Population Surveillance
Sentinel Surveillance
Public Health Surveillance
Product Surveillance, Postmarketing
Immunologic Surveillance
Disease Outbreaks
Disease Notification
Epidemiological field studies of animal populations. (1/10096)
Numerous survey designs have been developed for epidemiological field studies of human populations, most of which are also applicable to field studies of animal poulations. Each design has its own advantages and disadvantages. The final design selected for a particular study depends upon such factors as the overall purpose of the study, the geographic dimensions of the study area, the diseases incidence or prevalence and species to be studied as well as the planned use for the data. Population dynamics including the distribution and density of the species to be studied are factors that should also be considered in the initial design of a study. A surveillance system, using mailed questionnaire data and a subsequent survey using direct interviews of validate the data in a statewide study of swine birth defects are used to illustrate some of the techniques that can be applied to domestic animal populations in a fairly large geographic area. The type of data collected, its use and its limitations are also considered. (+info)Constitutional, biochemical and lifestyle correlates of fibrinogen and factor VII activity in Polish urban and rural populations. (2/10096)
BACKGROUND: Fibrinogen and factor VII activity are known to be related to atherosclerosis and coronary heart disease, but population differences in clotting factors and modifiable characteristics that influence their levels have not been widely explored. METHODS: This paper examines correlates of plasma fibrinogen concentration and factor VII activity in 2443 men and women aged 35-64 in random samples selected from the residents in two districts in urban Warsaw (618 men and 651 women) and from rural Tarnobrzeg Province (556 men and 618 women) screened in 1987-1988, and assesses which characteristics might explain urban-rural differences. Fibrinogen and factor VII activity were determined using coagulation methods. RESULTS: Fibrinogen was 12.9 mg/dl higher in men and 14.1 mg/dl higher in women in Tarnobrzeg compared to Warsaw. Factor VII activity was higher in Warsaw (9.2% in men and 15.3% in women). After adjustment for selected characteristics, fibrinogen was higher in smokers compared to non-smokers by 28 mg/dl in men and 22 mg/dl in women. In women, a 15 mg/dl increase in HDL-cholesterol was associated with a 10 mg/dl decrease in fibrinogen (P < 0.01). After adjustment for other variables, a higher factor VII activity in Warsaw remained significant (a difference of 9.4% in men and 14.8% in women). Lower fibrinogen in Warsaw remained significant only in women (15.4 mg/dl difference). CONCLUSIONS: The study confirmed that sex, age, BMI, smoking and blood lipids are related to clotting factors. However, with the exception of gender differences and smoking, associations between clotting factors and other variables were small and of questionable practical importance. (+info)Socioeconomic inequalities and disability pension in middle-aged men. (3/10096)
BACKGROUND: The issue of inequalities in health has generated much discussion and socioeconomic status is considered an important variable in studies of health. It is frequently used in epidemiological studies, either as a possible risk factor or a confounder and the aim of this study was to analyse the relation between socioeconomic status and risk of disability pension. METHODS: Five complete birth year cohorts of middle-aged male residents in Malmo were invited to a health survey and 5782 with complete data constituted the cohort in this prospective study. Each subject was followed for approximately 11 years and nationwide Swedish data registers were used for surveillance. RESULTS: Among the 715 men (12%), granted disability pension during follow-up, three groups were distinguished. The cumulative incidence of disability pension among blue collar workers was 17% and among lower and higher level white collar workers, 11% and 6% respectively. With simultaneous adjustment for biological risk factors and job conditions, the relative risk for being granted a disability pension (using higher level white collar workers as reference) was 2.5 among blue collar workers and 1.6 among lower level white collar workers. CONCLUSIONS: Socioeconomic status, as defined by occupation, is a risk factor for being granted disability pension even after adjusting for work conditions and other risk factors for disease. (+info)A method for calculating age-weighted death proportions for comparison purposes. (4/10096)
OBJECTIVE: To introduce a method for calculating age-weighted death proportions (wDP) for comparison purposes. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A methodological study using secondary data from the municipality of Sao Paulo, Brazil (1980-1994) was carried out. First, deaths are weighted in terms of years of potential life lost before the age of 100 years. Then, in order to eliminate distortion of comparisons among proportions of years of potential life lost before the age of 100 years (pYPLL-100), the denominator is set to that of a standard age distribution of deaths for all causes. Conventional death proportions (DP), pYPLL-100, and wDP were calculated. RESULTS: Populations in which deaths from a particular cause occur at older ages exhibit lower wDP than those in which deaths occur at younger ages. The sum of all cause-specific wDP equals one only when the test population has exactly the same age distribution of deaths for all causes as that of the standard population. CONCLUSION: Age-weighted death proportions improve the information given by conventional DP, and are strongly recommended for comparison purposes. (+info)Role of schools in the transmission of measles in rural Senegal: implications for measles control in developing countries. (5/10096)
Patterns of measles transmission at school and at home were studied in 1995 in a rural area of Senegal with a high level of vaccination coverage. Among 209 case children with a median age of 8 years, there were no deaths, although the case fatality ratio has previously been 6-7% in this area. Forty percent of the case children had been vaccinated against measles; the proportion of vaccinated children was higher among secondary cases (47%) than among index cases (33%) (prevalence ratio = 1.36, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.04-1.76). Vaccinated index cases may have been less infectious than unvaccinated index cases, since they produced fewer clinical cases among exposed children (relative risk = 0.55, 95% CI 0.29-1.04). The secondary attack rate was lower in the schools than in the homes (relative risk = 0.31, 95% CI 0.20-0.49). The school outbreaks were protracted, with 4-5 generations of cases being seen in the two larger schools. Vaccine efficacy was found to be 57% (95% CI -23 to 85) in the schools and 74% (95% CI 62-82) in the residential compounds. Measles infection resulted in a mean of 3.8 days of absenteeism per case, though this did not appear to have an impact on the children's grades. Among the index cases, 56% of children were probably infected by neighbors in the community, and 7% were probably infected at health centers, 13% outside the community, and 24% in one of the three schools which had outbreaks during the epidemic. However, most of the school-related cases occurred at the beginning and therefore contributed to the general propagation of the epidemic. To prevent school outbreaks, it may be necessary to require vaccination prior to school entry and to revaccinate children in individual schools upon detection of cases of measles. Multidose measles vaccination schedules will be necessary to control measles in developing countries. (+info)Reliability of information on physical activity and other chronic disease risk factors among US women aged 40 years or older. (6/10096)
Data on chronic disease risk behaviors and related variables, including barriers to and attitudes toward physical activity, are lacking for women of some racial/ethnic groups. A test-retest study was conducted from July 1996 through June 1997 among US women (n = 199) aged 40 years or more who were white, black, American Indian/Alaska Native, or Hispanic. The sample was selected and interviews were conducted using a modified version of the methods of the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System. For behavioral risk factors such as physical inactivity, smoking, and low fruit and vegetable consumption, group prevalences were generally similar between interviews 1 and 2. However, kappa values for selected physical activity variables ranged from 0.26 to 0.51 and tended to be lower for black women. Discordance was low for variables on cigarette smoking and exposure to environmental tobacco smoke (kappa = 0.64-0.92). Discordance was high (kappa = 0.33) for low consumption of fruits and vegetables. Additional variables for barriers to and access to exercise ranged widely across racial/ethnic groups and in terms of measures of agreement. These methods illustrate an efficient way to sample and assess the reliability of data collected from women of racial/ethnic minority groups. (+info)Capture-recapture models including covariate effects. (7/10096)
Capture-recapture methods are used to estimate the incidence of a disease, using a multiple-source registry. Usually, log-linear methods are used to estimate population size, assuming that not all sources of notification are dependent. Where there are categorical covariates, a stratified analysis can be performed. The multinomial logit model has occasionally been used. In this paper, the authors compare log-linear and logit models with and without covariates, and use simulated data to compare estimates from different models. The crude estimate of population size is biased when the sources are not independent. Analyses adjusting for covariates produce less biased estimates. In the absence of covariates, or where all covariates are categorical, the log-linear model and the logit model are equivalent. The log-linear model cannot include continuous variables. To minimize potential bias in estimating incidence, covariates should be included in the design and analysis of multiple-source disease registries. (+info)Cancer risk in close relatives of women with early-onset breast cancer--a population-based incidence study. (8/10096)
Inherited susceptibility to breast cancer is associated with an early onset and bilateral disease. The extent of familial risks has not, however, been fully assessed in population-based incidence studies. The purpose of the study was to quantify the risks for cancers of the breast, ovary and other sites of close relatives of women in whom breast cancer was diagnosed at an early age. Records collected between 1943 and 1990 at the Danish Cancer Registry were searched, and 2860 women were found in whom breast cancer was diagnosed before age 40. Population registers and parish records were used to identify 14 973 parents, siblings and offspring of these women. Cancer occurrence through to 31 December 1993 was determined within the Cancer Registry's files and compared with national incidence rates. Women with early-onset breast cancer were at a nearly fourfold increased risk of developing a new cancer later in life (268 observed vs. 68.9 expected). The excess risk was most evident for second cancer of the breast (181 vs. 24.5) and for ovarian cancer (20 vs. 3.3). For mothers and sisters, risks for cancers of the breast and ovary were significantly increased by two- to threefold. Bilateral breast cancer and breast-ovarian cancer were very strong predictors of familial risks, with one in four female relatives predicted to develop breast and/or ovarian cancer by age 75. Mothers had a slightly increased risk of colon cancer, but not endometrial cancer. The risk for breast cancer was also increased among fathers (standardized incidence ratio 2.5; 95% CI 0.5-7.4) and especially brothers (29; 7.7-74), although based on small numbers. The risk for prostatic cancer was unremarkable. In this large population-based survey, the first-degree relatives of women who developed breast cancer before age 40 were prone to ovarian cancer as well as male and female breast cancer, but not other tumours that may share susceptibility genes with breast cancer. (+info)Population surveillance in a public health and medical context refers to the ongoing, systematic collection, analysis, interpretation, and dissemination of health-related data for a defined population over time. It aims to monitor the health status, identify emerging health threats or trends, and evaluate the impact of interventions within that population. This information is used to inform public health policy, prioritize healthcare resources, and guide disease prevention and control efforts. Population surveillance can involve various data sources, such as vital records, disease registries, surveys, and electronic health records.
Sentinel surveillance is a type of public health surveillance that is used to monitor the occurrence and spread of specific diseases or health events in a defined population. It is called "sentinel" because it relies on a network of carefully selected healthcare providers, hospitals, or laboratories to report cases of the disease or event of interest.
The main goal of sentinel surveillance is to provide timely and accurate information about the incidence and trends of a particular health problem in order to inform public health action. This type of surveillance is often used when it is not feasible or practical to monitor an entire population, such as in the case of rare diseases or emerging infectious diseases.
Sentinel surveillance systems typically require well-defined criteria for case identification and reporting, as well as standardized data collection and analysis methods. They may also involve active monitoring and follow-up of cases to better understand the epidemiology of the disease or event. Overall, sentinel surveillance is an important tool for detecting and responding to public health threats in a timely and effective manner.
Public health surveillance is the ongoing, systematic collection, analysis, and interpretation of health-related data essential to planning, implementing, and evaluating public health practice, closely integrated with the timely dissemination of these data to those who need to know. It does not include data collected for patient care or routine administrative purposes. The purpose of public health surveillance is to provide information for action to prevent and control disease or injury, and to promote health. This can include monitoring trends in diseases, conditions, or other health-related events, identifying high-risk groups or populations, detecting outbreaks or clusters of disease, and evaluating the effectiveness of interventions and policies.
Product surveillance, postmarketing refers to the ongoing monitoring and evaluation of a pharmaceutical or medical device product after it has been approved and released on the market. This process is used to detect any safety issues, adverse effects, or product performance concerns that may not have been identified during clinical trials. The data collected from postmarketing surveillance helps regulatory agencies, such as the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA), to make informed decisions about the continued use, modification, or withdrawal of a product from the market. Postmarketing surveillance is an essential component of post-market risk management and helps ensure the safety and efficacy of medical products throughout their lifecycle.
Immunologic surveillance is the concept that the immune system plays a critical role in monitoring and defending the body against the development of malignancies or cancers. The immune cells, particularly T-cells and natural killer (NK) cells, are constantly scanning the body for any abnormal changes in cells, such as mutations or viral infections, that could lead to cancer.
Once these abnormal cells are detected, the immune system mounts an immune response to eliminate them, preventing their proliferation and progression into full-blown cancers. This process of immunologic surveillance is a critical component of the body's defense mechanisms against cancer and helps to maintain tissue homeostasis and prevent tumorigenesis.
However, in some cases, cancer cells may evade or suppress the immune system's surveillance mechanisms, leading to the development and progression of malignancies. Therefore, understanding the mechanisms of immunologic surveillance is crucial for developing novel cancer therapies that harness the power of the immune system to fight against cancer.
A disease outbreak is defined as the occurrence of cases of a disease in excess of what would normally be expected in a given time and place. It may affect a small and localized group or a large number of people spread over a wide area, even internationally. An outbreak may be caused by a new agent, a change in the agent's virulence or host susceptibility, or an increase in the size or density of the host population.
Outbreaks can have significant public health and economic impacts, and require prompt investigation and control measures to prevent further spread of the disease. The investigation typically involves identifying the source of the outbreak, determining the mode of transmission, and implementing measures to interrupt the chain of infection. This may include vaccination, isolation or quarantine, and education of the public about the risks and prevention strategies.
Examples of disease outbreaks include foodborne illnesses linked to contaminated food or water, respiratory infections spread through coughing and sneezing, and mosquito-borne diseases such as Zika virus and West Nile virus. Outbreaks can also occur in healthcare settings, such as hospitals and nursing homes, where vulnerable populations may be at increased risk of infection.
Disease notification is the process by which health care professionals, laboratories, or other relevant individuals or organizations inform public health authorities about cases of specific diseases or conditions that are reportable (also known as notifiable) within a particular jurisdiction. Reportable diseases are those that have been designated by law or regulation as posing a significant risk to public health and for which timely reporting is necessary to enable effective surveillance, control measures, and prevention strategies.
The specific diseases and conditions that must be reported, as well as the procedures for reporting, vary by jurisdiction. Common reportable diseases include infectious diseases such as tuberculosis, measles, and sexually transmitted infections (STIs), as well as non-infectious conditions like cancer and lead poisoning.
The purpose of disease notification is to provide public health officials with accurate and up-to-date information about the occurrence and spread of diseases in a population. This information can help inform policy decisions, guide resource allocation, and support the development and implementation of evidence-based interventions to protect and promote the health of communities.
Demographic surveillance system
2010s global surveillance disclosures
Timeline of global surveillance disclosures (2013-present)
Long-range surveillance
Wastewater surveillance
Mass surveillance in popular culture
Mass surveillance in East Germany
Active surveillance of prostate cancer
Surveillance issues in smart cities
Mass surveillance in Russia
Public health surveillance
Mass surveillance in India
Internet censorship and surveillance in Oceania
560th Battlefield Surveillance Brigade (United States)
Internet censorship and surveillance in Asia
Global surveillance
Surveillance Devices Act 2007 (NSW)
Mass surveillance
Fermented tea
Immigrant surveillance
Mass surveillance in Australia
List of people under surveillance by Anglospheric intelligence agencies
Lutzomyia shannoni
College health
Israeli occupation of the West Bank
Infodemiology
Hornet (app)
COVID-19 pandemic in Normandy
Mamak, Ankara
HIV and men who have sex with men
Transgender women (NHBS-Trans) | Populations/Projects | NHBS | Surveillance Systems | Statistics Center | HIV | CDC
Integrated Serologic Surveillance of Population Immunity and Disease Transmission - Volume 24, Number 7-July 2018 - Emerging...
Action - Desnutrición Cero - Nutritional surveillance system - All population groups | Global database on the Implementation of...
SARS-CoV-2 viral variants can rapidly be identified for clinical decision making and population surveillance using a high...
Journal of Medical Internet Research - Lifestyle Disease Surveillance Using Population Search Behavior: Feasibility Study
Participation Dynamics in Population-Based Longitudinal HIV Surveillance in Rural South Africa | PLOS ONE
Population-Based Laboratory Surveillance of Imported Malaria in Metropolitan Calgary, 2000-2011 | PLOS ONE
ICES | Surveillance of ischemic heart disease should include physician billing claims: population-based evidence from...
Pneumococcal pneumonia in adult hospitalized solid organ transplant recipients: Nationwide, population-based surveillance. -...
RRH: Rural and Remote Health article: 431 - Rabies surveillance in the rural population of Cluj County, Romania
Utility of Computer-Assisted Approaches for Population Surveillance of Physical Activity in: Journal of Physical Activity and...
Hospitalisations at the end of life in four European countries: a population-based study via epidemiological surveillance...
State-based Diabetes Surveillance Among Minority Populations
Data retention: France illegally extends blanket mass surveillance of the entire population - Patrick Breyer
Statistical Methods for Surveillance and Population Health
ATSDR - Hazardous Substances Emergency Events Surveillance (HSEES) 2007-2008 Biennial Report
Results of search for 'su:{Population surveillance.}' › WHO HQ Library catalog
Use of linked registry claims data for long term surveillance of devices after endovascular abdominal aortic aneurysm repair:...
Health Care Data Reporting Beyond the Public Health Emergency: Payment Policies to Support Public Health Surveillance and...
Episode 5: Melanoma: Survivorship, Surveillance, and Follow-up
Genomic surveillance of SARS-CoV-2 in Thailand reveals mixed imported populations, a local lineage expansion and a virus with...
Demographic surveillance system - Wikipedia
Update: Surveillance of Spotted Fever Rickettsioses at Army Installations in the U.S. Central and Atlantic Regions, 2012-2018 |...
Clostridioides difficile Infection (CDI) Tracking | HAIC Activities | HAI | CDC
Population compliance with COVID-19 directions in December 2021, Queensland, Australia | Western Pacific Surveillance...
Influenza Surveillance Trends and Influenza Vaccine Effectiveness Among Department of Defense Beneficiaries During the 2019...
View of Profile of tuberculosis among the foreign-born population in Japan, 2007-2014 | Western Pacific Surveillance and...
National Notifiable Diseases Surveillance System2
- This database contains the reported occurrence of nationally notifiable infectious diseases in the United States for years 2016 - 2020, as published in the National Notifiable Diseases Surveillance System (NNDSS) Annual Tables. (cdc.gov)
- Source: CDC, National Notifiable Diseases Surveillance System. (cdc.gov)
Epidemiology5
- Epidemiology of cerebral palsy in Bangladesh: a population-based surveillance study. (bvsalud.org)
- Enhanced epidemiology and surveillance programs were implemented at Vancouver Coastal Health to monitor and evaluate the additional harm reduction interventions. (vch.ca)
- Here, we present the most updated incidence rates of second primary malignancy from original diagnosis of PTC by using the data from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results. (hindawi.com)
- 95% CI, 2.7-3.1) based on data from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) dataset [ 1 ]. (hindawi.com)
- The material in this report originated in the Epidemiology Program Office, Stephen B. Thacker, M.D., Director, and the Division of Public Health Surveillance and Informatics, Daniel M. Sosin, M.D., Director. (cdc.gov)
20206
- Genomic surveillance of SARS-CoV-2 was implemented during March 2020 at a major diagnostic hub in Bangkok, Thailand. (tropmedres.ac)
- Influenza surveillance conducted by DODGRS during the 2019-2020 influenza season identified circulating influenza virus (sub)types, provided timely data on the genetic characteristics of the circulating viruses, and estimated influenza VE. (health.mil)
- Laboratory-based influenza surveillance was conducted in the 2019-2020 influenza season among Department of Defense (DOD) beneficiaries through the DOD Global Respiratory Pathogen Surveillance Program (DODGRS). (health.mil)
- Both influenza B and influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 were then highly co-circulated through surveillance week 13 (22-28 March 2020). (health.mil)
- The objective of this report is to describe influenza surveillance trends and the end-of season VE estimates among DOD beneficiaries during the 2019-2020 influenza season. (health.mil)
- The surveillance period was 1 Jan. 2016 through 31 Dec. 2020. (health.mil)
Morbidity and morta2
- Malaria is a devastating global health concern as its high morbidity and mortality pose threats to many populations around the world. (plos.org)
- Public health surveillance is the ongoing, systematic collection, analysis, interpretation, and dissemination of data about a health-related event for use in public health action to reduce morbidity and mortality and to improve health ( 1 ). (cdc.gov)
20162
- Western Pacific Surveillance and Response Journal , 2016, 7(2):7-16. (who.int)
- En total, se identificaron 726 niños con PC entre enero del 2015 y diciembre del 2016. (bvsalud.org)
Serologic Surveillance1
- Finally, we draw on innovations in laboratory and data science to suggest key ingredients for an integrated serologic surveillance (serosurveillance) platform. (cdc.gov)
Data31
- The potential to combine public health and environmental surveillance data with innovations in machine learning, statistical modeling, and data visualization has contributed to an emerging vision of precision public health, the idea that global health programs should use high-resolution data to guide interventions and direct scarce resources to those who would benefit most ( 1 ). (cdc.gov)
- As the process of producing official health statistics for lifestyle diseases is slow, researchers have explored using Web search data as a proxy for lifestyle disease surveillance. (jmir.org)
- This study used Canadian medical and hospital administrative data for population-based surveillance of diagnosed ischemic heart disease (IHD). (ices.on.ca)
- Data regarding the exposure of the rural population from Cluj County to rabies risk factors were collected from the Vaccination Center registry at the Infectious Diseases Teaching Hospital in Cluj-Napoca. (rrh.org.au)
- the location data of electronic communications of the entire population. (patrick-breyer.de)
- HIV/AIDS surveillance data base : HIV/AIDS literature review. (who.int)
- The linked registry claims surveillance data identified the increased risk of reintervention with the early AFX device as early as mid-2013, well before the first regulatory warnings were issued in the US in 2017. (bmj.com)
- Conclusions The linked registry claims surveillance data identified a device specific risk in long term reintervention after EVAR of abdominal aortic aneurysm. (bmj.com)
- The ability of health care and public health organizations to seamlessly share COVID-19 surveillance and case data is critical to preventing serious health impacts, particularly among Medicare beneficiaries and people experiencing high risk of severe COVID-19 illness, as well as for avoiding future economic disruptions. (duke.edu)
- Stakeholders discussed challenges and needs associated with COVID-19 and public health reporting as well as opportunities for improved data sharing for public health surveillance. (duke.edu)
- In the fields of demographics and public health, a demographic surveillance system (DSS), also called a health and demographic surveillance system (HDSS), gathers longitudinal health and demographic data for a dynamic cohort of the total population in a specified geographic area. (wikipedia.org)
- Tracking population migration is particularly important for understanding of HDSS data. (wikipedia.org)
- There are other demographic and health data gathering programs similar to DSS that are not part of INDEPTH, such as the Sample Registration system in India and the Disease Surveillance Points system in China. (wikipedia.org)
- Should Data from Demographic Surveillance Systems Be Made More Widely Available to Researchers? (wikipedia.org)
- Data from the EIP CDI program is used to measure the burden of CDI in the population, characterize C. difficile strains associated with disease, and to monitor trends in disease over time. (cdc.gov)
- The table below illustrates the estimated population under surveillance for each EIP site in 2019, the most recent year for which data are available. (cdc.gov)
- Data collection is performed by surveillance epidemiologists at each EIP site. (cdc.gov)
- These surveillance data and findings help military authorities prioritize health resources and better plan appropriate health intervention measures for DOD service members and their beneficiaries. (health.mil)
- In this report, we analysed the data from the Japan TB surveillance system between 2007 and 2014 to gain an overview of the trends and characteristics of foreign-born TB patients in Japan. (who.int)
- Sound policy-making should be informed by scientific evidence, and a detailed analysis of surveillance data can provide one such resource. (who.int)
- You can produce tables , charts , maps , and data extracts of incidence counts, population estimates and rates. (cdc.gov)
- Several programs that involve capturing and retaining personal data are underway in India in the absence of a data protection law Tenders by authorities in Dharamshala, Himachal Pradesh and Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh show its intent of creating integrated surveillance networks powered by CCTV cameras and Artificial Intelligence. (countercurrents.org)
- Because of the threat of terrorism and the increasing availability of electronic health data, enhancements are being made to existing surveillance systems, and new surveillance systems have been developed and implemented in public health jurisdictions with the goal of early and complete detection of outbreaks ( 3 ). (cdc.gov)
- The main advantage of the MI-Aedes platform over traditional mosquito surveillance is the integration of continuous vector monitoring coupled with an information technology platform for near real-time data collection, analysis, and decision-making. (intechopen.com)
- The technologies also provide data to model the role of climate on the vector population dynamics. (intechopen.com)
- A hypothetical anthrax release was modeled by using zip code population data, mall customer surveys, and membership information from HealthPartners Medical Group, which covers 9% of a metropolitan area population in Minnesota. (healthpartners.com)
- NEW YORK - With the help of a phenome-wide association analysis of UK Biobank data, a team from Switzerland, Brazil, and the UK has started untangling the population-wide consequences of copy number variants (CNVs) in a chromosome 22 region known as 22q11.2. (genomeweb.com)
- Estimates of R often come from surveillance data, as it has been in the case of the COVID-19 pandemic. (polito.it)
- Health surveillance involves the systematic and ongoing collection, analysis and dissemination of public health data. (easternhealth.ca)
- The estimates generated by GFT come in real-time - two weeks earlier than traditional surveillance data collected by the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). (nature.com)
- Population level indicators report data from across the HIV patient journey to evaluate important components of the core testing, public health management and treatment objectives. (vch.ca)
Prioritize1
- The CDI surveillance program also provides an infrastructure for further public health research, including special studies aimed at identifying risk factors for C. difficile disease, populations to prioritize for vaccines, and monitoring effectiveness of prevention strategies. (cdc.gov)
Methods3
- First, we argue that antibody-based methods provide a unique opportunity to augment and integrate surveillance across diverse global health initiatives. (cdc.gov)
- Enhanced Passive Safety Surveillance (EPSS) is one of the surveillance methods used for monitoring ADRs [ 3 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
- The identification and discrimination of T3cDM from the more prevalent T2DM is an approach that may identify the high-risk group which could allow more successful detection and surveillance methods. (nih.gov)
Prevalence3
- Describe the molecular and microbiologic characteristics of C. difficile strains causing disease in the population under surveillance and describe changes in strain prevalence over time. (cdc.gov)
- Identifying populations with higher rates of multimorbidity prevalence may improve policy making around multimorbidity prevention and management. (jmir.org)
- This report adds a new definition for mild periodontitis that allows for better descriptions of the overall prevalence of periodontitis in populations. (cdc.gov)
System10
- Disease surveillance is traditionally accomplished through a system of manual surveys, or mandatory reporting by the doctors to the government. (jmir.org)
- In Canada, approximately 500 malaria cases are reported each year although no formal surveillance system is in place [6] . (plos.org)
- The Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR) maintained the Hazardous Substances Emergency Events Surveillance (HSEES) system from 1990-2009. (cdc.gov)
- The Clostridioides difficile infection surveillance program is an active population- and laboratory-based surveillance system conducted through CDC's Emerging Infections Program (EIP) Healthcare-Associated Infections Community Interface (HAIC). (cdc.gov)
- Japan introduced its first nationwide computerized TB surveillance system, the Japan Tuberculosis Surveillance (JTBS), in 1987. (who.int)
- Recent news also says that the Western Railways' use of its FRT-based surveillance system has reduced crime on its routes and stations. (countercurrents.org)
- Earlier this week, Maharashtra deputy chief minister Devendra Fadnavis said that Mumbai should have an AI-enabled, FRT-based surveillance system to combat 'street crime' even as such surveillance systems exist in multiple Indian cities already. (countercurrents.org)
- The use of a passive surveillance system in combination with physician reporting of ADRs has been shown to improve the rates of AE reporting [ 4 , 5 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
- We measured sensitivity and timeliness of a syndromic surveillance system to detect bioterrorism events. (healthpartners.com)
- Now the federal Centers for Disease Control and Prevention is aiming to expand wastewater testing with the National Wastewater Surveillance System . (nhpr.org)
20021
- Information regarding the general population was available from the 2002 General Population and Housing Census. (rrh.org.au)
Infectious disease surv2
- Most infectious disease surveillance maintains a single-disease focus, but broader testing of existing serologic surveys with multiplex antibody assays would create new opportunities for integrated surveillance. (cdc.gov)
- Most infectious disease surveillance maintains a single-disease focus. (cdc.gov)
20182
- The largest increase in rates was observed in New Hampshire, with a rate during 2019 (22.7 cases per 100,000 population), 25 times the rate reported during 2018 (0.9 cases per 100,000 population). (cdc.gov)
- The February 2018 issue of the MSMR contained the results of the most recent, broad surveillance study of the most concerning vector-borne diseases. (health.mil)
Approaches4
- In doing so, this study shows a low-to-moderate validity of Google Trends in the context of lifestyle disease surveillance, even when applying novel corrective approaches, including a proposed denormalization scheme. (jmir.org)
- The evaluation framework is designed to support assessment and description of all surveillance approaches to early detection, whether through traditional disease reporting, specialized analytic routines for aberration detection, or surveillance using early indicators of disease outbreaks, such as syndromic surveillance. (cdc.gov)
- The measurement of the performance of public health surveillance systems for outbreak detection is needed to establish the relative value of different approaches and to provide information needed to improve their efficacy for detection of outbreaks at the earliest stages. (cdc.gov)
- We show that the true R can be computed from the spectral properties of Q. We also show that the reproductive number measured by surveillance approaches the true reproductive number only asymptotically in time. (polito.it)
Centers1
- In 2007, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention in partnership with the American Academy of Periodontology developed and reported standard case definitions for surveillance of moderate and severe periodontitis based on measurements of probing depth (PD) and clinical attachment loss (AL) at interproximal sites. (cdc.gov)
Immunization3
- Technical Advisory Groups (TAGs), aimed at strengthening or improving national ownership and leadership, advocacy and partnerships, resource mobilization, routine immunization, quality of supplementary immunization activities (SIAs) and AFP surveillance especially at subnational level. (who.int)
- The aim of this surveillance was to assess the quadrivalent inactivated split-virion influenza vaccine (IIV4) during routine immunization in Finland, as per the national immunization program for 2019/20. (biomedcentral.com)
- Therefore, this current surveillance aims to address the requirements of the EPSS for IIV4 during routine immunization, as per the national immunization program in Finland for the influenza season 2019/20. (biomedcentral.com)
100,000 population4
- Rates per 100,000 population. (cdc.gov)
- During 2019, the rates of reported hepatitis A ranged from a high of 31.6 cases per 100,000 population in Tennessee to a low of 0.1 case per 100,000 population in Hawaii. (cdc.gov)
- Rates of acute infections more than tripled among reproductive-aged persons during this time (from 0.8 to 2.5 per 100,000 population among persons aged 20-29 years and from 0.6 to 3.5 among persons aged 30-39 years). (cdc.gov)
- Rates of HCV acute and chronic infections (referred hereinafter as HCV infections) have been steadily increasing in the United States since 2010, with rates of acute infections more than tripling among reproductive-aged persons as of 2021, from 0.8 to 2.5 per 100,000 population among persons aged 20-29 years and from 0.6 to 3.5 among persons aged 30-39 years ( 4 , 5 ). (cdc.gov)
Immunity2
Bacterial1
- Using whole genome sequencing (WGS) of 439 isolates, we show that environmental bacterial populations are largely structured by ward and sink, with only a handful of lineages, such as E. coli ST635, being widely distributed, suggesting different prevailing ecologies which may vary as a result of different inputs and selection pressures. (ox.ac.uk)
Epidemiologic1
- Epidemiologic surveillance of circulating SARS-CoV-2 variants is essential to assess impact on clinical outcomes and vaccine efficacy. (nature.com)
20191
- Starting at surveillance week 45 (3-9 Nov. 2019), influenza B was the predominant influenza type, followed by high activity of influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 three weeks thereafter. (health.mil)
Notifiable disease1
- All events reported as cases of a nationally notifiable disease that meet national surveillance case definition and notification criteria are reported to CDC by public health officials in U.S. states, New York City, Washington D.C. and 5 U.S. Territories. (cdc.gov)
Detect5
- Whole genome sequencing (WGS) remains the gold standard for variant surveillance, as it can unambiguously identify known variants and detect new mutations and lineages as they arise. (nature.com)
- Because of the changing nature of these viruses, it is crucial to conduct annual surveillance to determine the circulating viruses and to detect changes in the viruses during the influenza season. (health.mil)
- The Enhanced Passive Safety Surveillance is a requirement of the European Medicines Agency (EMA) for seasonal influenza vaccines, aiming to rapidly detect any significant change in frequency or severity of expected reactogenicity or allergic events prior to widespread use of a vaccine in any particular year. (biomedcentral.com)
- State and local health departments are enhancing existing surveillance systems and developing new systems to better detect outbreaks through public health surveillance. (cdc.gov)
- aegypti citywide at fine spatial and temporal scales for vector surveillance (MI-Aedes) to detect high Aedes infestation areas using a GIS environment and the identification of arbovirus-infected trapped mosquitoes by RT-PCR (MI-Virus platforms). (intechopen.com)
Health18
- With funding from the Minority HIV/AIDS Fund (MHAF), state and local health departments conduct National HIV Behavioral Surveillance among WTE/TFP (NHBS-Trans) in geographically diverse U.S. metropolitan statistical areas. (cdc.gov)
- In this perspective, we highlight multiple areas for potential synergy where integrated surveillance could add more value to public health efforts than the current trend of independent disease monitoring through vertical programs. (cdc.gov)
- Throughout, we illustrate how information generated through integrated surveillance platforms can create new opportunities to more quickly and precisely identify global health program gaps that range from undervaccination to emerging pathogens to multilayered health disparities that span diverse communicable diseases. (cdc.gov)
- Robust disease surveillance is a cornerstone of global health efforts that range from detecting emerging pathogens and epidemics to the control or elimination of vaccine-preventable diseases, HIV, malaria, and neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) ( http://www.who.int/neglected_diseases/9789241564540/en/ ) ( 2 - 4 ). (cdc.gov)
- One of the most common examples of public health surveillance involves what is known as disease surveillance . (jmir.org)
- In developing countries, there is commonly a lack of health and demographic information at the community or population level. (wikipedia.org)
- Monitor population-based CDI incidence and disease burden of community- and healthcare-associated CDI over time to assess the impact of prevention strategies and inform public health practice. (cdc.gov)
- The Brazilian government can create public health policies targeting these groups, and provide more medical treatment and health services to support and protect the multimorbidity population. (jmir.org)
- The threat of terrorism and high-profile disease outbreaks has drawn attention to public health surveillance systems for early detection of outbreaks. (cdc.gov)
- This report supplements previous guidelines for evaluating public health surveillance systems. (cdc.gov)
- Surveillance serves at least eight public health functions. (cdc.gov)
- Another important public health function of surveillance is outbreak detection (i.e., identifying an increase in frequency of disease above the background occurrence of the disease). (cdc.gov)
- Eastern Health implements measures that promote and protect population health and help prevent disease and injury. (easternhealth.ca)
- Health Surveillance and Population Health Assessment. (easternhealth.ca)
- Population health assessment identifies the factors that underlie good health and those that create risks. (easternhealth.ca)
- The pages of the MSMR reflect over 25 years of surveillance studies to inform military leaders and preventive medicine/public health assets about the incidence of vector-borne diseases and appropriate steps to counter the associated threat. (health.mil)
- Its mission: "population health analytics powered by sewage. (nhpr.org)
- Moreover, individuals in detention regularly interact with prison wardens, police officers, and health professionals who engage with the general population . (fidh.org)
Detection5
- In the setting of a strong public sector programme, the combination of active surveillance of private laboratories along with physician sensitisation is a promising approach to improve TB case detection. (nih.gov)
- The safety surveillance enables rapid detection of adverse events (AE), identifying any significant change in frequency or severity of expected reactogenicity or allergic events that could be intrinsic to the vaccine, prior to widespread use of the vaccine in any particular year [ 3 ]. (biomedcentral.com)
- However, information is limited about the usefulness of surveillance systems for outbreak detection or the best ways to support this function. (cdc.gov)
- Use of this framework is intended to improve decision-making regarding the implementation of surveillance for outbreak detection. (cdc.gov)
- The usefulness of surveillance systems for early detection and response to outbreaks has not been established, and substantial costs can be incurred in developing or enhancing and managing these surveillance systems and investigating false alarms ( 4 ). (cdc.gov)
Laboratories4
- CDI cases are identified based on reports of positive C. difficile toxin assay or C. difficile nucleic acid amplification assay from all clinical, reference, and commercial laboratories that serve the population in the surveillance catchment areas. (cdc.gov)
- With the introduction of the advanced technique for intratypic differentiation in 14 out of the existing 16 laboratories, the performance of the African Polio surveillance Laboratory Network has markedly improved. (who.int)
- We established and evaluated a public-private partnership based on surveillance of TB detected in private laboratories and use of standardised directly observed treatment regimens. (nih.gov)
- Surveillance at private laboratories found an additional 260 nonregistered AFB-positive patients. (nih.gov)
Study7
- The purpose of this study was to assess the exposure of the rural population from Cluj County, Romania, to rabies risk factors. (rrh.org.au)
- Design Observational surveillance study. (bmj.com)
- The study population was assembled using records from the SEER program of the National Cancer Institute. (hindawi.com)
- Study by Institute of Medicine of postmarket surveillance regarding pediatric populations. (govtrack.us)
- In this study, however, we argue that surveillance-based measures of the reproductive number may not always be accurate measures of the true reproductive number. (polito.it)
- We then analytically study the speeds at which both global and local surveillance based measures of R converge to the true R, and found that these speeds depend on both the topology of the spatial network encoded in Q, and the initial spatial distribution of cases. (polito.it)
- Our study shows that the spatial structure of human populations induced by mobility may make standard surveillance unable to accurately estimate the reproductive number. (polito.it)
20171
- Surveillance for Rocky Mountain spotted fever in the Army began in 1998 and was expanded to include all SFR in 2017. (health.mil)
Vaccines1
- Therefore, conducting annual safety surveillance on seasonal influenza vaccines is important, and a requirement for the EMA. (biomedcentral.com)
Mass surveillance3
- Mass surveillance contradicts the European values of democracy, civil liberties and the rule of law. (patrick-breyer.de)
- France's unspecific reference to a permanent, general security risk does not justify mass surveillance, as a former judge confirms in a legal opinion . (patrick-breyer.de)
- National security is no free ride for mass surveillance. (patrick-breyer.de)
Disease3
- We envision qualitative analyses to be a more practical use of Google Trends in the context of lifestyle disease surveillance. (jmir.org)
- Pneumococcal disease poses a burden to the community in high risk population. (physiciansweekly.com)
- National and international preparedness helped countries to prevent disease outbreaks through the early establishment of surveillance, early warning, and alert and response systems. (who.int)
Adherence2
- SFR surveillance and control efforts in military populations can be improved by better adherence to guidelines for SFR diagnosis and through the use of available advanced laboratory techniques. (health.mil)
- Measures to ensure early diagnosis and treatment adherence should be adapted to such populations. (who.int)
General Population3
- For the general population including adults, the jurisdiction level infection-to-case ratio was a median of 2. (cdc.gov)
- Our results have provided new insights to help further the understanding of the complex 22q11.2 region," the authors wrote, noting that "within the general population, 22q11.2 CNVs are associated with traits. (genomeweb.com)
- While certain states in the region have taken some positive steps to protect the general population, the prison population remains particularly vulnerable. (fidh.org)
Report7
- Using STD occurrence to monitor AIDS prevention : final report of the working group on STD surveillance / Adrian Renton and Luke Whitaker. (who.int)
- A report by The Wire explores the extensive surveillance in place in Hyderabad in detail. (countercurrents.org)
- The quarterly monitoring report was developed to monitor overall changes in the project's targeted activities at a population level, within Vancouver HSDA. (vch.ca)
- Senior commanders refused to heed the warnings of the young female surveillance soldiers tasked with watching the Gaza border in the weeks before the brutal Hamas massacre on October 7, and the soldiers believe sexism was a factor in their being ignored, according to a Friday report. (timesofisrael.com)
- Friday's report said that nobody alerted the surveillance soldiers to warnings by senior security officials for a potential infiltration into the border communities. (timesofisrael.com)
- The report even quoted one of the surveillance soldiers apologizing for waking a commander in the early hours of October 7 to report that she was seeing "something strange. (timesofisrael.com)
- The report was not the first account of surveillance soldiers stationed on a base in Kibbutz Nahal Oz saying that their warnings were never taken seriously. (timesofisrael.com)
Systems2
- Both are population-based surveillance systems. (cdc.gov)
- Similar modeling may be possible with other surveillance systems and should be a part of their evaluation. (healthpartners.com)
Search2
- Results of search for 'su:{Population surveillance. (who.int)
- Africa's Population: In Search of a Demographic Dividend. (wikipedia.org)
Registries1
- A 98% case ascertainment is mandated from 14 population-based registries and three supplemental registries representing approximately 26% of the US population [ 9 ]. (hindawi.com)
Findings1
- To improve vaccine effectiveness (VE) against influenza viruses, the strains used in the influenza vaccine need to be updated regularly based on the surveillance findings. (health.mil)
Clinical4
- Cases were defined based on Surveillance of CP in Europe and Australian CP Register criteria after clinical assessments and identification by the key informant's method . (bvsalud.org)
- Without focusing exclusively on resistance markers or a clinical outbreak, we demonstrate that many hospital sink drains are abundantly and persistently colonised with diverse populations of E. coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Klebsiella oxytoca , including both antimicrobial-resistant and susceptible strains. (ox.ac.uk)
- These advanced clinical surveillance solutions deliver insights into customized workflows and intuitive dashboards so care teams can improve patient outcomes, quality, and hospital performance. (wolterskluwer.com)
- Even so, they cautioned that many prior studies of 22q11.2 variation have centered on clinical cohorts comprised of individuals with particularly pronounced symptoms or phenotypes, "leading to an incomplete and biased understanding of these variants' role in the human population. (genomeweb.com)
Case4
- Therefore, for surveillance purposes, an individual may be classified and captured as a new incident case if 8 consecutive weeks have elapsed since their last C. difficile -positive test. (cdc.gov)
- Title : Update of the Case Definitions for Population-Based Surveillance of Periodontitis Personal Author(s) : Eke, Paul I.;Page, Roy C.;Wei, Liang;Thornton-Evans, Gina;Genco, Robert J. (cdc.gov)
- In the case of structured populations, one can define an operator Q that determines the spatiotemporal early evolution of the epidemic, and whose entry Qij encodes the average number of cases that a case in community i generates in j. (polito.it)
- We derive the expected case distribution from Q, and compare it to the recorded distribution, finding evidence of the asymptotic convergence of the surveillance-based metrics towards the true Q-derived metrics, as predicted theoretically. (polito.it)
Estimates2
- This means that early estimates may either underestimate or overestimate R. Also, we show that under particular conditions the surveillance-based estimate may oscillate around the true value, alternating between underestimates and overestimates. (polito.it)
- We found that country-level and local surveillance-based R estimates have all different convergence times. (polito.it)
Illnesses1
- A continuing element of that effort has been the performance of surveillance of vector-borne illnesses to guide preventive actions. (health.mil)
Cases4
- Cases of SFR have been increasing in U.S. civilian and military populations since the mid-1990s. (health.mil)
- Spotted fever rickettsioses (SFR) are emerging in the Atlantic and Central regions of the U.S., though cases have been reported across the contiguous U.S. Military populations may be at increased risk for SFR because of residence in these regions and frequent field training in tick habitats. (health.mil)
- 1,2 In Japan, a TB middle-burden country, the notification rate was 15.4 per 100 000 population in 2014 with foreign-born TB patients contributing 5.8% to the total newly notified cases. (who.int)
- You can see that children ages 5 through 11 years shown in the darker blue are making up a greater proportion of total cases, representing 10.6% of cases, the week of October 10, although they only represent 8.7% of the population. (cdc.gov)
Diseases1
- Integration of multiplex bead assays for parasitic diseases into a national, population-based serosurvey of women 15-39 years of age in Cambodia. (cdc.gov)
Brazil1
- In Brazil, two platforms for surveillance of eggs and gravid Aedes aegypti have been developed. (intechopen.com)
Dynamics1
- Is the Subject Area "Population dynamics" applicable to this article? (plos.org)
Influenza season1
- Passive surveillance of individuals vaccinated with IIV4 was conducted within the first 4 to 6 weeks of the influenza season in Finland. (biomedcentral.com)