)

The best things that you can do to ensure a healthy pregnancy is deworming and getting on a good quality kitten food. (ahofstatesville.com)
You can have a healthy pregnancy if you have asthma or allergies. (aaaai.org)

Elevated levels indicate pregnancy, but do not provide any information about litter size. (animalclinicofbillings.com)
Manual Palpitation (touching from outside the body): Manual palpitation of the female bitch at day 22 can often indicate pregnancy. (dog-health-guide.org)

Anatomy24

Organisms2

Diseases57

Chemicals and Drugs25

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment69

Psychiatry and Psychology8

Phenomena and Processes65

Disciplines and Occupations1

Anthropology, Education, Sociology and Social Phenomena5

Technology, Industry, Agriculture1

Information Science8

Named Groups9

Health Care38

Geographicals2

Phagocytic acitivity of bovine leukocytes during pregnancy. (1/3359)

Expression of the oxytocin receptor in relation to steroid receptors in the uterus of a primate model, the marmoset monkey. (2/3359)

Control and assessment of the uterus and cervix during pregnancy and labour. (3/3359)

A method for determining baroreflex-mediated sympathetic and parasympathetic control of the heart in pregnant and non-pregnant sheep. (4/3359)

Pregnancy detection and the effects of age, body weight, and previous reproductive performance on pregnancy status and weaning rates of farmed fallow deer (Dama dama). (5/3359)

An estimation of the requirement for folic acid in gestating sows: the metabolic utilization of folates as a criterion of measurement. (6/3359)

Metabolism of retinaldehyde isomers in pregnant rats: 13-cis- and all-trans-retinaldehyde, but not 9-cis-retinaldehyde, yield very similar patterns of retinoid metabolites. (7/3359)

Hemodynamic and renal effects of U-46619, a TXA2/PGH2 analog, in late-pregnant rats. (8/3359)

Pregnancy

Pregnancy Outcome

Pregnancy Complications

Pregnancy, Animal

Pregnancy, Ectopic

Pregnancy Trimester, First

Pregnancy Rate

Pregnancy Trimester, Third

Pregnancy Complications, Cardiovascular

Pregnancy Trimesters

Pregnancy Tests

Pregnancy, Multiple

Pregnancy in Diabetics

Pregnancy, Tubal

Pregnancy Trimester, Second

Pregnancy Complications, Neoplastic

Pregnancy in Adolescence

Pregnancy Complications, Infectious

Abortion, Spontaneous

Pregnancy Proteins

Pregnancy, Unplanned

Pregnancy, High-Risk

Pregnancy, Unwanted

Gestational Age

Pregnancy Complications, Hematologic

Pregnancy, Prolonged

Infant, Newborn

Pre-Eclampsia

Pregnancy, Twin

Placenta

Fetal Death

Abortion, Induced

Pregnancy, Abdominal

Uterus

Pregnancy Complications, Parasitic

Pregnancy Maintenance

Ultrasonography, Prenatal

Embryo Implantation

Embryo Transfer

Prenatal Care

Fertilization in Vitro

Maternal-Fetal Exchange

Parity

Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects

Birth Weight

Pregnancy Reduction, Multifetal

Maternal Age

Hypertension, Pregnancy-Induced

Cesarean Section

Fetal Growth Retardation

Progesterone

Premature Birth

Infertility, Female

Abnormalities, Drug-Induced

Lactation

Fetal Development

Decidua

Fetus

Labor, Obstetric

Obstetric Labor, Premature

Congenital Abnormalities

Twins

Prenatal Diagnosis

Maternal Exposure

Chorionic Gonadotropin

Diabetes, Gestational

Abortion, Therapeutic

Trophoblasts

Abortion, Habitual

Prospective Studies

Abortifacient Agents, Nonsteroidal

Insemination, Artificial

Delivery, Obstetric

Fetal Diseases

Puerperal Disorders

Endometrium

Sperm Injections, Intracytoplasmic

Risk Factors

Fertility

Infant, Low Birth Weight