Poverty Areas
Socioeconomic Factors
Residence Characteristics
United States
Health Status Disparities
Child Welfare
Social Class
Censuses
Health Services Accessibility
Vulnerable Populations
Public Assistance
Developing Countries
African Americans
Social Welfare
Social Conditions
Social Justice
Neglected Diseases
Health Surveys
Health Status
European Continental Ancestry Group
Financing, Personal
Risk Factors
United Nations
Public Policy
Catastrophic Illness
Small-Area Analysis
Hispanic Americans
Continental Population Groups
Social Environment
California
Partnership Practice, Dental
Health Expenditures
Ethnic Groups
Prevalence
Sociology
Missouri
Cross-Sectional Studies
Medically Uninsured
Noma
Sociology, Medical
Ownership
Logistic Models
Cultural Deprivation
Catholicism
Health Status Indicators
Agriculture
Insurance, Health
Chicago
Human Development
Demography
Geography
India
Health Policy
Social Problems
Conservation of Natural Resources
Interviews as Topic
North Carolina
Kenya
Community Health Planning
Longitudinal Studies
Allostasis
African Continental Ancestry Group
Malnutrition
Healthy People Programs
Paediatric home care in Tower Hamlets: a working partnership with parents. (1/1136)
OBJECTIVES: To describe the first two years of a paediatric home care service. DESIGN: Observational cross sectional study, 1989-91. SETTING: One inner London health district. PATIENTS: 611 children referred to the service; 50 children selected from those referred during the first year, whose parents were interviewed and whose general practitioners were invited to complete a questionnaire. MAIN MEASURES: Description and costs of service; views of parents and general practitioners of selected sample of children. RESULTS: In its second year the team received 303 referrals and made 4004 visits at a salary cost of 98000 pounds, an average of 323 pounds/referral and 24 pounds/visit. This represented a referral rate of 3.2% (258/7939) of inpatient episodes from the main referring hospital between 1 December 1989 and 30 November 1990. Of all referrals to the service, 343(56%) came from hospital inpatient wards. The service was used by disadvantaged and ethnic minority families. The children's parents (in 28(61%) families) and the home care team did a wide range of nursing tasks in the home. Parents of 47(94%) children sampled agreed to be interviewed, and those of 43(91%) found the service useful; guidance and support were most commonly appreciated (33, 70%). Parents of 25(53%) children said that hospital stay or attendance had been reduced or avoided. Parents and general practitioners disagreed on clinical responsibility in 10 children, and communication was a problem for some general practitioners. CONCLUSIONS: The service enabled children to receive advanced nursing care at home. Clinical responsibility should be agreed between parents and professionals at referral. (+info)Tuberculosis in Bombay: new insights from poor urban patients. (2/1136)
This study explores the health seeking behaviour of poor male and female tuberculosis patients in Bombay, and examines their perceptions of the causes and effects of the disease on their personal lives. Sixteen patients who attended an NGO's tuberculosis clinic were interviewed in-depth. Almost equal numbers of respondents stated 'germs' and 'worry' as the cause of tuberculosis. Men worried about loss of wages, financial difficulties, reduced capacity for work, poor job performance, and the consequences of long absence from work. Women were concerned about rejection by husband, harassment by in-laws, and the reduced chances of marriage (for single women), in addition to their concerns about dismissal from work. During the first two months of symptoms most patients either did nothing or took home remedies. When symptoms continued, private practitioners were the first source of allopathic treatment; they were generally unable to correctly diagnose the disease. Respondents shifted to municipal and NGO health services when private treatment became unaffordable. Respondents shifted again to NGO-based services because of the poor quality of municipal tuberculosis control services. The wage-earning capacity of both men and women was affected, but women feared loss of employment whereas men, being self-employed, lost wages but not employment. Married men and single women perceived a greater level of family support to initiate and complete treatment. Married women tried, often unsuccessfully, to hide their disease condition for fear of desertion, rejection or blame for bringing the disease. Women dropped out from treatment because of the pressure of housework, and the strain of keeping their condition secret particularly when the reasons for their movements outside the home were routinely questioned. Health programmes will have to be sensitive to the different needs and concerns of urban men and women with tuberculosis; in the case of women, health care providers will have to make particular efforts to identify and treat married women with tuberculosis completely. (+info)Childhood immunization coverage in zone 3 of Dhaka City: the challenge of reaching impoverished households in urban Bangladesh. (3/1136)
A household survey of 651 children aged 12-23 months in Zone 3 of Dhaka City carried out in 1995 revealed that 51% of them had fully completed the series of childhood immunizations. Immunization coverage in slum households was only half that in non-slum households. Apart from residence in a slum household, other characteristics strongly associated with the completion of the entire series of childhood immunizations included the following: educational level of the mother, number of children in the family household, mother's employment status, distance from the nearest immunization site, and number of home visits from family-planning field workers. The findings point to the need to improve childhood immunization promotion and service delivery among slum populations. Two promising strategies for improving coverage are to reduce the number of missed opportunities for immunization promotion during encounters between health workers and clients, and to identify through visits to households those children who need additional immunizations. In the long run, increasing the educational level of women will provide a strong stimulus for improving childhood immunization coverage in the population. (+info)Geographical and socioeconomic variation in the prevalence of asthma symptoms in English and Scottish children. (4/1136)
BACKGROUND: There has been controversy over the relation between poverty and asthma in the community. The aim of this analysis was to disentangle geographical and socioeconomic variation in asthma symptoms. METHODS: The analysis is based on parental reports of symptoms from data collected in 1990 and 1991. Children aged 5-11 years from three populations (English representative sample, Scottish representative sample, and an English inner city sample) were included. Of 17 677 eligible children, between 14 490 (82.0%) and 15 562 (88.0%) children were available for analysis according to symptom group. RESULTS: Wheezy symptoms were less prevalent in the Scottish sample than in the English samples and asthma attacks were most prevalent in the English representative sample. Asthma attacks were less prevalent in inner city areas than in the English representative sample (OR 0.79, 95% CI 0.66 to 0.95), but persistent wheeze and other respiratory symptoms were more prevalent (OR 1.95, 95% CI 1.65 to 2.32 and OR 1.67, 95% CI 1.52 to 1.84, respectively). The prevalence of persistent wheeze was higher in children whose father's social class was low and in those living in areas with a high Townsend score (an index of poverty) than in other children (p<0.001). Of the 14 areas with the highest Townsend score, 13 had an OR above 1 and six had an OR significantly higher than the reference area. CONCLUSIONS: Persistent wheeze is more prevalent in poor areas than in less deprived areas. This may indicate that poverty is associated with severe asthma or that a high percentage of persistent asthma symptoms in inner city areas are unrecognised and untreated. (+info)Longitudinal study of Cryptosporidium infection in children in northeastern Brazil. (5/1136)
A prospective, 4-year cohort study of children born in an urban slum in northeastern Brazil was undertaken to elucidate the epidemiology of Cryptosporidium infection in an endemic setting, describe factors associated with Cryptosporidium-associated persistent diarrhea, and clarify the importance of copathogens in symptomatic cryptosporidiosis. A total of 1476 episodes of diarrhea, accounting for 7581 days of illness (5.25 episodes/child-year), were recorded: of these, 102 episodes (6.9%) were persistent. Cryptosporidium oocysts were identified in 7.4% of all stools, and they were found more frequently in children with persistent diarrhea (16.5%) than in those with acute (8.4%) or no (4.0%) diarrhea (P<.001). Low-birth-weight children and those living in densely crowded subdivisions were at greater risk for symptomatic infection. Disease course was highly variable and was not associated with the presence of copathogens. Recurrent Cryptosporidium infection and relapsing diarrhea associated with it were moderately common. In light of these data, the applicability of the current World Health Organization diarrheal definitions to Cryptosporidium-associated diarrheal episodes may need to be reconsidered. (+info)Poverty, time, and place: variation in excess mortality across selected US populations, 1980-1990. (6/1136)
STUDY OBJECTIVE: To describe variation in levels and causes of excess mortality and temporal mortality change among young and middle aged adults in a regionally diverse set of poor local populations in the USA. DESIGN: Using standard demographic techniques, death certificate and census data were analysed to make sex specific population level estimates of 1980 and 1990 death rates for residents of selected areas of concentrated poverty. For comparison, data for whites and blacks nationwide were analysed. SETTING: African American communities in Harlem, Central City Detroit, Chicago's south side, the Louisiana Delta, the Black Belt region of Alabama, and Eastern North Carolina. Non-Hispanic white communities in Cleveland, Detroit, Appalachian Kentucky, South Central Louisiana, Northeastern Alabama, and Western North Carolina. PARTICIPANTS: All black residents or all white residents of each specific community and in the nation, 1979-1981 and 1989-1991. MAIN RESULTS: Substantial variability exists in levels, trends, and causes of excess mortality in poor populations across localities. African American residents of urban/northern communities suffer extremely high and growing rates of excess mortality. Rural residents exhibit an important mortality advantage that widens over the decade. Homicide deaths contribute little to the rise in excess mortality, nor do AIDS deaths contribute outside of specific localities. Deaths attributable to circulatory disease are the leading cause of excess mortality in most locations. CONCLUSIONS: Important differences exist among persistently impoverished populations in the degree to which their poverty translates into excess mortality. Social epidemiological inquiry and health promotion initiatives should be attentive to local conditions. The severely disadvantageous mortality profiles experienced by urban African Americans relative to the rural poor and to national averages call for understanding. (+info)Inequalities in low birth weight: parental social class, area deprivation, and "lone mother" status. (7/1136)
OBJECTIVE: To describe the extent of socioeconomic inequalities in low birth weight. To assess the relative benefits of measuring socioeconomic status by individual occupation, socioeconomic deprivation status of area of residence, or both, for describing inequalities and targeting resources. DESIGN: Analysis of birth registrations by registration status: joint compared with sole registrants ("lone mothers"), routinely recorded parental occupation (father's for joint registrants), and census derived enumeration district (ED) deprivation. SETTING: England and Wales, 1986-92. SUBJECTS: 471,411 births with coded parental occupation (random 10% sample) and birth weight. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Proportion of low birth weight (< 2500 g) RESULTS: 34% of births to joint registrants in social classes IV and V, and 45% of births to sole registrants, were in the quintile of most deprived EDs. It was found that 6.8% of births were of low birth weight. Sole registrants were at higher risk (9.3% overall) than joint registrants, across all deprivation quintiles. For joint registrants, the socioeconomic risk gradient was similar by social class or area deprivation, but a greater gradient from 4.7% to 8.7% was found with combined classification. CONCLUSIONS: Up to 30% of low birth weight can be seen as being associated with levels of socioeconomic deprivation below that of the most affluent group, as measured in this study. Caution is needed when targeting interventions to high risk groups when using single indicators. For example, the majority of births to lone mothers and to joint registrants in social classes IV and V would be missed by targeting the most deprived quintile. There is a high degree of inequality in low birth weight according to social class, area deprivation and lone mother status. When using routinely recorded birth and census data, all three factors are important to show the true extent of inequalities. (+info)Prevalence and immune response to Entamoeba histolytica infection in preschool children in Bangladesh. (8/1136)
Entamoeba histolytica infection was present in 5% and E. dispar in 13% of asymptomatic 2-5-year-old children from an urban slum of Dhaka, Bangladesh. Entamoeba dispar-infected children were no more likely than uninfected children to have serum antibodies to lectin. In contrast, all children infected with E. histolytica had serum antibodies to lectin. This anti-lectin response included antibodies against the carbohydrate recognition domain, which have been demonstrated in animal models to confer passive protection from amebiasis. Antibodies to lectin persisted in the sera of 17 children with E. histolytica infection over one year of follow-up, during which time E. histolytica infection cleared without treatment in 15, and with anti-amebic medication in two. We conclude that half of the children in this population have serologic evidence of amebiasis by five years of age, and that an anti-lectin serum antibody response is associated with limitation of E. histolytica infection to the colon. (+info)I'm sorry for any confusion, but "Poverty Areas" is not a standard medical term or classification. However, in a broader social determinants of health context, poverty is recognized as a significant factor that can impact an individual's health outcomes and access to healthcare.
The World Health Organization (WHO) defines poverty as "pronounced deprivation in well-being," which includes but is not limited to lack of income and economic opportunities. The WHO also acknowledges that poverty is a major cause of ill-health and premature death around the world.
If you are referring to a specific term or concept that goes by a different name, please provide more context so I can give a more accurate response.
Socioeconomic factors are a range of interconnected conditions and influences that affect the opportunities and resources a person or group has to maintain and improve their health and well-being. These factors include:
1. Economic stability: This includes employment status, job security, income level, and poverty status. Lower income and lack of employment are associated with poorer health outcomes.
2. Education: Higher levels of education are generally associated with better health outcomes. Education can affect a person's ability to access and understand health information, as well as their ability to navigate the healthcare system.
3. Social and community context: This includes factors such as social support networks, discrimination, and community safety. Strong social supports and positive community connections are associated with better health outcomes, while discrimination and lack of safety can negatively impact health.
4. Healthcare access and quality: Access to affordable, high-quality healthcare is an important socioeconomic factor that can significantly impact a person's health. Factors such as insurance status, availability of providers, and cultural competency of healthcare systems can all affect healthcare access and quality.
5. Neighborhood and built environment: The physical conditions in which people live, work, and play can also impact their health. Factors such as housing quality, transportation options, availability of healthy foods, and exposure to environmental hazards can all influence health outcomes.
Socioeconomic factors are often interrelated and can have a cumulative effect on health outcomes. For example, someone who lives in a low-income neighborhood with limited access to healthy foods and safe parks may also face challenges related to employment, education, and healthcare access that further impact their health. Addressing socioeconomic factors is an important part of promoting health equity and reducing health disparities.
I'm sorry for any confusion, but "income" is not a medical term. Income is an economic term that refers to the inflow of monetary resources or earnings that an individual or household receives from various sources, such as employment, investments, or government benefits. It is typically used in financial and economic contexts rather than medical ones. If you have any questions related to medical terminology or concepts, I would be happy to help with those!
I'm happy to help, but I need to clarify that "residence characteristics" is not a commonly used medical term. It is more related to the field of public health or epidemiology. However, if you are asking for the characteristics of a residence that could be relevant to medical or health research, they might include:
1. Housing type (single-family home, apartment, mobile home, etc.)
2. Age and condition of the housing unit
3. Presence of environmental hazards (lead paint, asbestos, radon, etc.)
4. Quality of heating, ventilation, and air conditioning systems
5. Access to clean water and sanitation facilities
6. Safety features (smoke detectors, carbon monoxide detectors, etc.)
7. Presence of pests (rodents, cockroaches, bed bugs, etc.)
8. Neighborhood characteristics (crime rates, access to healthy food options, walkability, etc.)
These factors can all have an impact on the health outcomes of individuals and communities, and are often studied in public health research.
I'm sorry for any confusion, but "United States" is a geopolitical entity, specifically the name of the country consisting of 50 states, and it is not a medical term or concept. Therefore, I can't provide a medical definition for it. If you have any questions related to health, medicine, or biology, I would be happy to try to help answer those!
"Family characteristics" is a broad term that can refer to various attributes, dynamics, and structures of a family unit. These characteristics can include:
1. Family structure: This refers to the composition of the family, such as whether it is a nuclear family (two parents and their children), single-parent family, extended family, blended family, or same-sex parent family.
2. Family roles: The responsibilities and expectations assigned to each family member, such as caregiver, provider, or decision-maker.
3. Communication patterns: How family members communicate with one another, including frequency, tone, and level of openness.
4. Problem-solving styles: How the family approaches and resolves conflicts and challenges.
5. Cultural and religious practices: The values, traditions, and beliefs that shape the family's identity and worldview.
6. Family functioning: The overall health and effectiveness of the family system, including its ability to adapt to change and support individual members' needs.
7. Attachment styles: The quality and nature of the emotional bonds between family members, which can impact attachment security and relationships throughout life.
8. Parenting style: The approach that parents take in raising their children, such as authoritative, authoritarian, permissive, or uninvolved.
9. Family history: Past experiences and events that have shaped the family's development and dynamics.
10. Genetic factors: Inherited traits and predispositions that can influence family members' health, behavior, and personality.
Understanding family characteristics is essential in fields such as medicine, psychology, social work, and counseling, as these factors can significantly impact individual and family well-being.
Health status disparities refer to differences in the health outcomes that are observed between different populations. These populations can be defined by various sociodemographic factors such as race, ethnicity, sex, gender identity, sexual orientation, age, disability, income, education level, and geographic location. Health status disparities can manifest as differences in rates of illness, disease prevalence or incidence, morbidity, mortality, access to healthcare services, and quality of care received. These disparities are often the result of systemic inequities and social determinants of health that negatively impact certain populations, leading to worse health outcomes compared to other groups. It is important to note that health status disparities are preventable and can be addressed through targeted public health interventions and policies aimed at reducing health inequities.
Child welfare is a broad term that refers to the overall well-being and protection of children. It encompasses a range of services and interventions aimed at promoting the physical, emotional, social, and educational development of children, while also protecting them from harm, abuse, and neglect. The medical definition of child welfare may include:
1. Preventive Services: Programs and interventions designed to strengthen families and prevent child maltreatment, such as home visiting programs, parent education classes, and family support services.
2. Protective Services: Interventions that aim to protect children from harm, abuse, or neglect, including investigations of reports of maltreatment, removal of children from dangerous situations, and provision of alternative care arrangements.
3. Family Reunification Services: Efforts to reunite children with their families when it is safe and in the best interest of the child, such as family therapy, parent-child visitation, and case management services.
4. Permanency Planning: The development of long-term plans for children who cannot safely return to their families, including adoption, guardianship, or other permanent living arrangements.
5. Foster Care Services: Provision of temporary care for children who cannot safely remain in their own homes, including placement with foster families, group homes, or residential treatment facilities.
6. Child Health and Development Services: Programs that promote the physical, emotional, and developmental well-being of children, such as health screenings, immunizations, mental health services, and early intervention programs for children with special needs.
7. Advocacy and Policy Development: Efforts to promote policies and practices that support the well-being and protection of children, including advocating for laws and regulations that protect children's rights and ensure their safety and well-being.
I'm sorry for any confusion, but "social class" is not a term that has a medical definition. It is a sociological concept that refers to the grouping of individuals in a society based on their shared economic and social positions. This can include factors such as income, education, occupation, and wealth.
However, social class can have an impact on health outcomes and access to healthcare. For example, people in lower socioeconomic groups are more likely to experience chronic diseases, mental health disorders, and have limited access to quality healthcare services compared to those in higher socioeconomic groups. This relationship is often referred to as the "social determinants of health."
A census is a official count or survey of a population, typically conducted by a governmental authority to gather information about the demographics, economic characteristics, and other important data about the people living within its borders. In the medical context, censuses may refer to counts or surveys of specific populations, such as patients in a hospital or residents of a particular geographic area, to gather health-related data. This information can be used to inform public health policy, allocate resources, and plan for future healthcare needs.
Health services accessibility refers to the degree to which individuals and populations are able to obtain needed health services in a timely manner. It includes factors such as physical access (e.g., distance, transportation), affordability (e.g., cost of services, insurance coverage), availability (e.g., supply of providers, hours of operation), and acceptability (e.g., cultural competence, language concordance).
According to the World Health Organization (WHO), accessibility is one of the key components of health system performance, along with responsiveness and fair financing. Improving accessibility to health services is essential for achieving universal health coverage and ensuring that everyone has access to quality healthcare without facing financial hardship. Factors that affect health services accessibility can vary widely between and within countries, and addressing these disparities requires a multifaceted approach that includes policy interventions, infrastructure development, and community engagement.
I'm sorry for any confusion, but "Urban Population" is not a medical term. It is a demographic term used to describe the portion of a country's population that lives in areas classified as urban. The United Nations defines an urban area as a city, town, or other agglomeration with a population of 20,000 or more. However, the specific definition can vary by country and organization.
In contrast, medical terms typically refer to conditions, diseases, symptoms, treatments, or healthcare-related concepts. If you have any questions related to health or medicine, I'd be happy to help if I can!
'Vulnerable populations' is a term used in public health and medicine to refer to groups of individuals who are at a higher risk of negative health outcomes or have limited access to healthcare services. These populations can be defined by various sociodemographic, economic, and environmental factors, including:
1. Age: Older adults and children, especially those with chronic medical conditions, are often considered vulnerable populations due to their increased susceptibility to illness and reduced ability to access care.
2. Race/Ethnicity: Racial and ethnic minorities may face barriers to healthcare access, discrimination, and systemic inequities that contribute to poorer health outcomes.
3. Socioeconomic status: Individuals with low income, limited education, or unstable housing are more likely to experience health disparities due to reduced access to quality healthcare, nutritious food, and safe living environments.
4. Disability status: People with disabilities may face physical, communication, or attitudinal barriers that limit their ability to access healthcare services and contribute to poorer health outcomes.
5. Sexual orientation and gender identity: Lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer (LGBTQ+) individuals often experience discrimination and stigma in healthcare settings, which can negatively impact their health and access to care.
6. Immigration status: Undocumented immigrants and refugees may face legal barriers to healthcare access, language barriers, and fear of deportation that contribute to poorer health outcomes.
7. Geographic location: Rural areas and urban "food deserts" often lack adequate healthcare resources and access, leading to health disparities for residents in these regions.
8. Incarceration status: Individuals involved in the criminal justice system may experience limited access to healthcare services and face unique health challenges related to their incarceration.
9. Mental health status: People with mental illness or substance use disorders are often considered vulnerable populations due to stigma, discrimination, and reduced access to quality care.
It is important to note that these factors can intersect and compound the vulnerabilities faced by individuals within these groups. Addressing the needs of vulnerable populations requires a comprehensive approach that addresses social determinants of health, systemic inequities, and barriers to healthcare access.
"Public assistance" is a term used in the field of social welfare and public health to refer to government programs that provide financial aid, food, housing, or other necessary resources to individuals and families who are experiencing economic hardship or have limited means to meet their basic needs. These programs are funded by taxpayers' dollars and are administered at the federal, state, or local level. Examples of public assistance programs include Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF), Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP), Medicaid, and Section 8 housing vouchers. The goal of public assistance is to help individuals and families achieve self-sufficiency and improve their overall well-being.
I'm sorry for any confusion, but "Food Supply" is not a term that has a specific medical definition. It is a more general term related to the availability and distribution of food. However, in a broader public health context, "food supply" can refer to the overall system and infrastructure that provides food to a population, including agricultural practices, food processing, distribution, and accessibility. Ensuring a safe and adequate food supply is an important aspect of public health and preventive medicine.
The term "developing countries" is a socio-economic classification used to describe nations that are in the process of industrialization and modernization. This term is often used interchangeably with "low and middle-income countries" or "Global South." The World Bank defines developing countries as those with a gross national income (GNI) per capita of less than US $12,695.
In the context of healthcare, developing countries face unique challenges including limited access to quality medical care, lack of resources and infrastructure, high burden of infectious diseases, and a shortage of trained healthcare professionals. These factors contribute to significant disparities in health outcomes between developing and developed nations.
A rural population refers to people who live in areas that are outside of urban areas, typically defined as having fewer than 2,000 residents and lacking certain infrastructure and services such as running water, sewage systems, and paved roads. Rural populations often have less access to healthcare services, education, and economic opportunities compared to their urban counterparts. This population group can face unique health challenges, including higher rates of poverty, limited access to specialized medical care, and a greater exposure to environmental hazards such as agricultural chemicals and industrial pollutants.
African Americans are defined as individuals who have ancestry from any of the black racial groups of Africa. This term is often used to describe people living in the United States who have total or partial descent from enslaved African peoples. The term does not refer to a single ethnicity but is a broad term that includes various ethnic groups with diverse cultures, languages, and traditions. It's important to note that some individuals may prefer to identify as Black or of African descent rather than African American, depending on their personal identity and background.
"Social welfare" is a broad concept and not a medical term per se, but it is often discussed in the context of public health and medical social work. Here's a definition related to those fields:
Social welfare refers to the programs, services, and benefits provided by governmental and non-governmental organizations to promote the well-being of individuals, families, and communities, with a particular focus on meeting basic needs, protecting vulnerable populations, and enhancing social and economic opportunities. These efforts aim to improve overall quality of life, reduce health disparities, and strengthen the social determinants of health.
Examples of social welfare programs include Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF), Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP), Medicaid, Section 8 housing assistance, and various community-based services such as mental health counseling, substance abuse treatment, and home healthcare.
In the medical field, social workers often play a crucial role in connecting patients to available social welfare resources to address various psychosocial needs that can impact their health outcomes.
Medical professionals may use the term "social conditions" to refer to various environmental and sociological factors that can impact an individual's health and well-being. These conditions can include things like:
* Socioeconomic status (SES): This refers to a person's position in society, which is often determined by their income, education level, and occupation. People with lower SES are more likely to experience poor health outcomes due to factors such as limited access to healthcare, nutritious food, and safe housing.
* Social determinants of health (SDOH): These are the conditions in which people live, learn, work, and play that affect a wide range of health risks and outcomes. Examples include poverty, discrimination, housing instability, education level, and access to healthy foods and physical activity opportunities.
* Social support: This refers to the emotional, informational, and instrumental assistance that individuals receive from their social networks, including family, friends, neighbors, and community members. Strong social support is associated with better health outcomes, while lack of social support can contribute to poor health.
* Social isolation: This occurs when people are disconnected from others and have limited social contacts or interactions. Social isolation can lead to negative health outcomes such as depression, cognitive decline, and increased risk for chronic diseases.
* Community context: The physical and social characteristics of the communities in which people live can also impact their health. Factors such as access to green spaces, transportation options, and safe housing can all contribute to better health outcomes.
Overall, social conditions can have a significant impact on an individual's health and well-being, and addressing these factors is essential for promoting health equity and improving overall public health.
I'm happy to help! However, it's important to note that while "social justice" is a term used in many fields, including public health and medicine, it does not have a single, universally accepted medical definition. Instead, the concept of social justice in healthcare is generally understood as the pursuit of fairness, equity, and equality in the distribution of healthcare resources, opportunities, and outcomes.
The World Health Organization (WHO) defines social justice as "the fair and equitable distribution of social determinants of health, which are conditions in which people are born, grow, live, work, and age, including the health system." According to this definition, social justice in healthcare requires addressing the root causes of health disparities, such as poverty, discrimination, and lack of access to education and employment opportunities.
The American Public Health Association (APHA) defines social justice as "the distribution of resources, benefits, and burdens of society to all individuals and groups. When principles of social justice are applied, the resulting distribution is equitable and all members of society have a fair opportunity to benefit from the resources, benefits, and burdens."
In summary, while there may not be a single medical definition of social justice, it is generally understood as the pursuit of fairness, equity, and equality in healthcare and health outcomes. This involves addressing the root causes of health disparities and ensuring that all individuals have access to the resources and opportunities they need to achieve optimal health.
Economics is a social science that studies how individuals, businesses, governments, and societies make choices on allocating resources to satisfy their unlimited wants. It primarily focuses on the production, distribution, and consumption of goods and services.
In healthcare, economics is often referred to as "health economics," which applies economic theory and methods to analyze health care markets, evaluate alternative health policies, and optimize resource allocation in the healthcare sector. Health economists study issues such as the cost-effectiveness of medical treatments, the impact of health insurance on access to care, and the efficiency of different healthcare delivery systems.
Understanding economics is crucial for making informed decisions about healthcare policy, resource allocation, and patient care. By analyzing data and applying economic principles, healthcare professionals can help ensure that resources are used efficiently and effectively to improve health outcomes and reduce costs.
Urban health is a branch of public health that focuses on the unique health challenges and disparities faced by urban populations. It encompasses the physical, mental, and social well-being of people living in urban areas, which are characterized by high population density, diverse cultural and socioeconomic backgrounds, and unique environmental exposures.
Urban health addresses a range of issues, including infectious diseases, chronic conditions, injuries, violence, and mental health disorders, as well as the social determinants of health such as housing, education, income, and access to healthcare services. It also considers the impact of urbanization on health, including the effects of pollution, noise, crowding, and lack of green spaces.
The goal of urban health is to promote health equity and improve the overall health outcomes of urban populations by addressing these challenges through evidence-based interventions, policies, and programs that are tailored to the unique needs of urban communities.
Neglected Tropical Diseases (NTDs) are a group of infectious diseases that primarily affect people living in poverty, in tropical and subtropical areas. These diseases are called "neglected" because they have been largely ignored by medical research and drug development, as well as by global health agencies and pharmaceutical companies.
The World Health Organization (WHO) has identified 20 diseases as NTDs, including:
1. Buruli ulcer
2. Chagas disease
3. Dengue and chikungunya
4. Dracunculiasis (guinea-worm disease)
5. Echinococcosis
6. Endemic treponematoses
7. Foodborne trematodiases
8. Human African trypanosomiasis (sleeping sickness)
9. Leishmaniasis
10. Leprosy (Hansen's disease)
11. Lymphatic filariasis
12. Onchocerciasis (river blindness)
13. Rabies
14. Schistosomiasis
15. Soil-transmitted helminthiases
16. Snakebite envenoming
17. Taeniasis/Cysticercosis
18. Trachoma
19. Mycetoma, chromoblastomycosis and other deep mycoses
20. Yaws (Endemic treponematoses)
These diseases can lead to severe disfigurement, disability, and even death if left untreated. They affect more than 1 billion people worldwide, mainly in low-income countries in Africa, Asia, and the Americas. NTDs also have significant social and economic impacts, contributing to poverty, stigma, discrimination, and exclusion.
Efforts are underway to raise awareness and increase funding for research, prevention, and treatment of NTDs. The WHO has set targets for controlling or eliminating several NTDs by 2030, including dracunculiasis, lymphatic filariasis, onchocerciasis, trachoma, and human African trypanosomiasis.
Health surveys are research studies that collect data from a sample population to describe the current health status, health behaviors, and healthcare utilization of a particular group or community. These surveys may include questions about various aspects of health such as physical health, mental health, chronic conditions, lifestyle habits, access to healthcare services, and demographic information. The data collected from health surveys can be used to monitor trends in health over time, identify disparities in health outcomes, develop and evaluate public health programs and policies, and inform resource allocation decisions. Examples of national health surveys include the National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) and the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS).
Health status is a term used to describe the overall condition of an individual's health, including physical, mental, and social well-being. It is often assessed through various measures such as medical history, physical examination, laboratory tests, and self-reported health assessments. Health status can be used to identify health disparities, track changes in population health over time, and evaluate the effectiveness of healthcare interventions.
Healthcare disparities refer to differences in the quality, accessibility, and outcomes of healthcare that are systematically related to social or economic disadvantage. These disparities may exist between different racial, ethnic, socioeconomic, gender, sexual orientation, geographic, or disability status groups. They can result from a complex interplay of factors including provider bias, patient-provider communication, health system policies, and structural racism, among others. Healthcare disparities often lead to worse health outcomes and reduced quality of life for disadvantaged populations.
The term "European Continental Ancestry Group" is a medical/ethnic classification that refers to individuals who trace their genetic ancestry to the continent of Europe. This group includes people from various ethnic backgrounds and nationalities, such as Northern, Southern, Eastern, and Western European descent. It is often used in research and medical settings for population studies or to identify genetic patterns and predispositions to certain diseases that may be more common in specific ancestral groups. However, it's important to note that this classification can oversimplify the complex genetic diversity within and between populations, and should be used with caution.
Personal Financing is not a term that has a specific medical definition. However, in general terms, it refers to the management of an individual's financial resources, such as income, assets, liabilities, and debts, to meet their personal needs and goals. This can include budgeting, saving, investing, planning for retirement, and managing debt.
In the context of healthcare, personal financing may refer to the ability of individuals to pay for their own medical care expenses, including health insurance premiums, deductibles, co-pays, and out-of-pocket costs. This can be a significant concern for many people, particularly those with chronic medical conditions or disabilities who may face ongoing healthcare expenses.
Personal financing for healthcare may involve various strategies, such as setting aside savings, using health savings accounts (HSAs) or flexible spending accounts (FSAs), purchasing health insurance policies with lower premiums but higher out-of-pocket costs, or negotiating payment plans with healthcare providers. Ultimately, personal financing for healthcare involves making informed decisions about how to allocate financial resources to meet both immediate and long-term medical needs while also balancing other financial goals and responsibilities.
Medical Definition:
"Risk factors" are any attribute, characteristic or exposure of an individual that increases the likelihood of developing a disease or injury. They can be divided into modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors. Modifiable risk factors are those that can be changed through lifestyle choices or medical treatment, while non-modifiable risk factors are inherent traits such as age, gender, or genetic predisposition. Examples of modifiable risk factors include smoking, alcohol consumption, physical inactivity, and unhealthy diet, while non-modifiable risk factors include age, sex, and family history. It is important to note that having a risk factor does not guarantee that a person will develop the disease, but rather indicates an increased susceptibility.
Educational status refers to the level or stage of education that a person has reached. It can be used to describe an individual's educational background, achievements, and qualifications. Educational status can be categorized in various ways, including by level (e.g., elementary school, high school, college, graduate school), years of schooling completed, or type of degree earned (e.g., bachelor's, master's, doctoral).
In medical settings, educational status may be used as a demographic variable to describe the characteristics of a patient population or to identify potential disparities in health outcomes based on education level. Research has shown that higher levels of education are often associated with better health outcomes, including lower rates of chronic diseases and improved mental health. Therefore, understanding a patient's educational status can help healthcare providers tailor their care and education strategies to meet the unique needs and challenges of each individual.
I'm sorry for any confusion, but the term "United Nations" is a political and international organization, not a medical concept or term. The United Nations (UN) is an intergovernmental organization that was established on October 24, 1945, to promote international cooperation and prevent conflicts. It is headquartered in New York City, and its member states work together to address various global issues, such as peace and security, climate change, human rights, and sustainable development.
If you have any questions related to medical terminology or health-related topics, I would be happy to help!
"Public policy" is not a medical term, but rather a term used in the field of politics, government, and public administration. It refers to a course or principle of action adopted or proposed by a government, party, business, or organization to guide decisions and achieve specific goals related to public health, safety, or welfare.
However, in the context of healthcare and medicine, "public policy" often refers to laws, regulations, guidelines, and initiatives established by government entities to promote and protect the health and well-being of the population. Public policies in healthcare aim to ensure access to quality care, reduce health disparities, promote public health, regulate healthcare practices and industries, and address broader social determinants of health. Examples include Medicaid and Medicare programs, laws mandating insurance coverage for certain medical procedures or treatments, and regulations governing the safety and efficacy of drugs and medical devices.
A catastrophic illness is a severe and acute or chronic illness or condition that requires complex or long-term care, often involving extensive medical resources and significant financial costs. These illnesses often cause major disruptions to the lives of patients and their families, both in terms of their daily activities and their emotional well-being.
Examples of catastrophic illnesses include advanced stages of cancer, end-stage renal disease, stroke, heart failure, and certain neurological disorders such as multiple sclerosis or amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). These conditions often require ongoing medical treatment, hospitalization, surgery, and/or the use of specialized medical equipment, which can result in substantial financial burdens for patients and their families.
In some cases, insurance policies may provide coverage for catastrophic illnesses, but the specific benefits and limitations of such coverage can vary widely depending on the policy and the insurer. Some government programs, such as Medicaid and Medicare, may also offer financial assistance for patients with catastrophic illnesses, although eligibility criteria and benefit levels may also vary.
Small-area analysis is a research method used in epidemiology and public health to examine health outcomes, healthcare utilization, and other health-related factors across small geographic areas or populations. This approach allows for the identification of spatial patterns, disparities, and clustering of health issues within communities, which can inform the development and targeting of interventions, policies, and resources to improve health outcomes and reduce inequalities.
Small-area analysis often involves the use of statistical techniques, such as spatial statistics and geographic information systems (GIS), to analyze data at a fine spatial resolution, typically at the level of census tracts, zip codes, or other small administrative units. This method can help identify areas with high rates of disease or poor health outcomes, as well as social determinants of health that may contribute to these disparities, such as poverty, lack of access to healthcare, and environmental exposures.
Overall, small-area analysis is a valuable tool for understanding the geographic distribution of health issues and developing targeted interventions to improve population health.
Hispanic Americans, also known as Latino Americans, are individuals in the United States who are of Spanish-speaking origin or whose ancestors came from Spain, Mexico, Cuba, the Caribbean, Central and South America. This group includes various cultures, races, and nationalities. It is important to note that "Hispanic" refers to a cultural and linguistic affiliation rather than a racial category. Therefore, Hispanic Americans can be of any race, including White, Black, Asian, Native American, or mixed races.
I'm not aware of a specific medical definition for "Continental Population Groups." However, in the context of genetics and population health, continental population groups often refer to the major population divisions based on genetic ancestry and geographical origin. These groups typically include:
1. African: Individuals with recent ancestry primarily from Africa, particularly sub-Saharan Africa.
2. European: Individuals with recent ancestry primarily from Europe.
3. Asian: Individuals with recent ancestry primarily from Asia, including East Asia, South Asia, and Central Asia.
4. Native American: Individuals with recent ancestry primarily from the indigenous populations of North, Central, and South America.
5. Oceanian: Individuals with recent ancestry primarily from Australia, New Guinea, and neighboring islands in the Pacific region.
It is important to note that these categories are not exhaustive or mutually exclusive, as human migration and admixture have led to a complex web of genetic ancestries. Furthermore, using continental population labels can oversimplify the rich diversity within each group and may perpetuate harmful stereotypes or misunderstandings about racial and ethnic identities.
A "social environment" is not a term that has a specific medical definition, but it is often used in the context of public health and social sciences to refer to the physical and social conditions, relationships, and organized institutions that influence the health and well-being of individuals and communities.
The social environment includes factors such as:
* Social support networks (family, friends, community)
* Cultural norms and values
* Socioeconomic status (income, education, occupation)
* Housing and neighborhood conditions
* Access to resources (food, healthcare, transportation)
* Exposure to discrimination, violence, and other stressors
These factors can have a significant impact on health outcomes, as they can influence behaviors related to health (such as diet, exercise, and substance use), as well as exposure to disease and access to healthcare. Understanding the social environment is essential for developing effective public health interventions and policies that promote health equity and reduce health disparities.
"California" is a geographical location and does not have a medical definition. It is a state located on the west coast of the United States, known for its diverse landscape including mountains, beaches, and forests. However, in some contexts, "California" may refer to certain medical conditions or situations that are associated with the state, such as:
* California encephalitis: a viral infection transmitted by mosquitoes that is common in California and other western states.
* California king snake: a non-venomous snake species found in California and other parts of the southwestern United States, which can bite and cause allergic reactions in some people.
* California roll: a type of sushi roll that originated in California and is made with avocado, cucumber, and crab meat, which may pose an allergy risk for some individuals.
It's important to note that these uses of "California" are not medical definitions per se, but rather descriptive terms that refer to specific conditions or situations associated with the state.
A Partnership Practice in Dentistry refers to a dental practice that is owned and operated by two or more dentists who have formed a legal partnership. In this type of arrangement, the partners share the responsibilities, profits, and losses of the practice. They make decisions together about the direction and management of the practice, and they typically have an equal say in how it is run.
Partnership practices can take many forms, depending on the needs and preferences of the partners. Some partnerships may involve dentists who are equally skilled and experienced, while others may involve a more senior dentist partnering with a junior associate. In some cases, partnerships may be formed between dentists who have complementary skills and expertise, such as a general dentist partnering with an oral surgeon or orthodontist.
Partnership practices can offer several benefits to dentists, including the ability to share costs, pool resources, and collaborate on complex cases. However, they also come with certain risks and challenges, such as the potential for disagreements or conflicts between partners. As such, it is important for dentists who are considering forming a partnership practice to carefully consider their options and seek legal and financial advice before making any commitments.
Health expenditures refer to the total amount of money spent on health services, goods, and resources in a given period. This can include expenses for preventive care, medical treatments, medications, long-term care, and administrative costs. Health expenditures can be made by individuals, corporations, insurance companies, or governments, and they can be measured at the national, regional, or household level.
Health expenditures are often used as an indicator of a country's investment in its healthcare system and can reflect the overall health status of a population. High levels of health expenditures may indicate a strong commitment to healthcare, but they can also place a significant burden on individuals, businesses, and governments. Understanding patterns and trends in health expenditures is important for policymakers, healthcare providers, and researchers who are working to improve the efficiency, effectiveness, and accessibility of healthcare services.
An ethnic group is a category of people who identify with each other based on shared ancestry, language, culture, history, and/or physical characteristics. The concept of an ethnic group is often used in the social sciences to describe a population that shares a common identity and a sense of belonging to a larger community.
Ethnic groups can be distinguished from racial groups, which are categories of people who are defined by their physical characteristics, such as skin color, hair texture, and facial features. While race is a social construct based on physical differences, ethnicity is a cultural construct based on shared traditions, beliefs, and practices.
It's important to note that the concept of ethnic groups can be complex and fluid, as individuals may identify with multiple ethnic groups or switch their identification over time. Additionally, the boundaries between different ethnic groups can be blurred and contested, and the ways in which people define and categorize themselves and others can vary across cultures and historical periods.
I'm sorry for any confusion, but "housing" is not a term that has a medical definition. In a general sense, housing refers to a place where someone lives, such as a house or apartment. If you have any questions related to healthcare, medicine, or health-related topics, I would be happy to try to help answer them.
Prevalence, in medical terms, refers to the total number of people in a given population who have a particular disease or condition at a specific point in time, or over a specified period. It is typically expressed as a percentage or a ratio of the number of cases to the size of the population. Prevalence differs from incidence, which measures the number of new cases that develop during a certain period.
I'm sorry for any confusion, but "sociology" is not a term that has a medical definition. Sociology is a social science that focuses on the study of human behavior and interactions in society, including the development, structure, and functioning of human societies. It is distinct from medical disciplines which focus on the diagnosis and treatment of health conditions.
I'm sorry for any confusion, but "Missouri" is not a medical term or concept. It is a geographical location, being the name of a state located in the central United States. If you have any questions related to medical terminology or concepts, I would be happy to help with those!
A cross-sectional study is a type of observational research design that examines the relationship between variables at one point in time. It provides a snapshot or a "cross-section" of the population at a particular moment, allowing researchers to estimate the prevalence of a disease or condition and identify potential risk factors or associations.
In a cross-sectional study, data is collected from a sample of participants at a single time point, and the variables of interest are measured simultaneously. This design can be used to investigate the association between exposure and outcome, but it cannot establish causality because it does not follow changes over time.
Cross-sectional studies can be conducted using various data collection methods, such as surveys, interviews, or medical examinations. They are often used in epidemiology to estimate the prevalence of a disease or condition in a population and to identify potential risk factors that may contribute to its development. However, because cross-sectional studies only provide a snapshot of the population at one point in time, they cannot account for changes over time or determine whether exposure preceded the outcome.
Therefore, while cross-sectional studies can be useful for generating hypotheses and identifying potential associations between variables, further research using other study designs, such as cohort or case-control studies, is necessary to establish causality and confirm any findings.
"Medically uninsured" is not a term that has an official medical definition. However, it generally refers to individuals who do not have health insurance coverage. This can include those who cannot afford it, those who are not offered coverage through their employer, and those who are ineligible for government-sponsored programs like Medicaid or Medicare. Being medically uninsured can lead to financial strain if an individual experiences a medical emergency or needs ongoing care, as they will be responsible for paying for these services out of pocket.
Noma, also known as cancrum oris, is a rare but severe gangrenous disease that primarily affects children who are malnourished, have weakened immune systems, and lack access to proper oral hygiene and healthcare. The condition typically starts as a small ulcer in the mouth and quickly progresses, causing extensive tissue damage and necrosis of the soft and hard tissues of the face.
Noma can also affect the genital region (genital noma) or the anus (anorectal noma). The disease is caused by a polymicrobial infection, involving both aerobic and anaerobic bacteria, that thrive in necrotic tissue. If left untreated, noma can result in significant disfigurement, disability, and even death.
Early diagnosis and prompt treatment with antibiotics, surgery, and nutritional support are crucial to prevent the progression of the disease and improve the chances of a successful recovery. Preventive measures, such as improving oral hygiene, promoting access to healthcare, and addressing malnutrition, can help reduce the risk of noma in vulnerable populations.
"Africa South of the Sahara" is a term commonly used in medical and scientific literature to refer to the region of the African continent that lies south of the Sahara Desert. This region includes 48 countries, with a population of over 1 billion people, and is characterized by its tropical or subtropical climate, diverse cultures, and unique health challenges.
The term "South of the Sahara" is used to distinguish this region from North Africa, which is predominantly Arab and Berber in culture and has closer ties to the Middle East than to Sub-Saharan Africa. The Sahara Desert serves as a natural geographical boundary between these two regions.
In medical terms, "Africa South of the Sahara" encompasses a wide range of health issues, including infectious diseases such as HIV/AIDS, malaria, tuberculosis, and Ebola, which are prevalent in many parts of the region. The area also faces challenges related to maternal and child health, nutrition, water and sanitation, and non-communicable diseases such as cancer, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease.
Medical research and interventions focused on "Africa South of the Sahara" aim to address these unique health challenges and improve the overall health outcomes of the population in this region.
Medical sociology is a subfield of sociology that focuses on the social aspects of health, illness, and healthcare. It studies how various social factors such as race, class, gender, age, and culture influence health outcomes and access to healthcare services. Medical sociologists also examine the organization and delivery of healthcare systems, the physician-patient relationship, and the impact of medical technologies on society. They use a variety of research methods including surveys, interviews, ethnographic observation, and content analysis to gather data and analyze social patterns related to health and medicine. The field of medical sociology is closely linked with other disciplines such as anthropology, psychology, and public health.
In the context of medicine, the term "ownership" is not typically used as a formal medical definition. However, it may be used informally to refer to the responsibility and authority that a healthcare provider has in managing a patient's care. For example, a physician may say that they "take ownership" of a patient's care, meaning that they will oversee and coordinate all aspects of the patient's medical treatment. Additionally, in medical research or clinical trials, "data ownership" refers to who has the rights to access, use, and share the data collected during the study.
A newborn infant is a baby who is within the first 28 days of life. This period is also referred to as the neonatal period. Newborns require specialized care and attention due to their immature bodily systems and increased vulnerability to various health issues. They are closely monitored for signs of well-being, growth, and development during this critical time.
Rural health is a branch of healthcare that focuses on the unique health challenges and needs of people living in rural areas. The World Health Organization (WHO) defines rural health as "the state of complete physical, mental and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity, in the rural population."
Rural populations often face disparities in healthcare access and quality compared to their urban counterparts. Factors such as geographic isolation, poverty, lack of transportation, and a shortage of healthcare providers can contribute to these disparities. Rural health encompasses a broad range of services, including primary care, prevention, chronic disease management, mental health, oral health, and emergency medical services.
The goal of rural health is to improve the health outcomes of rural populations by addressing these unique challenges and providing high-quality, accessible healthcare services that meet their needs. This may involve innovative approaches such as telemedicine, mobile health clinics, and community-based programs to reach people in remote areas.
Logistic models, specifically logistic regression models, are a type of statistical analysis used in medical and epidemiological research to identify the relationship between the risk of a certain health outcome or disease (dependent variable) and one or more independent variables, such as demographic factors, exposure variables, or other clinical measurements.
In contrast to linear regression models, logistic regression models are used when the dependent variable is binary or dichotomous in nature, meaning it can only take on two values, such as "disease present" or "disease absent." The model uses a logistic function to estimate the probability of the outcome based on the independent variables.
Logistic regression models are useful for identifying risk factors and estimating the strength of associations between exposures and health outcomes, adjusting for potential confounders, and predicting the probability of an outcome given certain values of the independent variables. They can also be used to develop clinical prediction rules or scores that can aid in decision-making and patient care.
"Cultural deprivation" is a term that was previously used in sociology and social work to describe the idea that some individuals or groups may be at a disadvantage due to their lack of exposure to dominant cultural values, customs, and behaviors. This concept has been criticized for its deficit-based perspective and oversimplification of complex social issues.
In medical contexts, the term "cultural competence" is more commonly used to describe the ability of healthcare providers to understand, respect, and respond to the cultural differences of their patients. Cultural competence involves recognizing and addressing power imbalances, communication barriers, and other factors that may affect healthcare access and outcomes for individuals from diverse backgrounds.
It's important to note that cultural competence is not just about acquiring knowledge about different cultures, but also about developing skills and attitudes that promote respectful and effective communication and care. This includes self-awareness of one's own biases and assumptions, flexibility in adapting to different cultural contexts, and a commitment to ongoing learning and improvement.
Catholicism is a branch of Christianity that recognizes the authority of the Pope and follows the teachings and traditions of the Roman Catholic Church. It is the largest Christian denomination in the world, with over a billion members worldwide. The beliefs and practices of Catholicism include the sacraments, prayer, and various forms of worship, as well as social justice initiatives and charitable works. The Catholic Church has a hierarchical structure, with the Pope at the top, followed by bishops, priests, and deacons. It places a strong emphasis on the teachings of Jesus Christ, the Virgin Mary, and the saints.
Health status indicators are measures used to assess and monitor the health and well-being of a population. They provide information about various aspects of health, such as mortality rates, morbidity rates, prevalence of chronic diseases, lifestyle factors, environmental exposures, and access to healthcare services. These indicators can be used to identify trends and disparities in health outcomes, inform policy decisions, allocate resources, and evaluate the effectiveness of public health interventions. Examples of health status indicators include life expectancy, infant mortality rate, prevalence of diabetes, smoking rates, and access to primary care.
I apologize for any confusion, but "agriculture" is not a term that has a medical definition. Agriculture refers to the cultivation and breeding of animals, plants, and fungi for food, fiber, biofuel, medicinal plants, and other products used to sustain and enhance human life. It is an important industry and practice that has been developed over thousands of years and continues to play a critical role in global food production and security.
Health Insurance is a type of insurance that covers the whole or a part of the risk of a person incurring medical expenses, spreading the risk over a large number of persons. By purchasing health insurance, insured individuals pay a premium to an insurance company, which then pools those funds with other policyholders' premiums to pay for the medical care costs of individuals who become ill or injured. The coverage can include hospitalization, medical procedures, prescription drugs, and preventive care, among other services. The goal of health insurance is to provide financial protection against unexpected medical expenses and to make healthcare services more affordable.
I apologize, but "Chicago" is not a medical term or concept. Chicago is the largest city in the state of Illinois and the third-most populous city in the United States. It's known for its impressive architecture, vibrant arts scene, and significant contributions to American culture, including jazz music, improvisational theater, and culinary innovations like deep-dish pizza and the Chicago-style hot dog.
If you have any questions related to medical topics or definitions, please feel free to ask!
Human development in a medical context often refers to the process of physical, cognitive, and emotional growth and development that occurs from conception through adulthood. This includes the development of organs, organ systems, and bodily functions, as well as the acquisition of skills, knowledge, and social-emotional capabilities.
The medical community may also use the term "human development" to refer to the study of how genetic and environmental factors influence this growth and development over time. This field draws on insights from a range of disciplines, including genetics, neuroscience, psychology, sociology, and anthropology, among others.
It's important to note that human development is a complex and dynamic process that can be influenced by a wide range of factors, including genetics, nutrition, physical activity, stress, social support, and cultural context, among others. Understanding the many factors that contribute to healthy human development is an important goal for researchers, clinicians, and policymakers alike.
Demography is the statistical study of populations, particularly in terms of size, distribution, and characteristics such as age, race, gender, and occupation. In medical contexts, demography is often used to analyze health-related data and trends within specific populations. This can include studying the prevalence of certain diseases or conditions, identifying disparities in healthcare access and outcomes, and evaluating the effectiveness of public health interventions. Demographic data can also be used to inform policy decisions and allocate resources to address population health needs.
I'm sorry for any confusion, but "geography" is not a term that has a medical definition. Geography is a field of study that deals with the location and distribution of physical and cultural features on Earth's surface, as well as how humans interact with and affect those features. It is not a concept that is typically used in a medical context. If you have any questions related to medicine or healthcare, I would be happy to try to help answer them for you!
I'm sorry for any confusion, but "India" is not a medical term or concept. It is a country in South Asia, the second-most populous country in the world, known for its rich history, diverse culture, and numerous contributions to various fields including medicine. If you have any questions related to medical topics, I would be happy to help answer them!
Health policy refers to a set of decisions, plans, and actions that are undertaken to achieve specific healthcare goals within a population. It is formulated by governmental and non-governmental organizations with the objective of providing guidance and direction for the management and delivery of healthcare services. Health policies address various aspects of healthcare, including access, financing, quality, and equity. They can be designed to promote health, prevent disease, and provide treatment and rehabilitation services to individuals who are sick or injured. Effective health policies require careful consideration of scientific evidence, ethical principles, and societal values to ensure that they meet the needs of the population while being fiscally responsible.
I'm sorry for any confusion, but "social problems" is not a term that has a specific medical definition. It is a broad term used in sociology and social work to refer to issues that affect large numbers of people within a society, such as poverty, discrimination, crime, and substance abuse. These issues can certainly have impacts on individuals' mental and physical health, but they are not considered medical conditions themselves. If you have any questions related to healthcare or medical terminology, I would be happy to try to help answer those!
The conservation of natural resources refers to the responsible use and management of natural resources, such as water, soil, minerals, forests, and wildlife, in a way that preserves their availability for future generations. This may involve measures such as reducing waste and pollution, promoting sustainable practices, protecting habitats and ecosystems, and engaging in careful planning and decision-making to ensure the long-term sustainability of these resources. The goal of conservation is to balance the needs of the present with the needs of the future, so that current and future generations can continue to benefit from the many goods and services that natural resources provide.
"Employment" is a term that is commonly used in the context of social sciences and law rather than medicine. It generally refers to the state or condition of being employed, which means an individual is engaged in a job or occupation, providing services to an employer in exchange for compensation, such as wages or salary. Employment may involve various types of work arrangements, including full-time, part-time, temporary, contract, or freelance positions.
In the context of medicine and public health, employment is often discussed in relation to its impact on health outcomes, healthcare access, and socioeconomic status. For instance, research has shown that unemployment or underemployment can negatively affect mental and physical health, while stable employment can contribute to better health outcomes and overall well-being. Additionally, employment may influence an individual's ability to afford healthcare, medications, and other essential needs, which can impact their health status.
In summary, the medical definition of 'employment' pertains to the state or condition of being engaged in a job or occupation, providing services to an employer for compensation. Employment has significant implications for health outcomes, healthcare access, and socioeconomic status.
I'm happy to help, but it seems there might be some confusion in your question. "Interviews" is a broad topic that isn't typically a medical term or subject. However, interviews can certainly be a part of medical settings and procedures, such as job interviews for healthcare positions, patient interviews during medical consultations, or research interviews in clinical studies.
In the context of medical education, an interview might refer to the process by which medical schools evaluate applicants for admission, known as the medical school interview. This is a critical component of the application process and typically involves one-on-one conversations between the applicant and an admissions committee member or a series of multiple mini-interviews (MMIs) with various evaluators.
If you could provide more context or clarify what you mean by "Interviews as Topic" in a medical setting, I'd be happy to help further!
Unemployment is an economic concept rather than a medical one. It refers to the situation where individuals who are actively seeking employment are unable to find work. The World Health Organization (WHO) and other medical bodies do not provide a specific medical definition for unemployment. However, unemployment can have significant impacts on both physical and mental health, leading to issues such as stress, anxiety, depression, and poor physical health.
I'm sorry for any confusion, but "North Carolina" is a geographical location and not a medical term or condition. It is a state located in the southeastern region of the United States. If you have any questions about medical terms or conditions, I'd be happy to help with those!
I'm sorry for any confusion, but "Kenya" is not a medical term. It is the name of a country located in East Africa, known for its diverse wildlife and geography, including savannas, lakelands, the dramatic Great Rift Valley, and mountain highlands. It is also where you can find the Maasai Mara Reserve, known for its annual wildebeest migrations, and vast Nairobi National Park. The capital city of Kenya is Nairobi. If you have any questions about medical terms or concepts, I would be happy to help with those!
Community health planning is a systematic and continuous process that involves assessing the health needs and resources of a defined population, setting priorities for health improvement, and developing and implementing action plans to achieve those priorities. It is a collaborative effort between various stakeholders, including community members, healthcare providers, public health professionals, and other relevant organizations. The goal of community health planning is to improve the overall health and well-being of the community by addressing the social, environmental, and economic factors that impact health. This process typically involves the following steps:
1. Needs assessment: Identifying the health needs and priorities of the community through data collection and analysis, including demographic information, health status indicators, and healthcare utilization patterns.
2. Resource assessment: Identifying the available resources in the community, such as healthcare facilities, public health programs, and community-based organizations that can be leveraged to address the identified needs.
3. Priority setting: Determining the most pressing health issues that need to be addressed based on the needs and resource assessments. This involves engaging stakeholders in a participatory process to identify shared priorities.
4. Plan development: Developing an action plan that outlines specific strategies, activities, and timelines for addressing the identified priorities. The plan should also include indicators for measuring progress and evaluating outcomes.
5. Implementation: Putting the action plan into practice by engaging community members, healthcare providers, and other stakeholders in implementing the strategies and activities outlined in the plan.
6. Evaluation: Monitoring and evaluating the progress of the action plan to ensure that it is achieving the desired outcomes and making adjustments as needed.
Community health planning is an essential component of public health practice because it helps to ensure that resources are allocated effectively, priorities are aligned with community needs, and interventions are tailored to the unique characteristics of the population being served.
Longitudinal studies are a type of research design where data is collected from the same subjects repeatedly over a period of time, often years or even decades. These studies are used to establish patterns of changes and events over time, and can help researchers identify causal relationships between variables. They are particularly useful in fields such as epidemiology, psychology, and sociology, where the focus is on understanding developmental trends and the long-term effects of various factors on health and behavior.
In medical research, longitudinal studies can be used to track the progression of diseases over time, identify risk factors for certain conditions, and evaluate the effectiveness of treatments or interventions. For example, a longitudinal study might follow a group of individuals over several decades to assess their exposure to certain environmental factors and their subsequent development of chronic diseases such as cancer or heart disease. By comparing data collected at multiple time points, researchers can identify trends and correlations that may not be apparent in shorter-term studies.
Longitudinal studies have several advantages over other research designs, including their ability to establish temporal relationships between variables, track changes over time, and reduce the impact of confounding factors. However, they also have some limitations, such as the potential for attrition (loss of participants over time), which can introduce bias and affect the validity of the results. Additionally, longitudinal studies can be expensive and time-consuming to conduct, requiring significant resources and a long-term commitment from both researchers and study participants.
I believe there may be a misunderstanding in your question. "Mothers" is a term that refers to individuals who have given birth to and raised children. It is not a medical term with a specific definition. If you are referring to a different word or term, please clarify so I can provide a more accurate response.
I am not a medical professional, but I can provide you with some general information about the concept of "education" in the context of health and medicine.
In this context, education generally refers to the process of acquiring knowledge, skills, values, and attitudes related to maintaining and improving one's health and well-being, as well as preventing and managing diseases and injuries. Health education can take place in various settings, such as schools, healthcare facilities, workplaces, and communities.
Health education aims to empower individuals and populations to make informed decisions about their health and promote healthy behaviors and lifestyle choices. It covers a wide range of topics, including:
1. Anatomy and physiology
2. Nutrition and diet
3. Exercise and physical activity
4. Mental health and well-being
5. Substance use and abuse
6. Sexual and reproductive health
7. Personal hygiene and infection control
8. Chronic disease management
9. Injury prevention and safety
10. Environmental health
Health education is often delivered by healthcare professionals, educators, and community leaders, using various methods such as lectures, workshops, demonstrations, simulations, and digital media. The ultimate goal of health education is to improve overall health outcomes and reduce health disparities in populations.
Allostasis is a term used in physiology and medicine to describe the process by which an organism adapts to environmental challenges, such as stressors, in order to maintain stability and homeostasis. It refers to the ability of the body to achieve stability through change, rather than through a rigid maintenance of a fixed setpoint.
The concept of allostasis was developed to expand upon the traditional concept of homeostasis, which emphasizes the maintenance of a stable internal environment despite external changes. Allostasis recognizes that the body must actively respond and adapt to changing environmental demands in order to maintain stability and function effectively.
Allostatic load refers to the cumulative wear and tear on the body's systems as a result of repeated or chronic activation of allostatic responses. Over time, this can lead to dysregulation of physiological processes and increased risk for disease.
The term "African Continental Ancestry Group" is a racial category used in the field of genetics and population health to describe individuals who have ancestral origins in the African continent. This group includes people from diverse ethnic backgrounds, cultures, and languages across the African continent. It's important to note that this term is used for genetic and epidemiological research purposes and should not be used to make assumptions about an individual's personal identity, culture, or experiences.
It's also worth noting that there is significant genetic diversity within Africa, and using a single category to describe all individuals with African ancestry can oversimplify this diversity. Therefore, it's more accurate and informative to specify the particular population or region of African ancestry when discussing genetic research or health outcomes.
Malnutrition is a condition that results from eating a diet in which one or more nutrients are either not enough or are too much such that the body's function is not maintained. It can also refer to a deficiency or excess of vitamins, minerals, protein, energy, and/or water. This condition can have negative effects on physical and mental health. Malnutrition includes undernutrition (wasting, stunting, underweight), overnutrition (overweight, obesity) and micronutrient deficiencies or excesses.
It's important to note that malnutrition is different from malabsorption, which is the inability to absorb nutrients from food. Malabsorption can also lead to malnutrition if it results in a lack of necessary nutrients for the body's function.
Child health services refer to a range of medical and supportive services designed to promote the physical, mental, and social well-being of children from birth up to adolescence. These services aim to prevent or identify health problems early, provide treatment and management for existing conditions, and support healthy growth and development.
Examples of child health services include:
1. Well-child visits: Regular checkups with a pediatrician or other healthcare provider to monitor growth, development, and overall health.
2. Immunizations: Vaccinations to protect against infectious diseases such as measles, mumps, rubella, polio, and hepatitis B.
3. Screening tests: Blood tests, hearing and vision screenings, and other diagnostic tests to identify potential health issues early.
4. Developmental assessments: Evaluations of a child's cognitive, emotional, social, and physical development to ensure they are meeting age-appropriate milestones.
5. Dental care: Preventive dental services such as cleanings, fluoride treatments, and sealants, as well as restorative care for cavities or other dental problems.
6. Mental health services: Counseling, therapy, and medication management for children experiencing emotional or behavioral challenges.
7. Nutrition counseling: Education and support to help families make healthy food choices and promote good nutrition.
8. Chronic disease management: Coordinated care for children with ongoing medical conditions such as asthma, diabetes, or cerebral palsy.
9. Injury prevention: Programs that teach parents and children about safety measures to reduce the risk of accidents and injuries.
10. Public health initiatives: Community-based programs that promote healthy lifestyles, provide access to healthcare services, and address social determinants of health such as poverty, housing, and education.
The "Healthy People" programs are a set of initiatives and objectives established by the Office of Disease Prevention and Health Promotion (ODPHP), which is part of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS). These programs aim to improve the health of all Americans over the course of a decade by setting evidence-based national goals and objectives for promoting physical, mental, and social well-being, as well as preventing disease, injury, and premature death.
The "Healthy People" programs are not a medical definition per se, but rather a set of public health initiatives that provide a framework for improving the health of the population. The program's goals and objectives cover a wide range of topics, including:
* Physical activity
* Nutrition
* Tobacco use
* Alcohol and drug abuse
* Mental health
* Sexual health
* Injury prevention
* Environmental health
* Access to healthcare
The "Healthy People" programs are updated every 10 years, with the most recent iteration being Healthy People 2030. These programs serve as a roadmap for policymakers, healthcare providers, and communities to work together to improve the health of the nation.
Poverty reduction
Reservation poverty
Concentrated poverty
Poverty in the Philippines
Poverty Reduction Strategy in Honduras
Bacha Khan Poverty Alleviation Programme
Poverty in Niger
Targeted Poverty Alleviation
Ministry of Poverty Alleviation and Social Safety
Cycle of poverty
Poverty in Tanzania
Poverty in Afghanistan
Poverty in Moldova
Poverty in the United Kingdom
Center on Business and Poverty
Poverty in China
Poverty in Cambodia
Child poverty in the United States
Poverty in India
Poverty in Pakistan
Montrose Area School District
Hazleton Area School District
Rugged individualism
Schuylkill Haven Area School District
Minersville Area School District
Persistent poverty county
Poverty in France
Social determinants of health in poverty
Shariff Saydona Mustapha
Education Investment Area
CDC Online Newsroom - Press Release - Nation's Teen Vaccination Coverage Increasing, Variability Observed By Area, Race...
Poverty and Ill-Health are Linked in Urban Areas | Scoop News
Targeting Federal Funding to Areas Experiencing Significant Poverty (interactive graphic) | U.S. GAO
Action - GNPR 2016-2017: School health and nutrition (q11) School Feeding Programme in Poverty-Prone Areas - Standards or rules...
The Bleaching of San Francisco: Extreme Gentrification and Suburbanized Poverty in the Bay Area | Truthout
Nonprofits aim to break cycle of poverty in underserved areas of Greenville Co.
The Shifting Landscape of Poverty-Fighting Policy - United Way Bay Area
Understanding Poverty in Orlando Area High Schools (Part 2) › The Forerunner
Millions of Children Living in High-Poverty Areas - The Annie E. Casey Foundation
Campaign to improve education in areas with high poverty|Society|chinadaily.com.cn
High-Poverty Areas Law and Legal Definition | USLegal, Inc.
UNU-WIDER : Working Paper : The Reliability of Small Area Estimation Prediction Methods to Track Poverty
San Francisco Mayor Pushes for $250 Million Affordable Housing Bond; More than 800K Bay Area Residents Living in Poverty -...
Cardiometabolic dysfunction among U.S. adolescents and area-level poverty: race/ethnicity-specific associations - Maryland...
Fuel poverty in the UK: Is there a difference between rural and urban areas? | The James Hutton Institute
Poverty in former coalmine area, Belgium - DocsOnline
Can marine protected areas alleviate poverty in the context of land desertification? | ANR
VOLUNTEERING TO HELP CHIDREN LIVING AT RISK AND IN EXTREME POVERTY IN THE ANDES OF PERU - Huancayo, South America, PE |...
State and Local Child Tax Credit Outreach Needed to Help Lift Hardest-to-Reach Children Out of Poverty | Center on Budget and...
Lidar-revised geologic map of the Poverty Bay 7.5' quadrangle, King and Pierce Counties, Washington
Food & Nutrition: General
Incarceration - Page 2 - INSTITUTE FOR RESEARCH ON POVERTY - UW-Madison
Hester, et al. v. Gentry, et al. | Southern Poverty Law Center
Differences Between Available Surveys/Programs for Poverty
DP15754 Dowries, Resource Allocation, and Poverty | CEPR
MSc Global Development (Poverty and Inequality) (2024 entry) | The University of Manchester
The Effect of a U.S. Poverty Reduction Intervention on Maternal Assessments of Young Children's Health, Nutrition, and Sleep: A...
The Roots of Poverty | Scouts Canada
Poverty Level Estimated at 29.8 Percent in Mongolia
Fix Maine's EITC to Reward Work and Reduce Poverty - MECEP
20202
- MONTGOMERY, Ala. - A landmark report from the Southern Poverty Law Center (SPLC) found that the election systems in the Deep South in 2020 suffered from an array of shortcomings, making it harder for many voters - particularly. (splcenter.org)
- A man sits outside the African Continental Free Trade Area (AfCFTA) Secretariat office in Accra, capital of Ghana, August 17, 2020. (news.cn)
20213
- Chinese experts work in a paddy field in the demonstration area of Nariou village in Burkina Faso, July 13, 2021. (news.cn)
- Measures put in place to mitigate the economic impact of the COVID-19 crisis contributed to the decrease in the at risk of poverty rate for unemployed respondents in SILC 2021. (cso.ie)
- By age group, the largest year on year change in the at risk of poverty rate was in persons ages 65 or over, going from 11.9% in 2021 to 19.0% in 2022. (cso.ie)
Inequality4
- Our counterfactual policy analysis indicates that abolishing or reducing dowries (through anti-dowry laws or taxes, for example) may have the unintended effect of aggravating intra-household inequality and increasing women's risk of living in poverty after marriage. (cepr.org)
- Examine the different conceptualisations and characteristics of poverty and inequality. (manchester.ac.uk)
- Rural areas, on the other hand, witnessed increased levels of inequality and poverty during the past two years compared to the urban areas where inequality levels decreased and poverty levels stabilised. (egyptindependent.com)
- Economic statistics point to a new "golden age" of productivity growth and improving living standards, while a whole array of social surveys show worsening poverty, unemployment, insecurity and inequality. (wsws.org)
Alleviation4
- Poverty reduction, poverty relief, or poverty alleviation is a set of measures, both economic and humanitarian, that are intended to permanently lift people out of poverty. (wikipedia.org)
- Poverty alleviation also involves improving the living conditions of people who are already poor. (wikipedia.org)
- The end of the NTD epidemic has been listed as one of the indicators to measure the success of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), because NTD control is highly related to poverty alleviation which is the first goal of the SDGs. (biomedcentral.com)
- Therefore, this special issue is trying to promote more research on economic impact assessment to illustrate that poverty alleviation programmes in developing countries will not be successful without eliminating NTDs. (biomedcentral.com)
Alleviate6
- Can marine protected areas alleviate poverty in the context of land desertification? (anr.fr)
- Here we hypothesize that coastal towns and villages close to marine protected areas can better alleviate poverty in the context of land desertification than their counterparts without any management action on nearby marine ecosystems. (anr.fr)
- How can we learn from these extraordinary circumstances in order to more effectively alleviate poverty moving forward? (umich.edu)
- He serves as the inaugural director of Poverty Solutions, an interdisciplinary, presidential initiative at U-M that seeks to partner communities and policymakers to find new ways to prevent and alleviate poverty. (umich.edu)
- CCTs, Latin America's policy tool of choice, alleviate the immediate woes of poverty while investing in the future of human capital. (tcf.org)
- Companies have indicated that they hope to help alleviate poverty in China's rural areas and to provide consumers with direct access to fresh produce and rural products while cutting out the middlemen in the supply chain. (scmp.com)
Causes of poverty7
- As always, our endorsements align with our overall mission to dismantle the root causes of poverty and build equitable pathways to prosperity. (uwba.org)
- People often think about the symptoms of poverty without thinking about the causes of poverty. (scouts.ca)
- Some examples of causes of poverty include: lack of education, natural disasters, illness, corruption. (scouts.ca)
- Use sticky notes to attach the causes of poverty to the roots and the symptoms of poverty to the branches. (scouts.ca)
- The causes of the poverty are similar to the roots of a tree because we often do not see them, but just like a tree's roots cause its branches to grow, the causes of poverty create the symptoms of poverty which we do see. (scouts.ca)
- Instead, research points to structural inequalities and intergenerational cycles as the root causes of poverty, as shown in this recent post by TCF fellow Jeff Madrick. (tcf.org)
- In addition to the above measures, the UK needs to address the underlying causes of poverty and raise incomes. (ippr.org)
20004
- Along with the recession, an increase in rural children in single-parent households, continuing from the 1990s, was a major contributor to the rise in child poverty after 2000. (usda.gov)
- The overall nonmetropolitan (rural) child poverty rate was 19 percent, as reported in the 2000 Census. (usda.gov)
- The data from the survey indicates that 2015 saw the highest poverty levels since 2000. (egyptindependent.com)
- 200% of the federal poverty level according to the 2000 US Census ( 11 ). (cdc.gov)
Reduce poverty4
- Government officials and agencies, community-based organizations, and advocates across the country can help reduce poverty and hardship by conducting aggressive outreach and giving hands-on assistance to help the lowest-income, and likely hardest-to-reach, families access the credit. (cbpp.org)
- With 189 member countries, staff from more than 170 countries, and offices in over 130 locations, the World Bank Group is a unique global partnership: five institutions working for sustainable solutions that reduce poverty and build shared prosperity in developing countries. (worldbank.org)
- To reduce poverty and make work pay for Maine's low-income families, especially those with children, state policymakers should increase the size of Maine's EITC and make it refundable. (mecep.org)
- Economic growth (with redistribution) is the primary means by which countries reduce poverty. (who.int)
Household food insecurity1
- Food security - Introducing a target to end household food insecurity and child food poverty in the UK by 2030. (ippr.org)
Infectious Diseases of Pove3
- A thematic series in Infectious Diseases of Poverty . (biomedcentral.com)
- At the same time, it will generate good case studies in economic impact assessment of NTDs to illustrate how research on infectious diseases of poverty can accelerate progress towards Universal Health Coverage and the SDGs. (biomedcentral.com)
- Improving Programme Implementation through Embedded Research", in coordination with the "Alliance for Health Policy and Systems Research" based at WHO headquarters, in addition to the "Joint Regional Office for the Eastern Mediterranean/Tropical Disease Research small grants scheme for implementation research in infectious diseases of poverty", offered in coordination with the "Special Programme for Research and Training in Tropical Diseases" also based at WHO headquarters. (who.int)
Counties17
- To help, some federal agencies have been required to use at least 10% of program funds in counties with poverty rates of at least 20% over the last 30 years. (gao.gov)
- These "persistent-poverty counties" are predominantly rural and mostly located in the south. (gao.gov)
- We developed an interactive map that shows the persistent-poverty counties and high-poverty census tracts in the United States. (gao.gov)
- It ranks, I think, in the top 27 counties in the country to get out of poverty. (wspa.com)
- To be crystal clear about where UWBA stands on key measures and propositions, we've put together a comprehensive voter guide for the eight Bay Area counties we serve. (uwba.org)
- For this map, we interpreted a 6-ft-resolution lidar digital elevation model combined with the geology depicted on the Geologic Map of the Poverty Bay 7.5' Quadrangle, King and Pierce Counties, Washington (Booth and others, 2004b). (usgs.gov)
- The ACS provides single-year estimates of income and poverty for all places, counties, and metropolitan areas with a population of at least 65,000 as well as the nation and the states, and provides estimates for all geographies, including census tracts and block groups using data pooled over a five-year period. (census.gov)
- Counties with high vulnerability to child poverty, those with both low young adult education levels and high proportions of children in single-parent families, were generally the most hard-hit by the recession of the past decade and experienced substantial increases in their already high child poverty rates. (usda.gov)
- Child poverty rates varied considerably across nonmetropolitan (rural) counties according to 2009-13 county averages (data on poverty for all U.S. counties are available from the American Community Survey for 5-year averages). (usda.gov)
- One in 5 rural counties had child poverty rates of over 33 percent in 2009-13. (usda.gov)
- Overall, county average rates of child poverty rose from 20 percent in 1999 to 25 percent in 2009-13, with the proportion of counties with child poverty rates of over 33 percent doubling in this period. (usda.gov)
- Meanwhile, estimated child poverty rates declined in 1 in 5 counties. (usda.gov)
- The top quarter of nonmetropolitan counties in young adult (ages 25-44) high school dropout rates in 2009-13 had poverty rates of nearly 18 percent or more. (usda.gov)
- Slightly over half of the counties with child poverty rates of over 33 percent were also counties in the top quarter in young adult high school dropout rates. (usda.gov)
- At the same time there are many counties with low education levels, often with substantial Hispanic populations, including mining counties in west Texas and large scale agricultural counties in southwest Kansas, that have lower child poverty rates. (usda.gov)
- Among the rural counties where the proportion of children in single?parent families exceeded 37 percent (the highest quarter of counties in 2009-13), 58 percent had child poverty rates exceeding 33 percent. (usda.gov)
- On the other hand, among the rural counties with the lowest proportions of children in single-parent families (25 percent or less), only 3 percent had child poverty rates that high. (usda.gov)
Extreme poverty4
- About 1 in 25 Americans lived in such a tract, known as an "extreme poverty area. (uslegal.com)
- These children come from migrants families of areas that have been declared, by the main organisations of international development, to be in a situation of extreme poverty and need (Junin, Huancavelica, Ayacucho and Central Rainforest). (volunteermatch.org)
- They aim to raise funds for anti-poverty charities and highlight the plight of the one billion people living in extreme poverty around the world. (medindia.net)
- We're never going to really know what it's like to live in extreme poverty, we're not kidding ourselves," said Hugh Evans, head of the Global Poverty Project, which organised the challenge. (medindia.net)
Child Poverty Rate2
Tracts4
- Legislation proposed in 2019 would expand this requirement to more agencies and programs, and also direct additional funds to census tracts (small subdivisions of a county that average about 4,000 residents) with poverty rates of at least 20% over the past 5 years. (gao.gov)
- These are called "high-poverty census tracts," and they tend to be located in urban areas. (gao.gov)
- Poverty areas are census tracts or block numbering areas where at least 20 percent of residents were poor in 1989. (uslegal.com)
- We used geographic information systems to identify statistically significant clusters of census tracts with elevated all-site cancer risk due to air toxics in the St. Louis metropolitan area. (cdc.gov)
Measurement4
- Ulaanbaatar, April 17, 2012 - The National Statistics Office (NSO) has been collaborating actively with the World Bank since 2002 in the areas of strengthening statistical capacity and improving methodologies for estimating poverty indicators through living standards measurement surveys and household income and expenditure surveys. (worldbank.org)
- Poor Old Folks: Have Our Methods of Poverty Measurement Blinded Us to Who is Poor? (hhs.gov)
- This learning brief captures AWEF's experience in developing an efficient poverty measurement tool that is gender sensitive and empowerment-forward, which it has chosen to call the Disadvantage Assessment. (seepnetwork.org)
- The authors note that such poverty measurement practices are nascent within the development industry. (seepnetwork.org)
China's1
- China's successful fight against poverty has created a pathway to be followed by developing nations seeking to lift a large portion of their population out of poverty within a stipulated time, said Sheriff Ghali Ibrahim, head of the department of political science and international relations at the University of Abuja, Nigeria. (news.cn)
Persistent-poverty1
- Despite abundant resources, a large population and a vast market, Africa remains the world's least developed continent, beset by persistent poverty and hunger. (news.cn)
Understanding Poverty2
- Teachers in Osceola County, Florida schools were encouraged to complete an "Understanding Poverty" book and seminar. (forerunner.com)
- The writer of Understanding Poverty points out that poverty has just as much to do with income as an ability to allocate intangible resources, such as relationships, time, talents, etc. (forerunner.com)
Programme1
- Kobe, Japan, 17 November 2010 - A new report published today by the World Health Organization (WHO) and the United Nations Human Settlements Programme (UN-HABITAT) shows for the first time how ill-health is linked to poverty in cities, and not just among the poorest urban populations. (scoop.co.nz)
Largely4
- Poverty reduction occurs largely as a result of overall economic growth. (wikipedia.org)
- I find that black/white differences in childhood exposure to neighborhood poverty are largely accounted for by differences in the probability of being born into a poor neighborhood, and to a lesser degree by differences in rates of upward and downward neighborhood mobility during childhood. (researchgate.net)
- Where farming was once almost synonymous with rural, the predominance of farming as an industry in rural areas of the United States is now largely confined to the Plains States. (usda.gov)
- Even in the United States, my colleague Paul Jargowsky shows poverty is largely reinforced by where you live . (tcf.org)
Unemployment1
- These air toxic hot spots were independently associated with neighborhoods with high levels of poverty and unemployment and low levels of education. (cdc.gov)
Prosperity1
- In 2015, UN member states agreed to 17 global Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) to end poverty, protect the planet and ensure prosperity for all. (lu.se)
World's1
- Poverty is the world's greatest killer and the major cause of ill-health and suffering.3 The ill-health bred by poverty further leads to work absenteeism, reduced productivity and diminished earnings. (who.int)
Rural areas8
- Although child survival rates in urban areas are mostly higher than in rural areas, these averages obscure substantial inequities between different population groups. (scoop.co.nz)
- For example, the indicator decreased by 18.9 percentage points compared to the 2010 level in rural areas. (worldbank.org)
- This proportion has risen in recent decades, particularly in rural areas. (usda.gov)
- Strategies include linking up the urban and rural areas in China, giving urban consumers access to more agricultural products, while also introducing urban products to the rural villages to help improve their quality of life, according to Li. (scmp.com)
- Higher poverty levels were seen in the rural areas of Upper Egypt where poverty reached 56.7 per cent, while the poverty level in lower Egypt was recorded at 19.7 per cent. (egyptindependent.com)
- On the same day that the Productivity Commission produced its glowing report, the St Vincent de Paul Society released a new study showing that two million people are living in poverty on the fringes of cities or in rural areas as the gap between rich and poor widens. (wsws.org)
- Around 15% of people in the United States live in rural areas. (medlineplus.gov)
- Rural areas are less crowded and can offer more privacy. (medlineplus.gov)
Methods1
- Poverty prediction methods that track consumption correlates as opposed to consumption itself have been developed to overcome such data gaps. (unu.edu)
Official poverty measure2
Cycle of pove3
- Nonprofits aim to break cycle of poverty in underserved areas of Greenville Co. (wspa.com)
- GREENVILLE, S.C. (WSPA) - Mill Village Ministries, a coalition of nonprofits, is working to break the cycle of poverty in Greenville. (wspa.com)
- At United Way Bay Area, we know that breaking the cycle of poverty in the Bay Area requires us to fight this battle on two fronts, addressing both short-term needs, as well as long-term systems change. (uwba.org)
Practice4
- This definition is consistent with the Census Bureau practice of identifying poverty areas. (uslegal.com)
- The Southern Poverty Law Center and its partners intervened in a federal class action lawsuit to end the practice. (splcenter.org)
- Socioeconomic and behavioral studies of antimicrobial practice, knowledge, attitudes, and beliefs within various poverty-stricken communities in the United States may yield insight into a contributing yet understudied factor in antimicrobial resistance and may lead to more effective interventions to combat resistance. (jabfm.org)
- Opponents deride the time-honored practice as a penalty on poverty. (nbcchicago.com)
Characteristics3
- The ACS offers comprehensive information on social, economic, and housing characteristics and because of its large sample size, about 3.5 million addresses per year, the ACS is exceptionally useful for subnational analyses, serving as the best source for survey-based state level income and poverty estimates. (census.gov)
- Cancer risk from air toxics in relation to neighborhood isolation and sociodemographic characteristics: a spatial analysis of the St. Louis metropolitan area, USA. (cdc.gov)
- We investigated the spatial distribution of carcinogenic air toxics in the St. Louis metropolitan area and tested the hypothesis that neighborhood isolation and sociodemographic characteristics are associated with exposure to carcinogenic air toxics. (cdc.gov)
Impacts2
- Estimating poverty and living standard indicators at aimag, capital city, regional, and state levels has a significant role in assessing the impacts of public policies, programs and country development planning. (worldbank.org)
- Information about household consumption, population living standards and poverty are important baseline data in assessing impacts of planning, policy preparation, policies and programs. (worldbank.org)
Widespread2
- In some of these areas, poverty was especially widespread, as 40 percent or more of residents were poor. (uslegal.com)
- While poverty is much more widespread in developing countries, both types of countries undertake poverty reduction measures. (wikipedia.org)
SPLC4
- LOUISIANA - A new report released today by Daughters Beyond Incarceration and the Southern Poverty Law Center (SPLC) offers a roadmap for stakeholders appointed earlier this year to serve on a council within the Louisiana. (splcenter.org)
- WASHINGTON, D.C. - The following statement is from Efrén Olivares, deputy legal director of the Southern Poverty Law Center's (SPLC) Immigrant Justice Project. (splcenter.org)
- ATLANTA -- The Southern Poverty Law Center (SPLC) has filed suit against the Georgia Department of Labor (GDOL) in the Fulton County Superior Court after the agency failed to comply with the state's open records act. (splcenter.org)
- WASHINGTON - A new report and exclusive video released today by the Southern Poverty Law Center's (SPLC) Hatewatch exposes multimillionaire conspiracy theorist Alex Jones, who has built an extensive business appealing to former. (splcenter.org)
Burkina Faso1
- Based on the actual needs of the Burkina Faso people, our mission is to develop rice cultivation, increase rice production while expanding the cultivation area and promoting new technologies," said Hu Yuzhou, head of a Chinese agricultural technical assistance team in Burkina Faso. (news.cn)
Poorest1
- The spending project will help schools in the poorest areas purchase education equipment worth 106.6 billion yuan, and renovate or expand school buildings by 220 million square meters. (chinadaily.com.cn)
20182
- We perform a prevalence GBT model, which uses the logit link function and relies on a binary outcome for neighborhood poverty for each sample member and at each time point (in our analysis, we draw on data from 1991 to 2018, but use an individual's age as our time variable). (researchgate.net)
- Oduro stressed that China-funded infrastructure development will be key to realizing the fruits of the African Continental Free Trade Area (AfCFTA), which was established in 2018 to foster the cross-border movement of goods and services. (news.cn)
Huang1
- MONTGOMERY, Ala. - Following the horrific events of last night in the Atlanta-area, Margaret Huang, President & CEO of Southern Poverty Law Center , released the following statement: "Our hearts and prayers go out to the. (splcenter.org)
Ethnicity1
- Race/ethnicity and living in poverty are risk factors that can contribute to higher blood lead levels in children. (cdc.gov)
Rates9
- Areas with high poverty rates can face systemic problems-like higher levels of crime and school dropouts-that can make it more difficult for residents to get out of poverty. (gao.gov)
- The CPS ASEC is the source of official annual estimates of national poverty levels and rates, as well as widely used estimates of household income, individual earnings, as well as the distribution of income. (census.gov)
- We compute poverty rates separately for women and men and find that women's poverty relative to men decreases with dowry. (cepr.org)
- At rates prevailing in the early- to mid-1990s, the average black child can expect to spend about 50 percent of her first 18 years in neighborhoods with poverty rates in excess of 20 percent. (researchgate.net)
- New research , supported by Poverty Solutions at the University of Michigan offers insights into how Michigan can maintain the low eviction rates achieved during the COVID-19 pandemic. (umich.edu)
- Poverty rates have hiked to 27.8 per cent in 2015 compared to 26.3 per cent in 2012/2013 and 25.2 per cent in 2010/2011. (egyptindependent.com)
- The increase in food prices also contributed to an increase in poverty rates, according to the professor. (egyptindependent.com)
- Higher poverty rates. (medlineplus.gov)
- Currently, too many adults and children are going without a healthy meal, with rates of child food poverty alarmingly on the rise. (ippr.org)
Racial3
- Differences were observed among racial/ethnic groups and by poverty status, including higher coverage for HPV4 among Hispanic females compared with whites, and higher coverage among teens living in poverty compared with those living at or above the poverty level. (cdc.gov)
- The KIDS COUNT Data Book also reveals that black, Amer-i-can Indi-an and Lati-no chil-dren are much more like-ly to live in high-pover-ty areas rel-a-tive to peers from oth-er racial and eth-nic groups. (aecf.org)
- The housing affordability crisis is one of the top issues that keeps Bay Area families in poverty while continually widening the racial wealth gap. (uwba.org)
People's2
- A good example of this long-term collaboration is that teams from the two institutions have worked together to define a methodology that can assess the state of poverty and people's living standards in Mongolia. (worldbank.org)
- The World Bank concludes that increasing land rights is 'the key to reducing poverty' citing that land rights greatly increase poor people's wealth, in some cases doubling it. (wikipedia.org)
Anti-poverty1
- So, while CCTs deserve a place in our anti-poverty toolbox, it is worth looking beyond the initial results of simplistic transactions into the long-term effects of our policies. (tcf.org)
Census3
- The Census Bureau reports income and poverty estimates from several major national household surveys and programs. (census.gov)
- The brief summarizes findings from the Census Bureau's Supplemental Poverty Measure report for 2013. (hhs.gov)
- Shaefer's research on poverty and social welfare policy in the United States has been published in top peer-reviewed academic journals in the fields of public policy, social work, public health, health services research, and history, and his work has been supported by the National Science Foundation and U.S. Census Bureau among other sources. (umich.edu)
Estimates are compared1
- Predicted poverty estimates are compared to directly observed levels in a series of country settings that are widely divergent, but where data comparability over time is not judged to be a problem. (unu.edu)
Reduces3
- The earned income tax credit (EITC) reduces poverty, promotes work, and, for children in low-income working families, it increases lifetime earnings. (mecep.org)
- The EITC reduces poverty directly by increasing after-tax income for these working poor families. (mecep.org)
- Proponents of economic liberalization have argued that it reduces poverty. (wikipedia.org)
Neighborhood4
- Despite much scholarly attention to 'neighborhood effects' on children, no study to date has measured the cumulative exposure of children to neighborhood poverty and affluence. (researchgate.net)
- Timberlake (2007) uses period life tables to predict transitions into neighborhood poverty during childhood, showing important change over time in Black and white children's predicted exposure to neighborhood poverty (or affluence) at different stages of childhood and between periods [57] . (researchgate.net)
- This study relies on data prior to 1997, however, after which broader sociodemographic change has occurred, and it focuses on the individual's predicted duration of time in neighborhood poverty rather than focusing on identifying the trajectories of neighborhood poverty themselves. (researchgate.net)
- To do this, we construct a dichotomous measure of high-poverty neighborhoods denoting whether the poverty rate of a sample member's residential neighborhood is above 20 percent, following past work [36, 57] . (researchgate.net)
High11
- Com-pared to chil-dren liv-ing in wealth-i-er areas, chil-dren grow-ing up in high-pover-ty neigh-bor-hoods are much less like-ly to have access to high-qual-i-ty schools and safe places to play that can help them thrive. (aecf.org)
- The central government will embark on a special national campaign to oversee basic school conditions and billions of yuan in renovation projects as part of an effort to improve education in areas with high poverty. (chinadaily.com.cn)
- High-poverty areas are defined as nonmetro areas with a poverty rate of 20 percent or more. (uslegal.com)
- High-poverty areas are identified by one of two conditions: (1) over half of the poor population in the county is from a minority group or (2) over half of the poor population is non-Hispanic White, but it is the high poverty rate of a minority group that pushes the county's poverty rate over 20 percent. (uslegal.com)
- Reasons for multidrug-resistant organisms in developing countries are numerous, but the inadequate access to effective drugs, the unregulated manufacture and dispensation of antimicrobials, and the lack of money available to pay for appropriate, high-quality medications are some of the major poverty-driven factors contributing to antimicrobial resistance. (jabfm.org)
- The dawn of the Industrial Revolution led to high economic growth, eliminating mass poverty in what is now considered the developed world. (wikipedia.org)
- 2016), which are effective for empirically describing individual-level variability in trajectories of exposure to high-poverty neighborhoods over time, but are limited in that they allow the residuals to vary around the estimate for a single trajectory. (researchgate.net)
- Three factors that shape the geography of high and increasing rural child poverty are explored below: economic conditions, young adult education levels, and family structure. (usda.gov)
- 2. Reducing the number of tractor-related injuries and fatalities in farm communities in high-poverty areas across the southeast. (cdc.gov)
- Having measures for blood lead levels (BLLs) and a measure for age of housing together on the Tracking Network can help assess testing within areas of high risk. (cdc.gov)
- Yaws continues to be endemic along the tropical belt in areas characterized by hot temperatures, high humidity, and heavy rainfall. (medscape.com)
Crisis2
- However, the findings also call for further validation especially in settings with rapid, transitory poverty deterioration, as in Russia during the 1998 financial crisis. (unu.edu)
- Luke Shaefer, Ford School associate dean and director of Poverty Solutions , Alford A. Young Jr., Arthur F. Thurnau Professor in the Department of Sociology and a professor of Afroamerican and African Studies, and Michael S. Barr, dean of the Ford School, will discuss some of the ways that policymakers and communities are attempting to combat poverty during this crisis. (umich.edu)
Disadvantage1
- In a related study, called The Great Divide, Poverty and Wealth in Western and Outer South-Western Sydney , the Society found poverty and disadvantage to be heavily concentrated in about 20 suburbs in Sydney's west and south-west. (wsws.org)
People10
- 2] In 2013, the federal EITC lifted 6.2 million people out of poverty, including 3.2 million children. (mecep.org)
- Nevertheless, some believe (Peter Singer in his book The Life You Can Save) that small changes in the ways people in affluent nations live their lives could solve world poverty. (wikipedia.org)
- Despite the availability of free tuberculosis (TB) diagnosis and treatment, TB care still generates substantial costs that push people into poverty. (biomedcentral.com)
- But such causes invariably attract accusations of "poverty tourism" by rich people who know they can return to their 2.75 Starbucks latte and organic meat and vegetables after five days. (medindia.net)
- The project is designed to raise awareness of global poverty, but it also shines a light on people struggling closer to home. (medindia.net)
- Recent research reveals a universal link between shame and poverty, meaning poor people all around the world suffer from this incapacitating emotion. (tcf.org)
- The poor are often blamed for their own poverty, a stigma on the almost 2.5 billion people living on two dollars a day or less. (tcf.org)
- Eliminating poverty has been a longstanding goal of policymakers, but along the way, the politics of shame have often turned the war on poverty into the war on poor people. (tcf.org)
- In SILC 2022, 45.4% of persons defined themselves as being employed, while employed persons made up 19.9% of people that were at risk of poverty. (cso.ie)
- People are encouraged to clean up after their pets, to properly dispose of waste, and to clean pet play areas weekly. (cdc.gov)
Metropolitan area2
- Just over two-thirds of poverty area residents lived in a metropolitan area. (uslegal.com)
- Conclusions: These findings provide strong evidence of unequal distribution of carcinogenic air toxics in the St. Louis metropolitan area. (cdc.gov)
Centres3
- Centres run by the Ministry of Health represent 64.2% of all centres operating in the area of primary health care. (who.int)
- In 2010, the National Commission on Maternal Mortality, alongside staff working in different regions and governorates in the area of maternal and child health at primary health care centres pursued their active work to follow up maternal mortality. (who.int)
- Pockets of poverty are replicated in all major cities and regional centres throughout Australia. (wsws.org)
Levels5
- Currently poverty indicators are estimated at regional, state levels and by location. (worldbank.org)
- The economic hardship associated with low education levels is reflected in child poverty statistics. (usda.gov)
- The governorates of Assiut and Sohag ranked the highest in terms of poverty levels at a rate of 66 per cent. (egyptindependent.com)
- Areas with higher poverty levels, crowding, and lower education levels accounted for disproportionately higher proportions of hemodialysis-associated S. aureus bloodstream infections. (medscape.com)
- Risk factors for infection include poverty, low education levels, and dog ownership. (cdc.gov)
Primary hea1
- Since the Palestinian National Authority came to power, the Ministry of Health, discharging its responsibilities for health, has attached considerable importance to primary health care through the provision of health services and by facilitating access to different public sectors as well as ensuring equitable distribution of services among various population groups in different areas. (who.int)
Indicators1
- Major health indicators have been set up, to show the progress made by the Ministry of Health and the whole range of health service providers in this particularly important area. (who.int)
Youth1
- They said their mission is to spark improvements across generations by bringing healthy food, bicycle access, youth employment, social justice, and entrepreneurial training to underserved areas. (wspa.com)
Mortality2
- All too often policy makers and planners fail to understand that with the urbanization of poverty, many slum dwellers suffer from an additional urban penalty: they have a higher rate of child mortality , die younger and suffer from more diseases than their more affluent neighbours," said Joan Clos, Executive Director of UN-HABITAT. (scoop.co.nz)
- DP18058 A transparent index of well being accounting for mortality: Poverty Adjusted Life Expectancy. (cepr.org)
Increases1
- Poverty has a dual impact as it increases the risk of TB and exposes the poor to economic hardship when they develop TB. (biomedcentral.com)
Urban areas1
- Fuel poverty in the UK: Is there a difference between rural and urban areas? (hutton.ac.uk)
Research4
- Recent research quantifies the life-long positive impact that the EITC has on children growing up in poverty. (mecep.org)
- Much study and intervention has focused on the surveillance of hospitals and on the education of physicians, but little research has been done in the United States regarding the role of poverty in antimicrobial resistance. (jabfm.org)
- Poverty probably plays a role in antimicrobial resistance within the United States as well, but little research has occurred in this area. (jabfm.org)
- The research is supported by Poverty Solutions. (umich.edu)
Percentage1
- According to the joint estimation, poverty headcount index in Mongolia stands at 29.8 percent which is 9.4 percentage points less than in 2010, poverty depth amounts to 7.6 percent which represents a drop of 3.7 percentage points, poverty severity is at 2.8 percent which is 1.8 percentage points less than in 2010. (worldbank.org)
India3
- We study the relationship between dowries - wealth transfers from the bride's family to the groom or his family at the time of marriage - and individual-level poverty in rural India. (cepr.org)
- Aniket Doegar and "Guns" Ganapathy, co-founders of the Indian social enterprise Haqdarshak, pivoted multiple times while remaining focused on financial sustainability and their mission: eliminating generational poverty in India through access to social security. (stanford.edu)
- In China and India, noted reductions in poverty in recent decades have occurred mostly as a result of the abandonment of collective farming in China and the cutting of government red tape in India. (wikipedia.org)
Wealth2
- Measures, like those promoted by Henry George in his economics classic Progress and Poverty, are those that raise, or are intended to raise, ways of enabling the poor to create wealth for themselves as a conduit of ending poverty forever. (wikipedia.org)
- Poverty has been historically accepted in some parts of the world as inevitable as non-industrialized economies produced very little, while populations grew almost as fast, making wealth scarce. (wikipedia.org)
Statistical1
- The Small Area Income and Poverty Estimates Program (SAIPE) uses data from a variety of sources to create statistical models to produce income and poverty estimates. (census.gov)