A polymer prepared from polyvinyl acetates by replacement of the acetate groups with hydroxyl groups. It is used as a pharmaceutic aid and ophthalmic lubricant as well as in the manufacture of surface coatings artificial sponges, cosmetics, and other products.
A polyvinyl resin used extensively in the manufacture of plastics, including medical devices, tubing, and other packaging. It is also used as a rubber substitute.
'Polyvinyls' is a term that refers to a group of polymers synthesized from vinyl chloride, including polyvinyl chloride (PVC) and polyvinylidene chloride (PVDC), which are widely used in various medical applications such as manufacturing of medical devices, tubing, packaging materials, and pharmaceutical containers due to their chemical resistance, durability, and versatility.
Behaviors associated with the ingesting of alcoholic beverages, including social drinking.
Gauze material used to absorb body fluids during surgery. Referred to as GOSSYPIBOMA if accidentally retained in the body following surgery.
Sterile, gelatin-base surgical sponge applied topically as an adjunct to hemostasis when the control of bleeding by conventional procedures is ineffective to reduce capillary ooze or is impractical. (From AMA Drug Evaluations Annual, 1994, p797)
A method of hemostasis utilizing various agents such as Gelfoam, silastic, metal, glass, or plastic pellets, autologous clot, fat, and muscle as emboli. It has been used in the treatment of spinal cord and INTRACRANIAL ARTERIOVENOUS MALFORMATIONS, renal arteriovenous fistulas, gastrointestinal bleeding, epistaxis, hypersplenism, certain highly vascular tumors, traumatic rupture of blood vessels, and control of operative hemorrhage.
Organic mercury compounds in which the mercury is attached to a phenyl group. Often used as fungicides and seed treatment agents.
A tissue adhesive that is applied as a monomer to moist tissue and polymerizes to form a bond. It is slowly biodegradable and used in all kinds of surgery, including dental.
Ethyl ester of iodinated fatty acid of poppyseed oil. It contains 37% organically bound iodine and has been used as a diagnostic aid (radiopaque medium) and as an antineoplastic agent when part of the iodine is 131-I. (From Merck Index, 11th ed)
Alkyl compounds containing a hydroxyl group. They are classified according to relation of the carbon atom: primary alcohols, R-CH2OH; secondary alcohols, R2-CHOH; tertiary alcohols, R3-COH. (From Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)
Agents employed in the preparation of histologic or pathologic specimens for the purpose of maintaining the existing form and structure of all of the constituent elements. Great numbers of different agents are used; some are also decalcifying and hardening agents. They must quickly kill and coagulate living tissue.
Chronic inflammation and granuloma formation around irritating foreign bodies.
Administration of antineoplastic agents together with an embolizing vehicle. This allows slow release of the agent as well as obstruction of the blood supply to the neoplasm.
Sterile solutions that are intended for instillation into the eye. It does not include solutions for cleaning eyeglasses or CONTACT LENS SOLUTIONS.
Relating to the size of solids.
Substances added to pharmaceutical preparations to protect them from chemical change or microbial action. They include ANTI-BACTERIAL AGENTS and antioxidants.
The preparation, mixing, and assembling of a drug. (From Remington, The Science and Practice of Pharmacy, 19th ed, p1814)

A retrospective cohort study of male workers exposed to PVA fibers. (1/220)

In order to ascertain whether PVA fibers can produce cancer in humans or not, we have conducted a retrospective cohort study of workers exposed to PVA fibers. A total of 447 exposed and 2416 non-exposed male workers who were engaged before 1980 were followed up until the end of 1996. The SMR for all causes was 0.57 (observed 38, 95% CI: 0.41-0.78) for the exposed, and 0.66 (observed 210, 95% CI: 0.58-0.75). As for lung cancer, its SMR was 0.77 (observed 3, 95% CI: 0.15-2.24) for the exposed workers and 0.67 (12 observed, 95% CI: 0.34-1.16) for the non-exposed workers. Lung cancer SMR was 0.86 (observed 2, 95% CI: 0.10-3.11) for the workers with 20 or more years' employment. This study showed no difference in lung cancer risk between the workers exposed to PVA fibers and the non-exposed workers.  (+info)

Enhanced degradation of polyvinyl alcohol by Pycnoporus cinnabarinus after pretreatment with Fenton's reagent. (2/220)

Degradation of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) was investigated by using a combination of chemical treatment with Fenton's reagent and biological degradation with the white rot fungus Pycnoporus cinnabarinus. Inclusion of the chemical pretreatment resulted in greater degradation of PVA than the degradation observed when biological degradation alone was used.  (+info)

Hypervascular spinal tumors: influence of the embolization technique on perioperative hemorrhage. (3/220)

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Corporectomy is an effective treatment for vertebral metastases; however, massive perioperative hemorrhage is often associated with this procedure. We compared preoperative particle, particle-coil, and coil embolizations of hypervascular spinal tumors prior to vertebral body replacement to determine which prevented perioperative hemorrhage most effectively. METHODS: The vertebral tumors of 59 patients were embolized prior to corporectomy. In 26 cases, only coils were used for the proximal occlusion of feeding segmental arteries. Twenty-four patients received a combination of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) particles and coils, and nine tumors were embolized with particles alone. We compared intraoperative blood loss between the three groups and 10 other patients who did not undergo embolization prior to corporectomy. RESULTS: Estimation of intraoperative hemorrhage showed a median value of 4350 mL in patients without embolization, 2650 mL in cases of coil embolization, 1850 mL in cases of particle-coil embolization, and 1800 mL in cases of particle embolization. The difference between unembolized patients and those who underwent coil embolization was not statistically significant. Particle and particle-coil embolizations showed very similar results, and reduced hemorrhage significantly as compared to unembolized and proximal coil occlusion cases. Residual bleeding came from the venous system and the neighborhood of the embolized region. CONCLUSION: Particle embolization prior to corporectomy can reduce perioperative hemorrhage. The additional benefit of proximal coil occlusion of arterial feeders is questionable.  (+info)

Water-soluble aluminium phthalocyanine-polymer conjugates for PDT: photodynamic activities and pharmacokinetics in tumour-bearing mice. (4/220)

The potential use of unsubstituted aluminium phthalocyanine (AlClPc) as a sensitizer for photodynamic therapy (PDT) of cancer has not been fully exploited in spite of its higher efficiency as compared to the sulphonated derivatives. This is largely due to the strong hydrophobic character of AlClPc which renders the material difficult to formulate for in vivo administration. We prepared two water-soluble derivatives of AlClPc by axial coordination of polyethyleneglycol (PEG, MW 2000) or polyvinylalcohol (PVA, MW 13,000-23,000) to the central aluminium ion. Their photodynamic activities were evaluated in vitro against the EMT-6 mouse mammary tumour cells and in vivo against the EMT-6 and the colon carcinoma Colo-26 tumours implanted intradermally in Balb/c mice. Pharmacokinetics were studied in the EMT-6 tumour-bearing mice. After 1 h incubation, the light dose required to kill 90% of cells (LD90) was at least three times less for AlClPc (Cremophor emulsion) as compared to AlPc-PEG and AlPc-PVA, while after 24 h incubation all three preparations were highly phototoxic. All three dye preparations induced complete EMT-6 tumour regression in 75-100% of animals at a low drug dose (0.25 micromol kg(-1)) following PDT (400 J cm(-2), 650-700 nm) at 24 h pi. Complete tumour regression in the Colo-26 tumour model was obtained in 30% of mice at a dose of 2 micromol kg(-1). In the non-cured animals, AlPc-PVA induced the most significant tumour growth delay. This dye showed a prolonged plasma half-life (6.8 h) as compared to AlClPc (2.6 h) and AlPc-PEG (23 min), lower retention by liver and spleen and higher tumour-to-skin and tumour-to-muscle ratios. Our data demonstrate that addition of hydrophilic axial ligands to AlPc, while modifying in vitro and in vivo kinetics, does not reduce the PDT efficiency of the parent molecule. Moreover, in the case of the polyvinylalcohol derivative, axial coordination confers advantageous pharmacokinetics to AlPc, which makes this photosensitizer a valuable, water soluble candidate drug for clinical PDT of cancer.  (+info)

Comparative hazards of chrysotile asbestos and its substitutes: A European perspective. (5/220)

Although the use of amphibole asbestos (crocidolite and amosite) has been banned in most European countries because of its known effects on the lung and pleura, chrysotile asbestos remains in use in a number of widely used products, notably asbestos cement and friction linings in vehicle brakes and clutches. A ban on chrysotile throughout the European Union for these remaining applications is currently under consideration, but this requires confidence in the safety of substitute materials. The main substitutes for the residual uses of chrysotile are p-aramid, polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), and cellulose fibers, and it is these materials that are evaluated here. Because it critically affects both exposure concentrations and deposition in the lung, diameter is a key determinant of the intrinsic hazard of a fiber; the propensity of a material to release fibers into the air is also important. It is generally accepted that to be pathogenic to the lung or pleura, fibers must be long, thin, and durable; fiber chemistry may also be significant. These basic principles are used in a pragmatic way to form a judgement on the relative safety of the substitute materials, taking into account what is known about their hazardous properties and also the potential for uncontrolled exposures during a lifetime of use (including disposal). We conclude that chrysotile asbestos is intrinsically more hazardous than p-aramid, PVA, or cellulose fibers and that its continued use in asbestos-cement products and friction materials is not justifiable in the face of available technically adequate substitutes.  (+info)

Embolization of cerebral arteriovenous malformations achieved with polyvinyl alcohol particles: angiographic reappearance and complications. (6/220)

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The appropriate choice of embolic materials with respect to the permanency of obliterated nidi after embolization and complications related to the procedure is essential for safe and effective embolization of cerebral arteriovenous malformations (AVMs). Our purpose was to ascertain the recanalization and complication rates after AVM treatment with polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) particles. METHODS: Between 1988 and 1994, 36 AVMs were embolized with PVA particles at our institution. Follow-up angiographic findings and occurrence of complications during the embolization procedures were analyzed retrospectively. RESULTS: Complete obliteration of the nidus immediately after embolization was achieved in five patients, and 80% to 99% obliteration was attained in 12 patients. Fifty-one follow-up angiographic examinations were performed 1 week to 60 months (mean, 7 months) after embolization in 31 patients. An increase in nidal size was seen on 15 follow-up angiograms (29%) and a decrease was seen in seven (14%). In 28 of the 51 angiograms obtained more than 1 month after follow up (mean, 13 months), 12 (43%) showed AVM enlargement. In four (80%) of five cases of complete obliteration, nidi reappeared on follow-up angiograms. Hemorrhagic complications occurred in three cases and ischemic ones in seven. One patient (3%) died and five (14%) suffered persistent neurologic deficits. CONCLUSION: Embolization with PVA particles can produce significant volume reduction in AVM nidal size, but recanalization is a distinct possibility.  (+info)

Targeted delivery of anti-angiogenic agent TNP-470 using water-soluble polymer in the treatment of choroidal neovascularization. (7/220)

PURPOSE: The conjugation of drugs with water-soluble polymers such as poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) tends to prolong the half-life of drugs and facilitate the accumulation of drugs in tissues involving neovascularization. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of TNP-470-PVA conjugate on the proliferation of endothelial cells in vitro and on experimental choroidal neovascularization (CNV) in vivo. METHODS: TNP-470 was conjugated in PVA by a dimethylaminopyridine-catalyzed reaction. The effects of TNP-470-PVA and free TNP-470 on the proliferation of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and bovine retinal pigment epithelial cells (BRPECs) were evaluated by the tetrazolium-based colorimetric assay (XTT assay). Experimental CNV was induced by subretinal injection of gelatin microspheres containing basic fibroblast growth factor, into rabbits. Thirty rabbits were intravenously treated either with TNP-470-PVA (n = 8), free TNP470 (n = 5), free PVA (n = 5), or saline (n = 12) daily for 3 days, 2 weeks after implantation of gelatin microspheres. Fluorescein angiography was performed to detect the area with CNV, and the evaluation was made by computerized measurement of digital images. These eyes were also examined histologically. To observe the accumulation of conjugate, 3 rabbits with CNV received rhodamine B isothiocyanate-binding PVA (RITC-PVA), and the lesion was studied 24 hours later by fluorescein microscopy. RESULTS: The TNP-470-PVA inhibited the growth of HUVECs, similar to that of free TNP-470. The BRPECs were less sensitive to TNP-470-PVA than were the HUVECs. TNP-470-PVA significantly inhibited the progression of CNV in rabbits (P = 0.001). Histologic studies at 4 weeks after treatment demonstrated that the degree of vascular formation and the number of vascular endothelial cells in the subretinal membrane of the eyes treated with TNP-470-PVA were less than those of the control eyes. RITC-PVA remained in the area with CNV 24 hours after administration. CONCLUSIONS: These results suggest that TNP-470-PVA inhibited the proliferation of HUVECs more sensitively than that of BRPECs, and the targeted delivery of TNP-470-PVA may have potential as a treatment modality for CNV.  (+info)

Evaluation of Streck tissue fixative, a nonformalin fixative for preservation of stool samples and subsequent parasitologic examination. (8/220)

We undertook a study to evaluate Streck tissue fixative (STF) as a substitute for formalin and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) in fecal preservation. A comparison of formalin, PVA, (mercuric chloride based), and STF was done by aliquoting fecal samples into each fixative. Stool specimens were collected in Haiti, and parasites included Cyclospora cayetanensis, Giardia intestinalis, Entamoeba coli, Iodamoeba butschlii, Endolimax nana, Ascaris lumbricoides, Trichuris trichiura, Strongyloides stercoralis, and Necator americanus. Preserved stools were examined at various predetermined times (1 week, 1 month, and 3 months) to establish the quality of the initial preservation as well as the suitability of the fixative for long-term storage. At each time point, stool samples in fixatives were examined microscopically as follows: (i) in wet mounts (with bright-field and epifluorescence microscopy), (ii) in modified acid-fast-, trichrome-, and safranin-stained smears, and (iii) with two commercial test kits. At the time points examined, morphologic features remained comparable for samples fixed with 10% formalin and STF. For comparisons of STF- and 10% formalin-fixed samples, specific findings showed that Cyclospora oocysts retained full fluorescence, modified acid-fast- and safranin-stained smears of Cryptosporidium and Cyclospora oocysts were equal in staining quality, and results were comparable in the immunofluorescence assay and enzyme immunoassay commercial kits. Stool fixed in STF and stained with trichrome showed less-than-acceptable staining quality compared with stool fixed in PVA. STF provides an excellent substitute for formalin as a fixative in routine examination of stool samples for parasites. However, modifications to the trichrome staining procedures will be necessary to improve the staining quality for protozoal cysts fixed in STF to a level comparable to that with PVA.  (+info)

I'm sorry for any confusion, but "Polyvinyl Alcohol" is not a medical term. It is a chemical compound used in various industrial and commercial applications, including the production of adhesives, paints, and medical devices. Polyvinyl Alcohol is a type of synthetic polymer made from the polymerization of vinyl acetate monomer, followed by alcoholysis to replace the acetate groups with hydroxyl groups.

In a medical context, Polyvinyl Alcohol might be used in certain medical devices or applications, such as contact lenses, eye drops, and drug delivery systems, due to its biocompatibility and resistance to protein absorption. However, it is not a term commonly used to describe a medical condition or treatment.

I'm sorry for any confusion, but "Polyvinyl Chloride" (PVC) is not a medical term. It is a type of synthetic plastic polymer material. PVC is commonly used in various industrial, commercial, and consumer products, such as pipes, cable insulation, clothing, and inflatable items.

If you have any medical concerns or questions, please provide them, and I would be happy to help you find a relevant answer.

I'm sorry for any confusion, but "Polyvinyls" is not a medical term. It is a chemical term that refers to polymers made from vinyl chloride, which is used in the production of various plastics and resins. If you have any questions about medical terms or concepts, I'd be happy to help with those!

'Alcohol drinking' refers to the consumption of alcoholic beverages, which contain ethanol (ethyl alcohol) as the active ingredient. Ethanol is a central nervous system depressant that can cause euphoria, disinhibition, and sedation when consumed in small to moderate amounts. However, excessive drinking can lead to alcohol intoxication, with symptoms ranging from slurred speech and impaired coordination to coma and death.

Alcohol is metabolized in the liver by enzymes such as alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) and aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH). The breakdown of ethanol produces acetaldehyde, a toxic compound that can cause damage to various organs in the body. Chronic alcohol drinking can lead to a range of health problems, including liver disease, pancreatitis, cardiovascular disease, neurological disorders, and increased risk of cancer.

Moderate drinking is generally defined as up to one drink per day for women and up to two drinks per day for men, where a standard drink contains about 14 grams (0.6 ounces) of pure alcohol. However, it's important to note that there are no safe levels of alcohol consumption, and any level of drinking carries some risk to health.

Surgical sponges are absorbent, sterile materials used in medical procedures to soak up bodily fluids and help maintain a clean surgical field. They are typically made from gauze material and come in various sizes and shapes to accommodate different surgical needs. Surgical sponges are carefully counted before and after a procedure to ensure that none are accidentally left inside the patient's body.

A gelatin sponge, absorbable is a surgical implant material that is derived from animal collagen. It is prepared in the form of a sterile, compressed sponge which can be expanded with the addition of fluids. The sponge is designed to absorb and hold surgical drainage, promote healing by providing a framework for the growth of new tissue, and then gradually break down and be absorbed by the body over time. It is often used in neurosurgery, plastic surgery, and other surgical specialties for its hemostatic (bleeding control) and supportive properties.

Therapeutic embolization is a medical procedure that involves intentionally blocking or obstructing blood vessels to stop excessive bleeding or block the flow of blood to a tumor or abnormal tissue. This is typically accomplished by injecting small particles, such as microspheres or coils, into the targeted blood vessel through a catheter, which is inserted into a larger blood vessel and guided to the desired location using imaging techniques like X-ray or CT scanning. The goal of therapeutic embolization is to reduce the size of a tumor, control bleeding, or block off abnormal blood vessels that are causing problems.

Phenylmercury compounds are organic mercury salts that contain a phenyl group, which is a functional group consisting of a benzene ring with a hydroxyl group (-PHenyl-). These compounds were once used in various industrial and medical applications, such as antiseptics, preservatives, and vaccines. However, due to their toxicity and potential for bioaccumulation, the use of phenylmercury compounds has been largely discontinued.

Exposure to phenylmercury compounds can cause a range of adverse health effects, including neurological damage, kidney dysfunction, and developmental problems in children. Therefore, it is important to minimize exposure to these compounds and handle them with care if they are still used in certain applications.

I apologize for any confusion, but "Enbucrilate" is not a medical term or a medication that I am aware of. It's possible that there might be some misunderstanding or misspelling in the term. If you have more context or information about where this term came from, I may be able to provide a more accurate and helpful response.

However, if you are referring to "bucrilate" which is a type of polymer used in some medical applications such as wound dressings, then it is a substance that can absorb large amounts of water and create a gel-like barrier between the wound and the outside environment, helping to keep the wound moist and promote healing.

If you have any further questions or concerns, please don't hesitate to ask.

Ethiodized oil is a type of poppy seed oil that has been chemically treated with iodine. It is a highly dense form of iodine, which is used as a radiocontrast medium for imaging studies, such as X-rays and CT scans. The iodine in the ethiodized oil absorbs the X-rays and makes certain structures in the body more visible on the images. It is typically used to help diagnose conditions related to the gastrointestinal tract, such as ulcers or tumors.

It's important to note that the use of ethiodized oil as a radiocontrast medium has declined in recent years due to the development of newer, safer contrast agents. Additionally, there are potential risks associated with its use, including allergic reactions and kidney damage, so it is typically used only when other options are not available or have been determined to be inappropriate.

In chemistry, an alcohol is a broad term that refers to any organic compound characterized by the presence of a hydroxyl (-OH) functional group attached to a carbon atom. This means that alcohols are essentially hydrocarbons with a hydroxyl group. The simplest alcohol is methanol (CH3OH), and ethanol (C2H5OH), also known as ethyl alcohol, is the type of alcohol found in alcoholic beverages.

In the context of medical definitions, alcohol primarily refers to ethanol, which has significant effects on the human body when consumed. Ethanol can act as a central nervous system depressant, leading to various physiological and psychological changes depending on the dose and frequency of consumption. Excessive or prolonged use of ethanol can result in various health issues, including addiction, liver disease, neurological damage, and increased risk of injuries due to impaired judgment and motor skills.

It is important to note that there are other types of alcohols (e.g., methanol, isopropyl alcohol) with different chemical structures and properties, but they are not typically consumed by humans and can be toxic or even lethal in high concentrations.

Fixatives are substances used in histology and pathology to preserve tissue specimens for microscopic examination. They work by stabilizing the structural components of cells and tissues, preventing decomposition and autolysis. This helps to maintain the original structure and composition of the specimen as closely as possible, allowing for accurate diagnosis and research. Commonly used fixatives include formalin, glutaraldehyde, methanol, and ethanol. The choice of fixative depends on the specific type of tissue being preserved and the intended use of the specimen.

A foreign-body reaction is an immune response that occurs when a non-native substance, or "foreign body," is introduced into the human body. This can include things like splinters, surgical implants, or even injected medications. The immune system recognizes these substances as foreign and mounts a response to try to eliminate them.

The initial response to a foreign body is often an acute inflammatory reaction, characterized by the release of chemical mediators that cause vasodilation, increased blood flow, and the migration of white blood cells to the site. This can result in symptoms such as redness, swelling, warmth, and pain.

If the foreign body is not eliminated, a chronic inflammatory response may develop, which can lead to the formation of granulation tissue, fibrosis, and encapsulation of the foreign body. In some cases, this reaction can cause significant tissue damage or impede proper healing.

It's worth noting that not all foreign bodies necessarily elicit a strong immune response. The nature and size of the foreign body, as well as its location in the body, can all influence the severity of the reaction.

Chemoembolization, therapeutic is a medical procedure that involves the delivery of chemotherapy drugs directly to a tumor through its blood supply, followed by the blocking of the blood vessel leading to the tumor. This approach allows for a higher concentration of the chemotherapy drug to be delivered directly to the tumor while minimizing exposure to the rest of the body. The embolization component of the procedure involves blocking the blood vessel with various substances such as microspheres, gel foam, or coils, which can help to starve the tumor of oxygen and nutrients.

Therapeutic chemoembolization is typically used in the treatment of liver cancer, including primary liver cancer (hepatocellular carcinoma) and metastatic liver cancer. It may also be used in other types of cancer that have spread to the liver. The procedure can help to reduce the size of the tumor, relieve symptoms, and improve survival rates in some patients. However, like all medical procedures, it carries a risk of complications such as infection, bleeding, and damage to surrounding tissues.

Ophthalmic solutions are sterile, single-use or multi-dose preparations in a liquid form that are intended for topical administration to the eye. These solutions can contain various types of medications, such as antibiotics, anti-inflammatory agents, antihistamines, or lubricants, which are used to treat or prevent ocular diseases and conditions.

The pH and osmolarity of ophthalmic solutions are carefully controlled to match the physiological environment of the eye and minimize any potential discomfort or irritation. The solutions may be packaged in various forms, including drops, sprays, or irrigations, depending on the intended use and administration route.

It is important to follow the instructions for use provided by a healthcare professional when administering ophthalmic solutions, as improper use can lead to eye injury or reduced effectiveness of the medication.

In the context of medical and health sciences, particle size generally refers to the diameter or dimension of particles, which can be in the form of solid particles, droplets, or aerosols. These particles may include airborne pollutants, pharmaceutical drugs, or medical devices such as nanoparticles used in drug delivery systems.

Particle size is an important factor to consider in various medical applications because it can affect the behavior and interactions of particles with biological systems. For example, smaller particle sizes can lead to greater absorption and distribution throughout the body, while larger particle sizes may be filtered out by the body's natural defense mechanisms. Therefore, understanding particle size and its implications is crucial for optimizing the safety and efficacy of medical treatments and interventions.

Pharmaceutical preservatives are substances that are added to medications, pharmaceutical products, or biological specimens to prevent degradation, contamination, or spoilage caused by microbial growth, chemical reactions, or environmental factors. These preservatives help extend the shelf life and ensure the stability, safety, and efficacy of the pharmaceutical formulation during storage and use.

Commonly used pharmaceutical preservatives include:

1. Antimicrobials: These are further classified into antifungals (e.g., benzalkonium chloride, chlorhexidine, thimerosal), antibacterials (e.g., parabens, phenol, benzyl alcohol), and antivirals (e.g., phenolic compounds). They work by inhibiting the growth of microorganisms like bacteria, fungi, and viruses.
2. Antioxidants: These substances prevent or slow down oxidation reactions that can degrade pharmaceutical products. Examples include ascorbic acid (vitamin C), tocopherols (vitamin E), sulfites, and butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA) and butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT).
3. Chelating agents: These bind to metal ions that can catalyze degradation reactions in pharmaceutical products. Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) is an example of a chelating agent used in pharmaceuticals.

The choice of preservative depends on the type of formulation, route of administration, and desired shelf life. The concentration of the preservative should be optimized to maintain product stability while minimizing potential toxicity or adverse effects. It is essential to conduct thorough safety and compatibility studies before incorporating any preservative into a pharmaceutical formulation.

Drug compounding is the process of combining, mixing, or altering ingredients to create a customized medication to meet the specific needs of an individual patient. This can be done for a variety of reasons, such as when a patient has an allergy to a certain ingredient in a mass-produced medication, or when a patient requires a different dosage or formulation than what is available commercially.

Compounding requires specialized training and equipment, and compounding pharmacists must follow strict guidelines to ensure the safety and efficacy of the medications they produce. Compounded medications are not approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA), but the FDA does regulate the ingredients used in compounding and has oversight over the practices of compounding pharmacies.

It's important to note that while compounding can provide benefits for some patients, it also carries risks, such as the potential for contamination or incorrect dosing. Patients should only receive compounded medications from reputable pharmacies that follow proper compounding standards and procedures.

Vinyl acetate Polyvinyl nitrate Polyvinyl acetate "Poly(vinyl alcohol)". ChemSrc. Schnepf MJ, Mayer M, Kuttner C, et al. (July ... and polyvinyl formal (PVF), respectively. Preparation of polyvinyl butyral is the largest use for polyvinyl alcohol in the US ... Although Polyvinyl Alcohol is often referred to by the acronym PVA, more generally PVA refers to Polyvinyl acetate, which is ... Poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVOH, PVA, or PVAl) is a water-soluble synthetic polymer. It has the idealized formula [CH2CH(OH)]n. It is ...
In enzymology, a polyvinyl-alcohol oxidase (EC 1.1.3.30) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction polyvinyl alcohol + ... oxidized polyvinyl alcohol + H2O2 Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are polyvinyl alcohol and O2, whereas its two ... polyvinyl alcohol, and PVA oxidase. Shimao M, Nishimura Y, Kato N, Sakazawa C (1985). "Localization of Polyvinyl Alcohol ... The systematic name of this enzyme class is polyvinyl-alcohol:oxygen oxidoreductase. Other names in common use include ...
... a polyvinyl-alcohol dehydrogenase (acceptor) (EC 1.1.99.23) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction polyvinyl alcohol ... oxidized polyvinyl alcohol + reduced acceptor Thus, the two substrates of this enzyme are polyvinyl alcohol and acceptor, ... The systematic name of this enzyme class is polyvinyl-alcohol:acceptor oxidoreductase. Other names in common use include PVA ... Shimao M, Onishi S, Kato N, Sakazawa C (1989). "Pyrroloquinoline Quinone-Dependent Cytochrome Reduction in Polyvinyl Alcohol- ...
... oxidized polyvinyl alcohol + ferrocytochrome c + H+ This enzyme participates in bacterial polyvinyl alcohol degradation. Shimao ... "Cloning and expression of soluble cytochrome c and its role in polyvinyl alcohol degradation by polyvinyl alcohol-utilizing ... Polyvinyl alcohol dehydrogenase (cytochrome) (EC 1.1.2.6, PVA dehydrogenase, PVADH) is an enzyme with systematic name polyvinyl ... Polyvinyl+alcohol+dehydrogenase+(cytochrome) at the U.S. National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) Portal: ...
used polyvinyl alcohol. In order to remove or recover the extracted solute, SIR particles can be regenerated using low pressure ...
It is prepared from polyvinyl alcohol by reaction with butyraldehyde. The major application is laminated safety glass for ... Glass Polyvinyl chloride Hallensleben, Manfred L. (2000). "Polyvinyl Compounds, Others". Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial ... Polyvinyl butyral (or PVB) is a resin mostly used for applications that require strong binding, optical clarity, adhesion to ... Dhaliwal, A. K.; Hay, J. N. (2002). "The characterization of polyvinyl butyral by thermal analysis". Thermochimica Acta. 91 (1- ...
"Polyvinyl Alcohol Slime - Gelfand Center - Carnegie Mellon University". www.cmu.edu. Retrieved 2022-11-01. Cassassa, E. Z.; A. ... "Polyvinyl Alcohol Slime - Gelfand Center - Carnegie Mellon University". www.cmu.edu. Retrieved 2022-11-01. (CS1: long volume ... The resulting polymer network is composed of strands of polyvinyl alcohol held together side-by-side by the borate molecules. ... or Slime is a rubbery polymer formed by cross-linking of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) with a borate compound. Slime can be made by ...
Polymerization produces polyvinyl acetate (PVAc). Hydrolysis of PVAc produces polyvinyl alcohol (PVOH). PVOH is stretched into ... is a synthetic fiber produced from reaction between polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) fiber and formaldehyde. Chemically it is polyvinyl ... NKChosun.com Fibers-Poly-Vinyl-Alcohol Archived 2012-11-03 at the Wayback Machine (All articles with incomplete citations, ... Andrei, Mihai (2022-11-08). "Vinylon -- how a material made from coal, alcohol, and limestone became the clothing default in ...
In another study, porous cellulose nanocrystals and poly(vinyl alcohol) CNC/PVA nanocomposite films with a thickness of 25−70 ... "Biosensors Cellulose Nanocrystal-Poly(vinyl Alcohol) Scaffolds". ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces. 6 (15): 12674-12683. doi: ...
polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) - These are permanent agents. They are tiny balls 50-1200 um in size. The particles are not meant to ... The alcohol does need some time to denature proteins of the endothelium and activate the coagulation system to cause a blood ... Ethylene Vinyl Alcohol Copolymer, soluted in Dimethyl-Sulfoxide (DMSO) under the trade name Onyx. Depending on the desired ... It contains 2% benzyl alcohol, so it is less painful than ethanol. However it does cause hemolysis and kidney failure in large ...
Poly(vinyl alcohol) is one of the few biodegradable vinyl polymers that is soluble in water. Due to its solubility in water (an ... Chiellini, Emo; Corti, Andrea; D'Antone, Salvatore; Solaro, Roberto (June 2003). "Biodegradation of poly (vinyl alcohol) based ...
Peppas was the first to develop novel toxic-free poly(vinyl alcohol) gels by the freezing-thawing technique in 1975. These gels ... Peppas, N.A.; Benner Jr, R.E. (1980). "Method of intracordal injection and gelation of poly (vinyl alcohol) solution in vocal ... Mongia, N.K.; Anseth, K.S.; Peppas, N.A. (1996). "Mucoadhesive Poly(vinyl alcohol) Hydrogels Produced by Freezing/Thawing ... "Turbidimetric studies of aqueous poly(vinyl alcohol) solutions". Makromol. Chem. 176 (11): 3433-3440. doi:10.1002/macp. ...
... was first synthesized by submersing polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) in a solution of concentrated sulfuric and nitric ... PVN can be prepared by nitrating polyvinyl alcohol with an excess of nitric acid. Because PVN is also a nitrate ester such as ... Nitrate ester Polyvinyl ester Vinyl polymer "Process for preparing polyvinyl nitrate", issued 1936-07-15 R.A. Streker and F.D. ... Polyvinyl nitrate (abbreviated: PVN) is a high-energy polymer with the idealized formula of [CH2CH(ONO2)]. Polyvinyl nitrate is ...
Polyvinyl alcohol −[HOCHCH2]−: Polyvinyl acetate is partially or completely hydrolysed to give polyvinyl alcohol. This ... In alkaline conditions, boron compounds such as boric acid or borax cause the polyvinyl alcohol to cross-link, forming ... PVAc dispersions such as Elmer's Glue-All contain polyvinyl alcohol as a protective colloid. ... Polyvinyl acetate phthalate (PVAP): Polyvinyl acetate is partially hydrolyzed and then esterified with phthalic acid. Ethylene ...
Merrill, EW; Salzman, EW; Wong, PS; Ashford, TP; Brown, A. H.; Austen, WG (1970). "Polyvinyl alcohol--- heparin hydrogel "G"". ... He developed new heparinized biomedical surfaces based on poly (vinyl alcohol) and hydroxylated SBS-block copolymer systems ( ... Peppas, Nikolaos A.; Merrill, Edward W. (1977). "Development of semicrystalline poly(vinyl alcohol) hydrogels for biomedical ...
"Freeze/thawed polyvinyl alcohol hydrogels: Present, past and future". European Polymer Journal. 164: 110974. doi:10.1016/j. ...
Poly(vinyl alcohol) in aqueous solution is used for cigarette adhesives. Permeability is defined as the measure of the volume ... The tip paper may be covered with polyvinyl alcohol. Cigar or cigarillo casing paper holds the chopped tobacco together and ... 1-8, doi:10.1002/14356007.a26_163 Manfred L. Hallensleben (2007), "Polyvinyl Compounds, Others", Ullmann's Encyclopedia of ... "Vinyl Alcohol Polymers", Kirk-Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology (5th ed.), Wiley, p. 26, doi:10.1002/ ...
Polyvinyl alcohol hydrogels are usually produced by the freeze-thawed technique. In this, the solution is frozen for a few ... This method, called "salting out", has been applied to poly(vinyl alcohol) hydrogels by adding a sodium sulfate salt solution. ... Utilizing both the freeze-casting and salting-out processing techniques on poly(vinyl alcohol) hydrogels to induce hierarchical ... Common synthetic polymers include polyvinyl alcohol, polyethylene glycol, sodium polyacrylate, acrylate polymers and copolymers ...
The tip paper may be coated with polyvinyl alcohol. The tobacco industry determined that the illusion of filtration was more ... 1-70, doi:10.1002/14356007.a01_221, ISBN 978-3527306732 F. L. Marten (2002), "Vinyl Alcohol Polymers", Kirk-Othmer Encyclopedia ...
"Micropatterning of silver nanoclusters embedded in polyvinyl alcohol films". Optics Letters. 41 (15): 3627-3630. Bibcode: ...
Anti-creasing agents consist of corn starch and polyvinyl acetate. Anti-soil agents consist of polyacrylic polyvinyl alcohol ... Apply alcohol on the stain surrounded area before using the solvent to the stain. Then wash it in the laundry and rinse it. Or ... Preferred liquid carriers include isopropyl alcohol or water mixtures, they are evaporative under room temperature. Methanol, ... Bodying agents consists of carboxymethyl cellulose, hydroxyethyl cellulose, starch and polyvinyl acetate. Germicides consist of ...
... has the ability to degrade polyvinyl alcohol. Collins MD, Jones D, Keddie RM, Kroppenstedt RM, Schleifer ... Chung, Jinwook; Kim, Seungjin; Choi, Kwangkeun; Kim, Jong-Oh (17 June 2015). "Degradation of polyvinyl alcohol in textile waste ...
Poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) hydrogels were used in this study. It was difficult to meet the mechanical properties of articular ... In 2020, developers combined a bacterial cellulose nanofiber network with a poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) - poly(2-acrylamido-2- ... Bray JC, Merrill EW (September 1973). "Poly(vinyl alcohol) hydrogels for synthetic articular cartilage material". Journal of ... "Freeze/thawed polyvinyl alcohol hydrogels: Present, past and future". European Polymer Journal. 164: 110974. doi:10.1016/j. ...
Layek RK, Samanta S, Nandi AK (2012-03-01). "The physical properties of sulfonated graphene/poly(vinyl alcohol) composites". ... Yan Y, Zhu F, Zhu C, Chen Z, Liu S, Wang C, Gu C (October 2021). "Dibutyl phthalate release from polyvinyl chloride ... This can transform it into other compounds such as phthalic acid and various isobutyl alcohol derivatives. Sorption: DIBP can ... and other microorganisms in the environment to form phthalic acid and isobutyl alcohol. This can lead to the breakdown and the ...
A typical formulation is composed of 25% polyethylene glycol (PEG) and 75% polyvinyl alcohol (PVA); where the vinyl alcohol ... Polyethylene glycol-polyvinyl alcohol (PEG-PVA) brand name Kollicoat IR (BASF) is a multifunctional excipient used as a pill ... Kevin Williams (November 30, 2015). "Polyethylene Glycol-Polyvinyl Alcohol Graft Copolymer: A Peroxide-Free Binder". American ...
This colorless liquid is the precursor to polyvinyl acetate, ethene-vinyl acetate copolymers, polyvinyl alcohol, and other ... Polyvinyl alcohol Vinyl propionate "Public Health Statement for Vinyl Acetate". Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease ... Vinyl acetate is the acetate ester of vinyl alcohol. Since vinyl alcohol is highly unstable (with respect to acetaldehyde), the ... polyvinyl chloride acetate (PVCA), and polyvinylpyrrolidone (Vp/Va copolymer, used in hair gels). Due to the instability of the ...
He formulated and characterized chitosan-poly(vinyl alcohol)/bentonite nanocomposites. The study of adsorption of Hg(II) ions ... "Preparation and characterization of chitosan-poly(vinyl alcohol)/bentonite nanocomposites for adsorption of Hg(II) ions". ...
H-sheet is a polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) polymer impregnated with iodine. During manufacture, the PVA polymer chains are stretched ...
One of the most common suspending agents is polyvinyl alcohol (PVA). Usually, the monomer conversion is completed unlike in ... This process is used in the production of many commercial resins, including polyvinyl chloride (PVC), a widely used plastic, ...
... polyvinyl alcohol, polyethylene and its copolymers. Solvents are usually chosen based on the applications of the gel. They can ...
Vinyl acetate Polyvinyl nitrate Polyvinyl acetate "Poly(vinyl alcohol)". ChemSrc. Schnepf MJ, Mayer M, Kuttner C, et al. (July ... and polyvinyl formal (PVF), respectively. Preparation of polyvinyl butyral is the largest use for polyvinyl alcohol in the US ... Although Polyvinyl Alcohol is often referred to by the acronym PVA, more generally PVA refers to Polyvinyl acetate, which is ... Poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVOH, PVA, or PVAl) is a water-soluble synthetic polymer. It has the idealized formula [CH2CH(OH)]n. It is ...
Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) is the worlds largest volume, synthetic, water soluble polymer. PVA is nonhazardous and is used in ... Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) is the worlds largest volume, synthetic, water soluble polymer. PVA is nonhazardous and is used in ... Its most popular use in schools is in the preparation of "slime." PVA is a polymer with a repeating vinyl alcohol unit and its ...
Sol-Gel Based Foam, α-Fe2O3 Nanoparticles, Polyvinyl Alcohol, Catalytic Activity ... Mansur, H.S., Sadahira, C.M., Souza, A.N. and Mansur, A.A.P. (2008) FTIR Spectroscopy Characterization of Poly(vinyl alcohol) ... Cobalt Incorporated Pyramidal Shaped α-Fe2O3 Nanoparticles from Poly-vinyl Alcohol Based Precursor () ... α-Fe2O3 Nanoparticles from Poly-vinyl Alcohol Based Precursor. Advances in Nanoparticles, 5, 9-17. doi: 10.4236/anp.2016.51002 ...
"Carboxymethylated Polyvinyl Alcohol Stabilizes Doped Ferrofluids for Biological Applications." Advanced Materials 22 (45): 5168 ... Highly magnetic MnFe2O4 nanocrystals (NCs) are coated with non-cross-linked carboxymethyl polyvinyl alcohol to produce ...
... vinyl alcohol) (PVAL) materials - Part 1: Designation system and basis for specifications ... Plastics - Poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVAL) materials - Part 1: Designation system and basis for specifications. ...
We spun fibers from aqueous dispersions of BNNTs in polyvinyl alcohol Popular Advances ... We spun fibers from aqueous dispersions of BNNTs in polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) solutions by a wet spinning method. Our results ... Boron nitride nanotubes enhance mechanical properties of fibers from nanotube/polyvinyl alcohol dispersions J. F. Khoury, J. C ... Boron nitride nanotubes enhance mechanical properties of fibers from nanotube/polyvinyl alcohol dispersions† ...
In order to determine possible risk factors and to assess the value of platinum microcoils added to polyvinyl alcohol particles ... Of these, procedures in 51 adults involved the use of polyvinyl alcohol particles, either alone (n = 29) or in combination with ... Preoperative embolization of cerebral arteriovenous malformations with polyvinyl alcohol particles: experience in 51 adults.. P ... We have not found recanalization to significantly hinder embolization results with polyvinyl alcohol when resection is ...
The recent analysis by Report Ocean on the Polyvinyl Alcohol Fiber Market Report 2022 revolves around various aspects of the ... What is the Polyvinyl Alcohol Fiber?. The Polyvinyl Alcohol Fiber Market has witnessed substantial growth in recent years, with ... The global polyvinyl alcohol fiber market is expected to grow at a CAGR of 3.39% during the forecast period 2018 and 2023. ... Polyvinyl Alcohol Fiber Market Size, Share, Growth, Trends, Analysis & Report 2023 - 2031. Tweet ...
This paper reports green nanocomposites made by blending polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) with cellulose nanofiber (CNF) isolated from ... Green nanocomposite, cellulose, TEMPO-oxidation, recycled paper, polyvinyl alcohol Cite This Article. Hai, L. V., Zhai, L., Kim ... Green Nanocomposites Made With Polyvinyl Alcohol and Cellulose Nanofibers Isolated From Recycled Paper. Le Van Hai1,2, Lindong ... This paper reports green nanocomposites made by blending polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) with cellulose nanofiber (CNF) isolated from ...
Browse through our list of sellers and get the best deals for Polyvinyl Alcohol (PVA) on Fibre2Fashion - 139480 ... Explore and discover high quality Polyvinyl Alcohol (PVA) Buyers importers, exporters and dealers in India and across the world ... We expect to purchase Polyvinyl Alcohol - 1768.. Import Market : China, Japan, Korea. ...
What is the market segmentation of the global polyvinyl alcohol market?. *What is the regional breakup of the global polyvinyl ... What is the layout of a polyvinyl alcohol manufacturing plant?. *What are the machinery requirements for setting up a polyvinyl ... Polyvinyl Alcohol. Report Coverage. Detailed Process Flow: Unit Operations Involved, Quality Assurance Criteria, Technical ... Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) has a melting point of 230°C and 180-190°C for the fully and partially hydrolyzed grades, respectively ...
In this study molecular dynamics of ionic liquids in poly(vinyl alcohol) scaffolds were investigated. The binary poly(vinyl ... Dynamics of ionic liquids in poly(vinyl alcohol) porous scaffold. Low field NMR study. ... and poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) at different concentrations. Subsequently water was evaporated under open conditions, leaving the ... alcohol) - ionic liquid (PVA-IL) compound was prepared from initial solutions of water, ionic liquid (IL) ...
PVOH 30-99 is a medium viscosity, fully hydrolyzed grade of polyvinyl alcohol. It is a white powder that is soluble in hot ... Polyvinyl Alcohol PVOH3099. (Elvanol® 71-30) Medium viscosity SKU: PVOH3099. Select Option ▼ ... Medium viscosity, fully hydrolyzed grade of polyvinyl alcohol. *Soluble in hot water but insoluble in cold water and common ...
We mainly deals in polyvinyl alcohol,PVA,PVA fiber and raw materials for producing PVA like vinyl acetate,calcium carbide. ... LTD China Polyvinyl Alcohol PVA Polyvinyl Alcohol PVA Fibers ...
Polyvinyl alcohol is used as an aid in suspension polymerizations. Its largest application in China is its use as a protective ... colloid to make polyvinyl acetate dispersions.. In Japan its major use is the production of vinylon fiber. ...
Chemtradeasia as a leading chemicals supplier provides Polyvinyl Alcohol in bulk and various grades. Click here to find 500+ ... Polyvinyl alcohols, also known as Polyethanol or PVA, are polymers from its monomer vinyl alcohol. Polyvinyl alcohol is ... In food manufacturing, polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) is used as a food additive used as a film coating agent for food supplements. ... Polyvinyl alcohol is precipitated, washed, and dried. The degree of hydrolysis is determined by the time point at which the ...
Polyvinyl alcohol JP24 is a material in the form of powder with solid chemical state, from the family of synthetic polymers, ... Buy and sell polyvinyl alcohol, Chemicals Trading, Laboratory polyvinyl alcohol purchase, Prices of polyvinyl alcohol ... What is Polyvinyl alcohol JP24?. Polyvinyl is a synthetic polymer from the family of weak vinyl alcohol monomers, which is ... Polyvinyl alcohol JP24 is a material in the form of powder with solid chemical state, from the family of synthetic polymers, ...
Polymer gels Poly(vinyl alcohol) Phosphorylated poly(vinyl alcohol) Chondroitin sulphate Swelling behavior ... Abstract New polymer hydrogels based on partially phosphorylated poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA/Phosphoester) have been prepared. ... Preparation and characterization of new hydrogels based on poly(vinyl alcohol)/phosphoester - chondroitin sulphate. ...
The Global Water Alliance is a Philadelphia-USA based non-government 501c3 organization. We are comprised of professionals and students from many disciplines, who apply an integrated water management perspective in the pursuit of its goals, targeting specifically drinking water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) challenges with special attention to the global equity issues. We provide assistance to others who work on ameliorating the water needs of poor and underserved peoples everywhere, we mentor the next generation of professionals, and we promote a "water footprint mindset" among our youth ...
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ACETYLATED POLYVINYL ALCOHOL ● ETHENYL ACETATE, HOMOPOLYMER ● ETHENYL ESTER HOMOPOLYMER ACETIC ACID ● HOMOPOLYMER ACETIC ACID, ... Polyvinyl Acetate is a homopolymer of Vinyl Acetate (q.v.).. Common concerns. See how this product scores for common concerns. ...
Polyvinyl alcohol. PVA is obtained by the reticulation of PVA (Ivalon) with formaldehyde. PVA is available as particles with a ... Ethanol (absolute alcohol) is the most commonly used liquid agent. Embolization with absolute alcohol has a direct toxic effect ... Materials used in embolization include coils, ethanol, sodium tetradecyl sulfate, cyanoacrylate, polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), ... When absolute alcohol is mixed with a contrast medium and when small catheters are used, superselective vascular embolization ...
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Chemtradeasia Peru as a leading chemicals supplier provides Polyvinyl Alcohol in bulk and various grades. Click here to find ... Polyvinyl alcohols, also known as Polyethanol or PVA, are polymers from its monomer vinyl alcohol. Polyvinyl alcohol is ... In food manufacturing, polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) is used as a food additive used as a film coating agent for food supplements. ... Polyvinyl alcohol is precipitated, washed, and dried. The degree of hydrolysis is determined by the time point at which the ...
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Polyvinyl alcohol (PVOH) is a water-soluble synthetic polymer made by alcoholysis of polyvinyl acetate. Its properties depend ... To control the performance of Polyvinyl alcohol, it is important to monitor the molecular weight and intrinsic viscosity. The ...
Be the first to review "Polyvinyl Alcohol (PVA) 2688 (088-60)" Cancel reply. Your email address will not be published. Required ... VAC is polymerized into polyvinyl acetate (PVAC) by radical polymerization, and then its hydrolyzed fully or partially to ...
  • It is used in papermaking, textile warp sizing, as a thickener and emulsion stabilizer in polyvinyl acetate (PVAc) adhesive formulations, in a variety of coatings, and 3D printing. (wikipedia.org)
  • Although Polyvinyl Alcohol is often referred to by the acronym PVA, more generally PVA refers to Polyvinyl acetate, which is commonly used as a wood adhesive, sealer and water soluble plastic. (wikipedia.org)
  • Instead, PVA is prepared by hydrolysis of polyvinyl acetate, or sometimes other vinyl ester-derived polymers with formate or chloroacetate groups instead of acetate. (wikipedia.org)
  • Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) is a synthetic polymer derived from the polymerization of vinyl acetate monomers. (imarcgroup.com)
  • We mainly deals in polyvinyl alcohol,PVA,PVA fiber and raw materials for producing PVA like vinyl acetate,calcium carbide. (china-pva.net)
  • Polyvinyl is a synthetic polymer from the family of weak vinyl alcohol monomers, which is usually produced in industry through the polymerization of vinyl acetate monomers. (pilartejarat.com)
  • Polyvinyl Acetate is a homopolymer of Vinyl Acetate (q.v. (ewg.org)
  • The primary raw material used in the manufacture of polyvinyl alcohol is a vinyl acetate monomer. (chemtradeasia.pe)
  • Polyvinyl alcohol (PVOH) is a water-soluble synthetic polymer made by alcoholysis of polyvinyl acetate. (malvernpanalytical.com)
  • VAC is polymerized into polyvinyl acetate (PVAC) by radical polymerization, and then it's hydrolyzed fully or partially to produce PVA series products. (imartpk.com)
  • Instead, PVA is made by dissolving another polymer, polyvinyl acetate, in an alcohol such as methanol and treating it with an alkaline catalyst such as sodium hydroxide. (wanwei-pva.com)
  • Polyvinyl Alcohol is manufactured by polymerization of vinyl acetate monomer, followed by hydrolysis of the polyvinyl acetate. (sinopva.com)
  • Herein, we report on a strategy for the biocompatible functionalization of GNRs with a hydrophobic polymeric precursor, polyvinyl acetate, which is then transformed into its hydrophilic analogue, polyvinyl alcohol. (unifr.ch)
  • Poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVOH, PVA, or PVAl) is a water-soluble synthetic polymer. (wikipedia.org)
  • A facile strategy for the preparation of poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA)/poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) photonic crystal materials with pH and metal cation responses is presented. (rsc.org)
  • 86. Dynamics of ionic liquids in poly(vinyl alcohol) porous scaffold. (magritek.com)
  • In this study molecular dynamics of ionic liquids in poly(vinyl alcohol) scaffolds were investigated. (magritek.com)
  • The binary poly(vinyl alcohol) - ionic liquid (PVA-IL) compound was prepared from initial solutions of water, ionic liquid (IL) and poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) at different concentrations. (magritek.com)
  • Abstract New polymer hydrogels based on partially phosphorylated poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA/Phosphoester) have been prepared. (edu.pl)
  • PVA (or Poly Vinyl Alcohol) is a product that totally dissolves when it comes into contact with water, leaving no traces and is totally environmentally friendly! (premierangler.com)
  • This thesis deals with the fabrication, characterization, and evaluation antimicrobial and anti-biofouling activity of electrospun poly (vinyl alcohol) (PVA) nanofibers with quaternary ammonium compound (QAC) and PVA/poly acrylic acid (PAA) nanofibers with protease for applying in water filtration. (snu.ac.kr)
  • Chemical/thermal modification of poly(vinyl alcohol) film for enhanced water vapour barrier properties. (shu.ac.uk)
  • Poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVOH), a water soluble and biodegradable polymer, is a real option for sustainable packaging when applied as either a coating for paper and paperboard packaging or an independent packaging film. (shu.ac.uk)
  • Abstract To develop thermal insulation packaging film, poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) films incorporated with silica aerogel (SA) were prepared. (tib.eu)
  • In the preparation of biocompatible polymer blends of chitosan and poly (vinyl) alcohol. (sigmaaldrich.com)
  • In the synthesis of bioactive polymer blends of poly(lactic acid)/poly(vinyl-alcohol)-chitosan. (sigmaaldrich.com)
  • Poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) is used as matrix and nano-silica (SiO2), nanoclay (NC) and microfibrillated cellulose (MFC) are used as fillers to improve the mechanical stability of the PVA scaffold. (firstpointsoftware.com)
  • The open pore structure of an ice templated poly(vinyl alcohol) PVA composite or gelatin23 can be used for the targeted release of pharmaceutical ingredients or for skin regeneration materials24. (firstpointsoftware.com)
  • Poly(vinyl alcohol) with an average molecular weight of 13.000-23.000 g mol−1 (98% hydrolyzed, Sigma Aldrich) was used. (firstpointsoftware.com)
  • Mallakpour S, Khadem E, 2016, Recent Achievements in the Synthesis of Biosafe Poly(Vinyl Alcohol) Nanocomposite (Chapter 16) . (ac.ir)
  • In this study, pervaporative separation capability of poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) based different membranes were investigated. (comu.edu.tr)
  • Poly(vinyl alcohol) and co-solvent effects have been extensively studied in the gel state but not in fi lms. (lincoln.ac.uk)
  • Lim, M, Kim, D & Seo, J 2015, Highly-enhanced water resistant and barrier properties of cross-linked poly(vinyl alcohol) hybrid films . (elsevierpure.com)
  • PVOH 30-99 is a medium viscosity, fully hydrolyzed grade of polyvinyl alcohol. (nutchem.com)
  • Polyvinyl alcohol (abbreviated as PVA) also can be called PVOH. (wanwei-pva.com)
  • The global polyvinyl alcohol fiber market is expected to grow at a CAGR of 3.39% during the forecast period 2018 and 2023. (taiwannews.com.tw)
  • The report also provides a segment-wise and region-wise breakup of the global polyvinyl alcohol industry. (imarcgroup.com)
  • The specific functional and physical characteristics of polyvinyl alcohol will depend on the degree of hydrolysis and the degree of polymerization. (chemtradeasia.pe)
  • Butyraldehyde and formaldehyde afford polyvinyl butyral (PVB) and polyvinyl formal (PVF), respectively. (wikipedia.org)
  • Preparation of polyvinyl butyral is the largest use for polyvinyl alcohol in the US and Western Europe. (wikipedia.org)
  • Polyvinyl alcohol is used as a polymer emulsifying agent, dispersing agent, and used to produce PVA formal, PVA acetal, PVA butyral. (chemtradeasia.pe)
  • The global polyvinyl butyral market was valued at USD 3.7 billion in 2022 and is projected to reach USD 5.1 billion by 2027, growing at a cagr 6.5% from 2022 to 2027. (marketsandmarkets.com)
  • After watching explosion&fires video on polymer explosives I got very interested in polyvinyl nitrate as a rocket motor. (amateurpyro.com)
  • Somewhere in a similar study it said PVA could be nitrated in HNO3 without the sulfuric acid (to make Polyvinyl Nitrate), but had the drawback of bursting into flames when exposed to air again. (amateurpyro.com)
  • To control the performance of Polyvinyl alcohol, it is important to monitor the molecular weight and intrinsic viscosity. (malvernpanalytical.com)
  • Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) is the world's largest volume, synthetic, water soluble polymer. (flinnsci.com)
  • Polyvinyl alcohol JP24 is a material in the form of powder with solid chemical state, from the family of synthetic polymers, non-toxic, white, water-soluble, tasteless, odorless, which also has the ability to store electrical charge. (pilartejarat.com)
  • Polyvinyl Alcohol is a water soluble and biodegradable synthetic polymer. (sinopva.com)
  • The conversion of the polyvinyl esters is usually conducted by base-catalysed transesterification with ethanol: [CH2CH(OAc)]n + C2H5OH → [CH2CH(OH)]n + C2H5OAc The properties of the polymer are affected by the degree of transesterification. (wikipedia.org)
  • Specifications for the following food additives were revised: magnesium stearate, polyvinyl alcohol and sorbitan esters of fatty acids. (who.int)
  • Unlike most vinyl polymers, PVA is not prepared by polymerization of the corresponding monomer, since the monomer, vinyl alcohol, is thermodynamically unstable with respect to its tautomerization to acetaldehyde. (wikipedia.org)
  • Polyvinyl alcohols, also known as Polyethanol or PVA, are polymers from its monomer vinyl alcohol. (chemtradeasia.pe)
  • In this study, porous scaffold materials based on polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and gelatin (Gel) were successfully fabricated and characterized. (mdpi.com)
  • Various preservatives are available (see table), with the two most commonly used being 10% aqueous formalin and PVA (polyvinyl-alcohol). (cdc.gov)
  • The recent analysis by Report Ocean on the Polyvinyl Alcohol Fiber Market Report 2022 revolves around various aspects of the market, including characteristics, size and growth, segmentation, regional and country breakdowns, competitive landscape, market shares, trends, strategies, etc. (taiwannews.com.tw)
  • What is the Polyvinyl Alcohol Fiber? (taiwannews.com.tw)
  • The Polyvinyl Alcohol Fiber Market has witnessed substantial growth in recent years, with a surge in demand and market dynamics driving this expansion. (taiwannews.com.tw)
  • In the textile sector, polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) fibers are employed to enhance the strength, durability, and resilience of fabrics. (taiwannews.com.tw)
  • It is also used in the production of polyvinyl alcohol fibers, which find applications in textiles, non-woven fabrics, and medical products. (imarcgroup.com)
  • Ethanol (absolute alcohol) is the most commonly used liquid agent. (medscape.com)
  • Herein, a double-layer flexible hydrogel sensor is presented, which is made of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) with high stretchability up to 415% strain and supercompressibility to 92% strain, and considerable electrical conductivity (1.11 S m -1 ). (espublisher.com)
  • PVA is a polymer with a repeating vinyl alcohol unit and its molecular weight can range from 25,000 to 300,000. (flinnsci.com)
  • The conditions for obtaining polymeric medical films based on polyvinyl alcohol were revealed, as well as the investigation of certain physicochemical properties of the resulting films. (crimsonpublishers.com)
  • Polyvinyl alcohol is physically odorless and tasteless, translucent, non- toxic, white or cream colored granular powder. (chemtradeasia.pe)
  • The possibility of using PolyVinyl Alcohol (PVA) as the sole polymer for creating medical coatings is due to its availability, low cost, and non-toxicity. (crimsonpublishers.com)
  • Preoperative embolization of cerebral arteriovenous malformations with polyvinyl alcohol particles: experience in 51 adults. (ajnr.org)
  • In order to determine possible risk factors and to assess the value of platinum microcoils added to polyvinyl alcohol particles in preoperative embolization of cerebral arteriovenous malformations in adults, we reviewed our experience with this procedure. (ajnr.org)
  • We have not found recanalization to significantly hinder embolization results with polyvinyl alcohol when resection is undertaken within 1-4 weeks of embolization. (ajnr.org)
  • Embolization results in cerebral arteriovenous malformations were improved with superselective catheterization and most improved with the combined use of polyvinyl alcohol for nidus embolization followed by occlusion of the feeding vessel with microcoils. (ajnr.org)
  • Embolization with absolute alcohol has a direct toxic effect on the endothelium that activates the coagulation system and causes the microaggregation of red blood cells. (medscape.com)
  • IMARC Group's report, titled "Polyvinyl Alcohol Manufacturing Plant Project Report 2024: Industry Trends, Plant Setup, Machinery, Raw Materials, Investment Opportunities, Cost and Revenue" provides a complete roadmap for setting up a polyvinyl alcohol manufacturing plant. (imarcgroup.com)
  • 2. We have a great dream that Foshan Polyva Materials Co.,Ltd. one day will become a professional polyvinyl alcohol film enterprise. (polyva-pvafilm.com)
  • This paper examines the prospects of using polyvinyl alcohol as a unique binding filler, ideally suited for the creation of cutting-edge test materials and wound dressings. (crimsonpublishers.com)
  • In developing chitosan-polyvinyl alcohol-bioactive glass composite membranes. (sigmaaldrich.com)
  • PVA (polyvinyl alcohol) is a water soluble support material for multi-extrusion 3D printing. (stemfinity.com)
  • Polyvinyl Alcohol (PVA) : For textile. (fibre2fashion.com)
  • Polyvinyl alcohol is used as a warp dressing agent, textile finishing agent, and the raw material of vinylon. (chemtradeasia.pe)
  • While looking for a workout I found a blurb from a paper that states polyvinyl alcohol can be directly nitrated in a heated bath of solvents and sodium nitrite. (amateurpyro.com)
  • Polyvinyl Alcohol products have a wide range of uses. (sinopva.com)
  • Is used in the production of disposable detergent packages, in the preparation of polyvinyl and tiral, etc. (pilartejarat.com)
  • Because of that, polyvinyl alcohol is classified into two classes namely: partially hydrolyzed and fully hydrolyzed. (chemtradeasia.pe)
  • Worldwide consumption of polyvinyl alcohol was over one million metric tons in 2006. (wikipedia.org)
  • Additionally, it also provides the price analysis of feedstocks used in the manufacturing of polyvinyl alcohol, along with the industry profit margins. (imarcgroup.com)
  • Using the state-of-the-art production equipment, POLYVA polyvinyl alcohol film is produced with flawless surface finishes. (polyva-pvafilm.com)
  • Polyvinyl alcohol has excellent film-forming, emulsifying and adhesive properties. (wikipedia.org)
  • In food manufacturing, polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) is used as a food additive used as a film coating agent for food supplements. (chemtradeasia.pe)
  • POLYVA polyvinyl alcohol film is manufactured by our adroit worker by using the sophisticated equipment and advanced techniques. (polyva-pvafilm.com)
  • The report also provides detailed information related to the process flow and various unit operations involved in a polyvinyl alcohol manufacturing plant. (imarcgroup.com)
  • The report provides insights into the landscape of the polyvinyl alcohol industry at the global level. (imarcgroup.com)