Prazosin: A selective adrenergic alpha-1 antagonist used in the treatment of HEART FAILURE; HYPERTENSION; PHEOCHROMOCYTOMA; RAYNAUD DISEASE; PROSTATIC HYPERTROPHY; and URINARY RETENTION.Adrenergic alpha-Antagonists: Drugs that bind to but do not activate alpha-adrenergic receptors thereby blocking the actions of endogenous or exogenous adrenergic agonists. Adrenergic alpha-antagonists are used in the treatment of hypertension, vasospasm, peripheral vascular disease, shock, and pheochromocytoma.Adrenergic alpha-1 Receptor Antagonists: Drugs that bind to and block the activation of ADRENERGIC ALPHA-1 RECEPTORS.Receptors, Adrenergic, alpha: One of the two major pharmacological subdivisions of adrenergic receptors that were originally defined by the relative potencies of various adrenergic compounds. The alpha receptors were initially described as excitatory receptors that post-junctionally stimulate SMOOTH MUSCLE contraction. However, further analysis has revealed a more complex picture involving several alpha receptor subtypes and their involvement in feedback regulation.Receptors, Adrenergic, alpha-1: A subclass of alpha-adrenergic receptors that mediate contraction of SMOOTH MUSCLE in a variety of tissues such as ARTERIOLES; VEINS; and the UTERUS. They are usually found on postsynaptic membranes and signal through GQ-G11 G-PROTEINS.Yohimbine: A plant alkaloid with alpha-2-adrenergic blocking activity. Yohimbine has been used as a mydriatic and in the treatment of ERECTILE DYSFUNCTION.Adrenergic alpha-Agonists: Drugs that selectively bind to and activate alpha adrenergic receptors.Clonidine: An imidazoline sympatholytic agent that stimulates ALPHA-2 ADRENERGIC RECEPTORS and central IMIDAZOLINE RECEPTORS. It is commonly used in the management of HYPERTENSION.Dioxanes: 1,4-Diethylene dioxides. Industrial solvents. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985), dioxane itself may "reasonably be anticipated to be a carcinogen." (Merck Index, 11th ed)Norepinephrine: Precursor of epinephrine that is secreted by the adrenal medulla and is a widespread central and autonomic neurotransmitter. Norepinephrine is the principal transmitter of most postganglionic sympathetic fibers and of the diffuse projection system in the brain arising from the locus ceruleus. It is also found in plants and is used pharmacologically as a sympathomimetic.Scorpion Stings: The effects, both local and systemic, caused by the bite of SCORPIONS.Phenylephrine: An alpha-1 adrenergic agonist used as a mydriatic, nasal decongestant, and cardiotonic agent.Adrenergic alpha-1 Receptor Agonists: Compounds that bind to and activate ADRENERGIC ALPHA-1 RECEPTORS.Adrenergic Antagonists: Drugs that bind to but do not activate ADRENERGIC RECEPTORS. Adrenergic antagonists block the actions of the endogenous adrenergic transmitters EPINEPHRINE and NOREPINEPHRINE.Receptors, Adrenergic: Cell-surface proteins that bind epinephrine and/or norepinephrine with high affinity and trigger intracellular changes. The two major classes of adrenergic receptors, alpha and beta, were originally discriminated based on their cellular actions but now are distinguished by their relative affinity for characteristic synthetic ligands. Adrenergic receptors may also be classified according to the subtypes of G-proteins with which they bind; this scheme does not respect the alpha-beta distinction.Adrenergic alpha-2 Receptor Antagonists: Drugs that bind to and block the activation of ADRENERGIC ALPHA-2 RECEPTORS.Phentolamine: A nonselective alpha-adrenergic antagonist. It is used in the treatment of hypertension and hypertensive emergencies, pheochromocytoma, vasospasm of RAYNAUD DISEASE and frostbite, clonidine withdrawal syndrome, impotence, and peripheral vascular disease.Idazoxan: A benzodioxane-linked imidazole that has alpha-2 adrenoceptor antagonist activity.OxathiinsDoxazosin: A prazosin-related compound that is a selective alpha-1-adrenergic blocker.Methoxamine: An alpha-1 adrenergic agonist that causes prolonged peripheral VASOCONSTRICTION.Oxymetazoline: A direct acting sympathomimetic used as a vasoconstrictor to relieve nasal congestion. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1251)Phenoxybenzamine: An alpha-adrenergic antagonist with long duration of action. It has been used to treat hypertension and as a peripheral vasodilator.Receptors, Adrenergic, alpha-2: A subclass of alpha-adrenergic receptors found on both presynaptic and postsynaptic membranes where they signal through Gi-Go G-PROTEINS. While postsynaptic alpha-2 receptors play a traditional role in mediating the effects of ADRENERGIC AGONISTS, the subset of alpha-2 receptors found on presynaptic membranes signal the feedback inhibition of NEUROTRANSMITTER release.Aporphines: Dibenzoquinolines derived in plants from (S)-reticuline (BENZYLISOQUINOLINES).Propranolol: A widely used non-cardioselective beta-adrenergic antagonist. Propranolol has been used for MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION; ARRHYTHMIA; ANGINA PECTORIS; HYPERTENSION; HYPERTHYROIDISM; MIGRAINE; PHEOCHROMOCYTOMA; and ANXIETY but adverse effects instigate replacement by newer drugs.Vasoconstriction: The physiological narrowing of BLOOD VESSELS by contraction of the VASCULAR SMOOTH MUSCLE.Radioligand Assay: Quantitative determination of receptor (binding) proteins in body fluids or tissue using radioactively labeled binding reagents (e.g., antibodies, intracellular receptors, plasma binders).Adrenergic alpha-2 Receptor Agonists: Compounds that bind to and activate ADRENERGIC ALPHA-2 RECEPTORS.Muscle Contraction: A process leading to shortening and/or development of tension in muscle tissue. Muscle contraction occurs by a sliding filament mechanism whereby actin filaments slide inward among the myosin filaments.Scorpions: Arthropods of the order Scorpiones, of which 1500 to 2000 species have been described. The most common live in tropical or subtropical areas. They are nocturnal and feed principally on insects and other arthropods. They are large arachnids but do not attack man spontaneously. They have a venomous sting. Their medical significance varies considerably and is dependent on their habits and venom potency rather than on their size. At most, the sting is equivalent to that of a hornet but certain species possess a highly toxic venom potentially fatal to humans. (From Dorland, 27th ed; Smith, Insects and Other Arthropods of Medical Importance, 1973, p417; Barnes, Invertebrate Zoology, 5th ed, p503)QuinazolinesElectric Stimulation: Use of electric potential or currents to elicit biological responses.Rats, Inbred Strains: Genetically identical individuals developed from brother and sister matings which have been carried out for twenty or more generations or by parent x offspring matings carried out with certain restrictions. This also includes animals with a long history of closed colony breeding.Adrenergic beta-Antagonists: Drugs that bind to but do not activate beta-adrenergic receptors thereby blocking the actions of beta-adrenergic agonists. Adrenergic beta-antagonists are used for treatment of hypertension, cardiac arrhythmias, angina pectoris, glaucoma, migraine headaches, and anxiety.Antivenins: Antisera used to counteract poisoning by animal VENOMS, especially SNAKE VENOMS.Desipramine: A tricyclic dibenzazepine compound that potentiates neurotransmission. Desipramine selectively blocks reuptake of norepinephrine from the neural synapse, and also appears to impair serotonin transport. This compound also possesses minor anticholinergic activity, through its affinity to muscarinic receptors.QuinoxalinesDose-Response Relationship, Drug: The relationship between the dose of an administered drug and the response of the organism to the drug.Acetonitriles: Compounds in which a methyl group is attached to the cyano moiety.Muscle, Smooth, Vascular: The nonstriated involuntary muscle tissue of blood vessels.Epinephrine: The active sympathomimetic hormone from the ADRENAL MEDULLA. It stimulates both the alpha- and beta- adrenergic systems, causes systemic VASOCONSTRICTION and gastrointestinal relaxation, stimulates the HEART, and dilates BRONCHI and cerebral vessels. It is used in ASTHMA and CARDIAC FAILURE and to delay absorption of local ANESTHETICS.Adrenergic Agents: Drugs that act on adrenergic receptors or affect the life cycle of adrenergic transmitters. Included here are adrenergic agonists and antagonists and agents that affect the synthesis, storage, uptake, metabolism, or release of adrenergic transmitters.Binding, Competitive: The interaction of two or more substrates or ligands with the same binding site. The displacement of one by the other is used in quantitative and selective affinity measurements.Blood Pressure: PRESSURE of the BLOOD on the ARTERIES and other BLOOD VESSELS.Methyldopa: An alpha-2 adrenergic agonist that has both central and peripheral nervous system effects. Its primary clinical use is as an antihypertensive agent.Dogs: The domestic dog, Canis familiaris, comprising about 400 breeds, of the carnivore family CANIDAE. They are worldwide in distribution and live in association with people. (Walker's Mammals of the World, 5th ed, p1065)Reserpine: An alkaloid found in the roots of Rauwolfia serpentina and R. vomitoria. Reserpine inhibits the uptake of norepinephrine into storage vesicles resulting in depletion of catecholamines and serotonin from central and peripheral axon terminals. It has been used as an antihypertensive and an antipsychotic as well as a research tool, but its adverse effects limit its clinical use.Consummatory Behavior: An act which constitutes the termination of a given instinctive behavior pattern or sequence.Rats, Wistar: A strain of albino rat developed at the Wistar Institute that has spread widely at other institutions. This has markedly diluted the original strain.Mesenteric Arteries: Arteries which arise from the abdominal aorta and distribute to most of the intestines.Dihydroergotamine: A 9,10alpha-dihydro derivative of ERGOTAMINE. It is used as a vasoconstrictor, specifically for the therapy of MIGRAINE DISORDERS.Xylazine: An adrenergic alpha-2 agonist used as a sedative, analgesic and centrally acting muscle relaxant in VETERINARY MEDICINE.PiperazinesHydralazine: A direct-acting vasodilator that is used as an antihypertensive agent.Sympatholytics: Drugs that inhibit the actions of the sympathetic nervous system by any mechanism. The most common of these are the ADRENERGIC ANTAGONISTS and drugs that deplete norepinephrine or reduce the release of transmitters from adrenergic postganglionic terminals (see ADRENERGIC AGENTS). Drugs that act in the central nervous system to reduce sympathetic activity (e.g., centrally acting alpha-2 adrenergic agonists, see ADRENERGIC ALPHA-AGONISTS) are included here.Receptors, Adrenergic, beta: One of two major pharmacologically defined classes of adrenergic receptors. The beta adrenergic receptors play an important role in regulating CARDIAC MUSCLE contraction, SMOOTH MUSCLE relaxation, and GLYCOGENOLYSIS.Dihydroergotoxine: A mixture of three different hydrogenated derivatives of ERGOTAMINE: DIHYDROERGOCORNINE; DIHYDROERGOCRISTINE; and DIHYDROERGOCRYPTINE. Dihydroergotoxine has been proposed to be a neuroprotective agent and a nootropic agent. The mechanism of its therapeutic actions is not clear, but it can act as an alpha-adrenergic antagonist and a dopamine agonist. The methanesulfonate salts of this mixture of alkaloids are called ERGOLOID MESYLATES.Rabbits: The species Oryctolagus cuniculus, in the family Leporidae, order LAGOMORPHA. Rabbits are born in burrows, furless, and with eyes and ears closed. In contrast with HARES, rabbits have 22 chromosome pairs.Adrenergic Uptake Inhibitors: Drugs that block the transport of adrenergic transmitters into axon terminals or into storage vesicles within terminals. The tricyclic antidepressants (ANTIDEPRESSIVE AGENTS, TRICYCLIC) and amphetamines are among the therapeutically important drugs that may act via inhibition of adrenergic transport. Many of these drugs also block transport of serotonin.Rats, Sprague-Dawley: A strain of albino rat used widely for experimental purposes because of its calmness and ease of handling. It was developed by the Sprague-Dawley Animal Company.Azepines: Seven membered heterocyclic rings containing a NITROGEN atom.Nifedipine: A potent vasodilator agent with calcium antagonistic action. It is a useful anti-anginal agent that also lowers blood pressure.
alpha1-adrenergic receptor subtypes in human peripheral blood lymphocytes. (1/1153)
We investigated the expression of alpha1-adrenergic receptor subtypes in intact human peripheral blood lymphocytes using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and radioligand binding assay techniques combined with antibodies against the three subtypes of alpha1-adrenergic receptors (alpha1A, alpha1B, and alpha1D). RT-PCR amplified in peripheral blood lymphocytes a 348-bp alpha1A-adrenergic receptor fragment, a 689-bp alpha1B-adrenergic receptor fragment, and a 540-bp alpha1D-adrenergic receptor fragment. Radioligand binding assay with [3H]prazosin as radioligand revealed a high-affinity binding with a dissociation constant value of 0. 65+/-0.05 nmol/L and a maximum density of binding sites of 175. 3+/-20.5 fmol/10(6) cells. The pharmacological profile of [3H]prazosin binding to human peripheral blood lymphocytes was consistent with the labeling of alpha1-adrenergic receptors. Antibodies against alpha1A-, alpha1B-, and alpha1D-receptor subtypes decreased [3H]prazosin binding to a different extent. This indicates that human peripheral blood lymphocytes express the three alpha1-adrenergic receptor subtypes. Of the three different alpha1-adrenergic receptor subtypes, the alpha1B is the most represented and the alpha1D, the least. Future studies should clarify the functional relevance of alpha1-adrenergic receptors expressed by peripheral blood lymphocytes. The identification of these sites may represent a step for evaluating whether they represent a marker of alpha1-adrenergic receptors in cardiovascular disorders or for assessing responses to drug treatment on these receptors. (+info)Neural modulation of cephalexin intestinal absorption through the di- and tripeptide brush border transporter of rat jejunum in vivo. (2/1153)
Intestinal absorption of beta-lactamine antibiotics (e.g., cefixime and cephalexin) has been shown to proceed through the dipeptide carrier system. In a previous study, nifedipine (NFP), an L-type calcium channel blocker, enhanced the absorption of cefixime in vivo but not in vitro, and it was suggested that neural mechanisms might be involved in the effect of NFP. The aim of the present study was to assess the involvement of the nervous system on the intestinal absorption of cephalexin (CFX). To investigate this, we used a single-pass jejunal perfusion technique in rats. NFP and diltiazem enhanced approximately 2-fold the plasma levels of CFX in treated rats versus untreated controls. NFP also increased approximately 2-fold the CFX level in portal plasma and increased urinary excretion of CFX, thus indicating that CFX did effectively increase CFX intestinal absorption. Perfusing high concentrations of dipeptides in the jejunal lumen competitively reduced CFX absorption and inhibited the enhancement of CFX absorption produced by NFP. Hexamethonium and lidocaine inhibited the effect of NFP, whereas atropine, capsaicin, clonidine, and isoproterenol enhanced CFX absorption by the same order of magnitude as NFP. Thus, complex neural networks can modulate the function of the intestinal di- and tripeptide transporter. Sympathetic noradrenergic fibers, intestinal sensory neurons, and nicotinic synapses are involved in the increase of CFX absorption produced by NFP. (+info)Transcriptional regulation of alpha1-adrenoceptor gene in the rat liver during different phases of sepsis. (3/1153)
Changes in alpha1-adrenoceptor (alpha1AR) gene expression in the rat liver during different phases of sepsis were studied. Sepsis was induced by cecal ligation and puncture (CLP). Septic rats exhibit two metabolically distinct phases: an initial hyperglycemic phase (9 h after CLP, early sepsis) followed by a hypoglycemic phase (18 h after CLP; late sepsis). The [3H]prazosin binding studies show that the density of alpha1AR was increased by 30% during the early phase while it was decreased by 24% during the late phase of sepsis. Western blot analyses reveal that alpha1AR protein level was elevated by 48% during early sepsis but was decreased by 55% during late sepsis. Northern blot analyses depict that the steady-state level of alpha1bAR mRNA was enhanced by 21% during the early phase but was declined by 29% during the late phase of sepsis. Nuclear run-off assays show that the transcription rate of alpha1bAR gene transcript was increased by 76% during early sepsis while it was decreased by 29% during late sepsis. The actinomycin D pulse-chase studies indicate that the half-life of alpha1bAR mRNA remained unaffected during the early and the late phases of sepsis. These findings demonstrate that during the early phase of sepsis, the increase in the rate of transcription of alpha1bAR gene paralleled with the elevations in the alpha1bAR mRNA abundance and alpha1AR protein level, while during the late phase of sepsis, the decrease in the rate of transcription of alpha1bAR gene coincided with the declines in the alpha1bAR mRNA abundance and the alpha1AR protein level in the rat liver. These observations indicate that the altered expression of alpha1AR genes in the rat liver during the progression of sepsis was regulated transcriptionally. (+info)Effects of heptanol on the neurogenic and myogenic contractions of the guinea-pig vas deferens. (4/1153)
1. The effects of the putative gap junction uncoupler, 1-heptanol, on the neurogenic and myogenic contractile responses of guinea-pig vas deferens were studied in vitro. 2. Superfusion of 2.0 mM heptanol for 20-30 min produced the following reversible changes in the biphasic neurogenic contractile response (8 trials): (i) suppression of both phases; (ii) delayed development of both the first as well as the second phase, accompanied by complete temporal separation of the two phases; (iii) prominent oscillations of force during the second (noradrenergic) phase only. 3. To eliminate prejunctional effects of heptanol, myogenic contractions were evoked by field stimulation of the vas in the presence of suramin (200 microM) and prazosin (1 microM). Heptanol (2.0 mM) abolished these contractions reversibly. 4. These results show that (i) heptanol inhibits both excitatory junction potential (EJP)-dependent and non EJP-dependent contractions of the vas; (ii) a postjunctional site of action of heptanol, probably intercellular uncoupling of smooth muscle cells, contributes to the inhibition of contraction. (+info)Spread of vasodilatation and vasoconstriction along feed arteries and arterioles of hamster skeletal muscle. (5/1153)
1. In arterioles of the hamster cheek pouch, vasodilatation and vasoconstriction can spread via the conduction of electrical signals through gap junctions between cells that comprise the vessel wall. However, conduction in resistance networks supplying other tissues has received relatively little attention. In anaesthetized hamsters, we have investigated the spread of dilatation and constriction along feed arteries and arterioles of the retractor muscle, which is contiguous with the cheek pouch. 2. When released from a micropipette, acetylcholine (ACh) triggered vasodilatation that spread rapidly along feed arteries external to the muscle and arterioles within the muscle. Responses were independent of changes in wall shear rate, perivascular nerve activity, or release of nitric oxide, indicating cell-to-cell conduction. 3. Vasodilatation conducted without decrement along unbranched feed arteries, yet decayed markedly in arteriolar networks. Thus, branching of the conduction pathway dissipated the vasodilatation. 4. Noradrenaline (NA) or a depolarizing KCl stimulus evoked constriction of arterioles and feed arteries of the retractor muscle that was constrained to the vicinity of the micropipette. This behaviour contrasts sharply with the conduction of vasodilatation in these microvessels and with the conduction of vasoconstriction elicited by NA and KCl in cheek pouch arterioles. 5. Focal electrical stimulation produced constriction that spread rapidly along feed arteries and arterioles. These responses were inhibited by tetrodotoxin or prazosin, confirming the release of NA along perivascular sympathetic nerves, which are absent from arterioles studied in the cheek pouch. Thus, sympathetic nerve activity co-ordinated the contraction of smooth muscle cells as effectively as the conduction of vasodilatation co-ordinated their relaxation. 6. In the light of previous findings in the cheek pouch, the properties of vasoconstriction and vasodilatation in feed arteries and arterioles of the retractor muscle indicate that substantive differences can exist in the nature of signal transmission along microvessels of tissues that differ in structure and function. (+info)Nitric oxide mediates sympathetic vasoconstriction at supraspinal, spinal, and synaptic levels. (6/1153)
The purposes of this study were to investigate the level of the sympathetic nervous system in which nitric oxide (NO) mediates regional sympathetic vasoconstriction and to determine whether neural mechanisms are involved in vasoconstriction after NO inhibition. Ganglionic blockade (hexamethonium), alpha1-receptor blockade (prazosin), and spinal section at T1 were used to study sympathetic involvement. NO was blocked with Nomega-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME). Regional blood flow in the mesenteric and renal arteries and terminal aorta was monitored by electromagnetic flowmetry in conscious rats. L-NAME (3-5 mg/kg iv) increased arterial pressure and peripheral resistance. Ganglionic blockade (25 mg/kg iv) significantly reduced the increase in resistance in the mesentery and kidney in intact and spinal-sectioned rats. Ganglionic blockade significantly decreased hindquarter resistance in intact rats but not in spinal-sectioned rats. Prazosin (200 micrograms/kg iv) significantly reduced the increased hindquarter resistance. We concluded that NO suppresses sympathetic vasoconstriction in the mesentery and kidney at the spinal level, whereas hindquarter tone is mediated at supraspinal and synaptic levels. (+info)Differential vascular alpha1-adrenoceptor antagonism by tamsulosin and terazosin. (7/1153)
AIMS: In patients with lower urinary tract symptoms suggestive of benign prostatic obstruction the alpha1-adrenoceptor antagonist terazosin lowers blood pressure whereas only very small if any alterations were reported with the alpha1-adrenoceptor antagonist tamsulosin. Therefore, we have compared the vascular alpha1-adrenoceptor antagonism of tamsulosin and terazosin directly. METHODS: Ten healthy subjects were investigated in a randomized, single-blind, three-way cross-over design and received a single dose of 0.4 mg tamsulosin, 5 mg terazosin or placebo on 3 study days at least 1 week apart. Before and 1, 3, 5, 7, 10 and 23.5 h after drug intake, alterations of diastolic blood pressure and other haemodynamic parameters in response to a graded infusion of the alpha1-adrenoceptor agonist phenylephrine were determined non-invasively. RESULTS: At most time points tamsulosin inhibited phenylephrine-induced diastolic blood pressure elevations significantly less than terazosin (5 h time point: median difference in inhibition 35%, 95% CI: 18.7-50.3%). On the other hand, phenylephrine-induced changes of cardiac output, heart rate and stroke volume were similar during both active treatments. CONCLUSIONS: In doses equi-effective for treatment of lower urinary tract symptoms tamsulosin causes less inhibition of vasoconstriction than terazosin. (+info)Characterization of alpha1-adrenoceptor subtypes mediating vasoconstriction in human umbilical vein. (8/1153)
1. The present study attempted to characterize pharmacologically the subtypes of alpha-adrenoceptors mediating contractions in human umbilical vein (HUV). 2. HUV rings were mounted in isolated organ baths and cumulative concentration-response curves were constructed for the alpha-adrenoceptor agonists phenylephrine and adrenaline. Adrenaline was more potent than phenylephrine (pD2=7.29 and 6.04 respectively). 3. Isoproterenol exhibited no agonism on KCl pre-contracted HUV rings. Propranolol (1 microM) and rauwolscine (0.1 microM) did not affect the concentration-response curves to adrenaline. These results demonstrate the lack of involvement of functional beta-or alpha2-adrenoceptors in adrenaline-induced vasoconstriction. 4. The non subtype selective alpha1-adrenoceptor antagonist prazosin was evaluated on phenylephrine and adrenaline concentration-response curves. The effects of the competitive alpha1A and alpha1D-adrenoceptor antagonists, 5-methyl urapidil and BMY 7378 and the irreversible alpha1B selective compound chloroethylclonidine (CEC) were also evaluated on adrenaline concentration-response curves. 5. The potencies of prazosin against responses mediated by adrenaline (pA2= 10.87) and phenylephrine (pA2= 10.70) indicate the involvement of prazosin-sensitive functional alpha1-adrenoceptor subtype in vasoconstriction of the HUV. 6. The potencies of 5-methyl urapidil (pA2 = 6.70) and BMY 7378 (pA2= 7.34) were not consistent with the activation of an alpha1A- or alpha1D-adrenoceptor population. 7. Exposure to a relatively low CEC concentration (3 microM) abolished the maximum response to adrenaline suggesting that this response was mediated by an alpha1B-adrenoceptor subtype. 8. We conclude that HUV express a prazosin-sensitive functional alpha1-adrenoceptor resembling the alpha1B-subtype according with the low pA2 values for both 5-methyl urapidil and BMY 7378 and the high sensitivity to CEC. (+info)MinipressPTSDImpuritiesAntagonistPost-traumatiDrugSideDoctorTake prazosinNightmaresDosageDose of prazosinEffect of prazosinTABLETSActive ingredientOrder generic prazosinCause dizzinessDizzinessStop taking pSide effectsGenericPharmacyTachycardiaCapsuleTaken prazosinClinicalMechanism of actPeripheralCongestive heart fPfizerPostsynapticContains prazosin hydrochlorideDrowsinessPosttraumatic stress dHigh blood prBlockersCapsulesSymptomsAction of prazosinEffects of prazosinPhentolamine and prazosinDiureticsPropranololInteractionsDrugAlpha-1 receptBlood vessels
- MINIPRESS® (prazosin hydrochloride), a quinazoline derivative, is the first of a new chemical class of antihypertensives. (rxlist.com)
- What are the possible side effects of prazosin (Minipress)? (rxlist.com)
- Minipress contains the alpha-blocker medication prazosin and works to lower blood pressure by relaxing and widening blood vessels which allows your blood to flow more easily. (rxconnected.com)
- Gustin A.N., Bishop M.J. (2015) Prazosin and the PTSD Paratrooper. (springer.com)
- Prazosin ( Minipres , Vasofleks , Presin i Hipovas ) je simpatomimetički lek koji se koristi za tretiranje visokog krvnog pritiska i anksioznosti , PTSD , i paničnog poremećaja . (wikipedia.org)
- Price of Prazosin EP Impurity D, CAS: 40172-95-0, N-(2-Furancarbonyl)piperazine SUPPLIER, Prazosin impurity manufacturer, impurities of Prazosin. (synthinkchemicals.com)
- Osim njegove alfa blokatorske aktivnosti, prazosin je antagonist MT 3 receptora (koji nije prisutan kod ljudi). (wikipedia.org)
- Prazosin for the treatment of post traumatic stress disorder sleep disturbances. (springer.com)
- It is generally used for Abbreviated New Drug Application (ANDA) & DMF filing to FDA, toxicity study of respective drug formulation, Quality Control (QC) and analytical studies during commercial production of Prazosin. (synthinkchemicals.com)
- Get medical help if you have any of the following side effects of prazosin. (rxconnected.com)
- Do not stop taking prazosin without speaking to your doctor. (rxconnected.com)
- Take prazosin exactly as directed. (medlineplus.gov)
- Continue to take prazosin even if you feel well. (medlineplus.gov)
- Do not drive a car, operate machinery, or perform dangerous tasks for 24 hours after the first time you take prazosin or after your dose is increased. (medlineplus.gov)
- How should I take prazosin? (cardiosmart.org)
- If you have previously had adverse reactions to this or similar medications, don't take prazosin. (verywellhealth.com)
- If you've had cataract surgery , take prazosin with caution. (verywellhealth.com)
- Do not take prazosin without first talking to your doctor if you are pregnant. (pharmacy-network.com)
- Do not take prazosin without first talking to your doctor if you are breast-feeding a baby. (pharmacy-network.com)
- You may choose to take Prazosin with a meal to avoid an upset stomach or without one. (onlinepharmadeals.com)
- Take Prazosin by mouth with or without food. (northern-pharmacy.com)
- However, prazosin was shown to be more effective when treating nightmares related to PTSD. (wikipedia.org)
- Data from a meta-analysis of six randomized-controlled trials, supports the use of prazosin in reducing trauma nightmares and improving overall PTSD symptoms including hyperarousal, total sleep time, and sleep quality in both veteran combat related and civilian noncombat related chronic PTSD [Singh . (drugs.com)
- Based on the American Psychiatric Association practice guidelines for the treatment of acute stress disorder and posttraumatic stress disorder , prazosin appears effective for the management of trauma-related nightmares and sleep disruption associated with PTSD. (drugs.com)
- Similarly, based on the World Federation of Societies of Biological Psychiatry (WFSBP) guidelines for the treatment of anxiety, obsessive-compulsive and post-traumatic stress disorder , prazosin may reduce nightmares and be an alternative therapy for treatment-resistant cases. (drugs.com)
- Prazosin is commonly used in the treatment of hypertension, nightmares related to post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), benign prostatic hyperplasia, or Raynaud's syndrome. (patientslikeme.com)
- New cognitive and behavioral treatments (CBTs) for nightmares (NM) and pharmacological treatments, such as Prazosin, have been developed to directly reduce PTNMs. (intechopen.com)
- Physicians prescribe prazosin, sold under the brand name of Minipress, to treat nightmares for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). (verywellhealth.com)
- Prazosin, an α1-noradrenergic antagonist with a half-life of roughly 2-3 hours, has shown promise in the treatment of sleep disturbance and nightmares. (readbyqxmd.com)
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- You may need a dosage adjustment or special monitoring during therapy with prazosin. (pharmacy-network.com)
- However it is recommended that the first dosage of Prazosin should be taken before your bed time. (onlinepharmadeals.com)
- Your doctor will probably start you on a low dose of prazosin and gradually increase your dose. (medlineplus.gov)
- A single post-test administration of a lower dose of prazosin, 0.3 mg/kg intraperitoneally, impaired extinction in rats that showed a below-median preference during initial testing, but had no effect on extinction in rats that showed an above-median preference during initial testing. (ovid.com)
- Consistent with other studies of fear and drug conditioning, these results suggest the involvement of the α1-adrenergic receptor in the formation of extinction memories, but also indicate a potentially important differential effect on extinction on the basis of the dose of prazosin and the strength of the initial learning. (ovid.com)
- If you miss a dose of Prazosin, take it as soon as possible. (northern-pharmacy.com)
- the night after taking my first 1mg dose of prazosin was shocking. (loupop.org)
- A very rare side effect of prazosin is priapism. (wikipedia.org)
- Recent animal studies, however, have suggested that the vasodilator effect of prazosin is also related to blockade of postsynaptic alpha-adrenoceptors. (nih.gov)
- The results of dog forelimb experiments demonstrate that the peripheral vasodilator effect of prazosin is confined mainly to the level of the resistance vessels (arterioles). (nih.gov)
- Specific Aim 1: To determine the effect of prazosin compared to placebo on headache frequency, headache severity and duration, use of abortive/analgesic medications, and headache-related disability. (clinicaltrials.gov)
- Specific Aim 2: To determine the effect of prazosin on sleep disturbance, PTSD symptoms, depressive symptoms, alcohol consumption, global cognitive function, health-related quality of life, and global clinical status. (clinicaltrials.gov)
- Effect of Prazosin on the Peripheral Vasculature during Rest. (lww.com)
- Effect of Prazosin on the Peripheral Vasculature during Rest Low, Mild, and Heavy Exercise Workloads. (lww.com)
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- Each capsule for oral administration, contains prazosin hydrochloride, USP equivalent to 1 mg, 2 mg or 5 mg of prazosin. (nih.gov)
- If you need to have eye surgery at any time during or after your treatment, be sure to tell your doctor that you are taking or have taken prazosin. (medlineplus.gov)
- If you are taking or have previously taken prazosin then the eye surgeon needs to be aware of this so he can be extra careful to avoid complications during the operation. (news-medical.net)
- Tell your surgeon if you take or have taken prazosin and plan to have surgery for cataracts (clouding of the eye). (rxwiki.com)
- During cataract surgery, a condition called Intraoperative Floppy Iris Syndrome (IFIS) can happen if you take or have taken prazosin. (rxwiki.com)
- In clinical studies to date, prazosin hydrochloride has not increased plasma renin activity. (nih.gov)
- It is suggested that the alpha receptor blocking action of prazosin is selective for arterioles and this may explain the minor incidence of postural hypotension during clinical use. (aspetjournals.org)
- Method: A systematic search of English and French clinical studies on any CBTs and Prazosin treatments for PTNMs published from 1980 to 2012 was conducted in PsycINFO, MedLine, PILOTS,and ProQuest Dissertations and Theses. (intechopen.com)
- Clinical studies show prazosin might offer other therapeutic benefits to PTSD patients, but the results are mixed. (verywellhealth.com)
- Because of availability of longer-acting, once-daily selective agents, however, the clinical utility of prazosin for BPH has been reduced. (medscape.com)
- Understanding the mechanism of action of prazosin may pave the way for the development of new potential treatments also for other cancers, since other cancer cells as well display altered PKCδ signaling, including those in colorectal, pancreatic and liver cancer. (wikipedia.org)
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- Prazosin causes a decrease in total peripheral resistance and was originally thought to have a direct relaxant action on vascular smooth muscle. (nih.gov)
- Many of the above effects are due to vasodilation of blood vessels caused by prazosin, resulting in decreased peripheral resistance 7 , Label . (drugbank.ca)
- Prazosin hydrochloride appears to be an effective antihypertensive agent which acts by peripheral vasodilatation. (ahajournals.org)
- To test the hypothesis that the hypotensive action of urapidil is in part related to a direct action on the brain, the central (intracerebroventricular) and peripheral (intravenous) effects of urapidil were studied and compared with those obtained with clonidine and prazosin. (ahajournals.org)
- Urapidil and prazosin either did not affect sympathetic nerve activity after central administration or increased it after peripheral administration at low and high doses, respectively. (ahajournals.org)
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- Prazosin is marketed by Pfizer and was initially approved by the FDA in 1988 16 . (drugbank.ca)
- Prazosin inhibits the postsynaptic alpha-1 adrenoceptors. (drugbank.ca)
- These results indicate that in the rat prazosin inhibits vascular postsynaptic α-adrenoceptors and lacks the direct vascular smooth muscle relaxant activity possessed by dihydralazine. (ovid.com)
- Prazosin differed from phentolamine in that it inhibited the pressor responses to endogenous and exogenous norepinephrine similarly and interfered neither with cardiac presynaptic α-adrenoceptors nor with vascular postsynaptic 5-hydroxytryptamine receptors. (ovid.com)
- Prazosin can cause drowsiness. (rxwiki.com)
- Alcohol may cause drowsiness or severely low blood pressure while taking prazosin. (pharmacy-network.com)
- Some people who have posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and have been taking prazosin for their medical conditions or who have taken it in research studies have said they have fewer headaches. (clinicaltrials.gov)
- The impetus for this study comes from a large open-label case series in Iraq and Afghanistan Veterans with mTBI and PTHAs and data from a placebo-controlled trial evaluating use of prazosin for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in active-duty Servicemembers (SMs). (clinicaltrials.gov)
- However, when prazosin is started, heart rate and contractility go up in order to maintain the pre-treatment blood pressures because the body has reached homeostasis at its abnormally high blood pressure. (wikipedia.org)
- Prazosin is used alone or in combination with other medications to treat high blood pressure. (medlineplus.gov)
- Prazosin controls high blood pressure but does not cure it. (medlineplus.gov)
- When use to treat high blood pressure or heart failure, prazosin is often used together with other medicines. (news-medical.net)
- The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has approved prazosin for treating people with high blood pressure. (clinicaltrials.gov)
- Prazosin treats high blood pressure. (rxwiki.com)
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- Prazosin is in a group of drugs called alpha-adrenergic (AL-fa ad-ren-ER-jik) blockers. (cardiosmart.org)
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- The advantage of prazosin over nonselective alpha-adrenergic blockers includes a lower incidence of adverse effects. (medscape.com)
- First generation alpha-1 blockers, like prazosin are not recommended to treat lower urine tract symptoms because of their blood pressure lowering effect. (wikipedia.org)
- This is also the case for Tamsulosin and it may be assumed that the others alpha-1 blockers work in a similar manner, since Tamsulosin is a alpha-1-a blocker and Prazosin is a alpha-1 blocker. (wikipedia.org)
- Prazosin capsules beginning at 1 mg orally at bedtime. (clinicaltrials.gov)
- Findings from these studies showed that in addition to decreasing PTSD-related symptoms and improving sleep quality, prazosin decreased the frequency and severity of headaches, which were common in the study populations. (clinicaltrials.gov)
- PHILADELPHIA-Prazosin, an alpha-blocker commonly used to manage acute lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) among men receiving radiation therapy for prostate cancer (PCa), may decrease the likelihood of recurrent cancer, according to new study findings presented at the International Continence Society's 2018 annual meeting. (renalandurologynews.com)
- Specific NM treatments (Prazosin or CBTs) contribute to PTNM reduction and reduce PTSD and sleep symptoms. (intechopen.com)
- It is important to seek immediate medical help in case Prazosin intake has caused breathing disorders, hives, itching, swelling or other symptoms of allergic reactions. (naturespharmacy.biz)
- Awan NA, Miller RR, Maxwell K, Mason DT (1977) Effects of prazosin on forearm resistance and capacitance vessels. (springer.com)
- Cavero I, Lefevre F, Roach AG (1977) Differential effects of prazosin on the pre- and post-synaptic adrenoceptors in the rat and dog. (springer.com)
- Non-P-glycoprotein-specific effects of prazosin on membrane fluidity and permeability were excluded. (nih.gov)
- The risk of first dose phenomenon may be reduced or eliminated by gradual-dose titration, since the adverse effects of Prazosin are dose-related. (wikipedia.org)
- Effects of sodium nitroprusside, isosorbide dinitrate, isoproterenol, phentolamine and prazosin on hepatic venous responses to sympathetic nerve stimulation in the cat. (aspetjournals.org)
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