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Predatory BehaviorAntsAmphipodaCladoceraVideodisc RecordingDipteryxBrazilNematodaGenome, HelminthDNA, HelminthGenes, HelminthCaenorhabditis elegansHelminth ProteinsVulvaPapio cynocephalusPapioCercopithecusCercopithecus aethiopsRainHaresBisonFelidaeLionsPantheraEncyclopedias as TopicArtiodactylaMycoplasma bovisMichiganResearchFemale Athlete Triad SyndromeAthletesSportsBasketballTrack and FieldManihotMitesVolatile Organic CompoundsAcariTetranychidaeVolatilizationPan troglodytesApe DiseasesPan paniscusAnimals, ZooGorilla gorillaGesturesCampingMicroclimateHolidaysFoxesBurialIsraelLiability, Legal
Predatory Behavior: Instinctual behavior pattern in which food is obtained by killing and consuming other species.Ants: Insects of the family Formicidae, very common and widespread, probably the most successful of all the insect groups. All ants are social insects, and most colonies contain three castes, queens, males, and workers. Their habits are often very elaborate and a great many studies have been made of ant behavior. Ants produce a number of secretions that function in offense, defense, and communication. (From Borror, et al., An Introduction to the Study of Insects, 4th ed, p676)Amphipoda: An order of mostly marine CRUSTACEA containing more than 5500 species in over 100 families. Like ISOPODA, the other large order in the superorder Peracarida, members are shrimp-like in appearance, have sessile compound eyes, and no carapace. But unlike Isopoda, they possess thoracic gills and their bodies are laterally compressed.Cladocera: A suborder of CRUSTACEA, order Diplostraca, comprising the water fleas. They are benthic filter feeders that consume PHYTOPLANKTON. The body is laterally compressed and enclosed in a bivalved carapace, from which the head extends.Videodisc Recording: The storing of visual and usually sound signals on discs for later reproduction on a television screen or monitor.Dipteryx: A plant genus of the family FABACEAE. Members contain COUMARINS.BrazilNematoda: A class of unsegmented helminths with fundamental bilateral symmetry and secondary triradiate symmetry of the oral and esophageal structures. Many species are parasites.Genome, Helminth: The genetic complement of a helminth (HELMINTHS) as represented in its DNA.DNA, Helminth: Deoxyribonucleic acid that makes up the genetic material of helminths.Genes, Helminth: The functional hereditary units of HELMINTHS.Caenorhabditis elegans: A species of nematode that is widely used in biological, biochemical, and genetic studies.Helminth Proteins: Proteins found in any species of helminth.Vulva: The external genitalia of the female. It includes the CLITORIS, the labia, the vestibule, and its glands.Papio cynocephalus: A species of baboon in the family CERCOPITHECIDAE found in southern equatorial and east Africa. They are smaller than PAPIO ANUBIS and have a thinner mane.Papio: A genus of the subfamily CERCOPITHECINAE, family CERCOPITHECIDAE, consisting of five named species: PAPIO URSINUS (chacma baboon), PAPIO CYNOCEPHALUS (yellow baboon), PAPIO PAPIO (western baboon), PAPIO ANUBIS (or olive baboon), and PAPIO HAMADRYAS (hamadryas baboon). Members of the Papio genus inhabit open woodland, savannahs, grassland, and rocky hill country. Some authors consider MANDRILLUS a subgenus of Papio.Cercopithecus: A genus of Old World monkeys found in Africa although some species have been introduced into the West Indies. This genus is composed of at least twenty species: C. AETHIOPS, C. ascanius, C. campbelli, C. cephus, C. denti, C. diana, C. dryas, C. erythrogaster, C. erythrotis, C. hamlyni, C. lhoesti, C. mitis, C. mona, C. neglectus, C. nictitans, C. petaurista, C. pogonias, C. preussi, C. salongo, and C. wolfi.Cercopithecus aethiops: A species of CERCOPITHECUS containing three subspecies: C. tantalus, C. pygerythrus, and C. sabeus. They are found in the forests and savannah of Africa. The African green monkey (C. pygerythrus) is the natural host of SIMIAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS and is used in AIDS research.Rain: Water particles that fall from the ATMOSPHERE.Hares: The genus Lepus, in the family Leporidae, order LAGOMORPHA. Hares are born above ground, fully furred, and with their eyes and ears open. In contrast with RABBITS, hares have 24 chromosome pairs.Bison: A genus of the family Bovidae having two species: B. bison and B. bonasus. This concept is differentiated from BUFFALOES, which refers to Bubalus arnee and Syncerus caffer.Felidae: The cat family in the order CARNIVORA comprised of muscular, deep-chested terrestrial carnivores with a highly predatory lifestyle.Lions: Large, chiefly nocturnal mammals of the cat family FELIDAE, species Panthera leo. They are found in Africa and southern Asia.Panthera: Genus in the family FELIDAE comprised of big felines including LIONS; TIGERS; jaguars; and the leopard.Encyclopedias as Topic: Works containing information articles on subjects in every field of knowledge, usually arranged in alphabetical order, or a similar work limited to a special field or subject. (From The ALA Glossary of Library and Information Science, 1983)ArtiodactylaMycoplasma bovis: A species of gram-negative bacteria causing MASTITIS; ARTHRITIS; and RESPIRATORY TRACT DISEASES in CATTLE.MichiganResearch: Critical and exhaustive investigation or experimentation, having for its aim the discovery of new facts and their correct interpretation, the revision of accepted conclusions, theories, or laws in the light of newly discovered facts, or the practical application of such new or revised conclusions, theories, or laws. (Webster, 3d ed)Female Athlete Triad Syndrome: A condition of competitive female athletes in which there are interrelated problems of EATING DISORDERS; AMENORRHEA; and OSTEOPOROSIS.Athletes: Individuals who have developed skills, physical stamina and strength or participants in SPORTS or other physical activities.Sports: Activities or games, usually involving physical effort or skill. Reasons for engagement in sports include pleasure, competition, and/or financial reward.Basketball: A competitive team sport played on a rectangular court having a raised basket at each end.Track and Field: Sports performed on a track, field, or arena and including running events and other competitions, such as the pole vault, shot put, etc.Manihot: A plant genus of the family EUPHORBIACEAE that is perennial with conspicuous, almost palmate leaves like those of RICINUS but more deeply parted into five to nine lobes. It is a source of a starch after removal of the cyanogenic glucosides. The common name of Arrowroot is also used with Maranta (MARANTACEAE). The common name of yuca is also used for YUCCA.Mites: Any arthropod of the subclass ACARI except the TICKS. They are minute animals related to the spiders, usually having transparent or semitransparent bodies. They may be parasitic on humans and domestic animals, producing various irritations of the skin (MITE INFESTATIONS). Many mite species are important to human and veterinary medicine as both parasite and vector. Mites also infest plants.Volatile Organic Compounds: Organic compounds that have a relatively high VAPOR PRESSURE at room temperature.Acari: A large, subclass of arachnids comprising the MITES and TICKS, including parasites of plants, animals, and humans, as well as several important disease vectors.Tetranychidae: Family of spider MITES, in the superfamily Tetranychoidea, suborder Trombidiformes.Volatilization: A phase transition from liquid state to gas state, which is affected by Raoult's law. It can be accomplished by fractional distillation.Pan troglodytes: The common chimpanzee, a species of the genus Pan, family HOMINIDAE. It lives in Africa, primarily in the tropical rainforests. There are a number of recognized subspecies.Ape Diseases: Diseases of chimpanzees, gorillas, and orangutans.Pan paniscus: The pygmy chimpanzee, a species of the genus Pan, family HOMINIDAE. Its common name is Bonobo, which was once considered a separate genus by some; others considered it a subspecies of PAN TROGLODYTES. Its range is confined to the forests of the central Zaire basin. Despite its name, it is often of equal size to P. troglodytes.Animals, ZooGorilla gorilla: This single species of Gorilla, which is a member of the HOMINIDAE family, is the largest and most powerful of the PRIMATES. It is distributed in isolated scattered populations throughout forests of equatorial Africa.Gestures: Movement of a part of the body for the purpose of communication.Camping: Living outdoors as a recreational activity.Microclimate: The climate of a very small area.Holidays: Days commemorating events. Holidays also include vacation periods.Foxes: Any of several carnivores in the family CANIDAE, that possess erect ears and long bushy tails and are smaller than WOLVES. They are classified in several genera and found on all continents except Antarctica.Burial: The act or ceremony of putting a corpse into the ground or a vault, or into the sea; or the inurnment of CREMAINS.IsraelLiability, Legal: Accountability and responsibility to another, enforceable by civil or criminal sanctions.

Prey capture in the weakly electric fish Apteronotus albifrons: sensory acquisition strategies and electrosensory consequences. (1/1866)

Sensory systems are faced with the task of extracting behaviorally relevant information from complex sensory environments. In general, sensory acquisition involves two aspects: the control of peripheral sensory surfaces to improve signal reception and the subsequent neural filtering of incoming sensory signals to extract and enhance signals of interest. The electrosensory system of weakly electric fish provides a good model system for studying both these aspects of sensory acquisition. On the basis of infrared video recordings of black ghost knifefish (Apteronotus albifrons) feeding on small prey (Daphnia magna) in the dark, we reconstruct three-dimensional movement trajectories of the fish and prey. We combine the reconstructed trajectory information with models of peripheral electric image formation and primary electrosensory afferent response dynamics to estimate the spatiotemporal patterns of transdermal potential change and afferent activation that occur during prey-capture behavior. We characterize the behavioral strategies used by the fish, with emphasis on the functional importance of the dorsal edge in prey capture behavior, and we analyze the electrosensory consequences. In particular, we find that the high-pass filter characteristics of P-type afferent response dynamics can serve as a predictive filter for estimating the future position of the prey as the electrosensory image moves across the receptor array.  (+info)

Neuromuscular control of prey capture in frogs. (2/1866)

While retaining a feeding apparatus that is surprisingly conservative morphologically, frogs as a group exhibit great variability in the biomechanics of tongue protraction during prey capture, which in turn is related to differences in neuromuscular control. In this paper, I address the following three questions. (1) How do frog tongues differ biomechanically? (2) What anatomical and physiological differences are responsible? (3) How is biomechanics related to mechanisms of neuromuscular control? Frog species use three non-exclusive mechanisms to protract their tongues during feeding: (i) mechanical pulling, in which the tongue shortens as its muscles contract during protraction; (ii) inertial elongation, in which the tongue lengthens under inertial and muscular loading; and (iii) hydrostatic elongation, in which the tongue lengthens under constraints imposed by the constant volume of a muscular hydrostat. Major differences among these functional types include (i) the amount and orientation of collagen fibres associated with the tongue muscles and the mechanical properties that this connective tissue confers to the tongue as a whole; and (ii) the transfer of intertia from the opening jaws to the tongue, which probably involves a catch mechanism that increases the acceleration achieved during mouth opening. The mechanisms of tongue protraction differ in the types of neural mechanisms that are used to control tongue movements, particularly in the relative importance of feed-forward versus feedback control, in requirements for precise interjoint coordination, in the size and number of motor units, and in the afferent pathways that are involved in coordinating tongue and jaw movements. Evolution of biomechanics and neuromuscular control of frog tongues provides an example in which neuromuscular control is finely tuned to the biomechanical constraints and opportunities provided by differences in morphological design among species.  (+info)

Effects of size, motility and paralysation time of prey on the quantity of venom injected by the hunting spider Cupiennius salei. (3/1866)

Previous experimental studies have shown that neotropical wandering spiders (Cupiennius salei) inject more venom when attacking larger crickets. It has been postulated that this is a consequence of predator-prey interactions during envenomation, which increase in intensity with the size of a given prey species. The present study was designed to test this hypothesis using anaesthetized crickets of different sizes that were moved artificially. Cupiennius salei was found (1) to inject more venom the greater the intensity of the struggling movement of the crickets (prey size kept constant); (2) to inject more venom the longer the duration of the struggling movement of the crickets (prey size and intensity of movement kept constant); and (3) to inject equal amounts into crickets of different size (duration and intensity of movement kept constant). These results indicate that C. salei alters the amount of venom it releases according to the size and motility of its prey. Venom expenditure depends mainly on the extent of the interactions with the prey during the envenomation process, whereas prey size is of minor significance. The regulation of venom injection in concert with behavioural adaptations in response to various types of prey minimizes the energetic cost of venom production, thus increasing the profitability of a given prey item.  (+info)

Lunar cycles in diel prey migrations exert a stronger effect on the diving of juveniles than adult Galapagos fur seals. (4/1866)

In our study of the development of diving in Galapagos fur seals, we analysed changes in diving activity and body mass trends over the lunar cycle. Based on previously observed lunar cycles in colony attendance patterns, we hypothesized a greater impact of prey migrations of deep scattering layer organisms on younger fur seals. Using electronic dive recorders, we determined that seals dived less and deeper on moonlit nights than at new moon, and incurred body mass losses. These changes in foraging over the lunar cycle correlate with the suppression of the vertical migration of prey by lunar light. All effects were more pronounced in juveniles than adult females, with greater relative mass loss during full moon, which must (i) negatively affect long-term juvenile growth rates, (ii) lengthen periods of maternal dependence, and (iii) contribute to the lowest reproductive rate reported for seals. This underlines the importance of studying ontogeny in order to understand life histories, and for determining the susceptibility of animal populations to fluctuations in food availability.  (+info)

A trade-off between energy intake and exposure to parasites in oystercatchers feeding on a bivalve mollusc. (5/1866)

Models of animal dispersion between habitat patches that differ in resource density assume that animals maximize their fitness by maximizing the rate at which they consume resources. How valid is this assumption? Studies on wading birds have been central to the application of dispersion models to predator-prey systems. However, these birds do not always attempt to maximize their rate of energy intake, implying that maximization involves costs as well as benefits. Overwintering oystercatchers feeding on cockles in the Burry Inlet, South Wales, do not consume the larger more energetically profitable cockles even though consuming these prey would increase their rate of energy intake. This paper tests the hypothesis that maximizing energy intake involves a trade-off with exposure to helminth parasites. Cockles are important intermediate hosts for helminth parasites, for which oystercatchers are the definitive host. The helminth intensity of cockles increased significantly with cockle size. A functional response model was used to examine how size selection by the birds influenced energy intake and the ingestion rate of parasites. To maximize energy intake birds should selectively consume the larger size classes, but to minimize the ingestion rate of parasites they should consume the smallest size classes. In the wild, birds selectively consumed intermediate size classes, which could represent a compromise between these conflicting demands. The implications for animal dispersion models are discussed.  (+info)

Electrolocation-communication discharges of the fish Gymnotus carapo L. (Gymnotidae: Gymnotiformes) during behavioral sleep. (6/1866)

Technical problems have hampered the study of sleep in teleosts. The electrical discharges of Gymnotus carapo L. (Gymnotidae: Gymnotiformes) were monitored to evaluate their ease and reliability as parameters to study sleep. The discharges were detected by electrodes immersed in a glass aquarium and were recorded on a conventional polygraph. G. carapo showed conspicuous signs of behavioral sleep. During these periods, opercular beat rates were counted, electric discharges recorded, and the "sharp discharge increase" (SDI) of the orienting reflex was investigated. All 20 animals monitored maintained electrical discharges during behavioral sleep. The discharge frequencies during sleep (50.3 +/- 10.4 Hz) were not significantly different from those observed when the fish was awake and inactive (57.2 +/- 12.1 Hz) (Wilcoxon matched-pairs signed-ranks test, P>0.05). However, the SDI, which was prevalent in the awake fish, was not observed during periods of behavioral sleep. Additional observations showed that the species had cannibalistic habits. When presented with electrical discharges from a conspecific, the sleeping fish showed an initial decrease or pause in discharge frequency, while the awake fish did not have this response. We conclude that the electrical discharges of G. carapo were not conspicuous indicators of behavioral sleep. Discharges may have been maintained during sleep for sensory purposes, i.e., conspecific detection and avoidance of cannibalistic attacks.  (+info)

Accommodation in the cuttlefish (Sepia officinalis). (7/1866)

We have studied natural accommodation in the eye of six specimens of cuttlefish (Sepia officinalis) as they were fed with fish and shrimp. Using infrared photoretinoscopy, we observed (1) that the resting refractive state of the cuttlefish was emmetropic or slightly hyperopic, (2) that accommodation took place only a fraction of a second before a strike and (3) that accommodation focused selectively only in the frontal visual field while no change in refraction could be measured in the lateral field of view. Accommodation was bilateral and amounted to approximately 5 diopters (the reciprocal of the focal length expressed in meters). Simultaneously, the eyes converged. It appears that, as in most teleost fishes, accommodation in the cuttlefish involves a movement of the crystalline lens perpendicular to the axis of the eye. In histological sections, we observed the position and arrangement of the ciliary muscles, confirming earlier anatomical descriptions, and developed a model of how accommodation could be achieved.  (+info)

Role of prey-capture experience in the development of the escape response in the squid Loligo opalescens: a physiological correlate in an identified neuron. (8/1866)

Although extensively used for biophysical studies, the squid giant axon system remains largely unexplored in regard to in vivo function and modulation in any biologically relevant context. Here we show that successful establishment of the recruitment pattern for the giant axon in the escape response elicited by a brief electrical stimulus depends on prey-capture experience early in life. Juvenile squid fed only slow-moving, easy-to-capture prey items (Artemia salina) develop deficits in coordinating activity in the giant axon system with that of a parallel set of non-giant motor axons during escape responses. These deficits are absent in cohorts fed fast-moving, challenging prey items (copepods). These results suggest that the acquisition of inhibitory control over the giant axon system is experience-dependent and that both prey-capture and escape behavior depend on this control.  (+info)

Predatory Behavior of Yellow Baboons » Brill OnlinePredatory Behavior of Yellow Baboons » Brill Online
1. A group of 32 yellow baboons (Papio cynocephalus) in the Masai-Amboseli National Park, Kenya, caught and ate 45 vertebrate prey items during 2519.19 hours of observation. 2. Eighty percent of the prey items were mammals and the most frequently eaten species were African hares (Lepus capensis), vervet monkeys (Cercopithecus aethiops) and neonate gazelle (Cazella granti and G. thomsoni) in that order. The details of predatory behavior for each prey species are described. 3. Rates of predation were significantly higher during the long dry season than during other months of the year, although no correlation was found between total monthly rainfall and monthly rates of predation. A lognormal model however provided a good fit to the monthly rate of predation data suggesting that the rate of predation by Amboseli baboons was affected by several factors that acted multiplicatively with respect to each other and were themselves related to rainfall or dryness. 4. A mean of 2.3 individuals fed directly from the
Animals | Free Full-Text | Hunting Activity Among Naturalistically Housed Chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) at the Fundació Mona ...Animals | Free Full-Text | Hunting Activity Among Naturalistically Housed Chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) at the Fundació Mona ...
Predatory behavior in wild chimpanzees and other primates has been well documented over the last 30 years. However, as it is an opportunistic behavior, conditions which may promote such behavior are left up to chance. Until now, predatory behavior among captive chimpanzees has been poorly documented. In this paper, we present five instances providing evidence of predatory behavior: four performed by isolated individuals and one carried out in cooperation. The evidence of group predation involved the chimpanzees adopting different roles as pursuers and ambushers. Prey was partially eaten in some cases, but not in the social episode. This study confirms that naturalistic environments allow chimpanzees to enhance species-typical behavioral patterns.
Predator diversity dampens trophic cascades | NaturePredator diversity dampens trophic cascades | Nature
Food web complexity is thought to weaken the strength of terrestrial trophic cascades1,2,3 in which strong impacts of natural enemies on herbivores cascade to influence primary production indirectly4. Predator diversity can enhance food web complexity because predators may feed on each other and on shared prey5,6,7. In such cases, theory suggests that the impact of predation on herbivores relaxes and cascading effects on basal resources are dampened8,9. Despite this view, no empirical studies have explicitly investigated the role of predator diversity in mediating primary productivity in a natural terrestrial system10,11. Here we compare, in a coastal marsh community, impacts of arthropod predators on herbivores and plant productivity between a simple food web with a single predator species and a complex food web with a diverse predator assemblage. We show that enhancing predator diversity dampens enemy effects on herbivores and weakens trophic cascades. Consequently, changes in diversity at higher
Coordinated group ambush: A new predatory behavior in Azteca ants (Dolichoderinae) | SpringerLinkCoordinated group ambush: A new predatory behavior in Azteca ants (Dolichoderinae) | SpringerLink
This article describes a new technique used by ants ( Azteca cf. lanuginosa) in the Brazilian Cerrado to capture large mobile insects. Large numbers of ants position themselves along a leaf margin in
Community - Spalding LabsCommunity - Spalding Labs
I have been twice on veterinary safaris to East Africa. There one will see lounging prides of lions, a short distance from grazing herds of zebra, a close relative of the horse.. As long as the lions are resting quietly, the zebra, always aware of the lions presence, do not flee.. But, if a lion arises and stretches, the zebra focuses on it. If the lion then casually moves away from the zebra, they go back to grazing.. If, however, the lion crouches, becomes motionless and stares at the zebra, they immediately prepare to flee.. I noted, long ago, that when stallions want to propel their range herd of mares and youngsters into flight, they assume a predatory stance. They lower their heads, crouch, and fix their eyes upon their "quarry". This motivates the herd into flight away from the predatory behavior even though that behavior is being displayed by a fellow prey animal - a horse.. Thus I learned that horses do not fear predators. They fear predatory behavior, the stalk and the charge. So ...
Community - Spalding LabsCommunity - Spalding Labs
I have been twice on veterinary safaris to East Africa. There one will see lounging prides of lions, a short distance from grazing herds of zebra, a close relative of the horse.. As long as the lions are resting quietly, the zebra, always aware of the lions presence, do not flee.. But, if a lion arises and stretches, the zebra focuses on it. If the lion then casually moves away from the zebra, they go back to grazing.. If, however, the lion crouches, becomes motionless and stares at the zebra, they immediately prepare to flee.. I noted, long ago, that when stallions want to propel their range herd of mares and youngsters into flight, they assume a predatory stance. They lower their heads, crouch, and fix their eyes upon their "quarry". This motivates the herd into flight away from the predatory behavior even though that behavior is being displayed by a fellow prey animal - a horse.. Thus I learned that horses do not fear predators. They fear predatory behavior, the stalk and the charge. So ...
The predatory behaviour of nymphs of dragonfly (Africocypha varicolor) on fry of African mud catfish (Clarias gariepinus) and...The predatory behaviour of nymphs of dragonfly (Africocypha varicolor) on fry of African mud catfish (Clarias gariepinus) and...
The use of natural organic extract instead of synthetic chemicals in harvesting wild fish and eliminating unwanted aquatic biota is popular in Nigeria. This research, th..
Ambush predator - WikipediaAmbush predator - Wikipedia
Play media Ambush predators or sit-and-wait predators are carnivorous animals or other organisms, such as some nematophagous fungi and carnivorous plants, that capture or trap prey by stealth or by strategy (typically not conscious strategy), rather than by speed or by strength. In animals, ambush predation is characterized by an animal scanning the environment from a concealed position and then rapidly executing a surprise attack. Animal ambush predators usually remain motionless (sometimes hidden) and wait for prey to come within ambush distance before pouncing. Ambush predators are often camouflaged, and may be solitary animals. This mode of predation may be less risky for the predator because lying-in-wait reduces exposure to its own predators. So long as the active predator cannot move faster than its prey, it has little advantage over the ambush predator; however, if the active predators velocity increases, its advantage increases sharply. Ambush predators use many intermediate ...
PPT - Predator-prey interactions: lecture content PowerPoint Presentation - ID:4237377PPT - Predator-prey interactions: lecture content PowerPoint Presentation - ID:4237377
Predator-prey interactions: lecture content. Predator-prey interactions often dramatic, illustrated by snowshoe hare-lynx population fluctuations Simple Lotka-Volterra predator-prey model generates fluctuations of prey, predator Slideshow 4237377 by amish
Giant squid - WikipediaGiant squid - Wikipedia
In November 2006, American explorer and diver Scott Cassell led an expedition to the Gulf of California with the aim of filming a giant squid in its natural habitat. The team employed a novel filming method: using a Humboldt squid carrying a specially designed camera clipped to its fin. The camera-bearing squid caught on film what was claimed to be a giant squid, with an estimated length of 40 feet (12 m), engaging in predatory behavior.[49][50] The footage aired a year later on a History Channel program, MonsterQuest: Giant Squid Found.[50] Cassell subsequently distanced himself from this documentary, claiming that it contained multiple factual and scientific errors.[51] On 4 December 2006, an adult giant squid was caught on video near the Ogasawara Islands, 1,000 km (620 mi) south of Tokyo, by researchers from the National Science Museum of Japan led by Tsunemi Kubodera. It was a small female about 3.5 m (11 ft) long and weighing 50 kg (110 lb). The bait used by the scientists initially ...
The discerning predator: decision rules underlying prey classification by a mosquito-eating jumping spider | Journal of...The discerning predator: decision rules underlying prey classification by a mosquito-eating jumping spider | Journal of...
While research on the neural basis for salticid behaviour is in its infancy, we do have some evidence for homologous processing compared with other taxa. For example, the orientation response of Servaea vestita is very selective to stimuli of certain sizes, with very small stimuli essentially ignored (despite being detected; D. B. Zurek and X.J.N., submitted). Furthermore, these responses are relatively velocity invariant, as found in the tectal neurons of frogs (see Ewert, 2004), although at optimal sizes (between 2 and 4 deg), there does appear to be an optimal not too fast speed (Zurek et al., 2010). This suggests that salticids, which have limited neural capacity in their minute brains, adopt mechanisms similar to those that have been found in several other groups, including toads and mantises (Ewert, 2004; Kral and Prete, 2004). The basic premise behind these mechanisms is that predators are able to recognise and respond with predatory behaviour to a particular class of objects - ...
After The Mass Extinction Amphibians And Dinosaurs Were The New Large Predators - RedorbitAfter The Mass Extinction Amphibians And Dinosaurs Were The New Large Predators - Redorbit
University of Zurich. 252 million years ago the largest extinction event occurred at the end of the Permian age. It wiped out almost 90 percent of all life in water. So far researchers had assumed that the ecosystems gradually recovered from this catastrophe over a long stretch of eight to nine million years and that large predators at the uppermost end of the food chain were the last to reappear. A Swiss-American team of palaeontologists headed by Torsten Scheyer and Carlo Romano from the University of Zurich demonstrate in their new study that the food nets during the Early Triassic did not recover in stages. Large predators like, for instance, crocodile-like amphibians and later the precursors of the known plesiosaurs and ichthyosaurs went in search of prey in the oceans soon after the end of the mass extinction.. Large predators in on the action from the very start. Apex predators - large predators at the uppermost end of the food chain - are extremely important for the health and stability ...
Northern Grasshopper MouseNorthern Grasshopper Mouse
but their activity seems influences by lunar phases. They occupy underground burrows when inactive which they plug for moisture retention and temperature regulation. They also dig small "retreat burrows" when away from their nest burrow. They may store seeds. They usually occur at relatively low densities, but may become a controlling factor for prey items. Their predatory behavior is well known. They are active predators killing prey as formidable as scorpions. They kill other rodents by gripping them with their long, front claws and biting the prey. They appear to be territorial and actually mark their territory with scent glands. They also emit shrill whistles that seem to function in advertising their presence, much like larger predators like coyotes. They are aggressive toward others of their species, which may be associated with their territorial behavior. They maintain an unusually large home range (or territory) for a small mammals; up to 5.8 acres (2.3 ha). Reproduction: ...
DIGITAL.CSIC: The influence of body size on the foraging behaviour of European hake after settlement to the bottomDIGITAL.CSIC: The influence of body size on the foraging behaviour of European hake after settlement to the bottom
The trophic niche width and feeding strategy (FS) of juvenile European hake were studied during three trawl surveys in two different areas of the Mediterranean Sea. Both of these aspects of trophic behaviour were analysed as function of different biotic and abiotic factors. Prey were grouped by factors such as size, swimming behaviour and energy density. The trophic niche breadth values observed (2.25-2.89) were very similar regardless of the geographic area (geomorphology) and season. The FSs analysed were also quite similar regardless of the geographic area (geomorphology) and season, or predation environment (bottom or water column). Conversely, the FSs were linked with predator size. Increased predator size allowed changes in predatory behaviour through the development of preferences for larger and more energy-rich prey. The changes in FS from generalist to specialist began at a total length (TL) of approximately 12. cm in both populations analysed. At larger sizes, the juveniles of both ...
The role of intraguild predation in the population dynamics of small pelagic fishThe role of intraguild predation in the population dynamics of small pelagic fish
In this paper, we argue that understanding marine ecosystem functioning requires a thorough appreciation of the role of intraguild predation to system dynamics. The theoretical predictions of intraguild predation models might explain some of the community features observed in marine ecosystems such as low diversity in upwelling and productive systems and species alternation in response to moderate external forcing. Finally, we argue that an ecosystem approach to fisheries requires that the size-structure of fish populations should be taken into account and that it is extremely important to account for the predators of early stages (eggs and larvae) to gain a thorough understanding of the key interactions between species ...
Emotion in Decisions of Life and Death - Its Role in Brain-Body-Environment Interactions for Predator and Prey | Lola Cañamero...Emotion in Decisions of Life and Death - Its Role in Brain-Body-Environment Interactions for Predator and Prey | Lola Cañamero...
Taking inspiration from the biological world, in our work we are attempting to create and examine artificial predator-prey relationships using two LEGO robots. We do so to explore the possible adaptive value of emotion-like states for action selection in this context. However, we also aim to study and consider these concepts together at different levels of abstraction. For example, in terms of individual agents brain-body-environment interactions, as well as the (emergent) predator-prey relationships resulting from these. Here, we discuss some of the background concepts and motivations driving the design of our implementation and experiments. First, we explain why we think the predator-prey relationship is so interesting. Narrowing our focus to emotion-based architectures, this is followed by a review of existing literature, comparing different types and highlighting the novel aspects of our own. We conclude with our proposed contributions to the literature and thus, ultimately, the design and ...
Play Aggression - DogTraining.WorldPlay Aggression - DogTraining.World
Puppy and dog play, just like all social predatory animals consists of practice predatory behavior and practice fight behavior.. More relaxed body and face postures, as well as the relative restraint during bites, mark the difference between the play and the mature forms of aggression.. Play aggression is used to teach young working dogs techniques before transferring over to more realistic training.. Play aggression can also cause a nuisance and even injury to pet owners and children if not channeled and managed properly. Nonetheless, it is handled differently and should not be confused with any of the mature forms. ...
Voices | Perspectives on developmentVoices | Perspectives on development
Stories of sexting, sex tapes, online dating gone wrong and cyberbullying are all over social media and the news. However, these stories only begin to scratch the surface of online - or technology-facilitated - gender-based violence (GBV). With a wide range of online predatory behaviors essentially falling under one label, how do we define it? How can we begin to tackle the problem if we cant grasp the full breadth of the problem?. The World Bank Group and the Sexual Violence Research Initiative (SVRI) has engaged the International Center for Research on Women (ICRW) to develop a way to measure technology-facilitated GBV on a global scale. To do this, our team is in the beginning stages of developing a conceptual framework. The reasoning behind this initiative is that, in order to tackle a problem like online violence, we must first get to the root of the problem by understanding the many ways online violence manifests itself. As researchers, defining the problem provides us with the insights ...
IDVA resign Call 6 funds Three investigation - ValoanharlingentxIDVA resign Call 6 funds Three investigation - Valoanharlingentx
The men and women who have served or are serving in the united states military are a special group of people. They are those that have chosen to serve our country and a purpose that is larger than themselves. For their service, they are afforded special considerations as a way of thanking them for their service.. NJ camps board is asked to resign for ignoring directors predatory behavior investigation finds many knew of abuse by former executive director Leonard Robinson, who is accused of 11 cases.. Jay Grossman, L.A.s Celebrity Dentist, Reveals New AirPlanePockets Invention, a Travel Essential Moolenaar to host veterans Worse prostate cancer outcomes With 5-Alpha-Reductase Inhibitors Prevention of prostate cancer with 5-alpha reductase inhibitors. men with congenital deficiency of 5AR have low levels of DHT, a diminutive prostate, and complete lack of prostatic glandular epithelium (Imperato-McGinley et al 1974,Imperato-McGinley et al 1992) and are notable for a lack of reported cases of ...
Periodic solutions of a predator-prey model with stage structure for predator - Research Database, The University of DundeePeriodic solutions of a predator-prey model with stage structure for predator - Research Database, The University of Dundee
A delayed periodic predator-prey model with stage structure for predator is proposed. It is assumed that immature individuals and mature individuals of the predator are divided by a fixed age, and that immature predators do not have the ability to attack prey. Sufficient conditions are derived for the existence, uniqueness and global asymptotic stability of positive periodic solutions of the model. Numerical simulations are presented to illustrate the feasibility of our main results ...
A Microfoundation of Predator-Prey DynamicsA Microfoundation of Predator-Prey Dynamics
Downloadable! Predator-prey relationships account for an important part of all interactions between species. In this paper we provide a microfoundation for such predator-prey relations in a food chain. Basic entities of our analysis are representative organisms of species modelled similar to economic households. With prices as indicators of scarcity, organisms are assumed to behave as if they maximize their net biomass subject to constraints which express the organisms‘ risk of being preyed upon during predation. Like consumers, organisms face a ‘budget constraint‘ requiring their expenditure on prey biomass not to exceed their revenue from supplying own biomass. Short-run ecosystem equilibria are defined and derived. The net biomass acquired by the representative organism in the short term determines the positive or negative population growth. Moving short-run equilibria constitute the dynamics of the predator-prey relations that are characterized in numerical analysis. The population
Herbivore - WikipediaHerbivore - Wikipedia
According to the theory of predator-prey interactions, the relationship between herbivores and plants is cyclic.[39] When prey (plants) are numerous their predators (herbivores) increase in numbers, reducing the prey population, which in turn causes predator number to decline.[40] The prey population eventually recovers, starting a new cycle. This suggests that the population of the herbivore fluctuates around the carrying capacity of the food source, in this case the plant.. Several factors play into these fluctuating populations and help stabilize predator-prey dynamics. For example, spatial heterogeneity is maintained, which means there will always be pockets of plants not found by herbivores. This stabilizing dynamic plays an especially important role for specialist herbivores that feed on one species of plant and prevents these specialists from wiping out their food source.[41] Prey defenses also help stabilize predator-prey dynamics, and for more information on these relationships see the ...
Herbivore - WikipediaHerbivore - Wikipedia
According to the theory of predator-prey interactions, the relationship between herbivores and plants is cyclic.[39] When prey (plants) are numerous their predators (herbivores) increase in numbers, reducing the prey population, which in turn causes predator number to decline.[40] The prey population eventually recovers, starting a new cycle. This suggests that the population of the herbivore fluctuates around the carrying capacity of the food source, in this case the plant.. Several factors play into these fluctuating populations and help stabilize predator-prey dynamics. For example, spatial heterogeneity is maintained, which means there will always be pockets of plants not found by herbivores. This stabilizing dynamic plays an especially important role for specialist herbivores that feed on one species of plant and prevents these specialists from wiping out their food source.[41] Prey defenses also help stabilize predator-prey dynamics, and for more information on these relationships see the ...
Herbivore - WikipediaHerbivore - Wikipedia
According to the theory of predator-prey interactions, the relationship between herbivores and plants is cyclic.[40] When prey (plants) are numerous their predators (herbivores) increase in numbers, reducing the prey population, which in turn causes predator number to decline.[41] The prey population eventually recovers, starting a new cycle. This suggests that the population of the herbivore fluctuates around the carrying capacity of the food source, in this case the plant. Several factors play into these fluctuating populations and help stabilize predator-prey dynamics. For example, spatial heterogeneity is maintained, which means there will always be pockets of plants not found by herbivores. This stabilizing dynamic plays an especially important role for specialist herbivores that feed on one species of plant and prevents these specialists from wiping out their food source.[42] Prey defenses also help stabilize predator-prey dynamics, and for more information on these relationships see the ...
Prey should hide more randomly when a predator attacks more persistently | Journal of The Royal Society InterfacePrey should hide more randomly when a predator attacks more persistently | Journal of The Royal Society Interface
There is a paucity of ethological studies reporting the fleeing behaviour of prey under persistent attacks by their natural enemies, in contrast with the well-studied case of a single attack, followed by escape [14]. In fact, the number of predator-prey interactions with a rapid sequence of repeated attacks on the same prey by the same predator abound in nature, and older literature provides lengthy descriptions of such interactions, from pompilid wasps pursuing spiders to falcons attacking passerine prey (see Fabres description in [4] for the first case and [15] for the second case). These descriptions often lack crucial information to formalize them as repeated games, and are not quantified. In the following, we first report the findings of a few studies, conducted mainly with lizards [16] and grasshoppers [17] as prey and humans as predators. We then describe one biological interaction in more detail. We use this example to formalize the backbone of our theoretical study and describe in less ...
Parameterising variable assimilation efficiency in predator-prey models - Fenton - 2010 - Oikos - Wiley Online LibraryParameterising variable assimilation efficiency in predator-prey models - Fenton - 2010 - Oikos - Wiley Online Library
Our understanding of the dynamics of predator-prey systems has relied heavily on the use of models based on the standard Lotka-Volterra (LV) framework, dating back over 80 years. Although these models have been repeatedly analysed and refined since their initial inception, the way they describe the predators growth rate has received surprisingly little attention; typically it is simply assumed that the predators growth rate is linearly related to its ingestion rate according to a constant assimilation efficiency, e. However, for many consumers e is known to decrease at high prey densities. Models that ignore variable assimilation efficiencies overlook potentially important non-linearities, affecting the validity of predictions relating to conservation, invasion biology and pest control. Directly quantifying the relationship between e and prey abundance is, however, difficult. An alternative approach (the independent-response, IR, approach) is to not assume any direct link between the ...
A non-autonomous predator-prey model with infected preyA non-autonomous predator-prey model with infected prey
|p style=text-indent:20px;|A non-constant eco-epidemiological model with SIS-type infectious disease in prey is formulated and investigated, it is assumed that the disease is endemic in prey before the invasion of predator and that predation is more likely on infected prey than on the uninfected. Sufficient conditions for both permanence and extinction of the infected prey, and the necessary conditions for the permanence of the infected prey are established. It is shown that the predation preference to infected prey may even increase the possibility of disease endemic, and that the introduction of new resource for predator could be helpful for it to eradicate the infected prey. Numerical simulations have been performed to verify/extend our analytical results.|/p|
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In Chapter 4 we learned how plants and herbivores can influence each others abundance, distribution and evolution. Here we consider another important inter trophic level relationship that can have widespread ecological and evolutionary effects on biological communities, the interaction between prey and their predators. In an ecological sense, predators can dramatically affect the abundance and distribution of their prey populations, and reciprocal effects of prey on their predators are also inevitable, as prey are obviously an important food source for predators. Likewise, the diverse feeding habits of predators form linkages that are responsible for the flow of energy through food webs. Predation can also be a powerful evolutionary force with natural selection favoring more effective predators and less vulnerable prey. Thus, it is imperative that we understand the process of predation and its complex effects on species interactions, and population and community dynamics. In the sections that ...
Mosquitos thrive in Rio without natural predators - World Land TrustMosquitos thrive in Rio without natural predators - World Land Trust
Mosquito-borne diseases, such as the Zika virus, Malaria, Dengue fever and Yellow fever, could be controlled if Rio put a higher value on preserving wetlands, says Nicholas Locke, President of World Land Trusts Brazilian partner Reserva Ecológica de Guapiaçu (REGUA).. Health concerns have been escalating in the run up to the 2016 Rio Olympics, with athletes pulling out in response to warnings of water and mosquito-borne diseases. WLT asked REGUA president Nicholas Locke for comment.. "The recent public health scare in the form of Dengue and Zika outbreaks in Rio de Janeiro comes as a direct result of humans altering the natural world. In spite of creating one of largest planted urban parks in the world, the Tijuca National Park, the city of Rio virtually concreted and tarmacked all of its lowlands.". "As a result there is no habitat for the natural predators of mosquitoes, which breed successfully in accumulated run off water, thrive without predators and transmit these diseases." ...
Learning and Species Interactions - Population DynamicsLearning and Species Interactions - Population Dynamics
Learning is important to consider in all manner of species interactions, including mutualism, competition, predation, and parasitism. In all cases, learning by one species in the interaction has the potential to shape the evolution of traits in the other species. For example, learning by predator species is thought to have played a role in the evolution of warning coloration in potential prey species. Warning coloration is coloration that serves to advertise the noxiousness of potential prey, to the mutual benefit of both prey and predator. It is typically highly conspicuous. One advantage of conspicuous coloration is that it is easier for the predator to detect from a distance. However, conspicuous coloration has two additional advantages. It is learned faster by predators and remembered longer, effects which should favor the evolution of conspicuous coloration.. A preys conspicuous coloration and a predators propensity to learn conspicuous colors could evolve in tandem, a prediction that ...
Lacewing larvae are a natural predator of aphids so use them to clear heavy infestations of aphids in the garden and in...Lacewing larvae are a natural predator of aphids so use them to clear heavy infestations of aphids in the garden and in...
Lacewing larvae are a natural predator of aphids so use them to clear heavy infestations of aphids in the garden and in greenhouses and conservatories. To order contact us on 01493 750061
Predator-induced stress and the ecology of fear - Clinchy - 2012 - Functional Ecology - Wiley Online LibraryPredator-induced stress and the ecology of fear - Clinchy - 2012 - Functional Ecology - Wiley Online Library
It is now clear that exposure to predators or predator cues can have sustained effects that extend to affecting birth and survival in free-living animals (Preisser, Bolnick & Benard 2005; Zanette et al. 2011). In this section, we describe those field studies that have (i) documented physiological stress effects, in the context of (ii) also demonstrating predator risk effects on demography. To our knowledge, only two experiments (Sheriff, Krebs & Boonstra 2009; Travers et al. 2010) have measured effects on stress physiology in relation to predator-induced changes in the birth rate - neither of which can be considered definitive; and we are not aware of any field experiment on free-living animals that has manipulated predator risk and demonstrated an effect on both (i) stress physiology and (ii) mortality not due to direct predation (see also Hawlena & Schmitz 2010b). Although the studies described in this section suggest that predator-induced stress can affect the demography of free-living ...
2015 CMS Summer Meeting2015 CMS Summer Meeting
Many important questions in ecology and immunology involve dynamical systems with multiple stable states. We present a simple example of intra-guild predation which exhibits a variety of bi- and tri-stabilities. Intra-guild systems can be viewed as a coupling of two predator-prey systems by allowing one predator to additionally prey on the other. The two predators and the resource can coexist in equilibrium, in periodic solutions, and in chaotic solutions. One basic model of intra-guild predation is the system \begin{eqnarray*} R(t) &=&rR(t)\left(1-\frac{R(t)}{K}\right)-c_{1}R(t)N(t)-c_{2}R(t)P(t),\ N(t) &=&e_{1}c_{1}R(t-\tau)N(t-\tau)-c_{3}N(t)P(t)-m_{1}N(t),\ P(t) &=&e_{2}c_{2}R(t)P(t)+\epsilon_{3}c_{3}N(t)P(t)-m_{2}P(t). \end{eqnarray*} Here $R$ is a prey species, $N$ and $P$ are predator species, and $P$ additionally preys on $N$. In contrast with the simple predator-prey model, where delay tends to destabilize the dynamics, we show that the delay in this intra-guild predation model can ...
Plasticity of the beta-Trefoil Protein Fold in the Recognition and Control of Invertebrate Predators and Parasites by a Fungal...Plasticity of the beta-Trefoil Protein Fold in the Recognition and Control of Invertebrate Predators and Parasites by a Fungal...
Discrimination between self and non-self is a prerequisite for any defence mechanism; in innate defence, this discrimination is often mediated by lectins recognizing non-self carbohydrate structures and so relies on an arsenal of host lectins with different specificities towards target organism carbohydrate structures. Recently, cytoplasmic lectins isolated from fungal fruiting bodies have been shown to play a role in the defence of multicellular fungi against predators and parasites. Here, we present a novel fruiting body lectin, CCL2, from the ink cap mushroom Coprinopsis cinerea. We demonstrate the toxicity of the lectin towards Caenorhabditis elegans and Drosophila melanogaster and present its NMR solution structure in complex with the trisaccharide, GlcNAcβ1,4[Fucα1,3]GlcNAc, to which it binds with high specificity and affinity in vitro. The structure reveals that the monomeric CCL2 adopts a β-trefoil fold and recognizes the trisaccharide by a single, topologically novel ...
Effects of predation and dispersal on Mastomys natalensis population dynamics in Tanzanian maize fields - Research outputs -...Effects of predation and dispersal on Mastomys natalensis population dynamics in Tanzanian maize fields - Research outputs -...
We investigate the effects of different levels of predation pressure and rodent dispersal on the population dynamics of the African pest rodent Mastomys natalensis in maize fields in Tanzania.Three levels of predation risk were used in an experimental set-up: natural level (control), excluding predators by nets and attracting avian predators by nest boxes and perch poles. Because dispersal of the rodents could mask the predation pressure treatment effects, control and predator exclusion treatments were repeated with enclosed rodent populations.Population growth during the annual population rise period was faster in the absence of predators and peak population size was higher, but otherwise dynamics patterns were similar for populations where predators had access or were attracted, indicating that compensatory mechanisms operate when rodents are exposed to high levels of predation risk. Reducing dispersal of rodents removed the effect of predation on population growth and peak size, suggesting ...
Predator-Prey Model with Prey Group Defense and Non-linear Predator Harvesting | SpringerLinkPredator-Prey Model with Prey Group Defense and Non-linear Predator Harvesting | SpringerLink
This paper is concerned with a predator-prey system with a prey group defense and non-linear harvesting of the predator incorporating deterrence hypothesis for predators. Inclusion of predator...
Size-Specific Predation on Marine Invertebrate Larvae by Jonathan D. Allen"Size-Specific Predation on Marine Invertebrate Larvae" by Jonathan D. Allen
Predation on planktonic larval stages is frequently a major source of mortality for the offspring of benthic marine invertebrates. Mortality rate likely varies with larval size and developmental stage, but few experiments have measured how these factors affect predation rates. I used experimental reductions in egg size to test how variation in larval size affects the likelihood of predation during planktonic development. Blastomeres of the sand dollar Dendraster excentricus were separated at the two-cell stage to produce half-sized zygotes. Larvae resulting from this manipulation were tested for their susceptibility to predation relative to whole-sized siblings at four ages. Individuals from each size class were simultaneously presented as prey items to five predators (crab zoeae, crab megalopae, chaetognaths, solitary tunicates, and postlarval fish) in the laboratory. Four predators consumed significantly more half-sized larvae than whole-sized larvae, but one predator type (postlarval fish) consumed
DiVA - Search resultDiVA - Search result
In aposematism a prey species use bright colours, often combined with a black contrasting pattern, to signal unprofitability as prey to potential predators. Although there are several different hypotheses about the presence of these internally contrasting patterns, there is little experimental evidence of any beneficial effects. In this thesis I have used bird predators and artificial prey signals to investigate if the contrasting internal patterns in warning displays may have evolved to increase signal efficacy, especially regarding the speed of avoidance learning. In paper I the relative importance of colour and pattern in avoidance learning was studied. The conclusion was that birds primarily attend to colour, not pattern, when learning the discrimination, which was further supported by the results in paper II-IV, all suggesting a secondary role of patterns. In paper II I show that predators may to some degree use patterns for discrimination, if they convey important information about prey ...
Natural Selections: February 2011Natural Selections: February 2011
Paleontologists have worked very hard to establish a well-supported relationship between dinosaurs and birds and yet the researchers in the paper use the mammal predator-prey relationships of the African Serengeti ecosystem as a model for comparison. While we know that dinosaurs were probably warm-blooded to some extent, their metabolic systems are not fully understood and they may have achieved that warm-bloodedness in a manner unlike mammals and more comparable to birds, or a metabolic system between that of more primitive archosaurs, like crocodilians, and modern birds. As a result, it seems to me that modern predatory birds may be a better model for understanding the context of predator-prey relationships and inferring feeding behavior ...
What preys on the desert fox? | Reference.comWhat preys on the desert fox? | Reference.com
The desert fox doesnt have many natural predators because it isnt easily caught by other animals. The primary predator of the desert fox is the desert eagle owl. Other potential predators include...
Too hard to swallow: a secret secondary defence of an aposematic insect | Journal of Experimental BiologyToo hard to swallow: a secret secondary defence of an aposematic insect | Journal of Experimental Biology
tropical weevils which have the elytra and the whole covering of the body so hard as to be a great annoyance to the entomologist, …, they cannot be pinned without first drilling a hole to receive the pin, and it is probable that all such find a protection in this excessive hardness.. The insects which others imitate always have a special protection, which leads them to be avoided as dangerous or uneatable by small insectivorous animals; some have a disgusting taste …; others have such a hard and stony covering that they cannot be crushed or digested;…. Alfred Russel Wallace, 1867. Predation is one of the most visible selective forces driving the ecology and evolution of organisms in nature (Abrams, 2000). Therefore, evolving effective anti-predator strategies is a significant component of adaptation for many prey species. Diverse defensive strategies have evolved in a range of specific stages in the encounters between predators and preys (Stevens, 2013). These anti-predator strategies ...
A Fractional-Order Predator-Prey Model with Ratio-Dependent Functional Response and Linear Harvesting[v1] | PreprintsA Fractional-Order Predator-Prey Model with Ratio-Dependent Functional Response and Linear Harvesting[v1] | Preprints
We consider a model of predator-prey interaction at fractional-order where the predation obeys the ratio-dependent functional response and the prey is linearly harvested. For the proposed model, we show the existence, uniqueness, non-negativity as well as the boundedness of the solutions. Conditions for the existence of all possible equilibrium points and their stability criteria, both locally and globally, are also investigated. The local stability conditions are derived using the Magtinons theorem, while the global stability is proven by formulating an appropriate Lyapunov function. The occurance of Hopf bifurcation around the interior point is also shown analytically. At the end, we implement the Predictor-Corrector scheme to perform some numerical simulations.
Antievolution.org - Antievolution.org Discussion Board -Topic::Coloration of animals, mimicry, aposematismAntievolution.org - Antievolution.org Discussion Board -Topic::Coloration of animals, mimicry, aposematism
Abstract: The mechanisms of aposematism (unprofitability of prey combined with a conspicuous signal) have mainly been studied with reference to vertebrate predators, especially birds. We investigated whether dragonflies, Aeshna grandis, avoid attacking wasps, Vespula norwegica, which are an unprofitable group of prey for most predators. As a control we used flies that were painted either black or with yellow and black stripes. The dragonflies showed greater aversion to wasps than to flies. Black-and-yellow-striped flies were avoided more than black ones, suggesting that aposematic coloration on a harmless fly provides a selective advantage against invertebrate predators. There was no significant difference in reactions to black-painted and black-and-yellow wasps, indicating that, in addition to coloration, some other feature in wasps might deter predators. In further experiments we offered dragonflies artificial prey items in which the candidate warning signals (coloration, odour and shape) were ...
Invertebrate and avian predators as drivers of chemical defensive strategies in tenthredinid sawflies | BMC Evolutionary...Invertebrate and avian predators as drivers of chemical defensive strategies in tenthredinid sawflies | BMC Evolutionary...
The description and analysis of chemical defense mechanisms across insects, mainly in lepidopteran and coleopteran herbivores, initiated the search for general trends in the taxonomic distribution and evolution of such mechanisms. Research using empirical and manipulative tests on predator-prey systems, computational modeling, and phylogeny-based approaches has identified sequential steps in the evolution of prey defensive traits as well as plant-insect interactions (e.g., [8, 14, 85-90]). However, nearly all such studies, even when they embrace multitrophic interactions at once, focus explicitly or implicitly on (dis)advantages as well as evolutionary sequences and consequences of visual prey signals. In this context, there is good evidence that the evolution of aposematism is accompanied by an increased diversification of lineages, as shown by paired sister-group comparisons in insects and other animal taxa [91]. Further, chemical adaptation (unpalatability) preceded morphological (warning ...
Predator behavior and prey demography in patchy habitats by Brian J. Halstead"Predator behavior and prey demography in patchy habitats" by Brian J. Halstead
Habitat loss and fragmentation are among the greatest threats to biodiversity, and these threats can be exacerbated or alleviated by the presence of interacting species. The effect of habitat loss and fragmentation on predator-prey systems has received extensive theoretical attention, but empirical studies of these systems yield few clear patterns. I examined the influence of prey abundance and spatial distribution on the foraging ecology and spatial ecology of Masticophis flagellum (Coachwhip) using capture-mark-recapture and radio telemetry techniques. I also examined the influence of saurophagous snake abundance on the survival rate of Sceloporus woodi (Florida Scrub Lizard) populations. Masticophis flagellum positively selected lizard and mammal prey, but within these categories it consumed prey species in proportion to their availability. Masticophis flagellum was vagile and constrained its movements within large home ranges. At all spatial scales examined, M. flagellum strongly selected Florida
European Journal of Entomology: Toxic associations: A review of the predatory behaviors of millipede assassin bugs (Hemiptera:...European Journal of Entomology: Toxic associations: A review of the predatory behaviors of millipede assassin bugs (Hemiptera:...
Ectrichodiinae (Hemiptera: Reduviidae), the millipede assassin bugs, are a speciose group (>660 species) of assassin bugs that appear to be specialist predators on Diplopoda, or millipedes. Apparently capable of coping with the noxious ...
Sharks senses and shark repellentsSharks senses and shark repellents
Despite over 70 years of research on shark repellents, few practical and reliable solutions to prevent shark attacks on humans or reduce shark bycatch and depredation in commercial fisheries have been developed. In large part, this deficiency stems from a lack of fundamental knowledge of the sensory cues that drive predatory behavior in sharks. However, the widespread use of shark repellents is also hampered by the physical constraints and technical or logistical difficulties of deploying substances or devices in an open-water marine environment to prevent an unpredictable interaction with a complex animal. Here, we summarize the key attributes of the various sensory systems of sharks and highlight residual knowledge gaps that are relevant to the development of effective shark repellents. We also review the most recent advances in shark repellent technology within the broader historical context of research on shark repellents and shark sensory systems. We conclude with suggestions for future ...
Spinules of cone horizontal cells in European sea bass are more numerous in the dorsal and nasal peripheral retina. Are...Spinules of cone horizontal cells in European sea bass are more numerous in the dorsal and nasal peripheral retina. Are...
Purpose: Teleost is a successful vertebrate group, constituting more than 50% of vertebrate species. These fishes are the only vertebrate group that presents spinules from the lateral dendrites of Cone Horizontal Cells into cone pedicles. Previously, we observed that the number of spinules in any given species depended on both taxonomic placing and degree of predatory behavior. Then, species with the most spinules were also the most predatory and vice versa. The aim of this work was to study the density of spinules and synaptic ribbons, per cone pedicle, in central and peripheral retina.. Methods: The study was performed on European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax), one specie of teleost fish belonging to perciform order and moronidae family. Light-adapted fishes were sacrificed. Retinas were extracted and whole mounts embedded in EPON for transmission-electron-microscopy study. Thin sections from eight representative retinal areas were observed and photographed in an Electron Microscope. The ...
TyrannosauridaeTyrannosauridae
Bakker, R. T., Williams, M., and Currie, P. J. 1988. Nanotyrannus, a new genus of pygmy tyrannosaur, from the latest Cretaceous of Montana. Hunteria 1(5): 1-30.. Barsbold, R. 1983. [Carnivorous dinosaurs from the Cretaceous of Mongolia]. Sovmestnaia Sovetsko-Mongolskaia Palentologischeskaia Ekspeditsiia Trudy 19: 1-117. (In Russian with English summary). Carpenter, K. 2000. Evidence of predatory behavior by carnivorous dinosaurs. Gaia 15: 135-144.. Carr, T. D. 1999. Craniofacial ontogeny in Tyrannosauridae (Dinosauria, Coelurosauria). Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology 19: 497-520.. Carrano, M. T. 1998. What, if anything, is a cursor? Categories versus continua for determining locomotor habit in mammals and dinosaurs. Journal of Zoology (London) 247: 29-42.. Carroll, R. L. 1988. Vertebrate Paleontology and Evolution. W. H. Freeman, New York. 698 pp.. Chin, K., Tokaryk, T. T., Erickson, G. M., and Calk, L. C. 1998. A king-sized coprolite. Nature 393: 680-682.. Cifelli, R. L., Kirkland, J. I., ...
Fuzzy Expectations, Hybrid Realities, Moving Targets | IWMFuzzy Expectations, Hybrid Realities, Moving Targets | IWM
Any intent to classify "really-existing capitalisms" that emerged out from the debris is a challenging exercise in taxonomy. The difficulty is partly due to the periods heterogeneity, manifest for the Bulgarian case in the major break of the 1996-1997 financial crisis and the following change in the monetary regime.. Oddly enough, the Transitions first seven years followed the communist reformisms pattern: an inconclusive combination of two incompatible models that only increases the systems entropy. The early 1990s saw a not more sustainable mix of market elements with prevailing state ownership. The outcomes were bad debts, widespread decapitalization of enterprises, institutions with low credibility. In semi-reformed systems deprived from the genuine constraints of the market (or the strict control of the plan) the only usage of "liberty" (autonomy) is to develop a predatory behaviour. Reformism in the decaying communism and early Transition capitalism are uniform constructs. The former ...
A Wretched Hive of Scum...: Random thoughts about abuseA Wretched Hive of Scum...: Random thoughts about abuse
Recently, there it seems like there have been more incidents of abuse and what I consider predatory behavior in both localized incidents and in several national organizations in various martial arts groups. At least, they are more publicized but it doesnt seem to stop the conduct and people in their organizations still try to protect these abusers.These are individuals, not an organization, which commit these acts. The acts are sometimes criminal, sometimes moral or ethical violations not in violation of the law in their country. This topic goes across the board in not just martial arts groups, but in all levels of society really. The usual pattern I see is these people use their power in an organization to perpetuate their actions ...
Приветствуем нового модератора! • Приветствуем нового модератора!Приветствуем нового модератора! • Приветствуем нового модератора!
Abstract -The size structure of a predator population can cause differences in the relative survival of different prey length classes whereby the biggest prey may reach a safe size because of the size-dependent character of predation. In the present study, the diet of European catfish was investigated to examine if catfish feeding can prevent cyprinids from reaching such a size refuge. In the lake studied, catfish was stocked for biomanipulation purposes to reduce unwanted roach and bream populations. Crayfish and roach were the most important prey items of catfish. If only species composition in the diet was considered, no clear changes were recorded in relation to catfish size. However, the length of roach as prey significantly increased with catfish length. Catfish were significantly larger than the other piscivorous fish in the lake, but took relatively smaller roach in comparison with similar-sized pike or pikeperch. Nevertheless, because of the high mean length of catfish, roach cannot ...
Mutualistic cleaner fish initiate trait-mediated indirect interactions on coral reefs by influencing the behavior of coral...Mutualistic cleaner fish initiate trait-mediated indirect interactions on coral reefs by influencing the behavior of coral...
1.Indirect interactions resulting from changes in organismal traits such as behaviour, i.e. trait-mediated indirect interactions (TMIIs), are widespread in biological communities, yet few studies have explored the potential for mutualisms to initiate TMIIs. 2.This study used a combination of behavioural observations and manipulative field experiments to investigate potential TMIIs resulting from a mutualism between specialized cleaner fish and theclients that visit cleaners for the removal of ectoparasites. 3.Behavioural observations indicate that the bluestreak cleaner wrasse, Labroides dimidiatus, increases local predation pressure on corals at cleaner stations by attracting corallivorous butterflyfish to their territories. 4. Observations of the ornate butterflyfish, Chaetodon ornatissimus, suggest a trade-off between seeking cleaning and foraging; individuals decreased their foraging rate at cleaner stations and shifted their diet to include a greater proportion of less preferred prey ...
The predator-prey relationship and its appearance in stock market trend fluctuations - The Sphinx StargateThe predator-prey relationship and its appearance in stock market trend fluctuations - The Sphinx Stargate
General Systems, vol. 19, 1974, pp. 181-194. Abstract. A method developed by E. Kerner for testing biological population fluctuations for predator-prey behavior is applied to the Dow Jones Average. The result shows that the stock market exhibited predator-prey behavior before and after the crash of 1929. The result shows that for about five years prior to the crash the market behaved as a hot market. This challenges claims by efficient market theorists that the market has always been efficiently priced. Hence it is shown that the practice of buying on the margin created a pricing bubble. In effect, it is shown that interacting markets by analogy behave in ahttp://www.hestories.info/the-non-local-mind.htmlfashion similar to interacting biological populations. The statistical mechanics which Kerner has developed for describing the behavior of interacting species is here applied to financial markets. General concepts such as "temperature", "heat flow", "internal energy", "thermodynamic equilibrium" ...
European Journal of Entomology: Prey abundance and intraguild predation between Adalia bipunctata (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae)...European Journal of Entomology: Prey abundance and intraguild predation between Adalia bipunctata (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae)...
Macrolophus pygmaeus Rambur (Hemiptera: Miridae) and Adalia bipunctata (L.) (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) are two predatory insects commonly used as biological control agents. In order to determine the incidence with which both species attack an...
Notes on predator-prey relationships among Tanypodinae larvae (Diptera, Chironomidae) and mites (Acariformes) in Brazilian...Notes on predator-prey relationships among Tanypodinae larvae (Diptera, Chironomidae) and mites (Acariformes) in Brazilian...
Chironomidae larvae and mites are abundant and diversified groups that coexist in several environments. However, little importance has been attributed to their ecological relationships (predator-prey, parasitism, etc.). Therefore, the present study aimed to report the predation of mites by Tanypodinae larvae in Neotropical quartzite caves.
Monkeys crying wolf? Tufted capuchin monkeys use anti-predator calls to usurp resources from conspecifics | Proceedings of the...Monkeys crying wolf? Tufted capuchin monkeys use anti-predator calls to usurp resources from conspecifics | Proceedings of the...
Animal signals are argued to function to manipulate the behaviour of signal receivers in a way that preferentially benefits the signaller (Dawkins & Krebs 1978; Krebs & Dawkins 1984). Anti-predator signals have long been challenging to explain because of the danger that the signaller imparts on itself in an apparent attempt to warn others of impending danger. While numerous hypotheses potentially explain how an individual who has detected a predator can benefit directly or indirectly by eliciting anti-predator behaviour in conspecifics (see the reviews by Hauser 1996; Wheeler 2008), individuals could also use alarm calls in the absence of a predator to distract signal receivers and take advantage of the momentary diversion of attention. Cases such as this wherein individuals produce a signal outside its normal context in order to distract listeners is a form of what has been termed tactical or functional deception (Whiten & Byrne 1988; Hauser 1996, 1997).. Functionally deceptive behaviours are ...
Habitat structure mediates predation risk for sedentary prey: Experimental tests of alternative hypothesesHabitat structure mediates predation risk for sedentary prey: Experimental tests of alternative hypotheses
Predation is an important and ubiquitous selective force that can shape habitat preferences of prey species, but tests of alternative mechanistic hypotheses of habitat influences on predation risk are lacking. 2. We studied predation risk at nest sites of a passerine bird and tested two hypotheses based on theories of predator foraging behaviour. The total-foliage hypothesis predicts that predation will decline in areas of greater overall vegetation density by impeding cues for detection by predators. The potential-prey-site hypothesis predicts that predation decreases where predators must search more unoccupied potential nest sites. 3. Both observational data and results from a habitat manipulation provided clear support for the potential-prey-site hypothesis and rejection of the total-foliage hypothesis. Birds chose nest patches containing both greater total foliage and potential nest site density (which were correlated in their abundance) than at random sites, yet only potential nest site density
Scott Peacor OpportunitiesScott Peacor Opportunities
Ecology, Evolutionary Biology and Behavior Program // Department of Fisheries and Wildlife. Topics: Community Ecology, Trophic interactions, Non-consumptive predator effects, Animal Behavior, Phenotypic Plasticity. We seek applicants who are interested in studying community and aquatic ecology starting in Fall 2012. We currently have funding for students to join a research effort examining non-consumptive effects (also called trait-mediated effects) of predators on zooplankton communities in Michigan ponds. Potential projects include examining predator-induced effects on zooplankton phenotype (including behavior) and how these induced effects influence zooplankton population and community dynamics. While particular PhD projects are flexible within the scope of the overall project, the positions could include integration of field, laboratory and ecological modeling. One of the positions will be given to a student interested in their research including ecological theory /modeling. Collaborators ...
Point to point traveling wave and periodic traveling wave induced by Hopf bifurcation for a diffusive predator-prey systemPoint to point traveling wave and periodic traveling wave induced by Hopf bifurcation for a diffusive predator-prey system
|p style=text-indent:20px;|In this paper, we consider a diffusive Leslie-Gower predator-prey system with prey subject to Allee effect. First, taking into account the diffusion of both species, we obtain the existence of traveling wave solution connecting predator-free constant steady state and coexistence steady state by using the upper and lower solutions method. However, due to the singularity in the predator equation, we need construct a positive suitable lower solution for the prey density. Such a traveling wave solution can model the spatial-temporal process where the predator invades the territory of the prey and they eventually coexist. Second, taking into account two cases: the diffusion of both species and the diffusion of prey-only, we prove the existence of small amplitude periodic traveling wave train solutions by using the Hopf bifurcation theory. Such traveling wave solutions show that the predator invasion leads to the periodic population densities in the coexistence domain.|/p|
The Natural World: July 2012The Natural World: July 2012
Stegosaurus is a very famous dinosaurs, one of the most famous, along with Triceratops and Tyrannosaurus. All three of these dinosaurs have been found in Colorado; in fact, the first Triceratops bones were actually found in Denver, and Stegosaurus is the state dinosaur of Colorado! Stegosaurus has also been found in Wyoming and Utah, in the Morrison Formation, as well as in Portugal. The row of plates along its back make it very interesting looking, as do the spikes on the end of its tail, nicknamed a "thagomizer." Holes in the vertebrae of a potential predator of Stegosaurus, Allosaurus, fit exactly with the size of one of the spikes on the tail of the Stegosaurus, showing that there was almost certainly a predator-prey relationship between the two, as was previously suspected. Studies have shown that the tail end of Kentrosaurus, a close relative of Stegosaurus, also with a thagomizer on its tail, could have been brought around to the side of the dinosaur, potentially swatting at enemies ...
Aggressive use of Batesian mimicry by an ant-like jumping spider | Biology LettersAggressive use of Batesian mimicry by an ant-like jumping spider | Biology Letters
Aggressive, Batesian and Müllerian mimicry are well-known examples of interspecific resemblance. Aggressive mimics deceive their prey and Batesian mimics deceive their predators. Models for the latter have unpalatable flesh, venom, weapons or other characteristics that deter the mimics predators. Batesian mimics dishonestly advertise to predators that they have the aversive characteristics of their models (Bates 1862; Edmunds 1974). In Müllerian mimicry, two or more species with aversive characteristics resemble each other; thus representing honest signals. However, when two species have differentially aversive characteristics the Müllerian-Batesian distinction becomes ambiguous, and it is often more realistic to envisage Batesian and Müllerian mimicry as ends of a continuum (Speed 1999; Rowland et al. 2007).. That the distinction between Batesian and aggressive mimicry is also subject to blurring was shown in a recent study of fangblennies (Plagiotremus rhinorhynchos; Côté & Cheney ...
Revisiting an old question: Which predators eat eggs of ground-nesting birds in farmland landscapes? - Archive ouverte HALRevisiting an old question: Which predators eat eggs of ground-nesting birds in farmland landscapes? - Archive ouverte HAL
Nest predation is a major cause of reproductive failure in birds, but predator identity often remains unknown. Additionally, although corvids are considered major nest predators in farmland landscapes, whether breeders or floaters are involved remains contentious. In this study, we aimed to identify nest predators using artificial nests, and test whether territorial or non-breeders carrion crow (Corvus corone) and Eurasian magpie (Pica pica) were most likely involved. We set up an experiment with artificial ground nests (n = 1429) in farmland landscapes of western France, and assessed how different combinations of egg size and egg material (small plasticine egg, large plasticine egg, quail and natural hen eggs) might influence predation rates and predator species involved. Nest predators were identified using remotely triggered cameras and marks left in plasticine eggs. Corvids were by far the predators most involved (almost 80% of all predation events), independent of egg type. Carrion crows alone were
Stanley TempleStanley Temple
Although cats make affectionate pets, many domestic cats hunt as effectively as wild predators. However, they differ from wild predators in three important ways: First, people protect cats from disease, predation and competition, factors that can control numbers of wild predators, such as bobcats, foxes, or coyotes. Second, they often have a dependable supply of supplemental food provided by humans and are, therefore, not influenced by changes in populations of prey. Whereas populations of native predators will decline when prey becomes scarce, cats receiving food subsidies from people remain abundant and continue to hunt even rare species. Third, unlike many native predators, cat densities are either poorly limited or not limited by territoriality [19]. These three factors allow domestic cats to exist at much higher densities than native predators. In some parts of rural Wisconsin, densities of free-ranging cats reach 114 cats per square mile. In these areas, cats are several times more ...
Living in a landscape of fear : the impact of predation, resource availability and habitat structure on primate range use. -...Living in a landscape of fear : the impact of predation, resource availability and habitat structure on primate range use. -...
Spatial variation in predation risk generates a landscape of fear, with prey animals modifying their distribution and behaviour in response to this variable predation risk. In systems comprising multiple predators and prey species, a key challenge is distinguishing the independent effects of different predator guilds on prey responses. We exploited the acoustically distinct alarm calls of samango monkeys, Cercopithecus mitis erythrarchus, to create a predator-specific landscape of fear from eagles to assess its impact on space use within mixed regressive-spatial regressive models incorporating data on resource distribution and structural characteristics of the environment. The landscape of fear from eagles was the most significant determinant of samango range use, with no effect of resource availability. The monkeys also selected areas of their range with higher canopies and higher understory visibility, behaviour consistent with further minimizing risk of predation. These results contrast ...
Insects | Free Full-Text | Reciprocal Trophic Interactions and Transmission of Blood Parasites between Mosquitoes and FrogsInsects | Free Full-Text | Reciprocal Trophic Interactions and Transmission of Blood Parasites between Mosquitoes and Frogs
The relationship between mosquitoes and their amphibian hosts is a unique, reciprocal trophic interaction. Instead of a one-way, predator-prey relationship, there is a cyclical dance of avoidance and attraction. This has prompted spatial and temporal synchrony between organisms, reflected in emergence time of mosquitoes in the spring and choice of habitat for oviposition. Frog-feeding mosquitoes also possess different sensory apparatuses than do their mammal-feeding counterparts. The reciprocal nature of this relationship is exploited by various blood parasites that use mechanical, salivary or trophic transmission to pass from mosquitoes to frogs. It is important to investigate the involvement of mosquitoes, frogs and parasites in this interaction in order to understand the consequences of anthropogenic actions, such as implementing biocontrol efforts against mosquitoes, and to determine potential causes of the global decline of amphibian species.
Crypsis (Deception In Predator-Prey Interaction)Crypsis (Deception In Predator-Prey Interaction)
Crypsis is deception by animals to fool others in order to survive or to kill the prey. This includes protective coloration & resemblance, and mimicry.
Predator-Prey Systems: the Wolves in Yellowstone Tickets, Thu, 21/09/2017 at 7:00 pm | EventbritePredator-Prey Systems: the Wolves in Yellowstone Tickets, Thu, 21/09/2017 at 7:00 pm | Eventbrite
Eventbrite - The Royal Society of Victoria presents Predator-Prey Systems: the Wolves in Yellowstone - Thursday, 21 September 2017 at The Royal Society of Victoria, Melbourne, VIC. Find event and ticket information.
How does light affect what bass eat? | BassmasterHow does light affect what bass eat? | Bassmaster
Conventional angling wisdom says in clear water use "natural looking" lures. Bright days use light colors, in low light or more turbid water use darker colored lures. But do bass pick and choose what they eat based on the same criteria? Does their diet change based on water clarity?. Researchers have known for some time that changes in turbidity can influence fish behavior. It all boils down to light penetration and "visual acuity." In general, under more turbid conditions, prey species have a harder time seeing their own food. And more importantly, detection of predators and their reaction distances are reduced which can also lead to early mortality - being eaten.. Predatory fish like bass are just the opposite. As light intensity decreases either from reduced sunlight or from increased turbidity, the advantage shifts from the prey fish to the predators. In clear water many prey fish can see and recognize bass as a threat much further than the bass can see and recognize the prey as a meal. ...
Halfbakery: Behavioural palaeontologyHalfbakery: Behavioural palaeontology
Many animals show apparently innate fears. For example, small prey animals seem programmed to take cover at the sight of a hawk, but not of a duck. Rabbits, in my experience, will take cover when a dog appears, but are untroubled by sheep.. Although some of these behaviours may be learned, many have been shown to be inborn, and hence are probably encoded genetically or epigenetically. They also persist, even in populations which are no longer exposed to the original threat.. Now.. One of the problems with palaeontology is that we cannot, in general, ascertain details of the outer appearance of extinct species. What colour was T. rex, for example? We have no idea.. Yes, youre ahead of me on this one. If animals fear predators innately, then some residue of this fear should remain even if the predator is extinct. (After all, mice will still fear kestrels, even if all kestrels are exterminated.). So.. We need to get a bunch of potential prey animals together in a field. Well choose species ...
Dingo Numbers Influence Ecosystem Diversity - The Harvard Undergraduate Research JournalDingo Numbers Influence Ecosystem Diversity - The Harvard Undergraduate Research Journal
The results from this study support the mesopredator release hypothesis: in areas of baiting, increased mesopredator activity and subsequent suppression of small mammal abundance was observed. These findings are consistent with previous studies on the negative correlation found between dingoes and mesopredators (Kennedy et al., 2011; Letnic and Dworjanyn 2011). In accordance with the expectation that perceived predation risk is higher with greater predator density, giving up densities of rodents were higher in the baited study area. However, while small mammal abundance demonstrated the direct impacts of predation, medium-sized mam-mal and macropod abundance appeared to be unaffected by dingo presence.. Lower abundance and diversity of small mammals in baited areas was most likely indicative of increased mesopredator activ-ity. Presence of V. vulpes and F. catus on predator track plots was observed only in baited study areas. In studies where foxes have been removed, increases in small mammal ...
Orca predation on Great White Shark in Gansbaai, South AfricaOrca predation on Great White Shark in Gansbaai, South Africa
Much speculation has occurred regarding the disappearance of white sharks from Gansbaai over the past three years- and what has driven their absence. "We believe that commercial overfishing and removal of prey species has a critical impact on the number of white sharks and we are encouraged by the recent selection of an expert panel of scientists to advise the Department of Environmental Affairs, Forestry and Fisheries on addressing this matter. However, the impact of Orca predations on white sharks in Gansbaai is simply undeniable. It is not a smokescreen for a bigger issue but also linked to pressures other marine species are enduring, adding further urgency to the action on threats affecting the decline of shark stocks along the South African coast," says Wilfred Chivell, CEO of Marine Dynamics. "The shark cage diving industry is key to daily monitoring of white sharks that can ultimately advise conservation policy. We have been proactive in setting up our COVID-19 safety protocols so we now ...
باش بەت - Wikispeciesباش بەت - Wikispecies
Take a look at Myrmarachne plataleoides. It is defeinitely an ant, right? Wrong! This is actually a jumping spider that disguises itmself as an aggressive weaver ant. It does this to deter potential predators by looking as if it were the unpalatable and dangerous insect. The weaver ant is noted for its painful bite and for producing two types of chemicals which increase the pain in the bite wound. This aggressive ants bite can last for several days and be very unpleasant, so many birds, reptiles and amphibians avoid it. The Myrmarachne spider is really harmless and shy, yet it pretends to be just as tough by looking and walking almost exactly as a weaver ant. Its front section is modified to look like the distinct head and thorax of an ant, and it has two black spots that mimic the ants eyes. The forelegs mimic the ants antennae, so the spider looks as if it has only six legs instead of eight. This is not the only ant-mimicking creature, and many additional species are found around the ...
What are grasshoppers natural predators? | Reference.comWhat are grasshoppers' natural predators? | Reference.com
The most common predators of grasshoppers are flies. Flies place their eggs near grasshopper eggs so that when the fly eggs hatch they can feed on grasshopper eggs. In some cases, the fly larvae even...
Scientific TeamScientific Team
I examine the dynamics between predators and their prey and how those dynamic shape the coral reef community. Typical models of predator-prey dynamics assume that predators act independently within the community. For example, doubling of predators leads to a doubling of predation threat. New evidence from coral reefs, however, calls into question the this assumption.. The populations of fish we see from remote (and unfished) coral reefs show evidence of "inverted trophic pyramids", namely with a higher biomass of "top" predators relative to the biomass of lower trophic guilds (prey species) . In these cases, doubling the predator biomass is unlikely to double predation threat as in the typical model.. My research further examines these inverted trophic pyramids among fishes, specifically considering the role of competition among predators for food in shaping community dynamics. How do reductions in predators (from fishing pressure) create dynamic changes in coral reef fish populations? Are our ...
Cockroach Natural Predators | COMBATCockroach Natural Predators | COMBAT
Do cockroaches have predators or do they roam without a care. This article should also help you with your plan to eradicate them from your home.
Lady Beetle Larva and Pupa - Harmonia axyridis - North American Insects & SpidersLady Beetle Larva and Pupa - Harmonia axyridis - North American Insects & Spiders
The multicolored Asian ladybug was imported in an early attempt at biological control of aphids; it has naturalized rapidly and inhabits most of North America. Ditto the so-called 7-Spotted lady beetle. It just shows the succes of the beetle body-plan in exploiting the ubiquity of that predator-prey ratio: aphids and their ilk are extremely prolific reproducers; their predators are therefore many and varied. It all boils down to a complex web of interactions beginning with animals capable of exploiting plants ability to make sugar from sunlight.. Ladybugs often overwinter as adults in gregarious swarms under fallen leaves, bark, or inside unheated buildings. As insects go, they are a very beneficial group, being natural enemies of many insects, especially aphids and other critters that damage plants by feeding on their sap. A single ladybug can consume vast quantities of aphids in its lifetime, perhaps as many as 5,000 or more. During the Middle Ages, these beetles were used to control aphid ...
Team:KU Leuven/Parts - 2013.igem.orgTeam:KU Leuven/Parts - 2013.igem.org
BBa_K1060002 contains an open reading frame that codes for a sesquiterpene synthase (GenBank Accession No. AY835398), (E)-b-farnesene synthase, that has been isolated from Artemisia annua (Picaud et al., 2005). The enzyme converts farnesyl diphosphate into E-β-farnesene. E-β-farnesene is an alarm hormone produced by aphids. It is also an important semiochemical in aphid localization. It is released in the cornicle secretions of many aphid species (Franscis et al., 2005) to alert surrounding aphids of the presence of natural enemies (Kunert et al., 2005). Detection of these short range chemical cues leads not to the aphid directly, but only indicates the presence, improving prey detection of the predators and parasitoids ...
TRADEOFFS BETWEEN PREDATION RISK AND FEEDING IN A LIZARD, THE BROAD-HEADED SKINK (EUMECES LATICEPS) » Brill OnlineTRADEOFFS BETWEEN PREDATION RISK AND FEEDING IN A LIZARD, THE BROAD-HEADED SKINK (EUMECES LATICEPS) » Brill Online
Foraging, feeding, and escape decisions may all be modified by threat of predation. Field experiments using a human simulated predator show that a lizard, the broad - headed skink, Eumeces laticeps, alters several aspects of feeding behavior in ways suggesting tradeoffs between predation risk and feeding. When food (cricket) was closer to the predator, the lizards more frequently did not attack it, and often retreated to safety before consuming it, reducing the duration of exposure to predation. The probability of attacking a cricket decreased with distance of the lizard from refuge, reflecting greater risk due to increased time required to reach refuge. Latency to attack increased with distance of the lizard from refuge, suggesting that lizards assessed the risk as acceptable after observing the predator's continued immobility. Large crickets were attacked with higher probability and shorter latency than small crickets, indicating that greater risk was acceptable for greater energetic benefit. The
Interspecific audience effects on the alarm-calling behaviour of a kleptoparasitic bird | Biology LettersInterspecific audience effects on the alarm-calling behaviour of a kleptoparasitic bird | Biology Letters
Despite no difference in the time spent foraging terrestrially (and thus exposed to terrestrial predators), drongos gave alarm calls to terrestrial predators more often when following pied babbler groups. This difference may be explained by the benefits received from audience response. Drongos foraging solitarily regularly alarmed at aerial predators providing support for the idea that individuals may use alarm calls as signals to warn approaching predators that they have been detected (Zahavi 1977; Bergstrom & Lachmann 2001). Since solitary drongos primarily forage by hawking aerial prey, terrestrial predators are unlikely to pose a threat to them, and thus there is little benefit in giving an alarm call to this predator type. In contrast, drongos following pied babbler groups benefit from giving alarm calls to terrestrial predators because these predators are a direct threat to their host species (Ridley & Raihani 2007). While drongos in kleptoparasitic mode spent a greater proportion of time ...
reproduction Archives - 80beats : 80beatsreproduction Archives - 80beats : 80beats
Chinese mantid. Praying mantises are really preying mantises, capable predators that capture and eat smaller insects. In the case of the larger, stronger female mantises, "smaller insects" also famously includes males of the same species. To mate with a potential predator, the males have to sneak up on their ladies, and a new study suggests that they use the wind to help them out: males approached females more readily when a breeze shook the females perch and disguised the males motion.. For mantises to mate, the male must creep up to the female and leap onto her back. If he fails, he will become a meal before he has a chance to reproduce. (Even if he succeeds, the female may bite his head off during copulation-but the decapitated male body is still able to continue mating and pass on his genes. So, mission accomplished?) Reaching the female undetected is thus an important male ability, and researchers tested how wind would affect it. They placed a male Chinese mantid on a kudzu leaf, upwind ...
Stony Brook Undergraduate Bulletin - Fall 2016 - MVBCoursesStony Brook Undergraduate Bulletin - Fall 2016 - MVBCourses
The removal of apex predators is one of the most pervasive impacts of humans on Earths ecosystems. In the past few decades we have started to recognize how the loss of these species has caused substantial changes in terrestrial ecosystem diversity and function, mediated by changes in prey population dynamics and behavior. It is only recently that we have realized that changes in the abundance of apex predators in the ocean (e.g., sharks, marine mammals, tuna and other large predatory bony fish) may be causing similar changes in coastal and pelagic marine ecosystems. In this course we will (1) review the biology of key marine apex predators, (2) explore how top down processes (predation and intimidation of prey) can influence marine ecosystems and (3) review the status of marine apex predators and how this relates to the current state of ocean ecosystems. We will draw from the primary literature, from both the terrestrial and marine realms, and host outside speakers who study these animals in ...
Biology | Animal Behavior | Amherst CollegeBiology | Animal Behavior | Amherst College
Shaped by millions of years of evolution, animals have evolved myriad abilities to respond to their environment, their potential predators and prey, and members of their own species. This course examines animal behavior from both a mechanistic and a functional perspective. Drawing upon examples from a diverse range of taxa, and using articles from the primary scientific literature, we will discuss topics such as behavioral endocrinology, sexual selection and mating systems, animal communication, and kinship and cooperation. Four classroom hours.. Requisite: BIOL 181. Limited to 14 students. Not open to first-year students. Fall semester. Professor Clotfelter.. If Overenrolled: Preference given to biology majors and according to class year (seniors first, etc.) ...
NASA - Military GospelNASA - Military Gospel
Predation: Predator-Prey and parasite-host involves interactions in which one organism consumes all or part (resources) of another. These linkages are the prime movers of energy through food chains. They are an important factor in the ecology of populations, determining mortality of prey and birth of new predators. Predation is an important evolutionary force: natural selection favors more effective predators and more evasive prey. "Arms races" have been recorded in some snails, which over time become more heavily armored prey, and their predators, crabs, which over time develop more massive claws with greater crushing power. Growth-Collapse predator-prey systems are potentially unstable; as opposed to Keystone Predator Ecoystems.. Humans who engage in totalitarian agriculture, engage in Predator-Prey Growth and Collapse of Civilization/Empire cycles: Greco-Rome, Minoan, Mycenaean, Sumerians, Akkadian, Assyrian, Babylonian, Achaemenid, Seleucid, Zhou, Han, Tang, Song, Parthian, Sassanid, ...
Ability to capture large prey may be origin of army ants cooperative behavior | EurekAlert! Science NewsAbility to capture large prey may be origin of army ants' cooperative behavior | EurekAlert! Science News
Sightings of army ants attacking and eating a giant worm and a snake have led scientists to offer a new theory on the origin of cooperative hunting behavior among the insects.
Fine Art - Paul NicklenFine Art - Paul Nicklen
Polar Express The evolutionary path that Emperor penguins have followed, is the product of one of the most extreme environments on the planet. Their predator-prey relationship with leopard seals is part of that evolution and it is what has pushed to evolve a bubble tunnel strategy to increase their speed as they exit the water. As they rocket to the surface, they release millions of microbubbles from their feathers in order to reduce the amount of friction beteen their feathers and the water, allowing them to accelerate to much greater speeds to avoid leopard seal predation. ...
Parasites as causative agents of human affective disorders? The impact of anti-psychotic, mood-stabilizer and anti-parasite...Parasites as causative agents of human affective disorders? The impact of anti-psychotic, mood-stabilizer and anti-parasite...
An apparent suicidal feline attraction and risk behavioural profile among untreated infected individuals was clearly evident here. Under natural conditions, these are all behavioural traits likely to increase predation rate by the definitive host and hence completion of the parasites life cycle (Webster 2001), either through increased risk behaviours (presence in areas with evidence of cat presence), conspicuousness (increased activity or still and exposed), or through decreased attention on predator avoidance (grooming in exposed areas) relative to their untreated uninfected counterparts (figure 2, table 2). Treatment of infected rats with, in order of decreasing efficacy: HAL, PD and VAL, reduced these predator-risk behavioural traits. Therefore, our results lend support to the hypothesis that the anti-psychotic and mood stabilizing activity of some medications used in the treatment of schizophrenia and human affective disorder may be augmented through their inhibitory impact upon T. gondii in ...
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Predatory BehaviorAntsAmphipodaCladoceraVideodisc RecordingDipteryxBrazilNematodaGenome, HelminthDNA, HelminthGenes, HelminthCaenorhabditis elegansHelminth ProteinsVulvaPapio cynocephalusPapioCercopithecusCercopithecus aethiopsRainHaresBisonFelidaeLionsPantheraEncyclopedias as TopicArtiodactylaMycoplasma bovisMichiganResearchFemale Athlete Triad SyndromeAthletesSportsBasketballTrack and FieldManihotMitesVolatile Organic CompoundsAcariTetranychidaeVolatilizationPan troglodytesApe DiseasesPan paniscusAnimals, ZooGorilla gorillaGesturesCampingMicroclimateHolidaysFoxesBurialIsraelLiability, Legal
Coordinated group ambush: A new predatory behavior in Azteca ants (Dolichoderinae) | SpringerLinkCoordinated group ambush: A new predatory behavior in Azteca ants (Dolichoderinae) | SpringerLink
Predatory Behavior of Yellow Baboons » Brill OnlinePredatory Behavior of Yellow Baboons » Brill Online
The predatory behaviour of nymphs of dragonfly (Africocypha varicolor) on fry of African mud catfish (Clarias gariepinus) and...The predatory behaviour of nymphs of dragonfly (Africocypha varicolor) on fry of African mud catfish (Clarias gariepinus) and...
Animals | Free Full-Text | Hunting Activity Among Naturalistically Housed Chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) at the Fundació Mona ...Animals | Free Full-Text | Hunting Activity Among Naturalistically Housed Chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) at the Fundació Mona ...
Physical evidence of predatory behavior in Tyrannosaurus rex | PNASPhysical evidence of predatory behavior in Tyrannosaurus rex | PNAS
Predatory behavior in the genus Leptogenys: A comparative study | SpringerLinkPredatory behavior in the genus Leptogenys: A comparative study | SpringerLink
Eroticized Dominance - Emotional Grooming, Predatory Behaviors As Cultural Norms?Eroticized Dominance - Emotional Grooming, Predatory Behaviors As Cultural Norms?
Rand Paul accuses Bill Clinton of predatory behavior toward Lewinsky - CBS News - Discussion on TopixRand Paul accuses Bill Clinton of 'predatory' behavior toward Lewinsky - CBS News - Discussion on Topix
Browsing by Subject Predatory BehaviorBrowsing by Subject "Predatory Behavior"
Do neonicotinoids inhibit the development of anti-predatory behaviors in wood frogs?Do neonicotinoids inhibit the development of anti-predatory behaviors in wood frogs?
Assaying Predatory Feeding Behaviors in Pristionchus and Other Nematodes | Protocol (Translated to German)Assaying Predatory Feeding Behaviors in Pristionchus and Other Nematodes | Protocol (Translated to German)
Ecological consequences of genetic variation in foraging behaviors of a predatory miteEcological consequences of genetic variation in foraging behaviors of a predatory mite
Dark side of information systems and protection of children online: examining predatory behavior and victimization of children...Dark side of information systems and protection of children online: examining predatory behavior and victimization of children...
Smilodon - WikipediaSmilodon - Wikipedia
Smilodon - WikipediaSmilodon - Wikipedia
Orienting and avoidance turning are precisely computed by the predatory sea-slug Pleurobranchaea californica McFarland |...Orienting and avoidance turning are precisely computed by the predatory sea-slug Pleurobranchaea californica McFarland |...
Within-plant migration of the predatory mite Typhlodromalus aripo from the apex to the leaves of cassava: Response to day-night...Within-plant migration of the predatory mite Typhlodromalus aripo from the apex to the leaves of cassava: Response to day-night...
Predatory Behavior - Children of the AmphioxusPredatory Behavior - Children of the Amphioxus
Global patterns in marine predatory fish - DTU OrbitGlobal patterns in marine predatory fish - DTU Orbit
Envirowords, Author at Bright HubEnvirowords, Author at Bright Hub
What are the personality traits of a typical Libra woman? | Reference.comWhat are the personality traits of a typical Libra woman? | Reference.com
Lythronax - WikipediaLythronax - Wikipedia
Scytodes - WikipediaScytodes - Wikipedia
Scientists Find a Predatory Device in the Cholera Bacterium | Infection Control TodayScientists Find a Predatory Device in the Cholera Bacterium | Infection Control Today
Michigan State University doctor Larry Nassar surrounded by enablers as he abused athletes- ESPNMichigan State University doctor Larry Nassar surrounded by enablers as he abused athletes- ESPN
The Eastern Screech Owl: Life History, Ecology, and Behavior in the Suburbs ... - Frederick R. Gehlbach - Google BooksThe Eastern Screech Owl: Life History, Ecology, and Behavior in the Suburbs ... - Frederick R. Gehlbach - Google Books
How gekkotans evolved into predatory snakes (gekkotans part XII) | ScienceBlogsHow gekkotans evolved into predatory 'snakes' (gekkotans part XII) | ScienceBlogs
Letter to the Editor | Drainage district is very unhelpful | News-Gazette.comLetter to the Editor | Drainage district is very unhelpful | News-Gazette.com
Creature Animation: Locomotion - Course Breakdown | Animation MentorCreature Animation: Locomotion - Course Breakdown | Animation Mentor
Iraq: economic embargo and predatory rule, by Abbas AlnasrawiIraq: economic embargo and predatory rule, by Abbas Alnasrawi
Predatory fish invasion induces within and across ecosystem effects in Yellowstone National Park | Science AdvancesPredatory fish invasion induces within and across ecosystem effects in Yellowstone National Park | Science Advances
AnatomyOrganismsDiseasesChemicals and DrugsPsychiatry and PsychologyPhenomena and ProcessesDisciplines and OccupationsAnthropology, Education, Sociology and Social PhenomenaTechnology, Industry, AgricultureInformation ScienceNamed GroupsHealth CareGeographicals
Predatory BehaviorAntsAmphipodaCladoceraVideodisc RecordingDipteryxBrazilNematodaGenome, HelminthDNA, HelminthGenes, HelminthCaenorhabditis elegansHelminth ProteinsVulvaPapio cynocephalusPapioCercopithecusCercopithecus aethiopsRainHaresBisonFelidaeLionsPantheraEncyclopedias as TopicArtiodactylaMycoplasma bovisMichiganResearchFemale Athlete Triad SyndromeAthletesSportsBasketballTrack and FieldManihotMitesVolatile Organic CompoundsAcariTetranychidaeVolatilizationPan troglodytesApe DiseasesPan paniscusAnimals, ZooGorilla gorillaGesturesCampingMicroclimateHolidaysFoxesBurialIsraelLiability, Legal
VertebratesSpeciesConsistsDevelopCommonFeeding BehaviorPreyAggressive behaviorHypothalamically elicited predatoryAggressionCompletely blocked the predatoryReported behavior problems in dogsDog'sFeline BehaviorRatsEcologyAnimal behaviorSubstratesRand PaulMechanismsSexual behaviorNatural behaviorWolvesSpidersDogsPredationNeuronsTraitsEcologicalReproductionPredatorSuggestsRepetitiveEcosystemsModulationDifferencesLarvaeRumorsHabitsAnimalsGenetic variationHungerSimultaneouslyPatternsSocialPopulationsModificationCloselyInappropriatePhysicalSeasonsHollywoodWidelyTriggerBiteReactionPoorlyThreatArtificial
Vertebrates1
Species1
Consists1
Develop1
  • Young develop rapidly, and seem to act like young dogs or coyotes by fighting and seeming preparing for their predatory life style. (isu.edu)
Common1
  • This research, therefore, investigated the possibility of using the root extract of a common weed in southwestern Nigeria, named P. alliacea, in checkmating the predatory influence of nymphs of dragonfly which frequently attack fry of African mud catfish. (omicsonline.org)
Feeding Behavior4
  • This challenge to understanding the lifestyle of extinct animals is exemplified by the controversy over the feeding behavior of the Late Cretaceous theropod Tyrannosaurus rex ( 3 , 7 ⇓ ⇓ ⇓ ⇓ ⇓ ⇓ ⇓ ⇓ ⇓ - 17 ). (pnas.org)
  • Although predation and scavenging have often been suggested as distinct feeding behavior alternatives ( 3 , 7 ⇓ - 9 , 11 ⇓ ⇓ ⇓ ⇓ ⇓ - 17 ), these terms merit semantic clarification. (pnas.org)
  • In this study, predation is considered a subset of feeding behavior, by which any species kills what it eats. (pnas.org)
  • His research has included autopsying dead marine mammals, studying the feeding behavior of sharks, and trying to estimate shark population size. (angelfire.com)
Prey13
  • This indicates that the prey escaped and lived for some time after the injury, providing direct evidence of predatory behavior by T. rex . (pnas.org)
  • When a prey escaped, workers reacted by using a local searching or "reserve" behavior: they moved by increasing both sinuosity and speed. (springer.com)
  • The details of predatory behavior for each prey species are described. (brillonline.com)
  • My dissertation addressed predator-prey population dynamics in response to variation in four foraging traits in the predatory mite, Phytoseiulus persimilis (Acari: Phytoseiidae): consumption rate, conversion efficiency, dispersal, and olfactory response related to prey. (k-state.edu)
  • The dispersal response and olfactory sensitivity in predatory mites is modified by prey-related cues. (k-state.edu)
  • The olfactory response of predatory mites also increased with increasing numbers of prey per plant or with the length of time a plant was infested by prey. (k-state.edu)
  • The existence of genetic variation and covariation among the foraging traits suggests that predatory mites must be able to adopt different foraging strategies in the evolution of prey-finding in a tritrophic system. (k-state.edu)
  • The variability in foraging behaviors of the predatory mite affects its ability to locate patchily distributed prey, thereby influencing foraging efficiency and population dynamics. (k-state.edu)
  • some people even enlist such non-predatory beasts, like horses, camels, and elephants in getting approaches to prey. (children-of-the-amphioxus.com)
  • After burrowing through the outer wall, B. bacteriovorus secretes hydrolytic enzymes to obtain energy for growth and division before lysing the prey cell host to repeat the predatory cycle. (nih.gov)
  • Inspired by their prey hunting behaviors and distribution mode, we abstracted three intelligent behaviors, scouting, calling, and besieging, and two intelligent rules, winner-take-all generation rule of lead wolf and stronger-survive renewing rule of wolf pack. (hindawi.com)
  • They are coated by chemosensors that provide detection of minute chemical signals that are thought to alert the scorpions to the approach of prey and also to be of use in mating behavior. (desertusa.com)
  • What's more, the researchers may view predatory segments on a frame-by-frame basis to identify the exact distances, movements and timing of movements of rattlesnakes and their prey during their interactions. (nsf.gov)
Aggressive behavior7
Hypothalamically elicited predatory2
Aggression9
Completely blocked the predatory2
  • Microinfusions of naloxone alone in similar dosage completely blocked the predatory attack response as indicated by an increase in the threshold current strength for somatomotor as well as affective display components. (who.int)
  • Microinfusions of yohimbine, an alpha-2 blocker, in 5 microg dose completely blocked the predatory attach response as indicated by an increase in the threshold current strength for the affective components. (bvsalud.org)
Reported behavior problems in dogs1
Dog's5
  • Because destructive behavior has many potential causes, a careful analysis of the dog's history and environment is necessary to help identify the cause of the problem so that effective behavior modification techniques can be recommended. (mspca.org)
  • Thus, anticipation of the owner's return or arrival increases the dog's anxiety level, and may result in destructive behavior to relieve the anxiety. (mspca.org)
  • Learning the answers to these questions can clarify the circumstances that trigger your dog's aggressive reaction and provide insight into the reasons for her behavior. (aspca.org)
  • In most cases, the dog's intention is not so much to harm the threat as it is to change the threat's behavior by making it go away. (positively.com)
  • Was this fatal dog attack in California caused by the dog's predatory tendencies? (dogexpert.com)
Feline Behavior1
  • Blackwell's Five-Minute Veterinary Consult Clinical Companion: Canine and Feline Behavior, Second Edition offers fast access to reliable, practical information on managing common behavior disorders in dogs and cats. (wiley.com)
Rats2
Ecology1
  • Instead, this investigation will deal exclusively with the evolutionary history of the australopithecines: their anatomy, diet, ecology and behavior. (tolweb.org)
Animal behavior2
Substrates2
Rand Paul2
Mechanisms2
  • These observations appear to outline a framework of behavior that could be employed for efficient tracking of odor trails, and which is regulated by decision mechanisms that integrate sensation, internal state and experience. (biologists.org)
  • Microinfusions of propranalol (beta-blocker), practalol (beta-1 blocker), prazosin (alpha-1 antagonist), propylene glycol as well as saline in similar volumes (0.5 microl) as control failed to produce any blocking effect, thus indicating the involvement of alpha-2 adrenoceptive mechanisms in the modulation of predatory attack in this region of midbrain. (bvsalud.org)
Sexual behavior2
Natural behavior2
  • We'd rather they have as natural behavior as possible," said Bengt Holst, director of conservation for the Copenhagen Zoo . (nytimes.com)
  • Unfortunately, the very presence of pets in the preserve alters the natural behavior of native wildlife. (nps.gov)
Wolves1
Spiders2
Dogs13
  • Humans and dogs make a predatory team rivaling any single predator in effectiveness. (children-of-the-amphioxus.com)
  • Without crafted weapons, society , or cleverness, a lone human can easily be defeated by fit predatory animals, such as wild dogs, big cats and bears (see Man-eater ). (children-of-the-amphioxus.com)
  • Chewing, playing, exploring, and investigating their environment are normal behaviors for dogs - especially puppies! (mspca.org)
  • This is one of the most common causes of destructive behavior in dogs, particularly in those obtained from shelters or found as strays. (mspca.org)
  • Dogs with separation anxiety tend to display behaviors which reflect a strong attachment to their owners - following owners from room to room, displaying almost frantic greeting behaviors, and reacting to owners' preparation to leaving the house. (mspca.org)
  • Dogs which do to receive attention and reinforcement for appropriate behavior may show destructive behavior when owners are present, as a way to attract attention - even if the attention is "negative" such as verbal scoldings. (mspca.org)
  • This is very common in young dogs and often occurs when the dog is unsupervised or does not have sufficient outlets for appropriate play behavior. (mspca.org)
  • Dogs don't always follow this sequence, and they often do several of the behaviors above simultaneously. (aspca.org)
  • Dogs are often valued for this level of territorial behavior. (aspca.org)
  • Reassessing the behavior in line with learning theory suggests in some situations, dogs that are confident and assertive are motivated by a pattern of successful encounters to continue their behavior. (vcahospitals.com)
  • Note that even dogs lacking aggressive tendencies towards people may still nevertheless possess predatory tendencies. (dogexpert.com)
  • The swinging movement of a person the size of an infant on a swing has the potential to trigger a predatory reaction in some dogs. (dogexpert.com)
  • In other circumstances, some dogs may be prompted to attack for predatory reasons after hearing the noise from a hearing aid . (dogexpert.com)
Predation2
  • Ancient diets can be readily reconstructed on the basis of the available evidence, although their derivation (e.g., predation or scavenging behavior) often remains elusive. (pnas.org)
  • Once the researchers successfully record snake predation, they simply fast-forward through the inevitably long segments showing inactivity, but replay predatory segments as many times as necessary. (nsf.gov)
Neurons3
Traits1
Ecological2
  • Dr. Douglas Long has been doing research on the ecological interactions, in particular the feeding habits and predatory behavior of great white sharks on marine mammals along the coast of central California for several years now. (angelfire.com)
  • Despite the ecological significance of rattlesnakes, their predatory behavior has been largely understudied. (nsf.gov)
Reproduction1
  • Traditional ecotoxicology studies focus on the physical effects a chemical has on growth and reproduction, but this study highlights the need to evaluate behavior when assessing the effects of contaminants on wildlife populations. (phys.org)
Predator3
  • Stacey Robinson and her co-author Stacey Lee-Jenkins evaluated the anti-predator behavior of wood frogs after exposure to neonicotinoids. (phys.org)
  • Wood frogs employ a number of strategies and behaviors to avoid being eaten: camouflage, immobility, crouching or assuming an "anti-predator" posture, but being able to flee quickly once detected is also critical to survival. (phys.org)
  • analysis of modern predator behavior as well as of Smilodon ' s fossil remains could be construed to lend support to either view. (wikipedia.org)
Suggests1
  • This suggests that more variants of smaller effects underlie variation in aerobic performance, whereas fewer variants of larger effects underlie variation in predatory behavior. (edu.pl)
Repetitive2
  • Many people who know someone with OCPD want to know how to help the OCPD sufferer from doing some of his or her repetitive or negative behaviors. (audible.com)
  • Motivational and reinforcing assays reveal that ZI photoactivation is associated with a strong appetitive drive, causing repetitive self-stimulatory behaviors. (nature.com)
Ecosystems2
  • Predatory fish introduction can cause cascading changes within recipient freshwater ecosystems. (sciencemag.org)
  • These interactions across multiple trophic levels both within and outside of the invaded lake highlight the potential substantial influence of an introduced predatory fish on otherwise pristine ecosystems. (sciencemag.org)
Modulation2
Differences1
  • Here, we show how latitudinal differences in predatory fish can essentially be explained by the inflow of energy at the base of the pelagic and benthic food chain. (dtu.dk)
Larvae1
Rumors1
  • Rumors about his behavior swirled in "whispers [that] had become so loud they were more like shouts"-and unnamed movement leaders were refusing to expose him. (theatlantic.com)
Habits1
  • One of the most daunting tasks of paleontology is inferring the behavior and feeding habits of extinct organisms. (pnas.org)
Animals3
Genetic variation1
Hunger1
Simultaneously1
  • In his book, Dying to Be Men , Dr. Will Courtenay describes the cultural influences of "masculinity" that lead men to reject many healthy behaviors, and simultaneously to gravitate to numerous unhealthy behaviors instead, which put them at risk of death, injury and disease. (psychcentral.com)
Patterns2
Social6
  • This research examines a darker side of social media that demonstrates unintended consequences that are negatively transforming and affecting lives of children who fall victim to predatory coercion. (uncg.edu)
  • Additionally, we present a matrix of predatory coercion and victimization of children within social media that aggregates the results of all three studies. (uncg.edu)
  • It's a pretty common thing, as any good wolf biologist will tell you, that any wolf's job in his righteous social behavior is to investigate and assault strange canines. (nationalgeographic.com)
  • In 1995, inspired by social behavior and movement dynamics of birds, Kennedy proposed the particle swarm optimization algorithm (PSO) [ 7 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • In 1996, inspired by social division and foraging behavior of ant colonies, Dorigo proposed the ant colony optimization algorithm (ACO) [ 8 ]. (hindawi.com)
  • Some kinds of scorpions show more sophisticated social behaviors, like colonial burrowing, and living in familial groups that may share burrows and food. (desertusa.com)
Populations1
  • Studies have shown that it is a systematic behavior in different populations of chimpanzees [ 8 ], which may occur either individually or cooperatively. (mdpi.com)
Modification1
Closely1
  • Hunting behavior is closely related to elbow flexibility, and so the scientists looked to the parts of the humerus (upper arm bone) which articulate with the forearm to see what the thylacine's arms were capable of. (wired.com)
Inappropriate1
Physical1
Seasons1
Hollywood1
  • His behavior has been an open secret to many in Hollywood and beyond, but previous attempts by many publications, including The New Yorker , to investigate and publish the story over the years fell short of the demands of journalistic evidence. (newyorker.com)
Widely1
Trigger2
Bite2
  • These predatory tendencies directed towards an animal or a person, particularly the size of a newborn, have resulted in dog bite fatalities. (dogexpert.com)
  • And it was the infant's reaction, and not the coughing, which triggered a predatory bite by this dog. (dogexpert.com)
Reaction1
  • It would be fair to assume that in this fatal dog attack in California the parents, although nearby to supervise, were probably unaware of the speed in which a predatory reaction in a dog might happen. (dogexpert.com)
Poorly1
  • Until now, predatory behavior among captive chimpanzees has been poorly documented. (mdpi.com)
Threat1
  • Helping an aggressive dog become more confident by teaching him to see a perceived threat or potential loss of a valued resource in a different light is the key to successfully changing the behavior. (positively.com)
Artificial1
  • In 2005, motivated by the intelligent foraging behavior of honeybee swarms, Karaboga proposed the artificial bee colony (ABC) algorithm [ 10 ]. (hindawi.com)
Smilodon - Wikipedia
Smilodon - Wikipedia (en.wikipedia.org)
MEGA♪: Empirical Findings on the Preternatural: Sexually Violent and Predatory Sexually Violent Youth | SpringerLink
MEGA♪: Empirical Findings on the Preternatural: Sexually Violent and Predatory Sexually Violent Youth | SpringerLink (link.springer.com)
Physical evidence of predatory behavior in Tyrannosaurus rex | PNAS
Physical evidence of predatory behavior in Tyrannosaurus rex | PNAS (pnas.org)
Common garter snake - Wikipedia
Common garter snake - Wikipedia (en.wikipedia.org)
Envirowords, Author at Bright Hub
Envirowords, Author at Bright Hub (brighthub.com)
Michigan State University doctor Larry Nassar surrounded by enablers as he abused athletes- ESPN
Michigan State University doctor Larry Nassar surrounded by enablers as he abused athletes- ESPN (espn.com)
Rand Paul accuses Bill Clinton of 'predatory' behavior toward Lewinsky - CBS News - Discussion on Topix
Rand Paul accuses Bill Clinton of 'predatory' behavior toward Lewinsky - CBS News - Discussion on Topix (topix.com)
The Eastern Screech Owl: Life History, Ecology, and Behavior in the Suburbs ... - Frederick R. Gehlbach - Google Books
The Eastern Screech Owl: Life History, Ecology, and Behavior in the Suburbs ... - Frederick R. Gehlbach - Google Books (books.google.com)
Letter to the Editor | Drainage district is very unhelpful | News-Gazette.com
Letter to the Editor | Drainage district is very unhelpful | News-Gazette.com (news-gazette.com)
Contact Me - PoC
Contact Me - PoC (pictures-of-cats.org)
Calming Collar: Learning From Amazon? - PoC
Calming Collar: Learning From Amazon? - PoC (pictures-of-cats.org)
Cats Seeking Employment Must Pitch Their Unique Skills - PoC
Cats Seeking Employment Must Pitch Their Unique Skills - PoC (pictures-of-cats.org)
Cats' personal space - it is a requirement - PoC
Cats' personal space - it is a requirement - PoC (pictures-of-cats.org)
The Language of Prejudice Against Cats - PoC
The Language of Prejudice Against Cats - PoC (pictures-of-cats.org)
Lazy 5 Vets Needlessly Killed Client's Cat Then Chopped His Head off and Billed Her - PoC
Lazy 5 Vets Needlessly Killed Client's Cat Then Chopped His Head off and Billed Her - PoC (pictures-of-cats.org)
Explaining Destructive Behavior in Dogs • MSPCA-Angell
Explaining Destructive Behavior in Dogs • MSPCA-Angell (mspca.org)
Bell Book and Candle - PoC
Bell Book and Candle - PoC (pictures-of-cats.org)
The Political Consequences of Policing: Evidence from New York City | SpringerLink
The Political Consequences of Policing: Evidence from New York City | SpringerLink (link.springer.com)
Scientists Find a Predatory Device in the Cholera Bacterium | Infection Control Today
Scientists Find a Predatory Device in the Cholera Bacterium | Infection Control Today (infectioncontroltoday.com)
Aggression | ASPCA
Aggression | ASPCA (aspca.org)
CONTINUED
CONTINUED (popularmechanics.com)
Read the Stomach-Churning Sexual Assault Accusations Against R. Kelly in Full | The Village Voice
Read the "Stomach-Churning" Sexual Assault Accusations Against R. Kelly in Full | The Village Voice (villagevoice.com)
Geographic Variation in Reliance on Trial-and-Error Signal Derivation by Portia labiata, an Araneophagic Jumping Spider from...
Geographic Variation in Reliance on Trial-and-Error Signal Derivation by Portia labiata, an Araneophagic Jumping Spider from... (link.springer.com)
Blackwell's Five-Minute Veterinary Consult Clinical Companion: Canine and Feline Behavior, 2nd Edition | Veterinary Medicine /...
Blackwell's Five-Minute Veterinary Consult Clinical Companion: Canine and Feline Behavior, 2nd Edition | Veterinary Medicine /... (wiley.com)
Great White Shark
Great White Shark (angelfire.com)
Dog Aggression | Victoria Stilwell Positively
Dog Aggression | Victoria Stilwell Positively (positively.com)
Spider - New World Encyclopedia
Spider - New World Encyclopedia (newworldencyclopedia.org)
Willie Parker and the #MeToo Case That Split the Abortion-Rights Movement - The Atlantic
Willie Parker and the #MeToo Case That Split the Abortion-Rights Movement - The Atlantic (theatlantic.com)
Paleolithic - Wikipedia
Paleolithic - Wikipedia (en.wikipedia.org)
Common chimpanzee - Wikipedia
Common chimpanzee - Wikipedia (en.wikipedia.org)
Temperature-Dependence of Predator-Prey Dynamics in Interactions Between the Predatory Fungus Lecophagus sp. and Its Prey L....
Temperature-Dependence of Predator-Prey Dynamics in Interactions Between the Predatory Fungus Lecophagus sp. and Its Prey L.... (link.springer.com)
The Classical Review
The Classical Review (theclassicalreview.com)
Disciplining China's Trade Practices at the WTO: How WTO Complaints Can Help Make China More Market-Oriented | Cato Institute
Disciplining China's Trade Practices at the WTO: How WTO Complaints Can Help Make China More Market-Oriented | Cato Institute (cato.org)