Excess blood loss from uterine bleeding associated with OBSTETRIC LABOR or CHILDBIRTH. It is defined as blood loss greater than 500 ml or of the amount that adversely affects the maternal physiology, such as BLOOD PRESSURE and HEMATOCRIT. Postpartum hemorrhage is divided into two categories, immediate (within first 24 hours after birth) or delayed (after 24 hours postpartum).
Failure of the UTERUS to contract with normal strength, duration, and intervals during childbirth (LABOR, OBSTETRIC). It is also called uterine atony.
Drugs that stimulate contraction of the myometrium. They are used to induce LABOR, OBSTETRIC at term, to prevent or control postpartum or postabortion hemorrhage, and to assess fetal status in high risk pregnancies. They may also be used alone or with other drugs to induce abortions (ABORTIFACIENTS). Oxytocics used clinically include the neurohypophyseal hormone OXYTOCIN and certain prostaglandins and ergot alkaloids. (From AMA Drug Evaluations, 1994, p1157)
The final period of OBSTETRIC LABOR that is from the expulsion of the FETUS to the expulsion of the PLACENTA.
A synthetic analog of natural prostaglandin E1. It produces a dose-related inhibition of gastric acid and pepsin secretion, and enhances mucosal resistance to injury. It is an effective anti-ulcer agent and also has oxytocic properties.
A placenta that fails to be expelled after BIRTH of the FETUS. A PLACENTA is retained when the UTERUS fails to contract after the delivery of its content, or when the placenta is abnormally attached to the MYOMETRIUM.
Bleeding or escape of blood from a vessel.
Bleeding into one or both CEREBRAL HEMISPHERES including the BASAL GANGLIA and the CEREBRAL CORTEX. It is often associated with HYPERTENSION and CRANIOCEREBRAL TRAUMA.
Delivery of the FETUS and PLACENTA under the care of an obstetrician or a health worker. Obstetric deliveries may involve physical, psychological, medical, or surgical interventions.
Maternal deaths resulting from complications of pregnancy and childbirth in a given population.
Inflation of a balloon CATHETER within the uterine cavity to control UTERINE HEMORRHAGE.
Childbirth taking place in the home.
The status during which female mammals carry their developing young (EMBRYOS or FETUSES) in utero before birth, beginning from FERTILIZATION to BIRTH.
Bleeding into the intracranial or spinal SUBARACHNOID SPACE, most resulting from INTRACRANIAL ANEURYSM rupture. It can occur after traumatic injuries (SUBARACHNOID HEMORRHAGE, TRAUMATIC). Clinical features include HEADACHE; NAUSEA; VOMITING, nuchal rigidity, variable neurological deficits and reduced mental status.
Medical problems associated with OBSTETRIC LABOR, such as BREECH PRESENTATION; PREMATURE OBSTETRIC LABOR; HEMORRHAGE; or others. These complications can affect the well-being of the mother, the FETUS, or both.
An incision of the posterior vaginal wall and a portion of the pudenda which enlarges the vaginal introitus to facilitate delivery and prevent lacerations.
A homolog of ERGONOVINE containing one more CH2 group. (Merck Index, 11th ed)
The practice of assisting women in childbirth.
An ergot alkaloid (ERGOT ALKALOIDS) with uterine and VASCULAR SMOOTH MUSCLE contractile properties.
Administration of a soluble dosage form by placement under the tongue.
A nonapeptide hormone released from the neurohypophysis (PITUITARY GLAND, POSTERIOR). It differs from VASOPRESSIN by two amino acids at residues 3 and 8. Oxytocin acts on SMOOTH MUSCLE CELLS, such as causing UTERINE CONTRACTIONS and MILK EJECTION.
Abnormal placentation in which the PLACENTA implants in the lower segment of the UTERUS (the zone of dilation) and may cover part or all of the opening of the CERVIX. It is often associated with serious antepartum bleeding and PREMATURE LABOR.
Bleeding within the SKULL, including hemorrhages in the brain and the three membranes of MENINGES. The escape of blood often leads to the formation of HEMATOMA in the cranial epidural, subdural, and subarachnoid spaces.
Extraction of the FETUS by means of abdominal HYSTEROTOMY.
The period of OBSTETRIC LABOR that is from the complete dilatation of the CERVIX UTERI to the expulsion of the FETUS.
Abnormal placentation in which all or parts of the PLACENTA are attached directly to the MYOMETRIUM due to a complete or partial absence of DECIDUA. It is associated with POSTPARTUM HEMORRHAGE because of the failure of placental separation.
Special hospitals which provide care to women during pregnancy and parturition.
The use of embolizing agents to block the arterial blood supply to parts or all of the UTERUS. The procedures are done to control bleeding or to cause destruction of uterine tissues.
Conditions or pathological processes associated with pregnancy. They can occur during or after pregnancy, and range from minor discomforts to serious diseases that require medical interventions. They include diseases in pregnant females, and pregnancies in females with diseases.
Bleeding from the vessels of the retina.
A system of traditional medicine which is based on the beliefs and practices of the Tibetan culture.
A condition when the SELLA TURCICA is not filled with pituitary tissue. The pituitary gland is either compressed, atrophied, or removed. There are two types: (1) primary empty sella is due a defect in the sella diaphragm leading to arachnoid herniation into the sellar space; (2) secondary empty sella is associated with the removal or treatment of PITUITARY NEOPLASMS.
A medical-surgical specialty concerned with management and care of women during pregnancy, parturition, and the puerperium.
A branch arising from the internal iliac artery in females, that supplies blood to the uterus.
The repetitive uterine contraction during childbirth which is associated with the progressive dilation of the uterine cervix (CERVIX UTERI). Successful labor results in the expulsion of the FETUS and PLACENTA. Obstetric labor can be spontaneous or induced (LABOR, INDUCED).
A method of stopping internal bleeding or blood flow, or the closure of a wound or body cavity, achieved by applying pressure or introducing an absorbent liquid, gel, or tampon.
The process of giving birth to one or more offspring.
Onset of HYPERREFLEXIA; SEIZURES; or COMA in a previously diagnosed pre-eclamptic patient (PRE-ECLAMPSIA).
Artificially induced UTERINE CONTRACTION. Generally, LABOR, OBSTETRIC is induced with the intent to cause delivery of the fetus and termination of pregnancy.
The hollow thick-walled muscular organ in the female PELVIS. It consists of the fundus (the body) which is the site of EMBRYO IMPLANTATION and FETAL DEVELOPMENT. Beyond the isthmus at the perineal end of fundus, is CERVIX UTERI (the neck) opening into VAGINA. Beyond the isthmi at the upper abdominal end of fundus, are the FALLOPIAN TUBES.
Use of a balloon CATHETER to block the flow of blood through an artery or vein.
Results of conception and ensuing pregnancy, including LIVE BIRTH; STILLBIRTH; SPONTANEOUS ABORTION; INDUCED ABORTION. The outcome may follow natural or artificial insemination or any of the various ASSISTED REPRODUCTIVE TECHNIQUES, such as EMBRYO TRANSFER or FERTILIZATION IN VITRO.
Bleeding in any segment of the GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT from ESOPHAGUS to RECTUM.
Diminution or cessation of secretion of one or more hormones from the anterior pituitary gland (including LH; FOLLICLE STIMULATING HORMONE; SOMATOTROPIN; and CORTICOTROPIN). This may result from surgical or radiation ablation, non-secretory PITUITARY NEOPLASMS, metastatic tumors, infarction, PITUITARY APOPLEXY, infiltrative or granulomatous processes, and other conditions.
Materials used in closing a surgical or traumatic wound. (From Dorland, 28th ed)
Hemorrhage into the VITREOUS BODY.
The introduction of whole blood or blood component directly into the blood stream. (Dorland, 27th ed)
Organized services to provide health care to expectant and nursing mothers.
Intraocular hemorrhage from the vessels of various tissues of the eye.
The body region lying between the genital area and the ANUS on the surface of the trunk, and to the shallow compartment lying deep to this area that is inferior to the PELVIC DIAPHRAGM. The surface area is between the VULVA and the anus in the female, and between the SCROTUM and the anus in the male.
A country in western Europe bordered by the Atlantic Ocean, the English Channel, the Mediterranean Sea, and the countries of Belgium, Germany, Italy, Spain, Switzerland, the principalities of Andorra and Monaco, and by the duchy of Luxembourg. Its capital is Paris.
Excision of the uterus.
A province of Canada on the Pacific coast. Its capital is Victoria. The name given in 1858 derives from the Columbia River which was named by the American captain Robert Gray for his ship Columbia which in turn was named for Columbus. (From Webster's New Geographical Dictionary, 1988, p178 & Room, Brewer's Dictionary of Names, 1992, p81-2)
In females, the period that is shortly after giving birth (PARTURITION).
A method of hemostasis utilizing various agents such as Gelfoam, silastic, metal, glass, or plastic pellets, autologous clot, fat, and muscle as emboli. It has been used in the treatment of spinal cord and INTRACRANIAL ARTERIOVENOUS MALFORMATIONS, renal arteriovenous fistulas, gastrointestinal bleeding, epistaxis, hypersplenism, certain highly vascular tumors, traumatic rupture of blood vessels, and control of operative hemorrhage.
An aspect of personal behavior or lifestyle, environmental exposure, or inborn or inherited characteristic, which, on the basis of epidemiologic evidence, is known to be associated with a health-related condition considered important to prevent.
Studies used to test etiologic hypotheses in which inferences about an exposure to putative causal factors are derived from data relating to characteristics of persons under study or to events or experiences in their past. The essential feature is that some of the persons under study have the disease or outcome of interest and their characteristics are compared with those of unaffected persons.
The flexible rope-like structure that connects a developing FETUS to the PLACENTA in mammals. The cord contains blood vessels which carry oxygen and nutrients from the mother to the fetus and waste products away from the fetus.
Evaluation undertaken to assess the results or consequences of management and procedures used in combating disease in order to determine the efficacy, effectiveness, safety, and practicability of these interventions in individual cases or series.
The proportion of patients with a particular disease during a given year per given unit of population.

A strategy for reducing maternal mortality. (1/254)

A confidential system of enquiry into maternal mortality was introduced in Malaysia in 1991. The methods used and the findings obtained up to 1994 are reported below and an outline is given of the resulting recommendations and actions.  (+info)

The presentation and management of post-partum choriocarcinoma. (2/254)

Post-partum choriocarcinoma is a rare complication of pregnancy. We have analysed a series of nine consecutive patients presenting with choriocarcinoma after a full-term non-molar pregnancy. All patients were managed at the Supraregional Trophoblastic Disease Screening and Treatment Centre at Weston Park Hospital, Sheffield between 1987 and 1996. All presented with persistent primary or secondary post-partum haemorrhage. Treatment with multiagent chemotherapy (initially methotrexate, dactinomycin and etoposide) was successful in all cases. Early diagnosis is important because this rare condition is potentially curable with appropriate chemotherapy.  (+info)

Simultaneous occurrence of multiple neoplasms and hyperplasias in the adrenal and thyroid gland of the horse resembling multiple endocrine neoplasia syndrome: case report and retrospective identification of additional cases. (3/254)

Neoplastic and hyperplastic disorders that affect multiple endocrine tissues in a single individual are well described in humans but less so in domestic animals. Multiple endocrine neoplasia (MEN) in humans is a genetically determined syndrome characterized by the appearance of benign or malignant proliferations within two or more endocrine glands. The primary endocrine tumors that are characteristic of MEN arise from cells that share the capacity for amine precursor uptake and decarboxylation. Here we describe the case of a 22-year-old Thoroughbred mare that died during an unattended parturition and subsequently was presented for necropsy at the University of California, Davis, Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital. A C-cell (medullary) thyroid adenoma, pheochromocytoma, and multicentric bilateral nodular hyperplasia of the adrenal medulla were present, findings that are remarkably similar to those of human MEN syndrome. Mortality during pregnancy in women with undiagnosed pheochromocytoma is high (approximately 50%), typically because of hypertension and/or hemorrhage associated with catecholamine release from the tumor. Similarly, the mare in this report died of hemorrhage subsequent to parturition. A retrospective evaluation of endocrine tumors in horses that underwent necropsy at the Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital from 1987 to 1997 was undertaken to identify additional possible cases of MEN in horses. Data from this retrospective evaluation suggest that coexistence of hyperplasias and neoplasias of the thyroid and adrenal glands, similar to MEN syndrome of humans, also occurs with some frequency in the horse.  (+info)

Complicated third stage of labor: time to switch on the scanner. (4/254)

This Editorial chronicles the current experience in ultrasound usage during pathologic events occurring in the third stage of labor. Further improvement in the technology for carrying out clinical research will improve our knowledge so that more information can be gleaned from this modality to bestow optimal management for such potentially dangerous conditions. Awareness of the capabilities of sonography may provide the motivation for its use, and obstetricians are encouraged to scan the third stage of normal deliveries for better recognition of normal findings and improved assessment of abnormal ones. Although final decisions should be based mainly upon sound clinical judgement, we contend that complicated third stage of labor warrants turning on the scanner.  (+info)

Fetal complications of obstetric cholestasis. (5/254)

Among 56 pregnancies complicated by obstetric cholestasis five intrauterine deaths and one neonatal death occurred between 33 and 39 weeks, and a further six infants required urgent delivery for intrapartum asphyxia. Eighteen spontaneous premature deliveries occurred. Five mothers required specific treatment for unexplained postpartum haemorrhage. Cholestasis of pregnancy is therefore not a condition benign to the fetus, and it may contribute to increased maternal morbidity.  (+info)

The influence of drugs on the kinin-forming system in relation to pregnancy and parturition in the rat. (6/254)

The duration of normal gestation and parturition in the rat can be changed by treatment with drugs which alter the equilibrium of the kallikrein-kinin system. The kallikrein inhibitor, aprotinin, when given from Days 19-22 of pregnancy prolongs gestation. Treatment with aprotinin from Days 20-22 of pregnancy prolongs the parturient process, as does a single dose given on the morning of Day 22. Kallikrein, when administered from Days 19-22 of pregnancy, results in a prolongation of gestation and abolishes the pre-parturient behaviour ('labour'). Parturition is prolonged and many fetuses are stillborn. Soya bean trypsin inhibitor when given from Days 19-22 of pregnancy delays and prolongs parturition; maternal haemorrhage occurs during birth and many fetuses are born dead or are abandoned at birth. It is suggested that the kallikrein-kinin system plays a functional role in the normal process of parturition in the rat.  (+info)

Use of methergine for the prevention of postoperative endometritis in non-elective cesarean section patients. (7/254)

OBJECTIVE: Methergine increases constriction of uterine musculature which may facilitate sloughing of endometrial debris, close uterine vessels, and prevent post-cesarean endometritis. The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of methergine in preventing endometritis in patients undergoing non-elective cesarean section delivery. METHODS: Eighty patients undergoing non-elective cesarean section were enrolled in a prospective randomized clinical trial of methergine (41) versus no methergine (39) administration during the postpartum period. The hospital records were abstracted after discharge to compare the postpartum course. RESULTS: There were no significant demographic differences between the two groups. The women receiving methergine had a significant reduction in the rate of postoperative endometritis (10% vs. 36%, P < 0.005). In addition, the mean postoperative hemoglobin was significantly higher in the methergine treated group (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: The use of methergine postpartum in women undergoing non-elective cesarean sections significantly reduces the incidence of postoperative endometritis and blood loss.  (+info)

A multicentre randomized controlled trial of oral misoprostol and i.m. syntometrine in the management of the third stage of labour. (8/254)

Postpartum haemorrhage accounts for nearly 28% of maternal mortality in developing countries. Syntometrine is an effective and commonly used oxytocic in preventing postpartum haemorrhage, but it requires a controlled storage environment and i.m. administration. Misoprostol is an orally active uterotonic agent. A total of 2058 patients having a singleton pregnancy, low risk for postpartum haemorrhage and vaginal delivery were randomized to receive either 1 ml syntometrine or 600 microgram misoprostol for the management of the third stage of labour. There were no significant differences between the two groups in the mean blood loss, the incidence of postpartum haemorrhage and the fall in haemoglobin concentration. The need for additional oxytocic injection was significantly higher in the misoprostol group [relative risk (RR) 1.62, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.34-1.96], but that of manual removal of placenta was reduced (RR 0.29, 95% CI 0.09-0.87). Shivering and transient pyrexia were more common in the misoprostol group. Oral misoprostol might be used in the management of the third stage, especially in situations where the use of syntometrine is contraindicated and facilities for storage and parenteral administration of oxytocics are limited.  (+info)

Postpartum hemorrhage can be caused by various factors, including:

1. Uterine atony: This occurs when the uterus fails to contract properly after delivery, leading to excessive bleeding.
2. Lacerations or tears in the genital tract: Tears in the vaginal tissues, cervix, or uterus can cause bleeding.
3. Placenta accreta or placenta praevia: These conditions occur when the placenta attaches abnormally to the uterine wall, causing bleeding during delivery.
4. Cervical insufficiency: This occurs when the cervix is unable to support the weight of the baby, leading to bleeding.
5. Blood coagulopathy disorders: These are rare conditions that affect the body's ability to form blood clots, leading to excessive bleeding.

Symptoms of PPH may include:

1. Heavy bleeding within the first 24 hours post-delivery
2. Soaking more than two pads per hour
3. Pale or clammy skin
4. Weak or rapid pulse
5. Shallow breathing
6. Confusion or disorientation

Treatment for PPH may include:

1. Observation and monitoring of vital signs
2. Administration of oxytocin to stimulate uterine contractions
3. Use of a blood transfusion to replace lost blood volume
4. Surgical intervention, such as suturing or repairing any lacerations or tears
5. Management of underlying causes, such as blood coagulopathy disorders

Prevention of PPH includes:

1. Proper prenatal care and monitoring of the mother's health during pregnancy
2. Use of cesarean delivery if necessary
3. Avoidance of excessive forceps or vacuum extraction during delivery
4. Use of oxytocin and other medications to stimulate uterine contractions
5. Close monitoring of the mother's vital signs after delivery

It is important for healthcare providers to be aware of the risk factors and symptoms of PPH, as well as the appropriate treatment and prevention strategies, in order to provide optimal care for mothers at risk of developing this condition.

Uterine inertia is a condition where the uterus is unable to contract and expel the fetus or placenta during delivery, leading to prolonged labor or other complications. It can be caused by various factors such as prior cesarean section, multiple pregnancy, fetal macrosomia, or abnormal presentation of the fetus.

Treatment options for uterine inertia depend on the underlying cause and may include oxytocin augmentation, manual removal of the placenta, or vacuum extraction. In some cases, a cesarean section may be necessary to ensure the safe delivery of the baby. It is essential to promptly diagnose and manage uterine inertia to prevent complications such as postpartum hemorrhage, infection, or maternal and fetal distress.

Symptoms: Vaginal bleeding, abdominal pain, fever, and foul-smelling discharge are some common symptoms of a retained placenta. In severe cases, it can lead to infection, hemorrhage, and even death.

Diagnosis: A doctor may diagnose a retained placenta by performing a physical examination and asking about the patient's medical history. Imaging tests such as ultrasound or MRI may also be used to confirm the presence of retained tissue.

Treatment: Treatment for a retained placenta usually involves manual removal of the remaining placental tissue from the uterus. This can be done using surgical instruments or through a procedure called dilation and curettage (D&C). In severe cases, a hysterectomy may be necessary.

Prevention: To prevent a retained placenta, women should receive proper prenatal care throughout their pregnancy and deliver in a healthcare facility with trained medical staff. Proper technique during delivery, such as gentle traction on the umbilical cord, can also help prevent complications.

Prognosis: If treated promptly, the prognosis for a retained placenta is generally good. However, if left untreated, it can lead to serious complications and even death.

Retained Placenta vs. Placental Abruption: While both conditions involve the placenta, a retained placenta occurs when part or all of the placenta remains inside the uterus after delivery, while placental abruption happens when the placenta separates from the uterus before delivery.

Risk Factors: Risk factors for a retained placenta include previous cesarean section (C-section), multiple gestations, and placenta previa (when the placenta partially or completely covers the cervix). Women with these risk factors should be closely monitored throughout their pregnancy to minimize the likelihood of complications.

Symptoms: Symptoms of a retained placenta may include vaginal bleeding, painful contractions, and difficulty passing urine or stool. In severe cases, it can lead to shock, hypovolemic shock, or even death.

Treatment Options: Treatment for a retained placenta typically involves manual removal of the placenta by a healthcare provider. In some cases, a blood transfusion may be necessary to treat any resulting anemia. Antibiotics may also be given if there are signs of infection.

Uterine Massage: Uterine massage is sometimes used as a treatment for a retained placenta. This involves manually massaging the uterus to help expel the remaining placental tissue. However, this method is not always effective and may be associated with some risks.

Conclusion: A retained placenta can be a serious complication of childbirth that requires prompt medical attention. While treatment options are available, prevention through proper prenatal care and delivery in a healthcare facility is the best course of action to minimize the risk of complications. Women with a history of previous retained placentas or other risk factors should be closely monitored during pregnancy and delivery to ensure early detection and treatment if necessary.

Example sentence: The patient had a hemorrhage after the car accident and needed immediate medical attention.

Symptoms of cerebral hemorrhage may include sudden severe headache, confusion, seizures, weakness or numbness in the face or limbs, and loss of consciousness. The condition is diagnosed through a combination of physical examination, imaging tests such as CT or MRI scans, and laboratory tests to determine the cause of the bleeding.

Treatment for cerebral hemorrhage depends on the location and severity of the bleeding, as well as the underlying cause. Medications may be used to control symptoms such as high blood pressure or seizures, while surgery may be necessary to repair the ruptured blood vessel or relieve pressure on the brain. In some cases, the condition may be fatal, and immediate medical attention is essential to prevent long-term damage or death.

Some of the most common complications associated with cerebral hemorrhage include:

1. Rebleeding: There is a risk of rebleeding after the initial hemorrhage, which can lead to further brain damage and increased risk of death.
2. Hydrocephalus: Excess cerebrospinal fluid can accumulate in the brain, leading to increased intracranial pressure and potentially life-threatening complications.
3. Brain edema: Swelling of the brain tissue can occur due to the bleeding, leading to increased intracranial pressure and potentially life-threatening complications.
4. Seizures: Cerebral hemorrhage can cause seizures, which can be a sign of a more severe injury.
5. Cognitive and motor deficits: Depending on the location and severity of the bleeding, cerebral hemorrhage can result in long-term cognitive and motor deficits.
6. Vision loss: Cerebral hemorrhage can cause vision loss or blindness due to damage to the visual cortex.
7. Communication difficulties: Cerebral hemorrhage can cause difficulty with speech and language processing, leading to communication difficulties.
8. Behavioral changes: Depending on the location and severity of the bleeding, cerebral hemorrhage can result in behavioral changes, such as irritability, agitation, or apathy.
9. Infection: Cerebral hemorrhage can increase the risk of infection, particularly if the hemorrhage is caused by a ruptured aneurysm or arteriovenous malformation (AVM).
10. Death: Cerebral hemorrhage can be fatal, particularly if the bleeding is severe or if there are underlying medical conditions that compromise the patient's ability to tolerate the injury.

Some common examples of obstetric labor complications include:

1. Prolonged labor: When labor lasts for an extended period, it can increase the risk of infection, bleeding, or other complications.
2. Fetal distress: If the baby is not getting enough oxygen, it can lead to fetal distress, which can cause a range of symptoms, including abnormal heart rate and decreased muscle tone.
3. Placental abruption: This occurs when the placenta separates from the uterus, which can cause bleeding, deprive the baby of oxygen, and lead to premature delivery.
4. Cephalopelvic disproportion: When the baby's head or pelvis is larger than the mother's, it can make delivery difficult or impossible, leading to complications such as prolonged labor or a cesarean section.
5. Dystocia: This refers to abnormal or difficult labor, which can be caused by various factors, including fetal size or position, maternal weight, or abnormalities in the pelvis or cervix.
6. Postpartum hemorrhage: Excessive bleeding after delivery can be a life-threatening complication for both mothers and babies.
7. Infection: Bacterial infections, such as endometritis or sepsis, can occur during labor and delivery and can pose serious health risks to both the mother and the baby.
8. Preeclampsia: A pregnancy-related condition characterized by high blood pressure and damage to organs such as the kidneys and liver.
9. Gestational diabetes: A type of diabetes that develops during pregnancy, which can increase the risk of complications for both the mother and the baby.
10. Cholestasis of pregnancy: A condition in which the gallbladder becomes inflamed, leading to abdominal pain and liver dysfunction.

It is important to note that not all large babies will experience these complications, and many can be delivered safely with proper medical care and attention. However, the risk of these complications does increase as the baby's size increases.

In some cases, doctors may recommend delivery by cesarean section (C-section) if they suspect that the baby is too large to pass through the birth canal safely. This decision will be based on a variety of factors, including the mother's health, the baby's size and position, and any other medical conditions or complications that may be present.

Overall, while a big baby can pose some risks during delivery, modern medicine and obstetric care have made it possible to deliver most babies safely, even if they are larger than average. If you have any concerns about your baby's size or your own health during pregnancy, be sure to discuss them with your healthcare provider.

There are several types of placenta previa, classified based on the location of the placenta:

1. Placenta previa partialis: The placenta covers only a part of the cervix.
2. Placenta previa totalis: The placenta covers the entire cervix.
3. Placenta previa accreta: The placenta is attached to the uterine wall and covers the cervix.
4. Placenta previa increta: The placenta is attached to the uterine wall and invades the muscle layer of the uterus.
5. Placenta previa percreta: The placenta is deeply embedded in the uterine muscle and may extent into the surrounding tissues.

Placenta previa can cause complications during pregnancy, such as bleeding, which can be dangerous for both the mother and the baby. The condition is usually diagnosed between 20 and 24 weeks of pregnancy, using ultrasound examination.

In some cases, placenta previa may resolve on its own, but in other cases, it may require medical intervention to prevent complications. Treatment options may include close monitoring, bed rest, or delivery by cesarean section. In severe cases, the baby may need to be delivered prematurely to avoid complications.

It is important for pregnant women to be aware of the signs and symptoms of placenta previa, such as vaginal bleeding, pain in the lower abdomen, or a feeling of the baby "dropping." If any of these symptoms are present, medical attention should be sought immediately. With proper care and management, women with placenta previa can have a healthy pregnancy and a healthy baby.

There are several types of intracranial hemorrhage, including:

1. Cerebral hemorrhage: Bleeding within the cerebral tissue itself, which can cause damage to brain cells and lead to a variety of complications.
2. Subarachnoid hemorrhage: Bleeding between the brain and the thin membrane that covers it (the meninges), which can cause severe headaches and other symptoms.
3. Epidural hemorrhage: Bleeding between the dura mater, a protective layer of tissue surrounding the brain, and the skull.
4. Subdural hemorrhage: Bleeding between the dura mater and the arachnoid membrane, which can cause severe headaches and other symptoms.

The symptoms of intracranial hemorrhage can vary depending on the location and severity of the bleeding, but may include:

* Sudden, severe headache
* Nausea and vomiting
* Confusion and disorientation
* Weakness or numbness in the face, arm, or leg
* Seizures
* Loss of consciousness

Diagnosis is typically made through a combination of physical examination, imaging tests (such as CT or MRI scans), and laboratory tests to determine the cause of the hemorrhage. Treatment depends on the location and severity of the bleeding, but may include medications to control symptoms, surgery to repair the source of the bleeding, or other interventions as needed.

In placenta accreta, the placenta grows into the myometrium (the muscle layer of the uterus) and/or the decidua (the lining of the uterus), rather than just attaching to the surface of the uterus. This can lead to a higher risk of bleeding during pregnancy, labor, and delivery, as well as other complications such as preterm labor and low birth weight.

Placenta accreta is a relatively rare condition, affecting about 1 in 2,500 to 1 in 5,000 births. However, the risk of placenta accreta increases with age, with women over the age of 35 being more likely to experience this condition. Other factors that may increase the risk of placenta accreta include:

* Previous uterine surgery or trauma
* Multiple gestations (twins or triplets)
* History of previous placental abruption (where the placenta separates from the uterus before delivery)
* Family history of placenta accreta
* Certain medical conditions such as high blood pressure or diabetes

There are several ways to diagnose placenta accreta, including:

* Ultrasound: This is the most common method used to diagnose placenta accreta. During an ultrasound, the technician will look for abnormalities in the placement and growth of the placenta.
* Doppler imaging: This test uses sound waves to examine blood flow through the placenta and can help identify any abnormalities.
* Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI): This test uses a strong magnetic field and radio waves to create detailed images of the uterus and placenta.
* Placental biopsy: In this test, a small sample of tissue is taken from the placenta and examined under a microscope for signs of accreta.

There are several ways to treat placenta accreta, including:

* Expectant management: In some cases, the condition may be monitored closely during pregnancy with frequent ultrasound exams and other tests. If the condition is not severe, the pregnancy may be allowed to continue to term and the baby delivered via cesarean section.
* Blood transfusions: If the placenta accreta is causing bleeding, blood transfusions may be necessary to treat anemia.
* Corticosteroids: These medications can help speed up fetal lung maturity in case of preterm delivery.
* Cesarean section: This is often the preferred method of delivery for women with placenta accreta, as it reduces the risk of complications during labor and delivery.
* Hysterectomy: In severe cases, a hysterectomy (removal of the uterus) may be necessary to control bleeding and save the life of the mother.

It is important to note that placenta accreta can be a serious condition and requires close monitoring and careful management by a healthcare provider. Women who have had placenta accreta in a previous pregnancy are at increased risk for recurrence in future pregnancies.

1. Preeclampsia: A condition characterized by high blood pressure during pregnancy, which can lead to complications such as stroke or premature birth.
2. Gestational diabetes: A type of diabetes that develops during pregnancy, which can cause complications for both the mother and the baby if left untreated.
3. Placenta previa: A condition in which the placenta is located low in the uterus, covering the cervix, which can cause bleeding and other complications.
4. Premature labor: Labor that occurs before 37 weeks of gestation, which can increase the risk of health problems for the baby.
5. Fetal distress: A condition in which the fetus is not getting enough oxygen, which can lead to serious health problems or even death.
6. Postpartum hemorrhage: Excessive bleeding after delivery, which can be life-threatening if left untreated.
7. Cesarean section (C-section) complications: Complications that may arise during a C-section, such as infection or bleeding.
8. Maternal infections: Infections that the mother may contract during pregnancy or childbirth, such as group B strep or urinary tract infections.
9. Preterm birth: Birth that occurs before 37 weeks of gestation, which can increase the risk of health problems for the baby.
10. Chromosomal abnormalities: Genetic disorders that may affect the baby's growth and development, such as Down syndrome or Turner syndrome.

It is important for pregnant women to receive regular prenatal care to monitor for any potential complications and ensure a healthy pregnancy outcome. In some cases, pregnancy complications may require medical interventions, such as hospitalization or surgery, to ensure the safety of both the mother and the baby.

Retinal hemorrhage can cause vision loss or blindness if not treated promptly. The bleeding can lead to scarring, which can cause permanent damage to the retina and affect vision. In some cases, retinal hemorrhage can be a sign of a more serious underlying condition that requires immediate medical attention.

Retinal hemorrhage is diagnosed through a comprehensive eye exam, which includes a visual acuity test, dilated eye exam, and imaging tests such as fluorescein angiography or optical coherence tomography. Treatment options for retinal hemorrhage depend on the underlying cause and can include laser surgery, medication, or vitrectomy.

In summary, retinal hemorrhage is a serious condition that can cause vision loss or blindness if not treated promptly. It is essential to seek medical attention if symptoms such as blurred vision, flashes of light, or floaters are noticed. Early detection and treatment can help prevent or reduce vision loss in cases of retinal hemorrhage.

The symptoms of ESS can vary depending on the specific hormone deficiency present and may include:

1. Growth retardation in children
2. Short stature as an adult
3. Delayed puberty or irregular menstrual cycles in females
4. Hypothyroidism (low thyroid hormone levels)
5. Adrenal insufficiency (low cortisol levels)
6. Infertility or irregular menstrual cycles in females
7. Erectile dysfunction or decreased libido in males
8. Fatigue, weakness, and malaise
9. Headaches, vision problems, or other symptoms related to hormone deficiencies.

The exact cause of empty sella syndrome is not fully understood, but it is believed to be due to a combination of genetic and environmental factors. Some cases have been linked to a family history of the condition, while others may be caused by a tumor or other structural abnormality in the pituitary gland.

There is no specific treatment for empty sella syndrome, but hormone replacement therapy may be recommended to treat any underlying hormone deficiencies. In some cases, surgery may be necessary to remove a tumor or other structural abnormality in the pituitary gland. The prognosis for ESS varies depending on the specific cause of the condition and the presence of any underlying hormone deficiencies. With appropriate treatment, many individuals with ESS can lead normal lives, but some may experience ongoing symptoms or complications related to hormone deficiencies.

Eclampsia can occur at any time after the 20th week of pregnancy, but it is more common in the third trimester. It can also occur after delivery, especially in women who have a history of preeclampsia during pregnancy.

Symptoms of eclampsia can include:

1. Seizures or convulsions
2. Loss of consciousness or coma
3. Confusion or disorientation
4. Muscle weakness or paralysis
5. Vision problems or blurred vision
6. Numbness or tingling sensations in the hands and feet
7. Headaches or severe head pain
8. Abdominal pain or discomfort
9. Bladder or bowel incontinence
10. Rapid heart rate or irregular heartbeat.

Eclampsia is a medical emergency that requires immediate attention. Treatment typically involves delivery of the baby, either by cesarean section or vaginal birth, and management of the high blood pressure and any other complications that may have arisen. In some cases, medication may be given to help lower the blood pressure and prevent further seizures.

Preventive measures for eclampsia include regular prenatal care, careful monitoring of blood pressure during pregnancy, and early detection and treatment of preeclampsia. Women who have had preeclampsia in a previous pregnancy or who are at high risk for the condition may be advised to take aspirin or other medications to reduce their risk of developing eclampsia.

In summary, eclampsia is a serious medical condition that can occur during pregnancy and is characterized by seizures or coma caused by high blood pressure. It is a life-threatening complication of preeclampsia and requires immediate medical attention.

The severity of GIH can vary widely, ranging from mild to life-threatening. Mild cases may resolve on their own or with minimal treatment, while severe cases may require urgent medical attention and aggressive intervention.

Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage Symptoms:

* Vomiting blood or passing black tarry stools
* Hematemesis (vomiting blood)
* Melena (passing black, tarry stools)
* Rectal bleeding
* Abdominal pain
* Fever
* Weakness and dizziness

Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage Causes:

* Peptic ulcers
* Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)
* Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD)
* Diverticulosis and diverticulitis
* Cancer of the stomach, small intestine, or large intestine
* Vascular malformations

Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage Diagnosis:

* Physical examination
* Medical history
* Laboratory tests (such as complete blood count and coagulation studies)
* Endoscopy (to visualize the inside of the gastrointestinal tract)
* Imaging studies (such as X-rays, CT scans, or MRI)

Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage Treatment:

* Medications to control bleeding and reduce acid production in the stomach
* Endoscopy to locate and treat the site of bleeding
* Surgery to repair damaged blood vessels or remove a bleeding tumor
* Blood transfusions to replace lost blood

Gastrointestinal Hemorrhage Prevention:

* Avoiding alcohol and spicy foods
* Taking medications as directed to control acid reflux and other gastrointestinal conditions
* Maintaining a healthy diet and lifestyle
* Reducing stress
* Avoiding smoking and excessive caffeine consumption.

The symptoms of hypopituitarism can vary depending on the specific hormone deficiency and can include:

1. Growth hormone deficiency: Short stature, delayed puberty, and decreased muscle mass.
2. Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) deficiency: Weakness, fatigue, weight loss, and low blood pressure.
3. Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) deficiency: Hypothyroidism, decreased metabolism, dry skin, and constipation.
4. Prolactin deficiency: Lack of milk production in lactating women, erectile dysfunction, and infertility.
5. Vasopressin (ADH) deficiency: Increased thirst and urination.
6. Oxytocin deficiency: Difficulty breastfeeding, low milk supply, and uterine atony.

Hypopituitarism can be caused by a variety of factors such as:

1. Traumatic brain injury or surgery
2. Tumors, cysts, or inflammation in the pituitary gland or hypothalamus
3. Radiation therapy
4. Infections such as meningitis or encephalitis
5. Autoimmune disorders such as hypophyseal lymphocytic infiltration
6. Genetic mutations

Diagnosis of hypopituitarism involves a series of tests to assess the levels of hormones in the blood and urine, as well as imaging studies such as MRI or CT scans to evaluate the pituitary gland. Treatment depends on the specific hormone deficiency and can include hormone replacement therapy, surgery, or radiation therapy. In some cases, hypopituitarism may be a temporary condition that resolves once the underlying cause is treated. However, in other cases, it may be a lifelong condition requiring ongoing management.

In conclusion, hypopituitarism is a rare but potentially debilitating disorder that can affect various aspects of human physiology. It is important to be aware of the signs and symptoms of hypopituitarism and seek medical attention if they persist or worsen over time. With proper diagnosis and treatment, individuals with hypopituitarism can lead relatively normal lives.

A vitreous hemorrhage is a type of eye injury that occurs when there is bleeding within the vitreous humor, the gel-like substance that fills the space between the lens and the retina of the eye. This condition can be caused by a variety of factors, such as trauma, disease, or complications during surgery.

Symptoms of Vitreous Hemorrhage[2]

The symptoms of vitreous hemorrhage can vary depending on the severity of the injury, but may include:

* Blurred vision
* Floaters (specks or cobwebs in vision)
* Flashes of light
* Eye pain
* Redness and swelling of the eye
* Sensitivity to light

Treatment of Vitreous Hemorrhage[2]

The treatment of vitreous hemorrhage depends on the underlying cause and severity of the injury. In some cases, the body may absorb the blood over time, and no treatment is necessary. However, if the hemorrhage is severe or causing significant vision loss, surgery may be required to remove the blood and repair any damage to the eye.

Complications of Vitreous Hemorrhage[2]

If left untreated, vitreous hemorrhage can lead to a number of complications, including:

* Glaucoma (increased pressure in the eye)
* Retinal detachment (separation of the retina from the back of the eye)
* Cataract formation
* Infection
* Blindness

Prevention of Vitreous Hemorrhage[2]

While some cases of vitreous hemorrhage cannot be prevented, there are steps that can be taken to reduce the risk of developing this condition. These include:

* Wearing protective eyewear during activities that could potentially cause eye injury
* Avoiding close-range objects or activities that could cause trauma to the eye
* Getting regular eye exams to monitor for any changes or abnormalities in the eye

In conclusion, vitreous hemorrhage is a serious condition that can cause significant vision loss if left untreated. While some cases may resolve on their own over time, others may require surgical intervention to prevent complications and preserve vision. Regular eye exams and protective eyewear can help reduce the risk of developing this condition.

References:

[1] American Academy of Ophthalmology. (2020). Vitreous Hemorrhage. Retrieved from

[2] MedlinePlus. (2020). Vitreous Hemorrhage. Retrieved from

There are several types of eye hemorrhages, including:

1. Subretinal hemorrhage: This type of hemorrhage occurs between the retina and the choroid, and can cause vision loss if the bleeding is severe.
2. Intravitreal hemorrhage: This type of hemorrhage occurs within the vitreous humor, the gel-like substance inside the eye. It can cause clouding of the lens and vision loss.
3. Retinal hemorrhage: This type of hemorrhage occurs on the surface of the retina and can cause vision loss if the bleeding is severe.
4. Choroidal hemorrhage: This type of hemorrhage occurs within the choroid, the layer of blood vessels between the sclera and retina. It can cause vision loss if the bleeding is severe.

Eye hemorrhages can be diagnosed through a comprehensive eye exam, which includes visual acuity testing, dilated eye examination, and imaging tests such as fluorescein angiography or optical coherence tomography (OCT). Treatment for eye hemorrhages depends on the underlying cause and severity of the condition. In some cases, no treatment may be necessary, while in other cases, medication or surgery may be required to prevent further bleeding and restore vision.

Within maternal deaths due to hemorrhage, two-thirds are caused by postpartum hemorrhage. The causes of postpartum hemorrhage ... Mathai M, Gülmezoglu AM, Hill S (2007). WHO recommendations for the prevention of postpartum haemorrhage (PDF) (Report). Geneva ... Bienstock, Jessica L.; Eke, Ahizechukwu C.; Hueppchen, Nancy A. (29 April 2021). "Postpartum Hemorrhage". The New England ... Postpartum depression is different from the "baby blues". With postpartum depression, feelings of sadness and anxiety can be ...
... or postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) is often defined as the loss of more than 500 ml or 1,000 ml of blood ... "Overview of postpartum hemorrhage". Archived from the original on 2015-01-15. Peña-Martí, G; Comunián-Carrasco, G (17 October ... Weeks, A (January 2015). "The prevention and treatment of postpartum haemorrhage: what do we know, and where do we go to next ... Postpartum hemorrhage and the B-Lynch technique (Webarchive template wayback links, Articles with short description, Short ...
Severe acute bleeding, such as caused by ectopic pregnancy and post-partum hemorrhage, leads to hypovolemia (the depletion of ... "Postpartum Hemorrhage". Techniques in Vascular and Interventional Radiology. 20 (4): 266-273. doi:10.1053/j.tvir.2017.10.007. ...
Andersen, H. Frank; Hopkins, Michael P. (2009). "Postpartum Hemorrhage". The Global Library of Women's Medicine. doi:10.3843/ ... Symptoms include postpartum bleeding, abdominal pain, a mass in the vagina, and low blood pressure. Rarely inversion may occur ... Uterine inversion is often associated with significant postpartum bleeding. Traditionally it was thought that it presented with ...
... is a non-surgical method of treating refractory postpartum hemorrhage. Once postpartum hemorrhage has been identified and ... Postpartum hemorrhage is the leading cause of maternal mortality worldwide In low-resource settings, timely access to surgical ... If bleeding has ceased, balloons are left in place for anywhere from 24-36 hours in order to control postpartum hemorrhage, or ... Johnson M, Theron G, De Villiers C, Smit N, De Villiers A, Koekemoer N. Postpartum haemorrhage managed with Ellavi UBT free ...
Asian and Hispanic women are at disparate risk of postpartum hemorrhage due to uterine atony compared to other women. Black ... Black, Asian, and Pacific Islander women are at increased risk of hysterectomy due to postpartum hemorrhage compared to white ... Black women are more likely to die from postpartum hemorrhage than women from other racial groups. Disparities in Black ... "Postpartum hemorrhage outcomes and race". American Journal of Obstetrics & Gynecology. 219 (2): 185.e1-185.e10. doi:10.1016/j. ...
Postpartum hemorrhage Maternal death "Products , Cook Medical". www.cookmedical.com. Abouzahr C. Antepartum and postpartum ... The device is used for the temporary control and reduction of postpartum hemorrhage (PPH). According to the World Health ... The Bakri Balloon is a silicone, obstetrical balloon specifically designed to treat postpartum hemorrhage (PPH). The device is ... The combination of intrauterine balloon tamponade and the B-Lynch procedure for the treatment of severe postpartum hemorrhage. ...
... intrapartum hemorrhage, and post-partum hemorrhage. Failure to progress occurs when the labor process slows or stops entirely, ... Post-partum hemorrhage is defined by the loss of at least 1,000 mL of blood accompanied with symptoms of hypovolemia within 24 ... Post-partum hemorrhage is usually attributed to uterus atony, when the uterus fails to contract after delivering the baby. As a ... "How is postpartum hemorrhage prevented?". www.medscape.com. Retrieved 2021-09-13. Ray, C. Le; Fraser, W.; Rozenberg, P.; Langer ...
Postpartum hemorrhage, also known as PPH, is defined as a loss of 500 mL or greater of blood within 24 hours after giving birth ... The most common cause of postpartum hemorrhage is a loss of muscle tone in the uterus. Normally, the uterus will contract to ... Uterotonics are used both to induce labor and to reduce postpartum hemorrhage. Labor induction in the third trimester of ... Ergometrine is often used alongside oxytocin to treat postpartum hemorrhaging and has been found to more effective than the ...
Arora, Mala; Walavalkar, Rajalaxmi (2013). World Clinics: Obstetrics & Gynecology: Postpartum Hemorrhage. JP Medical Ltd. p. ... Mackeen, AD; Packard, RE; Ota, E; Speer, L (2 February 2015). "Antibiotic regimens for postpartum endometritis". The Cochrane ...
Lee, NK; Kim, S; Lee, JW; Sol, YL; Kim, CW; Hyun Sung, K; Jang, HJ; Suh, DS (April 2010). "Postpartum hemorrhage: Clinical and ... Post partum blood clot is more common, reported in up to 24% of postpartum patients, and tends to be more hypoechoic than ... The normal post partum uterus is usually less than 2 cm in thickness, and continues to involute on follow up scans to 7 mm or ... The presence of gas raises the possibility of post partum endometritis, though this can also be seen in up to 21% of normal ...
A randomised control trial of misoprostol use found a 38% reduction in maternal deaths due to post partum haemorrhage in ... Sanghvi H, Zulkarnain M, Chanpong G (2009). Blouse A, Lewison D (eds.). Prevention of Postpartum Hemorrhage at Home Birth: A ... Bradley SE, Prata N, Young-Lin N, Bishai DM (April 2007). "Cost-effectiveness of misoprostol to control postpartum hemorrhage ... Blum J, Alfirevic Z, Walraven G, Weeks A, Winikoff B (December 2007). "Treatment of postpartum hemorrhage with misoprostol". ...
Postpartum anemia is common after an episode of uterine atony and postpartum hemorrhage. Severe anemia due to PPH may require ... Across the globe, postpartum hemorrhage is among the top five causes of maternal death. Recognition of the warning signs of ... In most cases of uterine atony-related postpartum hemorrhage, the amount of iron lost is not fully replaced by the transfused ... Wetta LA, Szychowski JM, Seals S, Mancuso MS, Biggio JR, Tita AT (2013). "Risk factors for uterine atony/postpartum hemorrhage ...
Smith JR (2022-04-01). "Postpartum Hemorrhage: Practice Essentials, Problem, Epidemiology". Medscape. Demisse GA, Sifer SD, ... Obstetrical hemorrhage may be due to a number of factors such as placenta previa, uterine rupture or tears, uterine atony, ... The World Health Organization makes a distinction between the use of postpartum care when it concerns the care of the mother ... Obstetrics is the field of study concentrated on pregnancy, childbirth and the postpartum period. As a medical specialty, ...
... treatment and prevention of postpartum hemorrhage; postabortion care; prevention of cervical cancer. HIV and AIDS, including: ...
Dahlke, JD; Bhalwal, A; Chauhan, SP (June 2017). "Obstetric Emergencies: Shoulder Dystocia and Postpartum Hemorrhage". ... Complications for the mother may include vaginal or perineal tears, postpartum bleeding, or uterine rupture. Risk factors ... Postpartum bleeding (11%) Perineal lacerations that extend into the anal sphincter Pubic symphysis separation Neuropathy of ...
Post-Partum Hemorrhaging (PPH) is believed to be a predictor of Sheehan's syndrome, so the symptoms of anemia, obesity, and ... The specific association with postpartum shock or hemorrhage was described in 1937 by the British pathologist Harold Leeming ... Schrager S, Sabo L (September 2001). "Sheehan syndrome: a rare complication of postpartum hemorrhage". The Journal of the ... According to Sheehan in 1939 approximately 41% of survivors of severe postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) and/or hypovolemic shock ...
Condoms used as uterine tamponades have also been effective in stopping post-partum hemorrhage. Some maternal deaths can be ... Shah, Monjri; Wright, Jason D. (April 2009). "Surgical intervention in the management of postpartum hemorrhage". Seminars in ... Adolescents have higher risks for postpartum hemorrhage, endometritis, operative vaginal delivery, episiotomy, low birth weight ... Injectable oxytocin can be used to prevent death due to postpartum bleeding. Additionally, postpartum infections can be treated ...
Maternal mortality is around 12%. Uterine hemorrhage can occur during the postpartum recovery. Ehlers-Danlos syndromes are ... postpartum depression (more than the general population), and healing from the birthing process. While 12 of the 13 subtypes of ...
"Treatment for primary postpartum haemorrhage." Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 2 (2014). Ker, Katharine, Phil Edwards, ... "WHO , WHO updates recommendation on intravenous tranexamic acid for the treatment of postpartum haemorrhage". WHO. Mudur, G.S ... their guidance from 2012 to recommend the use of tranexamic acid within three hours of birth when postpartum haemorrhage is ...
These contractions are necessary to prevent post-partum haemorrhage. When the infant suckles or stimulates the nipple, oxytocin ... "Breastfeeding or nipple stimulation for reducing postpartum haemorrhage in the third stage of labour". The Cochrane Database of ... Davidson, Michele (2014). Fast facts for the antepartum and postpartum nurse: a nursing orientation and care guide in a ... "Prevalence and factors associated with cracked nipples in the first month postpartum". BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth. 16 (1): ...
Sayeba Akhter and has since been supported by health workers worldwide as an effective method to stop post partum hemorrhage, ... In the uterus, balloon tamponade can alleviate or stop postpartum hemorrhage. Inflating a Sengstaken-Blakemore tube in the ... Bakri Balloon Tamponade (BBT), designed for postpartum hemorrhage, is an effective life-saving balloon. A recent study ... A Bakri balloon is a balloon tamponade specifically constructed for uterine postpartum hemorrhage. ...
Jansen, A. J. G.; van Rhenen, D. J.; Steegers, E. a. P.; Duvekot, J. J. (October 2005). "Postpartum hemorrhage and transfusion ... Treatment of postpartum hemorrhage is multifactorial and includes medical management, surgical management along with blood ... Tunçalp, Ő; Souza, JP; Gűlmezoglu, M (Dec 2013). "New WHO recommendations on prevention and treatment of postpartum hemorrhage ... Additional complications may include postpartum haemorrhage, preeclampsia, cesarean delivery, and infections. Iron deficiency ...
At the time she created the UBT, around 40% of maternal deaths in Bangladesh occurred due to postpartum haemorrhage. She ... "Use of a condom to control massive postpartum hemorrhage". MedGenMed: Medscape General Medicine. 5 (3): 38. ISSN 1531-0132. ... saving mothers from suffering postpartum bleeding. The approach became known as Saeyba's Method, and has been taught to doctors ...
Sheehan, H. L. (14 May 1949). "Retained Placenta and Post-Partum Haemorrhage". Br Med J. 1 (4610): 849-851. doi:10.1136/bmj. ... This paper, rather than Sheehan's earlier papers on pituitary necrosis, led to the syndrome of post-partum pituitary necrosis ... with J. C. Davis: Post-partum hypopituitarism. Springfield, Illinois: C. C. Thomas. 1982. Sheehan's syndrome at Who Named It? " ... between concealed accidental haemorrhage and renal cortical necrosis and recognized that obstetrical shock and haemorrhage ...
Routine use of fundal massage can prevent postpartum or post-abortion hemorrhage and can reduce pain; it may also reduce the ... ISBN 978-0-7817-8807-6. WHO Guidelines for the Management of Postpartum Haemorrhage and Retained Placenta. World Health ... "Uterine massage for preventing postpartum haemorrhage". The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 7 (7): CD006431. doi: ...
... for the treatment of severe atonic postpartum hemorrhage after vaginal delivery, and for removal of the placenta in patients ... "Prostaglandin E2 analogue sulprostone for treatment of atonic postpartum hemorrhage". Obstetrics and Gynecology. 118 (2 Pt 1): ...
Cause of one maternal death was due to Postpartum hemorrhage. The decrease of infant and maternal death rate for the year ...
None of the nurses knew how to treat postpartum hemorrhage. It's worth noting that the nurses are saying: "We don't know how to ... The family is helpless, and Fengxia dies from postpartum hemorrhage (severe blood loss). The point is made that the doctor ate ... However, Fengxia begins to hemorrhage, and the nurses panic, admitting that they do not know what to do. The family and nurses ...
Vivien begins to postpartum hemorrhage due to the larger child. Violet appears and urges her to let go and join her in the ...
Pituitary necrosis following postpartum haemorrhage (Sheehan's syndrome) leads to failure and atrophy of the gonads, adrenal ... "Postpartum psychosis". 11 February 2021. Osborne, LM (September 2018). "Recognizing and Managing Postpartum Psychosis: A ... just over half early postpartum onset, 20% each late postpartum and prepartum onset, and the rest post-abortion and weaning ... Risk of postpartum relapse in bipolar disorder and postpartum psychosis: a systematic review and meta-analysis. American ...
"Scaling Up Misoprostol to Prevent Postpartum Hemorrhage at Home Births in Mozambique: A Case Study Applying the ExpandNet/WHO ... "Responding to the health needs of women from migrant and refugee backgrounds-Models of maternity and postpartum care in high- ...
These complications range from anemia, malaria, HIV and other STIs, postpartum bleeding and other postpartum complications, ... hemorrhage, tetanus or sepsis (bacterial infection), urine retention, open sores in the genital region and injury to nearby ...
... and a calabash of hot water was placed on the abdomen to stop postpartum hemorrhage and bleeding. Although many people have ... Mothers receive postpartum teaching from the older women in the community. In the early postpartum period, there is great ... The older women in the compound or community look after women in their postpartum period and assist with cleaning the baby and ... Breastfeeding and postpartum abstinence is mandatory.[citation needed] Both mother and baby receive massages using shea-butter ...
... disease Sickle cell disease Eclampsia or postpartum vasculopathy Infection Vasculitis Neonatal intraventricular hemorrhage ... This hemorrhage rarely extends into the ventricular system. Nontraumatic intraparenchymal hemorrhage most commonly results from ... Clinical manifestations of intraparenchymal hemorrhage are determined by the size and location of hemorrhage, but may include ... The other form is intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH). Intraparenchymal hemorrhage accounts for approximately 8-13% of all ...
... and handling postpartum hemorrhage, maternal and infant health in India could improve dramatically. The other 63 percent of ... On the ninth day postpartum, a ceremony to name the child is conducted at the site of the placental burial. A male baby is ... The postpartum period begins after the delivery of the placenta. In Hindu communities, a "sutak" or "pollution confinement" ... Many women are advised to avoid cold foods to avoid sickness, and have more hot foods during the postpartum period to relieve ...
The mother can lose blood and can have a haemorrhage; they may need a blood transfusion. placenta previa, where in the placenta ... "Health outcomes of smoking during pregnancy and the postpartum period: an umbrella review". BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth. 21 (1 ... There can also be complications, such as maternal hemorrhage. According to a 1999 meta-analysis published in The American ...
... 's main use is in the obstetrical emergency of postpartum hemorrhage which reduces postpartum bleeding during these ... Used in postpartum hemorrhage caused by uterine atony not controlled by other methods. One study has shown that carboprost ... "A comparison of oxytocin and carboprost tromethamine in the prevention of postpartum hemorrhage in high-risk patients ... tromethamine is more effective than oxytocin in preventing postpartum hemorrhage in high-risk patients undergoing cesarean ...
The biggest postpartum ritual in Mexico is the idea of the cuarentena (Postpartum confinement). This is a forty-day postpartum ... She (the midwife) will bring an oxygen tank, Doppler unit, Pitocin and methergine in case of hemorrhage, herbal tinctures, ... Postpartum visits will often include family planning and teaching; still there are some similar beliefs across the board about ... They will have follow up family planning visits one month into the postpartum period, women are then encouraged to have annual ...
See in particular: Postpartum depression, Attachment theory, Human bonding, Interpersonal relationship, Interpersonal ... Cerebral hemorrhage, Subdural hematoma, Aneurysm, Hydrocephalus ("water on the brain"), Cerebral shunt, Meningioma (tumors), ...
It was used for the induction of labor prior to birth and for the treatment of post-partum hemorrhage (from vasopressin's ...
P. multiflora is used to treat postpartum hemorrhage, P. pinnatifida is used as a sedative, and P. purpurata is used as an anti ...
... malpractice miscarriage or stillbirth obstetric fistula obstetric hemorrhage Pelvic girdle pain placenta praevia pre-eclampsia ... positions Contraction Presentation Breech birth Cephalic presentation Shoulder presentation Rupture of membranes Postpartum ...
The most common causes of postpartum hemorrhage are lack of tone in the uterus from overstretching or the use of an anesthetic ... Carbetocin also functions to thicken the blood, further preventing post-partum hemorrhage. Carbetocin should not be used to ... 2018), "Development and stability of a heat-stable formulation of carbetocin for the prevention of postpartum haemorrhage for ... Administration is performed immediately following parturition to minimize risk of postpartum hemorrhage by inducing uterine ...
Cranial ultrasound can identify intracranial hemorrhage, intraventricular hemorrhage, large cerebral sinus venous thrombosis ... The timing that a stroke occurs varies between the 140th day of the pregnancy period and the 28th postpartum day among those ... "Surgery for Intracerebral Hemorrhage". Weill Cornell Brain and Spine Center. 2012-12-20. Retrieved 2020-04-06. "Decompressive ... This will lead to intracranial hypertension, cerebral ischemia or wide spreading hemorrhage which may result in a permanent ...
... "vitreous hemorrhage") or between the vitreous membrane and retina ("preretinal hemorrhage"). The same guidelines separately ... and for a year post partum. The ICO recommends eye examinations for those with diabetes include a visual acuity examination and ... Those with severe NPDR have 20+ retinal hemorrhages in each quadrant of the retina, a distinctive pattern of damage on the ... Studies show that people who have a vitrectomy soon after a large hemorrhage are more likely to protect their vision than ...
Surgery is considered when the cyst is considered malignant or when signs of torsion and hemorrhage are present. Removal of the ... followed by regression several months post-partum. Maternal virilization can be seen in up to 30 percent of people with this ... Theca lutein cysts have the potential to rupture and hemorrhage resulting in acute abdominal pain as well as intraperitoneal ... In most cases, however, abdominal symptoms are minimal and restricted to peritoneal irritation from cyst hemorrhage. Due to the ...
... mental health services by patients who are transferred prisoners In-hospital maternal death from post-partum haemorrhage after ...
... postpartum haemorrhage) Misoprostol - (postpartum haemorrhage) Magnesium sulfate - (eclampsia and severe pre-eclampsia) ...
Antepartum hemorrhage Malpresentation Abnormal placentation Postpartum hemorrhage Placenta previa increases the risk of ... antepartum hemorrhage and postpartum hemorrhage), which is a major cause of maternal and infant mortality in countries like ... Fan, D; Xia, Q; Liu, L; Wu, S; Tian, G; Wang, W; Wu, S; Guo, X; Liu, Z (2017). "The Incidence of Postpartum Hemorrhage in ... puerperal sepsis and postpartum hemorrhage because the lower segment to which the placenta was attached contracts less well ...
Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) for severe recurrent hemorrhages It is named after Eduard Glanzmann (1887-1959 ... heavy menstrual bleeding easy bruising nosebleeds Bleeding from the gums gastrointestinal bleeding postpartum bleeding ... potentially fatal hemorrhages. Moreover, platelet αIIbβ3 levels correlate poorly with hemorrhagic severity, as virtually ...
In 1818, Blundell proposed that a blood transfusion would be appropriate to treat severe postpartum hemorrhage. He had seen ... English obstetrician who performed the first successful transfusion of human blood to a patient for treatment of a haemorrhage ...
The highest rate of uterine perforation appears to be in the setting of postpartum hemorrhage (5.1%) compared with a lower rate ... a D&C may be indicated to remove retained placental tissue that does not pass spontaneously or for postpartum hemorrhage. D&Cs ... in those who had a D&C 1-4 weeks postpartum. Untreated Asherman's syndrome, especially if severe, also increases the risk of ...
... is an expected finding in healthy women during the post-partum period and is not a cause for alarm unless ... hemorrhage, and exposure to certain medications or chemicals including steroids. For lung diseases such as pneumonia and ...
Early postpartum hemorrhage is described as that occurring within the first 24 hours after delivery. Late postpartum hemorrhage ... 12] Cesarean delivery is associated with a 6.4% incidence of postpartum hemorrhage. Delayed postpartum hemorrhage occurs in 1-2 ... Three psychiatric disorders may arise in the postpartum period: postpartum blues, postpartum depression (PPD), and postpartum ... or rectally for postpartum hemorrhage treatment. Vaginal administration in the setting of postpartum hemorrhage is not ...
The Post Partum Haemorrhage Module offers a realistic simulation of an atonic and contracting uterus. ...
2012)‎. WHO recommendations for the prevention and treatment of postpartum haemorrhage. World Health Organization. https:// ...
Economic Assessment of Interventions for Reducing Postpartum Hemorrhage in Developing Countries Seligman, Barbara and Xingzhu ...
Several state maternal morbidity and mortality committees have reviewed areas of opportunity concerning postpartum hemorrhage ... Postpartum hemorrhage remains a leading cause of maternal morbidity and mortality in the United States. ... A key component of this focus involves the implementation of stage-based hemorrhage protocols for postpartum hemorrhage ... Postpartum hemorrhage protocols and benchmarks: improving care through standardization Jerome J Federspiel 1 , Ahizechukwu C ...
Postpartum Hemorrhage. Hemorrhage. Pathologic Processes. Obstetric Labor Complications. Pregnancy Complications. Female ... High risk for postpartum hemorrhage is defined by one or more of the following features:. *suspected placenta accreta by pre- ... Rotational Thromboelastometry for the Transfusion Management of Postpartum Hemorrhage After Vaginal or Cesarean Delivery. The ... Postpartum hemorrhage is increasing in incidence in the United States, renewing interest in targeted approaches to transfusion ...
... and inexpensive means to prevent postpartum hemorrhage, a major killer of women in developing countries. The study was ... Drug Prevents PostPartum Hemorrhage in Resource Poor Settings Advance Has Potential to Save Thousands of Lives. Thursday, ... Postpartum hemorrhage is excessive bleeding experienced by the mother after giving birth. The condition can result from failure ... The comparable rate in the U.S. is about 10 maternal deaths per 100,000 births, with postpartum hemorrhage accounting for about ...
The association between postpartum hemorrhage and postpartum depression: A Swedish national register-based study. Liu C, ... Postpartum haemorrhage in Umbria: accuracy of the regional health information system for the code ICD-9-CM 666.x.]. Abraha I, ... Accuracy of postpartum hemorrhage coding in the Swedish Pregnancy Register. Ladfors LV, Muraca GM, Butwick A, Edgren G, ... Accuracy of postpartum hemorrhage coding in the Swedish Pregnancy Register. Ladfors LV, Muraca GM, Butwick A, Edgren G, ...
... abnormal postpartum uterine bleeding or hemorrhage when conservative management is warranted. The incidence of postpartum ... Postpartum hemorrhage is one of the most common complications of birthi ... September 17, 2017-March 25, 2020). Safety and Effectiveness of the Jada System in Treating Primary Postpartum Hemorrhage ( ... "Postpartum hemorrhage continues to be one of the most common complications of childbirth and this recent FDA clearance supports ...
For each case of postpartum haemorrhage, the case of a woman who had had postpartum haemorrhage and had been admitted to the ... mismanagement of postpartum haemorrhage; 4) delay in deciding to refer the woman with postpartum haemorrhage to hospital; 5) ... of all maternal deaths and almost half of postpartum deaths are related to postpartum haemorrhage (5). The rate of postpartum ... to investigate the cause of maternal death from postpartum haemorrhage.. The main problems in managing postpartum haemorrhage ...
... outlines the details of a case relating to postpartum haemorrhage with a second degree perineal tear in a regional hospital. ... The haemorrhage occurred following the birth of the plaintiffs baby.. Details of case. Various initial steps were taken to ... a regional hospital alleging that the hospital failed to take sufficient steps to stop a significant postpartum haemorrhage on ...
Start Over You searched for: Subjects Postpartum Hemorrhage -- surgery ✖Remove constraint Subjects: Postpartum Hemorrhage -- ... Postpartum Hemorrhage -- surgery. Postpartum Period. Pregnant Women. Uterine Hemorrhage -- surgery. Humans. Pennsylvania. ... Postpartum Hemorrhage -- surgery 3. Pregnancy-related unplanned returns to the operating room ... Postpartum Hemorrhage -- surgery. Resuscitation. Infant 2. Gastro-hysterectomy, or the recent modification of the Caesarean ...
Copyright 2023 Foundation for Women & Girls with Blood Disorders Nonprofit Web Design by NMC.. ...
Postpartum hemorrhage.. Watkins, Elyse J; Stem, Kelley. JAAPA ; 33(4): 29-33, 2020 Apr. ... Postpartum hemorrhage is the leading cause of maternal morbidity and mortality worldwide, and incidence in the United States, ... Women of color are at a disproportionate risk of developing a life-threatening postpartum hemorrhage. Risk assessment tools are ... Early identification of and intervention in a hemorrhage requires an interdisciplinary team approach to care and can save the ...
Totally 47 pregnant women with postpartum hemorrhage secondary to lower uterine segment atony in vaginal delivery or after ... this new technique could be a complementary treatment for postpartum hemorrhage. ... To assess the efficacy and safety of bilateral-contralateral cervix clamp firstly applied in postpartum hemorrhage caused by ... From: The new clinical application of bilateral-contralateral cervix clamp in postpartum hemorrhage: a retrospective cohort ...
Tag: post partum hemorrhage. Experience from the use of absorbable type I collagen as haemostatic agent in obstetric and ... Posted in Volume 10 (2006) - Issue 4 Tagged caesarian section, gynecological operations, post partum hemorrhage, type I ...
... familiarize and enhance your nursing knowledge on Postpartum Hemorrhage by taking this 10 NCLEX style questions . ... Postpartum Hemorrhage Practice Exam (PM)*. Please wait while the activity loads.. If this activity does not load, try ... 6. Which measure would be least effective in preventing postpartum hemorrhage?. *Administer Methergine 0.2 mg every 6 hours for ... Methergine and pitocin are agents that are used to prevent or control postpartum hemorrhage by contracting the uterus. They ...
Postpartum Hemorrhage. Increased blood pressure. In the postpartum hemorrhage series, 5/115 (4%) of patients had an increase of ... HEMABATE is indicated for the treatment of postpartum hemorrhage due to uterine atony which has not responded to conventional ... chorioamnionitis was identified as a complication contributing to postpartum uterine atony and hemorrhage in 8/115 (7%) of ... 2. For Refractory Postpartum Uterine Bleeding. An initial dose of 250 micrograms of HEMABATE Sterile Solution (1 mL of HEMABATE ...
Key Words: Post partum hemorrhage, Risk factors, complicated labour.. Citation of articles: Gulbaz S, Zafar S, Rehman S. Post ... Post Partum Hemorrhage; Risk Factors and Management among Women Presenting to a THQ Hospital. Sara Gulbaz1, Shahnilah Zafar2 ... Blood loss during post partum hemorrhage was estimated on the basis of visual parameters, history and signs of anemia in ... Out of them 2.2% cases developed post partum hemorrhage. Ages of these cases were 15 to 37 years with mean age of 25 years. Out ...
WHO recommendations for the prevention and treatment of postpartum haemorrhage(in IRIS). by World Health Organization. ... WHO guidelines for the management of postpartum haemorrhage and retained placenta. by World Health Organization. ...
Postpartum hemorrhage is bleeding that occurs after childbirth. It is one of the most common obstetric emergencies, its the ... Minor postpartum hemorrhage is defined as being less than 1,000 milliliters blood loss, and major postpartum hemorrhage means ... Major postpartum hemorrhage can be divided further into moderate postpartum hemorrhage if blood loss is 1,000-2,000 milliliters ... A different way classify postpartum hemorrhage is primary postpartum hemorrhage (bleeding is within 24 hours of delivery) ...
Alona White died from postpartum hemorrhage giving birth in Detroit. Her family members claim she was perfectly healthy. ... Two weeks ago, Alona White died from postpartum hemorrhage giving birth in Detroit. Family members of the deceased new mother ... The family is waiting for an autopsys results to understand how and why the postpartum hemorrhage happened. Meanwhile, a ...
Coagulation management and transfusion in massive postpartum hemorrhage.. Christina Massoth, Manuel Wenk, Patrick Meybohm, ... guidelines differ in definitions and recommendations on managing transfusion and hemostasis in massive postpartum hemorrhage ( ...
Postpartum hemorrhage. *Obstetric lacerations. *Episiotomy. *Instrumental delivery (forceps delivery). *Stillbirth or early ... If a refugee patient has recently given birth (either domestically or overseas), issues or questions related to the postpartum ... Pregnancy Testing and Initial Prenatal and Postpartum Care. Pregnancy testing should be performed at the initial screening ...
G-FINDER publishes report on postpartum hemorrhage devices The report provides a snapshot of the R&D landscape for devices in ... use or investigated for treatment of postpartum hemorrhage (PPH). PPH is the leading cause of maternal mortality worldwide ...
The epidemiology of postpartum hemorrhage: United States 1998 to 2010 , ...
EFFICACY OF SUBLINGUAL MISOPROSTOL VERSUS INTRAMUSCULAR METHYLERGOMETRINE IN PREVENTION OF PRIMARY POSTPARTUM HEMORRHAGE ...
Postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) is the leading cause of maternal death all over the world. It could be primary or secondary with ... Classification of postpartum hemorrhage. Primary postpartum hemorrhage. It occurs within 24 h of delivery. It is due to the ... Postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) is the leading cause of maternal death all over the world. It could be primary or secondary with ... Updates in the perioperative management of postpartum hemorrhage. *Ghada M. Samir. ORCID: orcid.org/0000-0001-6136-98461 ...
... the mother can lose a large amount of blood via postpartum haemorrhage. There is no haemorrhage from the blood vessels in the ... Weeks, A. (2015). The prevention and treatment of postpartum haemorrhage: what do we know, and where do we go to next?. BJOG: ... To find the answer to this I had to find out the prevention measures and management of Postpartum Haemorrhage (PPH). ... Hofmeyr, G. J., Abdel‐Aleem, H., & Abdel‐Aleem, M. A. (2008). Uterine massage for preventing postpartum haemorrhage. Cochrane ...
Postpartum hemorrhage. 9.23. 12.57. ,0.001. 10.74. DVT or PE. 0.06. 0.53. ,0.001. 8.77. ...
  • The aim of this study is to evaluate the impact of a rotational thromboelastometry (ROTEM®)-based transfusion protocol during postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) after vaginal or cesarean delivery. (clinicaltrials.gov)
  • However, larger-scale randomized evaluation of this transfusion approach is warranted for women who experience hemorrhage after vaginal or cesarean delivery. (clinicaltrials.gov)
  • Primary postpartum haemorrhage is defined as vaginal bleeding of more than 500 ml after childbirth (7). (who.int)
  • Cervical and vaginal tears can cause PP hemorrhage but are less common occurrences in the PP period. (rnpedia.com)
  • Doctors will classify a mother as suffering from postpartum hemorrhage, if she suffers a loss of blood of at least 500 milliliters following a vaginal delivery, or at least 1,000 milliliters after a cesarean section (C-section). (pregistry.com)
  • Uterinecavernous hemangioma can cause persistent vaginal bleeding or massive hemorrhage and can lead to severe pregnancy complications. (imrpress.com)
  • A recently published research asked: Is the increase in postpartum haemorrhage after vaginal birth because of altered clinical practice? (maternalhealthmatters.org.au)
  • Is the increase in postpartum hemorrhage after vaginal birth because of altered clinical practice? (maternalhealthmatters.org.au)
  • STUDY DESIGN The study population is a cohort of vaginal delivery and cesarean section patients with severe postpartum hemorrhage secondary to uterine atony. (nih.gov)
  • To evaluate risk factors of post partum hemorrhage and its management among women presenting to a tertiary care hospital. (medforum.pk)
  • Women presenting to the study hospital with post partum hemorrhage or developed it after admission during study period were included in this study. (medforum.pk)
  • Blood loss during post partum hemorrhage was estimated on the basis of visual parameters, history and signs of anemia in patients. (medforum.pk)
  • Out of them 2.2% cases developed post partum hemorrhage. (medforum.pk)
  • Although post partum hemorrhage has low prevalence but it can lead to lethal complications and can be fatal. (medforum.pk)
  • Post partum hemorrhage, Risk factors, complicated labour. (medforum.pk)
  • Post-partum hemorrhage and its treatment. (nih.gov)
  • WHO guidelines for the management of postpartum haemorrhage and retained placenta. (who.int)
  • If only part of the placenta is delivered after the baby is born and the rest is still attached to the womb, the mother can lose a large amount of blood via postpartum haemorrhage . (stackexchange.com)
  • There is no haemorrhage from the blood vessels in the womb if the placenta has detached. (stackexchange.com)
  • Postpartum hemorrhage is increasing in incidence in the United States, renewing interest in targeted approaches to transfusion during cesarean delivery. (clinicaltrials.gov)
  • Patients who experience postpartum hemorrhage will receive standard of care for labor and delivery, cesarean delivery, and postpartum care. (clinicaltrials.gov)
  • Tranexamic acid slows the natural breakdown of blood clots and was considered promising for reducing the risk of excessive bleeding after giving birth-known as postpartum hemorrhage-after cesarean delivery. (nih.gov)
  • Researchers sought to determine the effectiveness of the drug for patients undergoing cesarean delivery who did not have hemorrhaging at the time of treatment. (nih.gov)
  • However, the study found that patients who received tranexamic acid had less need for additional medical or surgical interventions to treat postpartum hemorrhage, compared to the placebo group (16.1% versus 18%), and a lower drop in red blood cell count after cesarean delivery (1.8 grams per deciliter versus 1.9 grams per deciliter). (nih.gov)
  • Tranexamic acid to prevent obstetrical hemorrhage after cesarean delivery. (nih.gov)
  • The rate of postpartum haemorrhage has been reported to have increased in some high-income countries mainly because of atonic postpartum haemorrhage (6). (who.int)
  • Studies targeted at defining the perfect pharmacologic approaches for the administration of uterine atony are required especially in light from the raising occurrence of atonic postpartum hemorrhage in america and other created countries. (cancerrealitycheck.com)
  • In developed countries, oxytocin is the standard drug used to prevent postpartum hemorrhage, explained Nancy Moss, the NICHD author and project officer for the study. (nih.gov)
  • After the training interventions, more midwives used more than one method to estimate blood loss and higher doses of oxytocin to control haemorrhage. (who.int)
  • Additionally, active management of the third stage of labor by giving oxytocin (intramuscular) to the mother makes postpartum hemorrhage less likely. (pregistry.com)
  • Coagulation management and transfusion in massive postpartum hemorrhage. (qxmd.com)
  • Current guidelines differ in definitions and recommendations on managing transfusion and hemostasis in massive postpartum hemorrhage (PPH). (qxmd.com)
  • Birth induction may increase incidences of postpartum hemorrhage and blood transfusion. (greenmedinfo.com)
  • Similarly, the current proposals of transfusion therapy in severe or massive hemorrhage point to early transfusion of blood products and use of fresh frozen plasma, in addition to packed red blood cells, to prevent maternal deaths. (nih.gov)
  • The researchers reported the results as a single primary outcome of events that might be expected with postpartum hemorrhage, the need for a transfusion of red blood cells or death. (nih.gov)
  • The answer to my question is that contraction of the uterine muscles during labour compresses the blood vessels and reduces flow, thereby increasing the likelihood of coagulation and preventing haemorrhage ( Carroll, 2007 ). (stackexchange.com)
  • A 23-year old woman with cutaneous hemangiomas presented for caesarean delivery of her second child nine days after successful delivery, she was admitted with severe postpartum hemorrhage and disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC). (imrpress.com)
  • Changes in the coagulation mechanism should be monitored closely during postpartum, and clinicians should be aware of the possibility of fibrinolytic hyperactivity. (imrpress.com)
  • Severe antepartum, intrapartum and postpartum bleeding is still the leading cause of maternal death (1,3). (who.int)
  • Major postpartum hemorrhage can be divided further into moderate postpartum hemorrhage if blood loss is 1,000-2,000 milliliters and severe postpartum hemorrhage, if more than 2,000 milliliters. (pregistry.com)
  • To identify risk factors for severe postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) ≥1000 ml in women giving birth vaginally. (maternalhealthmatters.org.au)
  • Severe postpartum hemorrhage from uterine atony: a multicentric study. (nih.gov)
  • The objective of our study was to evaluate multicenter PPH cases during a 10-month period, and evaluate severe postpartum hemorrhage management. (nih.gov)
  • RESULTS Total live births during the study period were 124,019 with 218 patients (0.17%) with severe postpartum hemorrhage (SPHH). (nih.gov)
  • CONCLUSIONS In all patients with severe hemorrhage and subsequent hypovolemic shock, the most important therapy is intravascular volume resuscitation, to reduce the possibility of target organ damage and death. (nih.gov)
  • This study investigated the causes of maternal death from postpartum haemorrhage in rural areas of Sistan and Baluchestan, Islamic Republic of Iran, and determined the effect of three interventions on midwives' management of haemorrhage. (who.int)
  • After the interventions, all cases of postpartum haemorrhage (n = 81) that occurred during 23 September 2014-23 February 2015 in rural maternity facilities were reviewed based on 19 indicators. (who.int)
  • A control group (n = 81) was selected from women with postpartum haemorrhage who had been admitted to the same maternity units before the interventions. (who.int)
  • Midwives' management of postpartum haemorrhage improved after the interventions. (who.int)
  • In addition, patients who received tranexamic acid had slightly less need for additional medical or surgical interventions to treat postpartum hemorrhage and a slightly lower drop in red blood cell count. (nih.gov)
  • Postpartum hemorrhage remains a leading cause of maternal morbidity and mortality in the United States. (nih.gov)
  • Several state maternal morbidity and mortality committees have reviewed areas of opportunity concerning postpartum hemorrhage management and found that common patterns include delays in recognition and response to hemorrhage. (nih.gov)
  • Postpartum haemorrhage is the main cause of maternal mortality in rural areas of low-income countries. (who.int)
  • In low- and middle-income countries, postpartum haemorrhage mortality is high (5,8). (who.int)
  • Postpartum hemorrhage is the leading cause of maternal morbidity and mortality worldwide, and incidence in the United States , although lower than in some resource -limited countries, remains high. (bvsalud.org)
  • Retrospective data was collected regarding mode of delivery, causes of hemorrhage, treatment modalities and maternal mortality rate. (medforum.pk)
  • Postpartum haemorrhage is a leading cause of maternal mortality and morbidity worldwide. (maternalhealthmatters.org.au)
  • Post-partum haemorrhage is a major contributor to maternal morbidity and mortality. (who.int)
  • OBJECTIVE Postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) is an important cause of maternal mortality (MM) around the world. (nih.gov)
  • JERSEY CITY, N.J.--(BUSINESS WIRE)-- Organon (NYSE: OGN), a global women's health company, today announced clearance by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) of the Special 510(k) for technological updates to the Jada® System, intended to provide control and treatment of abnormal postpartum uterine bleeding or hemorrhage when conservative management is warranted. (organon.com)
  • iii The study showed that JADA helped control abnormal postpartum uterine bleeding and hemorrhage when conservative management is warranted with an acceptably demonstrated safety profile. (organon.com)
  • A flowchart on managing haemorrhagic shock and a training workshop on management of postpartum haemorrhage were also developed for midwives working in rural areas. (who.int)
  • In 80% of cases of postpartum haemorrhage, women receive substandard care (10), underestimation of blood loss, delayed diagnosis and management of haemorrhage treatment failures (11), lack of easy-to-use local protocols (active management of the third stage of labour), lack of adequate education and training, and poor communication. (who.int)
  • To find the answer to this I had to find out the prevention measures and management of Postpartum Haemorrhage (PPH). (stackexchange.com)
  • Three cases which were managed successfully with brace suture following failure of medical management for post-partum haemorrhage are being presented. (who.int)
  • JADA is designed to apply low level vacuum to encourage normal contraction of the uterus to provide control and treatment of abnormal uterine bleeding or hemorrhage after childbirth. (organon.com)
  • Late postpartum bleeding is often the result of subinvolution of the uterus. (rnpedia.com)
  • Methergine and pitocin are agents that are used to prevent or control postpartum hemorrhage by contracting the uterus. (rnpedia.com)
  • This also serves to assist the uterus in clotting the placental attachment point postpartum. (stackexchange.com)
  • Blood-casts within the cavity of the uterus as a cause of uterine hæmorrhage. (nih.gov)
  • The study authors also cited estimates that, worldwide, about 500,000 maternal deaths occur during childbirth each year, with postpartum hemorrhage accounting for about 30 percent of those deaths. (nih.gov)
  • Postpartum hemorrhage continues to be one of the most common complications of childbirth and this recent FDA clearance supports our ability to continue providing healthcare providers this important option for treating women with abnormal postpartum bleeding. (organon.com)
  • Postpartum hemorrhage is bleeding that occurs after childbirth. (pregistry.com)
  • Francois KE, Foley MR. Antepartum and postpartum hemorrhage. (medlineplus.gov)
  • A different way classify postpartum hemorrhage is primary postpartum hemorrhage (bleeding is within 24 hours of delivery) versus secondary postpartum hemorrhage (bleeding occurs anywhere from 24 hours to 12 weeks after delivery). (pregistry.com)
  • On secondary uterine hæmorrhage. (nih.gov)
  • Fifteen percent of women have continue to have lochia 6 weeks or more postpartum. (medscape.com)
  • The drug misoprostol provides a safe, convenient, and inexpensive means to prevent postpartum hemorrhage, a major killer of women in developing countries. (nih.gov)
  • The researchers showed that giving women misoprostol after birth is a safe, inexpensive means to prevent postpartum hemorrhage from occurring," said NIH Director Dr. Elias A. Zerhouni. (nih.gov)
  • Maternal deaths in women with postpartum haemorrhage between 9 April 2012 and 9 April 2013 were reviewed to determine what contributed to the death. (who.int)
  • Women of color are at a disproportionate risk of developing a life -threatening postpartum hemorrhage . (bvsalud.org)
  • Early identification of and intervention in a hemorrhage requires an interdisciplinary team approach to care and can save the lives of thousands of women each year. (bvsalud.org)
  • Tranexamic acid has been found to be effective among women experiencing postpartum hemorrhage. (nih.gov)
  • This activity may produce the vomiting or diarrhea or both that is common when carboprost tromethamine is used to terminate pregnancy and for use postpartum. (nih.gov)
  • With the clinical doses of carboprost tromethamine used for the termination of pregnancy, and for use postpartum, some patients do experience transient temperature increases. (nih.gov)
  • It is one of the most common obstetric emergencies, it's the most common scenario of significant obstetric hemorrhage (bleeding related to pregnancy), and is a potential cause of maternal. (pregistry.com)
  • 12. Postpartum hemorrhage outcomes and race. (nih.gov)
  • Postpartum, the resultant myometrial contractions provide hemostasis at the site of placentation. (nih.gov)
  • Symptoms of postpartum hemorrhage may include heavy bleeding, abdominal pain, and abnormal uterine contractions. (pregistry.com)
  • Postpartum hemorrhage is excessive bleeding experienced by the mother after giving birth. (nih.gov)
  • The incidence of postpartum hemorrhage due to uterine atony has increased significantly in the United States during the past decade. (organon.com)
  • Which of the following complications is most likely responsible for a delayed postpartum hemorrhage? (rnpedia.com)
  • In this closed claim case study, Emmajane O'Halloran, Solicitor and Clinical Claims Manager, outlines the details of a case relating to postpartum haemorrhage with a second degree perineal tear in a regional hospital. (stateclaims.ie)
  • Options A and C: Cervical or perineal lacerations can cause an immediate postpartum hemorrhage. (rnpedia.com)
  • The report provides a snapshot of the R&D landscape for devices in use or investigated for treatment of postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) . (nih.gov)
  • The placental site undergoes a series of changes in the postpartum period. (medscape.com)
  • On persistent uterine hæmorrhage following abortion. (nih.gov)
  • B-Lynch brace suture simple surgical technique for managing post-partum haemorrhage - report of three cases. (who.int)
  • The haemorrhage occurred following the birth of the plaintiff's baby. (stateclaims.ie)
  • Two weeks ago, Alona White died from postpartum hemorrhage giving birth in Detroit. (blackexcellence.com)
  • Postpartum Haemorrhage (PPH) is commonly defined as a blood loss of 500 ml or more within 24 hours after birth. (gynaecologyjournal.com)
  • Minor postpartum hemorrhage is defined as being less than 1,000 milliliters blood loss, and major postpartum hemorrhage means 1,000 milliliters or more of blood loss. (pregistry.com)
  • Previously, researchers have theorized that since tranexamic acid prevents the breakdown of blood clots, the drug might slow blood loss and reduce the risk of postpartum hemorrhage. (nih.gov)
  • Breastfeeding or nipple stimulation for reducing postpartum haemorrhage in the third stage of labour. (stackexchange.com)
  • The researchers conducted the current study to determine if misoprostol could provide an effective way to prevent postpartum hemorrhage in countries where hospital services are in limited supply. (nih.gov)
  • Various measures and precautions can help to prevent postpartum hemorrhage. (pregistry.com)
  • MVA is an effective way to prevent Postpartum Haemorrhage. (gynaecologyjournal.com)
  • History of postpartum or perioperative hemorrhage, significant menorrhagia, gingivorrhagia, or epistaxis helps to identify parturients at increased risk of PPH. (springeropen.com)
  • In developed countries, where the majority of births occur in hospitals and emergency care is available, deaths from postpartum hemorrhage are rare. (nih.gov)
  • Option B: A client with a clotting deficiency may also have an immediate PP hemorrhage if the deficiency isn't corrected at the time of delivery. (rnpedia.com)
  • Which measure would be least effective in preventing postpartum hemorrhage? (rnpedia.com)
  • Determining the accuracy of International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification (ICD-9) codes for postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) is vital for reaching valid conclusions about the epidemiology of PPH. (nih.gov)
  • A nurse is monitoring a new mother in the PP period for signs of hemorrhage. (rnpedia.com)
  • This is the classic time for delayed postpartum hemorrhages to occur. (medscape.com)
  • A plaintiff sued a regional hospital alleging that the hospital failed to take sufficient steps to stop a significant postpartum haemorrhage on time. (stateclaims.ie)
  • One way is to divide it into minor or major postpartum hemorrhage. (pregistry.com)
  • To assess the efficacy, effectiveness, and safety of uterine balloon tamponade for treating postpartum hemorrhage. (ajog.org)
  • Led by the reproductive health portfolio coupled with an expanding biosimilars business and stable franchise of established medicines, Organon's products produce strong cash flows that will support investments in future growth opportunities in women's health, including business development like recently acquired Alydia Health, a medical device company focused on postpartum hemorrhage. (organon.com)

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