Polysaccharides. Medical search

Polysaccharides found in bacteria and in capsules thereof.

An envelope of loose gel surrounding a bacterial cell which is associated with the virulence of pathogenic bacteria. Some capsules have a well-defined border, whereas others form a slime layer that trails off into the medium. Most capsules consist of relatively simple polysaccharides but there are some bacteria whose capsules are made of polypeptides.

Cell wall components constituting a polysaccharide core found in fungi. They may act as antigens or structural substrates.

The sequence of carbohydrates within POLYSACCHARIDES; GLYCOPROTEINS; and GLYCOLIPIDS.

The lipopolysaccharide-protein somatic antigens, usually from gram-negative bacteria, important in the serological classification of enteric bacilli. The O-specific chains determine the specificity of the O antigens of a given serotype. O antigens are the immunodominant part of the lipopolysaccharide molecule in the intact bacterial cell. (From Singleton & Sainsbury, Dictionary of Microbiology and Molecular Biology, 2d ed)

A methylpentose whose L- isomer is found naturally in many plant glycosides and some gram-negative bacterial lipopolysaccharides.

Immunoglobulins produced in a response to BACTERIAL ANTIGENS.

The characteristic 3-dimensional shape of a carbohydrate.

The outermost layer of a cell in most PLANTS; BACTERIA; FUNGI; and ALGAE. The cell wall is usually a rigid structure that lies external to the CELL MEMBRANE, and provides a protective barrier against physical or chemical agents.

Simple sugars, carbohydrates which cannot be decomposed by hydrolysis. They are colorless crystalline substances with a sweet taste and have the same general formula CnH2nOn. (From Dorland, 28th ed)

Semisynthetic vaccines consisting of polysaccharide antigens from microorganisms attached to protein carrier molecules. The carrier protein is recognized by macrophages and T-cells thus enhancing immunity. Conjugate vaccines induce antibody formation in people not responsive to polysaccharide alone, induce higher levels of antibody, and show a booster response on repeated injection.

High molecular weight polysaccharides present in the cell walls of all plants. Pectins cement cell walls together. They are used as emulsifiers and stabilizers in the food industry. They have been tried for a variety of therapeutic uses including as antidiarrheals, where they are now generally considered ineffective, and in the treatment of hypercholesterolemia.

Acids derived from monosaccharides by the oxidation of the terminal (-CH2OH) group farthest removed from the carbonyl group to a (-COOH) group. (From Stedmans, 26th ed)

Spectroscopic method of measuring the magnetic moment of elementary particles such as atomic nuclei, protons or electrons. It is employed in clinical applications such as NMR Tomography (MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING).

Polysaccharides composed of repeating galactose units. They can consist of branched or unbranched chains in any linkages.

Substances elaborated by bacteria that have antigenic activity.

Polysaccharides composed of repeating glucose units. They can consist of branched or unbranched chains in any linkages.

Suspensions of attenuated or killed bacteria administered for the prevention or treatment of infectious bacterial disease.

A species of gram-negative, aerobic BACTERIA. It is a commensal and pathogen only of humans, and can be carried asymptomatically in the NASOPHARYNX. When found in cerebrospinal fluid it is the causative agent of cerebrospinal meningitis (MENINGITIS, MENINGOCOCCAL). It is also found in venereal discharges and blood. There are at least 13 serogroups based on antigenic differences in the capsular polysaccharides; the ones causing most meningitis infections being A, B, C, Y, and W-135. Each serogroup can be further classified by serotype, serosubtype, and immunotype.

Polysaccharides consisting of xylose units.

Descriptions of specific amino acid, carbohydrate, or nucleotide sequences which have appeared in the published literature and/or are deposited in and maintained by databanks such as GENBANK, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), National Biomedical Research Foundation (NBRF), or other sequence repositories.

The largest class of organic compounds, including STARCH; GLYCOGEN; CELLULOSE; POLYSACCHARIDES; and simple MONOSACCHARIDES. Carbohydrates are composed of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen in a ratio of Cn(H2O)n.

A species of the fungus CRYPTOCOCCUS. Its teleomorph is Filobasidiella neoformans.

A strong oxidizing agent.

Process of determining and distinguishing species of bacteria or viruses based on antigens they share.

An aldohexose that occurs naturally in the D-form in lactose, cerebrosides, gangliosides, and mucoproteins. Deficiency of galactosyl-1-phosphate uridyltransferase (GALACTOSE-1-PHOSPHATE URIDYL-TRANSFERASE DEFICIENCY DISEASE) causes an error in galactose metabolism called GALACTOSEMIA, resulting in elevations of galactose in the blood.

Lipid-containing polysaccharides which are endotoxins and important group-specific antigens. They are often derived from the cell wall of gram-negative bacteria and induce immunoglobulin secretion. The lipopolysaccharide molecule consists of three parts: LIPID A, core polysaccharide, and O-specific chains (O ANTIGENS). When derived from Escherichia coli, lipopolysaccharides serve as polyclonal B-cell mitogens commonly used in laboratory immunology. (From Dorland, 28th ed)

Enzymes that catalyze the transfer of glycosyl groups to an acceptor. Most often another carbohydrate molecule acts as an acceptor, but inorganic phosphate can also act as an acceptor, such as in the case of PHOSPHORYLASES. Some of the enzymes in this group also catalyze hydrolysis, which can be regarded as transfer of a glycosyl group from the donor to water. Subclasses include the HEXOSYLTRANSFERASES; PENTOSYLTRANSFERASES; SIALYLTRANSFERASES; and those transferring other glycosyl groups. EC 2.4.

Vaccines or candidate vaccines used to prevent infection with NEISSERIA MENINGITIDIS.

A mushroom, Ganoderma lucidum, of the POLYPORALES order of basidiomycetous fungi. It has long been used in traditional Chinese medicine in various forms.

Polysaccharides consisting of mannose units.

Carbohydrates consisting of between two (DISACCHARIDES) and ten MONOSACCHARIDES connected by either an alpha- or beta-glycosidic link. They are found throughout nature in both the free and bound form.

Proteins found in any species of bacterium.

Multicellular marine macroalgae including some members of red (RHODOPHYTA), green (CHLOROPHYTA), and brown (PHAEOPHYTA) algae. They are widely distributed in the ocean, occurring from the tide level to considerable depths, free-floating (planktonic) or anchored to the substratum (benthic). They lack a specialized vascular system but take up fluids, nutrients, and gases directly from the water. They contain CHLOROPHYLL and are photosynthetic, but some also contain other light-absorbing pigments. Many are of economic importance as FOOD, fertilizer, AGAR, potash, or source of IODINE.

A bacterium which causes mastitis in cattle and occasionally in man.

Term used to designate tetrahydroxy aldehydic acids obtained by oxidation of hexose sugars, i.e. glucuronic acid, galacturonic acid, etc. Historically, the name hexuronic acid was originally given to ascorbic acid.

A mitosporic Tremellales fungal genus whose species usually have a capsule and do not form pseudomycellium. Teleomorphs include Filobasidiella and Fidobasidium.

Infections with bacteria of the species STREPTOCOCCUS PNEUMONIAE.

The major immunoglobulin isotype class in normal human serum. There are several isotype subclasses of IgG, for example, IgG1, IgG2A, and IgG2B.

A sugar acid formed by the oxidation of the C-6 carbon of GLUCOSE. In addition to being a key intermediate metabolite of the uronic acid pathway, glucuronic acid also plays a role in the detoxification of certain drugs and toxins by conjugating with them to form GLUCURONIDES.

A polysaccharide with glucose units linked as in CELLOBIOSE. It is the chief constituent of plant fibers, cotton being the purest natural form of the substance. As a raw material, it forms the basis for many derivatives used in chromatography, ion exchange materials, explosives manufacturing, and pharmaceutical preparations.

Encrustations, formed from microbes (bacteria, algae, fungi, plankton, or protozoa) embedding in extracellular polymers, that adhere to surfaces such as teeth (DENTAL DEPOSITS); PROSTHESES AND IMPLANTS; and catheters. Biofilms are prevented from forming by treating surfaces with DENTIFRICES; DISINFECTANTS; ANTI-INFECTIVE AGENTS; and antifouling agents.

An analytical technique for resolution of a chemical mixture into its component compounds. Compounds are separated on an adsorbent paper (stationary phase) by their varied degree of solubility/mobility in the eluting solvent (mobile phase).

A group of carbon-oxygen lyases. These enzymes catalyze the breakage of a carbon-oxygen bond in polysaccharides leading to an unsaturated product and the elimination of an alcohol. EC 4.2.2.

Technique involving the diffusion of antigen or antibody through a semisolid medium, usually agar or agarose gel, with the result being a precipitin reaction.

A hexose or fermentable monosaccharide and isomer of glucose from manna, the ash Fraxinus ornus and related plants. (From Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed & Random House Unabridged Dictionary, 2d ed)

Serological reactions in which an antiserum against one antigen reacts with a non-identical but closely related antigen.

A division of predominantly marine EUKARYOTA, commonly known as brown algae, having CHROMATOPHORES containing carotenoid PIGMENTS, BIOLOGICAL. ALGINATES and phlorotannins occur widely in all major orders. They are considered the most highly evolved algae because of their well-developed multicellular organization and structural complexity.

Gram-negative bacteria occurring in the lower intestinal tracts of man and other animals. It is the most common species of anaerobic bacteria isolated from human soft tissue infections.

Proteins that bind to particles and cells to increase susceptibility to PHAGOCYTOSIS, especially ANTIBODIES bound to EPITOPES that attach to FC RECEPTORS. COMPLEMENT C3B may also participate.

The study of serum, especially of antigen-antibody reactions in vitro.

Glucose polymers consisting of a backbone of beta(1->3)-linked beta-D-glucopyranosyl units with beta(1->6) linked side chains of various lengths. They are a major component of the CELL WALL of organisms and of soluble DIETARY FIBER.

A species of gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic, rod-shaped bacteria (GRAM-NEGATIVE FACULTATIVELY ANAEROBIC RODS) commonly found in the lower part of the intestine of warm-blooded animals. It is usually nonpathogenic, but some strains are known to produce DIARRHEA and pyogenic infections. Pathogenic strains (virotypes) are classified by their specific pathogenic mechanisms such as toxins (ENTEROTOXIGENIC ESCHERICHIA COLI), etc.

A basic science concerned with the composition, structure, and properties of matter; and the reactions that occur between substances and the associated energy exchange.

The composition, conformation, and properties of atoms and molecules, and their reaction and interaction processes.

Addition of methyl groups. In histo-chemistry methylation is used to esterify carboxyl groups and remove sulfate groups by treating tissue sections with hot methanol in the presence of hydrochloric acid. (From Stedman, 25th ed)

Strains of Neisseria meningitidis responsible for most sporadic cases in teenagers and almost all outbreaks of disease in this age group. These strains are less common in infants.

Hydrofluoric acid. A solution of hydrogen fluoride in water. It is a colorless fuming liquid which can cause painful burns.

A genus of gram-positive, coccoid bacteria whose organisms occur in pairs or chains. No endospores are produced. Many species exist as commensals or parasites on man or animals with some being highly pathogenic. A few species are saprophytes and occur in the natural environment.

Inorganic salts of sulfuric acid.

The engulfing and degradation of microorganisms; other cells that are dead, dying, or pathogenic; and foreign particles by phagocytic cells (PHAGOCYTES).

Salts of alginic acid that are extracted from marine kelp and used to make dental impressions and as absorbent material for surgical dressings.

Any of a group of polysaccharides of the general formula (C6-H10-O5)n, composed of a long-chain polymer of glucose in the form of amylose and amylopectin. It is the chief storage form of energy reserve (carbohydrates) in plants.

The functional hereditary units of BACTERIA.

The fruiting 'heads' or 'caps' of FUNGI, which as a food item are familiarly known as MUSHROOMS, that contain the FUNGAL SPORES.

The natural bactericidal property of BLOOD due to normally occurring antibacterial substances such as beta lysin, leukin, etc. This activity needs to be distinguished from the bactericidal activity contained in a patient's serum as a result of antimicrobial therapy, which is measured by a SERUM BACTERICIDAL TEST.

Oligosaccharides containing two monosaccharide units linked by a glycosidic bond.

Chromatography on non-ionic gels without regard to the mechanism of solute discrimination.

Serum that contains antibodies. It is obtained from an animal that has been immunized either by ANTIGEN injection or infection with microorganisms containing the antigen.

Powdered exudate from various Acacia species, especially A. senegal (Leguminosae). It forms mucilage or syrup in water. Gum arabic is used as a suspending agent, excipient, and emulsifier in foods and pharmaceuticals.

Physicochemical property of fimbriated (FIMBRIAE, BACTERIAL) and non-fimbriated bacteria of attaching to cells, tissue, and nonbiological surfaces. It is a factor in bacterial colonization and pathogenicity.

Mannosides formed by the reaction of the hydroxyl group on the anomeric carbon atom of mannose with methyl alcohol. They include both alpha- and beta-methylmannosides.

The process of cleaving a chemical compound by the addition of a molecule of water.

Substances of fungal origin that have antigenic activity.

Infections with bacteria of the species NEISSERIA MENINGITIDIS.

A mucopolysaccharide constituent of chondrin. (Grant & Hackh's Chemical Dictionary, 5th ed)

Any of the processes by which cytoplasmic or intercellular factors influence the differential control of gene action in bacteria.

Cellular processes in biosynthesis (anabolism) and degradation (catabolism) of CARBOHYDRATES.

An enzyme that catalyzes the oxidation of UDPglucose to UDPglucuronate in the presence of NAD+. EC 1.1.1.22.

A linear polysaccharide of beta-1->4 linked units of ACETYLGLUCOSAMINE. It is the second most abundant biopolymer on earth, found especially in INSECTS and FUNGI. When deacetylated it is called CHITOSAN.

Heteropolysaccharides which contain an N-acetylated hexosamine in a characteristic repeating disaccharide unit. The repeating structure of each disaccharide involves alternate 1,4- and 1,3-linkages consisting of either N-acetylglucosamine or N-acetylgalactosamine.

A highly acidic mucopolysaccharide formed of equal parts of sulfated D-glucosamine and D-glucuronic acid with sulfaminic bridges. The molecular weight ranges from six to twenty thousand. Heparin occurs in and is obtained from liver, lung, mast cells, etc., of vertebrates. Its function is unknown, but it is used to prevent blood clotting in vivo and vitro, in the form of many different salts.

Strains of Neisseria meningitidis responsible for most outbreaks of meningococcal disease in Western Europe and the United States in the first half of the 20th century. They continue to be a major cause of disease in Asia and Africa, and especially localized epidemics in Sub-Sahara Africa.

Sites on an antigen that interact with specific antibodies.

An immunoassay utilizing an antibody labeled with an enzyme marker such as horseradish peroxidase. While either the enzyme or the antibody is bound to an immunosorbent substrate, they both retain their biologic activity; the change in enzyme activity as a result of the enzyme-antibody-antigen reaction is proportional to the concentration of the antigen and can be measured spectrophotometrically or with the naked eye. Many variations of the method have been developed.

The degree of pathogenicity within a group or species of microorganisms or viruses as indicated by case fatality rates and/or the ability of the organism to invade the tissues of the host. The pathogenic capacity of an organism is determined by its VIRULENCE FACTORS.

The N-acetyl derivative of glucosamine.

Administration of vaccines to stimulate the host's immune response. This includes any preparation intended for active immunological prophylaxis.

A group of glucose polymers made by certain bacteria. Dextrans are used therapeutically as plasma volume expanders and anticoagulants. They are also commonly used in biological experimentation and in industry for a wide variety of purposes.

The sum of the weight of all the atoms in a molecule.

A fulminant infection of the meninges and subarachnoid fluid by the bacterium NEISSERIA MENINGITIDIS, producing diffuse inflammation and peri-meningeal venous thromboses. Clinical manifestations include FEVER, nuchal rigidity, SEIZURES, severe HEADACHE, petechial rash, stupor, focal neurologic deficits, HYDROCEPHALUS, and COMA. The organism is usually transmitted via nasopharyngeal secretions and is a leading cause of meningitis in children and young adults. Organisms from Neisseria meningitidis serogroups A, B, C, Y, and W-135 have been reported to cause meningitis. (From Adams et al., Principles of Neurology, 6th ed, pp689-701; Curr Opin Pediatr 1998 Feb;10(1):13-8)

A technique that combines protein electrophoresis and double immunodiffusion. In this procedure proteins are first separated by gel electrophoresis (usually agarose), then made visible by immunodiffusion of specific antibodies. A distinct elliptical precipitin arc results for each protein detectable by the antisera.

A class of immunoglobulin bearing mu chains (IMMUNOGLOBULIN MU-CHAINS). IgM can fix COMPLEMENT. The name comes from its high molecular weight and originally being called a macroglobulin.

A phylum of fungi that produce their sexual spores (basidiospores) on the outside of the basidium. It includes forms commonly known as mushrooms, boletes, puffballs, earthstars, stinkhorns, bird's-nest fungi, jelly fungi, bracket or shelf fungi, and rust and smut fungi.

The rotation of linearly polarized light as it passes through various media.

A plant species of the family APIACEAE that is the source of dong quai.

Immunoglobulins produced in a response to FUNGAL ANTIGENS.

Electrophoresis in which paper is used as the diffusion medium. This technique is confined almost entirely to separations of small molecules such as amino acids, peptides, and nucleotides, and relatively high voltages are nearly always used.

Fractionation of a vaporized sample as a consequence of partition between a mobile gaseous phase and a stationary phase held in a column. Two types are gas-solid chromatography, where the fixed phase is a solid, and gas-liquid, in which the stationary phase is a nonvolatile liquid supported on an inert solid matrix.

Deacetylated CHITIN, a linear polysaccharide of deacetylated beta-1,4-D-glucosamine. It is used in HYDROGEL and to treat WOUNDS.

One of the largest genera of BROWN ALGAE, comprised of more than 150 species found in tropical, subtropical, and temperate zones of both hemispheres. Some species are attached (benthic) but most float in the open sea (pelagic). Sargassum provides a critical habitat for hundreds of species of FISHES; TURTLES; and INVERTEBRATES.

The property of antibodies which enables them to react with some ANTIGENIC DETERMINANTS and not with others. Specificity is dependent on chemical composition, physical forces, and molecular structure at the binding site.

A sulfated pentosyl polysaccharide with heparin-like properties.

A serotype of SALMONELLA ENTERICA which is the etiologic agent of TYPHOID FEVER.

Inorganic and organic derivatives of sulfuric acid (H2SO4). The salts and esters of sulfuric acid are known as SULFATES and SULFURIC ACID ESTERS respectively.

Infection with a fungus of the species CRYPTOCOCCUS NEOFORMANS.

The species Oryctolagus cuniculus, in the family Leporidae, order LAGOMORPHA. Rabbits are born in burrows, furless, and with eyes and ears closed. In contrast with HARES, rabbits have 22 chromosome pairs.

Deliberate stimulation of the host's immune response. ACTIVE IMMUNIZATION involves administration of ANTIGENS or IMMUNOLOGIC ADJUVANTS. PASSIVE IMMUNIZATION involves administration of IMMUNE SERA or LYMPHOCYTES or their extracts (e.g., transfer factor, immune RNA) or transplantation of immunocompetent cell producing tissue (thymus or bone marrow).

A set of genes descended by duplication and variation from some ancestral gene. Such genes may be clustered together on the same chromosome or dispersed on different chromosomes. Examples of multigene families include those that encode the hemoglobins, immunoglobulins, histocompatibility antigens, actins, tubulins, keratins, collagens, heat shock proteins, salivary glue proteins, chorion proteins, cuticle proteins, yolk proteins, and phaseolins, as well as histones, ribosomal RNA, and transfer RNA genes. The latter three are examples of reiterated genes, where hundreds of identical genes are present in a tandem array. (King & Stanfield, A Dictionary of Genetics, 4th ed)

A polysaccharide-producing species of STREPTOCOCCUS isolated from human dental plaque.

Gram-negative, non-motile, capsulated, gas-producing rods found widely in nature and associated with urinary and respiratory infections in humans.

A plant genus in the family FABACEAE, subfamily Papilionaceae, order Fabales, subclass Rosidae. Many of the species are associated with poisoning of grazing animals. Some of the species are used medicinally.

A nucleoside diphosphate sugar which serves as a source of glucuronic acid for polysaccharide biosynthesis. It may also be epimerized to UDP iduronic acid, which donates iduronic acid to polysaccharides. In animals, UDP glucuronic acid is used for formation of many glucosiduronides with various aglycones.

Derivatives of GLUCURONIC ACID. Included under this heading are a broad variety of acid forms, salts, esters, and amides that include the 6-carboxy glucose structure.

A genus of gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic, rod-shaped bacteria whose organisms arrange singly, in pairs, or short chains. This genus is commonly found in the intestinal tract and is an opportunistic pathogen that can give rise to bacteremia, pneumonia, urinary tract and several other types of human infection.

Any detectable and heritable change in the genetic material that causes a change in the GENOTYPE and which is transmitted to daughter cells and to succeeding generations.

Vaccines or candidate vaccines containing antigenic polysaccharides from Haemophilus influenzae and designed to prevent infection. The vaccine can contain the polysaccharides alone or more frequently polysaccharides conjugated to carrier molecules. It is also seen as a combined vaccine with diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis vaccine.

Vaccines used to prevent TYPHOID FEVER and/or PARATYPHOID FEVER which are caused by various species of SALMONELLA. Attenuated, subunit, and inactivated forms of the vaccines exist.

A species of gram-negative, aerobic, rod-shaped bacteria commonly isolated from clinical specimens (wound, burn, and urinary tract infections). It is also found widely distributed in soil and water. P. aeruginosa is a major agent of nosocomial infection.

A highly branched glucan in starch.

Concentrated pharmaceutical preparations of plants obtained by removing active constituents with a suitable solvent, which is evaporated away, and adjusting the residue to a prescribed standard.

Enzymes that catalyze the transfer of glucose from a nucleoside diphosphate glucose to an acceptor molecule which is frequently another carbohydrate. EC 2.4.1.-.

The restriction of a characteristic behavior, anatomical structure or physical system, such as immune response; metabolic response, or gene or gene variant to the members of one species. It refers to that property which differentiates one species from another but it is also used for phylogenetic levels higher or lower than the species.

The order of amino acids as they occur in a polypeptide chain. This is referred to as the primary structure of proteins. It is of fundamental importance in determining PROTEIN CONFORMATION.

The clumping together of suspended material resulting from the action of AGGLUTININS.

A plant genus of the family SOLANACEAE. Members contain CEREBROSIDES and SCOPOLETIN.

A heteropolysaccharide that is similar in structure to HEPARIN. It accumulates in individuals with MUCOPOLYSACCHARIDOSIS.

A genus of gram-negative, aerobic, rod-shaped bacteria that activate PLANT ROOT NODULATION in leguminous plants. Members of this genus are nitrogen-fixing and common soil inhabitants.

A mass spectrometric technique that is used for the analysis of a wide range of biomolecules, such as glycoalkaloids, glycoproteins, polysaccharides, and peptides. Positive and negative fast atom bombardment spectra are recorded on a mass spectrometer fitted with an atom gun with xenon as the customary beam. The mass spectra obtained contain molecular weight recognition as well as sequence information.

Deoxyribonucleic acid that makes up the genetic material of bacteria.

SUGARS containing an amino group. GLYCOSYLATION of other compounds with these amino sugars results in AMINOGLYCOSIDES.

The formaldehyde-inactivated toxin of Corynebacterium diphtheriae. It is generally used in mixtures with TETANUS TOXOID and PERTUSSIS VACCINE; (DTP); or with tetanus toxoid alone (DT for pediatric use and Td, which contains 5- to 10-fold less diphtheria toxoid, for other use). Diphtheria toxoid is used for the prevention of diphtheria; DIPHTHERIA ANTITOXIN is for treatment.

Enzymes that catalyze the epimerization of chiral centers within carbohydrates or their derivatives. EC 5.1.3.

A primary source of energy for living organisms. It is naturally occurring and is found in fruits and other parts of plants in its free state. It is used therapeutically in fluid and nutrient replacement.

The production of ANTIBODIES by proliferating and differentiated B-LYMPHOCYTES under stimulation by ANTIGENS.

A group of naturally occurring N-and O-acyl derivatives of the deoxyamino sugar neuraminic acid. They are ubiquitously distributed in many tissues.

A class of Echinodermata characterized by long, slender bodies.

Multicellular, eukaryotic life forms of kingdom Plantae (sensu lato), comprising the VIRIDIPLANTAE; RHODOPHYTA; and GLAUCOPHYTA; all of which acquired chloroplasts by direct endosymbiosis of CYANOBACTERIA. They are characterized by a mainly photosynthetic mode of nutrition; essentially unlimited growth at localized regions of cell divisions (MERISTEMS); cellulose within cells providing rigidity; the absence of organs of locomotion; absence of nervous and sensory systems; and an alternation of haploid and diploid generations.

Carbohydrates covalently linked to a nonsugar moiety (lipids or proteins). The major glycoconjugates are glycoproteins, glycopeptides, peptidoglycans, glycolipids, and lipopolysaccharides. (From Biochemical Nomenclature and Related Documents, 2d ed; From Principles of Biochemistry, 2d ed)

A febrile disease caused by STREPTOCOCCUS PNEUMONIAE.

Separation technique in which the stationary phase consists of ion exchange resins. The resins contain loosely held small ions that easily exchange places with other small ions of like charge present in solutions washed over the resins.

A species of STAPHYLOCOCCUS that is a spherical, non-motile, gram-positive, chemoorganotrophic, facultative anaerobe. Mainly found on the skin and mucous membrane of warm-blooded animals, it can be primary pathogen or secondary invader.

Any compound that contains a constituent sugar, in which the hydroxyl group attached to the first carbon is substituted by an alcoholic, phenolic, or other group. They are named specifically for the sugar contained, such as glucoside (glucose), pentoside (pentose), fructoside (fructose), etc. Upon hydrolysis, a sugar and nonsugar component (aglycone) are formed. (From Dorland, 28th ed; From Miall's Dictionary of Chemistry, 5th ed)

A basidiomycetous fungal genus of the family Agaricaceae, order Agaricales, which includes the field mushroom (A. campestris) and the commercial mushroom (A. bisporus).

A natural high-viscosity mucopolysaccharide with alternating beta (1-3) glucuronide and beta (1-4) glucosaminidic bonds. It is found in the UMBILICAL CORD, in VITREOUS BODY and in SYNOVIAL FLUID. A high urinary level is found in PROGERIA.

A family of bracket fungi, order POLYPORALES, living in decaying plant matter and timber.

A genus of fungi in the family Ganodermataceae, order POLYPORALES, containing a dimitic hyphal system. It causes a white rot, and is a wood decomposer. Ganoderma lucidum (REISHI) is used in traditional Chinese medicine (MEDICINE, CHINESE TRADITIONAL).

Chinese herbal or plant extracts which are used as drugs to treat diseases or promote general well-being. The concept does not include synthesized compounds manufactured in China.

Lipid A is the biologically active component of lipopolysaccharides. It shows strong endotoxic activity and exhibits immunogenic properties.

A species of gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic, rod-shaped bacteria that occurs in soil, fecal matter, and sewage. It is an opportunistic pathogen and causes cystitis and pyelonephritis.

Antibodies produced by a single clone of cells.

A class of carbohydrates that contains five carbon atoms.

Any liquid or solid preparation made specifically for the growth, storage, or transport of microorganisms or other types of cells. The variety of media that exist allow for the culturing of specific microorganisms and cell types, such as differential media, selective media, test media, and defined media. Solid media consist of liquid media that have been solidified with an agent such as AGAR or GELATIN.

A plant genus of the family APIACEAE that is the source of bupleurum root and of bupleurotoxin and is an ingredient of sho-saiko-to.

Sensitive tests to measure certain antigens, antibodies, or viruses, using their ability to agglutinate certain erythrocytes. (From Stedman, 26th ed)

An extensive order of basidiomycetous fungi whose fruiting bodies are commonly called mushrooms.

A species of HAEMOPHILUS found on the mucous membranes of humans and a variety of animals. The species is further divided into biotypes I through VIII.

A genus of BROWN ALGAE in the family Laminariaceae. Dried pencil-like pieces may be inserted in the cervix where they swell as they absorb moisture, serving as osmotic dilators.

The normality of a solution with respect to HYDROGEN ions; H+. It is related to acidity measurements in most cases by pH = log 1/2[1/(H+)], where (H+) is the hydrogen ion concentration in gram equivalents per liter of solution. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 6th ed)

The location of the atoms, groups or ions relative to one another in a molecule, as well as the number, type and location of covalent bonds.

Mutagenesis where the mutation is caused by the introduction of foreign DNA sequences into a gene or extragenic sequence. This may occur spontaneously in vivo or be experimentally induced in vivo or in vitro. Proviral DNA insertions into or adjacent to a cellular proto-oncogene can interrupt GENETIC TRANSLATION of the coding sequences or interfere with recognition of regulatory elements and cause unregulated expression of the proto-oncogene resulting in tumor formation.

Strains of Neisseria meningitidis found mostly in Africa.

The formation of a solid in a solution as a result of a chemical reaction or the aggregation of soluble substances into complexes large enough to fall out of solution.

Polysaccharides composed of D-fructose units.

Derivatives of chondroitin which have a sulfate moiety esterified to the galactosamine moiety of chondroitin. Chondroitin sulfate A, or chondroitin 4-sulfate, and chondroitin sulfate C, or chondroitin 6-sulfate, have the sulfate esterified in the 4- and 6-positions, respectively. Chondroitin sulfate B (beta heparin; DERMATAN SULFATE) is a misnomer and this compound is not a true chondroitin sulfate.

A microanalytical technique combining mass spectrometry and gas chromatography for the qualitative as well as quantitative determinations of compounds.

Techniques used to separate mixtures of substances based on differences in the relative affinities of the substances for mobile and stationary phases. A mobile phase (fluid or gas) passes through a column containing a stationary phase of porous solid or liquid coated on a solid support. Usage is both analytical for small amounts and preparative for bulk amounts.

Plants of the division Rhodophyta, commonly known as red algae, in which the red pigment (PHYCOERYTHRIN) predominates. However, if this pigment is destroyed, the algae can appear purple, brown, green, or yellow. Two important substances found in the cell walls of red algae are AGAR and CARRAGEENAN. Some rhodophyta are notable SEAWEED (macroalgae).

A key intermediate in carbohydrate metabolism. Serves as a precursor of glycogen, can be metabolized into UDPgalactose and UDPglucuronic acid which can then be incorporated into polysaccharides as galactose and glucuronic acid. Also serves as a precursor of sucrose lipopolysaccharides, and glycosphingolipids.

The resistance that a gaseous or liquid system offers to flow when it is subjected to shear stress. (From McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 6th ed)

A plant genus of the family FABACEAE known for its sour fruit.

A necessary enzyme in the metabolism of galactose. It reversibly catalyzes the conversion of UDPglucose to UDPgalactose. NAD+ is an essential component for enzymatic activity. EC 5.1.3.2.

Vaccines or candidate vaccines used to prevent STREPTOCOCCAL INFECTIONS.

A genus of gram-negative, rod-shaped enterobacteria that can use citrate as the sole source of carbon.

Mushrooms in the order AGARICALES containing B vitamins, cortinelin, and the polysaccharide LENTINAN.

A genus of aerobic, gram-negative, motile, slightly curved, rod-shaped bacteria. (From Bergey's Manual of Determinative Bacteriology, 9th ed)

Separation of a mixture in successive stages, each stage removing from the mixture some proportion of one of the substances, for example by differential solubility in water-solvent mixtures. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms, 4th ed)

The aggregation of ERYTHROCYTES by AGGLUTININS, including antibodies, lectins, and viral proteins (HEMAGGLUTINATION, VIRAL).

A species of gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic, rod-shaped bacteria that is extremely pathogenic and causes severe dysentery. Infection with this organism often leads to ulceration of the intestinal epithelium.

A test used to determine whether or not complementation (compensation in the form of dominance) will occur in a cell with a given mutant phenotype when another mutant genome, encoding the same mutant phenotype, is introduced into that cell.

Methodologies used for the isolation, identification, detection, and quantitation of chemical substances.

Nitrous acid (HNO2). A weak acid that exists only in solution. It can form water-soluble nitrites and stable esters. (From Merck Index, 11th ed)

Compounds consisting of glucosamine and lactate joined by an ether linkage. They occur naturally as N-acetyl derivatives in peptidoglycan, the characteristic polysaccharide composing bacterial cell walls. (From Dorland, 28th ed)

An unbranched glucan in starch.

An endocellulase with specificity for the hydrolysis of 1,4-beta-glucosidic linkages in CELLULOSE, lichenin, and cereal beta-glucans.

The relationship between two different species of organisms that are interdependent; each gains benefits from the other or a relationship between different species where both of the organisms in question benefit from the presence of the other.

Interaction of inflammatory cells and oral microorganisms. II. Modulation of rabbit polymorphonuclear leukocyte hydrolase release by polysaccharides in response to Streptococcus mutans and Streptococcus sanguis. (1/6727)

The release of lysosomal hydrolases from polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) has been postulated in the pathogenesis of tissue injury in periodontal disease. In the present study, lysosomal enzyme release was monitored from rabbit peritoneal exudate PMNs exposed to Streptocccus mutans or Streptococcus sanguis. S. mutans grown in brain heart infusion (BHI) broth failed to promote significant PMN enzyme release. S. sanguis grown in BHI broth, although more effective than S. mutants, was a weak stimulus for promotion of PMN hydrolase release. Preincubation of washed, viable S. mutans in sucrose or in different-molecular-weight dextrans resulted in the ability of the organisms to provoke PMN release reactions. This effect could bot be demonstrated with boiled or trypsinized S. mutans or with viable S. sanguis. However, when grown in BHI broth supplemented with sucrose, but not with glucose, both S. mutans and S. sanguis triggered discharge of PMN enzymes. The mechanism(s) whereby dextran or sucrose modulates PMN-bacterial interaction may in some manner be related to promotion of microbial adhesiveness or aggregation by dextran and by bacterial synthesis of glucans from sucrose. (+info)

Crystal structures of two H-2Db/glycopeptide complexes suggest a molecular basis for CTL cross-reactivity. (2/6727)

Two synthetic O-GlcNAc-bearing peptides that elicit H-2Db-restricted glycopeptide-specific cytotoxic T cells (CTL) have been shown to display nonreciprocal patterns of cross-reactivity. Here, we present the crystal structures of the H-2Db glycopeptide complexes to 2.85 A resolution or better. In both cases, the glycan is solvent exposed and available for direct recognition by the T cell receptor (TCR). We have modeled the complex formed between the MHC-glycopeptide complexes and their respective TCRs, showing that a single saccharide residue can be accommodated in the standard TCR-MHC geometry. The models also reveal a possible molecular basis for the observed cross-reactivity patterns of the CTL clones, which appear to be influenced by the length of the CDR3 loop and the nature of the immunizing ligand. (+info)

Binding partners for the myelin-associated glycoprotein of N2A neuroblastoma cells. (3/6727)

The myelin-associated glycoprotein (MAG) has been proposed to be important for the integrity of myelinated axons. For a better understanding of the interactions involved in the binding of MAG to neuronal axons, we performed this study to identify the binding partners for MAG on neuronal cells. Experiments with glycosylation inhibitors revealed that sialylated N-glycans of glycoproteins represent the major binding sites for MAG on the neuroblastoma cell line N2A. From extracts of [3H]glucosamine-labelled N2A cells several glycoproteins with molecular weights between 20 and 230 kDa were affinity-precipitated using immobilised MAG. The interactions of these proteins with MAG were sialic acid-dependent and specific for MAG. (+info)

Identification and characterization of genes required for hyphal morphogenesis in the filamentous fungus Aspergillus nidulans. (4/6727)

In the filamentous fungus Aspergillus nidulans, germination of an asexual conidiospore results in the formation of a hyphal cell. A key feature of spore germination is the switch from isotropic spore expansion to polarized apical growth. Here, temperature-sensitive mutations are used to characterize the roles of five genes (sepA, hypA, podB-podD) in the establishment and maintenance of hyphal polarity. Evidence that suggests that the hypA, podB, and sepA genes are required for multiple aspects of hyphal morphogenesis is presented. Notably, podB and sepA are needed for organization of the cytoskeleton at sites of polarized growth. In contrast, podC and podD encode proteins that appear to be specifically required for the establishment of hyphal polarity during spore germination. The role of sepA and the pod genes in controlling the spatial pattern of polarized morphogenesis in germinating spores is also described. Results obtained from these experiments indicate that the normal pattern of germ-tube emergence is dependent upon the integrity of the actin cytoskeleton. (+info)

Origins of globular structure in proteins. (5/6727)

Thermodynamic incompatibility of polymers in a common solvent is possibly a driving force for formation and evolution of globular protein structures. Folding of polypeptide chains leads to a decrease in both excluded volume of molecules and chemical differences between surfaces of globular molecules with chemical information hidden in the hydrophobic interior. Folding of polypeptide chains results in 'molecular or thermodynamic mimicry' of globular proteins and in at least more than 10-fold higher phase separation threshold values of mixed protein solutions compared to those of classical polymers. Unusually high co-solubility might be necessary for efficient biological functioning of proteins, e.g. enzymes, enzyme inhibitors, etc. (+info)

Phagocytosis stimulates alternative glycosylation of macrosialin (mouse CD68), a macrophage-specific endosomal protein. (6/6727)

Macrosialin (mouse CD68), a macrophage-specific member of the lysosomal-associated membrane protein family, displays N-linked glycosylation and a heavily sialylated, mucin-like domain. We show that phagocytosis of zymosan by inflammatory peritoneal macrophages potently alters glycan processing of macrosialin in vitro. The phagocytic glycoform is not induced by other forms of endocytosis and depends on particle internalization. Zymosan uptake does not influence macrosialin protein synthesis, but increases the specific incorporation of D-[2-3H]mannose, D-[6-3H]galactose, N-acetyl-D-[1-3H]glucosamine and L-[5,6-3H]fucose by 2-15-fold. The phagocytic glycoform displays increased binding of agglutinins from peanut, Amaranthus caudatus and Galanthus nivalis, whereas binding of the sialic-acid-specific Maakia amurensis agglutinin is slightly reduced. Digestion by N-Glycanase abolishes the incorporation of [3H]mannose label and Galanthus nivalis agglutinin binding activity, but preserves the incorporation of galactose and N-acetylglucosamine and specific lectin binding. We also show that phagocytosis increases the complexity and length of O-linked chains. The data presented highlight the importance of differential glycosylation in the biology of macrosialin, phagosomes and macrophages in general. (+info)

Structures of N-linked oligosaccharides of glycoproteins from tobacco BY2 suspension cultured cells. (7/6727)

The structures of N-linked sugar chains of glycoproteins expressed in tobacco BY2 cultured cells are reported. Five pyridylaminated (PA-) N-linked sugar chains were derived and purified from hydrazinolysates of the glycoproteins by reversed-phase HPLC and size-fractionation HPLC. The structures of the PA-sugar chains purified were identified by two-dimensional PA-sugar chain mapping, ion-spray MS/MS analysis, and exoglycosidase digestions. The five structures fell into two categories; the major class (92.5% as molar ratio) was a xylose containing-type (Man3Fuc1 Xyl1GlcNAc2 (41.0%), GlcNAc2Man3Fuc1Xyl1GlcNAc2 (26.5%), GlcNAc1Man3Fuc1Xyl1GlcNAc2 (21.7%), Man3 Xyl1GlcNAc2 (3.3%)), and the minor class was a high-mannose type (Man5GlcNAc2 (7.5%)). This is the first report to show that alpha(1-->3) fucosylation of N-glycans does occur but beta(1-->4) galactosylation of the sugar chains does not in the tobacco cultured cells. (+info)

Trimming and readdition of glucose to N-linked oligosaccharides determines calnexin association of a substrate glycoprotein in living cells. (8/6727)

To analyze the role of glucose trimming and reglucosylation in the binding of substrate proteins to calnexin in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) of living cells, we made use of the thermosensitive vesicular stomatitis virus tsO45 glycoprotein (G protein). At nonpermissive temperature the G protein failed to fold completely and remained bound to calnexin. When the cells were shifted to permissive temperature, complete folding occurred accompanied by glucosidase-mediated elimination of calnexin-G protein complexes. If release from calnexin was blocked during the temperature shift by inhibiting the glucosidases, folding occurred, albeit at a reduced rate. In contrast, when unfolded by a shift from permissive to nonpermissive temperature, the G protein was reglucosylated rapidly and became capable of rebinding to calnexin. The rate at which calnexin binding occurred showed a 20-min delay that was explained by accumulation of the G protein in calnexin-free exit sites of the ER. These contained the glucosyltransferase responsible for reglucosylation of misfolded glycoproteins but had little or no calnexin. After unfolding and reglucosylation, the G proteins moved slowly from these structures back to the ER where they reassociated with the chaperone. Taken together, these results in live cells fully supported the lectin-only model of calnexin function. The ER exit sites emerged as a potentially important location for components of the quality control system. (+info)

Polysaccharides can be a straight chain of monosaccharides known as linear polysaccharides, or it can be branched known as a ... Polysaccharides containing sulfate groups can be isolated from algae or obtained by chemical modification. Polysaccharides are ... Examples include storage polysaccharides such as starch, glycogen and galactogen and structural polysaccharides such as ... Acidic polysaccharides are polysaccharides that contain carboxyl groups, phosphate groups and/or sulfuric ester groups. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polysaccharide

... (Krestin, PSK) is a protein-bound polysaccharide isolated from the fruitbody of Trametes versicolor. PSK has ... Trametes versicolor and Polysaccharide-K information from Drugs.com. (CS1: long volume value, All articles lacking reliable ... American Cancer Society's page for Trametes versicolor and Polysaccharide-K. Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center's page for ... Kobayashi H, Matsunaga K, Oguchi Y (1995). "Antimetastatic effects of PSK (Krestin), a protein-bound polysaccharide obtained ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polysaccharide-K

"Montana Polysaccharides Corp". www.polysaccharides.us. Retrieved 2019-05-15. Bello, Fabio Dal; Walter, Jens; Hertel, Christian ... Öner, Ebru Toksoy; Hernández, Lázaro; Combie, Joan (September 2016). "Review of Levan polysaccharide: From a century of past ... "Concentration regimes of solutions of levan polysaccharide from Bacillus sp". Carbohydrate Polymers. 65 (2): 144-149. doi: ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Levan_polysaccharide

Polysaccharide-K Ng TB (1998). "A review of research on the protein-bound polysaccharide (polysaccharopeptide, PSP) from the ... Polysaccharide peptide (PSP) is a protein-bound polysaccharide extracted from the edible mushroom Coriolus versicolor. PSP is ... Polysaccharide Krestin (PSK) was first isolated in Japan in the late 1960s while PSP was isolated about 1983 in China. Each ... v t e v t e (Organic polymers, Polysaccharides, Oncology, Medicinal fungi, All stub articles, Antineoplastic and ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polysaccharide_peptide

In enzymology, a polysaccharide O-methyltransferase (EC 2.1.1.18) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction S-adenosyl- ... Properties of the polysaccharide methyltransferase". J. Biol. Chem. 245 (16): 4213-23. PMID 5503262. Portal: Biology v t e (EC ... Other names in common use include polysaccharide methyltransferase, and acylpolysacharide 6-methyltransferase. Ferguson JA, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polysaccharide_O-methyltransferase

Zhou, Yang; Petrova, Stella P.; Edgar, Kevin J. (2021-11-15). "Chemical synthesis of polysaccharide-protein and polysaccharide- ... and click chemistry are common methods to synthesize polysaccharide-protein conjugates. Polysaccharide-protein conjugates are ... Polysaccharide-protein conjugates may have better solubility and stability, reduced immunogenicity, prolonged circulation time ... v t e (Articles with short description, Short description matches Wikidata, Protein complexes, Polysaccharides, All stub ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polysaccharide–protein_conjugate

The pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine is widely used in high-risk adults. As a result, there have been important reductions ... Pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (PPSV)-known as Pneumovax 23 (PPV-23)-is the first pneumococcal vaccine derived from a ... Its development is an important landmark in medical history[according to whom?]. The polysaccharide antigens were used to ... World Health Organization (2008). "23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine : WHO position paper". Wkly. Epidemiol. Rec. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pneumococcal_polysaccharide_vaccine

The Vi capsular polysaccharide vaccine (or ViCPS) is a typhoid vaccine recommended by the World Health Organization for the ... The Vi polysaccharide, or Vi antigen, is part of the bacterial capsule found outside of the typhoid bacterium, Salmonella ... Hu, X; Chen, Z; Xiong, K; Wang, J; Rao, X; Cong, Y (August 2017). "Vi capsular polysaccharide: Synthesis, virulence, and ... The vaccine was first licensed in the US in 1994 and is made from the purified Vi capsular polysaccharide from the Ty2 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vi_capsular_polysaccharide_vaccine

The extracellular polysaccharide colanic acid is produced by species of the family Enterobacteriaceae. In Escherichia coli ... The colanic acid gene clusters may be involved in the export of polysaccharide from the cell. Stevenson G, Andrianopoulos K, ... "Organization of the Escherichia coli K-12 gene cluster responsible for production of the extracellular polysaccharide colanic ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Outer_membrane_polysaccharide_transporter

... and capsular polysaccharide, whereas its 3 products are ADP, phosphate, and capsular polysaccharide. This enzyme belongs to the ... In enzymology, a capsular-polysaccharide-transporting ATPase (EC 7.6.2.2) is an enzyme that catalyzes the chemical reaction ATP ... The systematic name of this enzyme class is ATP phosphohydrolase (capsular-polysaccharide-exporting). Fath MJ, Kolter R (1993 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capsular-polysaccharide-transporting_ATPase

... (EPSM, PSSM, EPSSM) is a hereditary glycogen storage disease of horses that causes ... Glycogen is a molecular polymer of glucose (a polysaccharide) used to store energy, and is important for maintaining glucose ... There are currently 2 subcategories of glycogen storage diseases in horses: Type 1 polysaccharide storage myopathy, glycogen ... abnormal polysaccharide accumulation may take up to 3 years to develop. Horses with PSSM have elevated levels of muscle ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Equine_polysaccharide_storage_myopathy

... (EC 3.2.1.87, polysaccharide depolymerase, capsular polysaccharide ... Capsular-polysaccharide+endo-1,3-alpha-galactosidase at the US National Library of Medicine Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) ... Yurewicz EC, Ghalambor MA, Heath EC (September 1971). "The structure of Aerobacter aerogenes capsular polysaccharide". The ... alpha-D-galactosidic linkages in Aerobacter aerogenes capsular polysaccharide Hydrolyses the galactosyl-alpha-1,3-D-galactose ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capsular-polysaccharide_endo-1,3-alpha-galactosidase

October 2005). "Chemical characteristics of a polysaccharide from Porphyra capensis (Rhodophyta)". Carbohydr. Res. 340 (15): ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Porphyran

These polysaccharides come from the Golgi apparatus and plant cell wall, which are rich in plant-specific polysaccharides. ... Root mucilage is made of plant-specific polysaccharides or long chains of sugar molecules. This polysaccharide secretion of ... These ruptured or lysed cells release their component parts, which include the polysaccharides that form root mucilage. ... The root mucilage is hydrolysed using acid to break down the polysaccharides into their monosaccharide components. The ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Root_mucilage

... (MLG), sometimes incorrectly referred to as beta-glucan, is a hemicellulosic polysaccharide consisting of ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mixed-linkage_glucan

... (TEPs) are extracellular acidic polysaccharides produced by phytoplankton and bacteria in ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transparent_exopolymer_particles

Bioactivity and Applications of Polysaccharides from Marine Microalgae. Polysaccharides. Springer International Publishing. pp ... The toxins released by dinoflagellates commonly include sulfated polysaccharides. One common toxin, saxitoxin, blocks sodium ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dinotoxin

The reason it needs to be a fluid is so you can pump the polysaccharides into the reservoir, but then the polysaccharide needs ... Polyglucan is any polysaccharide that contains glucan units. Specifically, polyglucan's are a structural polysaccharide. The ... The polysaccharide is attached to the bacteria cells and then mixed in an alkali solution such as sodium hydroxide to become ... Bacteria produce this polysaccharide in a cluster near the bacteria's cells. Polyglucan's are a source of beta-glucans. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polyglucan

Rees, D. A. (1972). "Shapely polysaccharides. The eighth Colworth medal lecture". The Biochemical Journal. 126 (2): 257-73. doi ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colworth_Medal

Gunter, E.A. (2004). "Isolation of Polysaccharides from the Callus Culture of Lemna minor L.". Applied Biochemistry and ... According to the Complex Carbohydrate Research Center, "[t]he backbone of these polysaccharides is resistant to fragmentation ... Khasina, E.I. (2003). "Gastroprotective effect of lemnan, a pectic polysaccharide from Lemna minor L". Doklady Biological ... by microbial EPGs." Lemnan belongs to rare apiogalacturonic pectic polysaccharides, along with zosteran from Zostera marina. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apiogalacturonan

Sulfated Polysaccharides. Gama, Miguel,, Nader, Helena Bonciani,, Rocha, Hugo Alexandre de Oliveira. New York [New York]. 2015 ... CNPq 2015 Sulfated Polysaccharides (Biochemistry and Molecular Biology in the Post Genomic Era) "Interview with Helena Nader, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helena_Nader

2014). A polysaccharide virulence factor from Aspergillus fumigatus elicits anti-inflammatory effects through induction of ... Similar to other fungal cell wall polysaccharides, galactosaminogalactan is synthesized by polymerization of nucleotide sugars ... 2011). Galactosaminogalactan, a new immunosuppressive polysaccharide of Aspergillus fumigatus. In PLoS Pathog, pp. e1002372 ... A Polysaccharide Virulence Factor of a Human Fungal Pathogen Induces Neutrophil Apoptosis via NK Cells. Journal of Immunology. ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galactosaminogalactan

"Hemicellulosic Polysaccharides". uga.edu. University of Georgia. Retrieved April 1, 2020. McCartney, L; et al. (2005). " ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arabinoxylan

Dea, Ian C M (1989). "Industrial polysaccharides" (PDF). Pure and Applied Chemistry. 61 (7): 1315-1322. doi:10.1351/ ... Polysaccharides, Natural gums, All stub articles, Organic chemistry stubs). ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Welan_gum

... is not a technical name referring to a single polysaccharide, but a mix of algae extracts claimed to have anti- ... The acid, an heterogeneous mix of polysaccharides, will vary in composition depending on the growth conditions of the mixed ... SUSTAINABLE SKIN PROTECTIVE EXO-POLYSACCHARIDES FROM MARINE MICRO-ALGAE''. 2008 T. Tannin-Spitz et al., J. Appl. Phycol., V17, ... Alguronic acid is the tradename created for an undetermined mix of polysaccharides produced by microalgae clogging filters in ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alguronic_acid

... is a water-soluble anionic polysaccharide produced by the bacterium Sphingomonas elodea (formerly Pseudomonas elodea ... Agar-like polysaccharide produced by a Pseudomonas species: Production and basic properties. Applied & Environmental ... Polysaccharides, Microbiological gelling agent, Natural gums, Edible thickening agents, Sphingomonas, E-number additives). ... "Industrial polysaccharides" (PDF). Pure and Applied Chemistry. 61 (7): 1315-1322. doi:10.1351/pac198961071315. S2CID 195819313 ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gellan_gum

N. K. Mathur (19 April 2016). Industrial Galactomannan Polysaccharides. CRC Press. pp. 142-143. ISBN 978-1-4398-4629-2. " ... polysaccharide, primarily galactomannan with a mannose:galactose ratio of 5:1, resulting in a high molecular mass of 200,000- ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cassia_gum

Polysaccharides, Starch, Macrocycles). ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cycloamylose

Ukai S, Kiho T, Hara C, Morita M, Goto A, Imaizumi N, Hasegawa Y (1983). "Polysaccharides in fungi. XIII. Anti-tumor activity ... Ukai S, Hara C, Kiho T (1982). "Polysaccharides in fungi. IX. a β-D-glucan from alkaline extract of Dictyophora indusiata Fisch ... The fruit bodies of the fungus contain biologically active polysaccharides. A β-D-glucan called T-5-N and prepared from ... Ukai S, Hara C, Kiho T, Hirose K (1980). "Polysaccharides in fungi V. Isolation and characterization of a mannan from aqueous ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phallus_indusiatus

Della Valle F, Romeo A (1987). "New polysaccharide esters and their salts". Eur.Pat. Appl. EP0216453 A2 19870401. Della Valle F ... It is part of a family of structurally complex, linear, anionic polysaccharides. The carboxylate groups present in the molecule ... Meyer, Karl; Palmer, John W. (December 1934). "The Polysaccharide of the Vitreous Humor". Journal of Biological Chemistry. 107 ... Romeo A (1989). "Crosslinked carboxy polysaccharides". Eur. Pat. Appl. EP0341745 A1 19891115. Zheng Shu X, Liu Y, Palumbo FS, ...

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyaluronic_acid

Pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (PPSV23) mococcal vaccine called PCV13, are recommended can prevent pneumococcal disease.. ... Pneumococcal Polysaccharide Vaccine See www.immunize.org/vis. Hojas de información sobre vacunas están (PPSV23): What You Need ...

https://www.cdc.gov/vaccines/hcp/vis/vis-statements/ppv.pdf

JavaScript is disabled for your browser. Some features of this site may not work without it ...

https://apps.who.int:80/iris/handle/10665/89616/browse?authority=Fungal+Polysaccharides&type=mesh

Pneumococcal Polysaccharide Vaccine: learn about side effects, dosage, special precautions, and more on MedlinePlus ... Pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (PPSV23) can prevent pneumococcal disease.. Pneumococcal disease refers to any illness ... Pneumococcal Polysaccharide Vaccine Information Statement. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services/Centers for Disease ...

https://medlineplus.gov/druginfo/meds/a607022.html

A WHO collaborative study to evaluate a candidate international standard for anti-typhoid capsular Vi polysaccharide IgG (‎ ... Evaluation of candidate international standards for meningococcal serogroups A and X polysaccharide: Expert Committee on ... Evaluation of candidate international standards for Vi polysaccharide from Citrobacter freundii and Salmonella enterica ...

https://extranet.who.int/iris/restricted/browse?authority=Polysaccharides&type=mesh

Israeli supplier Frutarom has expanded its Negev desert algae polysaccharide production potential by 30% to 10 tons in response ... Frutarom expands algae polysaccharides facility. 05-Mar-2012. - Last updated on 16-Mar-2017 at 15:06. GMT ... Israeli supplier Frutarom has expanded its Negev desert algae polysaccharide production potential by 30% to 10 tons in response ...

https://www.nutraingredients-usa.com/Article/2012/03/05/Frutarom-expands-algae-polysaccharides-facility

Recommendations of the Immunization Practices Advisory Committee Pneumococcal Polysaccharide Vaccine ... POLYSACCHARIDE VACCINE. VACCINE EFFICACY. RECOMMENDATIONS FOR VACCINE USE. ADVERSE REACTIONS. TIMING OF VACCINATION. STRATEGIES ... The development of a protein-polysaccharide conjugate vaccine for selected capsular types holds promise.. References. *Williams ... Polyvalent pneumococcal-polysaccharide immunization of patients with sickle-cell anemia and patients with splenectomy. N Engl J ...

https://wonder.cdc.gov/wonder/prevguid/p0000212/p0000212.asp

Among the maple syrup polysaccharides, one neutral polysaccharide was characterized as inulin with a broad molecular weight ... Detection of Inulin, a Prebiotic Polysaccharide, in Maple Syrup J Agric Food Chem. 2016 Sep 28;64(38):7142-7. doi: 10.1021/acs. ... In addition, two acidic polysaccharides with structural similarity were identified as arabinogalactans derived from ...

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27612524/

Facial Moisturizer/Treatment Products Containing Cassia Angustifolia (Alexandrian Senna) Seed Polysaccharide Sort best to worst ...

https://www.ewg.org/skindeep/browse/ingredients/701150CASSIA_ANGUSTIFOLIA_ALEXANDRIAN_SENNA_SEED_POLYSACCHARIDE/?category=facial+moisturizer%2Ftreatment

The third uses a mix of soy-polysaccharide and pectin (Premigum XLB-15032) and can be used in lower doses. The flavour release ... The soy polysaccharide-based ingredients can reduce manufacturers dependence on pectin as prices skyrocket due to supply ... The three new products are based on soy-polysaccharide fibre, which is commonly used in South East Asia to produce the thinner- ... The synergy between pectin and soy-polysaccharides mean they can be used hand-in-hand, and that results in "greater stability ...

https://www.foodnavigator.com/Article/2016/04/22/Problem-with-pectin-Soy-polysaccharides-could-be-the-solution

What are the basic units of polysaccharides? and find homework help for other Science questions at eNotes ... Polysaccharides are formed when monosaccharides are linked through glycosidic bonds. For example, starch, a polysaccharide, is ... Polysaccharides are also polymers (and that is why their name contains poly) and are made up of monosaccharides. These ... Some polysaccharides are also composed of disaccharides, which are formed by covalent linkage of two monosaccharides. Sucrose ...

https://www.enotes.com/homework-help/what-basic-units-polysaccharides-633732

... and Michele Haman of Equi-Librium Therapy LLC talk about whether massage can help or hurt horses with polysaccharide storage ...

https://thehorse.com/topics/sports-medicine/exercise-related-conditions/polysaccharide-storage-myopathy-pssm/

Hence our study aimed to investigate the effects of AS polysaccharides on rats with acute UC induced by 2,4-dinitrobenzene ... Protective effect of polysaccharides from Angelica sinensis on ulcerative colitis in rats. ... While the protective effects of Angelica sinensis (AS) polysaccharides on neutrophil-dependent gastric mucosal damage have been ... which were related to oxidative stress and attenuated by AS polysaccharides pretreatment (5 mg/ml and 10 mg/ml). These findings ...

https://greenmedinfo.com/article/angelica-sinensis-attenuates-symptoms-associated-ulcerative-colitis-rat-model-

The use of polysaccharide pneumococcal vaccination in elderly or high risk populations remains controversial. Evidence from ...

https://thorax.bmj.com/content/61/3/183.1.abstract

... an antitumor polysaccharide from Sclerotium glucanicum. Download Prime PubMed App to iPhone, iPad, or Android ... AnimalsAntineoplastic AgentsBiological AssayDrug Evaluation, PreclinicalFungiMiceMice, Inbred ICRPolysaccharidesSarcoma 180Time ... Scleroglucan, an antitumor polysaccharide from Sclerotium glucanicum.. Carbohydr Res. 1974 Oct; 37(1):245-7.CR ... "Scleroglucan, an Antitumor Polysaccharide From Sclerotium Glucanicum." Carbohydrate Research, vol. 37, no. 1, 1974, pp. 245-7. ...

https://www.unboundmedicine.com/medline/citation/4429971/Scleroglucan_an_antitumor_polysaccharide_from_Sclerotium_glucanicum_

Polysaccharide-Iron Complex Capsules) may treat, side effects, dosage, drug interactions, warnings, patient labeling, reviews, ... home drugs a-z list side effects drug center niferex-150 (polysaccharide-iron complex capsules) drug ... Niferex-150 Capsules (ferrous asparto glycinate and polysaccharide iron) Complex is a dietary supplement used to treat and ... 33% as Sumalate™† and 67% as polysaccharide iron complex). 150 mg. 833%. ...

https://www.rxlist.com/niferex-150-drug.htm

This database will be useful for researchers working on polysaccharide-based vaccines. It is freely available from the URL: ... To realize this goal, detailed systematic information about the antigenic polysaccharide is necessary. However, only a few ... The current version of the database has 1,554 entries of 149 different antigenic polysaccharides from 347 different microbes. ... Each entry provides comprehensive information about an antigenic polysaccharide, i.e., its origin, function, protocols for its ...

https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0034613

Reassembly of fungal polysaccharides for biocompatible interfaces REPLY - REassembly of fungal PoLYsaccharides for ... REassembly of fungal PoLYsaccharides for biocompatible interfaces ...

https://www.helsinki.fi/en/researchgroups/food-materials-science/research/reassembly-of-fungal-polysaccharides-for-biocompatible-interfaces

Effects of Agaricus blazei acidic polysaccharide on the aging of mice through keap1-Nrf2/ARE and MAPKs signal pathway ... Effects of Agaricus blazei acidic polysaccharide on the aging of mice through keap1-Nrf2/ARE and MAPKs signal pathway ... Effects of Agaricus blazei acidic polysaccharide on the aging of mice through keap1-Nrf2/ARE and MAPKs signal pathway ... Effects of Agaricus blazei acidic polysaccharide on the aging of mice through keap1-Nrf2/ARE and MAPKs signal pathway. Xiao Guo ...

http://ejbiotechnology.info/index.php/ejbiotechnology/article/view/2022.03.004

The effects of a water-soluble polysaccharide extracted from,i, Morinda officinalis,/i, (MOP) on the progression of varicocele ... As previous reports, the polysaccharides account for 10-20% of the total weight in M. Officinalis, which means the dose of 100 ... The effects of a water-soluble polysaccharide extracted from Morinda officinalis (MOP) on the progression of varicocele were ... L. Zhang, X. Zhao, F. Wang, Q. Lin, and W. Wang, "Effects of morinda officinalis polysaccharide on experimental varicocele rats ...

https://www.hindawi.com/journals/ecam/2019/8453635/

Acidic polysaccharides. Acidic polysaccharides are a group of polysaccharides that contain carboxyl groups and/or sulfuric ... Examples include storage polysaccharides such as starch and glycogen and structural polysaccharides such as cellulose. ... Polysaccharides (sometimes called glycans) are relatively complex carbohydrates.. They are polymers made up of many ...

https://www.fact-archive.com/encyclopedia/Polysaccharide

https://www.beveragedaily.com/Article/2016/04/22/Problem-with-pectin-Soy-polysaccharides-could-be-the-solution

From proteins to polysaccharides: lifestyle and genetic evolution of Coprothermobacter proteolyticus. B.J. Kunath, F. Delogu, M ... From proteins to polysaccharides: lifestyle and genetic evolution of Coprothermobacter proteolyticus Message Subject (Your Name ... and longer polysaccharides present in decaying plants and microbial cell walls, thus explaining its dominance in thermophilic ... which is in contrast to reports that it ferments proteinaceous substrates and is incapable of polysaccharide hydrolysis. Here ...

https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/280602v1

Polysaccharides, and Glycosidic Linkages. Includes full solutions and score reporting. ... Cellulose is a polysaccharide (a sugar). Glucose is the monosaccharide used to generate the structure of cellulose via linkages ... MCAT Physical : Disaccharides, Polysaccharides, and Glycosidic Linkages. Study concepts, example questions & explanations for ...

https://www.varsitytutors.com/mcat_physical-help/disaccharides-polysaccharides-and-glycosidic-linkages

Pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (PPSV23) can prevent pneumococcal disease. Pneumococcal disease refers to any illness ... Pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (PPSV23) can prevent pneumococcal disease.. Pneumococcal disease refers to any illness ... post a link to Pneumococcal Polysaccharide Vaccine: What You Need to Know information on Facebook. ... post a link to Pneumococcal Polysaccharide Vaccine: What You Need to Know information on Twitter. ...

https://www.healthwise.net/dh/Content/StdDocument.aspx?DOCHWID=cdc11

Focused on the structural characterization and biological activities of polysaccharides ... 18th International Conference on Polysaccharides and Glycoscience (ICPG). The event will be focused on the structural ... characterization and biological activities of polysaccharides as well as their technological production and application as ...

https://www.chemistryviews.org/18th-international-conference-on-polysaccharides-and-glycoscience-icpg/

Determination of polysaccharides (n glucose units) in a plant extract using pulsed amperometric detection and a high-pressure ... Determination of polysaccharides (n glucose units) in a plant extract using pulsed amperometric detection and a high-pressure ...

https://www.metrohm.com/en_us/applications/application-notes/aa-p-001-100/an-p-029.html

The Complex World of Polysaccharides Edited by Desiree Nedra Karunaratne. The Complex World of Polysaccharides. Edited by ... Complexes of Polysaccharides and Glycyrrhizic Acid with Drug Molecules − Mechanochemical Synthesis and Pharmacological Activity ...

https://www.intechopen.com/chapters/40577

... *Authors: *Hiroaki Matsushita ... We investigated the effect of Shoyu polysaccharides (SPS) prepared from soy sauce on the intestinal immune system of mice. SPS ... Stimulatory effect of Shoyu polysaccharides from soy sauce on the intestinal immune system. Int J Mol Med 22: 243-247, 2008 ... Stimulatory effect of Shoyu polysaccharides from soy sauce on the intestinal immune system. International Journal of Molecular ...

https://www.spandidos-publications.com/ijmm/22/2/243

This region encodes a mechanism for the uptake and metabolism of polysaccharides, including a polysaccharide utilization locus ... By analysing the optical properties of the colonies grown with and without specific polysaccharides, we found that the highly ... 2022). Polysaccharide metabolism regulates structural colour in bacterial colonies.. J R Soc Interface https://doi.org/10.1098/ ...

https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/338573

Examples include storage polysaccharides such as starch and glycogen and structural polysaccharides such as cellulose . (fact-archive.com)
The effect of cereal non-starch polysaccharides (NSP) on the gut microbial populations was studied in 5 growing pigs between 39-116 kg body weight according to a Latin square design. (dtu.dk)
Some examples of polysaccharides found in plants and foods include cellulose and starch. (cookingupafamily.com)
Plant waste consists mainly of complex polysaccharides such as starch. (universiteitleiden.nl)
One of the most important polysaccharides is starch. (usermessage.de)
macromolecule that makes up muscle, skin, organs, hair: protein: carbohydrates are made up of monomers called : monosaccharides: a disaccharide contains: two monosaccarides: polysaccharide that plants use to store energy: starch: polysaccharide animals use to store energy: glycogen: this organ stores glucose in the form of glycogen: liver: polysaccharide used … Which macromolecule stores energy, insulates us, and makes up the cell membrane? (usermessage.de)

Pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (PPSV23) mococcal vaccine called PCV13, are recommended can prevent pneumococcal disease . (cdc.gov)
Pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (PPSV23) can prevent pneumococcal disease . (medlineplus.gov)
Pneumococcal Polysaccharide Vaccine Information Statement. (medlineplus.gov)
Each vaccine dose (0.5 mL) contains 25 mg of each polysaccharide antigen. (cdc.gov)
Two types of pneumococcal vaccines are cur- polysaccharide vaccine (PPSV23) because its effective- rently available for adults: the 23-valent pneumo- ness differs according to serotype. (cdc.gov)
Pneumococcal Polysaccharide Vaccine, Japan decline might have changed the effectiveness of microbiologic testing results were available were in- PPSV23 against PPSV23-serotype IPD. (cdc.gov)
Streptococcus pneumoniae type 19f capsular polysaccharide antigen is a vaccine that contains highly purified capsular polysaccharides from the invasive pneumococcal type 19f of Streptococcus pneumoniae . (drugbank.com)
BACKGROUND: Clinical trials and meta-analyses have produced conflicting results of the efficacy of unconjugated pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine in adults. (bris.ac.uk)
METHODS: We searched several databases and all bibliographies of reviews and meta-analyses for clinical trials that compared pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine with a control. (bris.ac.uk)
It possesses a Vi antigen capsular polysaccharide coat that is important for virulence and is the basis of a current glycoconjugate vaccine. (bath.ac.uk)
These data summarize country introduction status of PPV (Pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine) in the national immunization programme. (who.int)
adalimumab decreases effects of meningococcal A C Y and W-135 polysaccharide vaccine combined by pharmacodynamic antagonism. (medscape.com)
alefacept decreases effects of meningococcal A C Y and W-135 polysaccharide vaccine combined by pharmacodynamic antagonism. (medscape.com)
Several vaccines are available to control the disease: a meningococcal A conjugate vaccine, C conjugate vaccines, tetravalent A, C, Y and W conjugate vaccines and meningococcal polysaccharide vaccines. (who.int)
After a century of living through recurrent meningitis outbreaks (plus 30 years of experience with a logistically difficult polysaccharide vaccine), the epidemics were still growing more deadly by the year. (path.org)
Pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (PPSV23): If they are 65 years and older or 19-64 years old and have certain health conditions or smoke cigarettes. (cdc.gov)
Immunogenicity of the 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine in Alaska Native chronic alcoholics compared with nonalcoholic Native and non-Native controls. (bvsalud.org)

Cellulose, which forms plant cell walls is also a polysaccharide, made up of the monosaccharide glucose. (enotes.com)
Cellulose is a polysaccharide (a sugar). (varsitytutors.com)
The LBPs were deproteinized using sevag method, and further purified by DEAE cellulose-52 column and Sephadex G-100 column chromatographies, then the two refined polysaccharides were obtained and named LBPs-5 and LBPs-6. (researchsquare.com)
Cellulose is a structural polysaccharide produced by plants. (cookingupafamily.com)

Intelligent films of marine polysaccharides and purple cauliflower extract for food packaging and spoilage monitoring. (bvsalud.org)
In this study, metalloanthocyanin-inspired, biodegradable packaging films were developed by incorporating purple cauliflower extracted (PCE) anthocyanins into alginate (AL)/carboxymethyl chitosan (CCS) hybrid polymer matrices based on complexation of metal ions with these marine polysaccharides and anthocyanins . (bvsalud.org)

Molecular modification of natural polysaccharides can significantly promote their immune-enhancing activity 8 - 10 . (scialert.net)
The chain of glucose molecules is one of the most abundant natural polysaccharides, accounting for about 50% of the world's organic carbon. (cookingupafamily.com)

By analysing the optical properties of the colonies grown with and without specific polysaccharides, we found that the highly ordered organization of the cells can be altered by the presence of fucoidans. (cam.ac.uk)
In recent years, serotype specific polysaccharides from different producers have been tested in pneumococcal antibody assay's. (ruc.dk)

This region encodes a mechanism for the uptake and metabolism of polysaccharides, including a polysaccharide utilization locus (PUL operon) that appears specific to fucoidan, providing new insight into the biochemical pathways regulating structural colour in bacteria. (cam.ac.uk)
Of the truly abundant polysaccharides in Nature, only chitin has yet to find utilization in large quantity. (semanticscholar.org)

Polysaccharides are also polymers (and that is why their name contains 'poly') and are made up of monosaccharides . (enotes.com)
Polysaccharides are formed when monosaccharides are linked through glycosidic bonds. (enotes.com)
Some polysaccharides are also composed of disaccharides, which are formed by covalent linkage of two monosaccharides. (enotes.com)
Definition: Polysaccharides are to be polymers of monosaccharides containing ten or more monosaccharide residues. (humpath.com)
Polysaccharides are polymeric carbohydrate structures, formed of repeating units (either monosaccharides or disaccharides) joined together by glycosidic bonds. (humpath.com)
When all the monosaccharides in a polysaccharide are the same type the polysaccharide is called a homopolysaccharide, but when more than one type of monosaccharide is present they are called heteropolysaccharides. (humpath.com)
These are polysaccharide molecules consisting of more than one type of monosaccharides. (toppr.com)
Carbohydrates are divided into monosaccharides, disaccharides, and polysaccharides. (cookingupafamily.com)

Meningococcal A, C, Y and W-135 polysaccharide-protein conjugate vaccines. (ox.ac.uk)
Combination conjugate vaccines, containing more than one meningococcal polysaccharide, have been developed to broaden protection against the disease. (ox.ac.uk)
Details for: Pneumococcal pneumonia and polysaccharide vaccines. (who.int)

Other patients at greater risk because of decreased responsiveness to polysaccharide antigens or more rapid decline in serum antibody include those with functional or anatomic asplenia (e.g., sickle cell disease or splenectomy), Hodgkin's disease, lymphoma, multiple myeloma, chronic renal failure, nephrotic syndrome, and organ transplantation. (cdc.gov)
Serotype-specific antibodies against the capsular polysaccharide are produced during infection.At present, many countries follow the WHO pneumococcal ELISA IgG measurement protocol, in which polysaccharides from ATCC are used as antigens. (ruc.dk)
In general, the data showed that both types of polysaccharide could be used as antigens. (ruc.dk)

PPSV23): What You Need to Know disponibles en español y en muchos otros idiomas. (cdc.gov)

Determination of polysaccharides (n glucose units) in a plant extract using pulsed amperometric detection and a high-pressure gradient. (metrohm.com)

In the present study, the in vitro antidiabetic activity of polysaccharides from Agaricus bisporus was assessed. (scialert.net)
This study was performed in order to understand the structural characteristics and antioxidant activity of polysaccharides from Lenzites betulina (LBPs). (researchsquare.com)

Aloe Vera contains complex polysaccharides with a high water-holding and immunostimulatory capacity, improves circulation, strengthens hair cell regeneration, soothes irritation. (rv.ua)

An example of a polysaccharide composed of disaccharides is hyaluronic acid. (enotes.com)

Polysaccharides are polymeric carbohydrate molecules formed by many monosaccharide units linked by glycosidic bonds. (scialert.net)
Fungal polysaccharides belong to a very important class of biological macromolecules in nature, and have complex monosaccharide composition and structure. (researchsquare.com)

In addition, two acidic polysaccharides with structural similarity were identified as arabinogalactans derived from rhamnogalacturonan type I pectic polysaccharides. (nih.gov)

These studies on structure and biological activity of fungal polysaccharides have become one of the research hotspots of scholars at home and abroad. (researchsquare.com)

Adherence of Candida albicans to a cell surface polysaccharide receptor on Streptococcus gordonii . (bvsalud.org)

The effects of a water-soluble polysaccharide extracted from Morinda officinalis (MOP) on the progression of varicocele were evaluated in the present study. (hindawi.com)
Furthermore, the two water-soluble polysaccharides demonstrated strong scavenging effects on DPPH·, ABTS. (researchsquare.com)

Cassia Angustifolia (Senna) Seed Polysaccharide (Botanical Hyaluronic Acid). (hannasherbshop.com)

Polysaccharides (sometimes called glycans ) are relatively complex carbohydrates . (fact-archive.com)

0. Polysaccharides and lipids are the macromolecules which store energy. (usermessage.de)

Ten genes were predicted to encode glycosyltransferases, the ATP-binding cassette polysaccharide translocators, or enzymes required for the biosynthesis of GDP-N-formylperosamine. (qub.ac.uk)

A molecule of a polysaccharide has n number of sugar molecules bound together to form a larger molecule . (toppr.com)

The plaques are formed by way of extracellular polysaccharides, which are complex, sticky sugar chains located on the outer part of the bacterial cell. (wcponline.com)

Extracted polysaccharides were characterized by 1 H NMR, 13 C NMR spectroscopy and the in vitro antidiabetic activity of the extracted polysaccharides was analyzed by α-amylase inhibitory activity. (scialert.net)
This result indicated that polysaccharide possessed higher inhibitory activity against α-amylase. (scialert.net)
Wang, H. X. and Ng, T. B. Examination of lectins, polysaccharopeptide, polysaccharide, alkaloid, coumarin and trypsin inhibitors for inhibitory activity against human immunodeficiency virus reverse transcriptase and glycohydrolases. (webmd.com)

This study aimed to extract and purify polysaccharides from edible mushroom and to investigate its in vitro antidiabetic activity. (scialert.net)
In this study, the sleep promotion effect of G. Lucidum triterpenes appeared to be better than the polysaccharide-rich extract of G. Lucidum researched in other published studies 8 . (elitenaturalhealthcare.com)
The polysaccharide extract of G. Lucidum was also suggested to have a partial benzodiazepine-like sedative activity 10 . (elitenaturalhealthcare.com)

Now, these complex carbohydrates have a highly branched molecular structure and are named polysaccharide. (toppr.com)
Polysaccharides are carbohydrates found in many different foods. (cookingupafamily.com)
The sugar in sugar berries is composed of a high proportion of polysaccharides, which are carbohydrates found in plants and animals. (cookingupafamily.com)
Both polysaccharides and oligosaccharides are storage carbohydrates, which are derived from plant, fungus, or algae cell walls. (cookingupafamily.com)

Unlike polysaccharides, simple sugars are difficult to break down to simpler ones. (cookingupafamily.com)
HA is a polysaccharide - a molecule consisting of multiple simple sugars - that is found between tissue layers, particularly between deep fascia - the connective tissue that encapsulates and separates muscles, tendons, and bones - and adjacent muscle. (irunfar.com)

The event will be focused on the structural characterization and biological activities of polysaccharides as well as their technological production and application as biodegradable materials. (chemistryviews.org)
It is well known that biological activities of polysaccharides depend on their structural characteristics, namely the glycosidic bond of the main chain sugar subunits 6 - 7 . (scialert.net)
Different cultivars and processing technologies involved in producing tea result in the high heterogeneity of derived polysaccharide conjugates, which limits the understanding of their composition and structure, and biological activity. (bvsalud.org)

Recognition, degradation of plant cell wall polysaccharides by two human gut symbionts. (medecinesciences.org)

40. Flatulence-producing foods are typically high in certain polysaccharides, especially oligosaccharides such as inulin. (superiorfacts.com)
Other includes oligosaccharides and other polysaccharides. (prospre.io)

These findings suggest that oxidative stress and GSH depletion are highly associated with the pathological mechanism of UC, and the protective effects of AS polysaccharides are closely related to the prevention of oxidative stress, which may occur during neutrophil infiltration in the pathological process of UC. (greenmedinfo.com)
This chapter explores the mechanism of the fabrication of polysaccharide-based nanocarriers and their application as potential drug delivery vehicles for local and systemic action. (taylorfrancis.com)
In this study, G. Lucidum polysaccharides involved a GABAergic mechanism which reduced sleep latency, increased sleeping time (non-REM and light sleep) and induced a sedative effect. (elitenaturalhealthcare.com)

With the objective of localizing cell surface polysaccharides, the reaction of several osmium (VI)-ligand complexes with glycols has been applied to sugar residues in mono- and polysaccharides. (elsevier.com)

Coprothermobacter proteolyticus frequently dominates thermophilic, lignocellulose-degrading communities with wide geographical distribution, which is in contrast to reports that it ferments proteinaceous substrates and is incapable of polysaccharide hydrolysis. (biorxiv.org)

The use of polysaccharide pneumococcal vaccination in elderly or high risk populations remains controversial. (bmj.com)

The soy polysaccharide-based ingredients can reduce manufacturers' dependence on pectin as prices skyrocket due to supply shortages. (foodnavigator.com)
The synergy between pectin and soy-polysaccharides mean they can be used hand-in-hand, and that results in "greater stability using lower does of pectin", he explained. (foodnavigator.com)
Of the three new products, two have no pectin: one is just soy-polysaccharide and will create a 'thinner' product (Premigum XLB-16022), whilst the other is a mixture of soy-polysaccharide and guar gum, which maintains mouthfeel (Premigum XLB16023). (foodnavigator.com)
The third uses a mix of soy-polysaccharide and pectin (Premigum XLB-15032) and can be used in lower doses. (foodnavigator.com)

Leonard Mayer] Men Y is an abbreviation for Neisseria meningitidis serogroup Y. The serogroups of Neisseria meningitidis are based on the different biochemical structures of their polysaccharide coating called the capsule. (cdc.gov)

While the protective effects of Angelica sinensis (AS) polysaccharides on neutrophil-dependent gastric mucosal damage have been reported, similar protective effects on UC are still uncertain. (greenmedinfo.com)

Among the maple syrup polysaccharides, one neutral polysaccharide was characterized as inulin with a broad molecular weight distribution, representing the first isolation of this prebiotic carbohydrate from a xylem sap. (nih.gov)
The immune polysaccharides in Astragalus are of high molecular weight and not easily absorbed from the intestines, hence may trigger immune responses via direct effects on the intestinal mucosa and microbiota. (ndnr.com)

We show that C. proteolyticus , a ubiquitous keystone population, consists of closely related strains that have adapted via HGT to degrade both oligo- and longer polysaccharides present in decaying plants and microbial cell walls, thus explaining its dominance in thermophilic anaerobic digesters on a global scale. (biorxiv.org)

We investigated the effect of Shoyu polysaccharides (SPS) prepared from soy sauce on the intestinal immune system of mice. (spandidos-publications.com)
Matsushita H, Kobayashi M, Tsukiyama R, Fujimoto M, Suzuki M, Tsuji K and Yamamoto K: Stimulatory effect of Shoyu polysaccharides from soy sauce on the intestinal immune system. (spandidos-publications.com)
Effects of oxidation-based tea processing on the characteristics of the derived polysaccharide conjugates and their regulation of intestinal homeostasis in DSS-induced colitis mice. (bvsalud.org)
10 Astragalus polysaccharides are also shown to promote proliferation and function of intestinal intraepithelial T cells - a group of specialized T cells in the gastrointestinal mucosa that may also have systemic immune modulating effects. (ndnr.com)

This substrate (EC 234-394-2) is recommended for use in the screening of endo -hydrolases using insoluble dyed polysaccharides as described in the Application Note (In Documents tab). (megazyme.com)

Polysaccharide metabolism regulates structural colour in bacterial colonies. (cam.ac.uk)

PCE anthocyanins -incorporated AL/CCS films were further modified with fucoidan (FD) because this sulfated polysaccharide can form strong interactions with anthocyanins . (bvsalud.org)

Israeli supplier Frutarom has expanded its Negev desert algae polysaccharide production potential by 30% to 10 tons in response to growing demand for the skin health products it is used in. (nutraingredients-usa.com)

Mushroom polysaccharides have many health benefits. (scialert.net)
Hence, the present study showed that mushroom polysaccharides displayed antidiabetic activity. (scialert.net)
Mushroom polysaccharides are yet to be explored for a lot of various pharmaceuticals for applications in near future. (scialert.net)

Niferex-150 Capsules (ferrous asparto glycinate and polysaccharide iron) Complex is a dietary supplement used to treat and prevent vitamin C and iron deficiencies. (rxlist.com)

Our results indicated that the major polysaccharide components of the glomerular basement membrane were sialoproteins and collagen, with smaller amounts of hyaluronic acid and various sulphated glycosaminoglycans. (who.int)

Anatomy6

Organisms56

Diseases9

Chemicals and Drugs113

Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic Techniques and Equipment31

Phenomena and Processes37

Disciplines and Occupations3

Technology, Industry, Agriculture2

Information Science4

Health Care2

Interaction of inflammatory cells and oral microorganisms. II. Modulation of rabbit polymorphonuclear leukocyte hydrolase release by polysaccharides in response to Streptococcus mutans and Streptococcus sanguis. (1/6727)

Crystal structures of two H-2Db/glycopeptide complexes suggest a molecular basis for CTL cross-reactivity. (2/6727)

Binding partners for the myelin-associated glycoprotein of N2A neuroblastoma cells. (3/6727)

Identification and characterization of genes required for hyphal morphogenesis in the filamentous fungus Aspergillus nidulans. (4/6727)

Origins of globular structure in proteins. (5/6727)

Phagocytosis stimulates alternative glycosylation of macrosialin (mouse CD68), a macrophage-specific endosomal protein. (6/6727)

Structures of N-linked oligosaccharides of glycoproteins from tobacco BY2 suspension cultured cells. (7/6727)

Trimming and readdition of glucose to N-linked oligosaccharides determines calnexin association of a substrate glycoprotein in living cells. (8/6727)

Polysaccharides, Bacterial

Polysaccharides

Bacterial Capsules

Fungal Polysaccharides

Carbohydrate Sequence

O Antigens

Rhamnose

Antibodies, Bacterial

Carbohydrate Conformation

Cell Wall

Monosaccharides

Vaccines, Conjugate

Pectins

Uronic Acids

Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy

Galactans

Antigens, Bacterial

Glucans

Bacterial Vaccines

Neisseria meningitidis

Xylans

Molecular Sequence Data

Carbohydrates

Cryptococcus neoformans

Periodic Acid

Serotyping

Galactose

Lipopolysaccharides

Glycosyltransferases

Meningococcal Vaccines

Reishi

Mannans

Oligosaccharides

Bacterial Proteins

Seaweed

Streptococcus agalactiae

Hexuronic Acids

Cryptococcus

Pneumococcal Infections

Immunoglobulin G

Glucuronic Acid

Glycoside Hydrolases

Cellulose

Biofilms

Chromatography, Paper

Sugar Acids

Polysaccharide-Lyases

Immunodiffusion

Mannose

Cross Reactions

Phaeophyta

Bacteroides fragilis

Opsonin Proteins

Serology

beta-Glucans

Escherichia coli

Chemistry

Chemical Phenomena

Methylation

Neisseria meningitidis, Serogroup C

Hydrofluoric Acid

Tetanus Toxoid

Streptococcus

Fucose

Sulfates

Phagocytosis

Alginates

Starch

Genes, Bacterial

Fruiting Bodies, Fungal

Blood Bactericidal Activity

Disaccharides

Chromatography, Gel

Immune Sera

Hexosamines

Deoxy Sugars

Gum Arabic

Bacterial Adhesion

Methylmannosides

Hydrolysis