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Polymerase Chain ReactionReverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain ReactionBase SequenceMolecular Sequence DataDNA-Directed DNA PolymeraseRNA, MessengerDNA PrimersReal-Time Polymerase Chain ReactionRNA Polymerase IISensitivity and SpecificityDNA, ViralAmino Acid SequenceDNA, BacterialDNACloning, MolecularDNA-Directed RNA PolymerasesTranscription, GeneticGenotypeDNA Polymerase IBlotting, SouthernOligonucleotide ProbesMutationGene ExpressionDNA Polymerase IIMultiplex Polymerase Chain ReactionPolymorphism, Restriction Fragment LengthDNA Polymerase IIISequence Analysis, DNADNA, ProtozoanElectrophoresis, Agar GelGene AmplificationDNA, ComplementaryPolymorphism, GeneticDNA ProbesAllelesRNA, ViralTemplates, GeneticRNA Polymerase IRNA Polymerase IIIImmunohistochemistryImmunoglobulin Heavy ChainsEscherichia coliRNA-Directed DNA PolymeraseDNA Polymerase betaPromoter Regions, GeneticSequence Homology, Nucleic AcidCells, CulturedExonsRestriction MappingDNA, NeoplasmCell LineSequence Homology, Amino AcidDNA Mutational AnalysisNucleic Acid HybridizationIn Situ HybridizationGene Expression RegulationPhylogenyRNASequence AlignmentCattleSpecies SpecificityGene Expression ProfilingCase-Control StudiesGene FrequencyBlotting, WesternTime FactorsPoint MutationOligodeoxyribonucleotidesGene RearrangementEvaluation Studies as TopicKineticsImmunoglobulin Light ChainsPolymorphism, Single-Stranded ConformationalNucleic Acid Amplification TechniquesEnzyme-Linked Immunosorbent AssayParaffin EmbeddingFecesBlotting, NorthernRecombinant ProteinsTranscription FactorsPhenotypeTumor Virus InfectionsRNA, NeoplasmTaq PolymeraseDNA ReplicationTranslocation, GeneticRNA ReplicasePapillomaviridaeDog DiseasesGenetic VariationReproducibility of ResultsOligonucleotide Array Sequence AnalysisDNA-Binding ProteinsGenes, BacterialBiopsyElectrophoresis, Polyacrylamide GelBinding SitesTumor Cells, CulturedBacterial ProteinsDNA, Fungal
Polymerase Chain Reaction
In vitro method for producing large amounts of specific DNA or RNA fragments of defined length and sequence from small amounts of short oligonucleotide flanking sequences (primers). The essential steps include thermal denaturation of the double-stranded target molecules, annealing of the primers to their complementary sequences, and extension of the annealed primers by enzymatic synthesis with DNA polymerase. The reaction is efficient, specific, and extremely sensitive. Uses for the reaction include disease diagnosis, detection of difficult-to-isolate pathogens, mutation analysis, genetic testing, DNA sequencing, and analyzing evolutionary relationships.
Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
A variation of the PCR technique in which cDNA is made from RNA via reverse transcription. The resultant cDNA is then amplified using standard PCR protocols.
Base Sequence
The sequence of PURINES and PYRIMIDINES in nucleic acids and polynucleotides. It is also called nucleotide sequence.
Molecular Sequence Data
Descriptions of specific amino acid, carbohydrate, or nucleotide sequences which have appeared in the published literature and/or are deposited in and maintained by databanks such as GENBANK, European Molecular Biology Laboratory (EMBL), National Biomedical Research Foundation (NBRF), or other sequence repositories.
DNA-Directed DNA Polymerase
DNA-dependent DNA polymerases found in bacteria, animal and plant cells. During the replication process, these enzymes catalyze the addition of deoxyribonucleotide residues to the end of a DNA strand in the presence of DNA as template-primer. They also possess exonuclease activity and therefore function in DNA repair.
RNA, Messenger
RNA sequences that serve as templates for protein synthesis. Bacterial mRNAs are generally primary transcripts in that they do not require post-transcriptional processing. Eukaryotic mRNA is synthesized in the nucleus and must be exported to the cytoplasm for translation. Most eukaryotic mRNAs have a sequence of polyadenylic acid at the 3' end, referred to as the poly(A) tail. The function of this tail is not known for certain, but it may play a role in the export of mature mRNA from the nucleus as well as in helping stabilize some mRNA molecules by retarding their degradation in the cytoplasm.
DNA Primers
Short sequences (generally about 10 base pairs) of DNA that are complementary to sequences of messenger RNA and allow reverse transcriptases to start copying the adjacent sequences of mRNA. Primers are used extensively in genetic and molecular biology techniques.
Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction
Methods used for detecting the amplified DNA products from the polymerase chain reaction as they accumulate instead of at the end of the reaction.
RNA Polymerase II
A DNA-dependent RNA polymerase present in bacterial, plant, and animal cells. It functions in the nucleoplasmic structure and transcribes DNA into RNA. It has different requirements for cations and salt than RNA polymerase I and is strongly inhibited by alpha-amanitin. EC 2.7.7.6.
Sensitivity and Specificity
Binary classification measures to assess test results. Sensitivity or recall rate is the proportion of true positives. Specificity is the probability of correctly determining the absence of a condition. (From Last, Dictionary of Epidemiology, 2d ed)
DNA, Viral
Deoxyribonucleic acid that makes up the genetic material of viruses.
Amino Acid Sequence
The order of amino acids as they occur in a polypeptide chain. This is referred to as the primary structure of proteins. It is of fundamental importance in determining PROTEIN CONFORMATION.
DNA, Bacterial
Deoxyribonucleic acid that makes up the genetic material of bacteria.
DNA
A deoxyribonucleotide polymer that is the primary genetic material of all cells. Eukaryotic and prokaryotic organisms normally contain DNA in a double-stranded state, yet several important biological processes transiently involve single-stranded regions. DNA, which consists of a polysugar-phosphate backbone possessing projections of purines (adenine and guanine) and pyrimidines (thymine and cytosine), forms a double helix that is held together by hydrogen bonds between these purines and pyrimidines (adenine to thymine and guanine to cytosine).
Cloning, Molecular
The insertion of recombinant DNA molecules from prokaryotic and/or eukaryotic sources into a replicating vehicle, such as a plasmid or virus vector, and the introduction of the resultant hybrid molecules into recipient cells without altering the viability of those cells.
DNA-Directed RNA Polymerases
Enzymes that catalyze DNA template-directed extension of the 3'-end of an RNA strand one nucleotide at a time. They can initiate a chain de novo. In eukaryotes, three forms of the enzyme have been distinguished on the basis of sensitivity to alpha-amanitin, and the type of RNA synthesized. (From Enzyme Nomenclature, 1992).
Transcription, Genetic
The biosynthesis of RNA carried out on a template of DNA. The biosynthesis of DNA from an RNA template is called REVERSE TRANSCRIPTION.
Genotype
The genetic constitution of the individual, comprising the ALLELES present at each GENETIC LOCUS.
DNA Polymerase I
A DNA-dependent DNA polymerase characterized in prokaryotes and may be present in higher organisms. It has both 3'-5' and 5'-3' exonuclease activity, but cannot use native double-stranded DNA as template-primer. It is not inhibited by sulfhydryl reagents and is active in both DNA synthesis and repair. EC 2.7.7.7.
Blotting, Southern
A method (first developed by E.M. Southern) for detection of DNA that has been electrophoretically separated and immobilized by blotting on nitrocellulose or other type of paper or nylon membrane followed by hybridization with labeled NUCLEIC ACID PROBES.
Oligonucleotide Probes
Synthetic or natural oligonucleotides used in hybridization studies in order to identify and study specific nucleic acid fragments, e.g., DNA segments near or within a specific gene locus or gene. The probe hybridizes with a specific mRNA, if present. Conventional techniques used for testing for the hybridization product include dot blot assays, Southern blot assays, and DNA:RNA hybrid-specific antibody tests. Conventional labels for the probe include the radioisotope labels 32P and 125I and the chemical label biotin.
Mutation
Any detectable and heritable change in the genetic material that causes a change in the GENOTYPE and which is transmitted to daughter cells and to succeeding generations.
Gene Expression
The phenotypic manifestation of a gene or genes by the processes of GENETIC TRANSCRIPTION and GENETIC TRANSLATION.
DNA Polymerase II
A DNA-dependent DNA polymerase characterized in E. coli and other lower organisms. It may be present in higher organisms and has an intrinsic molecular activity only 5% of that of DNA Polymerase I. This polymerase has 3'-5' exonuclease activity, is effective only on duplex DNA with gaps or single-strand ends of less than 100 nucleotides as template, and is inhibited by sulfhydryl reagents. EC 2.7.7.7.
Multiplex Polymerase Chain Reaction
Methods for using more than one primer set in a polymerase chain reaction to amplify more than one segment of the target DNA sequence in a single reaction.
Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length
Variation occurring within a species in the presence or length of DNA fragment generated by a specific endonuclease at a specific site in the genome. Such variations are generated by mutations that create or abolish recognition sites for these enzymes or change the length of the fragment.
DNA Polymerase III
A DNA-dependent DNA polymerase characterized in E. coli and other lower organisms but may be present in higher organisms. Use also for a more complex form of DNA polymerase III designated as DNA polymerase III* or pol III* which is 15 times more active biologically than DNA polymerase I in the synthesis of DNA. This polymerase has both 3'-5' and 5'-3' exonuclease activities, is inhibited by sulfhydryl reagents, and has the same template-primer dependence as pol II. EC 2.7.7.7.
Sequence Analysis, DNA
A multistage process that includes cloning, physical mapping, subcloning, determination of the DNA SEQUENCE, and information analysis.
DNA, Protozoan
Deoxyribonucleic acid that makes up the genetic material of protozoa.
Electrophoresis, Agar Gel
Electrophoresis in which agar or agarose gel is used as the diffusion medium.
Gene Amplification
A selective increase in the number of copies of a gene coding for a specific protein without a proportional increase in other genes. It occurs naturally via the excision of a copy of the repeating sequence from the chromosome and its extrachromosomal replication in a plasmid, or via the production of an RNA transcript of the entire repeating sequence of ribosomal RNA followed by the reverse transcription of the molecule to produce an additional copy of the original DNA sequence. Laboratory techniques have been introduced for inducing disproportional replication by unequal crossing over, uptake of DNA from lysed cells, or generation of extrachromosomal sequences from rolling circle replication.
DNA, Complementary
Single-stranded complementary DNA synthesized from an RNA template by the action of RNA-dependent DNA polymerase. cDNA (i.e., complementary DNA, not circular DNA, not C-DNA) is used in a variety of molecular cloning experiments as well as serving as a specific hybridization probe.
Polymorphism, Genetic
The regular and simultaneous occurrence in a single interbreeding population of two or more discontinuous genotypes. The concept includes differences in genotypes ranging in size from a single nucleotide site (POLYMORPHISM, SINGLE NUCLEOTIDE) to large nucleotide sequences visible at a chromosomal level.
DNA Probes
Species- or subspecies-specific DNA (including COMPLEMENTARY DNA; conserved genes, whole chromosomes, or whole genomes) used in hybridization studies in order to identify microorganisms, to measure DNA-DNA homologies, to group subspecies, etc. The DNA probe hybridizes with a specific mRNA, if present. Conventional techniques used for testing for the hybridization product include dot blot assays, Southern blot assays, and DNA:RNA hybrid-specific antibody tests. Conventional labels for the DNA probe include the radioisotope labels 32P and 125I and the chemical label biotin. The use of DNA probes provides a specific, sensitive, rapid, and inexpensive replacement for cell culture techniques for diagnosing infections.
Alleles
Variant forms of the same gene, occupying the same locus on homologous CHROMOSOMES, and governing the variants in production of the same gene product.
RNA, Viral
Ribonucleic acid that makes up the genetic material of viruses.
Templates, Genetic
Macromolecular molds for the synthesis of complementary macromolecules, as in DNA REPLICATION; GENETIC TRANSCRIPTION of DNA to RNA, and GENETIC TRANSLATION of RNA into POLYPEPTIDES.
RNA Polymerase I
A DNA-dependent RNA polymerase present in bacterial, plant, and animal cells. The enzyme functions in the nucleolar structure and transcribes DNA into RNA. It has different requirements for cations and salts than RNA polymerase II and III and is not inhibited by alpha-amanitin. EC 2.7.7.6.
RNA Polymerase III
A DNA-dependent RNA polymerase present in bacterial, plant, and animal cells. It functions in the nucleoplasmic structure where it transcribes DNA into RNA. It has specific requirements for cations and salt and has shown an intermediate sensitivity to alpha-amanitin in comparison to RNA polymerase I and II. EC 2.7.7.6.
Immunohistochemistry
Histochemical localization of immunoreactive substances using labeled antibodies as reagents.
Immunoglobulin Heavy Chains
The largest of polypeptide chains comprising immunoglobulins. They contain 450 to 600 amino acid residues per chain, and have molecular weights of 51-72 kDa.
Escherichia coli
A species of gram-negative, facultatively anaerobic, rod-shaped bacteria (GRAM-NEGATIVE FACULTATIVELY ANAEROBIC RODS) commonly found in the lower part of the intestine of warm-blooded animals. It is usually nonpathogenic, but some strains are known to produce DIARRHEA and pyogenic infections. Pathogenic strains (virotypes) are classified by their specific pathogenic mechanisms such as toxins (ENTEROTOXIGENIC ESCHERICHIA COLI), etc.
RNA-Directed DNA Polymerase
An enzyme that synthesizes DNA on an RNA template. It is encoded by the pol gene of retroviruses and by certain retrovirus-like elements. EC 2.7.7.49.
DNA Polymerase beta
A DNA repair enzyme that catalyzes DNA synthesis during base excision DNA repair. EC 2.7.7.7.
Promoter Regions, Genetic
DNA sequences which are recognized (directly or indirectly) and bound by a DNA-dependent RNA polymerase during the initiation of transcription. Highly conserved sequences within the promoter include the Pribnow box in bacteria and the TATA BOX in eukaryotes.
Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid
The sequential correspondence of nucleotides in one nucleic acid molecule with those of another nucleic acid molecule. Sequence homology is an indication of the genetic relatedness of different organisms and gene function.
Cells, Cultured
Cells propagated in vitro in special media conducive to their growth. Cultured cells are used to study developmental, morphologic, metabolic, physiologic, and genetic processes, among others.
Exons
The parts of a transcript of a split GENE remaining after the INTRONS are removed. They are spliced together to become a MESSENGER RNA or other functional RNA.
Restriction Mapping
Use of restriction endonucleases to analyze and generate a physical map of genomes, genes, or other segments of DNA.
DNA, Neoplasm
DNA present in neoplastic tissue.
Cell Line
Established cell cultures that have the potential to propagate indefinitely.
Sequence Homology, Amino Acid
The degree of similarity between sequences of amino acids. This information is useful for the analyzing genetic relatedness of proteins and species.
DNA Mutational Analysis
Biochemical identification of mutational changes in a nucleotide sequence.
Nucleic Acid Hybridization
Widely used technique which exploits the ability of complementary sequences in single-stranded DNAs or RNAs to pair with each other to form a double helix. Hybridization can take place between two complimentary DNA sequences, between a single-stranded DNA and a complementary RNA, or between two RNA sequences. The technique is used to detect and isolate specific sequences, measure homology, or define other characteristics of one or both strands. (Kendrew, Encyclopedia of Molecular Biology, 1994, p503)
In Situ Hybridization
A technique that localizes specific nucleic acid sequences within intact chromosomes, eukaryotic cells, or bacterial cells through the use of specific nucleic acid-labeled probes.
Gene Expression Regulation
Any of the processes by which nuclear, cytoplasmic, or intercellular factors influence the differential control (induction or repression) of gene action at the level of transcription or translation.
Phylogeny
The relationships of groups of organisms as reflected by their genetic makeup.
RNA
A polynucleotide consisting essentially of chains with a repeating backbone of phosphate and ribose units to which nitrogenous bases are attached. RNA is unique among biological macromolecules in that it can encode genetic information, serve as an abundant structural component of cells, and also possesses catalytic activity. (Rieger et al., Glossary of Genetics: Classical and Molecular, 5th ed)
Sequence Alignment
The arrangement of two or more amino acid or base sequences from an organism or organisms in such a way as to align areas of the sequences sharing common properties. The degree of relatedness or homology between the sequences is predicted computationally or statistically based on weights assigned to the elements aligned between the sequences. This in turn can serve as a potential indicator of the genetic relatedness between the organisms.
Cattle
Domesticated bovine animals of the genus Bos, usually kept on a farm or ranch and used for the production of meat or dairy products or for heavy labor.
Species Specificity
The restriction of a characteristic behavior, anatomical structure or physical system, such as immune response; metabolic response, or gene or gene variant to the members of one species. It refers to that property which differentiates one species from another but it is also used for phylogenetic levels higher or lower than the species.
Gene Expression Profiling
The determination of the pattern of genes expressed at the level of GENETIC TRANSCRIPTION, under specific circumstances or in a specific cell.
Case-Control Studies
Studies which start with the identification of persons with a disease of interest and a control (comparison, referent) group without the disease. The relationship of an attribute to the disease is examined by comparing diseased and non-diseased persons with regard to the frequency or levels of the attribute in each group.
Gene Frequency
The proportion of one particular in the total of all ALLELES for one genetic locus in a breeding POPULATION.
Blotting, Western
Identification of proteins or peptides that have been electrophoretically separated by blot transferring from the electrophoresis gel to strips of nitrocellulose paper, followed by labeling with antibody probes.
Time Factors
Elements of limited time intervals, contributing to particular results or situations.
Point Mutation
A mutation caused by the substitution of one nucleotide for another. This results in the DNA molecule having a change in a single base pair.
Oligodeoxyribonucleotides
A group of deoxyribonucleotides (up to 12) in which the phosphate residues of each deoxyribonucleotide act as bridges in forming diester linkages between the deoxyribose moieties.
Gene Rearrangement
The ordered rearrangement of gene regions by DNA recombination such as that which occurs normally during development.
Evaluation Studies as Topic
Studies determining the effectiveness or value of processes, personnel, and equipment, or the material on conducting such studies. For drugs and devices, CLINICAL TRIALS AS TOPIC; DRUG EVALUATION; and DRUG EVALUATION, PRECLINICAL are available.
Kinetics
The rate dynamics in chemical or physical systems.
Immunoglobulin Light Chains
Polypeptide chains, consisting of 211 to 217 amino acid residues and having a molecular weight of approximately 22 kDa. There are two major types of light chains, kappa and lambda. Two Ig light chains and two Ig heavy chains (IMMUNOGLOBULIN HEAVY CHAINS) make one immunoglobulin molecule.
Polymorphism, Single-Stranded Conformational
Variation in a population's DNA sequence that is detected by determining alterations in the conformation of denatured DNA fragments. Denatured DNA fragments are allowed to renature under conditions that prevent the formation of double-stranded DNA and allow secondary structure to form in single stranded fragments. These fragments are then run through polyacrylamide gels to detect variations in the secondary structure that is manifested as an alteration in migration through the gels.
Nucleic Acid Amplification Techniques
Laboratory techniques that involve the in-vitro synthesis of many copies of DNA or RNA from one original template.
Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay
An immunoassay utilizing an antibody labeled with an enzyme marker such as horseradish peroxidase. While either the enzyme or the antibody is bound to an immunosorbent substrate, they both retain their biologic activity; the change in enzyme activity as a result of the enzyme-antibody-antigen reaction is proportional to the concentration of the antigen and can be measured spectrophotometrically or with the naked eye. Many variations of the method have been developed.
Paraffin Embedding
The infiltrating of tissue specimens with paraffin, as a supporting substance, to prepare for sectioning with a microtome.
Feces
Excrement from the INTESTINES, containing unabsorbed solids, waste products, secretions, and BACTERIA of the DIGESTIVE SYSTEM.
Blotting, Northern
Detection of RNA that has been electrophoretically separated and immobilized by blotting on nitrocellulose or other type of paper or nylon membrane followed by hybridization with labeled NUCLEIC ACID PROBES.
Recombinant Proteins
Proteins prepared by recombinant DNA technology.
Transcription Factors
Endogenous substances, usually proteins, which are effective in the initiation, stimulation, or termination of the genetic transcription process.
Phenotype
The outward appearance of the individual. It is the product of interactions between genes, and between the GENOTYPE and the environment.
Tumor Virus Infections
Infections produced by oncogenic viruses. The infections caused by DNA viruses are less numerous but more diverse than those caused by the RNA oncogenic viruses.
RNA, Neoplasm
RNA present in neoplastic tissue.
Taq Polymerase
A heat stable DNA-DIRECTED DNA POLYMERASE from the bacteria Thermus aquaticus. It is widely used for the amplification of genes through the process of POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION. EC 2.7.7.-.
DNA Replication
The process by which a DNA molecule is duplicated.
Translocation, Genetic
A type of chromosome aberration characterized by CHROMOSOME BREAKAGE and transfer of the broken-off portion to another location, often to a different chromosome.
RNA Replicase
An enzyme that catalyses RNA-template-directed extension of the 3'- end of an RNA strand by one nucleotide at a time, and can initiate a chain de novo. (Enzyme Nomenclature, 1992, p293)
Papillomaviridae
A family of small, non-enveloped DNA viruses infecting birds and most mammals, especially humans. They are grouped into multiple genera, but the viruses are highly host-species specific and tissue-restricted. They are commonly divided into hundreds of papillomavirus "types", each with specific gene function and gene control regions, despite sequence homology. Human papillomaviruses are found in the genera ALPHAPAPILLOMAVIRUS; BETAPAPILLOMAVIRUS; GAMMAPAPILLOMAVIRUS; and MUPAPILLOMAVIRUS.
Dog Diseases
Diseases of the domestic dog (Canis familiaris). This term does not include diseases of wild dogs, WOLVES; FOXES; and other Canidae for which the heading CARNIVORA is used.
Genetic Variation
Genotypic differences observed among individuals in a population.
Reproducibility of Results
The statistical reproducibility of measurements (often in a clinical context), including the testing of instrumentation or techniques to obtain reproducible results. The concept includes reproducibility of physiological measurements, which may be used to develop rules to assess probability or prognosis, or response to a stimulus; reproducibility of occurrence of a condition; and reproducibility of experimental results.
Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis
Hybridization of a nucleic acid sample to a very large set of OLIGONUCLEOTIDE PROBES, which have been attached individually in columns and rows to a solid support, to determine a BASE SEQUENCE, or to detect variations in a gene sequence, GENE EXPRESSION, or for GENE MAPPING.
DNA-Binding Proteins
Proteins which bind to DNA. The family includes proteins which bind to both double- and single-stranded DNA and also includes specific DNA binding proteins in serum which can be used as markers for malignant diseases.
Genes, Bacterial
The functional hereditary units of BACTERIA.
Biopsy
Removal and pathologic examination of specimens in the form of small pieces of tissue from the living body.
Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel
Electrophoresis in which a polyacrylamide gel is used as the diffusion medium.
Binding Sites
The parts of a macromolecule that directly participate in its specific combination with another molecule.
Tumor Cells, Cultured
Cells grown in vitro from neoplastic tissue. If they can be established as a TUMOR CELL LINE, they can be propagated in cell culture indefinitely.
Bacterial Proteins
Proteins found in any species of bacterium.
DNA, Fungal
Deoxyribonucleic acid that makes up the genetic material of fungi.
Up-Regulation
A positive regulatory effect on physiological processes at the molecular, cellular, or systemic level. At the molecular level, the major regulatory sites include membrane receptors, genes (GENE EXPRESSION REGULATION), mRNAs (RNA, MESSENGER), and proteins.
Molecular Diagnostic Techniques
MOLECULAR BIOLOGY techniques used in the diagnosis of disease.
Oligonucleotides
Polymers made up of a few (2-20) nucleotides. In molecular genetics, they refer to a short sequence synthesized to match a region where a mutation is known to occur, and then used as a probe (OLIGONUCLEOTIDE PROBES). (Dorland, 28th ed)
Plasmids
Extrachromosomal, usually CIRCULAR DNA molecules that are self-replicating and transferable from one organism to another. They are found in a variety of bacterial, archaeal, fungal, algal, and plant species. They are used in GENETIC ENGINEERING as CLONING VECTORS.
Genetic Predisposition to Disease
A latent susceptibility to disease at the genetic level, which may be activated under certain conditions.
Genetic Markers
A phenotypically recognizable genetic trait which can be used to identify a genetic locus, a linkage group, or a recombination event.
Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerases
Enzymes that catalyze the transfer of multiple ADP-RIBOSE groups from nicotinamide-adenine dinucleotide (NAD) onto protein targets, thus building up a linear or branched homopolymer of repeating ADP-ribose units i.e., POLY ADENOSINE DIPHOSPHATE RIBOSE.
Viral Proteins
Proteins found in any species of virus.
Protein Binding
The process in which substances, either endogenous or exogenous, bind to proteins, peptides, enzymes, protein precursors, or allied compounds. Specific protein-binding measures are often used as assays in diagnostic assessments.
Cattle Diseases
Diseases of domestic cattle of the genus Bos. It includes diseases of cows, yaks, and zebus.
Neoplasm Proteins
Proteins whose abnormal expression (gain or loss) are associated with the development, growth, or progression of NEOPLASMS. Some neoplasm proteins are tumor antigens (ANTIGENS, NEOPLASM), i.e. they induce an immune reaction to their tumor. Many neoplasm proteins have been characterized and are used as tumor markers (BIOMARKERS, TUMOR) when they are detectable in cells and body fluids as monitors for the presence or growth of tumors. Abnormal expression of ONCOGENE PROTEINS is involved in neoplastic transformation, whereas the loss of expression of TUMOR SUPPRESSOR PROTEINS is involved with the loss of growth control and progression of the neoplasm.
Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
Any of the processes by which nuclear, cytoplasmic, or intercellular factors influence the differential control of gene action in neoplastic tissue.
Gene Rearrangement, B-Lymphocyte, Heavy Chain
Ordered rearrangement of B-lymphocyte variable gene regions of the IMMUNOGLOBULIN HEAVY CHAINS, thereby contributing to antibody diversity. It occurs during the first stage of differentiation of the IMMATURE B-LYMPHOCYTES.
Swine
Any of various animals that constitute the family Suidae and comprise stout-bodied, short-legged omnivorous mammals with thick skin, usually covered with coarse bristles, a rather long mobile snout, and small tail. Included are the genera Babyrousa, Phacochoerus (wart hogs), and Sus, the latter containing the domestic pig (see SUS SCROFA).
DNA, Helminth
Deoxyribonucleic acid that makes up the genetic material of helminths.
Herpesviridae Infections
Virus diseases caused by the HERPESVIRIDAE.
Ligase Chain Reaction
A DNA amplification technique based upon the ligation of OLIGONUCLEOTIDE PROBES. The probes are designed to exactly match two adjacent sequences of a specific target DNA. The chain reaction is repeated in three steps in the presence of excess probe: (1) heat denaturation of double-stranded DNA, (2) annealing of probes to target DNA, and (3) joining of the probes by thermostable DNA ligase. After the reaction is repeated for 20-30 cycles the production of ligated probe is measured.
Transfection
The uptake of naked or purified DNA by CELLS, usually meaning the process as it occurs in eukaryotic cells. It is analogous to bacterial transformation (TRANSFORMATION, BACTERIAL) and both are routinely employed in GENE TRANSFER TECHNIQUES.
Gene Library
A large collection of DNA fragments cloned (CLONING, MOLECULAR) from a given organism, tissue, organ, or cell type. It may contain complete genomic sequences (GENOMIC LIBRARY) or complementary DNA sequences, the latter being formed from messenger RNA and lacking intron sequences.
Neoplasm, Residual
Remnant of a tumor or cancer after primary, potentially curative therapy. (Dr. Daniel Masys, written communication)
Gene Deletion
A genetic rearrangement through loss of segments of DNA or RNA, bringing sequences which are normally separated into close proximity. This deletion may be detected using cytogenetic techniques and can also be inferred from the phenotype, indicating a deletion at one specific locus.
Cell Line, Tumor
A cell line derived from cultured tumor cells.
Pedigree
The record of descent or ancestry, particularly of a particular condition or trait, indicating individual family members, their relationships, and their status with respect to the trait or condition.
Macromolecular Substances
Compounds and molecular complexes that consist of very large numbers of atoms and are generally over 500 kDa in size. In biological systems macromolecular substances usually can be visualized using ELECTRON MICROSCOPY and are distinguished from ORGANELLES by the lack of a membrane structure.
China
A country spanning from central Asia to the Pacific Ocean.
Pregnancy
The status during which female mammals carry their developing young (EMBRYOS or FETUSES) in utero before birth, beginning from FERTILIZATION to BIRTH.
RNA, Ribosomal, 16S
Constituent of 30S subunit prokaryotic ribosomes containing 1600 nucleotides and 21 proteins. 16S rRNA is involved in initiation of polypeptide synthesis.
Chromosomes, Human, Pair 14
A specific pair of GROUP D CHROMOSOMES of the human chromosome classification.
Cytomegalovirus
A genus of the family HERPESVIRIDAE, subfamily BETAHERPESVIRINAE, infecting the salivary glands, liver, spleen, lungs, eyes, and other organs, in which they produce characteristically enlarged cells with intranuclear inclusions. Infection with Cytomegalovirus is also seen as an opportunistic infection in AIDS.
DNA, Ribosomal
DNA sequences encoding RIBOSOMAL RNA and the segments of DNA separating the individual ribosomal RNA genes, referred to as RIBOSOMAL SPACER DNA.
Flow Cytometry
Technique using an instrument system for making, processing, and displaying one or more measurements on individual cells obtained from a cell suspension. Cells are usually stained with one or more fluorescent dyes specific to cell components of interest, e.g., DNA, and fluorescence of each cell is measured as it rapidly transverses the excitation beam (laser or mercury arc lamp). Fluorescence provides a quantitative measure of various biochemical and biophysical properties of the cell, as well as a basis for cell sorting. Other measurable optical parameters include light absorption and light scattering, the latter being applicable to the measurement of cell size, shape, density, granularity, and stain uptake.
Genes, Immunoglobulin
Genes encoding the different subunits of the IMMUNOGLOBULINS, for example the IMMUNOGLOBULIN LIGHT CHAIN GENES and the IMMUNOGLOBULIN HEAVY CHAIN GENES. The heavy and light immunoglobulin genes are present as gene segments in the germline cells. The completed genes are created when the segments are shuffled and assembled (B-LYMPHOCYTE GENE REARRANGEMENT) during B-LYMPHOCYTE maturation. The gene segments of the human light and heavy chain germline genes are symbolized V (variable), J (joining) and C (constant). The heavy chain germline genes have an additional segment D (diversity).
Heterozygote
An individual having different alleles at one or more loci regarding a specific character.
Liver
A large lobed glandular organ in the abdomen of vertebrates that is responsible for detoxification, metabolism, synthesis and storage of various substances.
Prevalence
The total number of cases of a given disease in a specified population at a designated time. It is differentiated from INCIDENCE, which refers to the number of new cases in the population at a given time.
Myosin Heavy Chains
The larger subunits of MYOSINS. The heavy chains have a molecular weight of about 230 kDa and each heavy chain is usually associated with a dissimilar pair of MYOSIN LIGHT CHAINS. The heavy chains possess actin-binding and ATPase activity.
Genes
A category of nucleic acid sequences that function as units of heredity and which code for the basic instructions for the development, reproduction, and maintenance of organisms.
Protozoan Infections, Animal
Infections with unicellular organisms formerly members of the subkingdom Protozoa. The infections may be experimental or veterinary.
Introns
Sequences of DNA in the genes that are located between the EXONS. They are transcribed along with the exons but are removed from the primary gene transcript by RNA SPLICING to leave mature RNA. Some introns code for separate genes.
Asian Continental Ancestry Group
Individuals whose ancestral origins are in the southeastern and eastern areas of the Asian continent.
Swine Diseases
Diseases of domestic swine and of the wild boar of the genus Sus.
Codon
A set of three nucleotides in a protein coding sequence that specifies individual amino acids or a termination signal (CODON, TERMINATOR). Most codons are universal, but some organisms do not produce the transfer RNAs (RNA, TRANSFER) complementary to all codons. These codons are referred to as unassigned codons (CODONS, NONSENSE).
Immunoenzyme Techniques
Immunologic techniques based on the use of: (1) enzyme-antibody conjugates; (2) enzyme-antigen conjugates; (3) antienzyme antibody followed by its homologous enzyme; or (4) enzyme-antienzyme complexes. These are used histologically for visualizing or labeling tissue specimens.
Chromosome Mapping
Any method used for determining the location of and relative distances between genes on a chromosome.
Chromosomes, Human, Pair 18
A specific pair of GROUP E CHROMOSOMES of the human chromosome classification.
Models, Molecular
Models used experimentally or theoretically to study molecular shape, electronic properties, or interactions; includes analogous molecules, computer-generated graphics, and mechanical structures.
Horse Diseases
Diseases of domestic and wild horses of the species Equus caballus.
Tumor Markers, Biological
Molecular products metabolized and secreted by neoplastic tissue and characterized biochemically in cells or body fluids. They are indicators of tumor stage and grade as well as useful for monitoring responses to treatment and predicting recurrence. Many chemical groups are represented including hormones, antigens, amino and nucleic acids, enzymes, polyamines, and specific cell membrane proteins and lipids.
Gene Rearrangement, gamma-Chain T-Cell Antigen Receptor
Ordered rearrangement of T-cell variable gene regions coding for the gamma-chain of antigen receptors.
DNA Fingerprinting
A technique for identifying individuals of a species that is based on the uniqueness of their DNA sequence. Uniqueness is determined by identifying which combination of allelic variations occur in the individual at a statistically relevant number of different loci. In forensic studies, RESTRICTION FRAGMENT LENGTH POLYMORPHISM of multiple, highly polymorphic VNTR LOCI or MICROSATELLITE REPEAT loci are analyzed. The number of loci used for the profile depends on the ALLELE FREQUENCY in the population.
Molecular Weight
The sum of the weight of all the atoms in a molecule.
Dogs
The domestic dog, Canis familiaris, comprising about 400 breeds, of the carnivore family CANIDAE. They are worldwide in distribution and live in association with people. (Walker's Mammals of the World, 5th ed, p1065)
Carrier Proteins
Transport proteins that carry specific substances in the blood or across cell membranes.
Disease Outbreaks
Sudden increase in the incidence of a disease. The concept includes EPIDEMICS and PANDEMICS.
Herpesvirus 6, Human
The type species of ROSEOLOVIRUS isolated from patients with AIDS and other LYMPHOPROLIFERATIVE DISORDERS. It infects and replicates in fresh and established lines of hematopoietic cells and cells of neural origin. It also appears to alter NK cell activity. HHV-6; (HBLV) antibodies are elevated in patients with AIDS, Sjogren's syndrome, sarcoidosis, chronic fatigue syndrome, and certain malignancies. HHV-6 is the cause of EXANTHEMA SUBITUM and has been implicated in encephalitis.
Tissue Fixation
The technique of using FIXATIVES in the preparation of cytologic, histologic, or pathologic specimens for the purpose of maintaining the existing form and structure of all the constituent elements.
Parvoviridae Infections
Virus infections caused by the PARVOVIRIDAE.
Leukocytes, Mononuclear
Mature LYMPHOCYTES and MONOCYTES transported by the blood to the body's extravascular space. They are morphologically distinguishable from mature granulocytic leukocytes by their large, non-lobed nuclei and lack of coarse, heavily stained cytoplasmic granules.
Papillomavirus Infections
Neoplasms of the skin and mucous membranes caused by papillomaviruses. They are usually benign but some have a high risk for malignant progression.
Herpesvirus 4, Human
The type species of LYMPHOCRYPTOVIRUS, subfamily GAMMAHERPESVIRINAE, infecting B-cells in humans. It is thought to be the causative agent of INFECTIOUS MONONUCLEOSIS and is strongly associated with oral hairy leukoplakia (LEUKOPLAKIA, HAIRY;), BURKITT LYMPHOMA; and other malignancies.
Repetitive Sequences, Nucleic Acid
Sequences of DNA or RNA that occur in multiple copies. There are several types: INTERSPERSED REPETITIVE SEQUENCES are copies of transposable elements (DNA TRANSPOSABLE ELEMENTS or RETROELEMENTS) dispersed throughout the genome. TERMINAL REPEAT SEQUENCES flank both ends of another sequence, for example, the long terminal repeats (LTRs) on RETROVIRUSES. Variations may be direct repeats, those occurring in the same direction, or inverted repeats, those opposite to each other in direction. TANDEM REPEAT SEQUENCES are copies which lie adjacent to each other, direct or inverted (INVERTED REPEAT SEQUENCES).
Fluorescent Antibody Technique, Direct
A form of fluorescent antibody technique utilizing a fluorochrome conjugated to an antibody, which is added directly to a tissue or cell suspension for the detection of a specific antigen. (Bennington, Saunders Dictionary & Encyclopedia of Laboratory Medicine and Technology, 1984)
Rats, Sprague-Dawley
A strain of albino rat used widely for experimental purposes because of its calmness and ease of handling. It was developed by the Sprague-Dawley Animal Company.
Infant, Newborn
An infant during the first month after birth.
Cytomegalovirus Infections
Infection with CYTOMEGALOVIRUS, characterized by enlarged cells bearing intranuclear inclusions. Infection may be in almost any organ, but the salivary glands are the most common site in children, as are the lungs in adults.
Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide
A single nucleotide variation in a genetic sequence that occurs at appreciable frequency in the population.
Chlamydia Infections
Infections with bacteria of the genus CHLAMYDIA.
Sequence Deletion
Deletion of sequences of nucleic acids from the genetic material of an individual.
Disease Models, Animal
Naturally occurring or experimentally induced animal diseases with pathological processes sufficiently similar to those of human diseases. They are used as study models for human diseases.
Clone Cells
A group of genetically identical cells all descended from a single common ancestral cell by mitosis in eukaryotes or by binary fission in prokaryotes. Clone cells also include populations of recombinant DNA molecules all carrying the same inserted sequence. (From King & Stansfield, Dictionary of Genetics, 4th ed)
Membrane Proteins
Proteins which are found in membranes including cellular and intracellular membranes. They consist of two types, peripheral and integral proteins. They include most membrane-associated enzymes, antigenic proteins, transport proteins, and drug, hormone, and lectin receptors.
Homozygote
An individual in which both alleles at a given locus are identical.
HeLa Cells
The first continuously cultured human malignant CELL LINE, derived from the cervical carcinoma of Henrietta Lacks. These cells are used for VIRUS CULTIVATION and antitumor drug screening assays.
Specimen Handling
Procedures for collecting, preserving, and transporting of specimens sufficiently stable to provide accurate and precise results suitable for clinical interpretation.
Bone Marrow
The soft tissue filling the cavities of bones. Bone marrow exists in two types, yellow and red. Yellow marrow is found in the large cavities of large bones and consists mostly of fat cells and a few primitive blood cells. Red marrow is a hematopoietic tissue and is the site of production of erythrocytes and granular leukocytes. Bone marrow is made up of a framework of connective tissue containing branching fibers with the frame being filled with marrow cells.
Aborted Fetus
A mammalian fetus expelled by INDUCED ABORTION or SPONTANEOUS ABORTION.
RNA, Ribosomal, 18S
Constituent of the 40S subunit of eukaryotic ribosomes. 18S rRNA is involved in the initiation of polypeptide synthesis in eukaryotes.
Herpesviridae
A family of enveloped, linear, double-stranded DNA viruses infecting a wide variety of animals. Subfamilies, based on biological characteristics, include: ALPHAHERPESVIRINAE; BETAHERPESVIRINAE; and GAMMAHERPESVIRINAE.
DNA, Kinetoplast
DNA of kinetoplasts which are specialized MITOCHONDRIA of trypanosomes and related parasitic protozoa within the order KINETOPLASTIDA. Kinetoplast DNA consists of a complex network of numerous catenated rings of two classes; the first being a large number of small DNA duplex rings, called minicircles, approximately 2000 base pairs in length, and the second being several dozen much larger rings, called maxicircles, approximately 37 kb in length.
Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic
Any of the processes by which nuclear, cytoplasmic, or intercellular factors influence the differential control of gene action in enzyme synthesis.
In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence
A type of IN SITU HYBRIDIZATION in which target sequences are stained with fluorescent dye so their location and size can be determined using fluorescence microscopy. This staining is sufficiently distinct that the hybridization signal can be seen both in metaphase spreads and in interphase nuclei.
Prognosis
A prediction of the probable outcome of a disease based on a individual's condition and the usual course of the disease as seen in similar situations.
Saccharomyces cerevisiae
A species of the genus SACCHAROMYCES, family Saccharomycetaceae, order Saccharomycetales, known as "baker's" or "brewer's" yeast. The dried form is used as a dietary supplement.
Brazil
Fluorescent Antibody Technique, Indirect
A form of fluorescent antibody technique commonly used to detect serum antibodies and immune complexes in tissues and microorganisms in specimens from patients with infectious diseases. The technique involves formation of an antigen-antibody complex which is labeled with fluorescein-conjugated anti-immunoglobulin antibody. (From Bennington, Saunders Dictionary & Encyclopedia of Laboratory Medicine and Technology, 1984)
Predictive Value of Tests
In screening and diagnostic tests, the probability that a person with a positive test is a true positive (i.e., has the disease), is referred to as the predictive value of a positive test; whereas, the predictive value of a negative test is the probability that the person with a negative test does not have the disease. Predictive value is related to the sensitivity and specificity of the test.
Down-Regulation
A negative regulatory effect on physiological processes at the molecular, cellular, or systemic level. At the molecular level, the major regulatory sites include membrane receptors, genes (GENE EXPRESSION REGULATION), mRNAs (RNA, MESSENGER), and proteins.
Prospective Studies
Observation of a population for a sufficient number of persons over a sufficient number of years to generate incidence or mortality rates subsequent to the selection of the study group.
Genome, Viral
The complete genetic complement contained in a DNA or RNA molecule in a virus.
Bacteriophage T7
Virulent bacteriophage and type species of the genus T7-like phages, in the family PODOVIRIDAE, that infects E. coli. It consists of linear double-stranded DNA, terminally redundant, and non-permuted.
Chlamydia trachomatis
Type species of CHLAMYDIA causing a variety of ocular and urogenital diseases.
DNA Methylation
Addition of methyl groups to DNA. DNA methyltransferases (DNA methylases) perform this reaction using S-ADENOSYLMETHIONINE as the methyl group donor.
Mycoplasma Infections
Infections with species of the genus MYCOPLASMA.
Cat Diseases
Diseases of the domestic cat (Felis catus or F. domesticus). This term does not include diseases of the so-called big cats such as CHEETAHS; LIONS; tigers, cougars, panthers, leopards, and other Felidae for which the heading CARNIVORA is used.
Bacteriological Techniques
Techniques used in studying bacteria.
Digoxigenin
3 beta,12 beta,14-Trihydroxy-5 beta-card-20(22)-enolide. A cardenolide which is the aglycon of digoxin. Can be obtained by hydrolysis of digoxin or from Digitalis orientalis L. and Digitalis lanata Ehrh.
Genes, ras
Family of retrovirus-associated DNA sequences (ras) originally isolated from Harvey (H-ras, Ha-ras, rasH) and Kirsten (K-ras, Ki-ras, rasK) murine sarcoma viruses. Ras genes are widely conserved among animal species and sequences corresponding to both H-ras and K-ras genes have been detected in human, avian, murine, and non-vertebrate genomes. The closely related N-ras gene has been detected in human neuroblastoma and sarcoma cell lines. All genes of the family have a similar exon-intron structure and each encodes a p21 protein.
Temperature
The property of objects that determines the direction of heat flow when they are placed in direct thermal contact. The temperature is the energy of microscopic motions (vibrational and translational) of the particles of atoms.
Mice, Inbred C57BL
Fatal Outcome
Death resulting from the presence of a disease in an individual, as shown by a single case report or a limited number of patients. This should be differentiated from DEATH, the physiological cessation of life and from MORTALITY, an epidemiological or statistical concept.
Microsatellite Repeats
A variety of simple repeat sequences that are distributed throughout the GENOME. They are characterized by a short repeat unit of 2-8 basepairs that is repeated up to 100 times. They are also known as short tandem repeats (STRs).
Polynucleotide Adenylyltransferase
An enzyme that catalyzes the synthesis of polyadenylic acid from ATP. May be due to the action of RNA polymerase (EC 2.7.7.6) or polynucleotide adenylyltransferase (EC 2.7.7.19). EC 2.7.7.19.

Detailed methylation analysis of the glutathione S-transferase pi (GSTP1) gene in prostate cancer. (1/67158)

Glutathione-S-Transferases (GSTs) comprise a family of isoenzymes that provide protection to mammalian cells against electrophilic metabolites of carcinogens and reactive oxygen species. Previous studies have shown that the CpG-rich promoter region of the pi-class gene GSTP1 is methylated at single restriction sites in the majority of prostate cancers. In order to understand the nature of abnormal methylation of the GSTP1 gene in prostate cancer we undertook a detailed analysis of methylation at 131 CpG sites spanning the promoter and body of the gene. Our results show that DNA methylation is not confined to specific CpG sites in the promoter region of the GSTP1 gene but is extensive throughout the CpG island in prostate cancer cells. Furthermore we found that both alleles are abnormally methylated in this region. In normal prostate tissue, the entire CpG island was unmethylated, but extensive methylation was found outside the island in the body of the gene. Loss of GSTP1 expression correlated with DNA methylation of the CpG island in both prostate cancer cell lines and cancer tissues whereas methylation outside the CpG island in normal prostate tissue appeared to have no effect on gene expression.  (+info)

Differential stability of the DNA-activated protein kinase catalytic subunit mRNA in human glioma cells. (2/67158)

DNA-dependent protein kinase (DNA-PK) functions in double-strand break repair and immunoglobulin [V(D)J] recombination. We previously established a radiation-sensitive human cell line, M059J, derived from a malignant glioma, which lacks the catalytic subunit (DNA-PKcs) of the DNA-PK multiprotein complex. Although previous Northern blot analysis failed to detect the DNA-PKcs transcript in these cells, we show here through quantitative studies that the transcript is present, albeit at greatly reduced (approximately 20x) levels. Sequencing revealed no genetic alteration in either the promoter region, the kinase domain, or the 3' untranslated region of the DNA-PKcs gene to account for the reduced transcript levels. Nuclear run-on transcription assays indicated that the rate of DNA-PKcs transcription in M059J and DNA-PKcs proficient cell lines was similar, but the stability of the DNA-PKcs message in the M059J cell line was drastically (approximately 20x) reduced. Furthermore, M059J cells lack an alternately spliced DNA-PKcs transcript that accounts for a minor (5-20%) proportion of the DNA-PKcs message in all other cell lines tested. Thus, alterations in DNA-PKcs mRNA stability and/or the lack of the alternate mRNA may result in the loss of DNA-PKcs activity. This finding has important implications as DNA-PKcs activity is essential to cells repairing damage induced by radiation or radiomimetric agents.  (+info)

Hybrid capture II, a new sensitive test for human papillomavirus detection. Comparison with hybrid capture I and PCR results in cervical lesions. (3/67158)

AIM: To test a new assay for the detection of human papillomavirus (HPV) DNA, hybrid capture II (HC II), compared with the previous commercialized hybrid capture I (HC I) and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) results on cervical scrapes from fresh cone excision biopsy samples. METHODS: The three methods were used on cervical scrapes from 42 fresh cone excision biopsy samples. There were nine metaplastic and inflammatory lesions, five low grade lesions, and 28 high grade lesions. PCR was performed using the general primers GP5+/GP6+. The viral load of high risk HPV DNA was estimated by the ratio of relative light units to positive control values in the samples. RESULTS: The sensitivity of HC I for the detection of high grade lesions was 71.4%, while it was 92.8% for HC II and 96.4% for the PCR. Considering only the absence of detectable cervical in situ neoplasia, the specificity was 88.9% for HC I, 66.7% for HC II, and 66.7% for PCR. With HC II, for a ratio of cervical sample to normal control of > 200, the sensitivity for the detection of high grade lesion was only 34.6% with a specificity of 66.7%. CONCLUSIONS: HPV detection with the HC II assay is more sensitive than the previous HC I and represents a more convenient and easier test than PCR for routine use. Nevertheless the viral load estimated with this test cannot be a reliable predictive indicator of high grade lesions.  (+info)

Human papillomavirus DNA in adenosquamous carcinoma of the lung. (4/67158)

AIM: To investigate the presence of human papillomavirus (HPV) DNA in adenosquamous carcinoma of the lung--which is relatively common in Okinawa but not in mainland Japan--and examine its histological features. METHODS: Of 207 cases where primary lung cancers were surgically removed between January 1995 and June 1997 in Okinawa, 23 were adenosquamous carcinoma. HPV was detected by non-isotopic in situ hybridisation (NISH) and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification with primers specific for E6 and E7 regions of the HPV genome. PCR products were analysed by Southern blotting. Immunohistochemical determination of high molecular weight cytokeratin (HMC) and involucrin was also carried out. RESULTS: 18 cases were positive for HPV DNA by PCR and NISH. HPV types 6, 11, 16, and 18 were found. Seven cases were dual positive for different types of HPV. Using NISH, HPV was also found in the squamous cell components and in neighbouring enlarged adenocarcinoma cells. The HMC and involucrin were demonstrated immunohistochemically in the same areas. CONCLUSIONS: HPV DNA was found in a high proportion (78.3%) of adenosquamous carcinomas in Okinawa, a region where HPV has previously been shown to be prevalent in squamous cell carcinoma of the lung. The adenocarcinoma cells adjacent to the squamous cell carcinoma component were enlarged and positive for HPV, HMC, and involucrin. This is thought to indicate the transition from adenocarcinoma to squamous cell carcinoma.  (+info)

Immunohistochemical expression of mdm2 and p21WAF1 in invasive cervical cancer: correlation with p53 protein and high risk HPV infection. (5/67158)

AIM: To investigate the immunocytochemical staining pattern of mdm2 and p21WAF1 proteins in invasive cervical cancer and to determine its relation with the expression of p53 and with the high risk HPV infection. METHODS: Immunocytochemistry for p53, mdm2, and p21WAF1 was performed in 31 paraffin embedded sections of invasive cervical cancer. The results were assessed by image analysis, evaluating for each protein the optical density of the immunostained area, scored as percentage of the total nuclear area. The presence of high risk human papillomavirus (HPV) infection was detected by using the polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS: Immunostaining for both mdm2 and p21WAF1 was correlated with p53 expression; however, the correlation between p53 and mdm2 (R = 0.49; p < 0.01) was more significant than between p53 and p21WAF1 (R = 0.31; p < 0.05); the less stringent correlation between p53 and p21WAF1 might reflect the p53 independent mechanisms of p21WAF1 induction. Similar average levels of p53, mdm2, and p21WAF1 immunostaining were found in the presence or absence of high risk HPV-DNA, without significant differences between the two groups. CONCLUSIONS: These data suggest that mdm2 and p21WAF1 proteins are expressed in invasive cervical cancer and that their immunocytochemical staining pattern is not abrogated by the presence of high risk HPV genomic sequences.  (+info)

The significance of cagA and vacA subtypes of Helicobacter pylori in the pathogenesis of inflammation and peptic ulceration. (6/67158)

AIMS: To assess the significance of cagA and vacA subtypes of Helicobacter pylori in relation to inflammation and density of bacterial colonisation in vivo within a dyspeptic UK population. METHODS: Dyspeptic patients who were Helicobacter pylori positive had antral samples taken for histology and culture. Gastroduodenal pathology was noted. The grade of bacterial density and inflammation was assessed using the Sydney system. Bacterial DNA was extracted and the vacA alleles and the cagA/gene typed using PCR. RESULTS: 120 patients were studied. There was high rate of cagA positive strains in this population. Bacterial density did not correlate with the presence of peptic ulceration. There was a significant association between cagA positive strains and increased inflammation and bacterial density. The vacA s1 type independently correlated with extensive chronic inflammation but there was no association with bacterial density. The vacA m type did not correlate with extent of inflammation or bacterial density. CONCLUSIONS: The results suggest that cagA is important in the pathogenesis of inflammation and peptic ulceration. These findings are in keeping with the hypothesis that cagA acts as a marker for a cag pathogenicity island which encodes several genes involved in inflammation. The vacA s1 allele correlates with inflammation independently of cagA, possibly through its enhanced ability to produce the vacuolating cytotoxin.  (+info)

Expression of vascular endothelial growth factor in human oral squamous cell carcinoma: its association with tumour progression and p53 gene status. (7/67158)

AIMS: To correlate vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) expression in oral squamous cell carcinoma with the clinicopathological characteristics and prognosis; and to assess whether p53 gene status is associated with VEGF expression in human cancers. METHODS: Tumour specimens from 45 patients with oral squamous cell carcinomas were examined. Expression of VEGF was determined using an immunohistochemical method, and a tumour was considered positive when more than 5% of the neoplastic cells showed VEGF immunoreactivity. The p53 gene status was screened using a polymerase chain reaction--single strand conformation polymorphism analysis. RESULTS: VEGF positive staining was detected in 19 (42.2%) of the 45 cases. VEGF immunoreactivity did not correlate with the histological degree of tumour differentiation, clinical stages, or lymph node metastasis. The patients with VEGF positive tumours had a significantly worse prognosis than those with VEGF negative tumours. The five year overall survival rate of the VEGF negative patients was 76.5%, as compared with 48.8% for the VEGF positive patients. No significant association between VEGF expression and the p53 gene status of the tumours was found. CONCLUSIONS: VEGF is a good prognostic indicator of the survival of patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma. The p53 gene status does not seem to be associated with VEGF expression in these cancers.  (+info)

The alphaE-catenin gene (CTNNA1) acts as an invasion-suppressor gene in human colon cancer cells. (8/67158)

The acquisition of invasiveness is a crucial step in the malignant progression of cancer. In cancers of the colon and of other organs the E-cadherin/catenin complex, which is implicated in homotypic cell-cell adhesion as well as in signal transduction, serves as a powerful inhibitor of invasion. We show here that one allele of the alphaE-catenin (CTNNA1) gene is mutated in the human colon cancer cell family HCT-8, which is identical to HCT-15, DLD-1 and HRT-18. Genetic instability, due to mutations in the HMSH6 (also called GTBP) mismatch repair gene, results in the spontaneous occurrence of invasive variants, all carrying either a mutation or exon skipping in the second alphaE-catenin allele. The alphaE-catenin gene is therefore, an invasion-suppressor gene in accordance with the two-hit model of Knudsen for tumour-suppressor genes.  (+info)

A Simple Polymerase Chain Reaction-based Method for the Discrimination of Three Chicken Breeds | Korea ScienceA Simple Polymerase Chain Reaction-based Method for the Discrimination of Three Chicken Breeds | Korea Science
A Simple Polymerase Chain Reaction-based Method for the Discrimination of Three Chicken Breeds - Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism;Breed Discrimination;Chicken;Polymerase Chain Reaction;Nucleotide Polymorphism;
http://www.koreascience.or.kr/article/ArticleFullRecord.jsp?cn=E1DMBP_2009_v22n9_1241
Real‐time polymerase chain reaction tests versus antenatal culture tests for the screening of maternal group B Streptococcus...Real‐time polymerase chain reaction tests versus antenatal culture tests for the screening of maternal group B Streptococcus...
Seedat, Farah, Uthman, Olalekan, Robinson, Esther, Cooper, Jennifer, Takwoingi, Yemisi, Kandala, Ngianga-Bakwin, Stranges, Saverio and Taylor-Phillips, Sian (2018) Real‐time polymerase chain reaction tests versus antenatal culture tests for the screening of maternal group B Streptococcus colonisation in labour. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, 2018 (5). CD013016. ISSN 1465-1858 ...
http://nrl.northumbria.ac.uk/id/eprint/26967/
Patente US5538871 - In situ polymerase chain reaction - Google PatentesPatente US5538871 - In situ polymerase chain reaction - Google Patentes
Improvements to the in situ polymerase chain reaction (PCR), a process of in vitro enzymatic amplification of specific nucleic acid sequences within the cells where they originate, can be achieved by changing the way that the enzymatic reaction is started. Reaction initiation is delayed until the start of PCR thermal cycling, either by withholding a subset of PCR reagents from the cellular preparation until the preparation has been heated to 50 C. to 80 C., immediately before thermal cycling is begun, or by adding to the PCR reagents a single-stranded DNA binding protein which blocks reaction at temperatures below about 50 C. If the in situ PCR is performed on cellular preparations already attached to a microscope slide, thermal cycling also is facilitated by use of a thermal cycler sample block or compartment designed optimally to hold the microscope slide and any vapor barrier covering the slide.
http://www.google.es/patents/US5538871
Low-level malaria infections detected by a sensitive polymerase chain reaction assay and use of this technique in the...
The feasibility of using a sensitive polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to evaluate malaria vaccines in small group sizes was tested in 102 adult Gambian volunteers who received either the malaria vaccine regimen FP9 ME-TRAP/MVA ME-TRAP or rabies vaccine. All volunteers received the antimalarial drugs primaquine and Lapdap plus artesunate to eliminate malaria parasites. Volunteers in a further group received an additional single treatment with sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine (SP) to prevent new infections. There was substantially lower T-cell immunogenicity than in previous trials with this vaccine regimen and no protection against infection in the malaria vaccine group. Using the primary endpoint of 20 parasites per mL, no difference was found in the prevalence of low-level infections in volunteers who received SP compared with those who did not, indicating that SP did not reduce the incidence of very low-density infection. However, SP markedly reduced the incidence of higher density infections. These findings
https://www.immunology.ox.ac.uk/publications/40289
Genomic Dna Extraction Protocol Phenol Chloroform - Online Lab Science CommunityGenomic Dna Extraction Protocol Phenol Chloroform - Online Lab Science Community
Lab Reagents Dna Extraction Laboratories manufactures the genomic dna extraction protocol phenol chloroform reagents distributed by Genprice. The Genomic Dna Extraction Protocol Phenol Chloroform reagent is RUO (Research Use Only) to test human serum or cell culture lab samples. To purchase these products, for the MSDS, Data Sheet, protocol, storage conditions/temperature or for the concentration, please contact DNA Extraction. Other Genomic products are available in stock. Specificity: Genomic Category: Dna Group: Extraction Protocol. Extraction Protocol information ...
https://www.sigmabioblogs.com/genomic-dna-extraction-protocol-phenol-chloroform/
A novel temperature control method for shortening thermal cycling time to achieve rapid polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in a...A novel temperature control method for shortening thermal cycling time to achieve rapid polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in a...
TY - CONF. T1 - A novel temperature control method for shortening thermal cycling time to achieve rapid polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in a disposable polymer microfluidic device.. AU - Bu, Minqiang. AU - R. Perch-Nielsen, Ivan. AU - Sørensen, Karen Skotte. AU - Skov, Julia AU - Yi, Sun. AU - Bang, Dang Duong. AU - E. Pedersen, Michael AU - Hansen, Mikkel Fougt. AU - Wolff, Anders. PY - 2012. Y1 - 2012. N2 - We present a new temperature control method capable of effectively shortening the thermal cycling time of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in a disposable polymer microfluidic device with external heater and temperature sensor. The method employs optimized temperature overshooting and undershooting steps to achieve a rapid ramping between the temperature steps for DNA denaturation, annealing and extension. The temperature dynamics within the microfluidic PCR chamber was characterized and the overshooting and undershooting parameters were optimized using the temperature dependent ...
https://orbit.dtu.dk/en/publications/a-novel-temperature-control-method-for-shortening-thermal-cycling
Touchdown polymerase chain reaction - WikipediaTouchdown polymerase chain reaction - Wikipedia
The touchdown polymerase chain reaction or touchdown style polymerase chain reaction is a method of polymerase chain reaction by which primers avoid amplifying nonspecific sequences. The annealing temperature during a polymerase chain reaction determines the specificity of primer annealing. The melting point of the primer sets the upper limit on annealing temperature. At temperatures just above this point, only very specific base pairing between the primer and the template will occur. At lower temperatures, the primers bind less specifically. Nonspecific primer binding obscures polymerase chain reaction results, as the nonspecific sequences to which primers anneal in early steps of amplification will swamp out any specific sequences because of the exponential nature of polymerase amplification. The earliest steps of a touchdown polymerase chain reaction cycle have high annealing temperatures. The annealing temperature is decreased in increments for every subsequent set of cycles (the number of ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Touchdown_polymerase_chain_reaction
Global Polymerase Chain Reaction Technologies Market Aanlysis, Growth, Demand, Study and Forecast 2019
[110] Global Polymerase Chain Reaction Technologies market study by product, technology and application. The study provides an in-depth analysis of the market current and future trends.
https://globalreportsstore.com/request-sample/13832
ReP USP - Detalhe do registro: A double-blinded, prospective study to define antigenemia and quantitative real time polymerase...ReP USP - Detalhe do registro: A double-blinded, prospective study to define antigenemia and quantitative real time polymerase...
David-Neto E, Triboni AHK, Paula FJ, Vilas Boas LS, Machado CM, Agena F, Latif AZA, Alencar CS, Pierrotti LC, Nahas WC, Caiaffa-Filho HH, Pannuti CS. A double-blinded, prospective study to define antigenemia and quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction cutoffs to start preemptive therapy in low-risk, seropositive, renal transplanted recipients [Internet]. Clinical and Transplantation Research. 2014 ; 98( 10): 1077-1081.Available from: doi: 10.1097/TP. ...
https://repositorio.usp.br/item/002668254
Europe Real Time Polymerase Chain Reaction (qPCR) Market Analysis By Instrument (7500, Quantstudio Dx, ViiA 7 Dx, StepOne...Europe Real Time Polymerase Chain Reaction (qPCR) Market Analysis By Instrument (7500, Quantstudio Dx, ViiA 7 Dx, StepOne...
Thermal cycler - WikipediaThermal cycler - Wikipedia
The earliest thermal cyclers were designed for use with the Klenow fragment of DNA polymerase I. Since this enzyme is destroyed during each heating step of the amplification process, new enzyme had to be added every cycle. This led to a cumbersome machine based on an automated pipettor, with open reaction tubes. Later, the PCR process was adapted to the use of thermostable DNA polymerase from Thermus aquaticus, which greatly simplified the design of the thermal cycler. While in some old machines the block is submerged in an oil bath to control temperature, in modern PCR machines a Peltier element is commonly used. Quality thermal cyclers often contain silver blocks to achieve fast temperature changes and uniform temperature throughout the block. Other cyclers have multiple blocks with high heat capacity, each of which is kept at a constant temperature, and the reaction tubes are moved between them by means of an automated process. Miniaturized thermal cyclers have been created in which the ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermocycler
Mutations of p53 gene can be detected in the plasma of patients with large bowel carcinoma. | Journal of Clinical PathologyMutations of p53 gene can be detected in the plasma of patients with large bowel carcinoma. | Journal of Clinical Pathology
AIMS: To attempt to detect p53 gene mutations in the plasma of patients with large bowel carcinoma. METHODS: Plasma was collected from 20 control patients with no history of cancer and from 17 patients with large bowel carcinoma. Corresponding tumour and benign lymph node (control) samples for each of the carcinoma patients were obtained from paraffin blocks. A Dukes stage was determined for each tumour. DNA was extracted from the plasma samples and the paraffin embedded tissue using previously described methods. A nested primer polymerase chain reaction protocol was used for the amplification of exons 5 to 8 of the p53 gene. Cold single strand conformational polymorphism (SSCP) was performed on mini gels and silver stained. Abnormal bands were excised, the DNA eluted, and reamplified for automated dye termination sequencing. Any sample showing an apparent mutation was rechecked from the original extracted DNA sample at least three times. RESULTS: p53 gene mutations were not found in the ...
http://jcp.bmj.com/content/51/8/611
Potential bias of fungal 18S rDNA and internal transcribed spacer polymerase chain reaction primers for estimating fungal...Potential bias of fungal 18S rDNA and internal transcribed spacer polymerase chain reaction primers for estimating fungal...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Potential bias of fungal 18S rDNA and internal transcribed spacer polymerase chain reaction primers for estimating fungal biodiversity in soil. AU - Anderson, Ian C. AU - Campbell, C. D.. AU - Prosser, James Ivor. PY - 2003. Y1 - 2003. N2 - Four fungal 18S rDNA and internal transcribed spacer (ITS) polymerase chain reaction (PCR) primer pairs were tested for their specificity towards target fungal DNA in soil DNA extracts, and their ability to assess the diversity of fungal communities in a natural grassland soil was compared. Amplified PCR products were cloned, and approximate to 50 clones from each library were sequenced. Phylogenetic analysis and database searches indicated that each of the sequenced cloned DNA fragments was of fungal origin for each primer pair, with the exception of the sequences generated using the 18S rDNA primers nu-SSU-0817 and nu-SSU-1196, where 35 of the 50 sequenced clones represented soil invertebrates. Although some of the primers have previously ...
https://abdn.pure.elsevier.com/en/publications/potential-bias-of-fungal-18s-rdna-and-internal-transcribed-spacer
Highly sensitive polymerase chain reaction methods show the frequent survival of residual recipient multipotent progenitors...Highly sensitive polymerase chain reaction methods show the frequent survival of residual recipient multipotent progenitors...
Abstract. Twenty-four male patients grafted for various pathologies with the marrow of a female donor and presenting a complete donor-type hematopoiesis when a
https://ashpublications.org/blood/article/84/10/3575/171894/Highly-sensitive-polymerase-chain-reaction-methods
Reference genes for quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction studies in soybean plants under hypoxic conditionsReference genes for quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction studies in soybean plants under hypoxic conditions
Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) is a powerful tool used to measure gene expression. However, because of its high sensitivity, the method is strongly influenced by the quality and concentration of the template cDNA and by the amplification efficiency. Relative quantification is an effective strategy for correcting random and systematic errors by using the expression level of reference gene(s) to normalize the expression level of the genes of interest. To identify soybean reference genes for use in studies of flooding stress, we compared 5 candidate reference genes (CRGs) with the NormFinder and GeNorm programs to select the best internal control. The expression stability of the CRGs was evaluated in root tissues from soybean plants subjected to hypoxic conditions. Elongation factor 1-beta and actin-11 were identified as the most appropriate genes for RT-qPCR normalization by both the NormFinder and GeNorm analyses. The expression profiles of the genes for alcohol ...
http://www.locus.ufv.br/handle/123456789/12041
Jadack, R.A., Yuenger, J., Ghanem, K.G., et al. (2006) Polymerase chain reaction detection of Y-chromosome sequences in vaginal...Jadack, R.A., Yuenger, J., Ghanem, K.G., et al. (2006) Polymerase chain reaction detection of Y-chromosome sequences in vaginal...
Jadack, R.A., Yuenger, J., Ghanem, K.G., et al. (2006) Polymerase chain reaction detection of Y-chromosome sequences in vaginal fluid of women accessing a sexually transmitted disease clinic. Sexually Transmitted Diseases, 33, 22-25. doi10.1097/01.olq.0000194600.83825.81
http://www.scirp.org/reference/ReferencesPapers.aspx?ReferenceID=396788
Atomic force microscopic detection enabling multiplexed low-cycle-number quantitative polymerase chain reaction for biomarker...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Atomic force microscopic detection enabling multiplexed low-cycle-number quantitative polymerase chain reaction for biomarker assays. AU - Mikheikin, Andrey. AU - Olsen, Anita. AU - Leslie, Kevin. AU - Mishra, Bud. AU - Gimzewski, James K.. AU - Reed, Jason. PY - 2014/7/1. Y1 - 2014/7/1. N2 - Quantitative polymerase chain reaction is the current golden standard for quantification of nucleic acids; however, its utility is constrained by an inability to easily and reliably detect multiple targets in a single reaction. We have successfully overcome this problem with a novel combination of two widely used approaches: target-specific multiplex amplification with 15 cycles of polymerase chain reaction (PCR), followed by single-molecule detection of amplicons with atomic force microscopy (AFM). In test experiments comparing the relative expression of ten transcripts in two different human total RNA samples, we find good agreement between our single reaction, multiplexed PCR/AFM data, ...
https://nyu-staging.pure.elsevier.com/en/publications/atomic-force-microscopic-detection-enabling-multiplexed-low-cycle
Estimation of single-nucleotide polymorphism allele frequency by alternately binding probe competitive polymerase chain...
Fingerprint Dive into the research topics of Estimation of single-nucleotide polymorphism allele frequency by alternately binding probe competitive polymerase chain reaction. Together they form a unique fingerprint. ...
https://waseda.pure.elsevier.com/en/publications/estimation-of-single-nucleotide-polymorphism-allele-frequency-by-/fingerprints/
Quantification of the common deletion in human testicular mitochondrial DNA by competitive PCR assay using a chimaeric...Quantification of the common deletion in human testicular mitochondrial DNA by competitive PCR assay using a chimaeric...
The common 4977 by deletion in mitochondrial DNA (Δ4977) is commonly used as an indicator of tissue deterioration in ageing and bioenergetic diseases. Deletion levels are normally measured by a serial dilution polymerase chain reaction (PCR) approach, where test reactions are compared with dilutions of control amplifications of DNA from a similar sized stable region of the mitochondrial genome. The end-point of this assay is the dilution that can just detect any PCR product; however, this is an inherently unstable measure. We constructed a chimaeric DNA construct that binds to both control and deletion primers with similar annealing properties. This was used in a competitive PCR assay to quantify Δ4977 in human testicular tissues that had been well-characterized using the serial dilution approach. We found the competitive assay to be highly replicable as it compares the PCR product of the construct with that of test DNA samples during the linear growth phase of the PCR reaction. Moreover, ...
http://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/id/eprint/17179/
Identification of Staphylococci by Polymerase Chain Reaction Directly from a Positive Blood Culture and Effect on Patient Care ...Identification of Staphylococci by Polymerase Chain Reaction Directly from a Positive Blood Culture and Effect on Patient Care ...
Background: As one of the most common bloodstream infections worldwide, Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia places a major burden on health care. Implementation of a rapid, genetic-based diagnostic test may have important implications in the clinical management of patients with S. aureus bacteremia.. Objectives: The primary objective was to assess concordance between testing based on polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and the current gold standard, culture and sensitivity testing; the secondary objective was to assess the impact of this technology on patient care.. Methods: A pre-post intervention retrospective chart review was used to document the hospital course of patients with a diagnosis of S. aureus bacteremia before and after implementation of the PCR-based diagnostic system. Laboratory results from all patient samples subjected to PCR-based analysis following implementation of this system were compared with culture and sensitivity data for the same samples to determine accuracy of the new ...
https://cjhp-online.ca/index.php/cjhp/article/view/3039
Identification of Staphylococci by Polymerase Chain Reaction Directly from a Positive Blood Culture and Effect on Patient Care ...Identification of Staphylococci by Polymerase Chain Reaction Directly from a Positive Blood Culture and Effect on Patient Care ...
Background: As one of the most common bloodstream infections worldwide, Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia places a major burden on health care. Implementation of a rapid, genetic-based diagnostic test may have important implications in the clinical management of patients with S. aureus bacteremia.. Objectives: The primary objective was to assess concordance between testing based on polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and the current gold standard, culture and sensitivity testing; the secondary objective was to assess the impact of this technology on patient care.. Methods: A pre-post intervention retrospective chart review was used to document the hospital course of patients with a diagnosis of S. aureus bacteremia before and after implementation of the PCR-based diagnostic system. Laboratory results from all patient samples subjected to PCR-based analysis following implementation of this system were compared with culture and sensitivity data for the same samples to determine accuracy of the new ...
https://www.cjhp-online.ca/index.php/cjhp/article/view/3039/version/2990
Magnetic Beads Genomic DNA Extraction Kit (Blood) MB048/MB096 | GeneaidMagnetic Beads Genomic DNA Extraction Kit (Blood) MB048/MB096 | Geneaid
The Magnetic Beads Genomic DNA Extraction Kit Blood was designed specifically for efficient genomic DNA purification from blood and buffy coat. DNA is bound to the surface of the magnetic beads and released using a proprietary buffer system.
http://www.geneaid.com/products/target-sample/blood/magnetic-beads-blood-dna-extraction-kit
Polymerase chain reaction
Understand how the DNA polymerase chain reaction works and is used in forensic science. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) can be used in disease diagnosis, for example the diagnosis of avian influenza (bird flu)
https://www.abpischools.org.uk/topic/polymerase-chain-reaction/1/1
Detection of human papillomavirus type 16 DNA sequences in archival cervical tissues by the polymerase chain reaction. -...
We have evaluated the polymerase chain reaction for the detection of viral DNA sequences in paraffin-embedded archival tissues. In 63 frozen cervical biopsy specimens that were taken from premalignant and invasive lesions, Southern blotting detected human papillomavirus (HPV) type 16 DNA in 28 (44%) of the samples. In the polymerase chain reaction analysis of the formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded mirror biopsy specimens, 46 (73%) of the tissues were found to be positive for HPV type 16. In three Southern blotting-positive cases, the DNA of the paraffin-embedded sections was too scant or too degraded to allow the detection of HPV DNA by the polymerase chain reaction. In 21 Southern blotting-negative cases, HPV type 16 DNA could be demonstrated in the archival sections by the polymerase chain reaction technique--a sensitivity improvement of more than 80% over the standard method of HPV detection in tissues.
https://www.ndcn.ox.ac.uk/publications/68345
Journal of Current Medical Research and Practice - Prolactin level in patients with first-episode psychosis : Download PDF
This is a temporary file and hence do not link it from a website, instead link the URL of this page if you wish to link the PDF file ...
http://jcmrp.eg.net/downloadpdf.asp?issn=2357-0121
신개념 Genomic DNA 추출 키트- MagListoTM 5M Plant Genomic DNA Extraction Kit from Bioneer신개념 Genomic DNA 추출 키트- MagListoTM 5M Plant Genomic DNA Extraction Kit from Bioneer
MagListoTM 5M Plant Genomic DNA Extraction Kit 는 magnetic nano bead와 MagListoTM를 이용하여 Plant sample (leaf, root, seed) 에서 Genomic DNA를 빠르게 추출할 수 있는 획기적인 제품입니다. Magnetic nano bead와 자석을 이용해 세포 분쇄물 중 Genomic DNA만을 분리시키고 농축 및 정제하는 과정을 거치기 때문에 원심분리기를 사용하는 방법에 비해 빠르게 DNA를 분리 할 수 있습니다. 본 제품은 mini, midi, maxi scale의 prep을 위해 별도의 kit를 구매하지 않고 한 가지의 kit를 이용해 모두 prep 할 수 있으며 midi나 maxi prep을 위해 별도의 vacuum system이나 air pressure system을 구비 할 필요가 없는 것이 장점입니다.
http://www.bioneer.co.kr/products/DNARNAPrep/5MPlantGenomicDNAExtractionKit-overview.aspx
Cy0 - A new method in Real-Time PCR quantification - Cy0 - About us ...
Cy0 is a new method in Real-time polymerase chain reaction quantification (PCR) analysis that does not require the assumption of equal efficiency between unknowns and standard curve.
https://www.cy0method.org/about_us/about_us.php
Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) Products Market Size 2020 SWOT Analysis, Top Countries Data, Defination, Market Share, Growth...
The study of Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) Products market is a compilation of the market of Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) Products broken down into its entirety on the basis of types, application, trends and opportunities, mergers and acquisitions, drivers and restraints, and a global outreach. The detailed study also offers a board interpretation of the Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) Products industry from a variety of data points that are collected through reputable and verified sources. Furthermore, the study sheds a lights on a market interpretations on a global scale which is further distributed through distribution channels, generated incomes sources and a marginalized market space where most trade occurs.. Along with a generalized market study, the report also consists of the risks that are often neglected when it comes to the Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) Products industry in a comprehensive manner. The study is also divided in an analytical space where the forecast is predicted ...
https://dsportstimes.com/2020/09/21/polymerase-chain-reaction-pcr-products-market-size-2020-swot-analysis-top-countries-data-defination-market-share-growth-factors-segmentation-and-forecast-to-2026/
Polymerase Chain Reaction Methods And ApplicationPolymerase Chain Reaction Methods And Application
Polymerase chain reaction IPFS - polymerase chain reaction the many methods now used to rapid and widespread application as the polymerase chain reaction
https://hochregal.net/bunjil/polymerase-chain-reaction-methods-and-application.php
Kontaktformular - SensoQuest GmbHKontaktformular - SensoQuest GmbH
Genbanken, Genome Editing, Multiplex PCR, Thermoblock, Thermoblöcke, Real Time PCR Auswertung, Real Time PCR Prinzip, Multiplex PCR, Gentypisierung, PCR Workstation, Hot Start PCR, PCR Tubes, Gentypisierung, PCR workstation, hot start PCR, PCR Tubes, dna polymerase funktion, annealing temperature berechnen, PCR youtube, youtube PCR, Thermocycler kaufen, Thermocycler Preis, Labcycler SensoQuest, SensoQuest Labcycler Gradient, Unterschied PCR und Real Time PCR, Labcycler, Labcycler, Thermocycler, Labcycler Basic, Labcycler Gradient, Labcycler 48, Labcycler 48s, Labcycler 192s, Thermocycler Funktionsweise, Thermocycler 48, SensoQuest, PCR-Block, PCR und Real-Time PCR, Thermocycler 48, SensoQuest, Thermocycler, Thermocycler 48, SensoQuest, genotyping, genotyping by sequencing, SNP genotyping, PCR genotyping, HLA genotyping, PCR genotypisierung, multiplex Genotyping, DNA polymerase, Taq polymerase, Pfu polymerase, Tfl polymerase, annealing temperature, kod polymerase, deep vent polymerase, vent ...
https://www.sensoquest.de/kontaktformular/
Nasal swab samples and real-time polymerase chain reaction assays in community-based, longitudinal studies of respiratory...Nasal swab samples and real-time polymerase chain reaction assays in community-based, longitudinal studies of respiratory...
Background Carefully conducted, community-based, longitudinal studies are required to gain further understanding of the nature and timing of respiratory viruses causing infections in the population. However, such studies pose unique challenges for field specimen collection, including as we have observed the appearance of mould in some nasal swab specimens. We therefore investigated the impact of sample collection quality and the presence of visible mould in samples upon respiratory virus detection by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays. Methods Anterior nasal swab samples were collected from infants participating in an ongoing community-based, longitudinal, dynamic birth cohort study. The samples were first collected from each infant shortly after birth and weekly thereafter. They were then mailed to the laboratory where they were catalogued, stored at -80àand later screened by PCR for 17 respiratory viruses. The quality of specimen collection was assessed by screening for human ...
https://research-repository.griffith.edu.au/handle/10072/62333
Rapid detection of CYP2C18 genotypes by real-time fluorescence polymerase chain reaction<...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Rapid detection of CYP2C18 genotypes by real-time fluorescence polymerase chain reaction. AU - Mizugaki, Michinao. AU - Hiratsuka, Masahiro. AU - Agatsuma, Yasuyuki. AU - Matsubara, Yoichi. AU - Fujii, Kunihiro. AU - Kure, Shigeo. AU - Narisawa, Kuniaki. PY - 2000/2. Y1 - 2000/2. N2 - In man, CYP2C19, a liver enzyme, plays an important role in the metabolism of several drugs. Mutation of the CYP2C19 gene results in a poor metaboliser phenotype. S-Mephenytoin hydroxylation genetic polymorphism is due to two mutations of the CYP2C19 gene, namely CYP2C19*2, located in exon 5, and CYP2C19*3, located in exon 4. CYP2C18 is also polymorphically expressed. The mutant alleles of this enzyme are CYP2C18ml, located in exon 2 and CYP2C18m2, located in the 5-flanking region. We have developed an allele-specific TaqMan polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay with which to detect CYP2C18 mutant alleles. This assay combines hybridization of the TaqMan probe and allele-specific amplification ...
https://tohoku.pure.elsevier.com/en/publications/rapid-detection-of-cyp2c18-genotypes-by-real-time-fluorescence-po
SARS-CoV-2 droplet digital polymerase chain reaction testSARS-CoV-2 droplet digital polymerase chain reaction test
Bio-Rad provides a wide range of products for use in the support of COVID-19 diagnosis and confirmation, and offers a suite of molecular testing tools including Droplet Digital PCR (ddPCR) systems and the SARS-CoV-2 ddPCR test kit.. While real-time PCR provides an accessible, high-throughput option, the high sensitivity of ddPCR makes it well suited for screening samples in patients, providing the precision needed to resolve indeterminate test results ...
https://pathologyinpractice.com/story/33080/sars-cov-2-droplet-digital-polymerase-chain-reaction-test
The Bio-Rad Droplet Digital PCR Publications DatabaseThe Bio-Rad Droplet Digital PCR Publications Database
The introduction of digital PCR (dPCR) represented a paradigm shift in the field of quantitative polymerase chain reaction technology. Bio-Rad brought digital PCR to another level with the introduction of the revolutionary Droplet Digital PCR (ddPCR) technology. Today, with more than 3800 published studies and growing, nowhere is the power of Droplet Digital PCR technology further apparent than Bio-Rads expansive ddPCR Publications Database.
https://www.labx.com/resources/the-bio-rad-droplet-digital-pcr-publications-database/243
Monitoring NF-kappa B transactivation potential via real-time PCR quantification of I kappa B-alpha gene expressionMonitoring NF-kappa B transactivation potential via real-time PCR quantification of I kappa B-alpha gene expression
The real-time PCR measure of I kappa B-alpha mRNA levels is a rapid, sensitive, and powerful method to quantify the transcriptional power of NF-kappa B. It can be easily used for clinical evaluation of NF-kappa B status.
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15068390/?dopt=Abstract
Global Digital Polymerase Chain Reaction (dPCR) Market (Technology, Type, Application, End User and Geography) - Size, Share,...
Digital Polymerase Chain Reaction (dPCR) is an advancement of traditional polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The traditional PCR with its limited precision and accuracy often fail to amplify small samples of nucleic acid to a detectable level. This has evoked a need of better techniques to assess the minute quantities of DNA or RNA. dPCR is more sensitive and reliable technique with improved ability to quantify the absolute amount of nucleic acid. It divides the sample into large number of fragments, each containing either one or no template nucleic acid sequence. After DNA amplification, scoring is done with the help of fluorescence, counting the score as positive for the fraction containing template sequence and negative for the sample without the template sequence. The major factors driving the global digital polymerase chain reaction market are increasing demand for innovative diagnostic techniques, increasing disease awareness, need for early diagnosis of viral, infectious and genetic ...
https://www.bigmarketresearch.com/digital-polymerase-chain-reaction-dpcr-market
Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) Market 2020 : Bio-Rad Laboratories, Abbott Laboratories, QIAGEN, Agilent Technologies, Inc.,...
This ready-to-refer market intelligence report on global Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) market entails a detailed analysis of the industrial ecosystem, followed by a highly reliable segment overview evaluated on multi-factor analysis, market size and dimensions in terms of volumetric gains and returns.. Get sample copy of Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) Market report @ https://www.orbispharmareports.com/sample-request/78970. Competitive Landscape Detailed Analysis: * Followed by constant and thorough research initiatives in data unraveling process pertaining to global Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) market, stringent curation processes have been directed to understand growth prognosis and development spanning across regional hubs and their respective performance and evaluation in terms of various macro and micro elements that decide further growth prognosis in global Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) market ...
https://murphyshockeylaw.net/uncategorized/756/polymerase-chain-reaction-pcr-market-2020-bio-rad-laboratories-abbott-laboratories-qiagen-agilent-technologies-inc-thermo-fischer-scientific-affymetrix-inc/
High Pure PCR Template Preparation Kit from Roche Applied Science - a member of the Roche Group | SelectScienceHigh Pure PCR Template Preparation Kit from Roche Applied Science - a member of the Roche Group | SelectScience
Read independent reviews on High Pure PCR Template Preparation Kit from Roche Applied Science - a member of the Roche Group on SelectScience
http://www.selectscience.net/products/high-pure-pcr-template-preparation-kit/?prodID=79910&u=B744CF33-960E-4CF0-884A-F0D2E9CA453D&techBID=214
OPUS 4 | SearchOPUS 4 | Search
Background: Here we examined myocardial microRNA (miRNA) expression profile in a sensory neuropathy model with cardiac diastolic dysfunction and aimed to identify key mRNA molecular targets of the differentially expressed miRNAs that may contribute to cardiac dysfunction. Methods: Male Wistar rats were treated with vehicle or capsaicin for 3 days to induce systemic sensory neuropathy. Seven days later, diastolic dysfunction was detected by echocardiography, and miRNAs were isolated from the whole ventricles. Results: Out of 711 known miRNAs measured by miRNA microarray, the expression of 257 miRNAs was detected in the heart. As compared to vehicle-treated hearts, miR-344b, miR-466b, miR-98, let-7a, miR-1, miR-206, and miR-34b were downregulated, while miR-181a was upregulated as validated also by quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). By an in silico network analysis, we identified common mRNA targets (insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1), solute carrier family 2 facilitated ...
http://publikationen.ub.uni-frankfurt.de/solrsearch/index/search/searchtype/authorsearch/author/%22Luca+Mendler%22/start/0/rows/10/sortfield/author/sortorder/desc
polymerase chain reaction steps
This provides single-stranded template for the next step temperature is remain about 94 -98°C. Repeated cycles of denaturation, primer annealling and extension carried out with the heat stable enzyme, Taq polymerase, leads to exponential increases in the target DNA sequences. And this is the sketch for the polymerase chain reaction. This process uses an enzyme derived from heat-resistant bacteria. 3.7. 1. heat to denature proteins (denaturation) ~98C 2. cool to anneal primers (short … By using this method you can amplify any region of gene which you want. Performing a Polymerase Chain Reaction 3. Scientist found T. aquaticus which lived in hot springs its DNA is most active at 70 degree thats way its DNA is most stable and become suitable enzyme for PCR used. Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) is a laboratory technique combining reverse transcription of RNA into DNA (in this context called complementary DNA or cDNA) and amplification of specific DNA targets using ...
http://tomkoinc.com/cumberland-blues-polol/polymerase-chain-reaction-steps-a64150
Performance of MiniPCR<sup>TM</sup> mini8, a portable thermal cycler |...Performance of MiniPCR<sup>TM</sup> mini8, a portable thermal cycler |...
Performance of MiniPCRTM mini8, a portable thermal cycler - MiniPCRTM mini8 Thermal Cycler;GeneAmp®PCR system 9700;performance;STR multiplex kits;mtDNA HV1/HV2;
http://www.koreascience.or.kr/article/ArticleFullRecord.jsp?cn=BGHHBN_2016_v29n2_79
Browsing Research Output by Subject Real‐time polymerase chain reactionBrowsing Research Output by Subject Real‐time polymerase chain reaction
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is associated with dysfunctional serotonergic and glutamatergic neurotransmission, and the genetic animal model of depression Flinders Sensitive Line (FSL) rats display alterations in these ...
https://dspace.nwu.ac.za/handle/10394/1865/browse?type=subject&value=Real%E2%80%90time+polymerase+chain+reaction
Search of: 17659311 [PUBMED-IDS] - List Results - ClinicalTrials.govSearch of: 17659311 [PUBMED-IDS] - List Results - ClinicalTrials.gov
prevalence of falciparum malaria measured by qPCR (quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction), 12 months after the first administration of treatment with dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine and primaquine. (1017-13 and 23-15 ...
https://clinicaltrials.gov/search/term=17659311%20%5BPUBMED-IDS%5D
Used Bio-Rad T100 Thermal Cycler (202-9498) | PCR Thermal Cycler | Molecular Biology | BioSurplus
Price: $2699.00; Manufacturer: Bio-Rad; Item ID: 2029498; Warranty: 30-Day Money-Back Guarantee; Description: The Bio-Rad T100 is a compact thermal cycler perfect for laboratories with limited bench
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PCR Thermal Cycler Testing Kits | Mandel ScientificPCR Thermal Cycler Testing Kits | Mandel Scientific
Is your Thermal Cycler heating and cooling properly? Achieving and maintaining the pre-programmed temperature? Giving uniform performance across the whole block? Gel Company offers Thermocycle Testing Kits which contain all the reagents needed for quick and easy performance testing on your Thermal Cycler. ...
https://www.mandel.ca/catalog/lifesci/lifescimolec/lifescimolecpcr/lifescimolecpcrthermalcyclerstest
TC-412 Thermal Cycler from Barloworld Scientific LtdTC-412 Thermal Cycler from Barloworld Scientific Ltd
TC-412 Thermal Cycler from Barloworld Scientific Ltd,The new TC-412 thermal cycler, flexible on your protocols, easy on your budget. ,The TC-412 is a high performance, high sample throughput instrument at a highly affordable price. ,,Key Features: , Flexible block format: The truly user-friendly fully interchangeable block sys,biological,biology supply,biology supplies,biology product
http://bio-medicine.org/biology-products/TC-412-Thermal-Cycler-from-Barloworld-Scientific-Ltd-1675-1/
Esco | Spectrum 48 Real Time Thermal CyclersEsco | Spectrum 48 Real Time Thermal Cyclers
Discover Swift Spectrum 48 Thermal Cycler, an advanced real-time thermal cycler, which uses diode activation, PMT detection and a proprietary Peltier block design.
http://www.escoglobal.com.ph/product/conventional-thermal-cyclers/spectrum-48-real-time-thermal-cyclers/spt-rt/
A multiplex polymerase chain reaction protocol for the simultaneous analysis of the glutathione S-transferase GSTM1 and GSTT1...A multiplex polymerase chain reaction protocol for the simultaneous analysis of the glutathione S-transferase GSTM1 and GSTT1...
A multiplex polymerase chain reaction protocol for the simultaneous analysis of the glutathione S-transferase GSTM1 and GSTT1 polymorphisms
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8619490/?dopt=Abstract
Use of 16S ribosomal DNA polymerase chain reaction to identify Haemophilus influenzae type B as the etiology of pericarditis in...Use of 16S ribosomal DNA polymerase chain reaction to identify Haemophilus influenzae type B as the etiology of pericarditis in...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Use of 16S ribosomal DNA polymerase chain reaction to identify Haemophilus influenzae type B as the etiology of pericarditis in an infant [5]. AU - Benson, Crystal. AU - Gantt, Soren. AU - Zerr, Danielle M.. AU - Qin, Xuan. AU - Abe, Patrick. N1 - Copyright: Copyright 2008 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.. PY - 2005/3. Y1 - 2005/3. UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=14944360668&partnerID=8YFLogxK. UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/citedby.url?scp=14944360668&partnerID=8YFLogxK. U2 - 10.1097/01.inf.0000154593.22356.e2. DO - 10.1097/01.inf.0000154593.22356.e2. M3 - Letter. C2 - 15750478. AN - SCOPUS:14944360668. VL - 24. SP - 287. EP - 288. JO - Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal. JF - Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal. SN - 0891-3668. IS - 3. ER - ...
https://ohsu.pure.elsevier.com/en/publications/use-of-16s-ribosomal-dna-polymerase-chain-reaction-to-identify-ha
A Simple Polymerase Chain Reaction-Based Method for the Construction of Recombinase-Mediated Cassette Exchange Donor Vectors |...A Simple Polymerase Chain Reaction-Based Method for the Construction of Recombinase-Mediated Cassette Exchange Donor Vectors |...
For our initial test, we constructed the donor vector pBS-yin(B40XC), consisting of an intronless yellow gene flanked by inverted attB40 sites in the plasmid pBluescript (pBS). In constructing this donor, we subcloned the attB40 sites using complementary oligonucleotides with overhanging sticky ends that permitted ligation with restriction sites in pBS. We then used pBS-yin(B40XC) as a donor vector for RMCE via two methods. First, we co-injected the vector and mRNA encoding the ΦC31 integrase into embryos homozygous for an RMCE target in a yellow− white− background as described previously (Bateman et al. 2006). Among the progeny of surviving injectees, we were able to detect flies that had lost the white+ eye color produced by the mini-white gene in the target cassette and had gained yellow+ pigmentation, consistent with successful RMCE integration events. Although rates of integration by this method were relatively low (2-11%), they were consistent with control experiments using the ...
https://www.genetics.org/content/180/3/1763?ijkey=3dd8de82d7cdfa84646f4a7649963517164912c8&keytype2=tf_ipsecsha
Get PDF - Development of a nested polymerase chain reaction test for the diagnosis of transmissible gastroenteritis of pigsGet PDF - Development of a nested polymerase chain reaction test for the diagnosis of transmissible gastroenteritis of pigs
Rodríguez, E.; Betancourt, A.; Relova, D.; Lee, C.; Yoo, D.; Barrera, M., 2012: Development of a nested polymerase chain reaction test for the diagnosis of transmissible gastroenteritis of pigs
https://eurekamag.com/research/052/554/052554165.php
Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) method for...Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) method for...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) method for monitoring highly conserved transgene expression during gene therapy. AU - Bruzzone, Carol M.. AU - Belcher, John D.. AU - Schuld, Nathan J.. AU - Newman, Kristal A.. AU - Vineyard, Julie. AU - Nguyen, Julia. AU - Chen, Chunsheng. AU - Beckman, Joan D.. AU - Steer, Clifford J.. AU - Vercellotti, Gregory M.. PY - 2008/12. Y1 - 2008/12. N2 - Evaluation of the transfer efficiency of a rat heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) transgene into mice requires differentiation of rat and mouse HO-1. However, rat and mouse HO-1 have 94% homology; antibodies and enzyme activity cannot adequately distinguish HO-1. We designed a quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) method to monitor HO-1 transcription relative to a housekeeping gene, GAPDH. The ratio of rat and mouse HO-1 mRNA could be estimated through restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis of the PCR ...
https://experts.umn.edu/en/publications/quantitative-real-time-polymerase-chain-reaction-qrt-pcr-restrict
Repositorio da Producao Cientifica e Intelectual da Unicamp: Development of cycling probe-based real-time PCR system to detect...Repositorio da Producao Cientifica e Intelectual da Unicamp: Development of cycling probe-based real-time PCR system to detect...
In the present study, we developed a new real-time PCR system based on the cycling probe technology (CPT), which is composed of two single tube real-time PCR assays: the Fusarium genus-specific assay and the Fusanum solani species complex (FSSC)-specific assay with primers targeting the 28s ribosomal RNA gene. The Fusanum genus-specific assay was shown to be highly specific, detecting all reference Fusarium strains with no cross-reaction with other reference fungal strains, such as Aspergillus spp. and human DNA. The FSSC-specific assay also reacted very specifically with FSSC, except for a cross-reaction with Fusarium lunatum. To validate the real-time PCR system, we tested 87 clinical isolates of Fusarium spp. Identification results from the real-time PCR system were found to be 100% concordant with those from DNA sequencing of EF-1 alpha gene. The sensitivity testing also demonstrated high sensitivity, enabling detection of one copy of standard DNA with good reproducibility. Furthermore, both ...
http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/61595
Prevalence of and Risk Factors for Anal Oncogenic Human Papillomavirus Infection Among HIV-Infected Women in France in the...
Background. Little is known about the type-specific prevalence of anal human papillomavirus (HPV) infection and risk factors for anal high-risk (HR) HPV infection in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected women. Methods. A cross-sectional study of anal and cervical HPV infection was nested within a gynecological cohort of HIV-infected women. Specimens were tested for type-specific DNA using a polymerase chain reaction-based assay. Results. The study population consisted of 311 women with a median age of 45.3 years, of whom 42.8% originated from sub-Saharan Africa and 96.8% were receiving combination antiretroviral therapy. The median CD4 + cell count was 612/μL, and the HIV load was |50 copies/mL in 84.1%. HR-HPV types were detected in the anal canal in 148 women (47.6%) and in the cervix in 82 (26.4%). HPV-16 was the most prevalent type in both the anal canal (13.2% of women) and the cervix (5.1%). In multivariable analysis, factors associated with prevalent anal HR-HPV infection were CD4 + count
https://www.hal.inserm.fr/inserm-01994663
TPMT | Cancer Genetics Web
Thiopurine S-methyltransferase (TPMT) is an enzyme that converts thiopurine drugs into inactive metabolites. It is now well established that interindividual variation in sensitivity to thiopurines can be the result of the presence of genetic polymorphisms in the TPMT gene. The aim of this study was to determine the frequency and type of TPMT polymorphisms in the population of Serbia and Montenegro and to assess its relevance in the management of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). Blood samples from 100 healthy adults and 100 children with ALL were analyzed for common mutations in the TPMT gene using polymerase chain reaction-based assays. The results revealed that allelic frequencies were 0.2% for TPMT*2, 3.2% for TPMT*3A, and 0.5% for TPMT*3B. A rare TPMT*3B allele was detected in 2 families. No TPMT*3C allele was found. The general pattern of TPMT-variant allele distribution as well as their frequencies in the population of Serbia and Montenegro, is similar to those determined for ...
http://www.cancerindex.org/geneweb/TPMT.htm
Global preamplification simplifies targeted mRNA quantification | Scientific ReportsGlobal preamplification simplifies targeted mRNA quantification | Scientific Reports
The need to perform gene expression profiling using next generation sequencing and quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) on small sample sizes and single cells is rapidly expanding. However, to analyse few molecules, preamplification is required. Here, we studied global and target-specific preamplification using 96 optimised qPCR assays. To evaluate the preamplification strategies, we monitored the reactions in real-time using SYBR Green I detection chemistry followed by melting curve analysis. Next, we compared yield and reproducibility of global preamplification to that of target-specific preamplification by qPCR using the same amount of total RNA. Global preamplification generated 9.3-fold lower yield and 1.6-fold lower reproducibility than target-specific preamplification. However, the performance of global preamplification is sufficient for most downstream applications and offers several advantages over target-specific preamplification. To demonstrate the potential of global preamplification we
https://www.nature.com/articles/srep45219?error=cookies_not_supported&code=4d67f75c-f8eb-4aa8-a5e7-2f0b227f291d
Differential Expression of the Multigene Family Encoding the Soybean Mitochondrial Alternative Oxidase | Plant PhysiologyDifferential Expression of the Multigene Family Encoding the Soybean Mitochondrial Alternative Oxidase | Plant Physiology
The alternative oxidase (AOX) of the soybean (Glycine max L.) inner mitochondrial membrane is encoded by a multigene family (Aox) with three known members. Here, the Aox2 and Aox3 primary translation products, deduced from cDNA analysis, were found to be 38.1 and 36.4 kD, respectively. Direct N-terminal sequencing of partially purified AOX from cotyledons demonstrates that the mature proteins are 31.8 and 31.6 kD, respectively, implying that processing occurs upon import of these proteins into the mitochondrion. Sequence comparisons show that the processing of plant AOX proteins occurs at a characteristic site and that the AOX2 and AOX3 proteins are more similar to one another than to other AOX proteins, including soybean AOX1. Transcript analysis using a polymerase chain reaction-based assay in conjunction with immunoblot experiments indicates that soybean Aox genes are differentially expressed in a tissue-dependent manner. Moreover, the relative abundance of both Aox2 transcripts and protein ...
http://www.plantphysiol.org/content/114/2/455?ijkey=47ef2db716bd80842d9cbc645ed03e0ccc6837fd&keytype2=tf_ipsecsha
BIO-410 Molecular Biology Techniques I (4.00)BIO-410 Molecular Biology Techniques I (4.00)
BIO-410 Molecular Biology Techniques I (4.00). Introduces modern molecular biology techniques utilizing nucleic acids (DNA and RNA). Includes nucleic acid purification, quantitation, cloning and restriction enzyme digests. Advanced techniques include Southern and Northern analysis, polymerase chain reaction (PCR), real-time PCR and DNA sequencing. Stresses proficiency in techniques and proper analysis of results. Lab included. Credits: 4, Hours: (1/6/0/0), Arts & Sciences Elective Code: B. ...
http://www.kirkwood.edu/catalog/current/bio-410-molecular-biology-techniques-i-400.htm
Development and validation of real-time polymerase chain reaction assays specific to four species of Eimeria - RVC Research...Development and validation of real-time polymerase chain reaction assays specific to four species of Eimeria - RVC Research...
Blake, D P and Qin, Z and Cai, J and Smith, A L (2008) Development and validation of real-time polymerase chain reaction assays specific to four species of Eimeria. Avian Pathology, 37 (1). pp. 89-94. Full text not available from this repository ...
https://researchonline.rvc.ac.uk/id/eprint/3627/
Species-specific polymerase chain reaction primers for simple detection of Bursaphelenchus fraudulentus (Nematoda:...Species-specific polymerase chain reaction primers for simple detection of Bursaphelenchus fraudulentus (Nematoda:...
Affiliations: 1: Department of Biological Pest Control and Quarantine, Institute of Plant Protection, Wladyslawa Wegorka 20, Poznan, 60-318, Poland;, Email: [email protected]; 2: Department of Biological Pest Control and Quarantine, Institute of Plant Protection, Wladyslawa Wegorka 20, Poznan, 60-318, Poland, Department of Genetics, University of Valencia, Dr. Moliner 50, 46-100, Burjassot, Spain; 3: Department of Biological Pest Control and Quarantine, Institute of Plant Protection, Wladyslawa Wegorka 20, Poznan, 60-318, Poland ...
http://booksandjournals.brillonline.com/content/journals/10.1163/138855409x12469543767319
Genomic Changes of the 55 kDa Subunit of DNA Polymerase ε in Human Breast Cancer | Cancer Genomics & ProteomicsGenomic Changes of the 55 kDa Subunit of DNA Polymerase ε in Human Breast Cancer | Cancer Genomics & Proteomics
Background: DNA polymerases (Pols) represent potential candidates for cancer genes because of their central functions in DNA metabolism. Defects of some DNA Pols have shown cancer associations, but data on DNA polymerase (Pol) ε is limited. Materials and Methods: Twenty-four human breast cancer DNA samples and four control DNA samples were examined for possible mutation in the entire coding region of the 55 kDa small subunit of the human DNA Pol ε gene using polymerase chain reaction-single strand conformation polymorphism (PCR-SSCP) analysis of the DNA and sequence analysis. In addition, 20 control DNAs were studied with PCR-SSCP for the end of intron 18 and exon 19 region. Results: An AATT deletion was found at one location in intron 18 in 2 out of the 24 breast cancer cases (8%), but in none of the control cases. In addition, a single base transition was found in the cancer DNAs in intron 14, but the same changes were also found in the control DNAs, suggesting polymorphism. Conclusion: ...
https://cgp.iiarjournals.org/content/5/5/287?ijkey=0ff30990d1b5a6cb41815bee870d0e31e21379b9&keytype2=tf_ipsecsha
A case of simultaneous multiple gastric cancers with p53 gene mutation.<...
TY - JOUR. T1 - A case of simultaneous multiple gastric cancers with p53 gene mutation.. AU - Lin, S. Y.. AU - Lee, M. D.. AU - Wang, C. K.. AU - Chen, Y. J.. AU - Chang, J. G.. PY - 1994/1. Y1 - 1994/1. N2 - Simultaneous multiple gastric cancers are rarely observed in clinical practice, and its association with p53 gene mutation has not been mentioned in any previous reports. We report a case of advanced gastric cancer with two primary lesions in the stomach who received total gastrectomy. Tumor and surrounding normal tissues from the surgical specimen were studied by using polymerase chain reaction-single strand conformation polymorphism analysis, restriction enzyme digestion method and direct sequencing. Point mutations of p53 gene at codon 248 (CGG--,TGG) were found in both primary tumor foci. The patient developed cancerous peritonitis eight months after the operation and expired six months later. This report suggests that p53 gene mutation can occur at an earlier stage in the tumorigenesis ...
https://tmu.pure.elsevier.com/en/publications/a-case-of-simultaneous-multiple-gastric-cancers-with-p53-gene-mut
Reagent Guide. Applied Biosystems StepOne and StepOnePlus Real-Time PCR Systems - PDFReagent Guide. Applied Biosystems StepOne and StepOnePlus Real-Time PCR Systems - PDF
Reagent Guide Applied Biosystems StepOne and StepOnePlus Real-Time PCR Systems Applied Biosystems StepOne and StepOnePlus Real-Time PCR Systems Reagent Guide Copyright 2008, 2010 Applied Biosystems. All
http://docplayer.net/388102-Reagent-guide-applied-biosystems-stepone-and-steponeplus-real-time-pcr-systems.html
An accurate and rapid gender determination assay in single cells by the capillary polymerase chain reaction method<...
TY - JOUR. T1 - An accurate and rapid gender determination assay in single cells by the capillary polymerase chain reaction method. AU - Hashiba, Tsuyoshi. AU - Sueoka, Kou. AU - Kuroshima, Masako. AU - Asada, Hironori. AU - Kuji, Naoaki. AU - Yoshimura, Yasunori. N1 - Copyright: Copyright 2007 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.. PY - 1999. Y1 - 1999. N2 - Purpose: In preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD), a rapid and accurate assay has been required. We have therefore developed a capillary palymerase chain reaction (PCR) method using rapid thermal cycling programs to determine the gender of single amniocytes. Methods: Single amniocytes from each amniotic fluid sample were isolated by micromanipulation and their gender was determined by a multiplex PCR assay in a capillary tube, using primers that amplify a 308-bp DXZI and a 154-bp DYZI repeat sequence on the X and Y chromosomes, respectively. Results: All four thermal cycling programs, which took 180, 150, 120, and 90 min, were 100% accurate ...
https://keio.pure.elsevier.com/en/publications/an-accurate-and-rapid-gender-determination-assay-in-single-cells-
Table 2 - Spoligotyping and Mycobacterium tuberculosis - Volume 11, Number 8-August 2005 - Emerging Infectious Disease journal ...
We evaluated the clinical usefulness of spoligotyping, a polymerase chain reaction-based method for simultaneous detection and typing of Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains, with acid-fast bacilli-positive slides from clinical specimens or mycobacterial cultures. Overall sensitivity and specificity were 97% and 95% for the detection of M. tuberculosis and 98% and 96% when used with clinical specimens. Laboratory turnaround time of spoligotyping was less than that for culture identification by a median of 20 days. In comparison with IS6110-based restriction fragment length polymorphism typing, spoligotyping overestimated the number of isolates with identical DNA fingerprints by ≈50%, but showed a 100% negative predictive value. Spoligotyping resulted in the modification of ongoing antimycobacterial treatment in 40 cases and appropriate therapy in the absence of cultures in 11 cases. The rapidity of this method in detection and typing could make it useful in the management of tuberculosis in a clinical
https://wwwnc.cdc.gov/eid/article/11/8/04-0982-t2
Welcome to CDC stacks | Spoligotyping and Mycobacterium tuberculosis - 14728 | Emerging Infectious DiseasesWelcome to CDC stacks | Spoligotyping and Mycobacterium tuberculosis - 14728 | Emerging Infectious Diseases
We evaluated the clinical usefulness of spoligotyping, a polymerase chain reaction-based method for simultaneous detection and typing of Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains, with acid-fast bacilli-positive slides from clinical specimens or mycobacterial cultures. Overall sensitivity and specificity were 97% and 95% for the detection of M. tuberculosis and 98% and 96% when used with clinical specimens. Laboratory turnaround time of spoligotyping was less than that for culture identification by a median of 20 days. In comparison with IS6110-based restriction fragment length polymorphism typing, spoligotyping overestimated the number of isolates with identical DNA fingerprints by approximately 50%, but showed a 100% negative predictive value. Spoligotyping resulted in the modification of ongoing antimycobacterial treatment in 40 cases and appropriate therapy in the absence of cultures in 11 cases. The rapidity of this method in detection and typing could make it useful in the management of ...
https://stacks.cdc.gov/view/cdc/14728
대량 sample을 위한 High-Throughput Genomic DNA Prep Kit- AccuPrep® Genomic DNA Extraction Kit for 96 well vacuum manifold대량 sample을 위한 High-Throughput Genomic DNA Prep Kit- AccuPrep® Genomic DNA Extraction Kit for 96 well vacuum manifold
AccuPrep® Genomic DNA Extraction Kit for Biovac 96 Vacuum Manifold has been designed to quickly and conveniently extract genomic DNA from whole blood, buffy coat, lymphocytes, plasma, serum, body fluids, and cultured cells, simultaneously. The 96 samples can be handled without additional machinery such as a centrifuge. The genomic DNA is simply extracted with a vacuum pump and Biovac 96 Vacuum Manifold. This product is also available to other companies vacuum manifold system (QIAGEN, Promega and Axygen).
http://www.bioneer.co.kr/products/DNARNAPrep/GenomicDNAExtractionKit96-overview.aspx
The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene | Polymerase chain reaction-based identification and genotyping of...The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene | Polymerase chain reaction-based identification and genotyping of...
A simple method for rapid identification of large numbers of Anopheles mosquitoes was developed based on polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification of the rDNA intergenic spacer and internal transcribed spacer 2. By means of previously described primers for the Anopheles gambiae and An. quadrimaculatus species complexes, rDNA was amplified simultaneously from 96 whole mosquitoes or parts. No homogenization or individual DNA preparation was necessary, and transfer of 96 samples to PCR reactions was performed simultaneously with a bacterial replicator. Control reactions indicate that the level of cross-contamination is negligible, and false-negative findings are rare. The method was tested on larvae, pupae, adult heads, whole adult males and females, and single tarsi. All parts except tarsi provided satisfactory template. Fresh, ethanol-preserved, dried, and frozen adults were also tested with similar results. The method was also tested for amplification of a single-copy gene, white. Results were
http://www.ajtmh.org/content/journals/10.4269/ajtmh.2002.66.234
A Common LPA Null Allele Associates With Lower Lipoprotein(a) Levels and Coronary Artery Disease Risk | Arteriosclerosis,...A Common LPA Null Allele Associates With Lower Lipoprotein(a) Levels and Coronary Artery Disease Risk | Arteriosclerosis,...
Approach and Results-The LPA null allele (rs41272114) was genotyped in the PROCARDIS case-control cohort (4073 CAD cases and 4225 controls). Lipoprotein(a) levels were measured in 909 CAD cases and 922 controls; apolipoprotein(a) isoform size was estimated using sodium dodecyl sulfate-agarose gel electrophoresis and a high-throughput quantitative polymerase chain reaction-based method. Null carriers are common (null allele frequency, 3%) and have significantly lower circulating lipoprotein(a) levels (P=2.1×10−10) and reduced CAD risk (odds ratio, 0.79 [0.66-0.97]; P=0.023) compared with noncarriers. An additive allelic model of apolipoprotein(a) isoform size, refined by null allele genotype and quantitative polymerase chain reaction values, showed a sigmoid relationship with lipoprotein(a) levels, with baseline levels for longer isoform alleles and progressively higher levels of lipoprotein(a) for shorter isoform alleles.. ...
http://atvb.ahajournals.org/content/early/2014/06/12/ATVBAHA.114.303462.short?rss=1
Comparison of rapid methods of detection of cytomegalovirus in saliva with virus isolation in tissue culture. | Journal of...Comparison of rapid methods of detection of cytomegalovirus in saliva with virus isolation in tissue culture. | Journal of...
Two rapid methods for the detection of cytomegalovirus (CMV) in saliva from congenitally and perinatally infected children were assessed by comparison with traditional virus isolation in tissue culture (TC). The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to amplify a 300-bp segment of the CMV gB gene which was detected in ethidium bromide-stained agarose gels. A centrifugation-enhanced microtiter culture method with a monoclonal antibody for the detection of early-antigen fluorescent foci (DEAFF) was also used. Saliva specimens were collected with mouth swabs from children who were between the ages of 1 month and 14 years and who had either prenatal or perinatal CMV infection. One hundred sixty samples were tested by PCR and TC; 65 (40.6%) were found positive by TC, and 58 (36.8%) were found positive by PCR. Although four samples were found positive by PCR and negative by TC, saliva from seronegative and seropositive TC-negative adults were never found positive by PCR. One hundred fifty-two ...
https://jcm.asm.org/content/30/4/786
Real-time quantitative PCR assay development and application for assessment of agricultural surface water and various fecal...Real-time quantitative PCR assay development and application for assessment of agricultural surface water and various fecal...
Aliarcobacter faecis and Aliarcobacter lanthieri are recently identified as emerging human and animal pathogens. In this paper, we demonstrate the development and optimization of two direct DNA-based quantitative real-time PCR assays using species-specific oligonucleotide primer pairs derived from rpoB and gyrA genes for A. faecis and A. lanthieri, respectively. Initially, the specificity of primers and amplicon size of each target reference strain was verified and confirmed by melt curve analysis. Standard curves were developed with a minimum quantification limit of 100 cells mL− 1 or g− 1 obtained using known quantities of spiked A. faecis and A. lanthieri reference strains in autoclaved agricultural surface water and dairy cow manure samples. Each species-specific qPCR assay was validated and applied to determine the rate of prevalence and quantify the total number of cells of each target species in natural surface waters of an agriculturally-dominant and non-agricultural reference watershed. In
https://bmcmicrobiol.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12866-020-01826-3
Typing of mycobacteria using spoligotyping
Spoligotyping and Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Gori, Andrea; Bandera, Alessandra; Marchetti, Giulia; Esposti, Anna Degli; Catozzi, Lidia; Nardi, Gian Piero; Gazzola, Lidia; Ferrario, Giulio; Van Embden, Jan D. A.; Van Soolingen, Dick; Moroni, Mauro; Franzetti, Fabio // Emerging Infectious Diseases;Aug2005, Vol. 11 Issue 8, p1242 We evaluated the clinical usefulness of spoligotyping, a polymerase chain reaction-based method for simultaneous detection and typing of Mycobacterium tuberculosis strains, with acid-fast bacilli-positive slides from clinical specimens or mycobacterial cultures. Overall sensitivity and... ...
http://connection.ebscohost.com/c/articles/67206265/typing-mycobacteria-using-spoligotyping
Evaluation of Microscopy and Polymerase Chain Reaction Methods for Identification of Trypanosoma Vivax in Cattle from Three...Evaluation of Microscopy and Polymerase Chain Reaction Methods for Identification of Trypanosoma Vivax in Cattle from Three...
Microscopy and Polymerase Chain Reaction technique was used to evaluate 150 blood samples from cattle in three abattoirs in Kaduna State to detect the presence of Trypanosoma vivax. Out of the 150 blood samples collected and tested for the presence of T. vivax using Microscopy,13 samples from Tudun-wada, Kawo and Makera abattoirs were found to positive giving a total prevalence of 26.0%. Tudun-wada abattoir had the highest prevalence with 16.0% while 3.0% and 2.0% for Kawo and Makera abattoirs respectively. Tudun- wada abattoir at 0.016 was seen to be significantly different at p. Key words: Abattoir, DNA, Microscopy, PCR, Primer, T. vivax. ...
http://www.scopemed.org/?mno=251987
A common LPA null allele associates with lower lipoprotein(a) levels and coronary artery disease risk. - Radcliffe Department...A common LPA null allele associates with lower lipoprotein(a) levels and coronary artery disease risk. - Radcliffe Department...
OBJECTIVE: Increased levels of lipoprotein(a) are a highly heritable risk factor for coronary artery disease (CAD). The genetic determinants of lipoprotein(a) levels are mainly because of genetic variation in the apolipoprotein(a) gene (LPA). We have tested the association of a relatively common null allele of LPA with lipoprotein(a) levels and CAD risk in a large case-control cohort. We have also examined how null allele genotyping complements apolipoprotein(a) isoform typing to refine the relationship between LPA isoform size and circulating lipoprotein(a) levels. APPROACH AND RESULTS: The LPA null allele (rs41272114) was genotyped in the PROCARDIS (Precocious Coronary Artery Disease) case-control cohort (4073 CAD cases and 4225 controls). Lipoprotein(a) levels were measured in 909 CAD cases and 922 controls; apolipoprotein(a) isoform size was estimated using sodium dodecyl sulfate-agarose gel electrophoresis and a high-throughput quantitative polymerase chain reaction-based method. Null carriers are
https://www.rdm.ox.ac.uk/publications/469518
SID.ir | DEVELOPMENT OF TWO MULTIPLEX POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTIONS FOR THE DETECTION OF ENTEROTOXIGENIC STRAINS OF STAPHYLOCOCCUS...SID.ir | DEVELOPMENT OF TWO MULTIPLEX POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTIONS FOR THE DETECTION OF ENTEROTOXIGENIC STRAINS OF STAPHYLOCOCCUS...
Download Free Full-Text of an article DEVELOPMENT OF TWO MULTIPLEX POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTIONS FOR THE DETECTION OF ENTEROTOXIGENIC STRAINS OF STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS ISOLATED FROM FOODS
https://www.sid.ir/en/journal/ViewPaper.aspx?ID=241284
Evaluation of DNA extraction methods for the analysis of microbial community in biological activated carbon<...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Evaluation of DNA extraction methods for the analysis of microbial community in biological activated carbon. AU - Zheng, Lu. AU - Gao, Naiyun. AU - Deng, Yang. PY - 2012/2/1. Y1 - 2012/2/1. N2 - It is difficult to isolate DNA from biological activated carbon (BAC) samples used in water treatment plants, owing to the scarcity of microorganisms in BAC samples. The aim of this study was to identify DNA extraction methods suitable for a long-term, comprehensive ecological analysis of BAC microbial communities. To identify a procedure that can produce high molecular weight DNA, maximizes detectable diversity and is relatively free from contaminants, the microwave extraction method, the cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) extraction method, a commercial DNA extraction kit, and the ultrasonic extraction method were used for the extraction of DNA from BAC samples. Spectrophotometry, agarose gel electrophoresis and polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-restriction fragment length ...
https://researchwith.montclair.edu/en/publications/evaluation-of-dna-extraction-methods-for-the-analysis-of-microbia
Article | Comparative evaluation of Polymerase Chain Reaction - Restriction Enzyme Analysis (PRA) and Sequencing of Heat shock...Article | Comparative evaluation of Polymerase Chain Reaction - Restriction Enzyme Analysis (PRA) and Sequencing of Heat shock...
Article: Pourahmad F, Adams A, Thompson K & Richards R (2009) Comparative evaluation of Polymerase Chain Reaction - Restriction Enzyme Analysis (PRA) and Sequencing of Heat shock protein 65 (hsp65) gene for identification of aquatic mycobacteria. Journal of Microbiological Methods, 76 (2), pp. 128-135. http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/journal/01677012; https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mimet.2008.09.021
https://www.stir.ac.uk/research/hub/publication/836699
A consensus on fungal polymerase chain reaction diagnosis? A United Kingdom-Ireland evaluation of polymerase chain reaction...A consensus on fungal polymerase chain reaction diagnosis? A United Kingdom-Ireland evaluation of polymerase chain reaction...
TY - JOUR. T1 - A consensus on fungal polymerase chain reaction diagnosis?. T2 - A United Kingdom-Ireland evaluation of polymerase chain reaction methods for detection of systemic fungal infections. AU - White, P. Lewis. AU - Barton, Richard. AU - Guiver, Malcolm. AU - Linton, Christopher J.. AU - Wilson, Steve. AU - Smith, Melvyn. AU - Gomez, Beatriz L.. AU - Carr, Michael J.. AU - Kimmitt, Patrick T.. AU - Seaton, Shila. AU - Rajakumar, Kumar. AU - Holyoake, Tessa. AU - Kibbler, Chris C.. AU - Johnson, Elizabeth. AU - Hobson, Richard P.. AU - Jones, Brian. AU - Barnes, Rosemary A.. N1 - Copyright: Copyright 2017 Elsevier B.V., All rights reserved.. PY - 2006/7. Y1 - 2006/7. N2 - The limitations of classical diagnostic methods for invasive fungal infections (IFIs) have led to the development of molecular techniques to aid in the detection of IFIs. Despite good published performance, interlaboratory reproduction of these assays is variable, and no consensus has been reached for an optimal ...
https://pure.urosario.edu.co/en/publications/a-consensus-on-fungal-polymerase-chain-reaction-diagnosis-a-unite
Environmental Engineering | AEESPEnvironmental Engineering | AEESP
The Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering at Florida State University invites applications for a postdoctoral research associate position. The postdoc will work in a landfill leachate project. The ideal candidate should have a Ph.D. degree in Environmental Engineering or closely related fields. Candidates with previous experience in two or more of the following four areas are particularly encouraged to apply: 1) biological treatment of landfill leachate or wastewater; 2) geosynthetic clay liners; 3) quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction and next generation sequencing; 4) analytical techniques including SEM, TEM, XRD, Raman, IC, and TOC.. Review of applications will begin immediately, and will continue until the position is filled. The position is available immediately for a duration of one and a half year with the possibility of renewal based on satisfactory performance and funding. Interested applicants please contact [email protected] with a one-page cover letter, a CV, a ...
http://www.aeesp.org/jobs/2285
Can I use the Monarch® Genomic DNA Purification Kit to clean up gDNA that was extracted with phenol/chloroform? | NEB
Yes, the Monarch Genomic DNA Purification Kit can be used to clean up phenol/chloroform purified gDNA by following the protocol for Genomic DNA Cleanup. However, recovery may be lower than the usual 80% because phenol/chloroform purified DNA typically yields longer fragments. Although the use of preheated elution buffer in the Monarch protocol facilitates the elution of large gDNA fragments, the fraction of gDNA that is longer than 80 kb will be eluted less efficiently from the silica matrix ...
https://prod-sc.neb.com/faqs/2019/02/12/can-i-use-the-monarch-genomic-dna-purification-kit-to-clean-up-gdna-that-was-extracted-with-phenol-chloroform
Integrin alpha subunit mRNAs are differentially expressed in early Xenopus embryos | DevelopmentIntegrin alpha subunit mRNAs are differentially expressed in early Xenopus embryos | Development
Adhesion of cells to extracellular matrix proteins is mediated, in large part, by transmembrane receptors of the integrin family. The identification of specific integrins expressed in early embryos is an important first step to understanding the roles of these receptors in developmental processes. We have used polymerase chain reaction methods and degenerate oligodeoxynucleotide primers to identify and clone Xenopus integrin alpha subunits from neurula-stage (stage 17) cDNA. Partial cDNAs encoding integrin subunits alpha 2, alpha 3, alpha 4, alpha 5, alpha 6 and an alpha IIb-related subunit were cloned and used to investigate integrin mRNA expression in early embryos by RNase protection assay and whole-mount in situ hybridization methods. Considerable integrin diversity is apparent early in development with integrins alpha 2, alpha 3, alpha 4, alpha 5 and alpha 6 each expressed by the end of gastrulation. Both alpha 3 and alpha 5 are expressed as maternal mRNAs. Zygotic expression of alpha 2, ...
https://dev.biologists.org/content/117/4/1239?ijkey=fe74bea5b511ce2687968c206065cf60ce08e42f&keytype2=tf_ipsecsha
Evaluation of the analytical and diagnostic performance of a digital droplet polymerase chain reaction (ddPCR) assay to detect...Evaluation of the analytical and diagnostic performance of a digital droplet polymerase chain reaction (ddPCR) assay to detect...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Evaluation of the analytical and diagnostic performance of a digital droplet polymerase chain reaction (ddPCR) assay to detect Trypanosoma cruzi DNA in blood samples. AU - Ramírez, Juan David. AU - Herrera, Giovanny. AU - Hernández, Carolina. AU - Cruz-Saavedra, Lissa. AU - Muñoz, Marina. AU - Flórez, Carolina. AU - Butcher, Robert. PY - 2018/12/1. Y1 - 2018/12/1. N2 - Background: The recent development of novel Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) technologies that confer theoretical advantages over quantitative PCR has considerable potential in the diagnosis of low load infections, such as Trypanosoma cruzi in the chronic phase of Chagas disease. We evaluated the utility of the digital droplet (dd)PCR platform in the detection of T. cruzi infection. Methodology/Principal findings: We imported a validated qPCR assay targeting the T. cruzi satellite tandem repeat (TcSTR) region to the ddPCR platform. Following optimization, we tested and repeated a standard curve of TcI ...
https://pure.urosario.edu.co/en/publications/evaluation-of-the-analytical-and-diagnostic-performance-of-a-digi
Microbiology Society Journals | Rapid diagnosis of candidaemia by real-time PCR detection of Candida DNA in blood samplesMicrobiology Society Journals | Rapid diagnosis of candidaemia by real-time PCR detection of Candida DNA in blood samples
This study prospectively evaluated an 18S rRNA gene-targeted real-time PCR approach in comparison with standard blood culture (BC) diagnostics for rapid diagnosis of candidaemia in a large study population of 384 patients, including 902 whole blood samples from 468 infectious episodes (IEs) of 329 adults and 55 children with haematological malignancies and various forms of immunodeficiency, and intensive care unit patients. Seven out of eight BC-proven cases (87.5 %) of candidaemia and seven out of twelve BC-positive samples (58.3 %) were positive by the Candida-specific PCR. A positive PCR result was also obtained for 28/460 BC-negative samples from IEs, including 8 patients with culture-confirmed Candida infection at primary sterile body sites. Of the PCR-positive, culture-negative patients, more than 50 % received systemic antifungal therapy. In 432/460 BC-negative IEs, the Candida specific-PCR was negative, resulting in a negative predictive value of 99.8 %. In conclusion, the Candida specific-PCR
http://jmm.microbiologyresearch.org/content/journal/jmm/10.1099/jmm.0.007906-0
Accuracy of genotyping of single-nucleotide polymorphisms by PCR-ELISA allele-specific oligonucleotide hybridization typing and...
Accuracy of genotyping of single-nucleotide polymorphisms by PCR-ELISA allele-specific oligonucleotide hybridization typing and by amplification refractory mutation ...
https://www.bdi.ox.ac.uk/publications/19079
Real-time Polymerase Chain Reaction - The School of Biomedical Sciences Wiki
The Real-time Polymerase Chain Reaction is an improvised version of the original [[Polymerase Chain Reaction,Polymerase Chain Reaction]] (PCR,u,),/u, developed by Kary Mullis, who received the Nobel Prize in 1993 in Chemistry, and her coworkers during the mid-1980s. ,sup,(1),/sup ...
https://teaching.ncl.ac.uk/bms/wiki/index.php?title=Real-time_Polymerase_Chain_Reaction&diff=prev&oldid=22244
Evaluation of five DNA extraction methods in the detection of Salmonella enterica from meat using nested PCR
Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) based detection methods have received significant attention in food borne microbial pathogen detection. However, reliability and sensitivity of these methods are highly depending on the extraction of adequate amount of pure DNA using appropriate extraction method. Hence, selection of appropriate DNA extraction method is very important in PCR based detection of microbial pathogens. In this study, the extraction efficiency of five commonly used DNA extraction methods was evaluated. Salmonella enterica was used as experimental organism and five extraction methods were tested for their ability to extract DNA from spiked pork meat samples. Pork meat samples were incubated for four hours after being added a dilution series (100 - 103 CFU/mL) of Salmonella enterica culture. Then DNA was extracted from those samples by the five commonly used DNA extraction methods. Using extracted DNA, fliC gene of Salmonella was amplified by Nested PCR. Out of those five methods, the ...
https://jas.sljol.info/articles/abstract/10.4038/jas.v6i1.3809/
Detection of hepatitis B virus in plasma using flow cytometric analyses of polymerase chain reaction-amplified DNA...Detection of hepatitis B virus in plasma using flow cytometric analyses of polymerase chain reaction-amplified DNA...
Blood donations are routinely screened by multiple serologic assays for antigens/antibodies associated with infection by blood-borne viruses, including hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), human immunodeficiency viruses (HIV-1 and HIV-2), and human T-cell lymphotropic virus (HTLV-I and HTLV-II). A direct detection of these viruses would be more effective for the prevention of transfusion-transmitted infections than the indirect measurement of the variable host immune response to these agents. Because the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for viral gene amplification offers the most sensitive and direct means of detecting viruses in blood, we have developed a nonisotopic PCR procedure for the detection of HBV, chosen as a prototype. The problems, common to previously described PCR methods, of nucleic acid extraction and inhibition of the PCR by plasma proteins were overcome by isolation of HBV from plasma by means of 450-microns polystyrene beads covalently coated with monoclonal antibody to
https://www.semanticscholar.org/paper/Detection-of-hepatitis-B-virus-in-plasma-using-flo-Yang-Ulrich/c14740029a54261a1e6fab3841abbed7de5570b0
Real-time quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction.<...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Real-time quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction.. AU - Fan, Hongxin. AU - Robetorye, Ryan S.. PY - 2010. Y1 - 2010. N2 - The real-time quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RQ-PCR) has become the method of choice for the quantification of specific mRNAs. This method is fast, extremely sensitive, and accurate, requires only very small amounts of input RNA, and is relatively simple to perform. These characteristics have made it the method of choice for minimal residual disease monitoring such as in chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML). CML comprises approximately 20% of all leukemias and is characterized by a balanced (9;22) chromosomal translocation that results in the formation of a chimeric gene comprised of the BCR (breakpoint cluster region) gene and the ABL oncogene (BCR-ABL fusion gene). The chimeric gene encodes a fusion protein with constitutively increased tyrosine kinase activity, resulting in growth factor-independent ...
https://mayoclinic.pure.elsevier.com/en/publications/real-time-quantitative-reverse-transcriptase-polymerase-chain-rea
Direct solid-phase sequence analysis of the human p53 gene by use of multiplex polymerase chain reaction and alpha...Direct solid-phase sequence analysis of the human p53 gene by use of multiplex polymerase chain reaction and alpha...
Among the candidate cancer-prognostic genes is the p53 tumor suppressor gene, which, when mutated, plays an important role in the development of many types of cancers. To facilitate robust large-scale DNA analysis of microdissected tumor biopsies, we describe a multiplex/nested PCR approach for a simultaneous outer amplification of exons 4-9 of the human p53 gene with parallel amplification of the HLA-DQB1 locus, involving a total of 14 primers. This approach reduces the required number of cells for analysis and avoids any variation in the amplifications of the individual p53 exons during the common outer amplification step. The HLA sequencing allows sample identification because the DQB1 locus is highly polymorphic and is thereby patient-specific. The p53 and HLA amplicons are analyzed by solid-phase sequencing in a semiautomated format. To improve the DNA sequence quality, we used 2-deoxyribonucleoside 5-O-1-thiotriphosphates in the sequencing reactions.. ...
http://kth.diva-portal.org/smash/record.jsf?pid=diva2:1166336
Optimal conditions and specific characteristics of Vent exo- DNA polymerase in ligation-mediated polymerase chain reaction...Optimal conditions and specific characteristics of Vent exo- DNA polymerase in ligation-mediated polymerase chain reaction...
PubMed comprises more than 30 million citations for biomedical literature from MEDLINE, life science journals, and online books. Citations may include links to full-text content from PubMed Central and publisher web sites.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15864324
Edwards LabEdwards Lab
Background. Although high risk HPVs are associated with an increased risk of prostate cancer it is not known if they have a causal role. The purpose of this study is to investigate the potential role of human papilloma viruses (HPVs) in prostate cancer. The aims are (i) to investigate the presence and confirm the identity of high risk HPVs in benign prostate tissues prior to the development of HPV positive prostate cancer in the same patients, and (ii) to determine if HPVs are biologically active.. Methods. We used polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to identify HPVs in specimens from 52 Australian men with benign prostate biopsies who 1 to 10 years later developed prostate cancer. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) was used to assess the expression of HPV E7 oncoproteins, cytokeratin and prostate specific antigen (PSA).. We used RNASeq data from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) to identify possible HPV RNA sequences in prostate cancer.. Results. HPV screening using standard PCR was conducted on 28 of the 52 ...
http://edwardslab.blogspot.co.uk
High levels of HIV-1 in plasma during all stages of infection determined by competitive PCR | ScienceHigh levels of HIV-1 in plasma during all stages of infection determined by competitive PCR | Science
Quantitative competitive polymerase chain reaction (QC-PCR) methods were used to quantify virion-associated human immunodeficiency virus type-1 (HIV-1) RNA in plasma from 66 patients with Centers for Disease Control stage I to IVC1 infection. HIV-1 RNA, ranging from 100 to nearly 22,000,000 copies per milliliter of plasma (corresponding to 50 to 11,000,000 virions per milliliter), was readily quantified in all subjects, was significantly associated with disease stage and CD4+ T cell counts, and decreased by as much as 235-fold with resolution of primary infection or institution of antiretroviral therapy. Plasma virus levels determined by QC-PCR correlated with, but exceeded by an average of 60,000-fold, virus titers measured by endpoint dilution culture. Quantitation of HIV-1 in plasma by QC-PCR may be useful in assessing the efficacy of antiretroviral agents, especially in early stage disease when conventional viral markers are often negative. ...
http://science.sciencemag.org/content/259/5102/1749
Mitochondrial haplotypebased identification of ethanolpreserved rootknot nematodes from AfricaMitochondrial haplotypebased identification of ethanolpreserved rootknot nematodes from Africa
The asexual root-knot nematodes (RKNs) (Meloidogyne spp.) exemplified by Meloidogyne incognita are widespread and damaging pests in tropical and subtropical regions worldwide. Comparison of amplification products of two adjacent polymorphic regions of the mitochondrial genome using DNA extracts of characterized RKN strains, including 15 different species, indicate that several species are derived from the same or closely related female lineages. Nevertheless, M. javanica, M. enterolobii, M. incognita, and other key species could each be assigned unique mitochondrial haplotypes based on polymerase chain reaction fragment size and restriction cleavage patterns. M. arenaria isolates did not group as a single haplotype, consistent with other reports of diversity within this species. To test the utility of this assay, we characterized ethanol-preserved samples from 103 single-species isolates from four countries in sub-Saharan Africa (Benin, Nigeria, Kenya, and Tanzania). Mitochondrial haplotypes ...
https://cgspace.cgiar.org/handle/10568/74464
Absence of retroviral sequences in Graves disease<...
TY - JOUR. T1 - Absence of retroviral sequences in Graves disease. AU - Humphrey, M.. AU - Carr, F. E.. AU - Wartofsky, L.. AU - Djuh, Y. Y.. AU - Burman, K. D.. AU - Baker, J. R.. AU - Mosca, J.. AU - Drabick, J. J.. AU - Burke, D. S.. PY - 1991/1/5. Y1 - 1991/1/5. N2 - An earlier report of HIV-1 gene sequences in thyroid cell genomic DNA from patients with Graves disease prompted use of the polymerase chain reaction technique to identify such sequences in Graves disease thyroid tissue and in white blood-cells from these patients. We were unable to confirm the existence of HIV-1-related DNA sequences in Graves specimens.. AB - An earlier report of HIV-1 gene sequences in thyroid cell genomic DNA from patients with Graves disease prompted use of the polymerase chain reaction technique to identify such sequences in Graves disease thyroid tissue and in white blood-cells from these patients. We were unable to confirm the existence of HIV-1-related DNA sequences in Graves specimens.. UR - ...
https://pennstate.pure.elsevier.com/en/publications/absence-of-retroviral-sequences-in-graves-disease
Polymerase chain reactionPolymerase chain reaction
ISBN 978-0-879-69576-7. Chapter 8: In vitro Amplification of DNA by the Polymerase Chain Reaction "Polymerase Chain Reaction ( ... "DNA sequencing with Thermus aquaticus DNA polymerase and direct sequencing of polymerase chain reaction-amplified DNA". ... "An Overview of Nanoparticle-Assisted Polymerase Chain Reaction Technology". An Overview of Nanoparticle‐Assisted Polymerase ... The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is a method widely used to rapidly make millions to billions of copies (complete or partial ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polymerase_chain_reaction
Polymerase chain reaction inhibitorsPolymerase chain reaction inhibitors
PCR inhibitors are any factor which prevent the amplification of nucleic acids through the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). PCR ... or otherwise interfering with their interaction with the DNA polymerase, PCR is inhibited. In a multiplex PCR reaction, it is ... In order to try to assess the extent of inhibition that occurs in a reaction, a control can be performed by adding a known ... Of course, if any part of the inhibition occurring in the sample-derived reaction mixture is sequence-specific, then this ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polymerase_chain_reaction_inhibitors
Digital polymerase chain reactionDigital polymerase chain reaction
The polymerase chain reaction method is used to quantify nucleic acids by amplifying a nucleic acid molecule with the enzyme ... "Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine. Duewer DL, ... Digital polymerase chain reaction (digital PCR, DigitalPCR, dPCR, or dePCR) is a biotechnological refinement of conventional ... Lee SY, Hwang SY (2015). "Application of digital polymerase chain reaction technology for noninvasive prenatal test". Journal ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital_polymerase_chain_reaction
Multiplex polymerase chain reactionMultiplex polymerase chain reaction
... (Multiplex PCR) refers to the use of polymerase chain reaction to amplify several different ... Portal: Biology (Molecular biology, Laboratory techniques, Amplifiers, Polymerase chain reaction). ... "Detection of hepatitis C virus RNA by a two-stage polymerase chain reaction with two pairs of primers deduced from the 5'- ... as if performing many separate PCR reactions all together in one reaction). This process amplifies DNA in samples using ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multiplex_polymerase_chain_reaction
Polymerase chain reaction optimizationPolymerase chain reaction optimization
Touchdown polymerase chain reaction or touchdown style polymerase chain reaction is a method of polymerase chain reaction by ... Eckert KA, Kunkel TA (August 1991). "DNA polymerase fidelity and the polymerase chain reaction". Genome Research. 1 (1): 17-24 ... "Q5® High-Fidelity DNA Polymerase." Available. Markoulatos P, Siafakas N, Moncany M (2002). "Multiplex polymerase chain reaction ... The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is a commonly used molecular biology tool for amplifying DNA, and various techniques for ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polymerase_chain_reaction_optimization
Nested polymerase chain reactionNested polymerase chain reaction
... involves two sets of primers, used in two successive runs of polymerase chain reaction, the ... Nested polymerase chain reaction (nested PCR) is a modification of polymerase chain reaction intended to reduce non-specific ... Polymerase chain reaction itself is the process used to amplify DNA samples, via a temperature-mediated DNA polymerase. The ... The target DNA undergoes the first run of polymerase chain reaction with the first set of primers, shown in green. The ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nested_polymerase_chain_reaction
Inverse polymerase chain reactionInverse polymerase chain reaction
... (Inverse PCR) is a variant of the polymerase chain reaction that is used to amplify DNA with ... Then, like other polymerase chain reaction processes, the DNA is amplified by the temperature-sensitive DNA polymerase: A ... Ochman, H.; Gerber, A. S.; Hartl, D. L. (1988-11-01). "Genetic applications of an inverse polymerase chain reaction". Genetics ... Polymerase chain reaction). ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inverse_polymerase_chain_reaction
Touchdown polymerase chain reactionTouchdown polymerase chain reaction
The touchdown polymerase chain reaction or touchdown style polymerase chain reaction is a method of polymerase chain reaction ... The annealing temperature during a polymerase chain reaction determines the specificity of primer annealing. The melting point ... Nonspecific primer binding obscures polymerase chain reaction results, as the nonspecific sequences to which primers anneal in ... The earliest steps of a touchdown polymerase chain reaction cycle have high annealing temperatures. The annealing temperature ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Touchdown_polymerase_chain_reaction
Reverse complement polymerase chain reactionReverse complement polymerase chain reaction
... (RC-PCR) is a modification of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). It is primarily ... Polymerase chain reaction, SARS-CoV-2, DNA sequencing methods, Molecular biology techniques, DNA profiling techniques, ... The generation of the target specific primer in the reaction as it progresses also leads to more balanced reaction components. ... Instead target specific primers are formed as the reaction proceeds. A typical reaction employing the approach requires four ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reverse_complement_polymerase_chain_reaction
Reverse transcription polymerase chain reactionReverse transcription polymerase chain reaction
... (RT-PCR) is a laboratory technique combining reverse transcription of RNA into ... The exponential amplification via reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction provides for a highly sensitive technique in ... Bustin SA (October 2000). "Absolute quantification of mRNA using real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction ... December 2004). "TaqMan reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction for the detection of Japanese encephalitis virus". J. ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reverse_transcription_polymerase_chain_reaction
History of polymerase chain reactionHistory of polymerase chain reaction
Repeated applications of polymerase could lead to a chain reaction of replication for a specific segment of the genome - PCR. ... "Fine-structure genetic mapping of human chromosomes using the polymerase chain reaction on single sperm." Am J Hum Genet vol. ... 263-73 (1986). Mullis KB and Faloona FA "Specific Synthesis of DNA in vitro via a Polymerase-Catalyzed Chain Reaction." Methods ... 341-61 (1971). Mullis KB, Ferré F, Gibbs RA "The Polymerase Chain Reaction" Birkhäuser Press (1994) ISBN 0-8176-3750-8 Chien A ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_polymerase_chain_reaction
Overlap extension polymerase chain reactionOverlap extension polymerase chain reaction
The overlap extension polymerase chain reaction (or OE-PCR) is a variant of PCR. It is also referred to as Splicing by overlap ... Polymerase chain reaction, Genetic engineering, Molecular biology techniques). ... The replication reaction continues to produce a fully dimerised DNA fragment. After further PCR cycles, to amplify the DNA, the ... As in most PCR reactions, two primers-one for each end-are used per sequence. To splice two DNA molecules, special primers are ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Overlap_extension_polymerase_chain_reaction
Real-time polymerase chain reactionReal-time polymerase chain reaction
The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is a common method for amplifying DNA; for RNA-based PCR the RNA sample is first reverse- ... A real-time polymerase chain reaction (real-time PCR, or qPCR) is a laboratory technique of molecular biology based on the ... Holland, P.M.; Abramson, R.D.; Watson, R.; Gelfand, D.H. (1991). "Detection of specific polymerase chain reaction product by ... The acronym "RT-PCR" commonly denotes reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and not real-time PCR, but not all ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Real-time_polymerase_chain_reaction
Template-switching polymerase chain reactionTemplate-switching polymerase chain reaction
... (TS-PCR) is a method of reverse transcription and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) ... v t e (Orphaned articles from December 2018, All orphaned articles, Reverse transcriptase inhibitors, Polymerase chain reaction ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Template-switching_polymerase_chain_reaction
Taq polymeraseTaq polymerase
"Lentiviral genomes with G-to-A hypermutation may result from Taq polymerase errors during polymerase chain reaction". AIDS ... "The use of Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) in infectious disease diagnosis, has resulted in an ability to diagnose early and ... It is frequently used in the polymerase chain reaction (PCR), a method for greatly amplifying the quantity of short segments of ... "Polymerase chain reaction (PCR)". stanfordhealthcare.org. Retrieved 2020-04-23. "FDA chief warns of supply 'pressure' on ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taq_polymerase
Designer babyDesigner baby
Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is a process in which DNA sequences are amplified to produce many more copies of the same ... Garibyan L, Avashia N (March 2013). "Polymerase chain reaction". The Journal of Investigative Dermatology. 133 (3): 1-4. doi: ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Designer_baby
In vitro recombinationIn vitro recombination
Polymerase chain reaction. There are two major sources of foreign DNA for molecular cloning is genomic DNA (gDNA) and ... DNA polymerase can use these single-stranded primers to initiate second strand DNA synthesis on the mRNA templates. After the ... Reverse transcriptase is a RNA-dependent DNA polymerase. It depends on the presence of a primer, usually a poly-dT ... single-stranded DNA molecules are converted into double-stranded DNA molecules by DNA polymerase, they are inserted into ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/In_vitro_recombination
Functional cloningFunctional cloning
For example, identification of novel DNA polymerases for polymerase chain reaction (PCR) reactions which synthesize DNA ... Garibyan, Lilit; Avashia, Nidhi (2013). "Polymerase Chain Reaction". Journal of Investigative Dermatology. 133 (3): 1-4. doi: ... With this in mind, 3173 Polymerase, another polymerase enzyme, now commonly used in RT-PCR reactions was discovered using the ... human DNA polymerase would denature during the denaturation step of the PCR reaction resulting in a non-functioning polymerase ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Functional_cloning
BiomedicineBiomedicine
Polymerase chain reaction is done by placing a mixture of the desired DNA, DNA polymerase, primers, and nucleotide bases into a ... "Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)". www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. "Account Suspended". www.geneticseducation.nhs.uk. "MedlinePlus: ... Molecular biology consists of different techniques including Polymerase chain reaction, Gel electrophoresis, and macromolecule ... Proteins are chains of amino acids that function, among other things, to contract skeletal muscle, as catalysts, as transport ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biomedicine
BrucellosisBrucellosis
by polymerase chain reaction". Croatian Medical Journal. 51 (4): 306-13. doi:10.3325/cmj.2010.51.306. PMC 2931435. PMID ... The inability to diagnose B. canis by SAT due to lack of cross-reaction is another drawback. False-negative SAT may be caused ... Demonstration of antibodies against the agent either with the classic Huddleson, Wright, and/or Bengal Rose reactions, either ... and demonstrate positive Bengal rose and Huddleston reactions. Gastrointestinal symptoms occur in 70% of cases and include ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brucellosis
Primer binding sitePrimer binding site
Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is a method used in laboratories that significantly increases the production of replicated DNA ... "Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)". Genome.gov. Retrieved 2021-11-05. Garibyan, Lilit; Avashia, Nidhi (March 2013). "Research ... "Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) (article)". Khan Academy. Retrieved 2021-11-30. "Primer". Genome.gov. Retrieved 2021-11-30. ... Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)". The Journal of Investigative Dermatology. 133 (3): 1-4. doi:10.1038/jid.2013.1. ISSN 0022- ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Primer_binding_site
Body identificationBody identification
"Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)". www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. Retrieved 2020-05-16. "What is PCR?". Science Learning Hub. Retrieved ... Polymerase chain reaction, is the technology used for the purpose of copying particular DNA in a test tube. This method ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Body_identification
Molecular biologyMolecular biology
Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is an extremely versatile technique for copying DNA. In brief, PCR allows a specific DNA ... In this technique, a DNA sequence coding for a protein of interest is cloned using polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and/or ... "Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)". National Center for Biotechnology Information. U.S. National Library of Medicine. Retrieved ... "Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) Fact Sheet". National Human Genome Research Institute (NHGRI). Retrieved 31 December 2016. Lee ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molecular_biology
Hot start PCRHot start PCR
Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is a molecular biology technique used to amplify specific DNA segments by several orders of ... Hot start PCR is a modified form of conventional polymerase chain reaction (PCR) that reduces the presence of undesired ... Green, Michael R.; Sambrook, Joseph (May 2018). "Hot Start Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)". Cold Spring Harbor Protocols. 2018 ... Markoulatos, P.; Siafakas, N.; Moncany, M. (2002). "Multiplex polymerase chain reaction: A practical approach". Journal of ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hot_start_PCR
Glossary of geneticsGlossary of genetics
... used to describe the numerous copied fragments that are the products of the polymerase chain reaction or ligase chain reaction ... DNA polymerases and RNA polymerases are essential for DNA replication and transcription, respectively. polymerase chain ... PCR See polymerase chain reaction. PCR product See amplicon. pedigree chart penetrance The proportion of individuals with a ... The term is used in particular to describe steps in certain laboratory techniques such as the polymerase chain reaction, where ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glossary_of_genetics
Glossary of genetics (M−Z)Glossary of genetics (M−Z)
2. An abbreviation of reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. Contents Top A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V ... DNA polymerases and RNA polymerases are essential for DNA replication and transcription, respectively. polymerase chain ... PCR See polymerase chain reaction. PCR product See amplicon. pedigree chart penetrance The proportion of individuals with a ... rtPCR 1. An abbreviation of real-time polymerase chain reaction, synonymous with quantitative PCR. ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glossary_of_genetics_(M−Z)
Vectorette PCRVectorette PCR
"Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)". www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov. Retrieved 2019-05-11. Riley J, Butler R, Ogilvie D, Finniear R, Jenner ... Vectorette PCR is a variation of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) designed in 1988. The original PCR was created and also ... Polymerase chain reaction, Laboratory techniques, Molecular biology, DNA profiling techniques). ... By doing this, the known sequence which is used to prime the PCR reaction at one side is introduced while the other is primed ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vectorette_PCR
Santiago SchnellSantiago Schnell
doi:10.1006/jtbi.1996.0283 S. Schnell and C. Mendoza (1997). Theoretical description for polymerase chain reaction. Journal of ... Enzymological considerations for a theoretical description of the Quantitative Competitive Polymerase Chain Reaction (QC-PCR). ... His work has focused to resolve the ambiguities in the quantitative analysis and modeling of reactions inside cells. He has ... Schnell systematically investigated for the first time how the rate laws describing intracellular reactions vary as a function ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Santiago_Schnell
Thermus aquaticusThermus aquaticus
Mullis, Kary B. (December 8, 1993). "Nobel Lecture - The Polymerase Chain Reaction". Fore J; Wiechers IR; Cook-Deegan R (2006 ... one of the most important enzymes in molecular biology because of its use in the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) DNA ... Kary Mullis and other investigators at Cetus Corporation discovered this enzyme could be used in the polymerase chain reaction ... and intellectual property on development and dissemination of the polymerase chain reaction: case study". J Biomed Discov ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermus_aquaticus
Primer dimerPrimer dimer
A primer dimer (PD) is a potential by-product in the polymerase chain reaction (PCR), a common biotechnological method. As its ... The primer design page of Leiden University Medical Center Patel, Ewing (2008). Polymerase Chain Reaction: Techniques and ... and these include initial inhibition of the DNA polymerase, or physical separation of reaction components reaction until the ... After an incubation of 1-5 minutes at 95 °C, the inhibitor is released and the reaction starts. Cold-sensitive Taq polymerase: ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Primer_dimer
CamelpoxCamelpox
Additionally, researchers in India are working on a diagnostic polymerase chain reaction to quickly and effectively identify ... Balamurugan, Vinayagamurthy (March 2009). "A Polymerase Chain Reaction Strategy for the Diagnosis of Camelpox". Journal of ... The virus carries DNA polymerase which is used to transcribe its genes. Eventually, the viral core dissolves, and the genetic ... a broad spectrum anti-viral that acts by inhibiting the viral DNA polymerase. Cidofovir has proven to be 100% effective at ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Camelpox
Ariosa v. SequenomAriosa v. Sequenom
... by polymerase chain reaction, PCR) and then detecting the paternally inherited DNA from the plasma sample. The technology for ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ariosa_v._Sequenom
Antonius SuwantoAntonius Suwanto
Isolated from Tempe based on Enterobacterial Repetitive Intergenic Consensus-Polymerase Chain Reaction (ERIC-PCR)". HAYATI ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antonius_Suwanto
NorovirusNorovirus
Specific diagnosis of norovirus is routinely made by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays or quantitative PCR assays, which ... Routine protocols to detect norovirus in clams and oysters by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction are being ... Molecular evolutionary analyses of the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase region in Norovirus genogroup II Front Microbiol Victoria M ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norovirus
TENM3TENM3
The embryonic Drosophila cDNA library was screened using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and a primer derived from the EGF-like ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TENM3
2022 monkeypox outbreak2022 monkeypox outbreak
Testing of patient swab samples by polymerase chain reaction revealed the outbreak to be of clade II of monkeypox, which is the ... In reaction to the current outbreak of monkeypox, a number of countries have stated they are buying vaccines and/or releasing ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2022_monkeypox_outbreak
SulfolobusSulfolobus
Other genes in the respiratory chain which partake in the production of ATP were not similar to what is found in eukaryotes. ... These genes include DNA polymerase, primase (including two subunits), MCM, CDC6/ORC1, RPA, RPC, and PCNA. In 2004, the origins ... Fröls S; White MF; Schleper C (February 2009). "Reactions to UV damage in the model archaeon Sulfolobus solfataricus". Biochem ... All Archaea have lipids with ether links between the head group and side chains, making the lipids more resistant to heat and ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sulfolobus
NOL1NOL1
... to chromosome 12p13 by fluorescence in situ hybridization and polymerase chain reaction with somatic cell hybrids". Genomics. ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NOL1
Vent DNA polymeraseVent DNA polymerase
Vent polymerase is a thermostable archean DNA polymerase used for the polymerase chain reaction. It was isolated from the ... DNA polymerase in ligation-mediated polymerase chain reaction protocols". Biochem Cell Biol. 83 (2): 147-65. doi:10.1139/o04- ... Portal: Biology (Protein pages needing a picture, DNA replication, EC 2.7.7, Polymerase chain reaction). ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vent_DNA_polymerase
Mitochondrial DNAMitochondrial DNA
... is replicated by the DNA polymerase gamma complex which is composed of a 140 kDa catalytic DNA polymerase ... The concept that mtDNA is particularly susceptible to reactive oxygen species generated by the respiratory chain due to its ... Fixation and Electron Staining Reactions". The Journal of Cell Biology. 19 (3): 593-611. doi:10.1083/jcb.19.3.593. PMC 2106331 ... The replisome machinery is formed by DNA polymerase, TWINKLE and mitochondrial SSB proteins. TWINKLE is a helicase, which ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mitochondrial_DNA
Nicholas A. KotovNicholas A. Kotov
"Nanoparticle Superstructures Made by Polymerase Chain Reaction: Collective Interactions of Nanoparticles and a New Principle ... He established that, similarly to many proteins and other biomolecules, nanoparticles can self-organize into chains, sheets, ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicholas_A._Kotov
COVID-19COVID-19
... testing methods to detect the virus's nucleic acid include real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction ( ... 19 can provisionally be diagnosed on the basis of symptoms and confirmed using reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction ... Infection may initiate a chain of vasoconstrictive responses within the body, including pulmonary vasoconstriction - a possible ... leading to a different immunological reaction to infections during the course of pregnancy. Respiratory: Many factors can make ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19
Thromboxane-A synthaseThromboxane-A synthase
Moreover, the study of cDNA clones made possible by polymerase chain reaction techniques has further elucidated the TXA ... The cytochrome P450 proteins are monooxygenases that catalyze many reactions involved in drug metabolism and synthesis of ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thromboxane-A_synthase
Donna WolkDonna Wolk
During her fellowship, she developed a polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay that could detect Encephalitozoon intestinalis in ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donna_Wolk
HCONDELsHCONDELs
... validation of these predicated regions of deletions through polymerase chain reaction methods produces 510 hCONDELs. The ... of these identified hCONDELs were then validated computationally with 39 of these being validated by polymerase chain reaction ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HCONDELs
Lyme diseaseLyme disease
Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) tests for Lyme disease have also been developed to detect the genetic material (DNA) of the ... "Detection of Borrelia burgdorferi DNA by polymerase chain reaction in synovial fluid from patients with Lyme arthritis". The ... The production of this reaction might be due to a form of molecular mimicry, where Borrelia avoids being killed by the immune ... Chronic symptoms from an autoimmune reaction could explain why some symptoms persist even after the spirochetes have been ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lyme_disease
DNA bankDNA bank
DNA can be analyzed through restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) and Polymerase chain reactions (PCR). The RFLP ... and polymerase chain reactions (PCR). DNA banking is used to conserve genetic material, especially that of organisms that face ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DNA_bank
Sphaceloma perseaeSphaceloma perseae
Certain polymerase chain reaction (PCR) primers have been designed and tested to consistently identify S. perseae with DNA ... Elsinochromes were proven to kill cells of the host plant and even cause necrotic legions on live tissue by reactions of a ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sphaceloma_perseae
Bifidobacterium longumBifidobacterium longum
Currently, strain identification is done through polymerase chain reaction (PCR) on the subtly different 16S rRNA gene ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bifidobacterium_longum
Enzyme inhibitorEnzyme inhibitor
DFP reaction Irreversible inhibitors covalently bind to an enzyme, and this type of inhibition can therefore not be readily ... This is a potent enzyme inhibitor, in this case preventing the RNA polymerase II enzyme from transcribing DNA. The algal toxin ... These electrophilic groups react with amino acid side chains to form covalent adducts. The residues modified are those with ... Vmax will decrease due to the inability for the reaction to proceed as efficiently, but Km will remain the same as the actual ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enzyme_inhibitor
Multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplificationMultiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification
... (MLPA) is a variation of the multiplex polymerase chain reaction that permits ... MLPA reaction is fast, inexpensive and very simple to perform. MLPA has a variety of applications including detection of ... In a standard multiplex PCR reaction, each fragment needs a unique amplifying primer pair. These primers being present in a ... that is key for multiple amplification of several different fragments in a single reaction. The next step continues with the ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multiplex_ligation-dependent_probe_amplification
MicrotubuleMicrotubule
Since most modification reactions are slow while their reverse reactions are rapid, modified tubulin is only detected on long- ... These long chains (protofilaments) now gradually accumulate next to each other so that a tube-like structure is formed, which ... Howard J, Hyman AA (February 2007). "Microtubule polymerases and depolymerases". Current Opinion in Cell Biology. 19 (1): 31-5 ... This reaction exposes a glutamate at the new C-terminus. As a result, microtubules that accumulate this modification are often ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microtubule
Histone methyltransferaseHistone methyltransferase
The lysine chain then makes a nucleophilic attack on the methyl group on the sulfur atom of the SAM molecule, transferring the ... In order for the reaction to proceed, S-Adenosyl methionine (SAM) and the lysine residue of the substrate histone tail must ... Histone-Modifying Enzymes Histone acetyltransferase (HAT) Histone deacetylase (HDAC) RNA polymerase control by chromatin ... methyl group to the lysine side chain. Instead of SET, non-SET domain-containing histone methyltransferase utilizes the enzyme ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Histone_methyltransferase
Fluorescence in situ hybridizationFluorescence in situ hybridization
Tagging can be done in various ways, such as nick translation, or polymerase chain reaction using tagged nucleotides. Then, an ... and time of the hybridization reaction. After checking all the necessary conditions, hybridization steps can be started by ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fluorescence_in_situ_hybridization
AmelogeninAmelogenin
This can be detected at low cost using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) of intron 1, followed by gel electrophoresis. Two bands ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amelogenin
COVID-19 pandemic in IndonesiaCOVID-19 pandemic in Indonesia
... some countries then decided to only unban very essential travel with travellers already conducted two polymerase chain reaction ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/COVID-19_pandemic_in_Indonesia
Environmental DNAEnvironmental DNA
... which can be precisely defined as the use of general or universal polymerase chain reaction (PCR) primers on mixed DNA samples ... and then amplified using general or universal primers in polymerase chain reaction and sequenced using next-generation ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Environmental_DNA
Index of biochemistry articlesIndex of biochemistry articles
... polymerase chain reaction - polymerization - polymyxin - polymyxin B - polyomavirus transforming antigen - polypeptide - ... RNA-directed DNA polymerase - rod outer segment - rough ER sarcoplasmic reticulum - satellite DNA - scientific notation - SDS- ... Hill reaction - His tag - histamine H1 receptor - histamine H2 receptor - histamine receptor - histidine - histone - history of ... heavy-chain immunoglobulin - Hela cell - helminth protein - helper T cell - hemopexin - hemoglobin - herpes simplex virus ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Index_of_biochemistry_articles
DNA damage theory of agingDNA damage theory of aging
showed that DNA damages which block the polymerase chain reaction in rat brain accumulate with age. Swain and Rao observed ... "Gene-specific oxidative lesions in aged rat brain detected by polymerase chain reaction inhibition assay". Free Radic. Res. 41 ... DNA polymerase gamma is the enzyme that replicates mitochondrial DNA. A mouse mutant with a defect in this DNA polymerase is ... studied the level of a particular enzyme, Poly ADP ribose polymerase, which is involved in repair of single-strand breaks in ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DNA_damage_theory_of_aging
Pertussis: Use of PCR for Diagnosis | CDCPertussis: Use of PCR for Diagnosis | CDC
Best Practices for Health Care Professionals on the use of Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) for Diagnosing Pertussis ... Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is an important tool for timely diagnosis of pertussis and is increasingly available to ... Best Practices for Healthcare Professionals on the Use of Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) for Diagnosing Pertussis. ...
http://www.cdc.gov/pertussis/clinical/diagnostic-testing/diagnosis-pcr-bestpractices.html
Meningococcal Meningitis Workup: Approach Considerations, CSF Examination, Polymerase Chain ReactionMeningococcal Meningitis Workup: Approach Considerations, CSF Examination, Polymerase Chain Reaction
Polymerase Chain Reaction. The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) [12] may be used to complement standard laboratory procedures ... Polymerase chain reaction for diagnosis of meningococcal meningitis. Lancet. 1992 Dec 12. 340(8833):1432-4. [QxMD MEDLINE Link] ... Usefulness of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in the diagnosis of meningococcal meningitis]. Enferm Infecc Microbiol Clin. 1999 ... Rapid detection of Neisseria meningitidis in cerebrospinal fluid by one-step polymerase chain reaction of the nspA gene. Diagn ...
https://www.medscape.com/answers/1165557-118312/what-are-other-tests-used-in-the-workup-of-meningococcal-meningitis
Browsing by Subject Polymerase Chain ReactionBrowsing by Subject "Polymerase Chain Reaction"
Second Regional Hands-on Training Course to Implement Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction Technique for Rapid Detection and ... DNA by nested polymerase chain reaction [‎PCR]‎, and hepatitis C virus ... ... "Polymerase Chain Reaction". 0-9. A. B. C. D. E. F. G. H. I. J. K. L. M. N. O. P. Q. R. S. T. U. V. W. X. Y. Z. * 0-9 ...
https://extranet.who.int/iris/restricted/browse?authority=Polymerase+Chain+Reaction&type=mesh
PCR | PCR kits | Polymerase Chain ReactionPCR | PCR kits | Polymerase Chain Reaction
PCR, the polymerase chain reaction, is a core technique that has revolutionized molecular biology. In PCR, a DNA molecule is ... One of the most efficient methods for hot-start reactions can be achieved using antibodies to block Taq polymerase activity. ... Variations between thermostable DNA polymerases are used to optimize reactions for specific purposes. For example, in hot-start ... Taq Polymerase and Endpoint PCR. Includes high-performance GoTaq® DNA Polymerase, PCR buffers and master mixes for endpoint PCR ...
https://www.promega.com/products/pcr/
Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction - WikipediaReverse transcription polymerase chain reaction - Wikipedia
... or kinetic polymerase chain reaction, see Real-time polymerase chain reaction.. Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction ... For real-time polymerase chain reaction, also called quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) ... Polymerase chain reaction. PCR Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. RT-PCR Real-time polymerase chain reaction. ... The exponential amplification via reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction provides for a highly sensitive technique in ...
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/RT-PCR_test
Amplification, cloning, and sequence comparison of the growth hormone gene for carp (Cyprinus carpio) by the polymerase chain...Amplification, cloning, and sequence comparison of the growth hormone gene for carp (Cyprinus carpio) by the polymerase chain...
Next the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was performed using the first strand cDNA as a template, the synthetic 29 ol … ... Next the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was performed using the first strand cDNA as a template, the synthetic 29 ... by the polymerase chain reaction Chin J Biotechnol. 1996;12(3):161-7. ... oligonucleotides as primer and Taq DNA polymerase (94 degrees C, 60 s; 55 degrees C, 30 s; 72 degrees C, 50 s; 35 cycles). ...
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9093758/
Detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex and non-tuberculous mycobacteria by multiplex polymerase chain reactionsDetection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex and non-tuberculous mycobacteria by multiplex polymerase chain reactions
... ... The polymerase chain reactions differentiated between M. tuberculosis and non-tuberculous mycobacteria when standard strains ... The ability of two-band and three-band multiplex polymerase chain reactions to detect and differentiate Mycobacterium ... Detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex and non-tuberculous mycobacteria by multiplex polymerase chain reactions. EMHJ ...
https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/118685
Optimizing polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using machine learning | bioRxivOptimizing polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using machine learning | bioRxiv
Optimizing polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using machine learning. View ORCID ProfileNicholas J. Cordaro, View ORCID Profile ... Optimizing polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using machine learning Message Subject (Your Name) has forwarded a page to you from ... Despite substantial standardization, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) experiments frequently fail. Troubleshooting failed PCRs ... While human designed PCRs succeed at a rate of 55-63%, we find that a machine learning model can accurately predict reaction ...
https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.08.12.455589v1
Rickettsia prowazekii and Real-time Polymerase Chain Reaction - Volume 12, Number 3-March 2006 - Emerging Infectious Diseases...
Rickettsia prowazekii and Real-time Polymerase Chain Reaction On This Page Materials and Methods Results Discussion Cite This ... Diagnosis of acute typhus infection using the polymerase chain reaction. J Infect Dis. 1990;161:791-3. DOIPubMedGoogle Scholar ... We developed a real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction assay by using a species-specific probe targeting the gltA gene ... Svraka S, Rolain J, Bechah Y, Gatabazi J, Raoult D. Rickettsia prowazekii and Real-time Polymerase Chain Reaction. Emerg Infect ...
https://wwwnc.cdc.gov/eid/article/12/3/05-0888_article
All Polymerase chain reaction articles | Chemistry WorldAll Polymerase chain reaction articles | Chemistry World
All Polymerase chain reaction articles in Chemistry World ... All Polymerase chain reaction articles. * News PCR inventor ... Taq Polymerase 2015-12-16T00:00:00Z Kat Arney reveals how high temperature bacteria provide us with the molecule that speeds up ...
https://www.chemistryworld.com/polymerase-chain-reaction/809.tag
ISO - ISO 22174:2005 - Microbiology of food and animal feeding stuffs - Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for the detection of...ISO - ISO 22174:2005 - Microbiology of food and animal feeding stuffs - Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for the detection of...
Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for the detection of food-borne pathogens - General requirements and definitions ... Microbiology of food and animal feeding stuffs - Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for the detection of food-borne pathogens - ... to the testing of foodstuffs and isolates obtained from foodstuffs for food-borne pathogens using the polymerase chain reaction ...
https://www.iso.org/standard/36153.html
Frost on Chickens | Development of a Polymerase Chain Reaction Procedure for Detection of Chicken and Turkey ParvovirusesFrost on Chickens | Development of a Polymerase Chain Reaction Procedure for Detection of Chicken and Turkey Parvoviruses
Development of a Polymerase Chain Reaction Procedure for Detection of Chicken and Turkey Parvoviruses. ... A polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay with primers targeting these conserved genome sequences proved to be highly specific ... Development of a Polymerase Chain Reaction Procedure for Detection of Chicken and Turkey Parvoviruses.jpg (image/jpeg) ... Development of a Polymerase Chain Reaction Procedure for Detection of Chicken and Turkey Parvoviruses ...
https://www.nal.usda.gov/exhibits/ipd/frostonchickens/items/show/313
Reduction of water evaporation in polymerase chain reaction microfluidic devices based on oscillating-flowReduction of water evaporation in polymerase chain reaction microfluidic devices based on oscillating-flow
... ... "Reduction of Water Evaporation in Polymerase Chain Reaction Microfluidic Devices Based on Oscillating-Flow." Biomicrofluidics4 ... with reduced or no water evaporation is a challenge for many on-chip applications including polymerase chain reaction (PCR). We ...
https://dash.harvard.edu/handle/1/41511282
Real Time Polymerase Chain Reaction Systems Market Size & ForecastReal Time Polymerase Chain Reaction Systems Market Size & Forecast
Real Time Polymerase Chain Reaction Systems Market size is projected to reach USD 6,384.78 Mn by 2028, at a CAGR of 5.58% from ... What is Polymerase Chain Reaction Systems?. The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is a widely used technique for amplifying DNA; ... Real Time Polymerase Chain Reaction Systems Market Size And Forecast. Real Time Polymerase Chain Reaction Systems Market size ... Global Real Time Polymerase Chain Reaction Systems Market Overview. The demand for the Real Time Polymerase Chain Reaction ...
https://www.verifiedmarketresearch.com/product/real-time-polymerase-chain-reaction-systems-market/
Application of aqueous humor polymerase chain reaction for virus in Posner-Schlossman syndrome | Research SquareApplication of aqueous humor polymerase chain reaction for virus in Posner-Schlossman syndrome | Research Square
Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) has been widely used in the diagnosis of infectious etiology in aqueous humor [11]. In this ... Digital droplet polymerase chain reaction analysis of common viruses in the aqueous humour of patients with Posner-Schlossman ... Polymerase chain reaction analysis of aqueous humor specimens in the diagnosis of cytomegalovirus retinitis in AIDS patients. ... Aqueous humor polymerase chain reaction in uveitis - utility and safety. BMC Ophthalmol. 2016;16(1):189. ...
https://www.researchsquare.com/article/rs-27004/v1
SciELO - Brazil - Polymerase chain reaction for the diagnosis of bovine genital campylobacteriosis Polymerase chain reaction...SciELO - Brazil - Polymerase chain reaction for the diagnosis of bovine genital campylobacteriosis Polymerase chain reaction...
Polymerase chain reaction for the diagnosis of bovine genital campylobacteriosis Reação em cadeia da polimerase para o ... The purpose of the current study was to evaluate the utilization of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in the diagnosis of genital ... The purpose of the current study was to evaluate the utilization of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in the diagnosis of genital ... Rapid detection of Campylobacter fetus by polymerase chain reaction combined with non-radioactive hybridization using an oligo- ...
https://www.scielo.br/j/pvb/a/SBLvg5xmgKYjBfNWcrNxsLm/?format=html&lang=en
A Comparison of Two Commercial Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction (qPCR) DNA Quantitation Kits for Prioritizing Forensic...A Comparison of Two Commercial Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction (qPCR) DNA Quantitation Kits for Prioritizing Forensic...
A Comparison of Two Commercial Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction (qPCR) DNA Quantitation Kits for Prioritizing Forensic ...
https://www.aafs.org/research/comparison-two-commercial-quantitative-polymerase-chain-reaction-qpcr-dna-quantitation
Comparison of the Polymerase Chain Reaction and Serology for the Detection of Canine Visceral Leishmaniasis in: The American...Comparison of the Polymerase Chain Reaction and Serology for the Detection of Canine Visceral Leishmaniasis in: The American...
Comparison of the Polymerase Chain Reaction and Serology for the Detection of Canine Visceral Leishmaniasis published on Sep ... The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and serology was evaluated for the diagnosis of canine visceral leishmaniasis in Bahia, ... Comparison of the Polymerase Chain Reaction and Serology for the Detection of Canine Visceral Leishmaniasis ... Effects of Protective Immune Serum on the Yields of Parasites and Pulmonary Cell Reactions in Schistosome-Infected Rats ...
https://www.ajtmh.org/abstract/journals/tpmd/53/3/article-p251.xml?rskey=5L7oil&result=9
WHO EMRO | Real-time polymerase chain reaction assays for rapid diagnosis of human brucellosis | TDR-news | Tropical diseases...
Several studies have shown that conventional polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays could provide a rapid, sensitive, and ... Real-time polymerase chain reaction assays for rapid diagnosis of human brucellosis ... Tropical disease research , News , Real-time polymerase chain reaction assays for rapid diagnosis of human brucellosis ... Development and evaluation of real-time polymerase chain reaction assays on whole blood and paraffin-embedded tissues for rapid ...
http://www.emro.who.int/tropical-diseases-research/tdr-news/pcr-diagnosis-brucellosis.html
Differentiation of cucumber mosaic virus isolates using the polymerase chain reaction | Microbiology SocietyDifferentiation of cucumber mosaic virus isolates using the polymerase chain reaction | Microbiology Society
A procedure based on the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) has been developed to classify cucumber mosaic cucumovirus (CMV) ... Differentiation of cucumber mosaic virus isolates using the polymerase chain reaction * Helen Rizos1, Linda V. Gunn2, Ray D. ... A procedure based on the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) has been developed to classify cucumber mosaic cucumovirus (CMV) ... Differentiation of cucumber mosaic virus isolates using the polymerase chain reaction. J. Gen. Virol. 73, 2099 (1992); https:// ...
https://www.microbiologyresearch.org/content/journal/jgv/10.1099/0022-1317-73-8-2099
Sequencing products of the polymerase chain reaction directly, without purification<...
Sequencing products of the polymerase chain reaction directly, without purification. S. J. Meltzer, S. M. Mane, P. K. Wood, L. ... Sequencing products of the polymerase chain reaction directly, without purification. / Meltzer, S. J.; Mane, S. M.; Wood, P. K ... Meltzer, SJ, Mane, SM, Wood, PK, Johnson, L & Needleman, SW 1990, Sequencing products of the polymerase chain reaction ... Conservation of small amounts of polymerase chain reaction products which can be obtained from limited DNA sources, such as ...
https://jhu.pure.elsevier.com/en/publications/sequencing-products-of-the-polymerase-chain-reaction-directly-wit-4
Differential polymerase chain reaction: a technical comparison of three methods for the detection of CDK4 gene amplification in...Differential polymerase chain reaction: a technical comparison of three methods for the detection of CDK4 gene amplification in...
Differential polymerase chain reaction: a technical comparison of three methods for the detection of CDK4 gene amplification in ... Differential polymerase chain reaction: a technical comparison of three methods for the detection of CDK4 gene amplification in ... Differential polymerase chain reaction: a technical comparison of three methods for the detection of CDK4 gene amplification in ...
https://www.cun.es/en/research/scientific-publications/three-methods-detection-cdk4-gene-amplification-glioblastomas
Identification of suitable reference genes for gene expression studies using quantitative polymerase chain reaction in lung...Identification of suitable reference genes for gene expression studies using quantitative polymerase chain reaction in lung...
i] PCR, polymerase chain reaction; GADPH, glyceraldehyde3-phosphate dehydrogenase; RPLP0, ribosomal protein large P0; ACTB, β- ... Reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction product of each of the 10 target reference genes. (A) Dissociation ... Hendriks-Balk MC, Michel MC and Alewijnse AE: Pitfalls in the normalization of real-time polymerase chain reaction data. Basic ... Identification of suitable reference genes for gene expression studies using quantitative polymerase chain reaction in lung ...
https://www.spandidos-publications.com/10.3892/mmr.2015.3159
Vista do Enhancing tuberculosis diagnosis by polymerase chain reaction: An experience at a tertiary hospitalVista do Enhancing tuberculosis diagnosis by polymerase chain reaction: An experience at a tertiary hospital
Voltar aos Detalhes do Artigo Enhancing tuberculosis diagnosis by polymerase chain reaction: An experience at a tertiary ...
https://www.seer.ufrgs.br/index.php/hcpa/article/view/61295/pdf
7500 Real-time Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) Software7500 Real-time Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) Software
The 7500 Real-time Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) Software works with vendor-specific hardware to study and analyze ... fluorescence-based polymerase chain reaction (PCR) reagents. This technology does not utilize a database as any data generated ...
https://www.oit.va.gov/Services/TRM/ToolPage.aspx?tid=13684&tab=2&minYear=2022
Feline Immunodeficiency Virus (FIV): Develop of Quantitative Competitive Polymerase Chain Reaction (QC-PCR) to Evaluate Viral...Feline Immunodeficiency Virus (FIV): Develop of Quantitative Competitive Polymerase Chain Reaction (QC-PCR) to Evaluate Viral...
Feline Immunodeficiency Virus (FIV): Develop of Quantitative Competitive Polymerase Chain Reaction (QC-PCR) to Evaluate Viral ...
https://www.vin.com/apputil/project/defaultadv1.aspx?pid=11223&catid=&id=3859187&meta=&authorid=
The development of a real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (rRT-PCR) assay using TaqMan technology for the...
The objective of this study was to develop and validate a real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (rRT-PCR) ... The objective of this study was to develop and validate a real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (rRT-PCR) ... The objective of this study was to develop and validate a real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (rRT-PCR) ... The objective of this study was to develop and validate a real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (rRT-PCR) ...
https://pure.qub.ac.uk/en/publications/the-development-of-a-real-time-reverse-transcription-polymerase-c
Diagnosis of tuberculous meningitis: a comparative analysis of 3 immunoassays, an immune complex assay and the polymerase chain...Diagnosis of tuberculous meningitis: a comparative analysis of 3 immunoassays, an immune complex assay and the polymerase chain...
... an immune complex assay and the polymerase chain reaction. *Mark. Miörner, Håkan LU ; Sjöbring, U ; Nayak, P and Chandramuki, A ... OBJECTIVE: To compare 3 immunoassays, an immune complex assay, and an application of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for ... OBJECTIVE: To compare 3 immunoassays, an immune complex assay, and an application of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for ... and an application of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for the diagnosis of tuberculous meningitis (TBM). MATERIAL: ...
https://lup.lub.lu.se/search/publication/1109259
Copy Of Polymerase Chain Reaction - Lessons - BlendspaceCopy Of Polymerase Chain Reaction - Lessons - Blendspace
Nobel Prize winner in Chemistry for his development of the method known as the Polymerase Chain Reaction or PCR. ...
https://www.blendspace.com/lessons/r8xvLXQDi4k3GQ/copy-of-polymerase-chain-reaction
Detection of herpes simplex virus DNA by polymerase chain reaction in the cerebrospinal fluid of patients with viral...Detection of herpes simplex virus DNA by polymerase chain reaction in the cerebrospinal fluid of patients with viral...
Detection of herpes simplex virus DNA by polymerase chain reaction in the cerebrospinal fluid of patients with viral ...
https://www.julkari.fi/handle/10024/84251
QuantitativeAssayAmplificationDetectionMultiplexReagentsEnzymeThermal cyclerGeneticReverseMolecularViralMicrofluidicAssaysAmplifyTuberculosisAbstractSensitivityCDNADiagnosis of genitalThermusThermostableVitroThermophilicInhibitorsConventionalDiagnosticLigaseMonomersBacteriumNucleotidesRedirectsSamplesTestAnalysisOutcomeMethodsCharacteristicsMinimizeTemperaturesInterferenceProcedureEvaluationSerumReal-timeCopies
Quantitative8
  • For real-time polymerase chain reaction, also called quantitative real time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) or kinetic polymerase chain reaction, see Real-time polymerase chain reaction . (wikipedia.org)
  • This is achieved by monitoring the amplification reaction using fluorescence, a technique called real-time PCR or quantitative PCR (qPCR). (wikipedia.org)
  • We developed a real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction assay by using a species-specific probe targeting the gltA gene. (cdc.gov)
  • Quantitative polymerase chain reaction has a wide range of applications in the laboratory. (verifiedmarketresearch.com)
  • Reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) has revolutionized the field of gene expression analysis in living organisms ( 5 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
  • Rapid detection and diagnosis of herpetic keratitis using quantitative microfluidic polymerase chain reaction system for herpes simplex and varicella-zoster virus DNA: a case series. (bvsalud.org)
  • This booklet provides an overview of the quantitative Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction (qRT-PCR) test. (cml-foundation.org)
  • Quantitative polymerase-chain-reaction (qPCR) was used to investigate gene expression of ICAM-1 and MUC5 A/C. The viral/bacterial load was investigated in lung homogenate or BAL fluid. (uni-wuerzburg.de)
Assay11
  • A polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay with primers targeting these conserved genome sequences proved to be highly specific and sensitive to detecting parvoviruses in experimentally infected chickens. (usda.gov)
  • The ITS assay was the most sensitive with a limit of detection of 2 genome equivalents per PCR reaction. (who.int)
  • The objective of this study was to develop and validate a real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (rRT-PCR) assay based on TaqMan technology for the detection of representative strains of all BTV serotypes. (qub.ac.uk)
  • The analytical sensitivity of the rRT-PCR assay was 200 copies of RNA per reaction. (qub.ac.uk)
  • OBJECTIVE: To compare 3 immunoassays, an immune complex assay, and an application of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for the diagnosis of tuberculous meningitis (TBM). (lu.se)
  • Effectiveness of real-time polymerase chain reaction assay for the detection of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in pathological samples: a systematic review and meta-analysis. (microbiology-direct.com)
  • This study examines whether the real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assay, with a turn-a-round 2 hours, will prove effective for routine detection of MTB by clinical microbiology laboratories. (microbiology-direct.com)
  • However, demonstration of a dominant T-cell clone in skin biopsy specimens by a molecular assay (ie, Southern blot, polymerase chain reaction [PCR]) constitutes an additional diagnostic criterion to distinguish cutaneous T-cell lymphoma from inflammatory dermatoses. (medscape.com)
  • Postmortem diagnosis of morbillivirus infection in bottlenose dolphins ( Tursiops truncatus ) in the Atlantic and Gulf of Mexico Epizootics by a polymerase chain reaction-based assay. (cdc.gov)
  • Real time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) assay is the recommended confirmatory method for the diagnosis of SARS-CoV-2 infection. (who.int)
  • FIND) has partnered with Cepheid, Inc. (Sunnyvale, CA) and the University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey (UMDNJ, Newark, NY) to develop a TB-specific automated, cartridge-based nucleic amplification assay (Xpert MTB/RIF) based on the GeneXpert multi-disease platform, currently unique in its simplification of molecular testing with fully integrated and automated sample preparation, amplification and detection required for real-time polymerase chain reaction. (who.int)
Amplification10
  • Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction ( RT-PCR ) is a laboratory technique combining reverse transcription of RNA into DNA (in this context called complementary DNA or cDNA) and amplification of specific DNA targets using polymerase chain reaction (PCR). (wikipedia.org)
  • The two-step reaction requires that the reverse transcriptase reaction and PCR amplification be performed in separate tubes. (wikipedia.org)
  • [19] On the other hand, the entire reaction from cDNA synthesis to PCR amplification occurs in a single tube in the one-step approach. (wikipedia.org)
  • Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification has been developed for identification of most Borrelia species. (medscape.com)
  • By comparing the amplification of this template in the mixture to the amplification observed in a separate experiment in which the same template is used in the absence of inhibitors, the extent of inhibition in the investigated reaction mixture can be inferred. (en-academic.com)
  • Home / Resources / PCR, qPCR, & DNA Amplification / What is Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)? (excedr.com)
  • Reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and nucleic acid sequence-based amplification are rapid, sensitive, and specific methods of detecting echoviral RNA in clinical specimens. (medscape.com)
  • The Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) is an invitro method of DNA amplification that can rapidly clone (amplify) DNA samples as small as a single molecule. (medchrome.com)
  • Recombinase polymerase amplification (RPA) technology being used in conjunction with Agdia's AmpliFire® isothermal fluorometer. (agdia.com)
  • AmplifyRP ® employs recombinase polymerase amplification (RPA), an isothermal amplification technology first introduced in 2006, that provides target sensitivity and specificity comparable to that achieved with polymerase chain reaction (PCR). (agdia.com)
Detection4
  • On the basis of Type, the Global Real Time Polymerase Chain Reaction Systems Market has been segmented into Specific Detection, and Non-Specific Detection. (verifiedmarketresearch.com)
  • The Europe polymerase chain reaction (PCR) devices market is also segmented on the basis of application into oncology, blood testing, pathogen detection, research, forensic and others. (pharmiweb.com)
  • One example has been the development of multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) panels that can be used to identify the rapid detection of pathogens in blood cultures, cerebrospinal fluid stool, and respiratory tract specimens. (consultantlive.com)
  • Detection of Treponema pallidum by polymerase chain reaction in the cerebrospinal fluid of syphilis patients. (elsevier.com)
Multiplex2
  • The ability of two-band and three-band multiplex polymerase chain reactions to detect and differentiate Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex from non-tuberculous mycobacteria was evaluated. (who.int)
  • In a multiplex PCR reaction, it is possible for the different sequences to suffer from different inhibition effects to different extents, leading to disparity in their relative amplifications. (en-academic.com)
Reagents2
  • The 7500 Real-time Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) Software works with vendor-specific hardware to study and analyze fluorescence-based polymerase chain reaction (PCR) reagents. (va.gov)
  • A tube containing a reaction mixture of PCR reagents is put into the machine, which changes the temperature to suit each stage of the process. (excedr.com)
Enzyme7
  • Enzyme - Enzyme is a catalytic protein that accelerates cellular reactions. (researchersenigma.com)
  • DNA polymerase is an enzyme that adds nucleotides to a growing strand of DNA. (researchersenigma.com)
  • If a length of DNA is mixed with the 4 nucleotides (A, T, C and G), and the enzyme DNA polymerase, then the DNA will be replicated many times. (medchrome.com)
  • 1. Starting with a sample of the DNA (template) to be amplified, add the 4 nucleotides (deoxyribonucleoside triphosphates) and the enzyme heat stable DNA polymerase to the solution. (medchrome.com)
  • 5. The DNA polymerase enzyme can now extend the primers and complete the replication of the rest of the DNA. (medchrome.com)
  • Enzyme immunoassay for toxins A and B and polymerase chain reaction testing, for CDI, were repeatedly negative. (hindawi.com)
  • It ends with a personal account of working with Arthur Kornberg, who discovered DNA polymerase, a key enzyme in DNA metabolism. (newscientist.com)
Thermal cycler3
  • PCR devices are defined as thermal cycler which is commonly used in laboratories for amplifying the segments of DNA through polymerase chain reaction. (pharmiweb.com)
  • A thermal cycler (or thermocycler ) is used to run PCR reactions and amplify DNA sequences in vitro . (excedr.com)
  • polymerase chain reaction ( pcr ) or thermal cycler 7. (tendersinandhrapradesh.com)
Genetic4
  • The demand for the Real Time Polymerase Chain Reaction Systems has been growing spontaneously on account of growing prevalence of life-threatening target infectious diseases & genetic disorders surging demand and increasing use of real time PCR in various applications areas. (verifiedmarketresearch.com)
  • Increase in the incidences of infectious diseases and genetic disorders infants is the vital factor escalating the market growth, also rise in the usage of biomarkers for diagnosis of diseases infants, rising technological advancement to adopt the new technology in PCR devices infants, rising genetic disorders and infectious diseases and rising public and private investments are the major factors among others driving the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) devices market. (pharmiweb.com)
  • The patent-pending process detects the presence of known genetic markers in as little as 10 minutes, an alternative to polymerase chain reaction (or PCR) tests that can take days. (simpson.edu)
  • Genetic engineered heat resistant DNA polymerases, that have proofreading functions and make fewer mutations in the amplified DNA products, are available commercially. (jrank.org)
Reverse1
  • The further use of inhibitor-tolerant polymerases, polymerase enhancers with an optimized one-step RT-PCR condition, supports the reverse transcription of the RNA from unpurified or crude samples, such as whole blood and serum . (wikipedia.org)
Molecular4
  • A real-time polymerase chain reaction (real-time PCR) is a molecular biology laboratory technique that uses the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). (verifiedmarketresearch.com)
  • Polymerase chain reaction optimization - The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is a commonly used molecular biology tool for amplifying DNA, and various techniques for PCR optimization have been developed by molecular biologists to improve PCR performance and minimize failure. (en-academic.com)
  • While Taq DNA polymerase had already been discovered at the time, its impact on molecular biology was not fully recognized without the introduction of PCR. (excedr.com)
  • To cure molecular biology's illness, he argues for a form of neo-Lamarckism, drawing on ideas ranging from Stuart Kauffman's self-organising networks of mutually-catalysing reactions, James Lovelock's Gaia hypothesis, to the postmodernist philosophy of Jacques Derrida. (newscientist.com)
Viral1
  • A microfluidic real-time polymerase chain reaction ( PCR ) system can rapidly detect the viral DNA in specimens. (bvsalud.org)
Microfluidic1
  • Producing polymeric or hybrid microfluidic devices operating at high temperatures with reduced or no water evaporation is a challenge for many on-chip applications including polymerase chain reaction (PCR). (harvard.edu)
Assays1
  • Several studies have shown that conventional polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assays could provide a rapid, sensitive and specific testing alternative to serology and culture for the diagnosis of brucellosis. (who.int)
Amplify3
  • In addition, the quality of the DNA extracted from asymptomatic, Oidium tuckeri - and Plasmopara viticola -infected leaves of V. vinifera L. was evaluated in polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analyses by using different set of primers to be able to amplify vegetal, fungal and bacterial DNA. (academicjournals.org)
  • Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is a rapid and inexpensive in vitro technique used to amplify copies of small segments of DNA. (excedr.com)
  • PCR (polymerase chain reaction) is a technique in which cycles of denaturation, annealing with primer, and extension with DNA polymerase, are used to amplify the number of copies of a target DNA sequence by more than 100 times in a few hours. (jrank.org)
Tuberculosis1
  • The polymerase chain reactions differentiated between M. tuberculosis and non-tuberculous mycobacteria when standard strains and clinical isolates of mycobacteria were tested. (who.int)
Abstract1
  • abstract = "An improvement over current protocols for sequencing products of the polymerase chain reaction is described. (elsevier.com)
Sensitivity1
  • Moreover, a definite diagnosis of epidemic typhus is often delayed because the sensitivity of cell culture and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) methods is low ( 13 ), and serologic diagnosis can be obtained only by using advanced serologic methods such as Western blot analysis after cross-adsorptions. (cdc.gov)
CDNA1
  • It eliminates the steps of pipetting cDNA product, which is labor-intensive and prone to contamination, to PCR reaction. (wikipedia.org)
Diagnosis of genital1
  • The purpose of the current study was to evaluate the utilization of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in the diagnosis of genital campylobacteriosis in samples obtained from bull prepuce aspirate, cow cervical mucus, and abomasum contents of aborted fetuses, collected into enrichment medium. (scielo.br)
Thermus1
  • It's a thermostable DNA polymerase isolated from the bacterium Thermus aquaticus found in hot springs. (excedr.com)
Thermostable1
  • DNA polymerase used in PCR is mostly extracted from various thermostable organisms. (researchersenigma.com)
Vitro1
  • In vivo the primers are made during replication by DNA polymerase, but in vitro they must be synthesized separately and added at this stage. (medchrome.com)
Thermophilic1
  • PCR was initially carried out manually in incubators of different temperatures for each step until the extraction of DNA polymerase from thermophilic bacteria . (jrank.org)
Inhibitors4
  • DNA sequencing with chain-terminating inhibitors. (microbiologyresearch.org)
  • They are an internal reference to which target gene expression can be associated in order to correct unspecific variation caused by an imprecise amount of input RNA, RNA degradation or the presence of reaction inhibitors ( 8 , 10 ). (spandidos-publications.com)
  • PCR inhibitors usually affect PCR through interaction with DNA or interference with the DNA polymerase . (en-academic.com)
  • As well as methods for the removal of inhibitors from samples before PCR, some DNA polymerases offer varying resistance to different inhibitors and increasing the concentration of the chosen DNA polymerase also confers some resistance to polymerase-targeted inhibitors. (en-academic.com)
Conventional2
  • We screened for inv22 with our previously reported conventional polymerase chain reaction ( PCR ) method , as well as with a newly developed real-time PCR method . (bvsalud.org)
  • Methods: Participants were instructed to inject a specified quantity of water into a 0.2 mL polymerase chain reaction (PCR) tube and a sheep eye, first with the conventional syringe, and then with the SPS. (mendeley.com)
Diagnostic2
  • Based on end-user, the Europe polymerase chain reaction (PCR) devices market is segmented into hospital, diagnostic center, pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies, clinical research organizations, academia and laboratories. (pharmiweb.com)
  • Common applications include fluorescence imaging, DNA sequencing, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) diagnostic instruments, attenuating low power lasers, and variable filters for machine vision. (edmundoptics.com)
Ligase1
  • Chlamydia trachomatis (ligase chain reaction), Mycoplasma genitalium (polymerase chain reaction, PCR), Ureaplasma urealyticum (culture and PCR), and Streptococcus spp, Gardnerella vaginalis , and Haemophilus species (culture). (bmj.com)
Monomers1
  • These are monomers that are joined to a growing DNA chain amplifying it to a DNA strand. (researchersenigma.com)
Bacterium1
  • This bacterium lives in the hot springs at 203°F (95°C). The DNA polymerase from T. aquaticus keeps its activity at above 95°C for many hours. (jrank.org)
Nucleotides3
  • It helps in the initiation of DNA strand formation by providing a base to which DNA polymerase can attach nucleotides. (researchersenigma.com)
  • Here, DNA polymerase at a specified temperature starts adding nucleotides to the growing DNA chain. (researchersenigma.com)
  • The DNA polymerase then extends the primer using the provided nucleotides. (jrank.org)
Redirects1
Samples2
  • The potential of the Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR), as a means of detecting Escherichia coli ( E. coli ) DNA in suspected environmental samples, was studied. (scialert.net)
  • The Epi proColon test uses polymerase chain reaction technology to determine the methylation status of this gene in plasma samples. (medpagetoday.com)
Test3
  • In this study, a recently introduced polymerase chain reaction-based technique (which has 100% specificity for S. Typhi) was compared with widal test among 80 clinically suspected typhoid fever cases. (banglajol.info)
  • A positive result from a confirmatory test sets off a chain of actions. (cdc.gov)
  • The figure above displays the number of positive tests for influenza by type (A or B) and subtype as available, as reported by hospital and reference laboratories that test by any of the following methods: polymerase chain reaction (PCR), immunofluorescence (IFA or DFA), or culture. (cdc.gov)
Analysis7
  • Data points such as consumption volumes, production sites and volumes, import export analysis, price trend analysis, cost of raw materials, down-stream and upstream value chain analysis are some of the major pointers used to forecast the market scenario for individual countries. (pharmiweb.com)
  • In order to try to assess the extent of inhibition that occurs in a reaction, a control can be performed by adding a known amount of a template to the investigated reaction mixture (based on the sample under analysis). (en-academic.com)
  • This report included the analysis of market overview, market characteristics, industry chain, competition landscape, historical and future data by types, applications and regions. (futuristicreports.com)
  • Chapter 2: Digital Polymerase Chain Reaction Industry Chain Analysis, Upstream Raw Material Suppliers, Major Players, Production Process Analysis, Cost Analysis, Market Channels and Major Downstream Buyers. (futuristicreports.com)
  • Chapter 3: Value Analysis, Production, Growth Rate and Price Analysis by Type of Digital Polymerase Chain Reaction. (futuristicreports.com)
  • Chapter 7: Digital Polymerase Chain Reaction Market Status and SWOT Analysis by Regions. (futuristicreports.com)
  • Chapter 9: Digital Polymerase Chain Reaction Market Analysis and Forecast by Type and Application (2022-2028). (futuristicreports.com)
Outcome1
  • While human designed PCRs succeed at a rate of 55-63%, we find that a machine learning model can accurately predict reaction outcome 81% of the time. (biorxiv.org)
Methods1
  • Various polymerase chain reaction (PCR) methods have shown potential in detecting intestinal fluke parasites. (medscape.com)
Characteristics3
  • In a word, this report will help you to establish a panorama of industrial development and characteristics of the Digital Polymerase Chain Reaction market. (futuristicreports.com)
  • Chapter 4: Downstream Characteristics, Consumption and Market Share by Application of Digital Polymerase Chain Reaction. (futuristicreports.com)
  • The chi-squared, t and Fisher exact tests were used to assess differences in socio- demographic, epidemiological and clinical characteristics between patients with positive and negative polymerase chain reaction results. (who.int)
Minimize1
  • The one-step approach is thought to minimize experimental variation by containing all of the enzymatic reactions in a single environment. (wikipedia.org)
Temperatures1
  • PCR requires DNA polymerases that can work at high temperatures. (excedr.com)
Interference1
  • The microbial proteins targeted by the antibiotic are essential components of biochemical reactions in the microbes, and interference with these physiological pathways kills the microorganisms. (mhmedical.com)
Procedure1
  • A procedure based on the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) has been developed to classify cucumber mosaic cucumovirus (CMV) isolates accurately into two subgroups. (microbiologyresearch.org)
Evaluation1
  • The Global Real Time Polymerase Chain Reaction Systems Market report provides a holistic evaluation of the market. (verifiedmarketresearch.com)
Serum1
  • The DNA to investigate the polymorphisms of osteoprotegerin, obtained through the technique of polymerase chain reaction, was obtained from the blood serum of the participants. (bvsalud.org)
Real-time2
  • The Global Real Time Polymerase Chain Reaction Systems Market is segmented on the basis of Type, Application, and Geography. (verifiedmarketresearch.com)
  • On the basis of technology , Europe polymerase chain reaction (PCR) devices market is segmented into digital PCR and real-time PCR. (pharmiweb.com)
Copies3
  • Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) is a technique to make multiple copies of a short sequence of target DNA, exponentially amplifying it. (ilphotonics.com)
  • The seminar was about Polymerase chain reaction and the mechanism of making many copies of DNA. (edu.iq)
  • After multiple heating and cooling cycles, the original strands remain, but most of the DNA consists of amplified copies of the segment (shown in lighter blue) synthesized by the heat stable DNA polymerase. (medchrome.com)
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Enteroviruses Workup: Laboratory Studies, Imaging Studies, Other Tests (medscape.com)
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Typhoid Fever Workup: Approach Considerations, Laboratory Studies, Imaging Studies (medscape.com)
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B-Cell Lymphoma Workup: Approach Considerations, Laboratory Studies, Other Tests (medscape.com)
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McCune-Albright Syndrome Workup: Approach Considerations, Laboratory Studies, Plain Radiography (medscape.com)
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Malaria Workup: Approach Considerations, Blood Smears, Alternatives to Blood Smear Testing (medscape.com)
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Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL) Workup: Approach Considerations, Routine Laboratory Studies, Radiologic Studies (medscape.com)
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(emedicine.medscape.com)
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Chagas Disease (American Trypanosomiasis) Workup: Approach Considerations, Laboratory Studies, Imaging Studies (emedicine.medscape.com)
(emedicine.medscape.com)
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Potential of Advanced Molecular Detection and Response at CDC| Advanced Molecular Detection (AMD) | CDC (cdc.gov)
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