Postoperative nausea and vomiting. Medical search

Emesis and queasiness occurring after anesthesia.

Drugs used to prevent NAUSEA or VOMITING.

An unpleasant sensation in the stomach usually accompanied by the urge to vomit. Common causes are early pregnancy, sea and motion sickness, emotional stress, intense pain, food poisoning, and various enteroviruses.

A butyrophenone with general properties similar to those of HALOPERIDOL. It is used in conjunction with an opioid analgesic such as FENTANYL to maintain the patient in a calm state of neuroleptanalgesia with indifference to surroundings but still able to cooperate with the surgeon. It is also used as a premedicant, as an antiemetic, and for the control of agitation in acute psychoses. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 29th ed, p593)

A competitive serotonin type 3 receptor antagonist. It is effective in the treatment of nausea and vomiting caused by cytotoxic chemotherapy drugs, including cisplatin, and has reported anxiolytic and neuroleptic properties.

The forcible expulsion of the contents of the STOMACH through the MOUTH.

A dopamine D2 antagonist that is used as an antiemetic.

Procedure in which patients are induced into an unconscious state through use of various medications so that they do not feel pain during surgery.

Surgery performed on the female genitalia.

A type of massage in which finger pressure on specific body sites is used to promote healing, relieve fatigue, etc. Although the anatomical locations are the same as the ACUPUNCTURE POINTS used in ACUPUNCTURE THERAPY (hence acu-), no needle or other acupuncture technique is employed in acupressure. (From Random House Unabridged Dictionary, 2d ed). Shiatsu is a modern outgrowth that focuses more on prevention than healing.

Surgery performed on an outpatient basis. It may be hospital-based or performed in an office or surgicenter.

Pain during the period after surgery.

Nitrogen oxide (N2O). A colorless, odorless gas that is used as an anesthetic and analgesic. High concentrations cause a narcotic effect and may replace oxygen, causing death by asphyxia. It is also used as a food aerosol in the preparation of whipping cream.

A method of studying a drug or procedure in which both the subjects and investigators are kept unaware of who is actually getting which specific treatment.

A serotonin receptor (5HT-3 selective) antagonist that has been used as an antiemetic for cancer chemotherapy patients.

Compounds with activity like OPIATE ALKALOIDS, acting at OPIOID RECEPTORS. Properties include induction of ANALGESIA or NARCOSIS.

Drugs administered before an anesthetic to decrease a patient's anxiety and control the effects of that anesthetic.

Designated locations along nerves or organ meridians for inserting acupuncture needles.

An intravenous anesthetic agent which has the advantage of a very rapid onset after infusion or bolus injection plus a very short recovery period of a couple of minutes. (From Smith and Reynard, Textbook of Pharmacology, 1992, 1st ed, p206). Propofol has been used as ANTICONVULSANTS and ANTIEMETICS.

Drugs that bind to but do not activate SEROTONIN 5-HT3 RECEPTORS, thereby blocking the actions of SEROTONIN or SEROTONIN 5-HT3 RECEPTOR AGONISTS.

Ultrashort-acting anesthetics that are used for induction. Loss of consciousness is rapid and induction is pleasant, but there is no muscle relaxation and reflexes frequently are not reduced adequately. Repeated administration results in accumulation and prolongs the recovery time. Since these agents have little if any analgesic activity, they are seldom used alone except in brief minor procedures. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p174)

Relief of PAIN, without loss of CONSCIOUSNESS, through ANALGESIC AGENTS administered by the patients. It has been used successfully to control POSTOPERATIVE PAIN, during OBSTETRIC LABOR, after BURNS, and in TERMINAL CARE. The choice of agent, dose, and lockout interval greatly influence effectiveness. The potential for overdose can be minimized by combining small bolus doses with a mandatory interval between successive doses (lockout interval).

Injection of an anesthetic into the nerves to inhibit nerve transmission in a specific part of the body.

Pathologic processes that affect patients after a surgical procedure. They may or may not be related to the disease for which the surgery was done, and they may or may not be direct results of the surgery.

Hospital department responsible for the administration of functions and activities pertaining to the delivery of anesthetics.

A potent narcotic analgesic, abuse of which leads to habituation or addiction. It is primarily a mu-opioid agonist. Fentanyl is also used as an adjunct to general anesthetics, and as an anesthetic for induction and maintenance. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1078)

The period of emergence from general anesthesia, where different elements of consciousness return at different rates.

Surgery performed on the pregnant woman for conditions associated with pregnancy, labor, or the puerperium. It does not include surgery of the newborn infant.

The occupational discipline of the traditional Chinese methods of ACUPUNCTURE THERAPY for treating disease by inserting needles along specific pathways or meridians.

Process of administering an anesthetic through injection directly into the bloodstream.

Surgical restoration of a perforated tympanic membrane by grafting. (Dorland, 28th ed.)

The principal alkaloid in opium and the prototype opiate analgesic and narcotic. Morphine has widespread effects in the central nervous system and on smooth muscle.

Anesthesia caused by the breathing of anesthetic gases or vapors or by insufflating anesthetic gases or vapors into the respiratory tract.

A short-acting opioid anesthetic and analgesic derivative of FENTANYL. It produces an early peak analgesic effect and fast recovery of consciousness. Alfentanil is effective as an anesthetic during surgery, for supplementation of analgesia during surgical procedures, and as an analgesic for critically ill patients.

Misalignment of the visual axes of the eyes. In comitant strabismus the degree of ocular misalignment does not vary with the direction of gaze. In noncomitant strabismus the degree of misalignment varies depending on direction of gaze or which eye is fixating on the target. (Miller, Walsh & Hoyt's Clinical Neuro-Ophthalmology, 4th ed, p641)

The period during a surgical operation.

Observation of a population for a sufficient number of persons over a sufficient number of years to generate incidence or mortality rates subsequent to the selection of the study group.

An anti-inflammatory 9-fluoro-glucocorticoid.

Drugs that bind to but do not activate serotonin receptors, thereby blocking the actions of serotonin or SEROTONIN RECEPTOR AGONISTS.

An intense itching sensation that produces the urge to rub or scratch the skin to obtain relief.

Injections made into a vein for therapeutic or experimental purposes.

Gases or volatile liquids that vary in the rate at which they induce anesthesia; potency; the degree of circulation, respiratory, or neuromuscular depression they produce; and analgesic effects. Inhalation anesthetics have advantages over intravenous agents in that the depth of anesthesia can be changed rapidly by altering the inhaled concentration. Because of their rapid elimination, any postoperative respiratory depression is of relatively short duration. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p173)

Patient care procedures performed during the operation that are ancillary to the actual surgery. It includes monitoring, fluid therapy, medication, transfusion, anesthesia, radiography, and laboratory tests.

Quinolizines are a class of organic compounds with a six-membered ring containing five nitrogen atoms, used in the development of drugs for various medical indications.

A cholinesterase inhibitor used in the treatment of myasthenia gravis and to reverse the effects of muscle relaxants such as gallamine and tubocurarine. Neostigmine, unlike PHYSOSTIGMINE, does not cross the blood-brain barrier.

An opioid analgesic that is used as an adjunct in anesthesia, in balanced anesthesia, and as a primary anesthetic agent.

A variety of anesthetic methods such as EPIDURAL ANESTHESIA used to control the pain of childbirth.

Excision of the gallbladder through an abdominal incision using a laparoscope.

A procedure in which a laparoscope (LAPAROSCOPES) is inserted through a small incision near the navel to examine the abdominal and pelvic organs in the PERITONEAL CAVITY. If appropriate, biopsy or surgery can be performed during laparoscopy.

The use of two or more chemicals simultaneously or sequentially to induce anesthesia. The drugs need not be in the same dosage form.

Inhalation of oxygen aimed at restoring toward normal any pathophysiologic alterations of gas exchange in the cardiopulmonary system, as by the use of a respirator, nasal catheter, tent, chamber, or mask. (From Dorland, 27th ed & Stedman, 25th ed)

Evaluation undertaken to assess the results or consequences of management and procedures used in combating disease in order to determine the efficacy, effectiveness, safety, and practicability of these interventions in individual cases or series.

A family of hexahydropyridines.

A state characterized by loss of feeling or sensation. This depression of nerve function is usually the result of pharmacologic action and is induced to allow performance of surgery or other painful procedures.

Works about clinical trials that involve at least one test treatment and one control treatment, concurrent enrollment and follow-up of the test- and control-treated groups, and in which the treatments to be administered are selected by a random process, such as the use of a random-numbers table.

Agents that are capable of inducing a total or partial loss of sensation, especially tactile sensation and pain. They may act to induce general ANESTHESIA, in which an unconscious state is achieved, or may act locally to induce numbness or lack of sensation at a targeted site.

A method in which either the observer(s) or the subject(s) is kept ignorant of the group to which the subjects are assigned.

Time schedule for administration of a drug in order to achieve optimum effectiveness and convenience.

The relief of pain without loss of consciousness through the introduction of an analgesic agent into the epidural space of the vertebral canal. It is differentiated from ANESTHESIA, EPIDURAL which refers to the state of insensitivity to sensation.

Procedure in which an anesthetic is injected directly into the spinal cord.

A group of compounds that contain the general formula R-OCH3.

Excision of the uterus.

Scales, questionnaires, tests, and other methods used to assess pain severity and duration in patients or experimental animals to aid in diagnosis, therapy, and physiological studies.

Therapy with two or more separate preparations given for a combined effect.

A stable, non-explosive inhalation anesthetic, relatively free from significant side effects.

The period following a surgical operation.

The degree to which the individual regards the health care service or product or the manner in which it is delivered by the provider as useful, effective, or beneficial.

The relationship between the dose of an administered drug and the response of the organism to the drug.

Drugs that block nerve conduction when applied locally to nerve tissue in appropriate concentrations. They act on any part of the nervous system and on every type of nerve fiber. In contact with a nerve trunk, these anesthetics can cause both sensory and motor paralysis in the innervated area. Their action is completely reversible. (From Gilman AG, et. al., Goodman and Gilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 8th ed) Nearly all local anesthetics act by reducing the tendency of voltage-dependent sodium channels to activate.

The long-term (minutes to hours) administration of a fluid into the vein through venipuncture, either by letting the fluid flow by gravity or by pumping it.

Compounds capable of relieving pain without the loss of CONSCIOUSNESS.

Disorder caused by motion, as sea sickness, train sickness, car sickness, air sickness, or SPACE MOTION SICKNESS. It may include nausea, vomiting and dizziness.

Effects of anticholinergics on postoperative vomiting, recovery, and hospital stay in children undergoing tonsillectomy with or without adenoidectomy. (1/321)

BACKGROUND: Nausea and vomiting are the most frequent problems after minor ambulatory surgical procedures. The agents used to induce and maintain anesthesia may modify the incidence of emesis. When neuromuscular blockade is antagonized with anticholinesterases, atropine or glycopyrrolate is used commonly to prevent bradycardia and excessive oral secretions. This study was designed to evaluate the effect of atropine and glycopyrrolate on postoperative vomiting in children. METHODS: Ninety-three patients undergoing tonsillectomy with or without adenoidectomy were studied. After inhalation induction of anesthesia with nitrous oxide, oxygen, and halothane, anesthesia was maintained with a nitrous oxide-oxygen mixture, halothane, morphine, and atracurium. Patients were randomized to receive, in a double-blinded manner, either 15 microg/kg atropine or 10 microg/kg glycopyrrolate with 60 microg/kg neostigmine to reverse neuromuscular blockade. Patient recovery, the incidence of postoperative emesis, antiemetic therapy, and the duration of postoperative hospital stay were assessed. RESULTS: There were no significant differences in age, gender, weight, or discharge time from the postanesthesia care unit or the hospital between the groups. Twenty-four hours after operation, the incidence of vomiting in the atropine group (56%) was significantly less than in the glycopyrrolate group (81%; P<0.05). There was no significant difference between the atropine and glycopyrrolate groups in the number of patients who required antiemetics or additional analgesics. CONCLUSIONS: In children undergoing tonsillectomy with or without adenoidectomy, reversal of neuromuscular blockade with atropine and neostigmine is associated with a lesser incidence of postoperative emesis compared with glycopyrrolate and neostigmine. (+info)

Comparison of three solutions of ropivacaine/fentanyl for postoperative patient-controlled epidural analgesia. (2/321)

BACKGROUND: Ropivacaine, 0.2%, is a new local anesthetic approved for epidural analgesia. The addition of 4 microg/ml fentanyl improves analgesia from epidural ropivacaine. Use of a lower concentration of ropivacaine-fentanyl may further improve analgesia or decrease side effects. METHODS: Thirty patients undergoing lower abdominal surgery were randomized in a double-blinded manner to receive one of three solutions: 0.2% ropivacaine-4 microg fentanyl 0.1% ropivacaine-2 microg fentanyl, or 0.05% ropivacaine-1 microg fentanyl for patient-controlled epidural analgesia after standardized combined epidural and general anesthesia. Patient-controlled epidural analgesia settings and adjustments for the three solutions were standardized to deliver equivalent drug doses. Pain scores (rest, cough, and ambulation), side effects (nausea, pruritus, sedation, motor block, hypotension, and orthostasis), and patient-controlled epidural analgesia consumption were measured for 48 h. RESULTS: All three solutions produced equivalent analgesia. Motor block was significantly more common (30 vs. 0%) and more intense with the 0.2% ropivacaine-4 microg fentanyl solution. Other side effects were equivalent between solutions and mild in severity. A significantly smaller volume of 0.2% ropivacaine-4 microg fentanyl solution was used, whereas the 0.1% ropivacaine-2 microg fentanyl group used a significantly greater amount of ropivacaine and fentanyl. CONCLUSIONS: Lesser concentrations of ropivacaine and fentanyl provide comparable analgesia with less motor block despite the use of similar amounts of ropivacaine and fentanyl. This finding suggests that concentration of local anesthetic solution at low doses is a primary determinant of motor block with patient-controlled epidural analgesia after lower abdominal surgery. (+info)

Postoperative analgesia and vomiting, with special reference to day-case surgery: a systematic review. (3/321)

BACKGROUND: Day-case surgery is of great value to patients and the health service. It enables many more patients to be treated properly, and faster than before. Newer, less invasive, operative techniques will allow many more procedures to be carried out. There are many elements to successful day-case surgery. Two key components are the effectiveness of the control of pain after the operation, and the effectiveness of measures to minimise postoperative nausea and vomiting. OBJECTIVES: To enable those caring for patients undergoing day-case surgery to make the best choices for their patients and the health service, this review sought the highest quality evidence on: (1) the effectiveness of the control of pain after an operation; (2) the effectiveness of measures to minimise postoperative nausea and vomiting. METHODS: Full details of the search strategy are presented in the report. RESULTS - ANALGESIA: The systematic reviews of the literature explored whether different interventions work and, if they do work, how well they work. A number of conclusions can be drawn. RESULTS-ANALGESIA, INEFFECTIVE INTERVENTIONS: There is good evidence that some interventions are ineffective. They include: (1) transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation in acute postoperative pain; (2) the use of local injections of opioids at sites other than the knee joint; (3) the use of dihydrocodeine, 30 mg, in acute postoperative pain (it is no better than placebo). RESULTS-ANALGESIA, INTERVENTIONS OF DOUBTFUL VALUE: Some interventions may be effective but the size of the effect or the complication of undertaking them confers no measurable benefit over conventional methods. Such interventions include: (1) injecting morphine into the knee joint after surgery: there is a small analgesic benefit which may last for up to 24 hours but there is no clear evidence that the size of the benefit is of any clinical value; (2) manoeuvres to try and anticipate pain by using pre-emptive analgesia; these are no more effective than standard methods; (3) administering non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) by injection or per rectum in patients who can swallow; this appears to be no more effective than giving NSAIDs by mouth and, indeed, may do more harm than good; (4) administering codeine in single doses; this has poor analgesic efficacy. RESULTS-ANALGESIA, INTERVENTIONS OF PROVEN VALUE: These include a number of oral analgesics including (at standard doses): (1) dextropropoxyphene; (2) tramadol; (3) paracetamol; (4) ibuprofen; (5) diclofenac. Diclofenac and ibuprofen at standard doses give analgesia equivalent to that obtained with 10 mg of intramuscular morphine. Each will provide at least 50% pain relief from a single oral dose in patients with moderate or severe postoperative pain. Paracetamol and codeine combinations also appear to be highly effective, although there is little information on the standard doses used in the UK. The relative effectiveness of these analgesics is compared in an effectiveness 'ladder' which can inform prescribers making choices for individual patients, or planning day-case surgery. Dose-response relationships show that higher doses of ibuprofen may be particularly effective. Topical NSAIDs (applied to the skin) are effective in minor injuries and chronic pain but there is no obvious role for them in day-case surgery. RESULTS-POSTOPERATIVE NAUSEA AND VOMITING: The proportion of patients who may feel nauseated or vomit after surgery is very variable, despite similar operations and anaesthetic techniques. Systematic review can still lead to clear estimations of effectiveness of interventions. Whichever anti-emetic is used, the choice is often between prophylactic use (trying to prevent anyone vomiting) and treating those people who do feel nauseated or who may vomit. Systematic reviews of a number of different anti-emetics show clearly that none of the anti-emetics is sufficiently effective to be used for prophylaxis. (ABSTRACT TRUNCATE (+info)

Prophylactic antiemetic therapy with a combination of granisetron and dexamethasone in patients undergoing middle ear surgery. (4/321)

We have compared the efficacy of granisetron in combination with dexamethasone with each drug alone in the prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) after middle ear surgery. In a randomized, double-blind study, 120 patients (85 females) received granisetron 3 mg, dexamethasone 8 mg or granisetron 3 mg with dexamethasone 8 mg i.v. (n = 40 in each group), immediately before induction of anaesthesia. A standardized general anaesthetic technique was used. A complete response, defined as no PONV and no need for another rescue antiemetic during the first 3 h after anaesthesia, was recorded in 83%, 50% and 98% of patients who had received granisetron, dexamethasone and granisetron-dexamethasone, respectively. The corresponding incidences during the next 21 h after anaesthesia were 80%, 55% and 98% (P < 0.05; overall Fisher's exact probability test). In summary, prophylactic use of combined granisetron and dexamethasone was more effective than each antiemetic alone for the prevention of PONV after middle ear surgery. (+info)

Neostigmine with glycopyrrolate does not increase the incidence or severity of postoperative nausea and vomiting in outpatients undergoing gynaecological laparoscopy. (5/321)

We studied 100 healthy women undergoing outpatient gynaecological laparoscopy in a randomized, double-blind and placebo-controlled study to evaluate the effect of neostigmine on postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV). After induction of anaesthesia with propofol, anaesthesia was maintained with sevoflurane and 66% nitrous oxide in oxygen. Mivacurium was used for neuromuscular block. At the end of anaesthesia, neostigmine 2.0 mg and glycopyrrolate 0.4 mg, or saline, was given i.v. The incidence of PONV was evaluated in the postanaesthesia care unit, on the ward and at home. The severity of nausea and vomiting, worst pain, antiemetic and analgesic use, times to urinary voiding and home readiness were recorded. During the first 24 h after operation, 44% of patients in the neostigmine group and 43% in the saline group did not have PONV. We conclude that neostigmine with glycopyrrolate did not increase the occurrence of PONV in this patient group. (+info)

Comparison of intrathecal and epidural diamorphine for elective caesarean section using a combined spinal-epidural technique. (6/321)

To assess calculated equivalent doses of intrathecal and epidural opioids for elective Caesarean section in terms of quality and duration of analgesia, and incidence of side effects, we have compared 50 patients, allocated randomly to one of two groups to receive either diamorphine 0.25 mg intrathecally (group 1) or 5 mg epidurally (group 2), in addition to intrathecal bupivacaine 10 mg, using a combined spinal-epidural technique. There was no significant difference in duration of analgesia between groups (group 1 mean 14.6 (SD 5.9) h, group 2 14.2 (6.5) h; mean difference 0.8 h; 95% Cl -2.8-4.5; P = 0.65) or quality of analgesia (VAPS and VRS scores). The degree of pruritus was similar in both groups (80-88%) but the incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting was significantly higher in the epidural group (24% vs 4%; P < 0.05). Intrathecal diamorphine 0.25 mg produced the same duration and quality of postoperative analgesia as epidural diamorphine 5 mg for elective Caesarean section but with significantly less nausea and vomiting. (+info)

Antiemetic activity of the NK1 receptor antagonist GR205171 in the treatment of established postoperative nausea and vomiting after major gynaecological surgery. (7/321)

In this double-blind, randomized, parallel group study, we have investigated the antiemetic activity of the potent and selective NK1 receptor antagonist GR205171 25 mg i.v. compared with placebo in the treatment of established postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) in patients after major gynaecological surgery performed under general anaesthesia. The incidence of PONV in the study population was 65%. Thirty-six patients were treated with placebo or GR205171 (18 patients per group). GR205171 produced greater control of PONV than placebo over the 24-h assessment period. The stimuli for emesis after PONV are multifactorial and the efficacy of GR205171 in this study supports the broad spectrum potential for NK1 receptor antagonists in the management of postoperative emesis. GR205171 was well tolerated and no adverse events were reported that would preclude the further development of this agent. (+info)

Glycopyrrolate reduces nausea during spinal anaesthesia for caesarean section without affecting neonatal outcome. (8/321)

We have tested the hypotheses that glycopyrrolate, administered immediately before induction of subarachnoid anaesthesia for elective Caesarean section, reduces the incidence and severity of nausea, with no adverse effects on neonatal Apgar scores, in a double-blind, randomized, controlled study. Fifty women received either glycopyrrolate 200 micrograms or saline (placebo) i.v. during fluid preload, before induction of spinal anaesthesia with 2.5 ml of 0.5% isobaric bupivacaine. Patients were questioned directly regarding nausea at 3-min intervals throughout operation and asked to report symptoms as they arose. The severity of nausea was assessed using a verbal scoring system and was treated with increments of i.v. ephedrine and fluids. Patients in the group pretreated with glycopyrrolate reported a reduction in the frequency (P = 0.02) and severity (P = 0.03) of nausea. Glycopyrrolate also reduced the severity of hypotension, as evidenced by reduced ephedrine requirements (P = 0.02). There were no differences in neonatal Apgar scores between groups. (+info)

Postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) is a common complication that occurs after surgery. It is characterized by feelings of nausea (an unpleasant sensation in the stomach) and vomiting (throwing up) that can occur within hours of surgery. PONV can be caused by a variety of factors, including anesthesia, pain medication, and the stress of surgery. It can be a distressing and uncomfortable experience for patients, and in severe cases, it can lead to dehydration, electrolyte imbalances, and other complications. Treatment for PONV typically involves medications to prevent or relieve nausea and vomiting, as well as supportive care to help patients manage their symptoms.

Nausea is a common sensation of uneasiness or discomfort in the upper stomach with an involuntary urge to vomit. It can be a symptom of various medical conditions, including gastrointestinal disorders, infections, pregnancy, and certain medications. In the medical field, nausea is often evaluated and treated by a healthcare provider to determine the underlying cause and provide appropriate treatment.

Droperidol is a medication that is used to treat nausea and vomiting, particularly in patients who are undergoing chemotherapy or surgery. It is also used to treat anxiety and agitation, and to control hallucinations and delirium in patients with certain mental health conditions. Droperidol is a type of medication called a dopamine antagonist, which means that it blocks the effects of dopamine, a neurotransmitter that plays a role in regulating movement, mood, and other bodily functions. It is available in both oral and injectable forms, and is typically administered by a healthcare professional.

Ondansetron is a medication used to prevent nausea and vomiting caused by chemotherapy, radiation therapy, surgery, or other medical procedures. It is also used to prevent nausea and vomiting caused by motion sickness or morning sickness during pregnancy. Ondansetron works by blocking the action of chemicals in the brain that trigger the feeling of nausea and vomiting. It is available in tablet, oral solution, and injectable forms.

Vomiting is a medical condition characterized by the involuntary and forceful expulsion of the contents of the stomach through the mouth. It is also known as emesis or retching. Vomiting can be a symptom of a variety of medical conditions, including infections, digestive disorders, pregnancy, and certain medications. It can also be a response to toxins, such as those found in certain foods or chemicals. In severe cases, vomiting can lead to dehydration, electrolyte imbalances, and other complications. Treatment for vomiting depends on the underlying cause and may include medications, changes in diet and fluid intake, or other interventions.

Metoclopramide is a medication that is used to treat a variety of gastrointestinal disorders. It is a type of medication called a prokinetic, which means that it helps to speed up the movement of food through the digestive system. Metoclopramide is often used to treat conditions such as nausea and vomiting, gastroparesis (a condition in which the stomach empties too slowly), and acid reflux disease (GERD). It is available in both oral and injectable forms, and is typically prescribed by a doctor or other healthcare professional.

Pain, Postoperative refers to the discomfort or pain experienced by a patient after undergoing surgery. It is a common and expected complication of surgery, and can range from mild to severe. Postoperative pain can be caused by a variety of factors, including tissue damage, inflammation, and nerve stimulation. It is typically managed with a combination of pain medications, such as opioids, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), and local anesthetics, as well as other treatments such as physical therapy, ice packs, and relaxation techniques. Proper management of postoperative pain is important for promoting healing, reducing the risk of complications, and improving the patient's overall comfort and quality of life.

Nitrous oxide, also known as laughing gas, is a colorless, odorless gas that is commonly used in the medical field as an anesthetic and analgesic. It is a potent analgesic, meaning it can help to reduce pain and discomfort during medical procedures, and it is also a sedative, meaning it can help to calm and relax patients. In medical settings, nitrous oxide is typically administered through a mask that covers the patient's nose and mouth. The gas is mixed with oxygen and inhaled by the patient, which helps to produce a feeling of relaxation and euphoria. Nitrous oxide is often used in combination with other anesthetics, such as local anesthetics or general anesthesia, to provide a more complete and effective anesthetic. Nitrous oxide is considered to be a relatively safe anesthetic, with few side effects. However, it can cause dizziness, lightheadedness, and nausea in some patients, and it can also cause a temporary decrease in blood pressure. As with any anesthetic, it is important for patients to follow their doctor's instructions carefully and to report any side effects or concerns to their healthcare provider.

Granisetron is a medication used to prevent nausea and vomiting caused by chemotherapy, radiation therapy, and surgery. It is a 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT3) receptor antagonist, which means it blocks the action of a chemical in the brain that can trigger vomiting. Granisetron is available in both oral and injectable forms and is typically administered before or after exposure to the nausea-inducing agent. It is also sometimes used to treat nausea and vomiting caused by motion sickness or surgery.

Propofol is a medication that is commonly used in the medical field for anesthesia. It is a short-acting sedative-hypnotic drug that is administered intravenously to induce and maintain general anesthesia. Propofol works by binding to specific receptors in the brain, which leads to a loss of consciousness and muscle relaxation. It is often used in combination with other anesthetic drugs and is also used to manage pain and anxiety in intensive care units and during medical procedures. Propofol is a powerful drug and can cause serious side effects if not administered properly, so it is typically only used by trained medical professionals in a controlled setting.

Postoperative complications are adverse events that occur after a surgical procedure. They can range from minor issues, such as bruising or discomfort, to more serious problems, such as infection, bleeding, or organ damage. Postoperative complications can occur for a variety of reasons, including surgical errors, anesthesia errors, infections, allergic reactions to medications, and underlying medical conditions. They can also be caused by factors such as poor nutrition, dehydration, and smoking. Postoperative complications can have serious consequences for patients, including prolonged hospital stays, additional surgeries, and even death. Therefore, it is important for healthcare providers to take steps to prevent postoperative complications and to promptly recognize and treat them if they do occur.

Fentanyl is a synthetic opioid pain medication that is approximately 100 times more potent than morphine. It is used to treat severe pain, such as that caused by cancer or after surgery. Fentanyl is available in a variety of forms, including tablets, lozenges, patches, and injections. It is also sometimes used in combination with other medications, such as hydromorphone or oxycodone, to increase their effectiveness. Fentanyl can be highly addictive and can cause respiratory depression, which can be life-threatening. It is important to use fentanyl only under the guidance of a healthcare professional and to follow their instructions carefully.

Morphine is a powerful opioid medication that is used to relieve severe pain. It is derived from the opium poppy and is one of the most potent naturally occurring opioids. Morphine works by binding to specific receptors in the brain and spinal cord, which can reduce the perception of pain and produce feelings of euphoria. It is often prescribed for patients who are experiencing severe pain, such as those with cancer or after surgery. Morphine can be administered in a variety of ways, including orally, intravenously, or through injection. It can also be used in combination with other medications to enhance its pain-relieving effects. However, morphine can also be highly addictive and can lead to dependence and withdrawal symptoms if used for an extended period of time. It is important for patients to use morphine only as directed by their healthcare provider and to avoid taking more than the recommended dose.

Alfentanil is a synthetic opioid medication that is used for anesthesia during surgery or other medical procedures. It is a strong analgesic, meaning it is highly effective at reducing pain, and is often used in combination with other anesthetic drugs to provide a deeper level of sedation and pain relief. Alfentanil is a short-acting opioid, meaning its effects wear off quickly, which allows for easier recovery and reduced risk of respiratory depression. It is typically administered intravenously, although it can also be given by inhalation or injection. Alfentanil is a controlled substance and is only available by prescription from a qualified healthcare provider.

Strabismus is a medical condition in which the eyes are not aligned properly, causing them to point in different directions. This can result in double vision, difficulty seeing in depth, and other visual problems. Strabismus can be caused by a variety of factors, including muscle weakness or paralysis, nerve damage, or problems with the brain's visual processing centers. Treatment for strabismus may include glasses, patches, eye exercises, or surgery, depending on the underlying cause and severity of the condition.

Dexamethasone is a synthetic glucocorticoid hormone that is used in the medical field as an anti-inflammatory, immunosuppressive, and antipyretic agent. It is a potent corticosteroid that has a wide range of therapeutic applications, including the treatment of allergic reactions, inflammatory diseases, autoimmune disorders, and cancer. Dexamethasone is available in various forms, including tablets, injections, and inhalers, and is used to treat a variety of conditions, such as asthma, COPD, rheumatoid arthritis, lupus, multiple sclerosis, and inflammatory bowel disease. It is also used to treat severe cases of COVID-19, as it has been shown to reduce inflammation and improve outcomes in patients with severe illness. However, dexamethasone is a potent drug that can have significant side effects, including weight gain, fluid retention, high blood pressure, increased risk of infection, and mood changes. Therefore, it is typically prescribed only when other treatments have failed or when the potential benefits outweigh the risks.

Pruritus is a medical term used to describe an intense, persistent, and often uncontrollable urge to scratch or rub a particular area of the skin. It is commonly referred to as "itching" and can be caused by a variety of factors, including skin conditions, infections, allergies, hormonal changes, and certain medications. Pruritus can be a symptom of many different medical conditions, such as eczema, psoriasis, liver disease, kidney disease, and cancer. It can also be a side effect of certain medications, such as antibiotics, antihistamines, and chemotherapy drugs. Treatment for pruritus depends on the underlying cause. In some cases, over-the-counter creams or ointments may be sufficient to relieve symptoms. In more severe cases, prescription medications or other treatments may be necessary. It is important to consult a healthcare professional if you are experiencing persistent or severe itching, as it could be a sign of an underlying medical condition that requires treatment.

Quinolizines are a class of organic compounds that contain a six-membered ring with two nitrogen atoms. They are structurally related to quinolines, which have a similar ring structure but with only one nitrogen atom. Quinolizines have a wide range of biological activities and are used in the treatment of various medical conditions, including: 1. Antimalarial drugs: Quinolizines are used as antimalarial drugs, such as chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine, which are used to treat and prevent malaria. 2. Antipsychotic drugs: Quinolizines are also used as antipsychotic drugs, such as chlorpromazine and thioridazine, which are used to treat schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders. 3. Antihistamines: Quinolizines are used as antihistamines, such as astemizole and terfenadine, which are used to treat allergies and other conditions caused by histamine release. 4. Antifungal drugs: Quinolizines are used as antifungal drugs, such as ketoconazole and itraconazole, which are used to treat fungal infections. 5. Anticancer drugs: Quinolizines are also used as anticancer drugs, such as quinoline-8-carboxylic acid, which is being studied for its potential to treat various types of cancer. Overall, quinolizines have a diverse range of biological activities and are used in the treatment of various medical conditions.

Neostigmine is a medication that is used to treat certain muscle disorders, such as myasthenia gravis, and to reverse the effects of certain medications that cause muscle weakness, such as neuromuscular blockers used during surgery. It works by increasing the activity of a neurotransmitter called acetylcholine, which helps to improve muscle strength and coordination. Neostigmine is available in both injectable and oral forms, and is typically administered by a healthcare professional. It can cause side effects such as nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and muscle cramps.

Sufentanil is a synthetic opioid analgesic that is used in medicine for the relief of severe pain. It is a potent and short-acting opioid, with a rapid onset and a relatively brief duration of action. Sufentanil is often used in anesthesia and intensive care medicine, as well as for the management of acute pain in the emergency department. It is available in a variety of forms, including intravenous injection, intramuscular injection, and transdermal patch. Sufentanil is a Schedule II controlled substance in the United States, meaning that it has a high potential for abuse and dependence.

Piperidines are a class of organic compounds that contain a six-membered ring with nitrogen atoms at positions 1 and 4. They are commonly used in the pharmaceutical industry as a building block for the synthesis of a wide range of drugs, including analgesics, anti-inflammatory agents, and antihistamines. Piperidines are also found in natural products, such as alkaloids, and have been used in traditional medicine for their various therapeutic effects. In the medical field, piperidines are often used as a starting point for the development of new drugs, as they can be easily modified to produce a wide range of pharmacological activities.

Methyl ethers are organic compounds that contain a methyl group (CH3) attached to an oxygen atom. They are a type of ether, which is a functional group consisting of an oxygen atom bonded to two alkyl or aryl groups. In the medical field, methyl ethers are used as anesthetic agents, particularly for induction of anesthesia. They are also used as solvents and as intermediates in the synthesis of other compounds. Some methyl ethers have been found to have potential medicinal properties, such as anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects. One example of a methyl ether used in medicine is methoxyflurane, which was once a common anesthetic but has been largely replaced by other agents due to its potential for toxicity and side effects. Other methyl ethers that have been studied for their potential medicinal properties include diisopropyl ether and tert-butyl methyl ether.

Isoflurane is a volatile anesthetic gas that is commonly used in medical procedures to induce and maintain general anesthesia. It is a colorless, odorless gas that is similar in structure to halothane, another anesthetic gas. When inhaled, isoflurane produces a state of unconsciousness and a lack of response to pain, allowing medical procedures to be performed without the patient feeling any discomfort. It also has a relatively low risk of causing side effects, such as nausea, vomiting, or respiratory depression. Isoflurane is often used in combination with other anesthetics, such as opioids or muscle relaxants, to provide a more complete anesthetic effect. It is also used in veterinary medicine and in research settings to induce anesthesia in animals.

Motion sickness, also known as seasickness, car sickness, or vertigo, is a common condition that affects people when they experience a mismatch between the sensory information received by the brain and the body's actual movement. The brain relies on information from the inner ear, which detects changes in head position and movement, and the eyes, which provide visual cues about the environment. When these two sources of information do not match, the brain becomes confused and can trigger symptoms such as dizziness, nausea, vomiting, sweating, and headache. Motion sickness can occur in a variety of situations, including traveling in a car, plane, or boat, riding a roller coaster, or watching a 3D movie. It is more common in children and young adults, and some people may be more susceptible to motion sickness than others. Treatment for motion sickness may include over-the-counter medications such as antihistamines or motion sickness bands, as well as lifestyle changes such as avoiding triggers, getting plenty of rest, and staying hydrated. In severe cases, medical treatment may be necessary.

... (PONV) is the phenomenon of nausea, vomiting, or retching experienced by a patient in the ... Postoperative nausea and vomiting. Pleuvry, B. (2015). Physiology and pharmacology of nausea and vomiting. (Articles with short ... Typically, the incidence of nausea or vomiting after general anesthesia ranges between 25 and 30%. Nausea and vomiting can be ... The 2020 Cochrane Anaesthesia Review Group review of Drugs for preventing postoperative nausea and vomiting in adults after ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Postoperative_nausea_and_vomiting

Mechanisms of nausea and vomiting". In Tong Joo Gan; Habib, Ashraf S. (eds.). Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting: A Practical ... It usually occurs as a precursor to vomiting. Local irritation of the stomach, such as bacteria or food poisoning, activates ... Navjeevan Express Vomiting Charminar Express (Articles needing additional references from August 2021, All articles needing ... Retroperistalsis occurs pathologically during vomiting and physiologically at the first part of the duodenum where it protects ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Retroperistalsis

Zabirowicz ES, Gan TJ (2019). "34 - Pharmacology of Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting". In Hemmings Jr HC, Talmage ED (eds.). ... Sanger GJ, Andrews P (2018). "A History of Drug Discovery for Treatment of Nausea and Vomiting and the Implications for Future ... Dimenhydrinate is an over-the-counter (OTC) antihistamine indicated for the prevention and relief of nausea and vomiting from a ... including motion-sickness and post-operative nausea. Common side effects may include: Drowsiness Dry mouth, nose, or throat ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dimenhydrinate

Zabirowicz, Eric S.; Gan, Tong J. (2019). 34 - Pharmacology of Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting. Elsevier. pp. 671-692. doi: ... Activation of the DOR has been known to cause nausea and/or vomiting, so a dual antagonist can decrease both OIC and nausea/ ... vomiting. The molecular weight, bioavailability, protein binding, elimination half-life, the time to achieve maximum plasma ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peripherally_acting_μ-opioid_receptor_antagonist

"Drugs for preventing postoperative nausea and vomiting". The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. 2006 (3): CD004125. doi: ... A number of medications including granisetron appear to be effective in controlling post-operative nausea and vomiting (PONV). ... It may be used for chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting and appears to work about the same as ondansetron. The most common ... Is a possible therapy for nausea and vomiting due to acute or chronic medical illness or acute gastroenteritis[citation needed ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Granisetron

People suffering from nausea may induce vomiting in hopes of feeling better. After surgery (postoperative nausea and vomiting) ... Mechanisms of nausea and vomiting". In Tong Joo Gan; Habib, Ashraf S. (eds.). Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting: A Practical ... Naylor, RJ; Inall, FC (January 1994). "The physiology and pharmacology of postoperative nausea and vomiting". Anaesthesia. 49 ... The feeling that one is about to vomit is called nausea; it often precedes, but does not always lead to vomiting. Impairment ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vomiting

Hines S, Steels E, Chang A, Gibbons K (March 2018). "Aromatherapy for treatment of postoperative nausea and vomiting". Cochrane ... There is disputed evidence that it may be effective in combating postoperative nausea and vomiting. Auriculotherapy (also ... Some studies have suggested it may be effective at helping manage nausea and vomiting, lower back pain, tension headaches and ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_topics_characterized_as_pseudoscience

There is disputed evidence that it may be effective in combating postoperative nausea and vomiting. The use of essential oils ... the treatment of post-operative nausea and vomiting, managing challenging behaviors in people suffering from dementia and ... "Aromatherapy for treatment of postoperative nausea and vomiting". Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2018 (3): CD007598. doi:10.1002/ ... Some showed improved sleep, anxiety, mood, nausea, and pain while others showed no change in symptoms. Aromatherapy carries a ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aromatherapy

For postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV), solutions like saline, water, controlled breathing placebo and aromatherapy can ... Hines S, Steels E, Chang A, Gibbons K (March 2018). "Aromatherapy for treatment of postoperative nausea and vomiting". The ... reduces postoperative pain the amount of medication needed after surgery. Postoperative recovery has been defined as an energy‐ ... During the post-operative period, the person's general function is assessed, the outcome of the procedure is assessed, and the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surgery

"Supplemental perioperative intravenous crystalloids for postoperative nausea and vomiting". The Cochrane Database of Systematic ... It may be used for fluid replacement or during surgery to prevent nausea and vomiting after surgery. When blood is lost, the ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volume_expander

Henzi I, Tramèr MR (2003). "Metoclopramide for the Control of Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting". In Donnerer J (ed.). ... It is commonly used to treat and prevent nausea and vomiting, to help with emptying of the stomach in people with delayed ... They suggested its use in older children should be restricted to treating post-chemotherapy or post-surgery nausea and vomiting ... Metoclopramide is commonly used to treat nausea and vomiting associated with conditions such as uremia, radiation sickness, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metoclopramide

Another application is in the treatment of postoperative nausea and vomiting. Some serotonergic agonist drugs cause fibrosis ... Drugs that block 5HT3 are very effective in controlling the nausea and vomiting produced by cancer treatment, and are ... They are particularly important in treating the nausea and vomiting that occur during anticancer chemotherapy using cytotoxic ... This activates 5-HT3 receptors in the chemoreceptor trigger zone that stimulate vomiting. Thus, drugs and toxins stimulate ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serotonin

It reduces postoperative shivering, postoperative nausea and vomiting, and emergence delirium. However, a randomized controlled ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/General_anaesthesia

Fujii Y, Saitoh Y, Tanaka H, Toyooka H (February 2000). "Ramosetron for preventing postoperative nausea and vomiting in women ... Ramosetron (INN) is a serotonin 5-HT3 receptor antagonist for the treatment of nausea and vomiting. Ramosetron is also ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ramosetron

"Neurokinin-1 receptor antagonists in the prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting". British Journal of Anaesthesia. 103 ... With the exception of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting, the patho-physiological basis of many of the disease groups ... Hesketh PJ (Jul 2001). "Potential role of the NK1 receptor antagonists in chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting". Supportive ... One such drug is aprepitant to prevent the nausea and vomiting that accompanies chemotherapy, typically for cancer. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Substance_P

... for postoperative nausea and vomiting after cholecystectomy]". Annales De l'Anesthesiologie Francaise. 20 (2): 118-120. PMID ... chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting suggest that doses of metopimazine higher than approved for common nausea and vomiting ... Symptoms include nausea, vomiting, early satiety, postprandial fullness, bloating, and upper abdominal pain. For the first step ... Heckroth M, Luckett RT, Moser C, Parajuli D, Abell TL (April 2021). "Nausea and Vomiting in 2021: A Comprehensive Update". ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metopimazine

Kranke, P.; Apfel, C. C.; Roewer, N.; Fujii, Y. (2000). "Reported data on granisetron and postoperative nausea and vomiting by ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scientific_misconduct

Kranke, P.; Apfel, C.C.; Roewer, N.; Fujii, Y. (2000). "Reported data on granisetron and postoperative nausea and vomiting by ... The main subject of his research publications was clinical trials of medications to treat the nausea and vomiting that often ... of a dominating centre on a quantitative systematic review of granisetron for preventing postoperative nausea and vomiting". ... Fujii's reported findings regarding the effectiveness of granisetron in controlling post-surgical nausea and vomiting, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yoshitaka_Fujii

Reported data on granisetron and postoperative nausea and vomiting by Fujii et al. Are incredibly nice! Anesth Analg. 2000 Apr; ... The efficacy and safety of transdermal scopolamine for the prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting: A quantitative ... Efficacy and safety of perphenazine in the prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV): A quantitative systematic ... Algorithms for the prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting: An efficacy and efficiency simulation. European Journal of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter_Kranke

... for nausea and vomiting, and found it to be effective for reducing post-operative nausea, but not vomiting, when combined with ... Lee A, Done ML (2015). "Stimulation of the wrist acupuncture point P6 for preventing postoperative nausea and vomiting". ... "The P6 Acupuncture Point and Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting". The Scientific Review of Alternative Medicine. Archived from ... "Nausea and vomiting in early pregnancy". Bandolier. Archived from the original on 2007-05-25. Retrieved 2007-04-28. Kimball C. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nei_guan

They are efficacious in treating chemotherapy-induced emesis and postoperative nausea and vomiting. They include, but are not ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serotonin_receptor_antagonist

The Cochrane Collaboration reviewed the use of P6 for nausea and vomiting, and found it to be effective for reducing post- ... "Stimulation of the wrist acupuncture point PC6 for preventing postoperative nausea and vomiting". The Cochrane Database of ... "Nausea and vomiting in early pregnancy". 1999. Archived from the original on 2012-12-23. Barrett S (March 9, 2006). "Massage ... Although some medical studies have suggested that acupressure may be effective at helping manage nausea and vomiting, insomnia ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acupressure

"Postoperative nausea and vomiting after unrestricted clear fluids before day surgery: A retrospective analysis". European ... oral fluids right up until transfer to theatre could significantly reduce the incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting ... Alcohol overdoses that result in vomiting or severe external bleeding also warrant NPO instructions for a period. Pre-surgery ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nothing_by_mouth

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Preoperative_fasting

Hyoscine is a medication used to treat motion sickness and postoperative nausea and vomiting. Hyoscine may also refer to: ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyoscine_(disambiguation)

The use of nitrous oxide in anaesthesia can increase the risk of postoperative nausea and vomiting. Dentists use a simpler ... "Omission of Nitrous Oxide during Anesthesia Reduces the Incidence of Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting". Anesthesiology. 85 (5 ... meta-analysis of intraoperative awareness and postoperative emesis in randomized controlled trials". British Journal of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nitrous_oxide

"A factorial trial of six interventions for the prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting". N Engl J Med. 350 (24): 2441- ... Only 15% of postoperative infarctions present with chest pain, and 65% are entirely clinically silent which means that they ... How to prevent postoperative myocardial injury remains unknown. Beta blockers prevent myocardial infarctions, but at the cost ... The number-needed-to-test to detect postoperative infarctions that would otherwise be missed is roughly 1/(9%-2%) = 14 patients ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Outcomes_Research_Consortium

"Postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) after orthognathic surgery: a retrospective study and literature review". J. Oral ... nausea and vomiting. Infection rates of up to 7% are reported after orthognathic surgery; antibiotic prophylaxis reduces the ... There can also be some post operative facial numbness due to nerve damage. Diagnostics for nerve damage consist of: brush- ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orthognathic_surgery

As such, they can be used to treat post-operative and cytotoxic drug nausea & vomiting. However, they can also cause ... substances that induce nausea and vomiting Quinlan, Jeffrey D.; Hill, D. Ashley (1 June 2003). "Nausea and Vomiting in ... An antiemetic is a drug that is effective against vomiting and nausea. Antiemetics are typically used to treat motion sickness ... Preliminary clinical data suggests ginger may be effective for treatment of nausea and/or vomiting in a number of settings. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antiemetic

They have also been proven safe and effective for treatment of postoperative nausea and vomiting. Serotonin (5-HT) is found ... and postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV). Although they are more effective at controlling CINV-where they stop symptoms ... "Selective serotonin 5-HT3 receptor antagonists for postoperative nausea and vomiting: are they all the same?". CNS Drugs. 19 (3 ... to initiate the vomiting reflex. The 5-HT3 receptor antagonists suppress vomiting and nausea by inhibiting serotonin binding to ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/5-HT3_antagonist

This double-blind clinical trial assessed the incidence of nausea and vomiting after cataract surgery with intravenous ... Metoclopramide plus dexamethasone combination significantly decreased nausea and vomiting both in the recovery room and 24 ... The incidence of nausea in the recovery room was 44% with placebo, 20% with metoclopramide, 16% with dexamethasone and 8% with ... The incidence of vomiting was 20%, 4%, 4% and 0% respectively in the 4 groups. ...

http://www.emro.who.int/emhj-volume-16-2010/volume-16-issue-3/article9.html

Postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) is another distressing development after a surgical procedure. The vomiting center, or ... Postoperative nausea and vomiting. Its etiology, treatment, and prevention. Anesthesiology. 1992 Jul. 77 (1):162-84. [QxMD ... All of these factors ultimately lead to postoperative ileus, thus resulting in nausea, vomiting, distention, and absolute ... Pierre S, Whelan R. Nausea and vomiting after surgery. Contin Educ Anaesth Crit Care Pain. 2013. 13 (1):28-32. [Full Text]. ...

https://emedicine.medscape.com/article/2500137-overview

Postoperative Nausea/Vomiting. 20 mg IV; may repeat. ICU Patient. Initiation: 0.005 mg/kg/min IV for at least 5 min; titrate to ...

http://reference.medscape.com/drug/343100

14.2 Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting. Prevention of Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting The efficacy of Granisetron ... 14.1 Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting 14.2 Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting 16 HOW SUPPLIED/STORAGE AND HANDLING 17 ... 2.1 Prevention of Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting 2.2 Prevention and Treatment of Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting 3 ... or placebo after experiencing postoperative nausea or vomiting. Episodes of nausea and vomiting and use of rescue antiemetic ...

https://dailymed.nlm.nih.gov/dailymed/drugInfo.cfm?setid=f09de3da-8ad6-4f7e-96bb-3487836a11a0

Scopolamine is a medication used in the treatment of motion sickness and postoperative nausea and vomiting. Scopolamine is used ... to prevent nausea and vomiting caused by motion sickness or from anesthesia given during surgery. The Scope of the Chitin ...

https://www.openpr.com/news/624431/chitin-market-size-estimated-to-observe-significant-growth-during.html

Prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) for up to 24 hours following surgery. Efficacy beyond 24 hours has not ... chemotherapy with a moderate or high risk of causing nausea and vomiting. It is also given to prevent nausea and vomiting up to ... In patients where nausea and vomiting must be avoided during the postoperative period, palonosetron hydrochloride injection is ... The most common adverse reactions in postoperative nausea and vomiting (incidence ≥ 2%) were QT prolongation, bradycardia, ...

https://www.tevausa.com/news-and-media/press-releases/teva-announces-the-launch-of-a-generic-version-of-aloxi-in-the-united-states/

Capsicum plaster at the korean hand acupuncture point reduces postoperative nausea and vomiting after abdominal hysterectomy. ... Park, H. S., Kim, K. S., Min, H. K., and Kim, D. W. Prevention of postoperative sore throat using capsicum plaster applied at ... Kim, K. S., Kim, K. N., Hwang, K. G., and Park, C. J. Capsicum plaster at the Hegu point reduces postoperative analgesic ... Dahl, J. B., Mathiesen, O., and Kehlet, H. An expert opinion on postoperative pain management, with special reference to new ...

https://medlineplus.gov/spanish/druginfo/natural/945.html

It provides products to prevent chemotherapy-induced and post-operative nausea and vomiting; treat non-small-cell lung, ovarian ...

https://bamagazine.com/en/stocks/nyse/buy-merck-co-inc-stocks-nyse-mrk/

There was no benefit to giving patients supplemental oxygen during surgery to reduce postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV), ... Oxygen Concentration During Surgery: No Help for Post-Op Nausea, Vomiting. - Any oxygen fraction between 30% and 80% is fine ... Nearly all received postoperative opioids as well.. Sessler cautioned that the study did not have a randomized design, which ...

https://www.medpagetoday.com/meetingcoverage/asa/101368

There are no shortage of reasons to make preventing postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) a top priority, as this ... In the ambulatory surgery environment, regional anesthesia is a go-to technique for reducing postoperative pain.... ...

https://www.aorn.org/outpatient-surgery/article/-in-category/categories/pain-management

Demonstrated antiemetic efficacy in pregnancy, postoperative nausea and vomiting and vertigo. It is possibly ineffective for ... post-operative nausea and/or vomiting, osteoarthritis, respiratory infections, rheumatoid arthritis and for SSRI taper/ ... Insufficient reliable data to rate use in chemotherapy induced nausea and vomiting, migraine headache, osteoarthritis and ... It can be effective in treatment of dyspepsia, migraine headache, morning sickness, nausea (chemo induced), ...

https://www.rxlist.com/ginger/generic-drug.htm

... vomiting-specific dosing for Reglan, Metozolv ODT (metoclopramide), frequency-based adverse effects, comprehensive interactions ... Postoperative Nausea & Vomiting (Off-label). 10-20 mg IM administered near end of procedure; may be repeated postoperatively q4 ... Postoperative Nausea & Vomiting (Off-label). 0.1-2 mg/kg IV q6-8hr PRN ... Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea & Vomiting (Off-label). 1-2 mg/kg IV (infused over at least 15 minutes) 30 minutes before ...

https://reference.dev01.medscape.com/drug/reglan-metozolv-odt-metoclopramide-342051

A randomized-controlled trial of nabilone for the prevention of acute postoperative nausea and vomiting in elective surgery. ...

https://www.sickkids.ca/en/staff/l/david-levin/

... although there is some evidence to suggest that acupuncture may be effective for postoperative nausea and vomiting, and that ...

https://www.positivehealth.com/research/hunt-and-ernst-1

Tigan is indicated for the treatment of postoperative nausea and vomiting and for nausea associated with gastroenteritis. ... Antiemetics are not recommended for treatment of uncomplicated vomiting in children and their use should be limited to ... Caution should be exercised when administering Tigan to children for the treatment of vomiting. ... an area in the medulla oblongata through which emetic impulses are conveyed to the vomiting center; direct impulses to the ...

http://linkedlifedata.com/resource/dailymed-drugs/89

... the risk that ketamine-assisted IV anesthesia may lead to postoperative nausea, vomiting, delirium, and other adverse effects ... Gastroscopy is one of the most important tools for diagnosing upper gastrointestinal diseases, but nausea, vomiting, and other ... nausea, and vomiting (Table 5). The pain score measured by VAS at the recovery of consciousness after gastroscopy in Group L ( ... nausea, vomiting). Sedation-related adverse events were recorded and managed using the Sedation Adverse Event Reporting ...

https://www.dovepress.com/intravenous-lidocaine-significantly-reduces-the-propofol-dose-in-elder-peer-reviewed-fulltext-article-DDDT

Aprepitant for postoperative nausea and vomiting: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Singh, P. M., Borle, A., Rewari, V., ...

https://profiles.wustl.edu/en/organisations/department-of-anesthesiology/publications/?type=%2Fdk%2Fatira%2Fpure%2Fresearchoutput%2Fresearchoutputtypes%2Fcontributiontojournal%2Fsystematicreview&ordering=type&descending=false&page=1

I dont use metoclopramide for post-operative nausea vomiting (prophylactic or treatment), but thats another blog post. ... vomiting, constipation, nausea, pruritus, pyrexia, anemia, headache and dizziness."" ... "Results: Intraoperative administration of 40 mL/kg compared with 15 mL/kg LR led to significant improvements in postoperative ... JAMA just published Continuous positive airway pressure for treatment of postoperative hypoxemia: a randomized controlled trial ...

https://wakingupcosts.net/index/channel/practice/2005/03/01

Dune, L. S., & Shiao, S. Y. (2006). Meta-analysis of acustimulation effects on postoperative nausea and vomiting in children. ...

http://pepsic.bvsalud.org/scielo.php?script=sci_nlinks&ref=3480133&pid=S1413-389X201000020000900017&lng=pt

Control of postoperative nausea and vomiting. Postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) is a common problem encountered in the ... Rahman MH, Beattie J. Post-operative nausea and vomiting. The Pharmaceutical Journal. 2004/11. 273:786-788. ... Postoperative Management. Pain management. Pain is a common issue in the evaluation of the postoperative patient. [26, 27] One ... Anesthesia carries an inherent risk of the patients vomiting and aspirating the stomach contents. Nil per os (NPO; nothing by ...

https://emedicine.dev01.medscape.com/article/936148-overview

Comprehensive Anesthesia Care research papers discuss the comprehensive anesthesia care for postoperative nausea and vomiting ...

https://papermasters.com/nursing/nursing-care

This type of nausea and vomiting usually starts around 5 weeks... read more , postoperative nausea and vomiting, motion ... nausea and vomiting Nausea and Vomiting During Early Pregnancy Pregnancy frequently causes nausea and vomiting. It is often ... Ginger is relatively safe and may be effective for pregnancy-related nausea and postoperative nausea and vomiting. Ginger may ... Scientific studies suggest ginger is effective for pregnancy-related nausea and postoperative nausea and vomiting, but not for ...

https://www.msdmanuals.com/en-jp/home/special-subjects/dietary-supplements-and-vitamins/ginger

Recently, Heron received U.S. FDA approval for post-operative agent to address nausea and vomiting. This is the fourth drug ...

https://hk.finance.yahoo.com/news/4-no-brainer-penny-stocks-134543740.html

Investigation of the effects of preoperative hydration on the postoperative nausea and vomiting. Yavuz, M Selçuk; Kazanci, ... Preoperative carbohydrate nutrition reduces postoperative nausea and vomiting compared to preoperative fasting. Yilmaz, ... The effect of neostigmine and atropine combination on postoperative nausea and vomiting after arthroscopic surgery]. / ... Efficacy of wound infiltration with lornoxicam for postoperative analgesia following thyroidectomy: a prospective, randomized, ...

https://pesquisa.bvsalud.org/saudepublica/?lang=pt&q=au:Cosar,+Ahmet

... related to anesthetic factors appear to be low and predominantly related to pain and postoperative nausea and vomiting. A ... Abstract:Thyroidectomy has been performed on an inpatient basis because of concerns regarding postoperative complications. ...

https://blogs.edgehill.ac.uk/aintreewalton/2017/05/18/aintree-ambulatory-thyroidectomy-an-anesthesiologists-perspective/

Nausea, Postoperative. PONV. Postoperative Emeses. Postoperative Emesis. Postoperative Nausea. Postoperative Vomiting. Vomiting ... Emesis, Postoperative Postoperative Emeses Postoperative Emesis Postoperative Vomiting Postoperative Nausea - Narrower Concept ... Emeses, Postoperative. Emesis, Postoperative. Nausea and Vomiting, Postoperative. ... Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting - Preferred Concept UI. M0029915. Scope note. Emesis and queasiness occurring after ...

https://decs.bvsalud.org/en/ths/resource/?id=33763

POSTOPERATIVE NAUSEA AND VOMITING. NAUSEA E VOMITO POSTOPERATORIO. NÁUSEA E VÔMITO PÓS-OPERATÓRIO. ...

https://decs2010.bvsalud.org/I/decswebpage2i.htm

POSTOPERATIVE NAUSEA AND VOMITING. NAUSEA E VOMITO POSTOPERATORIO. NEOCALLIMASTICALES. NEOCALLIMASTICALES. NEOCALLIMASTICALES. ...

https://decs2007.bvsalud.org/P/decswebpage2p.htm

The global postoperative nausea and vomiting (ponv) treatment market is expected to witness a significant CAGR of X.X% during the forecast period from 2023 to 2030. (researchcorridor.com)
The global postoperative nausea and vomiting (ponv) treatment market report provides a comprehensive understanding of the industry being analyzed. (researchcorridor.com)
The postoperative nausea and vomiting (ponv) treatment market report offers a primary overview of the postoperative nausea and vomiting (ponv) treatment industry covering different product definitions, classifications, and participants in the industry chain structure. (researchcorridor.com)
The global postoperative nausea and vomiting (ponv) treatment market report examines the market dynamics, trends, and opportunities across major regions, including North America, Europe, Asia Pacific, Latin America, and the Middle East and Africa (MEA). (researchcorridor.com)
The purpose of this study was to look at the effectiveness of low dose granisetron, a common antiemetic used for postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV). (und.edu)
Prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) for up to 24 hours following surgery. (tevausa.com)
NEW ORLEANS -- There was no benefit to giving patients supplemental oxygen during surgery to reduce postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV), according to a post hoc analysis of a randomized trial. (medpagetoday.com)
There are no shortage of reasons to make preventing postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) a top priority, as this problematic complication often prolongs. (aorn.org)

An estimated 20-30% of all surgery patients experience postoperative nausea and vomiting. (und.edu)
Despite these interventions, some patients will experience postoperative pain exceeding the ability of NSAIDs to mitigate. (netce.com)

Postoperative nausea and vomiting are common complications of anaesthesia. (who.int)
In both studies, there was a significant reduction in the length of hospital stay in the ERAS group with no increase in postoperative complications. (medscape.com)

Demonstrated antiemetic efficacy in pregnancy, postoperative nausea and vomiting and vertigo . (rxlist.com)

nausea and vomiting associated with initial and repeat courses of moderately emetogenic cancer chemotherapy. (nih.gov)
Palonosetron hydrochloride injection-in a class of medications called 5-HT 3 receptor antagonists-is used in adults to prevent nausea and vomiting that may occur as a result of receiving cancer chemotherapy with a moderate or high risk of causing nausea and vomiting. (tevausa.com)

This double-blind clinical trial assessed the incidence of nausea and vomiting after cataract surgery with intravenous anaesthesia in 100 patients randomly assigned to preinduction placebo (saline), metoclopramide (10 mg), dexamethasone (8 mg) or the 2 drugs combined. (who.int)
The incidence of nausea in the recovery room was 44% with placebo, 20% with metoclopramide, 16% with dexamethasone and 8% with the combination. (who.int)
The incidence of vomiting was 20%, 4%, 4% and 0% respectively in the 4 groups. (who.int)
In patients where nausea and vomiting must be avoided during the postoperative period, palonosetron hydrochloride injection is recommended even where the incidence of postoperative nausea and/or vomiting is low. (tevausa.com)
In clinical trials, the most common adverse reactions in chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting in adults (incidence ≥ 5%) were headache and constipation. (tevausa.com)
The most common adverse reactions in postoperative nausea and vomiting (incidence ≥ 2%) were QT prolongation, bradycardia, headache, and constipation. (tevausa.com)

It can be effective in treatment of dyspepsia , migraine headache , morning sickness, nausea ( chemo induced), post-operative nausea and/or vomiting, osteoarthritis , respiratory infections, rheumatoid arthritis and for SSRI taper/discontinuation. (rxlist.com)

The information from this study is beneficial to anesthesia providers in helping prevent and treat postoperative nausea and vomiting and to nursing professionals in helping improve patient outcome and satisfaction following open cholecystectomy and abdominal hysterectomy surgery. (und.edu)
In the ambulatory surgery environment, regional anesthesia is a go-to technique for reducing postoperative pain. (aorn.org)

[ 6 ] They reported a better outcome in the ERAS group with implementation of only the postoperative components of ERAS. (medscape.com)

There are some high quality trials that support the use of acupuncture for some types of pain and nausea, but there are also high quality trials that contradict this conclusion. (dcscience.net)
Results were unconvincing for most conditions, although there is some evidence to suggest that acupuncture may be effective for postoperative nausea and vomiting, and that hypnotherapy may be effective in reducing procedure-related pain. (positivehealth.com)

prevention of radiation-induced nausea and vomiting (greater than or equal to 2%) are: headache, constipation, and diarrhea. (nih.gov)

Nausea and Vomiting During Early Pregnancy Pregnancy frequently causes nausea and vomiting. (msdmanuals.com)
Scientific studies suggest ginger is effective for pregnancy-related nausea and postoperative nausea and vomiting, but not for nausea caused by chemotherapy. (msdmanuals.com)
Ginger is relatively safe and may be effective for pregnancy-related nausea and postoperative nausea and vomiting. (msdmanuals.com)

Cette étude clinique en double aveugle évaluait l'incidence des nausées et des vomissements après une chirurgie de la cataracte avec anesthésie par voie intraveineuse chez 100 patients auxquels un placebo (eau saline), du métoclopramide (10 mg), de la dexaméthasone (8 mg) ou les deux médicaments associés avaient été administrés de manière randomisée avant l'opération. (who.int)
L'association du métoclopramide et de la dexaméthasone a considérablement réduit les nausées et vomissements, non seulement en salle de réveil mais également dans les 24 heures qui suivent, et est recommandée pour les groupes à haut risque, notamment pour les patients opérés en ambulatoire. (who.int)
nausea and vomiting associated with radiotherapy in patients receiving either total body irradiation, single high-dose fraction to the abdomen, or daily fractions to the abdomen. (nih.gov)
A number of subspecialties have started implementing ERAS in their patients and have shown improved postoperative outcomes. (medscape.com)
Several studies have documented the inability of nurses, physicians, and parents/guardians to correctly identify and treat pain, even in postoperative pediatric patients. (nysora.com)
As with other antiemetics, routine prophylaxis is not recommended in patients in whom there is little expectation that nausea and/or vomiting will occur postoperatively. (tevausa.com)

Preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative components of Enhanced Recovery After Surgery (ERAS). (medscape.com)
It is also given to prevent nausea and vomiting up to 24 hours after surgery. (tevausa.com)
The effect of neostigmine and atropine combination on postoperative nausea and vomiting after arthroscopic surgery]. (bvsalud.org)

Although there was no significant difference in the 1-year morbidity among the groups, heart failure was observed in one patient in the high liberal group in the early postoperative period. (dovepress.com)
This patient tolerated oral analgesics, but acetaminophen can be administered intravenously for those experiencing problems with postoperative nausea and vomiting. (netce.com)

prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting (greater than or equal to 9%) are: headache and hypoxia. (nih.gov)

At this time, basic postoperative issues can also be addressed, including the anticipated length of hospital stay, the activity and dietary restrictions in the postoperative period, and the time the child will likely be away from school. (medscape.com)

Metoclopramide plus dexamethasone combination significantly decreased nausea and vomiting both in the recovery room and 24 hours afterwards and is recommended for high-risk groups, especially in outpatient surgeries. (who.int)

Meta-analysis of acustimulation effects on postoperative nausea and vomiting in children. (bvsalud.org)

Fourth Consensus Guidelines for the Management of Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting. (nih.gov)

The components of ERAS may be broadly divided into preadmission, preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative phases, each of which includes various distinct components (see the image below). (medscape.com)
In contrast to other studies that used limited intra- and postoperative care elements, the authors maximized the use of ERAS care elements in the study population, including the preoperative components whenever feasible and most of the intraoperative and postoperative components. (medscape.com)

National Institutes of Health (NIH) studies have shown that acupuncture is an effective treatment alone or in combination with conventional therapies to treat the following: Nausea caused by surgical anesthesia and cancer chemotherapy. (kembrel.com)
Prevention and treatment of nausea and vomiting in chemotherapy with cytostatics. (lekarstwo.ru)
It was approved by the FDA in July 2003 to treat Chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting. (mrmed.in)
It is also used to treat Chemotherapy induced nausea & vomiting. (mrmed.in)
In certain people, cannabinoids may be effective in reducing chemotherapy associated nausea and vomiting. (parasitetesting.com)

1). Anaesthesia, 1994, Volume 49 (Supplement), pages 34-37 Ondansetron, clinical development for postoperative nausea and vomiting: current studies and future directions A. F. JOSLYN Summary The clinical development of ondansetron for the prevention and treatment of postoperative nausea and vomiting has been progressing for 5 years, and continues as new directions of research are being … transdermal scopolamine). (shakhidi.com)
Ondansetron (Zofran) is effective for nausea and vomiting but is expensive. (parasitetesting.com)

Anaesthesia-related factors: use of �volatile anaesthetics, nitrous oxide, large-dose �neostigmine, or intraoperative or postoperative opioids. (hospitalpharmacyeurope.com)
PECSB significantly reduced intraoperative remifentanil usage and postoperative pain. (springeropen.com)

The mean postoperative total opioid requirement per patient was 32 mg of pethidine. (hkmj.org)

Nausea is a subjective sensation of an urge to vomit associated with epigastric cramps, an aversion to food and general faintness. (hospitalpharmacyeurope.com)
Nausea is a sensation of unease and discomfort in the upper stomach with an involuntary urge to vomit. (parasitetesting.com)

Cite this: Prevention of Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting - Medscape - Jan 01, 2007. (medscape.com)
For the treatment and prevention of postoperative nausea and vomiting in children, granisetron is not used. (lekarstwo.ru)

Vomiting, or emesis, is defined as the expulsion of gastric contents through the mouth after contraction of the abdominal muscle, the descent of the diaphragm and the opening of the gastric cardia. (hospitalpharmacyeurope.com)

Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting market report covers a descriptive overview and comprehensive insight of the Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting Epidemiology and Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting market in the 7MM (the United States, EU5 (Germany, Spain, France, Italy, UK) & Japan. (mountaintoday.in)

number of conditions involving balance such as motion sickness and vertigo can lead to nausea and vomiting. (parasitetesting.com)

Nausea, retching, or vomiting usually occurs during the first 24-48 h after surgery in inpatients. (mountaintoday.in)
It suppresses vomiting that occurs when the parasympathetic nervous system is excited due to the release of serotonin by enterochromaffin cells. (lekarstwo.ru)
The chemotherapeutic trigger zone( CTZ) contains the receptor serotonin, when this CTZ is stimulated, vomiting occurs. (mrmed.in)

Dimenhydrinate (Gravol) is an inexpensive and effective medication for preventing postoperative nausea and vomiting. (parasitetesting.com)

The released serotonin may stimulate the vagal afferents through the 5-HT receptors and initiate the vomiting reflex. (nih.gov)
The vomiting centre in the brainstem is activated by the chemoreceptor trigger zone (CTZ), which is rich in serotonin type-3 (5HT3), histamine type-1 (H1), muscarinic cholinergic type-1 (M1), dopamine type-2 (D2), neurokinin type-1 (NK1) and opioid receptors. (hospitalpharmacyeurope.com)
In addition, stimulation of H1 and/or M1 receptors in the vestibular labyrinth via the CTZ can also activate the vomiting centre. (hospitalpharmacyeurope.com)
Finally, peripheral input via gastrointestinal vagal nerve fibres can also stimulate the brainstem vomiting centre by activation of 5HT3, NK1 or D2 receptors. (hospitalpharmacyeurope.com)

Then, efferent pathways involving the salivary, respiratory and vasomotor centres and cranial nerves mediate vomiting. (hospitalpharmacyeurope.com)

and Dr. Pace for their interest in our meta-regression analysis of the relationship of duration of exposure to the risk of nitrous oxide (N 2 O)-induced postoperative nausea and vomiting. (asahq.org)
The influence of type of surgery on postoperative nausea and vomiting risk is still debated, and a rationale for a differential effect of nitrous oxide in specific surgeries is unclear. (asahq.org)

11. A comparison between inhalational (Desflurane) and total intravenous anaesthesia (Propofol and dexmedetomidine) in improving postoperative recovery for morbidly obese patients undergoing laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy: A double-blinded randomised controlled trial. (nih.gov)

It is a type of serotonin receptor antagonist, which works by blocking the action of serotonin in the body that induces nausea and vomiting. (mrmed.in)
Palonosetron prevents the signals from serotonin and helps to reduce the symptoms of nausea and vomiting. (mrmed.in)

The Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting market report provides insights on the current and emerging therapies. (mountaintoday.in)
The dynamics of the Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting market are anticipated to change in the coming years owing to the expected launch of emerging therapies by key companies such as Vivozon, Avenue Therapeutics, Taiwan Liposome Company , and others during the forecasted period 2019-2032. (mountaintoday.in)

Pain, nausea and vomiting are frequently listed by patients as their most important perioperative concerns. (nih.gov)
Acute postoperative pain is an integral risk factor in the development of chronic pain after breast cancer surgery (BCS). (springeropen.com)

A person can suffer nausea without vomiting. (parasitetesting.com)

The paucity of data on postoperative IPNs for esophageal cancer causes a clinical dilemma. (bvsalud.org)

A meta-analysis of 13 studies (1174 subjects) reported ginger was significantly more effective than placebo in relieving pregnancy-related nausea but not vomiting. (msdmanuals.com)
Meta-analysis of acustimulation effects on postoperative nausea and vomiting in children. (bvsalud.org)
Featured Review: Drugs for preventing postoperative nausea and vomiting in adults after general anaesthesia: a network meta-analysis Why are people sick after an operation? (shakhidi.com)

Stimulation of these chemoreceptor triggers activates the vomiting centre. (hospitalpharmacyeurope.com)

In addition, the World Health Organization (WHO) also lists acupuncture as proven to be effective in relieving nausea during pregnancy, anxiety, panic disorders and insomnia. (acufinder.com)
Nausea may also be caused by anxiety, disgust and depression. (parasitetesting.com)

Nausea or "morning sickness" is common during early pregnancy but may occasionally continue into the second and third trimesters. (parasitetesting.com)
Pregnancy should therefore be considered as a possible cause of nausea in any women of child bearing age. (parasitetesting.com)
Pyridoxine or metoclopramide are the first line treatments for pregnancy related nausea and vomiting. (parasitetesting.com)

Netupitant, Palonosetron is an anti-emetic agent used to treat Postoperative nausea & vomiting. (mrmed.in)

Metoclopramide plus dexamethasone combination significantly decreased nausea and vomiting both in the recovery room and 24 hours afterwards and is recommended for high-risk groups, especially in outpatient surgeries. (who.int)

We analysed 30 consecutive cases between 1 January 2015 and 31 March 2015 to investigate the postoperative opioid requirements using this anaesthesia protocol. (hkmj.org)

If dehydration is present due to loss of fluids from severe vomiting and/or accompanying diarrhea, rehydration with oral electrolyte solutions is preferred. (parasitetesting.com)

Many medications can potentially cause nausea. (parasitetesting.com)

L'incidence des nausées en salle de réveil était de 44 % avec le placebo, 20 % avec le métoclopramide, 16 % avec la dexaméthasone et 8 % avec l'association des deux médicaments. (who.int)

Postoperative nausea and vomiting remains a common cause of morbidity. (shakhidi.com)

About one-third of people experience vomiting, and half of them experience nausea. (mountaintoday.in)
However only 25% of people with nausea visit their family physician. (parasitetesting.com)

Diseases8

Chemicals and Drugs26

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment34

Phenomena and Processes1

Disciplines and Occupations1

Health Care11

Effects of anticholinergics on postoperative vomiting, recovery, and hospital stay in children undergoing tonsillectomy with or without adenoidectomy. (1/321)

Comparison of three solutions of ropivacaine/fentanyl for postoperative patient-controlled epidural analgesia. (2/321)

Postoperative analgesia and vomiting, with special reference to day-case surgery: a systematic review. (3/321)

Prophylactic antiemetic therapy with a combination of granisetron and dexamethasone in patients undergoing middle ear surgery. (4/321)

Neostigmine with glycopyrrolate does not increase the incidence or severity of postoperative nausea and vomiting in outpatients undergoing gynaecological laparoscopy. (5/321)

Comparison of intrathecal and epidural diamorphine for elective caesarean section using a combined spinal-epidural technique. (6/321)

Antiemetic activity of the NK1 receptor antagonist GR205171 in the treatment of established postoperative nausea and vomiting after major gynaecological surgery. (7/321)

Glycopyrrolate reduces nausea during spinal anaesthesia for caesarean section without affecting neonatal outcome. (8/321)

Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting

Antiemetics

Nausea

Droperidol

Ondansetron

Vomiting

Metoclopramide

Anesthesia, General

Gynecologic Surgical Procedures

Acupressure

Ambulatory Surgical Procedures

Pain, Postoperative

Nitrous Oxide

Double-Blind Method

Granisetron

Analgesics, Opioid

Preanesthetic Medication

Acupuncture Points

Propofol

Serotonin 5-HT3 Receptor Antagonists

Anesthetics, Intravenous

Analgesia, Patient-Controlled

Anesthesia, Conduction

Postoperative Complications

Anesthesia Department, Hospital

Fentanyl

Anesthesia Recovery Period

Obstetric Surgical Procedures

Acupuncture

Anesthesia, Intravenous

Myringoplasty

Morphine

Anesthesia, Inhalation

Alfentanil

Strabismus

Intraoperative Period

Prospective Studies

Dexamethasone

Serotonin Antagonists

Pruritus

Injections, Intravenous

Anesthetics, Inhalation

Intraoperative Care

Quinolizines

Neostigmine

Sufentanil

Anesthesia, Obstetrical

Cholecystectomy, Laparoscopic

Laparoscopy

Anesthetics, Combined

Oxygen Inhalation Therapy

Treatment Outcome

Piperidines

Anesthesia

Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic

Anesthetics

Single-Blind Method

Drug Administration Schedule

Analgesia, Epidural

Anesthesia, Spinal

Methyl Ethers

Hysterectomy

Pain Measurement

Drug Therapy, Combination

Isoflurane

Postoperative Period

Patient Satisfaction

Dose-Response Relationship, Drug

Anesthetics, Local

Infusions, Intravenous

Analgesics

Motion Sickness

Effects of anticholinergics on postoperative vomiting, recovery, and hospital stay in children undergoing tonsillectomy with or without adenoidectomy. (1/321)

Comparison of three solutions of ropivacaine/fentanyl for postoperative patient-controlled epidural analgesia. (2/321)

Postoperative analgesia and vomiting, with special reference to day-case surgery: a systematic review. (3/321)

Prophylactic antiemetic therapy with a combination of granisetron and dexamethasone in patients undergoing middle ear surgery. (4/321)

Neostigmine with glycopyrrolate does not increase the incidence or severity of postoperative nausea and vomiting in outpatients undergoing gynaecological laparoscopy. (5/321)

Comparison of intrathecal and epidural diamorphine for elective caesarean section using a combined spinal-epidural technique. (6/321)

Antiemetic activity of the NK1 receptor antagonist GR205171 in the treatment of established postoperative nausea and vomiting after major gynaecological surgery. (7/321)

Glycopyrrolate reduces nausea during spinal anaesthesia for caesarean section without affecting neonatal outcome. (8/321)